Học các thì TA

CH NG 1: THÌƯƠCH NG 1: THÌƯƠ

A. PRESENT SIMPLEA. PRESENT SIMPLEHi N T I Đ N Gi NỆ Ạ Ơ ẢHi N T I Đ N Gi NỆ Ạ Ơ Ả

I. Form/ D ng th cạ ứ• (+) S + Vs/es.• (-) S + don’t/doesn’t + V.

(?)Do/Does + S + V?Yes, S do/doesNo, S do/does not

II. Use/ S d ngử ụ1. Miêu t S th t, Thói quen, Hành đ ng l p đi l p ả ự ậ ộ ặ ặ

l i, Tình hu ng ko thay đ i, C m xúc và Đi u cạ ố ổ ả ề ướ• The sun rises in the east. (a truth) • I wake up at seven o'clock. (a habit) • She meets me every Sunday. (a repeated actions) • I work in New York. (an unchanging situation) • I love blue flowers. (an emotion) • He wants to pass his last exam (a wish)

II. Use2. Di n t th i khoá bi u, th i gian bi u. Đ c ễ ả ờ ể ờ ể ặ

bi t gi đi, đ n c a các ph ng ti nệ ờ ế ủ ươ ệ• Your flight takes off at 09.00 • My exams start on Monday. • His mother arrives tomorrow. • Our holiday starts on the 26th March

II. Use3. Di n t th i gian t ng lai trong các m nh ễ ả ờ ươ ệ

đ có ch a: ề ứ after, when, before, as soon as, until:

• It will be ready as soon as you arrive this evening.

• I will meet you when you come on Sunday. • She'll see you before she leaves. • We'll give it to her after she arrives.

II. Use4. Đ a ra Ch d n ho c H ng d n:ư ỉ ẫ ặ ướ ẫ• You walk for two hundred meters,

then you turn left. • Open the packet and pour the

contents into hot water. • You take the No.6 bus to Watney and

then the No.10 to Bedford.

II. UseNOTE: Các tr ng t n su t th ng dùng v i HTDG: ạ ầ ấ ườ ớ• Always, often, usually, sometimes, ever, never• Everyday, every week, every…• Once/twice/three times a week/a month …• On Friday(s)…• In the morning/evening…• At ten o’clock…

III. Chia đ ng t ộ ừ ởngôi th 3 s ítứ ố

1. Thêm “s” vào h u h t các đ ng t khi ầ ế ộ ừch ng là He/She/It/ Danh t s ít ủ ữ ừ ố

• He wants • She needs • He gives • She thinks.

III. Chia đ ng t ộ ừ ởngôi th 3 s ítứ ố

2. Ph đ nh và câu h i dùng tr đ ng t ủ ị ỏ ợ ộ ừDoes

• He wants. • Does he want? • He does not want.

III. Chia đ ng t ộ ừ ởngôi th 3 s ítứ ố

3. Đ ng t t n cùng là –y, tr c –y là ph âm, ộ ừ ậ ướ ụchuy n –y thành –i r i thêm es:ể ồ

• fly - flies • cry - cries • play - plays • pray - prays • destroy - destroys

III. Chia đ ng t ộ ừ ởngôi th 3 s ítứ ố

4. Thêm –es v i đ ng t t n cùng là:-ss, ớ ộ ừ ậ-x, -sh, -ch:

• He passes • She catches • He fixes • It pushes

IV. Phát âm s/es• “s z ch dz sh zh” /iz/ • Vô thanh “p t f k tS S 0” /s/• H u thanh ” d v g *” ữ /z/

B. Present continuousB. Present continuous Hi N T I Ti P Di NỆ Ạ Ế ỄHi N T I Ti P Di NỆ Ạ Ế Ễ

I. Form• (+) S + am/is/are + Ving.• (-) S + am/is/are not + Ving.• (?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?

II. Use1. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra t i th i ả ộ ả ạ ờ

đi m nói ể• You are using the Internet. • You are studying English grammar.

II. Use2. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra xung quanh ả ộ ả

th i đi m nói.ờ ể• Are you still working for the same

company? • More and more people are becoming

vegetarian.

II. Use3. Miêu t hành đ ng trong t ng lai, ả ộ ươ

đã đ c lên k ho ch ho c chu n b . ượ ế ạ ặ ẩ ị• We're going on holiday tomorrow. • I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. • Are they visiting you next winter?

II. Use4. Miêu t hành đ ng t m th i khác v i ả ộ ạ ờ ớ

bình th ng trong 1 kho ng th i gian ườ ả ờnh t đ nh. ấ ị

• He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight.

• The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.

II. Use5. Miêu t , nh n m nh hành đ ng l p đi ả ấ ạ ộ ặ

l p l i gây b c mình b ng cách s ặ ạ ự ằ ửd ng 'always, forever, constantly'. ụ

• Harry and Sally are always arguing! • You're forever complaining about

your mother-in-law!

II. UseCHÚ Ý: Trong thì HTTD, “always” nghĩa là

“r t th ng xuyên”. Đôi khi th hi n nghĩa ấ ườ ể ệb c mình.ự

• Example: Our teacher is always giving us tests.

(Very often, annoyed)Our teacher always gives us tests.

III. Cách thành l p ậ“Ving”

1. Đ ng t k t thúc b ng –e, b -e thêm -ing: ộ ừ ế ằ ỏExample: come - coming, delete - deleting, change -

changing • I am coming home. • You are deleting the file. • He is changing his money. Nh ngư : K t thúc b ngế ằ -ee thì ch thêm -ingỉExample: agree - agreeing, • We are agreeing with your plan.

III. Cách thành l p ậ“Ving”

2. Đ ng t 1 âm ti t, k t thúc b ng ph ộ ừ ế ế ằ ụâm, tr c đó là 1 nguyên âm thì g p ướ ấđôi ph âm r i thêm -ing:ụ ồ

Example: sit - sitting, cut - cutting • They are sitting on the grass. • She is cutting a piece of paper.

III. Cách thành l p ậ“Ving”

3. Đ ng t t n cùng là –l, tr c –l là ộ ừ ậ ướph âm thì g p đôi –l r i thêm -ingụ ấ ồ

Example: travel – travelling/traveling• We are travelling around the world.

III. Cách thành l p ậ“Ving”

4. Đ ng t t n cùng là –ie thì chuy n –ộ ừ ậ ểie thành –y r i thêm -ing.ồ

Example: lie - lying• I am lying in bed.

C. Past simpleC. Past simpleQUÁ KH Đ NỨ ƠQUÁ KH Đ NỨ Ơ

I. Form(+) S + Ved.

• (-) S + did not + V.• S + was/were not + …• (?) Did + S + V?• Was/were + S + V?

II. Use1. Miêu t hành đ ng th ng xuyên, đã t ng, ch a bao gi ho c ả ộ ườ ừ ư ờ ặ

th nh tho ng x y ra trong quá khỉ ả ả ứ• He drove to the beach every Sunday. • I used to swim in this river when I was small. • Did he come to your party last week? 2. Miêu t các hành đ ng x y ra l n l t trong quá khả ộ ả ầ ượ ứ• He came in, said hello to everyone in the house and left for

his room immediately. 3. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra t i th i đi m c th trong quá kh ả ộ ả ạ ờ ể ụ ể ứ• I ate lunch at noon today. • He drove to work yesterday.

III. D u hi u nh n bi tấ ệ ậ ế• Chúng ta s d ng QKDG đ nói ử ụ ể khi nào m t đi u gì đó x y ra, vì v y nó ộ ề ả ậph iả có di n t th i gian c th trong ễ ả ờ ụ ểquá kh .ứ

III. D u hi u nh n bi tấ ệ ậ ế1. T n su t:ầ ấ• often, sometimes, always; 2. Th i gian c th :ờ ụ ể • last week, when I was a child, yesterday,

six weeks ago. 3. Th i gian ko xác đ nh:ờ ị• the other day, ages ago, a long time ago

etc.

III. D u hi u nh n bi tấ ệ ậ ếCHÚ Ý: Ch dùng ỉ ago v i thì QKDGớ e.g. a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Examples: • Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva. • She finished her work at seven o'clock. • We saw a good film last week. • I went to the theatre last night. • She played the piano when she was a child. • He sent me a letter six months ago. • Peter left five minutes ago.

III. D u hi u nh n bi tấ ệ ậ ếb, thông tin v th i gian không nh t thi t ph i trong ề ờ ấ ế ả

cùng m t câu.ộ• Examples: I went to town yesterday and had

a look round the shops. I bought this jacket.c, s d ng QKDG đ khi n câu có nghĩa hi n t i b t ử ụ ể ế ệ ạ ớ

tr c ti p h n.ự ế ơ• Examples: I wanted to ask you something.S nh nhàng, t nh h n “I want to ask you ẽ ẹ ế ị ơ

something”.

IV. Cách chia “Ved” v i ớV có quy t cắ

1. H u h t các đ ng t có quy t c đ u thêm -ed.ầ ế ộ ừ ắ ề• Eg: Played walked seemedoffered filled2. N u đ ng t t n cùng là –e, ch thêm -dế ộ ừ ậ ỉ• Eg: moved continued pleasedsmiled3. Đ ng t 1 âm ti t, k t thúc là ph âm, tr c đó là nguyên âm ộ ừ ế ế ụ ướ

thì g p đôi ph âm r i thêm –ed. V i đ ng t 2 âm ti t có ấ ụ ồ ớ ộ ừ ếcùng quy tăc, tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t 2 thì g p đôi ph âm ọ ơ ế ấ ụ

• Eg: stopped preferred• # entered opened4. Đ ng t t n cùng –y, tr c –y là ph âm thì chuy n –y thành ộ ừ ậ ướ ụ ể

–i r i thêm -edồ• Eg: studied hurried

V. Phát âm “Ved”• /id/ khi V t n cùng /t, d/ậ• /t/ khi V t n cùng là âm vô thanhậ• /d/ khi V t n cùng là âm h u thanhậ ữ

Present perfectPresent perfectHi N T I HOÀN THÀNHỆ ẠHi N T I HOÀN THÀNHỆ Ạ

I. Form(+) S + have/has + PII.

• (-) S + have/has not + PII.• (?) Have/has + S + PII?

II. Use1. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá ả ộ ả

kh , còn kéo dài đ n hi n t iứ ế ệ ạ• I have lived in New York for nine

years. • We have been here since Friday. • He has played football since he was a

child.

II. Use2. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra trong 1 kho ng ả ộ ả ả

th i gian, v n ch a hoàn thành:ờ ẫ ư• James has not finished his homework yet. • Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she

can communicate. • Bill has still not arrived. • The rain hasn't stopped.

II. Use3. Miêu t hành đ ng l p đi l p l i, ko c th t tr c đ n nay:ả ộ ặ ặ ạ ụ ể ừ ướ ế• I have seen that movie twenty times. • I think I have met him once before. • There have been many earthquakes in California. • People have traveled to the Moon. • People have not traveled to Mars. • Have you read the book yet? • Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. • A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?

B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

II. Use4. Miêu t hành đ ng v a x y ra trong ả ộ ừ ả

quá kh có kèm 'just' và 'recently'.:ứ• He has just broken his leg • Recently, I haven't seen any changes

in petrol price. • Have you just had your hair cut?

II. Use5. Miêu t kinh nghi m, ko c n th i gian c th :ả ệ ầ ờ ụ ể• I have been to France.

(This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.)

• I have been to France three times.(You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.)

• I have never been to France.(This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.)

• Man has walked on the Moon. • Our son has learned how to read. • Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. • Scientists have split the atom. • He has never traveled by train. • Joan has studied two foreign languages. • A: Have you ever met him?

B: No, I have not met him.

II. UseCHÚ Ý: D u hi u nh n bi t: just, ấ ệ ậ ế

recently, lately, already, before, so far, still, ever, never, today, this morning/evening…, for weeks/years…, since 1980.

Past continuousPast continuous QUÁ KH Ti P Di NỨ Ế ỄQUÁ KH Ti P Di NỨ Ế Ễ

I. Form(+) S + was/were + Ving.

• (-) S + was/were not + Ving.• (?) Was/were + S + Ving?

II. Use1. Miêu t hành đ ng đang x y ra trong QK, b 1 hành đ ng khác ả ộ ả ị ộ

chen ngang:• I was watching TV when she called. • When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. • While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. • What were you doing when the earthquake started? • I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm. • You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the

oven off. • While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. • Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane. • While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went

off. • A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?

B: I was snowboarding.

II. Use2. Miêu t 2 hành đ ng x y ra song song trong quá khả ộ ả ứ• I was studying while he was making dinner. • While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. • Were you listening while he was talking? • I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so

I made several mistakes. • What were you doing while you were waiting? • Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either. • They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having

a good time.

II. Use3. Miêu t b i c nh các s ki n x y ra trong QK ả ố ả ự ệ ả• The sun was shining and the birds were singing as

the elephants were coming out of the jungle. The other animals were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved very quickly. She was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice the hunter who was watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was running towards the river...

II. UseCHÚ Ý: D u hi u nh n bi t: ấ ệ ậ ế when,

while, as long as • Examples:

– I was studying when she called. – While I was studying, she called.

Present pefect Present pefect continuouscontinuous

Hi N T I HOÀN THÀNH Ti P Ệ Ạ ẾHi N T I HOÀN THÀNH Ti P Ệ Ạ ẾDi NỄDi NỄ

I. Form(+) S + have/has been + Ving.

• (-) S + have/has not been + Ving.• (?) Have/has + S + been + Ving?

II. Use 1. Miêu t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh và ti p di n đ n hi n ả ộ ả ứ ế ễ ế ệ

t i.ạ• They have been talking for the last hour. (= they are still

talking now) • She has been working at that company for three years. (=

she is still working for the company now and she will work more time in the future.)

• What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? • James has been teaching at the university since June. • We have been waiting here for over two hours! • Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last

three days?

II. Use 2. Miêu t hành đ ng v a x y ra, chúng ta quan tâm ả ộ ừ ả

đ n k t qu c a hành đ ng:ế ế ả ủ ộ• It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet). • Someone's been eating my chips (= half of them

have gone). • Have you been smoking ?(= you have smell of

smoke). • Have been running for hours? You look very tired

now..

II. Use 3. Dùng v i Lately và Recentlyớ• We often use 'lately' and 'recently' to

emphrasize the meaning of the sentence • Sam has been having his car for two years. Not

Correct • Sam has had his car for two years. Correct • I have been wanting to visit China for years. Not

Correct • I have wanted to visit China for years. Correct