The Actors Wear The Exotic Costumes From The Far East
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- 1. Chapter 7 Saving the Planet
- 2. Objectives
- Understand the main ideas
- Reading 1: Concerns global warming, a topic debated for many
years
- Reading 2: Concerns the importance of rain forests as potential
resources
- Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer
- Master key language points and grammatical structure in the
text
- Develop writing skills through reading
- 3. Reading 1
- Global Warming: Is There Still Room for Doubt ?
- 4.
- What do you already know about global warming?
Warm-up questions El Nino Flood Typhoon and Hurricane Polar
bear
- 5.
Carbon dioxide and Methane Emissions Drought
- 6.
- Try to match the word with its meaning and then check the
answers.
- 1. consensus a. person who has done wrong; offender
- 2. meteorological b. (of levels, or prices) move up and down;
be
- 3. culprit c. urge sb. or to do sth. on
- 4. feasible d. resist openly
- 5. discern e. inclined not to believe
- 6. fluctuate f. general agreement; collective opinion
- 7. skeptical g. those which are sent out or given off
- 8. emissions h. of meteorology (science of the weather)
- 9. spur (verb) i. see clearly (with the eyes or with the
mind)
- 10. defy j. that which can be done
Vocabulary Check
- 7. Learning strategy
- 1. Using graphic organizer to discriminate two different
assertions on global warming, for example, you can organize them in
the following graphs:
Lee R. Raymonds Assertions The world isnt warming If it were, oil
and gas wouldnt be the cause No one can predict the future
temperature
- 8. IPCC Assertions Temperatures are rising Carbon dioxide is
the main cause of greenhouse effect by human activity IPCC predicts
temperature could rise 2 to 6 F by 2100
- 9.
- 2. Using pictures to illustrate global warming phenomena like:
greenhouse effect; El Nino; Typhoon; Hurricane; flood; drought;
temperature rising.
- 10. Task 1 Step a: The class is to be divided into 4 groups.
Each group will be reading one part of the passage.
- Group 1: Part I Para. 1-4
- Group 2: Part II Para. 5-8
- Group 3: Part III Para. 9-14
- Group 4: Part IV Para. 15-23
- 11.
- Summarize the main idea of the part your group read, using your
own words.
- Use graphic organizer techniques to tell your group mates the
assertions about the global warming (skeptics and/or IPCC), and try
to find out the possible reason why each of them would say so.
Step B: Finish the subtasks below through cooperating with your
group mates.
- 12. Task 2: The class is regrouped. One student from each group
will form a new group. (Jigsaw activity). With you new group mates,
everyone is expected to:
- Share the main idea of the part you read.
- Show the graphic organizer youve made to your new group mates
to exchange the information you get from the part you have
read.
- Group discussion: Each student has to give an oral presentation
to the group; the group leader has to record and report the group
summary to the whole class (the leader of each group will be
changed in turn in order that everyone can get a chance to speak in
the class).
- 13. Language study 1. Many others in industry and government
are skeptical of threats posed by global warming, (Para. 2, Reading
1) skeptical (sceptical) given to doubt; questioning e.g. He
listened to me with a skeptical expression. 2. Japan and Europe are
pushing for even steeper cuts. (Para. 4, Reading 1) push sb. for
sth. ( ) e.g. We are pushing them for an answer to our
request.
- 14. 3. Its a look at the state of the art . (Para. 7, Reading
1) state of the art advance or progress e.g. Everybody seems to
have experienced the state of the art of forecasting weather. 4.
Literally thousands of people wind up reading these things (Para.7,
Reading 1) wind up finish , e.g. Its time for him to wind up his
speech.
- 15. 5. thats what the IPCC was charged with studying (Para. 8,
Reading 1) be charged with e.g. He was charged with an important
mission. 6. Leaping to cut this tiny sliver of the greenhouse pie
defies common sense, (Para. 10, Reading 1) , leap to do e.g. Dont
leap to leave your seats before I wind up what I am saying.
- 16. 7. The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human
influence on global climate, (Para. 11, Reading 1) , , balance e.g.
The balance of opinion is on my side. 8. But initial screening can
now be done in a matter of days without using animals. (Para. 13,
Reading 1) , a matter of days / minutes etc. / e.g. When someone
dialed 110, the police arrived on the criminal spots just in a
matter of minutes .
- 17. Comprehension of the text 1. What position does Exxons CEO
take in this article? The CEO of Exxon is skeptical that the world
is warming or that oil and gas consumption is to blame if it is. 2.
What position does the articles author take? His position can be
inferred as supporting the data that suggests human activity is
warming the planet. He emphasizes that the consensus supports the
role of industrial pollution in global warming.
- 18. 3. What is IPCC? Who belongs to it? The IPCC is the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It was formed by the
World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations
Environment Program. 4. How do greenhouse gases affect the planet?
Greenhouse gases trap the sun's heat resulting in higher average
temperatures around the globe. 5. What do skeptics say causes
global warming? Why does the IPCC disagree? Skeptics blame the
greenhouse effect on carbon dioxide released from water vapor. The
IPCC disagrees, having gathered evidence that suggests that human
activity accounts for the 30% of carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
- 19. 6. By how much have temperatures risen since the 19th
Century, according to the IPCC? Since the 19th century,
temperatures at the earths surface have risen about half a degree
to1 degree F. 7. What a re the consequences of global warming?
Consequences of global warming including an additional temperature
increase of 2 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100, accompanied by a
sea-level rise of 6 to 38 inches, an increase in extreme weather,
and changes in frequency of flooding and drought.
- 20. Summary of Reading 1 Global warming has become one of the
most exhaustively debated subjects in science. The result is a
solid consensus on the scientific facts. In December, 1997, 160
nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to consider a treaty designed to curb
greenhouse gas emissions. The scientific consensus on global
warming comes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). The basics of global warming are simple. So-called
greenhouse gases--including carbon dioxide and methane--build up in
the atmosphere. The implication is that temperatures are rising.
The IPCC concluded that by 2100, temperatures could rise 2 to 6
degrees F; the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human
influence on global climate; overall global agricultural production
probably won't change; a possible increase in extreme weather could
batter coastlines and cost lives.
- 21. CNN: Medicine Hunters Watch the CNN video about the
medicine hunters, answer the questions in your textbooks, and then
try to retell the general meaning of the report with your group
mates.
- 22.
- Who are the medicine hunters?
- The medicine hunters are shamen natives who use thousands of
plants from the forest to treat illness.
- 2. What is this pharmaceutical company doing?
- The pharmaceuticals company is looking to nature to find new
drugs. They are sending ethnobotanists into the rainforest with the
medicine hunters to bring back plants that might be helpful.
- 23. . 3. Why are the rainforests so important? The rainforests
are so important because they contain many plants whose seeds,
leaves, and barks can be used to make effective medicines 4. What
kinds of medicine are made from rainforest resources? Medicines
made from rainforest resources include a treatment for respiratory
infections and one for herpes. Mainly the treatments are
anti-viral, anti-fungal, and pain medications.
- 24. Guided Retelling A pharmaceutical company is looking to
nature in order to find out some new drugs. They are sending
ethnobotanists into the rainforest with the medicine hunters, the
local people in the rainforest area, to bring back plants,
including the seeds, leaves, and barks, that can be used as
effective medicines. The rainforests are so important because they
are abundant in medicine resources which could cure the patients of
their respiratory infections, herpes with the function of
anti-virus, anti-fungus, and even the pain.
- 25. Reading 2
- 26. Language study 1. proceedings: a sequence of events
occurring at a particular place or occasion; e.g. They watched the
proceedings from a ringside seat. 2. paramount: of chief concern or
importance; e.g. This duty is paramount to all the others. 3.
exotic: unusual or different; excitingly strange; e.g. The actors
wear the exotic costumes from the Far East. 4. obscure: to make dim
or indistinct; e.g. Smog obscured our view.
- 27. 5. smear: to spread on something; e.g. She smeared suntan
lotion on my face and arms. 6. concoct: to prepare by mixing
ingredients, as in cooking; concoct a splendid meal; concoct an
excuse for being late 7. recipe: a medical prescription; art of
cook; e.g. In the recipe , it says that I must use two eggs. 8.
forgo: to give up; e.g. The little girl is unwilling to forgo
dessert. 9. filial: befitting a son or daughter ( ); e.g. He is
filial to his parents.
- 28. 10. myriad: constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable: the myriad life of the metropolis; the myriad fish in
the ocean 11. combat: to oppose in battle; fight against; e.g. The
police are now using computers to help combat crime. 12. impetus:
an impulse; e.g. The treaty will give an impetus to trade between
the two countries. 13. stint: a fixed amount or share of work
allotted. e.g. A teacher has to finish his daily stint . , (of)
SEE: task
- 29.
- (1) Skimming, (2) Reading (own pace), (3) Reading for
detail
- 2. Look at Rainforest Remedies. You are going to read the
following passage three times. Refer to the board. The first time
students are going to skim the passage. Read the first paragraph,
the first sentences of the other paragraphs, and the last
paragraph, look for names, dates, and numbers. Give the students
one minute to skim the passage.
- 3. This time, read the entire passage at your own pace, paying
attention to main points. Give the students sufficient time to read
the passage.
- 4. This time, read the passage and try to notice as many
details as possible. Give the students sufficient time to read the
passage.
Getting Ready to Read Procedures
- 30. Comprehension of the text
- 1. Who is Salome Isofea? What does she do?
Salo me Isofea is a native healer. She uses centuries' worth of
knowledge about healing powers of plants in the rainforest to treat
people. 2. Who is Paul Alan Cox? What does he do? Paul Cox is an
ethnobotanist, or someone who studies the relationship between
plants and people. He is trying to learn about the remedies of
native healers and categorize plants in the rainforest. He is also
a botany professor and dean at the Brigham Young University in Utah
and a world specialist in medicinal plants.
- 31.
- 3. Why is Professor Cox called Nafanua?
Professor Cox, like the legendary goddess, is working to save the
village from oppression and protect its forests. 4. What is
pterygium? What is Isofeas cure? Ms. Isofea treats Pterygium an eye
affliction common to the tropics, in which vision gradually become
obscured as a layer of tissue encroaches over the cornea by chewing
leaves of Centella asiatica , a ground-hugging vine, into a
poultice that is then smeared onto a cloth and applied to the
afflicted eye for three consecutive nights. In addition, she flicks
ashes at the patient to enhance spiritual transmission.
- 32.
- 6. How do most traditional healers learn their skills?
5.What is Coxs opinion of her healing methods? Cox is skeptical but
keeps an open mind about Isofea's healing methods belief in the
ashes Isofea uses is comparable to Western faith in doctor's
uniforms. The skills for traditional healers are passed down from
one generation to the next.
- 33. 7. Why are traditional healing arts important? 8. What do
pharmacologists do? Traditional healing arts are of great
importance to modern medicine because of the plants used Myriad
chemical compounds contained in rainforest flora might help combat
incurable diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and Alzheimer's.
Pharmacologists study drugs, including their composition, uses and
effects.
- 34. Summary of Reading 2 Cox, a botany professor, scours the
world's flora in search of plant s that will benefit Western
medicine. He spent years in Samoa interv iewing or apprenticing
himself to traditional healers. If the knowledge of the recipes can
be carried to the developed world in the form of plants whose
chemical compounds might help combat incurable diseases--notably
cancer, AIDS, and Alzheimer's. The drive is intensifying to collect
and screen more natural products for their medicinal effects. Major
technological advances in screening processes have helped Cox and
other ethnobotanists immensely Pharmacologists must analyze a lot
of chemical compounds before finding one with the potential to be
tested for efficacy in humans. As a result of these advances, drug
companies and scientific institutions are collaborating on field
research all over the globe, racing to study as many natural
substances as possible. Cox holds that it is very necessary to help
native people understand the wealth of their heritage so that they
will want to preserve it.
- 35. Although classroom activities are very important for
teacher-students FTF pedagogic process, still, social practice
should be encouraged to adopt for students extracurricular
activities, say, to find service learning opportunities. Service
learning refers to opportunities to volunteer in the nearby
communities. These are not just volunteer jobs, but positions that
allow students to teach and learn. For example, a local coaching
center might need English tutors, or a travel agency might be
looking for bilingual tour guides. By teaching and participating in
a new learning environment, students will improve their language
and academic skills. Academic power strategy
- 36. Writing Skills
- Develop a clear point of view in your research writing to make
it more logic and interesting
- 2. Learn to write effective conclusions in order to make your
writing more effective
- 37. Model writing: The sentences in most well written
paragraphs may be analyzed into three general functions. First,
there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish
the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. Second, there are
paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various
kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraph
introducers. Third, there are paragraph terminators, which
logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a
psychologically satisfying manner. Not all pieces of writing will
conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs
usually contain some combination of these three sentence types.
Youll find basic structures on the next slide
- 38. Topic: The sentences in most well written paragraphs may be
analyzed into three general functions. Development: a. paragraph
introducers b. paragraph developers c. paragraph terminators
Conclusion: Most successful paragraphs usually contain some
combination of these three sentence types.
- 39. Coherence of writing Gold, a precious metal, is popular for
two important characteristics. First of all , gold has a shiny
beauty that is resistant to rust. Therefore, it is suitable for
jewelry, coins and decorations. Gold never needs to be polished and
will remain beautiful forever. For example , a Greek coin remains
unchanged in color although it was minted twenty-three centuries
ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to
industry and science. For many years , it has been used in hundreds
of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is as heat
shields in astronauts' suits. In conclusion, gold is treasured not
only for its beauty, but also for its utility.
- 40. Transition Words for Conclusion consequently accordingly
eventually as a consequence finally as a result above all at last
at length by and large briefly hence in brief therefore in
conclusion thus in short on the whole in sum to speak frankly in
summary to sum up In a word to summarize
- 41. Academic Power Strategy for Writing (Avoid Plagiarism) The
fittest of survival is a famous doctrine from Darwin. When quoted,
you neednt state a specific source. What Is Common Knowledge? Give
students more example of plagiarism to avoid the use of it.
Teaching Tip Turn to page 139. How you can avoid plagiarism. Read
aloud the paragraph. Teaching Procedure To appropriate for use as
one's own passages or ideas from (another) Definition of
Plagiarism
- 42. Grammar You Can Use In writing, students should pay a close
attention to the making of the sentences, i.e. to make sentences
precisely and concisely and avoid repetition. There are eight
principles for improving the conciseness of your writing. Here are
4 of them you will learn.
- 43. He is very tall, or he is six feet tall. 3. He is really a
very tall man. (Weak modifiers) now 2. at this point of time (Empty
words) She seemed upset while trying to find her new book, as she
had just bought it. 4. When she was trying to find her new book,
she seemed quite upset. She had bought it recently. (Wordy phrase)
Its a new plan. 1. Its a novel new plan. (Redundant words) Concise
Wordy
- 44. Lets Write Do you think the ecology of the earth is
improving or getting worse? State your opinion and write an outline
for your argument. I. Ecology is getting worse on the global level
A. Greenhouse effects 1. increased number of private cars 2.
Diminishing forests B. Exhaustion of natural resources 1.
Over-fishing 2. Increasing demand of fuels C. Expansion of human
habitats 1. Population explosion 2. Growing of big cities
- 45. II. Ecology is improving in certain areas A. Natural
reserves B. Laws for protecting environment C. Economic use or
substitute of natural resources III. Conclusion (omitted)
Assignment and Comment Ask students to write an essay on the
outline they made about the ecology problem. They should write no
less than 200 words of it as an assignment. Give comments to both
strongpoint and shortcoming of their essays at the next lecture in
class.
- 46. Translation: The Art of Cross-culture Comprehension
Translation involves two basic skills: ability to read the source
language and ability to write in the target language. How to bridge
the inter-culture gap between the two languages is a touchy problem
for most Chinese students, esp. in this cyberspace time. Only with
the proficiency of the both can you be eligible to work them
well.
- 47. Lets translate! E to C Let's not be too quick to canonize
Nike. Philip Knight, Nikes multibillionaire chairman and chief
executive, managed to generate a lot of positive press recently
when he announced that independent organizations would be allowed
to inspect the overseas factories that make his company's products,
that he would toughen the health and safety standards in the
factories, and that he would crack down on the use of child labor.
There is both merit and a lot of smoke in Knight's initiative. The
admission into the plants of truly independent observers from local
non-governmental organizations would be a great advance. If Knight
follows through in good faith on this promise, the working
conditions in the factories are likely to improve. And it will be
substantially more difficult for other large apparel companies to
resist similar pledges.
- 48.
- 49. ? C to E Dr. Gao Ever since my youngest sister came down
with hyperthyroidism her eyes have been bulging outward. She had
always been the most beautiful of all my sisters, but now her
eye-bulging problem has distressed her to no end. What I want to
know is: if her hyperthyroidism is successfully treated, will her
eyes go back to normal size? Will she come back to her beautiful
self again?
- 50. C to E Thank You for Your Attention! Good Luck!