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Network + TCP/IP :
b.eslamifar@gmail.com
www.linuxmotto.ir
TCP/IP TCP/IP OSI IPv6 IPv4 TCP/IP DHCP DNS TCP/IP TCP/IP Application
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protol/Internet Protocol
Protocol Suite TCP/IP
TCP, IP UDP ,ARP
ARPANET
TCP/IP
LAN segment LAN
:
OSI TCP/IP
DoD TCP/IP OSI -
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP -
TCP/IP TCP/IP Network Transport TCP/IP
TCPIP
TCP Transmission Control ProtocolTransport
connection oriented tcp handshake
sequencing checksumsflow control
ack tcp segment
encapsulate IP network IP
TCP Segment
TCP Segment -
TCP HeaderFlags ack syn
segment Source port Destination port
SEQ number ACK number
segment
TCP Handshake B syn A
SYN flag SEQ : : ACK
syn/ack B SYN ACK flag
B: SEQ A SEQ: ACK
ACK A A: SEQ B: ACK
TCP FIN flag
Establishing a TCP connection -
wireshark Relative SEQ and ACK numbers at top Absolute SEQ and ACK values at bottom, in hexadecimal
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)transport
transport connctionless
tcp
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
A UDP segment -
IP (Internet Protocol)
IP TCP/IP internetwork
router conncetionless
handshake tcp
IP (Internet Protocol)
IP datagram -
IP HeaderTTL Time to Live
hop ( ) ttl
IP
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)Network
/
Network congestion TTL :
ICMP
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Multicasting
Internet teleconferencing
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) IP MAC Address ARP Table ARP Cache
ip mac
arp
ARP ARP -D *
arp cache ARP -A
Arp cache
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)IP MAC
DHCP
IPv4
IPv4
)Network layer ()Physical network (
logical IP
octet
192.168.112.20:
IPv4
IP octet
Class A, Class B, Class C
- TCP/IP
IPv4 )E D (
: D
Multicasting : E
:
10.0.0.0 broadcast:
255.255.255.255
IPv4 A
) ( Network ID
) : ( B
) ( ) : (
C ) ( ) : (
IP 6
- IP
IPv4 Loopback
)127.0.0.1 (127 loopback
Windows ipconfig
Unix,Linuxifconfig
IPv4
ipconfig /all -
IPv4
ifconfig -a -
Subnet MaskTCP/IP )netmask (
subnet
IP segment
IP
)DHCP (
Subnetting ( )segment
IP
Subnetmask subnetting Supernetting
segment IP IP subnet
subnetmask -
IP
IP
IANA, ICANN, RIRs
ISP
/
IP Static ip address
)duplicate (IP
Bootp DHCPduplication
BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) application
IP MAC client IP
Dynamic ip address
BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)BOOTP
broadcast IP
MAC BOOTP server MAC MAC table
Client IP addressServer IP addressServer host name Default router IP address
BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)RARP
RARP/ RARP IP BOOTP ( )netmask
BOOTP DHCP DHCP
MAC IP ( BOOTP )
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) IP
application )BOOTP ( IETF
BOOTP
IP
DHCP ( ) laptop
TCP/IP
DHCP Leasing (IP lease )
Lease time
DHCP
DHCP Leasing
The DHCP leasing process -
DHCP lease lease
ipconfig /release ipconfig /renew
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) DHCP
private IP
IANA 169.254.255.255 169.254.0.0
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)APIPA
169.254.y.x
B subnetmask
APIPA
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)APIPA
: DHCPAPIPA
subnetAPIPA
DHCP static
IPv6 Ipng IP
IPv4 IPv6
IPv6
header IP
IPv6 IPv6 IPv4
: ) (: IP :
: : : :: :
IPv6
IPv6 IPv4 IPv6
IPv6 loopback
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 1 ::
)scope ( ( scope ) Unicast Multicast ( ) Anycast
IPv6 Unicast
Global Unicast Address 2000::/3 Unique local unicast address (Private address) FD00::/8 Link local address FE80, FE90, FEA0, FEB0 router dont send
this address outside network Multicast
FF02::1 All nodes on the link FF02::2 All router on link
IPv6 IPv4 IPv6
Prefix )Multicast: FF00 (
unicast, multicast, anycast
IPv6 1) static Do not use EUI-64
2) static Use EUI-64
3) Dynamic Statefull DHCPv6
4) Dynamic autoconfiguration conjunction with DHCPv6 stateless
EUI-64 BlockID:FFFE:DeviceID blockID seventh bit set to 1
Seventh bit in Universal/local (U/I) bit Example
6c:f0:49:b8:88:10 fe80::6ef0:49ff:feb8:8810/64
IP
TCP/IP
Telnet port number: 23 IPv4 host address: 10.43.3.87 Socket address: 10.43.3.87:23
telnet -
:
well-known
Dynamic / private port
-
8080 webserver
( )
Host Names DNS(Domain Name System)
Host Names and DNS (Domain Name System)TCP/IP
Host
Hostname
Domain NamesDomain
IP
Domain name)esfahan.ir (
Fully qualify hostnameHostname domain name
Domain Names
www.esfahan.ir: Top-level domain (TLD): ir Second-level domain: esfahan Third-level domain: www
Second-level domain
ICANN
Top-level domains -
Domain NamesICANN
Country codes domain name host
underscore
Hosts FilesARPAnet HOSTS.TXT
Hostname IP Host
Unix/Linux/ etc hosts
Windows hosts % systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc
Windows Hosts File
DNS (Domain Name System)
IP DNS
application
DNS Root server
Name servers (DNS servers)
193.178.203.3 www.esfahan.ir name resolution
Domain name resolution -
DNS (Domain Name System)Resource record
DNS
Name field Type field Class field Time to Live field Data length field Actual data
CCSF s Name Servers
DNS
name server Primary secondary
DHCP TCP/IP
DNS
Windows XP Internet Protocol - (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box
DDNS (Dynamic DNS) dynamic
IP
static
static
Application
Application ip tcp, udp
HTTP web Application
BOOTP DHCP
Telnet
host TCP/IP TCP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)TCP/IP FTP server
FTP client FTP
anonymous FTP
help
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)FTP client
MacFTP, WS_FTP, CuteFTP, SmartFTP FTP SFTP
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
FTPTFTP UDP
Connectionless
router ipphone
NTP (Network Time Protocol) UDP
udp connctionless
( )storage
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) Facilitates newsgroup messages exchange
Between multiple servers, users
Similar to e-mail Provides means of conveying messages
Differs from e-mail Distributes messages to wide group of users at once
User subscribes to newsgroup server host News servers
Central collection, distribution point for newsgroup messages
PING (Packet Internet Groper) ICMP
echo reply echo requeste IP
ping Hostname IPPing loopback
TCP/IP
PING (Packet Internet Groper)
ping
ping -
:
b.eslamifar@gmail.com : PersianNetworks
Network+ Guide to Networks Tamara Dean:
http://samsclass.info
.GFDL
http://forum.persiannetworks.com/blogs/tolstoy/http://www.linuxmotto.ir/http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
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