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Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
M. Kämpf, C. Napierala, J.W. Kantelhardt
DPG Frühjahrstagung 2012 - 29. März - Berlin
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Institut für PhysikFG für Theoretische Physik
SOE 18.1
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Measurement of Crowd Properties :
London - Lord Mayors Show 2011
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Introduction :
• We study crowd dynamics and information flow during evacuation processes.
• We are focused on the flow of information and on quality of information in a system without any centralized communication and control infrastructure.
• We want to meassure, what can be known inside such a self organized system at any time and place and how this knowledge can be distributed efficently.
Lord Mayor ShowLondon - 2011
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Extended Properties
Dynamic Lattice Structure
Social Network
Communication Network
• all elements have the
same properties
• only simple interactions
• no interaction with the
area, accept of walls
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
A Complex System ?
• Such a system consists of fairly simple components.
• We can not analyze the properties of agent-structure-information-interactions by decoupling these aspects.
• As it is a Complex System - we are looking for emerging properties / phenomena which are not obviously visible by looking on isolated parts.
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Our approach :
A lattice gas model is combined with an agent based simulation
• simple geometry, extendable to real world like structures
• agents movement is limited to 6 directions in space and to one movement per time step
• agents move according to simple rules based on properties of the area and their knowledge
• information flow is modeled as an additional layer on top of the agents' movement based on epidemic models
Density: 3%, 9%, 30% 95%
restricted
area
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Context of our Research :
• Real world data sets for comparison of results
–Evacuation exercise at University Krakow
–Note Bianca in Malta
– Lord Mayor's Show London
• Comparison with epidemic models
–SIR and SIS model
• Numerical Simulations in a discrete space
– compared with results from continous space model
• Construction of interconnected networks
–Building structure, and ad-hoc connected agents
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
S = susceptible, I = infectious, R= Recovered
• Valid for a large numbers of individuals
• Nonlinear system
• No generic analytical solution
Epidemic Models : SIR & SIS Model
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Meassurement of Infection RatioIn
fection R
atio
Infe
ction R
ate
We count the number of infected
(or: informed) agents
For an intermediate fit interval
the average slope is determined
numericaly
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
First results : Rate of Infection (low density)
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
First results : Rate of Infection (high density)
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Conclusion:
• Information flow has a strong dependence on the density of agents with communi-cation devices, but hardly depends on the structure of the building.
• Different communication strategies influence the information flow more than a restricted geometry.
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Quality of Information :
View of an agent :
How does the quality of information availableto an agent evolve in time?
General view :
What amount of truth can be known at a certain point in space and time?
What parameters affect this information?
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Outlook: Interconnected NetworksFrom "Lattice Gas Model" to a Network
– collective properties of all places in a stairway define the edge properties
– possible flow on a crossing point defines node properties
Combined Networks
– lane-network and communication network are inter connected by the agents which are walking within the lane network but rely on the information transmitted through the communication network.
SOE 18.1 - Simulation of dynamical information spread during pedestrian evacuation
Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg · Institut für Physik · FG Theoretische Physik
Mirko Kämpf
Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
Institut für Physik
Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1
06120 Halle
Germany
phone: (+49) 345 55 25447
fax: (+49) 345 55 25446
e-mail: mirko.kaempf@physik.uni-halle.de
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