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Seite 1
Energy Efficient Building Envelope Kiev, 13.5.2010
Dr.‐Ing. R. Himmler
energydesign stuttgart –Ingenieurgesellschaft mbHGropiusplatz 10 70563 StuttgartGermany
www.energydesign‐st.comrobert.himmler@energydesign‐st.com
Seite 2
Cooperation
m-g-hingenieure + architekten GmbH
stuttgart
Working Group
Energy Efficient Pilot Project Ukraine ‐ Structure
Consultancy
Consultancy
Contracted forImplementation
Building OwnerArchitect
Structural EngineerHVAC Engineer
Contractor
Building Design Team
Ministry for Construction
Ministry for Environment
Energy Efficient Pilot Project
Design
Seite 3
Development of energy‐efficient buildingconcepts during the planning stage and implementation
Objectives of the „Energy Efficient Pilot Project“
Awarness‐raising within the relevant national and municipal institutions, associations, chambers and the general public
Training and instruction of architects, engineers, municipalities and constructioncompanies
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Berlin Kiev Abu Dhabi
Building Envelopes – Nowadays
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Hot and Humid Climate
Seite 6
Cold and Dry Climate
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Traditional Buildings in Ukraine
sufficientwindow/wall area
passive shading system
thermal insulation
CO2 neutralenergy supply
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SQ
Solar
Qi
Internal Gains
T
T
Q
Q
Transmission
VQ
Ventilation
Qh (Heating Demand)=Qh=
( QS Qi )+ηHeat Gains
+ -QT QV
Heat Loss -
Energy Balance of a Building
Seite 9
30 %
20 %
50 %
50 %
Ventilation
QV
internalQ i
50 %Trans‐mission
QT
HeatingDemand
Q h
Heating
Energy [k
Wh/m
2 ]
NutzbareGewinne
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Heat Losses ‐ Heat Gains = Heating Demand (Qh)
passiv‐solarQS
Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS
Heating Demand – Energy Balance
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Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS
Compact Building Design ‐ Surface‐to‐Volume Ratio
A Area of Building Envelope
V Volume of Building
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Source: AAA Architects
A/V = 0,24
Kiev, Sherbakova
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Building Orientation
avoid high plants (e.g. trees)
Southwest Southeast
N
Shading Angle 15°
Passive solar gains ‐ shading
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• Stepping of Buildings• Roof Forms
Passive solar gains ‐ shading
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Urban City Design – Considering Orientation of the Buildings
Heating Demand
Solar Gains
Appartment Area
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Solarisation of Urban Planning ‐ Passive House Neighbourhood Ulm
SOUTH
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1 Solar Radiation in Summertime2 Solar Radiation in Wintertime3 Terrasse4 Living Room5 Storage Room6 Massiv Walls (Heat Storage)7 Stone Floor (Heat Storage)
Heating
Que
lle: M
. Tre
bers
prun
g, N
eues
Bau
en m
it de
r Son
ne
6
Shading inSummer
Solar Heatingin Winter
Solarhaus des Sokrates (469 ‐ 397 v. Chr.)
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Roller Shutter ‐ Examples
Advantages:‐ improves thermal comfort‐ reduces cooling demand‐ blinds‐ burglar protection
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Thermal Insulation: Roof, Walls, Floors
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monolithic
thermal insulationcomposite system
light‐frameconstruction sandwich
Wall types
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U‐Value U‐Value[W/m²K] [W/m²K]
Wall 10 cm < 0,45 30 cm < 0,15also monolithic
EnEV‐Standard Passive House
Roof 16 cm < 0,35 40 cm < 0,1
Windows 2‐fach < 1,70 3‐fach < 0,8
Comparison of Insulation Standards
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Only Good Quality during the Construction Process Guarantees Good Results!S
ourc
e: S
toC
rete
cS
ourc
e: H
asit
ThermalInsulation
Adhesive
Wall
-15°C 20°C 20°C-15°C
0°C
QT QT
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very bad,heat bridges can lead tocondensation and mould
better optimised solution
Heat Bridges
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conventionalsolution
improvedsolution
Example: connection wall ‐ floor
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Standard Frame covered by insulation
Frame shifted into insulation layer
Ψ= 0,55
W/(mK)
Reduce Heat Bridges!
Ψ= 0,12
W/(mK)
Ψ= 0,03
W/(mK)
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Heat bridges lead to condensation and mould
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Air Tight Building Envelope
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air tight:
• plaster
• concrete
• steam brake / plastic
• wood
• glazing / window frames
not air tight:
• thermal insulation
• foam insulation
• brick wall
Which materials are air tight?
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Example for damaged steam brake
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concept
comissioning
design
construction
Quality Control during Design, Construction and Commissioning
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pressuredifference: 50 Pa
leakage
ventilator
n50 limit defined by German standard DIN 4108
Blower‐Door‐Test
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Thermography for Quality Control of the Facade
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Summary
• adapt the building envelope to the climate
• plan compact buildings with low A/V ratio
• increase passive solar heat gains through windows with south orientation
• don‘t forget sun shading and passive cooling strategies, avoid HVAC
• thoroughly plan a thermal insulation and air tightness strategy
• pay attention to construction details (heat bridges, air leakage)
• teach the craftsmen and carry our construction site inspections
• check the building quality with blower door tests or thermography
Seite 33
Heat Pump Workshop: 23.6.2010
Thank you for
your attention!
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