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Dutch Power Energy Storage workshop 10 mei 2011
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Energy storage for energy consumers
Matchen van wensen en mogelijkheden
DutchPower symposium over Energieopslag
Frits Verheij, 10 mei 2011
2
Energy storage for energy consumers
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
3
Focus in the energy market is changing …
Affordable
I I II
4
… but how to keep the ‘triangle’ in balance?
With billions of energy consumers, having different needs …
… which might change during the energy transition phase?
5
The balancing act of energy storage
Energy
management
Increase of (varying) RES + DG
Ageing assets (grids + power plants)
Coupling of electricity, heat (and
cold), and transportation
Fuel shift due to electrical vehicles,
heat pumps, etc.
Increase of luxury resulting in higher
peak loads
Increasing dependency on delivery
Storage facilities (electricity, heat,
gas) integrated at home/offices/…
More need for preventing grid
overloading, voltage support,
frequency control, PQ
Increase of energy trading, e.g. on
the balancing market
Uncertainty of dealing with energy
storage in a regulated market
Su
pp
ly
Ph
ysic
al
Dem
an
d
Mark
et
6
Electricity networks of the future including energy storage
7
The Electricity Warehouse™
8
Energy storage for energy consumers
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
9
Energy storages at three levels in the electric power system
Generation
Community Scale
25-100 kW devices sited on the low
side of the distribution substation
Utility Scale
250 kW to 2 MW modules with an
emphasis on renewables and
ancillary services
Bulk Storage
Above 50 MW, e.g.
Pumped Hydro & CAES
10
Electricity storage system ratings
11
Suitability of technologies for single applications
Technology Pumped Hydro
D-CAES A-CAES Hydro-gen
NaS Flow Lithium-Ion Lead-Acid
Maturity ++ + 0 -- + - + ++
Ap
plic
atio
n
Arbitrage
Balancing
Suitable Pooling Mechanisms needed
e.g. via Smart Energy Black-start
Flexibility of thermal power plants
Islanding
T&D-Deferral
Industrial peak shaving
Residential storage
Economically
Attractive
Cost Reduction
Necessary
Economically
Mid-Term Attractive
Data Source:
BCG and EASE
12
Applications at community scale
Transportation
– Plug-in hybrid vehicles
– All electric vehicles
Consumer products
– Refrigerator / freezer
– Boilers
– Power tools
– Mobile phones
13
Energy storage at three levels – part 2
• Heat and cold storage
• Geothermal e-storage
• …
• Boiler
• Mass of buildings
• Phase change material
• …
• Soil heat exchange
• Thermo-chemical storage
• …
• CAES
• Pumped hydro
• …
• Gas-field
• Gas grid
• …
• Battery
• Flywheel
• …
• Gas tank storage
• …
• Battery
• Flywheel
• Super capacitor
• …
• Gas tank storage
• …
Large scale Medium scale Small scale
Ga
s
Ele
ctr
icity
He
at
14
Energy storage for energy consumers
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
15
More flexibility is needed, some options
1. Fast controllable centralized power generation,
including curtailment of e.g. wind power
2. Increase interconnection capacity
3. Smart ‘local’ energy, i.e. integration of DG, demand
response, and active participation of end-users
4. Energy storage
16
Energy storage adds value to energy sector
T&D:
Asset management
Voltage control
Power quality
Grid stability
Trade & Power Generation:
Control / load following
Energy management
Peak generation
Load levelling
System operations:
Frequency control
Spinning reserve
Balancing
End use (industry) :
UPS / Ride Through / Shut down
Peak shaving
Optimization of energy purchase
by load shifting
Reactive power
Renewables:
Decoupling demand
and supply
Absorb unpredicted
fluctuations
Control and
integration
17
Some Remarks
Storage has the ability to provide more than one
service and can therefore (potentially) benefit from
more than one revenue stream
The main competitor for energy storage is not a gas
turbine or another storage system but the realization
of demand side management (DSM)
Markets & Regulations don’t lead but follow, so
timing is important
The early bird catches the worm!
18
Which, where, when, what?
Questions that need to be answered:
Which type and size of storage is required?
Where on the network should storage be installed?
When should the storage system be charged /
discharged?
What are the costs and benefits?
Demand and DG Network Storage ? ? ?
19
There is no one answer
Storage systems can be applied for many different
purposes
The optimal location, type and size of storage
system to be used depends on many factors
The more functions the storage system needs to
fulfill, the more complex the decision making process
Modeling can support this process, demonstration
can show the practical value
20
Large-scale Energy Storage in NL
1. The balancing act of energy storage
2. Applications of energy storage at various levels
3. Energy storage enables growing need for flexibility
4. Practical examples show value of energy storage
21
Introduction of GROWDERS
EC funded under 6th Framework Programme
Goal: To demonstrate the technical and economical
possibilities of existing electricity storage technologies
– Realization of Transportable Flexible storage systems
– Realization of an Assessment tool for optimal distribution
network management
– Description of conceptual directions for EU regulatory
framework
Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Transportable Storage
22
GROWDERS – Test sites
Test Site A Test Site B
Test Site C
Test Site D
Location Chambery Zamudio Zutphen Mannheim
Country France Spain Netherlands Germany
Storage technology Li-ion battery Li-ion battery Flywheel Li-ion battery
+ Flywheel
Energy Rating 40 kWh 40kWh 0.9kWh 40 kWh +
0.9 kWh
Max. Power Rating 50kW 10kW 160kW 10kW, 50kW,
160kW
23
LS RAIL 40.401.00
-150.20
GE HKL0.401.00
-150.20
Sectie Kast 20.401.00
-150.20
Sectie Kast 10.401.00
-150.20
MS rail 410.001.000.00
V
VDC STOR_002
0.000.000.00
V
VDC STOR_001
0.000.000.00
ST
OR
_0
02
0.00-0.000.00
ST
OR
_0
02
0.000.000.00
ST
OR
_0
01
0.00-0.000.00
ST
OR
_0
01
0.000.000.00
ST
OR
_0
03
0.00-0.000.00
ST
OR
_0
03
0.000.000.00
V
VDC STOR_003
0.000.000.00
Koppeling
45.4111.9367.82
Koppeling
-45.41-11.9367.82
Lin
k 1
Lin
k 1
Lin
k 4
Lin
k 4
Trf
39
2
45.4112.092.71
Trf
39
2-45.41-11.9367.82
Lin
e 7
3 (
Gro
en
)
6.191.739.29
Lin
e 7
3 (
Gro
en
)
-6.19-1.739.29
Lin
e 2
26
(P
aa
rs)
12.973.11
19.27
Lin
e 2
26
(P
aa
rs)
-12.97-3.1119.27
Lin
e 3
9 (
Ro
ze)
15.094.23
22.64
Lin
e 3
9 (
Ro
ze)
-15.08-4.2222.64
Lin
e 3
(B
lau
w)
11.152.8616.63
Lin
e 3
(B
lau
w)
-11.15-2.8616.63
Link 402Link 402
Lin
k 4
03
Lin
k 4
03
Roelofs
45.41 kW12.09 kvar
0.97
DIg
SIL
EN
T
Electrical model in PowerFactory
Term216Term257Term336Term158Term191Term174Term276Term177Term142Term81
ST
OR
_0
12
0.73-0.001.07
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
13
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
11
0.73-0.001.07
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
10
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
09
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
08
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
07
0.73-0.001.07
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
06
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
ST
OR
_0
05
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
V
VDC STOR_013
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_012
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_011
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_010
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_009
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_008
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_007
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_006
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_005
0.730.001.02
V
VDC STOR_004
0.730.001.02
ST
OR
_0
04
0.73-0.001.06
-0.730.00-1.02
DIg
SIL
EN
T
2 x 180kWh batteries
1 x 0.83kWh flywheel
10 x 5kWh batteries
Point of overload
B1 B2 F1
B3 B12
GROWDERS flywheel
24
Test site Bronsbergen (Zutphen)
25
Results of test at Bronsbergen (Zutphen)
Positive
Flywheel system passed all tests
All initial problems – like communication problems – have
been solved
Flywheel and inverter did work well
Harmonic compensation worked perfectly
Reactive power supply was OK
Islanding mode worked perfect
Negative
Noisy system
Power losses of the system
26
PowerMatching City (part of INTEGRAL) A living lab Smart Grid demonstration
Sponsors:
27
Full Concept Smart Grid Solution
28
Smart Appliances - Freezer
29
Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
30
Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
31
Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
32
Reduction of Solar Power Imbalance
→ Surplus of Solar Power Results in low Price
33
Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)
34
Reponse of HHP systems (buffer levels) Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)
35
Response of HHP systems (buffer levels)
→ With a surplus of Solar Power the Hybrid
Heat Pumps Switch on
36
Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)
37
Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)
38
Response of mCHP systems (buffer levels)
→ Buffers follow the Price Signal Correctly
Thank you for your attention
Frits Verheij
T +31 26 356 2445
frits.verheij@kema.com
www.kema.com
Energy storage for energy consumers
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