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Soil and top layer conditioning
Ottevaere DavyTerraCottem bvba
www.terracottem.com
How can we improve the soil physical properties?
1. Zand = noodzaak in toplaag !
2. Juiste zand = belangrijk !
3. Zand heeft:
a) Voordelen:
• grote doorlaatbaarheid,
• weinig compactie;
b) Fysische, biologische en chemische beperkingen:
• lage retentie voor water en nutriënten,
• geen structuur;
• …
National Sports Turf Day 2015… WHAT DO WE REMEMBER?
1. Zand = noodzaak in toplaag !
2. Juiste zand = belangrijk !
3. Zand heeft:
a) Voordelen:
• grote doorlaatbaarheid,
• weinig compactie;
b) Fysische, biologische en chemische beperkingen:
• lage retentie voor water en nutriënten,
• geen structuur;
• …
=> Nood aan fysische bodemverbetering
What is soil conditioning?
Products incorporated in the soil…
Improving its physical and/or chemical features…
To compensate a feature which can be limiting to plant development…
Sand allows high percolation
= requirement: football is a winter sport
=> water excess due to:
- low evapotranspiration;
- high rainfall;
Sand? Because…
% particles < 0,05mm
Ks (mm/h)Sand? Because…
Effect of small soil particles
(loam & clay) on saturated
hydraulic conductivity
Zand heeft een hoge doorlatendheid
= nodig, want voetbal is een wintersport
=> overdaad aan water door:
- lage evapotranspiratie;
- veel neerslag
Sand? Because…
Invloed van fijne deeltjes
(leem & klei)
op die doorlatendheid…
% particles < 0,05mm
Ks (mm/h)
8% silt => Ks: 28,5 mm/h
10% silt => Ks: 19,5 mm/h
= 1 bucket per m² per hour !!!
Zand heeft een hoge doorlatendheid
= nodig, want voetbal is een wintersport
=> overdaad aan water door:
- lage evapotranspiratie;
- veel neerslag
Sand? Because…
Remark: adding too much organic matter will also have a negative effect on water percolation
=> GANDA: 2-3% (max. 5%)
Zand heeft een hoge doorlatendheid
= nodig, want voetbal is een wintersport
=> overdaad aan water door:
- lage evapotranspiratie;
- veel neerslag
Zand heeft een hoge doorlatendheid
= nodig, want voetbal is een wintersport
=> overdaad aan water door:
- lage evapotranspiratie;
- veel neerslag
Zand heeft een hoge doorlatendheid
= nodig, want voetbal is een wintersport
=> overdaad aan water door:
- lage evapotranspiratie;
- veel neerslag
Zand heeft een hoge doorlatendheid
= nodig, want voetbal is een wintersport
=> overdaad aan water door:
- lage evapotranspiratie;
- veel neerslag
Exaggerated?
Most likely , however…
November 2015: Qualifier Copa America postponed
Sand allows high percolation and high water storage,
=> Large pore spacing…
Sand? Because…
Sand allows high percolation and high water storage,
but has a too low water retention capacity !
Physical limitations…
pF - curve:
Relation between- the“force” that is holding the
water in the soil and- the volumetric percentage of
water present,
Suction force
100cm = WH
Sand
Suction force
100cm = WH
Clay
pF - curve:
Relation between- the“force” that is holding the
water in the soil and- the volumetric percentage of
water present,
Suction force
100cm = WH
pF - curve:
Relation between- the“force” that is holding the
water in the soil and- the volumetric percentage of
water present,Loam
Clay
Loam
Sand
Suction force
Field capacity = the amount of water held in the soil after excess water has drained away.
100cm = WH
Suction force
Field capacity: => sand… barely 7% !!!
Clay
Loam
Sand
Suction force
Wilting point: the percentage of water in the soil that is no longeravailable for the plant roots
Clay
Loam
Sand
Suction force
Wilting point: 2% of this 7% is not accessable for the grassroots
Clay
Loam
Sand
Suction force
Wilting point
Field capacity
7% - 2% = only 5%plant available water in a
sandy soil
5%
Clay
Loam
Sand
Suction force
Clay: 50% - 28% = 22%plant available water
22%
Clay
Loam
Sand
Zand
Suction force
Sand + TCTsoil conditioner
TerraCottem Turf – soil conditioning:
contains….hydroabsorbant polymers
Zand
Suction force
5%
Sand WITHOUTsoil conditioning
TerraCottem Turf – soil conditioning:
contains….hydroabsorbant polymers
Zand
Suction force
Sand WITH TCTsoil conditioning
25%
TerraCottem Turf – soil conditioning:
contains….hydroabsorbant polymers
= 25% more plant available water
Without decreasing top layer percolation;
The pF – curve:
Shifts to the right = more water (inside the polymers);
Sand WITH TCTsoil conditioning
Water Retention Capacity:
> 4000g H2O / 100g
= 25% more plant available water
Zand MET TCT -bodemverbetering
= 25% more plant available water
Without decreasing top layer percolation;
The pF – curve:
Shifts to the right = more water (inside the polymers);
Tilts = almost ALL water inside the polymers is plant available;
97,1 – 99,3% plant available water inside
the TerraCottem polymers
Sand allows high percolation and high water storage,
but has a too low water retention capacity!
Physical limitations…
Youtube/myterracottem
Although sand has a high resistance against compactation, it
doesn’t form aggregates and therefore lacks structure
Physical limitations…
Although sand has a high resistance against compactation, it
doesn’t form aggregates and therefore lacks structure
Physical limitations …
TerraCottem Turf – soil conditioning:
contains... humates and root growth stimulators
Although sand has a high resistance against compactation, it
doesn’t form aggregates and therefore lacks structure
Physical limitations …
Soil Sand 90/10 Sand 90/10 + TCT
Effect of application rate and depth of incorporation
When renovating…
No. TerraCottem Turf (g/m²) Depth (cm)
1 180 20
2 120 20
3 180 10
4 120 10
5 Control -
SYDNEY
120g/m² - 20cm
180g/m² - 20cm
Control
When renovating…
Effect of application rate
Control
120g/m² - 10cm
120g/m² - 20cm
When renovating…
Effect of depth of incorporation
When renovating using turf: faster establishment !
Sand is inert:
=> Little to no room, nor chemical bonding for water and nutrients
Physical limitations…
↔ Clay
TCT
Measured through CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) = the capacity of the soil to exchange positivelycharged ions with the soil solution; soil “fertility”;
Physical limitations…
Sand is inert:
=> Little to no room, nor chemical bonding for water and nutrients
san
dlo
amcl
ay
Zand is inert:
=> weinig tot geen ruimte, noch chemische ladingen om water en nutriënten
te binden
Fysische beperkingen…
CEC TCT
= 150
meq/100g
TerraCottem® Turf – soil conditioning:
contains… hydroabsorbant polymers and zeolite
When renovating also consider increasing the soil’s CEC
= better grass growth !
san
dlo
amcl
ay
Zand onteert aggregaten en heeft dus geen structuur
Fysische beperkingen…
TerraCottem® Turf – soil conditioning:
also contains… fertilisers and root growth stimulators
TCT - bodemverbetering:
- Hydroabsorberende polymeren
- Meststof
- Zeoliet
- Humaten
- Groeistimulatoren
Nadelen:
- Lage retentie voor water en nutriënten
- Geen structuur
Startmestof
And… renovation of goal mouths
TerraCottem @TerraCottem - 8 sep 2011
Goal mouth renovation – 3 months after seeding
#DePol #Gaanderen #Netherlands
x
And… renovation via hybrid systems = extra sandy top layer
And… renovation via hybrid systems = extra sandy top layer
And… renovation of other sports fields
And… renovation of other sports fields
And… renovation of other sports fields
Remember:
• Sand is a must !
• All “limitations” are easily avoided using
physical soil conditioning
58
Thank you !
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