Sistem pelinciran

SISTEM PELINCIRAN

(LUBRICATION)

INTRODUCTION TO LUBRICATION

INTRODUCTION

Wear is a major cause of material wastage, so any reduction of wear can effect considerable saving.

Friction is a principle cause of energy dissipation and considerable savings are possible by improved friction control

Lubrication is the most effective mean of controlling wear and reducing friction.

Lubrication as part of tribology, which is the science and technology of friction lubrication and wear

LUBRICATION PRINCIPLE Lubrication is introduced between two sliding solids by

adding a gaseous, liquid or solid lubricant at the sliding interface.

Lubrication is the process, or technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surface in close proximity

Make possible by interposing a substance calledlubricant between the surface

Function: To reduce friction and wear To carry away heat generated during the sliding process To carry away debris generated during the sliding process

FLUID MANAGEMENT

FLUID MANAGEMENT

Fluid management programs are being used to extend lubricant life and reduce disposal costs.

Four essential components in a fluid management program: Selection and purchase of the lubricant Lubricant monitoring during use Lubrication maintenance using processing

and refortification techniques Disposal of the spent lubricant

FOUR COMPONENTS IN FLUID MANAGEMENT

LUBRICATION SELECTION & PURCHASE

CRITERIA:a) Correct lubricant for applicationb) Premium lubricant is recommendedc) Lubrication meet equipment manufacturers’

recommendations and specifications.d) Good quality, reliable and proven lubricante) Good services from lubricant supplier

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FOUR COMPONENTS IN FLUID MANAGEMENT

LUBRICATION MONITORING PROGRAM

a) The purpose is to evaluate the condition of the lubricant and to detect early signs of equipment failure.

b) Analysis of the used oil can be used to extend lubricant life and establish oil change interval

c) This program mostly for large volume application of industrial lubricant. Example:

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Turbine / circulating CompressorsHydraulic Gear oils

FOUR COMPONENTS IN FLUID MANAGEMENT

LUBRICATION MONITORING PROGRAM

d) Small volume or once-through applications, need no monitoring

e) Result of monitoring tests can be used in some cases to correct conditions that are contributing to degradation of the lubricant.

f) Results of monitoring program should be assess dependent on the application and environment. Table 2.1 shows properties and condemning limit for most large volume application

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FOUR COMPONENTS IN FLUID MANAGEMENT

LUBRICATION MONITORING PROGRAM

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TABLE 2.1 – Condemning limits for used oil

FOUR COMPONENTS IN FLUID MANAGEMENT

LUBRICATION MAINTENANCE

a) Closely related with the monitoring programb) Can be define as corrective action when used oil

analysis show results exceed condemning limit (Table 2.1)

c) Some maintenance action is, filtration, additive replenishment or lubricant cooling system.

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FOUR COMPONENTS IN FLUID MANAGEMENT

DISPOSAL

a) Last step taken when monitoring results show oils is severely degraded and cannot be restore.

b) Option of disposal could be, recycling, burning, land-filling and re-refining.

c) Method of disposal will depend on local authority

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LUBRICANT PROTECTION

LUBRICANT PROTECTION

1) Protection of lubricant to ensure its longevity and satisfactory performance by proper handling and storage of lubricants.

2) Protection practice to prevent:a) Contamination of dirtsb) Contamination with excessive moisture or waterc) Exposure to extreme temperature

5 WAYS OF LUBRICATION PROTECTION

LUBRICATION PROTECTION

LOCATION & PERSONNEL

FACILITIES

LIGHTINGBULK STORAGE

FIRE PROTECTION

LOCATION AND PERSONNEL

Provide clean and well-lighted room

Provision for heating if expose to cold weather / environment

Assign trained personnel for inventory and dispensing

Provide clear label for each type of lubricant

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FACILITIES FOR HANDLING

Facility to ensure easy handling and proper storage arrangement

Facility design so that various type of lubricant is mixed

Handling equipment must keep clean and well maintained.

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Figure: Parallel rail for handling both full drums and empties

LIGHTING

Proper lighting ensure healthy and comfortable working environment

Proper records and monitoring can be done

Promote safety

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BULK STORAGE

Benefits:Improved efficiencyReduced handling costsReduced risk of contaminationSimplified inventory

Expensive investment:Each products required its own dedicated system

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BULK STORAGE

Bulk shipments can be done with tank trucks, car or tote bins.

Products should be inspected visually for clarity and cleanliness and viscosity check prior to unload.

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FIRE PROTECTION

Enforce strict rules for safety: No smoking area Allow specific trained personnel to have access Allow the used of sparking or arcing producing tool only

under the conditions of good ventilation Only allow minimum quantity of waste or wiping rags and

stored in metal container Oil dripped is prevented or cleaned up properly

Good safety features: Suitable fire extinguishing equipment are available Clean area

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LUBRICATION DEVICES AND SYSTEM

“ GOOD LUBRICATION IS SIMPLY PLACING THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF THE RIGHT LUBRICANT INTHE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME ”

Manual lubrication

LUBRICATING SYSTEM

Automatic lubrication

MANUAL LUBRICATION

Grease gun

Spraying type lubrication

Apply by hand

Compressed air / electrically powered lubrication equipment

AUTOMATIC LUBRICATION

Efficient

Reduce man-hours

Precise control lubrication application

Reduce material consumption

CENTRALIZED AUTOMATIC LUBRICATION SYSTEM Centralized automatic lubrication system can be

readily justified for the following reasons:

SAFETY

MORE EFFICIENT

LUBRICATION INCREASED

PRODUCTIVITY REDUCED

OPERATING COST BETTER

HOUSEKEEPING

SAFETY

• No climbing around machinery• No excess spillage around machines to

cause slippery• Difficult to access area due to location gas,

fumes or height

TYPES OF AUTOMATIC LUBRICATION SYSTEMS Automatic lubrication system generally fall into

below categories:

Oil mist system

Orifice control system

Injector system

Series- progressive

system

Twin lineDuoline system

Pump to point

systemZone control

system

Ejection system

Injection system

OIL MIST SYSTEM

Mostly used in high-speed precision service

Example:Grinding machineryWoodworkingAir craft compressor

Working principle: Injecting oil drop by drop into a stream of low

pressure air to circulate just enough oil to wet the operating surface

ORIFICE-CONTROL SYSTEM Use only oil as a lubricant with viscosity usually

limited to 300 SUS or less Orifice used to control the amount of lubrication

going into a bearing Best for small, single purpose machinery in a stable

environment. Generally cheap, and simple to design and install. Additional point can be added without disrupting the

original system Not suitable for area has vary temperature,

viscosity change as temperature change viscosity Single broken line will disable complete system.

INJECTOR SYSTEM

Can be used with oil and light greases,, usually limited to NLGI 1.

Working principle: Quickly pressurized main system line so that the lubricant on the discharge end of a spool can be injected into a bearing.

Pump capacity usually sized four times higher than the system’s requirement.

Easy system to design Additional lubrication point can be added without

disrupting original design. Broken line before any injector will disable complete

system

SERIES PROGRESSIVE SYSTEM

Can operate with either oil or grease (suggested minimum viscosity 100 SUS, maximum NLGI 2)

Provide positive displacement of lubricant by supplying each bearing with predetermined amount of lubricant before lubricating the next point.

Main characteristic, system will disable when a line become plugged.

Tamper resistant Complex design, expensive, require comprehensive

engineering study & required high skilled maintenance personnel

Additional point require re-design system