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소상공인 폐업 및 재창업사업자 실태조사

소상공인 폐업자 및_재창업자_실태조사

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1. 2. () 1- , , , , , 55,530 , 238,482 3 , , 2,784 3. - , , , , - , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , 4. 5. 6. 7. () 1- , , , , , 55,530 , 238,482 3 , , 2,784 8. - , , , , - , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , , 9. () (%) 1,908100.0 1,38672.6152 8.037019.4 10. () 1,879-2000 239 12.72000~2003 206 11.02003~2006 360 19.2 2006 253 13.5 2007 424 22.62008 397 21.1 11. ) ? 1 78.2 2 15.7 3 6.1(N=1,908) 100.0 1.2904 1.2961 1.2893 1.2919 12. ) ? 58.0 42.0(N=1,908) 100.0 () 1,386 15237059.665.8 48.640.434.2 51.4 13. ) ? 201.3 3026.0 4046.9 5021.9 60 4.0(N=1,908) 100.0 () 1,386 152370200.94.61.430 23.235.5 32.7 40 49.739.5 39.5 14. 50 22.4 18.4 21.460 3.92.05.1 ) ? 10.0 49.0 41.0(N=1,836)100.0 15. () 1,342 149345 10.77.48.7 49.044.3 50.7 40.348.3 40.6 16. ) ?( ) 05.3 18.7 222.0 343.4 415.7 5 4.8(N=1,836)100.0 17. () 1,356141345 04.76.4 7.0 18.38.5 10.7 2 20.0 29.1 27.2 3 44.8 41.1 38.6 4 16.8 12.1 13.0 55.42.8 3.5 2.82.6 2.5 ) ?( ) 053.6 115.3 213.4 37.8 45.2 5 4.8(N=1,907)100.0 18. () 1,385 1523700 47.769.7 69.21 17.37.910.52 15.07.210.038.37.25.946.33.91.655.43.92.7() 1.61.00.7 19. ) ? 2,500 24.3 2,500~5 29.6 5~1 15.8 1~2 14.2 2~3 5.6 3 10.5(N=1,285) 100.0 20. ()927111 2472,500 20.541.430.82,500~5 25.842.338.5 5~1 17.48.1 13.41~2 16.56.3 8.92~3 6.51.8 4.0 3 13.40.0 4.5 ()15,014.13,684.2 6,510.9 ) ? 2 6.1 2~4 20.2 4~6 22.5 6~8 14.3 8~1 8.1 1~2 19.7 2~3 4.8 3 4.4(N=1,285)100.0 21. ()1,192137 3342 7.2 4.4 2.7 2~4 21.123.415.9 4~6 22.621.223.1 6~8 11.921.219.8 8~1 7.010.210.81~2 20.213.120.42~3 4.9 4.4 4.5 3 5.0 2.2 3.0 ()8,559.3 8,123.4 8,237.4 22. ) , ? 39.0 29.5 2.4 2.5 5.1 20.6 1.0(N=1,528) 100.0 23. () 1104 120304 39.4 48.3 33.9 31.2 26.7 24.32.1 3.33.0 3.1 2.50.3 4.5 5.07.2 18.8 12.5 30.6 1.0 1.70.7 24. ) ?() 33.1 36.2 6.0 10.1 3.9 3.9 6.7(N=2,421) 100.0 25. ) ? 5 23.7 5~10 26.1 10~15 25.4 15~20 10.7 20 14.1(N=1,880)100.0 26. () 1,374 149357 5 14.452.3 47.35~10 27.624.8 20.710~15 27.216.8 22.115~20 13.02.75.0 20 17.83.44.8 11.46.06.7 27. 10~15 15~20 5 5~10 20 ( ) 181 11.0 16.621.0 12.2 39.2 885 20.9 25.827.5 12.0 13.9745 29.7 29.824.3 8.7 7.520 2373.9 21.74.30.0 0.030 493 41.6 31.220.9 5.5 0.8 40 880 18.2 28.328.4 13.6 11.550 409 13.0 18.327.1 11.2 30.360 7513.39.317.3 10.7 49.3 589 26.7 27.824.4 10.7 10.4 447 12.3 25.728.2 15.9 17.9 3636.1 19.422.2 5.616.7 3616.7 25.022.2 13.9 22.2 7839.7 17.917.9 11.5 12.8310 25.8 25.526.8 6.815.21526.7 20.026.7 13.3 13.3 28. ) ?() 3.4 32.0 4.2 3.0 0.6 13.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 7.1 5.1 19.9(N=2,392) 100.0 29. () 1,724200468 3.7 2.5 2.6 30.1 43.0 34.2 4.4 4.5 3.6 3.3 2.0 2.1 0.5 1.0 1.1 12.2 15.0 18.4 3.2 6.0 3.8 3.4 2.0 5.3 3.8 4.5 4.1 8.1 3.0 5.1 5.9 2.0 3.8 21.6 14.5 15.8 () 2027 0.0 40.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 7.4 7.4 3.7 0.0 0.0 11.1 25.9 30 616 3.4 32.8 4.2 3.1 0.8 13.6 3.6 5.0 4.1 5.5 4.5 19.3 401128 3.9 32.0 4.3 3.1 0.4 13.4 3.4 3.1 3.2 8.2 5.3 19.9 50 521 2.3 30.5 4.6 2.7 1.0 14.2 3.8 3.6 5.2 6.9 5.8 19.4 60 100 4.0 32.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 15.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 7.0 2.0 24.0 7503.1 31.5 3.2 3.2 0.4 12.7 3.2 3.6 4.5 6.8 5.5 22.4 5584.3 32.4 4.7 3.4 0.5 13.8 4.5 2.7 3.6 8.2 4.8 17.0 41 2.4 29.3 7.3 0.0 4.9 12.2 0.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 34.1 49 2.0 36.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 2.0 4.1 4.1 8.2 10.2 22.4 94 4.3 30.9 7.4 3.2 0.0 10.6 5.3 4.3 3.2 4.3 5.3 21.3 409 3.2 35.0 3.2 2.4 0.7 15.2 2.4 3.2 4.2 7.3 3.4 19.8 19 5.3 31.6 0.0 10.5 0.0 10.5 0.0 5.3 0.0 5.3 0.0 31.6 30. ) ?() 8.6 18.5 10.0 11.1 2.2 3.2 1.3 2.7 1.5 0.4 27.9 12.6(N=2,373)100.0 31. () 1,681 203489 6.113.8 15.1 16.621.7 23.7 9.012.8 12.1 10.614.8 11.2 2.70.51.2 3.32.03.7 1.31.01.2 3.23.00.8 1.80.50.8 0.40.00.4 30.222.7 22.1 14.67.47.6 32. ( ) 2256.7 18.7 9.8 11.6 2.2 3.6 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.0 25.8 17.8 1135 9.5 20.1 10.1 11.11.7 3.0 1.2 2.6 2.1 0.4 26.1 12.1 9287.9 16.7 10.2 10.72.9 3.6 1.1 3.2 1.2 0.3 30.6 11.620 287.1 14.3 17.9 14.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 21.43061110.3 16.77.9 13.1 2.6 4.3 1.5 2.6 2.0 0.2 28.0 11.0 401123 7.3 19.9 10.8 9.7 2.1 2.8 1.1 2.8 1.3 0.6 29.1 12.4505169.7 18.4 10.7 11.21.7 2.9 1.4 2.9 1.2 0.0 25.6 14.360 958.4 14.7 8.4 13.7 4.2 4.2 2.1 1.1 3.2 1.1 26.3 12.67569.5 19.6 9.5 11.1 1.1 3.3 1.3 3.6 0.8 0.5 26.9 12.85669.7 16.8 10.8 11.32.5 4.1 1.6 3.2 4.1 0.7 22.4 12.9 430.0 9.32.3 11.6 4.7 9.3 2.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 30.2 27.9 466.5 30.4 15.2 13.00.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 13.0 945.3 17.0 12.8 8.5 0.0 3.2 1.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 38.3 11.7 39511.1 22.58.9 10.9 0.3 2.8 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 30.6 11.1180.0 16.7 5.6 11.1 0.0 5.6 11.10.0 0.0 0.0 22.2 27.8 ) ? 250 66.1 250~5 0.2 5~1 1.0 1~2 4.6 2~3 6.7 3 21.3(N=1,635) 100.0 33. () 1,196136 303 250 70.750.755.1250~5 0.2 0.0 0.35~1 1.0 2.2 0.71~2 4.1 6.6 5.92~3 5.213.2 9.93 18.927.228.1() 1,747.4 1,580.1 2,066.7 34. 250 250 ~ 5~1~ 2~ 3 ( ) 5 1 2 3 168 63.1 0.6 0.0 7.7 5.423.2 759 67.6 0.3 1.2 4.7 8.417.8650 65.2 0.0 1.2 4.0 5.524.020 2181.0 0.0 9.5 4.8 4.8 0.030 421 64.1 0.5 1.2 4.3 7.822.1 40 773 67.7 0.0 0.8 4.5 6.720.350 350 63.7 0.3 1.1 5.7 6.023.160 7068.6 0.0 0.0 2.9 4.324.3 531 64.8 0.0 2.3 5.8 6.620.5 394 61.7 0.3 0.3 4.3 7.925.6 3265.6 0.0 0.0 6.3 6.321.9 3158.1 0.0 0.0 0.012.929.0 6873.5 0.0 1.5 2.9 7.414.7273 72.5 0.4 0.4 4.0 6.616.11154.5 0.0 0.0 9.1 9.127.3 35. ) () ? 15.0 0.9 32.8 18.0 , 3.5 0.6 19.9 ( ) 9.4(N=1,334)100.0 36. , ( ) 137 13.9 1.5 29.9 15.3 2.2 0.7 23.4 13.1 637 17.3 0.5 31.9 17.9 3.6 0.8 19.28.9 519 12.7 1.3 35.8 19.5 3.7 0.4 17.98.7 426 11.7 0.5 28.9 22.5 4.0 0.5 21.1 10.8 327 17.1 0.9 40.7 18.0 2.4 1.2 13.56.1 20 15.0 0.0 35.0 20.0 5.0 0.0 15.0 10.0 34 8.82.9 41.2 8.80.0 0.0 11.8 26.5 49 20.4 2.0 28.6 26.5 4.1 0.0 10.28.2 205 18.0 0.0 28.3 12.2 5.9 0.5 23.4 11.7 11 27.3 0.0 18.2 9.19.1 0.0 36.40.0 ) ? 40.0 32.8 4.7 11.8 5.1 5.6(N=1386)100.0 37. ) ? ( ) ( ) 6 51.0 6~12 18.6 12~18 13.1 18~24 2.2 24 15.2(N=1,362)100.0 38. ) ?() 2 5.2 2~4 13.8 4~6 20.7 6~8 10.0 8~1 7.1 1~2 29.0 2~3 8.3 3 6.0(N=1,319) 100.0 39. 2~ 4~ 6~ 8~ 1 ~ 2 ~ 23 4 6 8 123 ( ) 1386.523.2 32.6 8.72.918.1 4.33.6 6234.515.7 20.4 10.6 7.928.1 7.55.3 5215.8 9.2 18.4 9.47.332.4 9.87.74205.514.0 18.3 7.67.629.3 8.88.83225.315.2 21.4 13.7 7.825.8 6.54.3 2313.0 17.4 13.0 8.74.330.4 8.74.3 333.0 9.1 18.2 0.012.1 36.4 15.2 6.1 498.2 6.1 18.4 6.16.138.8 8.28.2 1955.118.5 25.1 12.3 4.625.6 3.15.6110.0 0.0 18.2 18.2 18.2 45.5 0.00.05194.811.2 22.4 9.46.731.2 7.76.64426.616.3 21.5 10.9 8.625.1 8.12.9 608.3 6.7 8.33.38.333.3 25.0 6.7 1573.819.7 20.4 12.1 5.126.1 5.17.6 671.511.9 17.9 13.4 7.532.8 6.09.0 744.112.2 17.6 6.82.735.1 8.113.5 40. ) ?() 250 45.0 250~5 0.1 5~1 0.5 1~2 5.4 2~3 10.1 3 36.9(N=1,148)100.0 41. 250~ 5~ 1~ 2~ 2503 51 2 3 ( ) 125 42.40.0 0.0 10.48.8 38.4 545 46.40.2 1.15.59.5 37.2 443 43.80.0 0.04.1 11.3 40.9383 38.10.0 0.56.3 13.3 41.8289 43.30.0 0.74.29.3 42.6 1729.40.0 0.00.0 11.8 58.8 2835.70.0 0.00.0 14.3 50.0 4146.30.0 2.47.34.9 39.0 173 57.20.0 0.66.49.2 26.6850.00.0 0.00.0 12.5 37.5454 45.80.0 0.93.78.1 41.4372 48.90.3 0.37.3 11.0 32.3 5044.00.0 2.02.06.0 46.0 138 32.60.0 0.09.4 14.5 43.56746.30.0 0.03.0 10.4 40.36743.30.0 0.03.0 11.9 41.8 42. ) , ? 26.1 (, ) 19.9 25.8 8.8 4.1 1.5 8.8 ( )5.1(N=1,897) 100.0 43. () 19724.9 9.632.0 6.67.61.5 7.110.7 88525.0 11.3 32.7 7.07.22.0 6.18.7 75722.3 10.6 35.9 7.78.22.1 4.98.360323.2 6.337.6 7.38.52.3 6.38.546619.5 15.0 34.1 8.46.43.4 4.38.8 296.913.8 34.5 3.424.1 0.0 13.8 3.4 4619.6 6.545.7 2.28.70.0 8.78.7 6832.4 13.2 23.5 10.3 7.40.0 2.910.3 29326.6 10.9 23.2 6.110.2 1.0 8.213.71717.6 11.8 41.2 17.6 0.05.9 5.90.075524.0 9.336.2 7.96.21.6 5.69.363724.8 12.1 31.4 7.58.21.1 5.79.3 8322.9 10.8 28.9 8.48.42.4 10.8 7.2 22024.1 10.5 34.1 5.08.63.6 7.76.410024.0 20.0 26.0 4.09.03.0 4.010.010217.6 2.945.1 7.89.84.9 2.98.8 44. ) ? 35.7 29.0 35.3(N=1,378)100.0 45. () 14339.9 28.0 32.2 65434.1 30.7 35.2 53836.6 27.1 36.243335.8 29.6 34.634339.4 36.7 23.9 2227.3 22.7 50.0 3435.3 29.4 35.3 5036.0 16.0 48.0 20733.8 23.7 42.51145.5 27.3 27.3 ) ?( 1,2 ) 1 2 2.4 3.2 15.310.1 27.115.0 16.813.9 9.4 16.7 5.2 12.9 10.516.2 2.3 3.2 ()11.28.7(1 : N=1,318/ 2 : N=1048)100.0 100.0 46. () / 137 0.710.2 27.7 16.8 6.68.816.1 0.0 13.1 627 3.214.7 27.3 16.1 8.55.612.4 1.8 10.5 512 2.017.4 26.8 17.2 12.1 4.16.33.5 10.7410 2.718.5 26.6 16.8 9.02.78.52.4 12.7321 3.113.7 25.2 15.9 11.5 8.49.33.4 9.3 20 0.025.0 30.0 5.05.00.05.05.0 25.0 34 0.08.832.4 23.5 2.92.917.6 0.0 11.8 48 2.122.9 20.8 12.5 8.310.4 2.16.3 14.6 197 1.513.7 19.8 21.3 9.14.616.8 2.0 11.210 20.0 0.030.0 10.0 0.00.030.0 0.0 10.0 47. ) (, , ) ? 92.1 7.9(N=1,359)100.0 ) ? 16.8 1 1.3 3 9.1 6 25.4 1 19.9 1 27.5(N=1,351)100.0 48. ) () ?() 4.9 3.8 (, , )3.2 54.2 0.3 2.8 21.8 ()9.0(N=2,064) 100.0 49. ) ? 67.6 2.9 ( ) 3.4 5.7 0.4 0.2 6.2 13.5(N=1,619) 100.0 50. ) ? 78.5 21.5(N=1,375)100.0 51. ) ?( 1,2 ) 1 2 24.822.2 63.028.5 , 4.9 7.8 () 0.8 1.6 3.5 12.7 1.8 21.0 1.2 6.1(1 : N=1,092/ 2 : N=670)100.0 100.0 52. ) ? 1 0.7 1 ~ 2 3.8 2 ~ 3 12.9 3 ~ 5 32.6 5 ~ 1 32.2 1 15.3 2.5(N=1,377) 100.0 53. ) ?() 24.0 9.8 , 11.8 4.4 15.2 7.8 1.0 1.5 21.6 2.9(N=204) 100.0 54. , () 13 53.8 0.015.4 0.015.4 0.00.0 0.0 15.4 0.0 90 27.8 7.810.0 2.217.8 8.91.1 1.1 21.1 2.2 97 17.5 13.4 12.4 7.211.3 8.21.0 2.1 22.7 4.1 83 26.5 13.3 7.26.014.5 8.40.0 1.2 22.9 0.0 48 20.8 10.4 12.5 4.218.8 10.4 0.0 2.1 14.6 6.34 0.00.00.025.0 0.025.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 4 0.025.0 0.00.00.025.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 7 0.00.028.6 0.042.9 14.3 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 19 36.8 10.5 10.5 0.021.1 0.05.3 0.0 15.8 0.0 2 50.0 0.050.0 0.00.00.00.0 0.0 0.00.0 55. ) ? ? ( ) ( ) 100 2.5 3.6 100~150 27.917.3 150~200 23.89.1 200~250 32.817.3 250~300 2.5 8.2 300~350 4.9 24.5 350~400 1.6 1.8 400 4.1 18.2(1 : N=122/ 2 : N=110) 100.0 100.0 () 197.7299.7 56. ()() 13 0.0 55.6 0.0 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 28.6 28.6 14.3 14.3 14.3 0.0 0.0 90 3.8 34.0 26.4 26.4 1.9 3.8 0.0 3.8 90 2.1 20.8 4.2 20.8 6.3 22.9 2.1 20.8 97 1.7 18.6 25.4 35.6 3.4 6.8 3.4 5.1 97 5.5 12.7 10.9 14.5 9.1 27.3 1.8 18.2 49 2.0 32.7 16.3 32.7 4.1 6.1 4.1 2.0 42 4.8 9.5 7.1 23.8 9.5 21.4 2.4 21.4 28 0.0 21.4 17.9 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 26 0.0 23.1 11.5 11.5 3.8 26.9 3.8 19.2 3 33.3 33.3 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 33.3 0.0 33.3 1 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 .01 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 5 0.0 0.0 20.0 60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 5 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 0.0 20.0 11 9.1 63.6 18.2 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 54.5 9.1 0.0 0.0 18.2 0.0 18.2 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 .01 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 ) ? 9.3 28.0 42.7 18.7 1.3(N=150) 100.0 57. ()11 0.0 27.3 54.5 18.20.0 66 7.6 24.2 45.5 19.73.07012.9 32.9 37.1 17.10.0 57 7.0 28.1 49.1 15.80.0 3212.5 25.0 31.3 31.30.0 40.0 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 0.00.066.7 33.3 6 16.7 16.7 33.3 16.7 16.71513.3 40.0 40.0 6.7 0.020.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 58. ) ?() 16.1 14.8 30.5 2.5 3.8 8.1 14.4 9.7(N=236) 100.0 59. () 16 6.36.343.86.3 0.012.5 18.8 6.3 101 14.9 14.9 30.72.0 5.07.913.9 10.9 115 19.1 16.5 27.82.6 3.57.813.9 8.7 90 17.8 14.4 33.31.1 3.36.711.1 12.2 47 21.3 14.9 29.82.1 2.14.317.0 8.5 60.016.7 16.7 16.7 0.033.3 0.016.7 50.00.00.0 0.0 0.020.0 40.0 40.0 812.5 12.5 37.5 12.5 12.5 0.00.012.528 21.4 17.9 25.00.0 3.60.025.0 7.140.025.0 25.00.0 0.025.0 25.0 0.0 60. ) ? 5.2 45.1 46.7 0.3 2.7(N=366) 100.0 61. ( ) 30 13.3 33.350.0 0.0 3.3 1734.646.248.0 0.0 1.2 1405.047.941.4 0.7 5.0 1045.852.939.4 0.0 1.9 72 8.341.745.8 1.4 2.8 9 11.1 66.722.2 0.0 0.0 1 0.0100.0 0.00.0 0.0 22 0.050.040.9 0.0 9.1 93 3.235.559.1 0.0 2.2 2 0.050.050.0 0.0 0.0 ) , ? ( )25.0 (, )4.2 (, , ) 8.3 (, , ) 4.2 (, , , )0.0 (, , )12.5 (, )4.2 (, , ) 8.3 (, PC, , , , ) 0.0 33.3(N=24) 100.0 62. ) , ?( ) ) ? 27.6 10.3 31.0 3.4 0.0 3.4 17.2 6.9(N=29)100.0 63. ) , ?( 1,2 )1 2 ( )3.60.0 (, )3.6 7.9 (, , ) 18.715.8 (, , ) 38.015.8 (, , , )0.6 2.6 (, , )4.8 2.6 (, )1.8 0.0 (, , ) 7.8 23.7 (, PC, , , , ) 6.6 15.8 14.515.8(1 : N=166/ 2 : N=38)100.0 100.0 64. () 10 0.0 0.0 0.070.00.0 0.00.0 20.0 0.010.0 82 2.4 2.4 24.4 43.90.0 2.40.0 8.53.712.2 66 6.1 4.5 16.7 22.71.5 9.14.5 3.012.1 19.7 104 3.6 9.1 20.0 29.10.0 1.80.0 5.510.9 20.0 72 3.2 0.0 19.4 45.20.0 6.50.0 6.53.216.1 90.0 0.0 33.30.00.0 16.7 0.0 16.7 33.3 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0100.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.00.00.0 22 0.0 0.0 27.3 27.30.0 18.2 9.1 0.00.018.2 93 0.0 0.0 14.7 52.92.9 2.90.0 17.6 2.95.9 20.0 0.0 0.0100.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.00.00.0 65. ) ? 59.5 25.8 14.7(N=163)100.0 66. () 955.633.311.1 81 59.324.716.0 65 56.927.715.4 55 61.821.816.4 30 66.723.310.0 650.050.0 0.0 1 0.0100.00.0 11 54.536.4 9.1 32 50.028.121.9 1100.00.0 0.0 ) ? () 6 46.7 6~12 23.8 12~18 18.1 18 11.4(N=105)100.0 67. 6 6~12 12~18 18 ( ) 837.5 37.512.512.5 4951.0 14.322.412.2 4341.9 32.614.011.6 3650.0 22.225.0 2.8 1942.1 26.321.110.5 540.0 20.020.020.0 1 0.0 0.00.0100.0 757.1 0.0 14.328.6 1942.1 36.815.8 5.3 1100.00.00.0 0.0 68. ) () ? 4.2 4.6 (, , ) 4.2 70.4 0.0 4.2 8.3 4.2(N=216)100.0 69. 2008. 12. 1 * () [ : 1 , : 1 1 , : 1 , ( )] ** : , , , 70. ( : 2 ) ( : 2 ) ( : 2 ) 71. (+++ ) ( : 2 ) ( : 2 ) 72. ( : 2 ) ( 1, 2 )( : 2 ) 73. ( 1, 2 .) ( 1, 2 .) ( )(, ) (, , ) (, , ) (, , , ) (, , ) (, ) (, , ) (, PC, , , , ) 74. ( 1, 2 .)( )(, ) (, , ) (, , ) (, , , ) (, , ) (, ) (, , ) (, PC, , . . , , ) 1. 2. 3. ( : 2 )