Project Planning

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Name Role Department

Decision

Maker

Influence (1-4)

Interest (1-4)

Date of Last

Contact

Lee Park Manager of Accounting

Accounting X 3 2 12/7/14

Fran Vega

Reporting SME

Accounting 2 4 12/21/14

Jao Acosta

CFO Accounting X 4 3 12/1/14

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Stakeholder Register

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Stakeholder Matrix

Roles ResponsibilitiesBusiness sponsor

To approve and support the project

Project Manager

To plan the project in IT or the business

IT lead To understand and guide the IT resources and plan the project

IT analyst To understand and guide the IT resources and plan the project

Business SME To lend business expertise to the project

End user To provide input into the requirements gathering process as the final customer for the solution

Programmer To develop the code for the solution

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Project Roles and Responsibilities

• Escalation point when the plan needs to change or a conflict ariseso Project managero Business sponsor

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Decision Makers

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問題 6-9The company decided to implement a new accounting system. There is an mutualagreement between IT and business managers with the project functional requirements and budget. Which items below should a business project manager take in charge?

題意：公司決定要開發一套新的會計系統， IT 和企業端經理在功能需求和預算上已經有了協議，下列何者應該屬於企業端經理的工作？

選項：A. Design the data migration planB. Decide IT infrastructure and platformC. Arrange end-user training

解答： (C)

• A living document that reflects the current state of the project

• A project plan helps avoid:o Undefined scope or scope creep o Undefined schedule o Resources being over-allocated, unknown, or unavailableo Increased risko Increased costo Dependencies not understood or articulatedo Lack of resource coordination or involvement

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Project Plan

• Scope and expectations• Schedule• Risk• Escalation planning• Contingency planning• Business process reengineering (if applicable)

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Project Plan Elements

• Scopeo A summary of what will be addressed in the projecto Sometimes also defines what will not be addressed

• Expectationso Changes that are going to affect users must be articulated clearly and

effectively

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Scope and Expectations

• Causes include:o Poorly defined requirementso Lack of stakeholder or user involvemento Communication breakdownso Inadequate controls to manage proposed scope changes

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Scope Creep

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問題 6-10Please choose three common causes of project scope creep?

題意：請選擇三種常見的專案範疇蔓延。 Project scope creep 專案範疇蔓延，在專案管理裡稱失去控制的專案變更，或是專案持續的擴大範圍，通常發生在專案沒有正確的定義，文件沒有確實做好，或是控制，通常是有害於專案的。

選項：A. Strict project budget constraintsB. Business users without project experienceC. Insufficient system requirements analysisD. Insufficient project change control proceduresE. Absence of early business end-user involvement

解答： (C)(D)(E)

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問題 6-11What are the possible results of scope creep? (Choose three)

題意：什麼是 scope creep 所產生的結果？ ( 選擇三項 )

選項：A. Budget cost overrunB. Revenue will be negatively impacted.C. The project finished date will be delayed.D. All end users must agree to the unexpected changes.E. The ROI and other success measurements will need to be recalculated.

解答： (A)(B)(C)

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問題 6-7(1) Please choose three failure situations caused by business-side project management.?

題意：請選擇三個在企業端專案管理下，專案失敗的情形。

選項：A. Scope creepB. Unaccepted Integration test planC. Failure to get stakeholder supportD. Objectives are not clear definedE. Lack of storage managementF. Exceeding IT budget limit

解答： (A)(C)(D)

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問題 6-14During the project weekly review meeting, the team identify some risks may delay the project schedule. Match them with the appropriate category which is either scope creep or over-engineering.

題意：在專案每週的例行會議中，專案成員發現了一些風險問題，會導致於專案時落後，請將這些風險對應到正確的類別，它們是屬於哪一類？專案範圍失控類？或者是過度設計類？

(1) Which of them belong to the risks of scope creep?題意：第一個類型是 scope creep 專案範圍蔓延、或專案範圍失控越來越龐大，這種類型產生是來自於使用者的壓力，長官的壓力，外在環境的變數， IT 人員及廠商無法拒絕，導致案子範圍不斷擴大、無法收尾。

選項：A. Too many unnecessary features have been added to the project by programmers themselves.B. New requests have been added that are not within the project scope.C. The best response to this type of problem is to follow the change control process.D. This type of problem can create doubt in the customer ’ s mind about your pricing plan.

解答： (B)(C)

• Clearly define the project’s scope• Implement a change management process

o Assess the impact of a changeo Execute a formal approval process for scope changeso Often the job of the change review board (CRB)

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Managing Scope Creep

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問題 6-12During the implementation of a billing system project, your bank notices you thata change to direct debit processing will substantially lower transaction fees. You need more help to validate the change and realize its benefit. What could you do next?

題意：在帳務系統導入執行一半的時候，合作銀行告知你，在轉帳扣款的流程中有一項作業改變，可使公司大量的降低交易費用，你需要進一步的協助來確認這項作業改變的可行性及它所帶來的好處，接下來你該如何做？

選項：A. Wait to see if IT can fit this new feature into the project automatically .B. Discuss the change with your boss to implement the change right awayC. Set up a meeting with your teammates asking them to work overtime to implement the change D. Provide a change request that address the financial benefit, cost, and alternatives to implement the change

解答： (D)

• Creating a work breakdown structure (WBS)• Identifying tasks and effort• Identifying dependencies between the tasks• Identifying milestones• Assigning resources to each task• Leveling the schedule to ensure that resources

are not overallocated• Determining the critical path

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Schedule

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問題 6-3You are an IT project manager. You are recently planning a new project. If you want to identify resources and allocate them to tasks, what tool you should use to manage it?

題意： 是 IT 專案經理，最近正在規劃一個新的專案，如果想要確認工作項目資源，會使用什麼樣的工具來管理？

選項：A. Project scheduleB. Function Spec.C. User acceptance test plan D. Stakeholder matrix

解答： (A)

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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

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Identifying Tasks

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(2) Which of the following failure situations are caused by IT -side project management? (Choose three)

題意：請選擇三個在 IT 專案下，專案失敗的情形。 Failure 是失敗， governance 是治理、管理，一般 IT 專案有兩邊的人會參與，一邊是 IT 資訊部門的人 (IT -side) ，另一邊是企業端 (business-side) ，指將來會使用這個資訊系統的人，在企業功能性部門 (functional department) 工作，像是人力資源部、採購部、生產部、財務部、行銷部等內部工作人員，可能會擔任專案的關鍵使用者 (key user) ，在專案一開始的時候，就參與專案的進行，與 IT 的人一起合作，制定專案的規劃，包含專案目標與期望、範圍、與功能，並且制定專案的預算、人力、時程表等， business-side 的人對 IT 專案的參與是非常重要的，畢竟任何 IT 專案的產品，都是為了使用者而規劃設計執行的。

選項：A. Scope creepB. Unaccepted Integration test planC. Failure to get stakeholder supportD. Objectives are not clear definedE. Lack of storage managementF. Exceeding IT budget limit

解答： (B)(E)(F)

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Estimating Effort

• Start-to-Finisho Task A must start before Task B can finish.

• Start-to-Starto Task A must start before Task B can start.

• Finish-to-Starto Task A must finish before Task B can start.

• Finish-to-Finisho Task A must finish before Task B can finish.

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Dependency Types

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Dependency Example

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Dependencies in Microsoft Project

• Milestones typically represent fairly significant achievements in a project such as:o Completion of the development of code for a particular featureo Approval of the project to move forward after the business case is

presentedo Completion of the system testingo Completion of user acceptance testing

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Milestones

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Milestones in Microsoft Project

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Resource Allocation

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Overallocated Resources

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問題 6-2Your company is developing an in-house application for the accounting department. You are the IT business analyst. The IT project manager has produced a project schedule and asks your help to review it. Which items in the list would be the most important? (Choose two.)

題意：公司正在自行內部開發一套財會系統，你是商業 IT 分析師， IT 部門的專案經理做了一份專案時程表，請你協助審核，下面幾個項目是最重要的？ ( 選 2 項 )

選項：A. Whether or not resource over-allocations occur B. Whether or not all IT resources have to be assigned tasksC. All tasks must have predecessors definedD. All activities are linked to stakeholder requirementsE. All critical milestones defined by business have been identified

解答： (A)(E)

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Leveled Project Schedule

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Critical Path

• List risks rated as medium, high, and critical• For each risk, identify:

o Mitigation plano How the risk will be handled if it emerges

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Risk

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問題 6-18Due to end of service life by the database vendor, the IT department is making changes to a database system. They plan to upgrade the database version to the latest one. This will have an impact on CRM application. What information needs to tell to the users of call center department to make sure that business interruption is minimized? (choose two.)

題意：因為資料庫廠商對於過久的版本不再支援， IT 部門將更改資料庫系統，他們計畫將資料庫升版到目前最新的版本，這項措施將對於客戶關係管理系統有所影響，為了減少公司服務中斷的影響，該告訴客服中心的使用者什麼樣的訊息才對？( 選 2 項 )

選項：A. What is the new version of the DBMSB. What is the reason for the changeC. The expected down time for CRM application D. The detail steps required to implement the version upgrade

解答： (B)(C)

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問題 6-14During the project weekly review meeting, the team identify some risks may delay the project schedule. Match them with the appropriate category which is either scope creep or over-engineering.

題意：在專案每週的例行會議中，專案成員發現了一些風險問題，會導致於專案時落後，請將這些風險對應到正確的類別，它們是屬於哪一類？專案範圍失控類？或者是過度設計類？

(1) Which of them belong to the risks of scope creep?題意：第一個類型是 scope creep 專案範圍蔓延、或專案範圍失控越來越龐大，這種類型產生是來自於使用者的壓力，長官的壓力，外在環境的變數， IT 人員及廠商無法拒絕，導致案子範圍不斷擴大、無法收尾。

選項：A. Too many unnecessary features have been added to the project by programmers themselves.B. New requests have been added that are not within the project scope.C. The best response to this type of problem is to follow the change control process.D. This type of problem can create doubt in the customer ’ s mind about your pricing plan.

解答： (B)(C)

• Explains the steps to take when an issue arises that could aversely impact the project

• Common areas that require escalation are:o Resource and team conflictso Struggles related to internal company politicso Cost increaseso Scope increases

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Escalation Path

• Build time into the schedule to allow for unexpected delays

• Build money into the budget to allow for unexpected expenses

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Contingency Plan

• As-is business process flow was mapped during requirements gathering

• New business process needs to be laid out

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Business Process Reengineering

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問題 6-6You have found an off-the-shelf web portal solution that meets most of the business needs. However, internal IT staffs are not familiar with its technologies. What are the top challenges to apply the solution? (Choose two.)

題意：你找到了一個套裝軟體，正好符合大部分入口網站的需求，但是，內部的IT 同仁並不熟悉該軟體所採用的技術，什麼是你決定採用這項方案最大的挑戰？( 選 2 項 )

選項：A. SEO optimizationB. Implementation scheduleC. Cultural issues D. Ongoing support and maintainability going forward

解答： (C)(D)

• Project minutesDocuments, discussions, and decisions during the project

• Architecture specificationsIllustrate at a high level how the new system will connect or flow with the existing environment

• Functional designDocuments how the system will meet the business requirements

• Technical requirementsIdentifies the IT requirements that are necessary for the solution

• Requirements traceability matrix (RTM)Provides end-to-end traceability of business requirements to ensure that they are met

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Common Project Artifacts

Project Plan Execution

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• Some things to watch for include:o Variances occur in budget, resource availability, or schedule.o You believe that tasks have been completed, but they are still in

progress.o Overtime is required to meet deadlines.o Quality of a deliverable is less than expected.o Testing time is reduced.o Team morale deteriorates.

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Monitoring the Project

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Triple Constraint

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Balanced Project Plan

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Schedule Slippage

Possible Ways to Get Back On Schedule

• Use contingency time• Use an additional in-

house resource o Affects other projectso Increases resource costs

• Use a contract resourceo Increases resource costs

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Possible Ways to Get Back On Schedule

• Reduce the number of features

• Do nothingo Potentially delays the project

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1. Create an impact analysis to articulate the business implications and options.

2. Notify the sponsor and deliver the impact analysis with options.

3. Obtain a decision from the sponsor on the preferred option.

4. Re-plan the project and get stakeholder signatures acknowledging the changes.

5. Communicate with the stakeholders.

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Adjusting for Unplanned Projects

• Three common causes of preventable scope creep are:o Lack of robust or complete requirementso Lack of early business end-user involvemento Lack of solid change control procedures

• There are several possible outcomes of scope creep:o The project completion date will be delayed.o The project will be over budget.o The quality of the deliverables will suffer.o The team’s morale will be adversely affected.

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Scope Creep

• An escalation should occur when one of the triple constraints is in jeopardy.o On-target (scopeo On-time (schedule)o On-budget (cost)

• A sample escalation process includes:o Escalating the issue to the sponsor/decision makerso Recording the renegotiated changes to the project plano Documenting the processo Creating minutes, reporting, etc.

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Escalation Points and Trade-Offs

Acceptance Testing• Test the final solution

to verify that it meets all defined requirements.

• Each test case is recorded in the RTM.

• Results are also recorded in the RTM.

• Bidirectional testing:o All requirements have been

meto Sufficient testing was

completed

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Test casesTest Case ID: 2.01 Action: Click the Home button on the products page.Expected result: The home page appears.Result: pass/fail

Test Case ID: 2.02Action: Click the Products button.Expected result: The products list is displayed.Result: pass/fail

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Test Case Example

ID Requirement Category Test Case ID2.04 The system will have

the ability to refresh the home page

Home page 2.01

2.05 The system will have the ability to send a user home from the products page

Products page 2.01

2.06 The system will have the ability to access the products list from the Products page

Products page 2.02

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Test Cases in RTM

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問題 6-4You are confirming the user acceptance test cases, what are characteristics of effective test cases? (Choose two.)

題意： 正在確認使用者驗收測試的測試案例，什麼是有效的測試案例應有的要素？ ( 選 2 項 )

選項：A. They are associated with business use cases.B. They are developed by the project manager.C. They are specific and have expected results.D. They are reusable on other projects without change.

解答： (A)(C)

• To demonstrate that the requirements have been fulfilled, the final documentation package should include the following:o Service level agreements (SLAs)

• Includes internal and external SLAso Use case documentation

• Includes test case resultso Internal documentation (artifacts)

• Includes requirements, project plan, RTM o Decision documentation

• Includes original documentation complete with changes that have been negotiated

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Compiling Documentation

• After required documents are completed, obtain stakeholder sign-off

• Escalation could occur if:o a stakeholder refuses to sign off o an artifact is missing

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Stakeholder Sign-Off

Project Rollout and Post Release Activities

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• User guide• Hands-on instructor-led training• Computer-based training (CBT)

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Training Materials and Documentation

• Team members and end users should be kept apprised of any activity that will affect them

• Users should feel they can provide feedback on the new solution

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Communication Strategy

• Create a list of possible risks and subsequent mitigation strategies

• Outline a plan to rollback changes if problems occuro Should be fully documentedo Should be reviewed by the team prior to rollout

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Rollback Plan

• Phased approacho Important if the solution has a large number of users or diverse groups

of userso Only works if previous solution remains functional after new solution is

rolled outo Allows IT to pilot the new solution with minimal impacto Allows training to occur over a longer period of time

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Rollout Schedule

• Documenting lessons learned will help the next project go better.o What went well?o What went wrong?o What misunderstandings occurred?

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Lessons Learned

• Documentation• Monitoring• Validation

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Post-Release Activities

• Uses for documentation :o Supporting the solution and solution userso Upgrading the solution in the futureo As a historical reference

• Current and future business staff will need the success metrics and business goals to track their progress.

• Current and future developers or project personnel may need to reference the project documentation to ensure that they are correctly applying enhancements and new development.

• Current and future project teams may want to leverage the process and/or documents for other projects.

• Support escalation path• Upgrade plan

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Documentation

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問題 6-16Your company just finished implementing a new cloud service solution. Y our boss asked you to report lessons learned on the project. So, he suggested you arrange a good opportunity to chat informally with some business stakeholders in a cafeteria. What is the main objective of your boss?

題意：公司剛剛完成了一項導入雲端服務的專案，你的主管要報告這個專案學習到什麼。所以，他建議你安排一個非正式的聚會，與這些重要的使用者們一起喝咖啡聊天，試想，主管的主要目的是什麼？

選項：A. To understand if the solution meets the business requirementsB. To increase the possibility of success in other cloud service applications C. To confirm that all stakeholders understand the benefits of cloud service solutionsD. To provide a venue for all stakeholder to express their complaints regarding the implementation

解答： (B)

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問題 6-17The new version of CRM system went live during last weekend. You are the IT business analyst. Today is the first working day after system migration. What post-migration activities are most important for you to do now? (Choose two.)

題意：新版的 CRM 系統在這個週末上線了，你是公司的企業 IT 分析師，今天是新系統轉換上線的第一個工作日，在系統轉換後，你現在所該做最重要的活動是什麼？ ( 選兩項 )

選項：A. Update the release noteB. Confirm the system configuration matches with the test planC. Document unexpected changes D. Validate the upgrade against the documented requirements

解答： (C)(D)

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問題 6-20After implementing an IT solution, what activities should the business analyst do to close out the project? (Choose four)

題意：在導入一個資訊系統的最後，有哪些活動商業 IT 分析師應該做，以完成結束這個專案？

選項：A. Keep track of defect logB. Validate scope of solutionC. Identifying and documenting lessons learnedD. Define key performance measurementsE. Gather success metrics including business and IT success metricsF. Complete solution performance evaluation and measure overall success of the project

解答： (C)(D)(E)(F)

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問題 6-19After an in-house application went live, which post-release activities are mostimportant to do? (Choose two)

題意： 在自行開發的應用軟體上線後，下列哪一項上線後活動中，是最重要的？( 選兩項 )

選項：A. Renew the user requirement documentsB. Confirm the user acceptance test planC. Unexpected variances of document and team concernsD. V alidate the change against documented requirements

解答： (C)(D)