Lean-Logistics精益物流

for supply chains, and current trends for spare-parts针对供应链，以及备件的最新动向

CAWSSeptember 22-24, 2008

Beijing

Agenda议程

• Definition 定义• What is Logistics? 什么是物流？• What is Lean Logistics? 什么是精益物流？

• Evolution of Lean Logistics 精益物流的发展

• Lean-Logistics: Values and Benefits 精益物流：价值和利益

• Spare Parts: Lean Models 备件：精益模式

• Spare Parts Case Study 备件个案研究

• Current Trends 当代动向

• Questions? 提问题

Definitions定义

Logistics = the science of planning, organizing, and managing activities that provide goods or services; these include procurement, purchasing, inventory, warehousing, distribution, transportation, customer support, financial and human resources. 物流=计划，组织和管理的一门科学。它提供货物或服务。涉及到采购，提货，存货，仓储，配给，运输，客户支持，财务和人力资源。

Logistics = having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. 物流=在正确的时间，正确的地点，收到正确的货物。

Lean-Logistics = inbound process of linking suppliers and manufacturers utilizing lean methodologies精益物流=用精益方法来连接供应商和生产商的内部整合过程

“Lean” means removing “waste” from operations.精益就是除去运作中的浪费

History of Lean Logistics精益物流的历史

Lean Logistics originally focused exclusively on the logistics area as tied to manufacturing. This has evolved to include Six Sigma practices and modern lean principles, and expanded to include application in various fields.

精益物流最初被专用于和生产有直接联系的物流领域。这个概念逐步演化成包括6倍标准差管理理念在内的现代精益管理方法，并在多个领域扩展，产

生出不同的管理软件。

Lean-Logistics - Values & Benefits精益物流-价值和利益

Lean-Logistics focuses on:精益物流集中表现在：

(1) Frequent deliveries频繁送货

(2) Leveling flow (so each time period produces the same output)稳定的流水线（固定的时间段的产量是相同的）

(3) Reducing inventory 减少库存

(4) Improved supply chain visibility提高供应链的可预见度

Goal is to create an efficient replenishment loop, so supplies are replenished as soon as they are consumed, with minimal expense. This increases efficiency and cuts cost.目标是建立一个补给流程环，以最小的费用保证供应品在被消耗后立即得到补充。这样做会提高效率并降低成本。

Lean-Logistics - Values & Benefits精益物流-价值和利益

Lean Logistics精益物流

Reduced Inventory降低库存

Visibility可预测性

Level, PredictableFlow

稳定的生产线

Frequent Deliveries频繁送货

Lean Logistics – Benefits精益物流-利益

Becoming “lean” means adjusting processes to:成为精益就要调整下列操作过程：

Benefits:利益

Increase Visibility 提高可见性

Drive Accountability可靠的运行

Create cost transparency 在全程提高成本透明度Reduce inventories降低库存Increase communication with

suppliers增加与供应商的交流

I n t e g r a t e d L o g i s t i c s综 合 物 流

Reduced costs成本降低

Accountability更可靠

Decreased inventory levels库存减少

Increased inventory turns库存周转率提高

Increased efficiency, planning, and forecasting提高效率，完善计划和预测

Lean Logistics: Spare Parts精益物流：备件

Spare Parts are typically high-value components, critical to ongoing operations. Lean logistics for spare parts depends on specialty and complexity of end products. Lean principles focus on long-term partnerships with suppliers, and shared, common objectives.

备件是指具有代表性的高价值的零部件，对正进行的商务运营十分关键。哪些零件属于精益物流备件，要根据具体的最终产品的特殊性和复杂性来定。精益原则的重点是与供应商的长期合作伙伴关系以及双方要有共同的目标。

*The following case study applies lean principles to high-value spare parts*下面的个案分析说明了精益原则在高价值备件上的应用

Spare Parts: Case Study备件：个案研究

Scenario: an airplane engine has a problem in Changsha, Hunan, China. Engines are complex and critical to ongoing operations of an airline. For the problematic engine, the airline contacts the supplier (1) to promptly dispatch a service team to diagnose the problem, (2) repair and/or replace the engine.

假定：一架在长沙的飞机发动机出现问题。发动机是复杂件对航线运营很重要。关于这个发动机，航空公司找到供应商要求（1）派人来检查，（2）修理或更换发动机

The supplier arrives within 2 hours, evaluates the problem, and recommends the engine be repaired at supplier’s facility with 2-3 weeks of downtime. 供应商2小时后到了。在检查后，提出要在供应商的工厂里修理这个发动机，要修好需要2至3周的时间。

The supplier maintains spare engines at a hub airport facility in Guangzhou 437 miles miles away. 该供应商在437英里外的广州机场的维修中心里有发动机备件。

Within 12 hours, the spare engine has arrived, and been tested. 12小时之内，备件发动机运来了，并且接受了测试。

Flights resume within 24 hours of initial problem. 飞机在24小时之内解决了这个问题。

Every minute of downtime equates to cancelled flights and financial loss. 每一分钟的停工都会导致取消航班也就是经济损失。

Spare Parts: Case Study备件：个案研究

Results: By implementing a lean-logistics hub-and-spoke system in partnership with the engine supplier, the airline passed 1) maintenance, 2) problem evaluation & diagnosis, and 3) service/replacement of the engines to the supplier. This reduced down-time, increased efficiency, and saved money. 结果：由于和发动机供应商有具有备件中心和精益物流服务的合作伙伴关系，让航空公司免去了1）保养维修，2）问题检测，3）自己更换发动机。这缩短了停工期，提高了效率，节约了费用。

Engine Problem

发动机出问题

Diagnosis

检测

Engine Replacement

换发动机

Spare Parts: Case Study备件：个案研究

HubGuangzhou,

China广州备件中心

Changsha,Hunan

湖南长沙

Airport #3机场3

Airport #2机场2

Airport #5机场5

Airport #4机场4

“Hub” Airport = Guangzhou

中心机场=广州

“Spoke” Airports = all airports within 500 miles of hub

提到的机场=在中心机场附近500英里范围内的机场。

Supplier provides 24-hour maintenance/service hotline

供应商提供24小时维修服务热线

Spare Parts: Case Study备件：个案研究

The success of the lean-model used for the airline case study was based on:航空公司在该案例中获得精益模式成功的基础：

1) Partnership – airline had a close relationship with supplier, with fluid communication channels合作伙伴关系-航空公司和该供应商有很紧密地关系，交流也变得畅通。

2) Process – the airline and supplier had previously established a process, and had an action plan步骤-航空公司和供应商事先就订好了工作步骤和流程。

3) ‘Hub-and-Spoke’ System – airline and supplier had implemented an hub-and-spoke system for high-value spare parts 中心配送系统-航空公司和供应商针对高价值的备件执行了中心配送方式。

Cost-efficiency is key: Just In Time (“JIT”) delivery model is ideal, and many companies implement logistics models in partnership with suppliers to maintain JIT models for critical spare parts成本效率是关键：JIT送货模式是目标。很多公司都和供应商建立伙伴关系，让供应商提供及时送高价备件的服务。

Several successful models implemented by different multinational companies; however, they all incorporate the same themes and common success factors几种成功的模式被不同的跨国公司所采用。不过，这些模式具有相同的成功因素，建立在相同的理论上。

Lean Logistics: Current Trends精益物流：当代动向

Consignment Warehousing: inventory in customer’s possession, but owned by supplier until used提供送货服务的仓储：库存是为客户备的，但直到被使用为止都属于供应商的资产。

Just In Time (“JIT”) Models: although JIT has been in practice for awhile, it has recently been expanded to more industries and divided into targeted versions specific to unique models及时送货模式：尽管这个成功的模式存在了很久，但直到最近才被扩展到很多的工业领域，并有了不同的版本。

www.willexindustrial.com

Thank you for your time.非常感谢您的时间

Willex IndustrialDouglas Menelly

General Manager, ChinaVice President, Asia

Prepared for CAWSBeijing, China

September 22-24, 2008

www.willexindustrial.com