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Brand Merger & Acquisition Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM PCD 李子青 20061320457 季江云 20061320477 23 rd , April, 2007 Team members:

Brand Merger & Acquisition Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

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Page 1: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition

— Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM PCD

李子青 20061320457 季江云 20061320477

23rd, April, 2007

Team members:

Page 2: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Agenda

联想国际化道路—联想全球变标 Lenovo & 联想并购 IBM PC 部门

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

联想品牌策略—双品牌策略;放弃 IBM 品牌,重塑自我品牌形象

品牌并购的意义及中国品牌全球化的思考

Page 3: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Agenda

联想国际化道路—联想全球变标 Lenovo & 联想并购 IBM PC 部门

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

联想品牌策略—双品牌策略;放弃 IBM 品牌,重塑自我品牌形象

品牌并购的意义及中国品牌全球化的思考

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 4: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

联想国际化道路—联想全球变标 Lenovo

"On our way to becoming internationalized, we need to have an English brand name that can be used unrestrictedly in markets worldwide," said Yang Yuanqing, Legend's president and CEO. "However, the original English name--Legend--has been registered by others in many countries."

LEGEND

Lenovo

novo

le 代表曾经的Legend , novo 是个拉丁词根,意为“创新”,合起来即为“创新的

联想” )

品牌标识跟着战略走 :国际化的战略需要国际化的品牌标识

Apr.2003

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 5: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

联想国际化道路— 联想并购 IBM PC 部门

1

最初的最初

2正式谈判并宣布并购成功

3美国政府从中作梗

4 5并购整合以及新联想三步走战略

成功完成最终并购

早在 2000 年IBM 中国区总裁周伟口和全球高级副总裁约翰就曾跟杨元庆谈过收购一事,但是此事遭到了柳传志的否决

直到 2003 年11 月份。收购IBM 的 PC 业务这事被第二次提起来时,柳传志才开始正视此事。

2004 年年初,联想决定与 IBM 正式就收购谈判。2004 年 5 月,联想完成了初期的调研和第一版的收购方案。2004 年 10 月下旬。双方进入密集谈判阶段。2004 年 12 月 8 日,柳传志代表联想终于对全世界宣布:联想以 12.5 亿美元现金 + 股票的方式并购了 IBM 的全球个人电酗业务

2004 年 12 月 31日, IBM 向美国证交会提交的文件首次公布旗下 PC 部门的亏掼情况,文件显示, IBMPC 部门2004 年累计亏损近10 亿美元,出售给联想集团的个人电脑业务持续亏损已达三年半之久。中国知名企业的海外行动再次笼罩在“埃克森——佛罗里奥修正案”的阴影下

2005 年 5 月 2 日,联想获得了 IBM PC 部门所有业务,同时联想还获得五年内使用 IBM 品牌的权利。至此,联想成为世界上仅次于戴尔、惠普之后的第三大PC 厂商。

IBM将持有联想集团约 19% 的股份,联想集团和 IBM将在全球 PC销售、服务和客户融资领域结

成长期战略联盟。

联想并购 IBM 个人电脑部门后,要进行四步的整合:留住员工、留住客户、业务整合和文化整合。

新联想未来三步走战略: 1. 整合两家公司,留住员工和客户; 2.通过深度整合,获得赢利性增长,提升 Think 品牌资产,在世界各地推广 Lenovo 品牌 ;3. 整个品牌,达到协同,使 Lenovo 成为真正的全球品牌

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 6: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

联想并购 IBM PC 部门之后期整合

员工整合

业务整合

文化整合

品牌整合

挑战整合难题

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

企业层面上 Lenovo与 IBM 以及产品层面上 Lenovo 与Think :两个层次都存在不同的品牌个性、价值、定位和经营理念

并购后如何恰当地使用和管理 双品牌,共同增加两个品牌各自的以及整个公司的

品牌价值品牌并购后可能出现的各种问题如何应对:品牌稀释,品牌定位模糊,品牌冲突

Page 7: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Agenda

联想国际化道路—联想全球变标 Lenovo & 联想并购 IBM PC 部门

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

联想品牌策略—双品牌策略;放弃 IBM 品牌,重塑自我品牌形象

品牌并购的意义及中国品牌全球化的思考

Page 8: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Reconfiguring

Streamlining& Rationalizing

Retaining

Consolidation2

4

1

3

Source: Merging Brands: Designing the post M&A portfolio

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

Market Share & Market Penetration

high

Pro

du

ct Sim

ilarity

same

different

low

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 9: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Reconfiguring Retaining

Consolidation2

4

1

3

Streamlining& Rationalizing

Seek desired synergies at the supply-end

The objective is to develop the most efficient flow, using the combined resources of the merged firm.

Unilever, Proctor & Gamble, Nestle, and Diageo

Market Share & Market Penetration

high

same

different

low

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

Pro

du

ct Sim

ilarity

Page 10: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Reconfiguring Retaining43

ConsolidationPursue the entire range of

customers hitherto, with expanded opportunity for market coverage, and satisfy complimentary needs, both within and across segments.

Either original brand or co-brandFord's acquisition of Volvo,

Jaguar and Aston Martin; Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM ThinkPad; BenQ’s acquisition of Siemens.

1

Streamlining& Rationalizing

Seek desired synergies at the supply-end.

The objective is to develop the most efficient flow, using the combined resources of the merged firm.

Unilever, Proctor & Gamble, Nestle, and Diageo.

2

Market Share & Market Penetration

high

same

different

low

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

Pro

du

ct Sim

ilarity

Page 11: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Retaining4

1

Streamlining& Rationalizing

Seek desired synergies at the supply-end.

The objective is to develop the most efficient flow, using the combined resources of the merged firm.

Unilever, Proctor & Gamble, Nestle, and Diageo.

2

3

ReconfiguringAbandon previous flows and

discover new ways of thinking about the business of the merged firm

If successful, Reconfiguring can go a long way in building competitive advantage by re-defining markets and quality standards that competitors would struggle to imitate.

Coca Cola's purchase of Cadbury Schweppes

ConsolidationPursue the entire range of

customers hitherto, with expanded opportunity for market coverage, and satisfy complimentary needs, both within and across segments.

Either original brand or co-brandFord's acquisition of Volvo,

Jaguar and Aston Martin; Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM ThinkPad; BenQ’s acquisition of Siemens.

Market Share & Market Penetration

high

same

different

low

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

Pro

du

ct Sim

ilarity

Page 12: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

ConsolidationPursue the entire range of

customers hitherto, with expanded opportunity for market coverage, and satisfy complimentary needs, both within and across segments.

Either original brand or co-brandFord's acquisition of Volvo,

Jaguar and Aston Martin; Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM ThinkPad; BenQ’s acquisition of Siemens.

1

Streamlining& Rationalizing

Seek desired synergies at the supply-end.

The objective is to develop the most efficient flow, using the combined resources of the merged firm.

Unilever, Proctor & Gamble, Nestle, and Diageo.

2

3

ReconfiguringAbandon previous flows and

discover new ways of thinking about the business of the merged firm

If successful, Reconfiguring can go a long way in building competitive advantage by re-defining markets and quality standards that competitors would struggle to imitate.

Coca Cola's purchase of Cadbury Schweppes

4

RetainingMaintain the status quo of the

merged brand and its business model with as little change as possible

Strengthen the penetration of the merged brand

TCL’s acquisition of Thomson TV department; Gucci’s acquisition of …;

Market Share & Market Penetration

high

same

different

low

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

Pro

du

ct Sim

ilarity

Page 13: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

四种品牌并购管理方法的优势与劣势

Streamlining&Rationalizing

Consolidation

Reconfiguring

Retaining

Advantages Disadvantages

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

•loss of customer franchise for brands that have been seriously repositioned or eliminated from the merged portfolio•a short-term impact on revenue following brand divestments

•customer retention and the continuation of harmonious relationships with trade channels that existed prior to the merger.•diversifying its risks across brands and geographies.

•speed in arriving at the desired portfolio

•cost savings within a reasonable time

•If successful, Reconfiguring can go a long way in building competitive advantage by re-defining markets and quality standards that competitor would struggle to imitate.

•the risk of diluting theoverall corporate purpose, inadequate sharing of knowledge across the firm, and the wastage of precious resources

•The long-range sustainability of the newly conceived flows as well as in addressing the specific challenges that lie within them.

•Save the cost of integration•Keep the coherence of original brands

•Difficulty in management of different brands•No economic scale

Page 14: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Agenda

联想国际化道路—联想全球变标 Lenovo & 联想并购 IBM PC 部门

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

联想品牌策略—双品牌策略;放弃 IBM 品牌,重塑自我品牌形象

品牌并购的意义及中国品牌全球化的思考

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 15: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

联想品牌策略—双产品品牌策略

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 16: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

定位于中高端的企业级商务用户品牌;主打全球大型企业市场

品牌个性:高稳定性、安全、技术先进与风格上的持重以及商务感觉

新变化:告别价格和商务两个金科玉律,实现业务快速增长

优势互补:把 Lenovo的低成本管理运作与价值链整合和市场营销的能力嫁接过来,不断提升效率;并使生产制造向国内转移

实施双品牌策略的关键:

联想与 IBM PC 合并后,在全球强势推广两个品牌 : ThinkPad 和Lenovo联想对 Lenovo 与Think两个产品品牌不急于整合,而是让两套体系在一段时间内独立存在,即从IBM 收购过来的Think 部门被纳入联想国际,与原来联想体系平行运营

品牌隔离政策:清晰得保持两个品牌的定位与形象注入新元素、并互补优势以降低品牌冲突

定位于中低端的时尚消费品牌;主打中小企业市场

品牌个性:年轻时尚,创新,充满活力与潜力

新变化:在冬奥会,网球公开赛及其他重大赛事中频频作为钻石级赞助商出现

优势互补:在设计方面靠近 IBM 以前的商务风格(如 3000系列);并把IBM强大的研发技术专利运用到 Lenovo笔记本上

不可避免的品牌冲突

联想品牌策略—双产品品牌策略

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Lenovo ThinkPad

Page 17: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

疑问:联想为何加速剥离 IBM 品牌 ?

主要的体现和标志性事件:

自收购 IBM 以来,联想的广告宣传就几乎将 IBM 品牌排除在外。在都灵冬奥会上,联想的广告里一点没有提到 IBM

2005 年 11 月份,在联想宣布收购 IBM PCD 业务即将一周年之际,联想宣布在全球启动以 Lenovo 为“主品牌”的品牌战略

联想一直努力在美国市场推广 Lenovo 品牌并切断它与 IBM 的联系

短短一年之后 Lenovo 与 IBM 的企业品牌天平就发生了急剧倾斜,联想就开始加速剥离 IBM 品牌,那为什么当初要争取 5 年的商标使用权呢?现在放弃 IBM 的策略又体现了联想怎样的动机和意图呢?

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 18: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

联想放弃 IBM 品牌的动机与寓意

主打 Lenovo

1

2

3

4

最终目标的体现 : 在全球打响 Lenovo 品牌,走真

正的国际化道路

联想对 ThinkPad 的战略调整:从身份品牌转

变为流行品牌

协同诱惑的存在,如果“1+1>2”?

避免 Lenovo 和IBM 双企业品牌所带来的品牌精神分

裂症

—请叫我 Lenovo ThinkPad

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 19: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Agenda

联想国际化道路—联想全球变标 Lenovo & 联想并购 IBM PC 部门

理论回顾—四种进行品牌并购管理的方法

联想品牌策略—双品牌策略;放弃 IBM 品牌,重塑自我品牌形象

品牌并购的意义及中国品牌全球化的思考

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 20: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM ThinkPad

品牌并购的意义下面我们从品牌价值评估的角度对 Lenovo 并购 IBM

及其 Think品牌为联想带来的价值进行分析:

被并购品牌是否能够为企业带来价值?价值有多大? 1

价值主要来源是什么—哪些细分市场、产品、接触点等构成价值的主体? 2

该品牌对企业已有品牌将会产生哪些影响? 3

4 需要对该品牌进行怎样的处理 (保留、重建或者淡出市场 ) 才能使其自身价值得以保值、增值,并使公司整个品牌组合价值最大化?

Page 21: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

中国品牌全球化的思考—品牌,收购还是自有?分析中国企业国际化品牌运

作的四种形式

发展中国家品牌有一定的影响力,但在发达国家品牌不行,正在进军发达国家市场的企业

整合难度极大,不利于企业真正走向全球化

导致品牌影响力分散

前期进入容易

可迅速占领一定的市场份额,销售渠道和技术优势

联想,TCL , Be

nQ并购品牌战略

实力相当大、品牌影响力相当强的企业

在国内、国际已有相当的影响力

市场与品牌建设的市场投入要求高

品牌建设周期长,困难与阻力大

前期进入困难,但可在发达市场培育综合完善的品牌形象

后期品牌影响力比较大海尔自有品牌战略

必须有新的工艺和先进的制造水平

要求比较高,适用范围窄

利润率高

完成了品牌的输出中集,长虹,华为

国外定制

一些中小企业

制造能力强

品牌实力弱的企业

长期而言, OEM不能使这些企业的品牌

不能赚取品牌的附加价值

快速进入国际市场

发挥规模经济效应,赚取稳定利润

从全球产业分工中找自己的位置

格兰仕OEM

适用条件劣势优势代表企业品牌运作形式

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Page 22: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM ThinkPad

中国品牌全球化的思考 ( 续 )—成功迈向全球化的四步

1st 引入品牌的战略管理流程,实施精确的定位

将产品创新作为品牌建设的重要基础工作

以品牌差异化为要点,从理性和感性的价值方面联合突破

采用渐近式的方式建设品牌

2nd

3rd 4th

Page 23: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

罗兰 ·贝格公司的品牌工具消费者价值分布图

E

R

E- E-

R- R-

— +

高尚

安逸

简约

自然

归属感

激情

经典

自由自在进取

刺激 ·乐趣

新潮 ·酷

服务

质量

传统惯例

明星购物

全面成本 个性化

个人效率

创新 ·科技

You can take many paths to get to the same place.——An Old Apache Saying

Page 24: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

参考资料《中外管理》 2005 年 1 期 《联想突破— 2004· 国际化 · 并购产业链》

《中国企业家》 2005 年 17 期 《成功迈向全球化的四步》 &《中国品牌全球化的三大难题》

《商学院》 2005 年 7 期 《中国企业国际化的三道必答题》

《哈佛商业评论》 2005 年 11 期 《品牌患上精神分裂症》

IEVY Business Journal—Merging Brands: Designing the post M&A portfolio

《中国企业家》 2006 年 8 期《请叫我 Lenovo ThinkPad》

《信息产业报道》 2005 年 11 期 《杨元庆与史蒂夫 · 沃德:为何提前放弃 IBM 品牌》

《商学院》 2005 年 9 月 《国际化战略 : 新标识激活法》

……

Page 25: Brand Merger & Acquisition  Lenovo Acquisiion Of Ibm Pc(Final Version)

Brand Merger & Acquisition--Lenovo' Acquistiion of IBM PCD

Thanks for your attention!

Now, Q&A time…