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BRENDAN FINN ETTS LTD., IRELAND Using ITS to Achieve the Potential of Public Transport

Brendan Finn - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

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Page 1: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRENDAN FINN

ETTS LTD., IRELAND

Using ITS to Achieve the Potential of Public Transport

Page 2: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Overview

ITS for public transport

Practice in ITS support to Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

Capacity constraints for high-volume BRT systems

Vehicle throughput at stations

Vehicle throughput at junctions

Passenger throughput at stations

Dynamic operations management could increase capacity

Management of access

Slot management along the route

Page 3: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

ITS for Public Transport

Hardware, software, data exchange tools & services

Higher-level objectives:

Effectiveness

Efficiency

Usability

Cluster in three strands:

ITS for Transport Operations

ITS for Customer-Facing Services

ITS for platform and back-office

Solve problems and/or exploit opportunities

Page 4: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

ITS systems for Public Transport

Operations Management

Automatic Vehicle Location and Management

Traffic Signal Priority

Service and System planning and support

Collision avoidance/warning

Precision docking

Customer-facing and support services

Automatic fare collection

Real-time passenger information

Journey planning

Security and passenger management systems

Page 5: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Context of this presentation

Bus Rapid Transit

High volume contexts

Large numbers of buses

Multiple routes using the infrastructure

Large numbers of passengers

Operating Strategies to maximise throughput

Efficiently

Reliably

Safely

Technologies to support the Operating Strategies

Page 6: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Running Way – Guanghzhou, China

Source : Paul Barter

Page 7: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRT Station - Istanbul

Source: EMBARQ

Page 8: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRT Bus Station - Bogota

Source : Peter Danielsson, Volvo Bus Corporation

Page 9: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRT Station, Sao Paulo

Source : Toni Lindau

Page 10: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRT in Johannesburg (Soweto)

Page 11: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Key elements of the BRT system

Operating infrastructure

Running way

Junctions

Stations

Network

Vehicles

Operations management

Operations control, incident management, supporting ITS

Customer-facing services

Fare collection, information, customer support

Page 12: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Operations Management activities

Resource deployment

Service control and regulation Operate the core service to plan

Adjust the planned service to meet demand and events

Monitoring

Incident management At stations and adjacent areas

Along running way, at junctions

Vehicles and operational staff

Data capture and analyis Review of plan and of procedures

Cost optimisation

Page 13: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Technologies for Operations Management

Monitoring systems Vehicle location

CCTV

Sensors - roadside, platform, in-vehicle

Communications Network for fixed locations – control centre, stations, depot

Wireless, from vehicles and mobile units

Applications Functional

Analytic

Integration with traffic signal system

Information display and diffusion

Page 14: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Control Centre – Bogota, Columbia

Source : Sam Zimmerman, World Bank

Page 15: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRT in Johannesburg

Page 16: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

In-vehicle headway management - Seoul

Page 17: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Capacity is an issue in high-volume systems

Buses at intervals of 10-20 seconds at peak

10+ routes and route variants

Multiple operators

Hard to avoid some intersections with general traffic

Stations handling >5,000 passengers in the peak period

Unpredictable arrival pattern by day, by time interval

Page 18: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Where do the limits arise?

Three critical areas:

Throughput of vehicles at the bus stations

Getting vehicles through the junctions

Passenger throughput at the stations

Potential problems :

Basic capacity to handle the demand

Instability - risk of drastic loss of performance, capacity

Queues and delays for passengers

Crush conditions at stations

Running way itself is not the problem

Page 19: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Strategic Operations Options

Constrain volume to what can easily be managed

Single end-to-end route

Limit number of routes, fixed boarding areas

(Bi-) articulated buses to minimise number of vehicles

Plan to capacity, accept occasional degradation

Standard intervention techniques

Maximise throughput by dynamic management

Manage access by available slots – ramp metering

Manage precise movement and timing - ATC style

What is the maximum possible throughput?

Page 20: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Is Dynamic Management possible?

Dynamic Access Management (Ramp Metering) Continuous system state monitoring, available capacity

Vehicle held at BRT access point until capacity available

Enters BRT running way under standard operations mgt.

Dynamic Slot Management Continuous system state monitoring

Slot assigned to each vehicle based on plan and current state

Vehicle held at access point until slot available

Enters BRT running way at allocated slot

Dynamic operations mgt. for entire journey along BRT

Must stay +/- X seconds of allocated slot

Slot can be adjusted dynamically by the application software

Requires precise station and junction operations

Page 21: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Enablers

Conceptual Dynamic management concepts Operations management methods and procedures

Technology platform Location system(standard AVL) Communications (standard AVL)

Information Vehicle location, Passenger loading, station status

Intelligent software Slot development and assignment Slot adjustment and management Dynamic platform management

Operations Field management, training, monitoring, incentives

Page 22: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Conclusions

At the high-capacity end, three key challenge areas

Vehicle throughput at stations

Vehicle throughput at junctions

Passenger throughput at stations

If we cannot handle these better, capacity is limited

Lower productivity, lower benefits, lower transport impact

Current generation of Ops. Mgt. Tools not enough

Technical platform is NOT the issue

Focus needs to shift to delivering capacity

Paradigm shift in approach to operations management

Intelligent strategies and management procedures

Page 23: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

BRENDAN FINN

[email protected]

Page 24: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Vehicle Throughput at Stations

Length of platform, arrangement of boarding areas Number of slots Fixed allocation or dynamic allocation

If dynamic, how to advise and organise customers?

Precise docking – clinical, but lose flexibility Can we handle buses of different lengths, door arrangements

Passenger processing, dwell times Separate fare collection/validation from boarding Level boarding, demarcation/protection of boarding area

Management of the bus flows Passing lanes, (semi-) express services, queuing rules Strict operations control, departure management Rapid response to disruptions

Station management, activity oversight

Page 25: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Vehicle Throughput at Junctions

As frequency increases, problem escalates High-volume systems can have up to 6 buses per minute

Need adequate time to clear queue of buses Random arrivals? If so, can have Q lengths of up to 10 vehicles

How much green time possible?

Turning movements by buses

Requirement for cross-turning movements by general traffic

Cycle time at the junctions If long cycle time, wave of buses hits next stations

Queuing problems downstream

Can partially overcome by using larger vehicles Less vehicles needed, but longer for each unit to clear

Page 26: Brendan Finn  - Using ITS to achieve the potential for public transport

Passenger Throughput at Stations

Passenger volume Total movement of people, boarding and alighting Transferring passengers

Dynamics of movement Conflict of boarding and alighting passengers Internal movement within the station area

May constrain dynamic allocation of buses to boarding areas

Movement to/from transfer areas Limited area and width for median stations Fare collection and verification

For median stations Safe passage to main pavement Storage while waiting to cross, conflict with new arrivals Number of opportunities and impact on general traffic

Minimise conflict between passengers and vehicles