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中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 Protocol Design 中中中 中中 James Cheng-Chung WEI, MD, PhD 中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中 中中中中中中中中中中

Cllnical trials protocol design

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Page 1: Cllnical trials protocol design

中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Protocol Design

魏正宗 醫師 James Cheng-Chung WEI, MD, PhD

中山醫學大學附設醫院過敏免疫風濕科主任、中藥臨床試驗中心主任

人體試驗委員會前主任委員

Page 2: Cllnical trials protocol design

2

Integrative MedicineIntegrative Medicinea combination ofa combination of

mainstream medical therapies mainstream medical therapies

and and

Complementary and alternative medicine Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (CAM)

for which there is for which there is high-quality scientific high-quality scientific evidenceevidence of safety and effectiveness of safety and effectiveness

Page 3: Cllnical trials protocol design
Page 4: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

The Evidence Pyramid

Page 5: Cllnical trials protocol design

中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

新藥開發流程

Scale-up

臨床前研究 臨床試驗 新藥審核

12-24 months1-4

month9-12

months 12-24 months

6-18 months

Phase II

Phase IV

Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics

Animal Safety Testing

SubmitIND

Submit NDA NDA Approval

FormulationChemistry and Physical Characterization

Phase III

新藥監視

Botanicals with historical documentation of safe human use

Page 6: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

中草藥新藥臨床試驗 (IND)申請須知 下列情況下,可暫不提供標準的藥理毒理試驗:1. 傳統方2. 已上市之非傳統方3. 未超過傳統經驗範圍之新複方4. 適當萃取或部份純化之傳統方 : 純化後之劑量不超過傳統經驗者,若能依學理推測其為安全者,在密切監測的臨床試驗條件下,可暫不提供藥理毒理試驗,但須視個案而定。

Page 7: Cllnical trials protocol design

Before doing…Before doing…

三思而後行三思而後行•足夠的人力、足夠的人力、財源、時間財源、時間

•足夠的能力足夠的能力•足夠的病人足夠的病人

Successful Conduct of Clinical Trials

Page 8: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Ask a good (exciting) question before designing a clinical trial

Unmet medical needs• In view of holistic medicine

• Complimentary to mainstream medicine Unanswered questions

• Critical appraisal of current evidence Answerable

• Practical methodology

Page 9: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Clinical Trials Design

Case series, Open exploratory study Phase II Randomized controlled trial

• Dose range study is necessary

• Two stage design is a trend

• DBPC trial is preferred Phase III Randomized controlled trial

Page 10: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Uncontrolled studies

Case series, Open study Needs

1. Scientific records

2. Simple and well accepted endpoints

3. Clear documentation

Page 11: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Page 12: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Page 13: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Defects of Uncontrolled studies

1. Disease natural course

2. Placebo effect

3. Horthorn effect

4. Regression to the mean

Page 14: Cllnical trials protocol design

中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

臨床試驗設計的 Gold standard

~ 隨機對照試驗 ( randomized controlled trials)

Page 15: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Structure of Randomized Control Trials

Treatment

Control

Randomized EndpointsTrial subjects

Page 16: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Indications selection Unmet needs

• Important diseases• unsatisfactory efficacy or safety• TCM better than western medicine

For examples:• Cancer• Cardiovascular disease• Degenerative diseases: OA, dementia…• Immunological diseases: allergy, autoimmune

disease…• Functional diseases: neurosis, aging…

Page 17: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

選病Trial subjects selection

Western diagnosis • May plus objective operable

Chinese syndrome (pattern)

• Diagnostic criteria Inclusive criteria Exclusive criteria

Page 18: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

選方Trial intervention

Traditional TCM formula• Licensed drug indication

• Off-label use New TCM drugs

• New TCM formula

• Crude extract of single herb or mixture

• Pure compound Functional foods

Page 19: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

How to find a good TCM interventionfor clinical trial?

Literatures review Modern research Expert’s opinions Pilot clinical trials

Page 20: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Structure of Randomized Control Trials

Treatment

Control

Randomized EndpointsTrial subjects

Page 21: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Methods of control

Placebo control• 目的在於克服對照組病人由於心理因素所造成

的偏倚 (bias)• 常用無藥理作用的乳糖、澱粉等,安慰劑要求

在外觀、顔色、形狀與試驗藥物完全一致• 要特別注意醫療道德上的可行性。

Standard control (active control)• 研究藥物的療效時,可以公認的常規有效療法

作爲對照。

Page 22: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Add-on therapy design

Standard therapy as background for all arms

Add-on TCM or placebo to see the addictive effect

Ethic consideration Better compliance As complimentary therapies

Page 23: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Randomization

簡單隨機化:可通過抛擲硬幣、抽籤、摸球、亂數表來完成。

區組隨機化:根據受試者進入研究的時間先後順序,將其分成內含相等例數( eg. 4, 6, 8 )的若干區組,而後,區組內的受試者被隨機分配至不同組別。

分層隨機化:依研究需要的某些變項( eg. BMI, gender )劃分為互斥的若干層,然後確認各層在母群體中的比例,接著按此比例分別自每一層利用隨機抽取樣本。

Page 24: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

盲法( Blind Method) 受試者或研究人員,可能導致對效果判

斷的偏倚,可通過盲法來控制. 可行性及倫理考量 Single blind

• 只有研究者知道,而受試者不知道。 Double blind

• 研究者(包括資料分析者)和受試者雙方都不知道。

Page 25: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Endpoints

Scientific: well accepted, clear and operable outcome measurements

Survival> QOL>Symptomatic>Laboratory Surrogate endpoints TCM endpoints if operable Primary and secondary endpoints Safety and efficacy

Page 26: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

Page 27: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

臨床研究的執行 研究計畫書 protocol 優良臨床試驗準則 Good clinical practice 個案報告表 Case Report Form 安全性 Adverse events 試驗藥品之管理 資料處理與分析 品質保證及品質管制

Page 28: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

中醫藥臨床研究發展方向

注意中藥的 GAP、 GMP、 CMC 以國際公認之療效評估指標、現代方法學,

建立中醫特色的研究設計 臨床試驗要符合 ICH-GCP 精神,採國際

高規格要求 整合研究資源 創造產業價值

Page 29: Cllnical trials protocol design

魏正宗 中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

CSMUH Chinese Medicine Clinical Trial Center

SMO (site-management organization) model granted by the DOH, Taiwan

SMO (site-management organization)

GCRC (General Clinical Research Center) CMCTC Chinese Medicine Clinical Trial Center

SMO (site-management organization)

GCRC (General Clinical Research Center) CMCTC Chinese Medicine Clinical Trial Center

Administrative 2 assistantsAdministrative 2 assistants

Clinical affairs 1 CRA/manager 6 CRC

Clinical affairs 1 CRA/manager 6 CRC

Data management 2 StatisticianData management 2 Statistician

3 MD3 MD

Page 30: Cllnical trials protocol design

中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

臨床試驗中心

1. 協助全院醫師臨床試驗之• 設計與規劃• 合約簽署• IRB 之送件審查• 提供研究護士• 提供專責藥師• 場地設備• 研究物品文件管理及儲存• 統計分析

2. 教育訓練3. 院內對外相關研究單位聯繫的窗口

Page 31: Cllnical trials protocol design

2013中藥臨床試驗計畫

• 計畫一 (2年期計畫之第 2年 ) ༚六味地黃丸改善骨關節炎症狀之人體試驗之隨機雙盲安慰劑對照式臨床試驗

•計畫二:酸棗仁湯及天王補心丹治療失眠之多中心隨機雙盲安慰劑對照式臨床試驗

08

Page 32: Cllnical trials protocol design

近三年中醫藥研究計畫

08

Page 33: Cllnical trials protocol design

TCM Publications, 2011-2012•Tsung‐Yuan Yang, James Cheng‐Chung Wei, Ming‐Yung Lee, C. M. Balance Chen and Kwo‐Chang Ueng. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) as add-on anti-hypertensive therapy in Taiwanese patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Phytotherapy Research 2011DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3548. (SCI, Impact factor: 2.469; Ranking: 32/59; 54%) Equal contribution to first author.•Chien-Ying Lee, Ming-Shiou Jan, Min-Chien Yu, Chun-Che Lin, James Cheng-Chung Wei*, and Hung-Che Shih* Relationships between Adiponectin and Leptin and Blood Lipids in Hyperlipidemia Patients Treated with Red Yeast Rice. Forschende Komplementärmedizin (Research in Complimentary Medicine). 2012 accepted (Impact Factor: 1.652, ranking 9/22). *Co-Correspondence•Chien-Ying Lee, Min-Chien Yu, Chun-Che Lin, Ming-Yung Lee, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Hung-Che Shih. Efficacy and Safety of Herbal Medicine Yun-Cai Tea in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: A Double-Blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2012 published online (SCI) *Correspondence

Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Chinese Medicine Clinical Trial Center 06

Page 34: Cllnical trials protocol design

中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心

中山醫學大學附設醫院中藥臨床試驗中心研究重點

整合醫學與另類醫學 中草藥臨床研究 保健食品及營養補充品 過敏 , 免疫及風濕病之治療

• 關節炎、痛風、僵直性脊椎炎• 過敏、乾癬• 免疫調節

臨床試驗服務平台 中草藥暨機能性食品臨床研究中心 生物科技之產學合作窗口

Page 35: Cllnical trials protocol design

Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Chinese Medicine Clinical Trial Center

Contact us:Contact us: CSMUH Chinese Medicine Clinical Trial Center

http://www.csh.org.tw/into/herb

James Cheng-Chung Wei, MD, PhD (魏正宗 ) [email protected]