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PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART A 12 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses

CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

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Page 1: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PART A12

The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses

Page 2: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Lymphatic System

Consists of two semi-independent parts

Lymphatic vessels

Lymphoid tissues and organs

Lymphatic system functions

Transports escaped fluids back to the blood

Plays essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease

Page 3: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lymphatic Characteristics

Lymph—excess tissue fluid carried by lymphatic vessels

Properties of lymphatic vessels

One way system toward the heart

No pump

Lymph moves toward the heart

Milking action of skeletal muscle

Rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls

Page 4: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Relationship of Lymphatic Vessels to Blood Vessels

Figure 12.1

Page 5: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lymphatic Vessels

Figure 12.2a

Page 6: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lymph

Harmful materials that enter lymph vessels

Bacteria

Viruses

Cancer cells

Cell debris

Page 7: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lymph Nodes

Filter lymph before it is returned to the blood

Defense cells within lymph nodes

Macrophages—engulf and destroy foreign substances

Lymphocytes—provide immune response to antigens

Page 8: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Other Lymphoid Organs

Several other organs contribute to lymphatic function

Spleen

Thymus

Tonsils

Peyer’s patches

Page 9: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Other Lymphoid Organs

Figure 12.5

Page 10: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Spleen

Located on the left side of the abdomen

Filters blood

Destroys worn out blood cells

Forms blood cells in the fetus

Acts as a blood reservoir

Page 11: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Thymus Gland

Located low in the throat, overlying the heart

Functions at peak levels only during childhood

Produces hormones (like thymosin) to program lymphocytes

Page 12: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Tonsils

Small masses of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx

Trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials

Tonsillitis is caused by congestion with bacteria

Page 13: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Peyer’s Patches

Found in the wall of the small intestine

Resemble tonsils in structure

Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine

Page 14: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Body Defenses

The body is constantly in contact with bacteria, fungi, and viruses

The body has two defense systems for foreign materials

Innate (nonspecific) defense system

Adaptive (specific) defense system

Immunity—specific resistance to disease

Page 15: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Immune System

Figure 12.6

Page 16: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Phagocytes

Figure 12.7a

Page 17: CVA A&P - Chapter 12: Lymph and Immunity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 12.7b

Lysosome

Microbe adheres to phagocyte

Phagocyte engulfs the particle

Phagocytic vesicle isfused with a lysosome

Microbe in fused vesicleis killed and digested bylysosomal enzymes withinthe phagolysosome

Indigestible andresidual materialis removed byexocytosis

Phagocytic vesiclecontaining microbeantigen (phagosome)

Phagolysosome

Lysosomalenzymes

(b)