Sir Behzad

Mehjabeen Malik

Rabia ArshadAsma ZafarAtif YousafRaja Taimoor

Mehjabeen MalikMehjabeen Malik

Mehjabeen MalikMehjabeen Malik

Half the world is composed of people who have something to say and can't; the other half have nothing to say and keep saying it.

Research has shown that most people would rather die than give a speech. It’s important to understand that good speakers are not born, they are developed.

Speaking is the productive skill in the oral mode.

Like the other skills, is more complicated than it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words.

INFORM PERSUADE TRAIN

Who: will be in the audience? Will they be adults, teenagers,

children, or a mixture? Will they be male or female.

You will use different language and approach depending on your audience.

Are the issues or concerns of your audience? How can you address them.

When: Will you be speaking? In the morning when the

audience is alert or after lunch when the audience is full and a little sleepy? If your speech is scheduled right after lunch, consider using a little humor or maybe an activity .

will you be speaking? In an auditorium, classroom, or outside? Consider how your audience is feeling. Are they comfortable in chairs.

Will you be speaking in a noisy environment or are there other events going on around you?

Have they come? Are they there because they want to attend, or are they required to be there? What does the audience expect to gain?

Information, views or to be entertained To be an effective speaker you need to try to give them

something of what they came for. When writing your speech, write it so you would want to hear

it, if you were in the audience.

If you are funny, they will laugh. If you are not and try to be, they will be embarrassed for you.

    If you are a nervous wreck, they will be uncomfortable

If you are bored, they will deft with you-perhaps, dozing off along the way

If you like them, they will like you.

Rabia Arshad

Opening: The first thirty seconds of your speech are probably the

most important.

There are several effective opening techniques: You could start with a thought-provoking question Recite a relevant quotation Could also use a historical reference

It is the largest part of your speech, approximately 80%. Body is the most important part of the presentation Formulating a series of points. Organize your points so that

each point will follow one another Teaching points Examples Exercises, if appropriate Periodic reviews

The closing is just as important as the opening It should be clever, thought provoking, strong, clear and

meaningful. This is your opportunity to sum it all up and send your

audience with your speech on their mines. Quotation - If you started with a quotation, refer to it as you

end

The conclusion of your presentation is consisting of the summary of presentation.

Time:The length of the presentation may vary depending on

information to be covered, time available, and the interest Time Blocks:

The length of time you plan to spend on each part of your presentation should be noted on your document to keep you on track.

Target Group Level: The level of language used and complexity of content coverage

should be adapted to the target group

Method of Instruction :Typically presentations are done through lecture. However, the methods you can use are only restricted by your imagination.

A picture is worth a thousand words” .

Enhance, add impact and it helps the audience understand complex information .

Can hurt a speech If not used properly visual aids .

Visual aids must support the speech. Do not show a picture for no reason. It will cause confusion.

Visual aids must be relevant. The visual aid must help the audience understand the message.

Only allow the audience to see visual aid when it is being discussed .

Keep it simple. Do not overload your audience with information.

People are 43% more likely to be persuaded.

Makes your ideas easier to understand.

People will remember – 85% of everything we learn comes from information taken in visually.

One picture is worth 8 minutes of talking.

Asma Zafar

Use Your Voice Effectively

Pitch : Refers to the highness or lowness of your voice Tend to speak in one major area. Lower your pitch if it is

usually high. We use to assign meaning. Like (“It’s Not What You Say,

But How You Say It”)

Is the loudness of your voice

Created by forcing air through your vocal cord by using your abdominal muscles.

You want to speak loud enough that everyone in your audience can hear you.

Speed at which you speak

Most people speak between 130 and 190 words per minute

You want to speak at a rate that the audience will be able to understand but not so slow that they want to finish your sentences for them.

Sound of your voice tone

Your tongue, palate, teeth and lips create your tone

This effects how you say your words, how you pronounce them and the overall sound of you voice

Must work toward a balanced, Voice

Mono occurs: When a speaker uses the same pitch, volume, and rate

for every word, sentence, or one Voice paragraph of the speech

Use expression, vocal variety, in your voice. In normal communication our pitch, rate, qualities will change .

Repeating vocal pattern : Occurs when every sentence sounds the same because

of the rate and pitch.

Filler words: These words or sounds fill time as the speaker is thinking or

preparing to move to a new idea . Example: “ummm,” “OK”, “all right,” “like,” “you know,”

and don’t forget   “aaaaaah. Something to help you break the habit of using filler words:

Practice your speech more to avoid this problem.

Non verbal Effects

It is cultural, situational and more powerful than verbal communication.

Body Language : communication created by your body example: eye

contact, gestures, expression, posture .

Be natural - don't move around too much or too little . Move forward for emphasis (e.g. when standing at a

podium). Relax when talking from behind a desk -this creates some

intimacy with a group . Slowly and on occasion move from side to side to engage all

parts of the class.

Do not: Stand rigid. March. Slouch Do not read from notes for any extended length of time

although it is quite acceptable to glance at your notes infrequently

Allow yourself and your audience a little time to reflect and think. Don't race through your presentation and leave your audience, as well as yourself, feeling out of breath.

Atif Yousaf

Creates credibility for presenter. Gains and holds attention. Reduces your nervousness. Supports what is being said. Minimizes distractions to participants.

Live Eyes Are the Windows to the Soul . It is the most important Non Verbal skill communicate

messages Example: Have you ever seen a child stop misbehaving

because his/her parent gave them that LOOK . The eyes can tell you if a person is happy, sad, scared,.

When giving your speech, make eye contact with the person you are most familiar with for  three seconds, then move on the another person .

Try to have eye contact with a number of people. This activity will keep them alert.

Make them feel that they are being directly spoken to make them feel part of the class.

Give them confidence in you as the instructor/presenter .

Do not: Stare (intimidate). Move your eyes from side to side (distraction). Look out the window or at the clock (indicates boredom). Look only at the training aids or chalk board. Look at your feet or at the ceiling (indication of

nervousness or timidity)

Communicate messages and emotions, enhance verbal  communication.

For example when you are excited, your facial expression will enhance the emotion .

Remember non-verbal communication is more powerful than verbal communication .

Facial Expression . Rule: Be yourself and don’t overdo it .

Use meaningful and appropriate gestures to make a point

Hand gestures can enhance a speech by providing symbols that replace a verbal message, such as the “peace” sign or the symbol for “O.K.”

Be careful when using hand gestures because meanings vary in different cultures

Do not, or at least avoid to play with keys or coins in your pocket.

Use your hands too much, touching your nose or ears and excessive coughing.

Use gestures that indicate you are washing your hand of a situation or wringing your hands because of frustration.

Use a praying gesture as some may find this offensive or foot tap as this may be perceived as patronizing.

Use a pointer, pen, pencil or chalk to point at an individual may be perceived as offensive.

Stand straight. Slouching or leaning can cause you to loose credibility.

Look like you are happy to be there. Good posture communicates confidence.

Appearance: “Look the Part” The old adage that "Clothes make the man" or woman, is still

valid Speaker should dress in a manner that will effectively

communicate your message

Dress appropriately for the occasion, not too dressy or too casual Your appearance can create a positive first impression, and make you more credible.

Dress neatly and tidily - first impressions are important. Carry yourself in a confident and professional manner.

Taimoor Tariq

Start with three P’s. Plan your presentation. Practice your presentation. Prepare yourself.

Arrive early. Meet as many people as you can—make them your friends. Meet person introducing you Give them your bio. Make sure they pronounce your name correctly.

Common error. Take time to breathe before your presentation. Breathing reduces anxiety and calms your nerves.

Sense of humor of the speaker that makes his or her speech a lot more easy to comprehend and remember Incorporating a few jokes that would touch the interests of the listeners can very well assist a speaker in conveying the message of his or her talk. No one loves a boring speaker.

Use Natural Humor - Don't try to be a stand up comedian. Use natural humor by poking fun at yourself and something you said or did. Be sure NOT to make fun of anyone in the audience. People will laugh with you when you poke fun at yourself but don't over do it.

Material thoroughly.

Put in a logical sequence what you have to say . Know what your strong and weak points .

Emphasize your strong points during your presentation.

Practice in front of family &/or friends video tape it and review or talk in the mirror This will help you to get an accurate picture of how you speak.

Give speeches often. Experience builds confidence, which is the key to effective speaking

always helps to be organized and well prepared before a presentation.

When you are well versed with your speech, it will add to your presentation skills.

If you know your material and believe in it you will be more confident and it will show in your speech.

Main secret of being a good presenter Have faith in yourself and your message, explore all phases of

subject Careful preparation provides the solid ground you need to

support your self-confidence Tell yourself you can do it , that you are more qualified than

any member of the audience to give this particular talk.

Do not pause to say sorry if you miss something.

If you are well equipped, you can stay calm .

Always concentrate on your subject more than the audience.