74
By S J Lee 고고고고고 Ph.D/PMP Lee Seouk Joo KPI 고고 고고고 고고 Version 0.9

LOgistics KPI

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

This is the material that I presented the major conference of Logistics news paper.

Citation preview

Page 1: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

고려대학교 Ph.D/PMP Lee Seouk Joo

KPI 지수 선정과 운영Version 0.9

Page 2: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

My Project Profile: 이 석 주

현 SW-SOC 동반전략추진 소프트웨어 분과장

국가 산업 융합분야 표준화 추진 전략 및 로드맵 수립 .

국가 신성장 동력 발굴 프로젝트 ( 현재 )

지자체 경영혁신 프로젝트 - 통영 , 영천 , 당진 (2008)

국가재난관리 시스템 구축 - 시군구 재난관리 (2006-2007)

Posco 비제조부문 6 시그마 프로젝트 추진 (2004-2005)

인천 동북아 물류 프로젝트 (2003)

CJ 그룹의 DNS, e-Business 프로젝트 (1999-2001)

미국 모토롤라 6 시그마 컨설턴트 (1998-1999)

자동차 전체 시스템 구축 프로젝트 (1994-1998)

현대건설 공정관리 ( 대청댐 , 성산대교 , 잠실지하 6 공구 )

2

[email protected], www.facebook.com/pmforum

Page 3: LOgistics KPI

consulting

목차

측정의 의미 지수 선정의 의미 KPI 기본개념 KPI 선정방법 KPI 운영 KPI 사례소개

Page 4: LOgistics KPI

consulting

물류 환경의 변화

Page 5: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee5

• 경제활동의 글로벌화경제활동의 글로벌화

- Global competition 의 심화

- Life Cycle 단축 / Lead Time 단축

- Global Supply Network 의 복잡화

• 기업 내부의 변화

- Core Competence 에 초점 – 아웃소싱의 증가

- 송화주부터 수화주까지 Process Visibility 의 확보

- SCM 확대로 3PL 의 기능 인식 증가

3PL 의 역할 필요

Global Logistics

필요성 증대

물류업계의 통합 및 제휴

• 물류기업의 변화

- 화주 ( 송 , 수 ) 의 다양한 서비스 요구

증대

- One-Stop Service 서비스 지향

- e-Logistics 필요

Global Logistics 환경

Page 6: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee6

물류부문의 현상

우리나라 물류부문의 가장 큰 문제는

• Supply chain network 을 원활하게 coordinating 할 수 있는 업무 프로세스의 연계 미흡 또는 부재

• 관련 시스템간 정보 교환이 어려워 인터넷 /모바일 커머스 등의 수용이 어려운 상황으로 관련 부서간 정보 공유 환경이 문제임 .

Supplier/Factory

Trucker

FreightForwarder

Carrierterminal Airlines

Cargo terminal

FreightForwarder

Trucker

DC/Buyer

Goods Issues

Pick Up

Export clearance

Build Up

DepartureArrival

Break down

Import clearance

Delivery

Goods Receipt

Step 1

Step 4

Step 2

Step 3

Step 8

Step 5

Step 7

Step 6

Step 9

InternetInternet

EDIEDICVOCVO

Page 7: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee7

“e-Logistics is the redesign and implementation of warehouse and transportation management processes using e-business as a competitive enabler.”

물류제공업자

제조업자

Raw materials supplier

DC

retailer

고객(buyer)

Component supplier

e- Logistics

• Logistics Network

Optimization

• Collaboration across Enterprises• Global Logistics

Visibility

목 표

E-Logistics

Page 8: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee8

Ou

tbo

un

d L

og

isti

csIn

bo

un

d L

og

istics

Sales and Marketing(customer)

Production(customer)

Storage

Demand Forecasts

Materials Planning

Monitoring the Suppliers

Monitoring the Orders

Deliveries to Customers

Customer service

Monitoring the speed ofcirculation

The Control of Recycled Material

Product Development and

Planning (customer)

Integrated e-Logistics (Danzas 사례 )

Page 9: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee9

“Achieving operational excellence in the supply chain is a journey, not a destination… The only way to maintain the level of operational excellence needed to survive in this environment is through continuous improvement.”

Goods Flow

Manufacturers

Wholesale Distributors

Suppliers

Customers

Information FlowsContract Manufacturers

Logistics Providers

Supplier Exchanges

Customer Exchanges

LogisticsExchanges

Virtual Manufacturer

s

Retailers

Financial Flow

Steve Banker and Sid Snitkin, “Continuous Improvement: A Foundation for Operational Excellence,” Supply Chain Management Review, March/April 2003.

물류부문의 Operational Excellence 부터

Page 10: LOgistics KPI

consulting

프로세스 개선

Page 11: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee11

잘하고 있는 건가 ?

다 잘한다고 생각한다 ..

얼마나 ?

대충 !!! 아주 !!! 잘 !!!

조직의 수익에 효율적 일까 ?

글쎄 ?

내 업무는 ?

Page 12: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee12

잘하기 위해 어디부터 고쳐야 할지 ..?

6GUTTER!

인터넷의 급속한 확산

디지털 네트워크 경제출현

유통 , 물류 프로세스

변화

인터넷 쇼핑몰의 등장

지불수단

변화• 사용자 급증• 인프라 발달• 기술의 발달• 상거래의 확대

• 지역 /국경초월• 시장의 일체화 가속 •전자자금이체 ,

신용카드 , 전자화폐• 프로세스의 투명성• 상세한 주문상태 정보

• 실시간 추적

• 배송의 Lead Time 최소화 : 실시간 주문 / 배송의 사전계획

• 고객정보

• 개별고객주문정보

공급자

수요자

Page 13: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee13

내부 사용자도 고객으로 포함된다 .

업무 전체가 정형화 되거나 가시적으로 보이지 않는다 .

개인의 경험이나 직관에 의해서 업무가 추진 수작업 업무가 많다 .

정형 업무 보다는 비 정형 업무가 많다 .

개인별 필요에 의해 유사하거나 중복된 업무 발생 업무 추진이 Cross Functional 하게 수평적으로 진행되는 경우가 많음

부서간 업무의 연결 ( 시작점과 끝점 ) 이 원할치 못하다 .

부서간 관련 업무의 상호 확인 절차가 모호하다 . 업무가 복잡하여 평가하는 판단 요인이 복잡하고 Trend 가 불규칙적이다 .

필요이상의 Non-Value Added 프로세스가 복합적으로 발생

물류 부문 업무의 특성

물류 업무특성은 비제조 분야로 일반 제조 부문과 다르다 . 일반적인 비제조 부문 의 업무 특성은 아래와 같다 .

Page 14: LOgistics KPI

14

항목 제조부문 비제조부문 비고

개선의 목적

•공정의 개선•불량율 제거

• 유사업무 /중복업무 제거• Non-Value added (NVA) 업무제거• 개인별 업무 편차• 부서별 업무 충돌

공공의 경우 기업보다 외부 조직과의 연계에서 업무 Loss 가 상당히 발생

개선 대상

• 불필요 공정의 Variation

• NVA 제거• 부서별 원활한 정보공유• 비정형 업무의 정형화• 개인별 업무 편차 제거

어떻게 Data 중심의 통계분석

Process Mapping (CFPM)

• 통계 분석도구가 20여가지• CFPM 은 간단한 경영 분석기법 4~5 가지

누가

Project 팀• Black Belt• Green Belt• 외부 컨설턴트

Cross Functional Team• 내부 업무 잘아는 사람• 외부 Facilitator/ Mapper

• BB, GB 양성기간과 그 비용이 상당함 .

얼마나 과제당 6-12 개월 프로세스당 3~12 개월 통상적으로 프로세스안에 과제가 4~5 개 존재

6 시그마 추진 방법 : 제조 VS. 비제조 (*)

Page 15: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee15

Process Improvement 의 의미

• Process를 줄인다는 뜻• 불필요한 프로세스를 제거할수록

– 프로세스의 전체 품질은 좋아지고– 프로세스의 Cycle time 도 짧아지고– 프로세스의 전체 Variation 도 줄어듬

• 따라서 전체 프로세스의 효과나 효율은 향상된다는 의미

Step 1Step 1

(.05)/(.05)/2HRS2HRS

Step 2Step 2

(.13)/(.13)/4HRS4HRS

Step 3Step 3

(.05)2HR(.05)2HRSS

(.05)

DPU

(.15)

DPU

(.10)

DPU

(.30)

Overall

TDU

Page 16: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee16

What do we Need to improve? Precision or inconsistency

LSL USL

LSL USL

LSL USL

Off-Target, Low VariationHigh Potential DefectsGood Cp but Bad Cpk

On TargetHigh VariationHigh Potential DefectsNo so good Cp and Cpk

On-Target, Low VariationLow Potential DefectsGood Cp and Cpk

Variation reduction and process centering create processes with less potential for defects. The concept of defect reduction applies to ALL processes (not just manufacturing)

Variation reduction and process centering create processes with less potential for defects. The concept of defect reduction applies to ALL processes (not just manufacturing)

Page 17: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee17

Some processes are:• Invisible

– managers delegate away their knowledge process performance is not measured

• ill conceived– processes and policies are developed piecemeal

and informally rather than designed as a whole

• Ignored– for want of a owner processes tend to be

unmanaged, neglected as a priority and rarely updated

• Inconsistent– jobs, measures and infrastructure are often

misaligned with the current process

Current Processes

Page 18: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

The Value of Measurement

Page 19: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee19

IRS – 세금관련 업무 / 공공분야

SIGMA (with ±1.5 Sigma Shift)

2 3 4 5 6 7

100K

10K

1K

100

10

1

(233 ppm)

Best in Class

부품입고검사

비행기 이착륙

(0.43 ppm)

급여계산

Journal Vouchers

이동통신업

항공화물 취급

주문 업무평균

식당 요금계산 의사처방

(6210 ppm)

(3.4 ppm)

6 시그마로 본 우리의 업무 수준

(66810 ppm)

Page 20: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee20

Cost Of Poor Quality (COPQ)

Six Sigma has a tremendous impact on revenues and the bottom line.

Sigma levels impact sales…

Sigma Level

Cost of Poor Quality

23456

Not competitive25-40% of gross sales15-25% of gross sales5-15% of gross sales< 1% of gross sales

From: Harry and Schroeder, Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Strategy Revolutionizing the World’s Top Corporations, (2000)

Improved profits

Focus on KPIs

Increasing value

Greaterquality at

lower costs

Stronger operating ratios

Growing capabilities

Improved processes

Customers get…

Owners get…

Sr. executivesget…

Participantsget…

… and results

Page 21: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee21

75% of ‘process’ projects provide benefits.

75% of application development projects fail

Process orientation works

Process Orientation Works

Page 22: LOgistics KPI

consulting

지수선정의 의미

Page 23: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 24: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 25: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 26: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Strategic Learning Loop

Initiatives & Programs

test the hypotheses

Output(Results)

reporting

Management Control Loopfunding

Input(Resources)

update the strategy

PERFORMANCE

85% of management teams spend less than one hour per month on strategy

issues

92% of organizations do not report on lead

indicators

60% of organizations don’t

link strategy & budgets

78% of organizations lock budgets to an

annual cycle

20% of organizations take more than 16 weeks

to prepare a budget

STRATEGY

BALANCED SCORECARD

BUDGET

MAKE STRATEGY A CONTINUOUS PROCESS

Page 27: LOgistics KPI

consulting

KPI 기본개념

Page 28: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee28

StrategyLevel

Business ProcessLevel

ApplicationArchitecture

DataArchitecture

NetworkArchitecture

ApplicationDesigns and

Code

Database &Data Quality

Design

Connectivity &Communication

Design

Data Center, Processor and Operating Systems Architectures

Human-IT

InterfaceModel

Screens&

Reports

SpecificProcess

Business Process

JobDesign

ActivityMeasurement

ActivityManagement

Job Aids&

TrainingPrograms

PerformanceMonitoring

System

Planning Organizing Directing Controlling Delegating

EstablishOrganization Plans

& Goals

ImplementationLevel

Process Automated via IT SystemsProcess Performed by Employees

Physical Plant and Technology Specification

The Business Process ArchiectureDefines the Organizations' Value Chains andHow All its Business Processes Fit Together,

are Managed and Measured, etc.

The Process ModelDefines a Specific Processin terms of Subprocesses,

Activites, etc.

Business Process Architecture

Page 29: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee29

Systems

Standards

Instructions

Forms

Skills

SUB - PROCESS

ACTIVITY

TASK

BUSINESSPROCESS

Process 3

Process 1

Process 2

Process 5

Process 4

Process 3

Process 1

Process 2

Process 5

Process 4

Process Hierarchy

Page 30: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee30

Process Architecture

Page 31: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee31

Source: Alec Sharp, ClariteqSource: Alec Sharp, Clariteq

Culture, core competencies,

and management systems

• Unavailable information

• Re-keying of data

• Missing functionality

• Awkward interfaces

• Lack of support for workflow

Business Process

WorkflowDesign

Information

Systems

Motivation &

Measurement

Policies and Rules

Human Resource

s

Facilities(or other)

enables enables enables enables enables enables

• Too many actors

• Non-value -added steps

• Duplicate steps

• Delays and bottlenecks

• Excessively sequential

• Inappropriate performer or process measures

• Internal rather than customer focus

• Measures of tasks vs. outcomes

• Out-of-date policies, rules, numerical limits

• Excessive approve, inform, check, or review steps

• Excessive hierarchy or centralization

• Mismatches between task value and performer

• Inappropriate recruiting and placement

• Too little empowerment

• Mismatch of work needs and facility

• No support for team work

• Layout that impedes flow of people or material

Mission, strategy, goals, and objectives

supports

Current Processes-continue

Page 32: LOgistics KPI

consulting

KPI 선정방법

Page 33: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 수행 방법론

Page 34: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 운영의 기대효과

Page 35: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

CSF/KPI 도출

Page 36: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 37: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 도출방안

Page 38: LOgistics KPI

consulting

KPI framework

Page 39: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 방법론

Page 40: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

비전과 전략파악

Page 41: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI Framework

Page 42: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 란

Page 43: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

어떤 KPI 가 기업에 필요한가 ?

Page 44: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

다양한 KPI 도출

Page 45: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

어떤 KPI

Page 46: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 도출시 유의할 점 .

Page 47: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

지표 설계 및 확정 프로세스

Page 48: LOgistics KPI

consulting

KPI 상세방법론

Page 49: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 50: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 51: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 52: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 53: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 54: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 55: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 56: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 57: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 58: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 59: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 60: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 61: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 62: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 63: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 64: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 65: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 66: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 67: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 68: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

BSC 설계

Page 69: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Page 70: LOgistics KPI

consulting

KPI 사례소개

Page 71: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

Any Questions

Page 72: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

72

감사합니다

Page 73: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee73

6 시그마는 진화중

Fact, Data 중심에서 프로세스 중심으로

결점 제거에서 가치 부가로

통계사용에서 프로세스 분석 중심으로

6 시그마 단독에서 6 시그마 , LEAN, CTR 과 연계해서

품질 결점 제거에서 간접부문 , 경영 전략과 연계해서 성과 관리까지

BB, MBB 전문가 보다는 GB, WB 중심으로

외부 컨설턴트 중심에서 내부 업무 분석 중심으로 최소의 외부 전문가로

정형화된 6 시그마에서 맞춤형 6 시그마로 ( 경영환경에 맞는 분석 방법 /도구 )

Page 74: LOgistics KPI

By S J Lee

KPI 추진시 주요 이슈와 문제점