Problem Set 3, No. 7

Name : Punithemalar HariaratnamMatrick No. : GP01285Date : 4 August 2012 (Saturday)Lecturers : Prof Madya Dr Hasani Mohd Ali

Prof Dr Aishah Bidin

UK6043 Undang-Undang dan Amalan Syarikat

Question No. 1

Name : Punithemalar HariaratnamMatrick No. : GP01285Date : 2 February 2013 (Saturday)Lecturers : Prof. Dr. Rohimi Shapiee

UK6073 Undang-Undang Perniagaan Antrarabangsa

One of the mega trends is that, future urbanization will drive integration of core city centres or downtowns with suburbs and satellite cities, resulting in expanding boundaries from the current average of 25 miles (40 km) to around 40 miles (64 km). We will witness the emergence of Mega-cities, Mega-regions and at Mega-corridors.

How to balance between economic development, human development and environmental legal protection in the Malaysian government agenda in moving towards this trend?

Mega Trends

Mega Trends are global, sustained and macroeconomic forces of development that impact business, economy, society, cultures and personal lives, thereby defining our future world and its increasing pace of change (urbanization)

Global and Asia Pacific Mega TrendsMega Trend 2020 - Frost & Sullivan

Urbanization major sub trends :• Developing of mega cities, mega regions and mega corridors• Next level of social networking• New business models• Innovating to zero – examining a world of zero emissions, zero

accidents, zero fatalities, zero defect, zero breaches of security and carbon neutral factories

• Health, wellness and aging• e-Mobility• Infrastructure• Beyond BRIC – the next emerging economies

What causes Urbanisation

Push factor• Unemployment • Poverty • Crop failure • Drought • Floods • Mechanization in farms reducing

need for farm workers • Lack of services, like healthcare

and education • Lack of Safety • Civil unrest

Pull factor• Potential for employment • Promise of a better lifestyle • Higher labor wages • Better services • Safer environment • Education and career

opportunities for women • Political Stability • Less risk of

natural hazards

There are various Push and Pull factors responsible for rural to urban migrations. These factors are social, economical, political and environmental in nature

Rise of the “new” super economies in Asia

East Asia Economic Area- Southern China (Ghuangzhau)

Asia- Metro Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok

Indonesia, Vietnam, The Philippines & Bangladeshare expected to be the ―new super economies driving the Asian growth story in 2020

BMIGT- Brunei Malaysia Indonesia Growth Triangle

Mega Trend in the Malaysian Perspective

Second Finance MinisterDatuk Seri Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Megatrends Forum 2012

Business Times, 2nd Oct 2012

“emerging trend that will have deep and wide-ranging consequence on our country - economically, socially and politically”

Economic Development

Emergence of Super Cities & Regional Economic Corridor

Legoland Malaysia is a theme park that has opened in Nusajaya, Johor

THE opening of several new attractions in the state has increased tourism arrivals in Johor significantly. Tourism arrivals since last August have increased by 35 per cent, from 11.1 million in 2011 to 15 million last year.

NST - 28 January 2013

Impact of Demographic Changing

Positive Aspects:• Aging society, many new type of industries and products will be

developed, robotic, healthcare, or self measurement• Increase in aged care facilities• Tap women and aged population• Beyond BRIC

Negative Aspects:• Increase in high pension and medical costs• Lower supply of labor for industry• Lower budget, reduced tax income• Motivation or energy (decrease)

Human Development

Managing Megacities

Institutional DimensionsDecentralization -in Indonesia, which is carefully managing the shifts in the roles of sector agencies and strengthening its local governments; in the Philippines, which has decentralized not only responsibilities, but also financial resources to local governments; and in Thailand, which has established efficient water supply agencies and is developing public-private partnerships for provision of water supplies.

Environmental ManagementUrban environmental management -use of natural gas-powered vehicles to help control air pollution in Bangkok and the installation of sewage treatment facilities to help clean up the Han River in the Republic of Korea.

Transportation ManagementUrban transportation management –Singapore's Central Area traffic control scheme, which has helped reduce congestion; and Hong Kong's MRT, Bangkok s bus lanes and Kuala Lumpur's special lanes for motorcycles, all of which help create viable alternatives to the use of private cars

Land Management Use of fiscal policies to encourage utilization of vacant lots –in Seoul, the creation of land-sharing methods for redeveloping already occupied lands in Bangkok, and the development of community mortgage programs to provide land and infrastructure for the poor in the Philippines.

Private Sector DevelopmentPrivatization of toll roads in Jakarta – helped accelerate construction of badly needed infrastructure while helping reduce congestion

Water supplies in Malaysia –which has enhanced the efficiency of water supply operations

Financing and Resource MobilizationDevelopment of strong local government -Financial management systems in Malaysia, rapid development of financial management capabilities in local governments such as Naga City and Mandaluyong in the Philippines, and the use of prices to influence the demand for transportation facilities in Hong Kong and Singapore

Wherein the vast vacancies will be filled not only by returning Malaysians, but also by Americans and Europeans seeking better prospects

Reverse brain drain

This trend examines a world of:• zero emissions• zero accidents• zero fatalities• zero defects• zero breaches of security • and carbon-neutral factories

Over 40 million electric vehicles, including electric pedal cycles, scooters, four-wheelers and buses will be sold annually around the globe in 2020. The opportunity in the e-Mobility market is not in making cars but in its value chain, batteries (including second life and recycling), charging stations and packaging innovative mobility solutions such as 'pay by electrons.'

e-Mobility will redefine personal mobility in the future

The next level of social networking will focus on geographic services and capabilities such as geocoding and geotagging to enable additional social dynamics. User-submitted data with profiles and interests will be matched with location-based services to connect and co-ordinate with surrounding people or events.

This type of geo-networking will drive markets, businesses and individuals to interact, advertise and promote in real time.

In future, competition will be between corridors, not cities and countries. What this means, is that a country like Malaysia will be working with Singapore and vice versa (Greater Singapore)

Being in a high-growth region in the world, having great infrastructure, multilingual workforce, geopolitical stability, etc

Greater Singapore is a classic city-state, whose population of 6 million (nearly 2 million of whom are actually across the border in Malaysia) generates a GDP of more than $100 billion.

Challenges in implementing and enforcing environmental protection measures in Malaysia

Issues affecting the implementation of environmental laws and the problems faced by the decision makers:• Adoption of policies which gives preference to economic development

rather than a sustainable approach to balanced economic development and environmental protection;

• Lack of coordination between various government agencies endowed with decision making in planning and economic development;

• Characteristics of the civil society• Lack of resources such as manpower and expert

professional and finance

• The government must be prepared to promote active public participation to assure successful implementation of environmental policies and legislation. Most countries realize the importance of public participation in development planning since this will instill a sense of belonging and ensure adherence by the general public.

• The law can only be effective if there is concurrence at all the strategic levels of the government i.e. the local, state and federal government in prevention of pollution and restoration of the environment.

• The Federal government must be given more powers in dealing with environmental problems rather than leaving it to the discretion of the states in order not to encroach the powers of the powers in dealing with land and natural resources as enshrined in the Federal Constitution.