graphic design 2POSTER DESIGN

Milton GlaserDylan

GENERAL DESIGN

Basic types of graphic design– Information design

• Informs and identifies (logos!)– Editorial design

• Magazines, books, newspapers– Promotional Design

• Advertising, promotional materials» Applications often overlap

PROMOTIONAL DESIGN

Promotional Design– Meant to promote sales or persuade.

• Includes advertisements• Banners• Websites• Packaging• Brochures• Postcards• Posters

POSTERS

Posters– A two-dimensional, single-page format used

to display information, data, schedules, offerings, and to promote people, causes, places, products, companies, services or organizations.

• Graphic Design Solutions, Chapter 7, pg 172– Posters are produced in multiples and are

meant to be hung in public places and to be seen from afar.

• Outdoor advertising (billboards, signs)

POSTERS

Concepts to consider when creating a poster:– Communicate a clear and easily understood message– Must be read from a distance– Include important information– Establish strong information and visual hierarchy– Create a memorable, unique design– Create an appropriate design, true to the spirit of the

subject/message

POSTERS

Make up of a poster:– Image based

• Pictorial, abstract, symbolic, illustrative, graphic, photographic, collage, combination

– Type based– Combination of text and imagery

• Most posters are combinations of text and image

POSTERS

IMAGE BASEDPOSTER– Symbolic– Graphic– Collage

Luba LukovaPeace

POSTERS

TEXT BASED– Unique typography

Robert IndianaLove

POSTERS

COMBINATION– Unique typography

Henri-Toulouse LautrecMoulin RougeHis first poster, sold for $250,000-the most expensive poster to date

POSTERS

History of the poster– The poster, like most of the graphic arts, has

evolved with technology.• Posters before the 19th century were traditionally

known as BROADSIDES- large sheets of paper with lots of text announcing sales, events, etc.

– Reproduced through letterpress, engraving, or woodblock printing

POSTERS

Broadsides– Letterpress

Negros for Sale1859Letterpress

POSTERS

Broadsides– Letterpress

Clarke, F. N.Will you fill your quota!1863Letterpress

POSTERS

Woodblock

Albrecht DurerRhinocerus1515Woodblock print

POSTERS

Woodblock

Hokusai Katsushika Under the Wave off Kanagawac.1829-1833 Color woodblock print

POSTERS

Engraving

J.C. KayserCommercial Directory1823 Engraving

POSTERS

Intaglio

Bureau of Engraving and Printing One Dollar Bill1923Intaglio

POSTERS

History of the poster– The development of lithography allowed the

poster to bloom in the 19th century.• Lithography invented in 1798, adapted for mass

reproduction of posters in Paris in the 1870’s• It was originally a drawing done on stone

– Alois Senefelder, a Czech, invented it – It was popularized by Jules Cheret’s 3 Stone process

using Red, Yellow, Blue stones

POSTERS

Lithography

Jules Cheret Job Cigarette Papersc.1889 Lithograph

POSTERS

Lithography

Alphonse Mucha Job Cigarette Papersc.1898 Lithograph

POSTERS

Lithography

Norman Rockwell Saturday Evening Postc.1916-1950 Lithograph

POSTERS

Lithography

Norman Rockwell Saturday Evening Postc.1916-1950 Lithograph

POSTERS

History of the poster– Lithography began to phase out after the

1920’s, when photo offset started taking hold.

• Used frequently in World War II posters• Used halftone patterns to reproduce images

– Origins of present day offset printing

POSTERS

Photo-offset

Nazi Propaganda

Election Poster

1932

POSTERS

Photo-offset

John Heartfield

The Meaning of Geneva

1932

POSTERS

Photo-offset

Office of War Information

Loose Lips Sink Ships

1942-1945

POSTERS

Photo-offset

Armin Hofmann Giselle

1959

POSTERS

Photo-offset

Muller-BrockmannLess Noise

1962

POSTERS

History of the poster– Silkscreen printing, known also as serigraphy,

uses stencils to reproduce images.• Serigraphy is one of the oldest art forms• In the 1900’s silkscreen printing as we know it is

developed in England. It would utilize a silk fabric as screen to develop a stencil.

– Many t-shirts are done this way!

POSTERS

Silkscreen

Andy WarholMarilyn

POSTERS

Silkscreen

Shepard FaireyHOPE2008

SYMBOLS

Posters:– http://www.internationalposter.com/– On printing:– http://www.commarts.com/CA/coldesign/davL_

175.html

SYMBOLS

Graphic Design Solutions-– Chapter 8