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LANDSCAPE URBANIS JOSEPH JOSEPH CHALISSERY

Landscape urbanism

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Page 1: Landscape urbanism

LANDSCAPE URBANISM

JOSEPH JOSEPH CHALISSERY M2 UD

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What is Urban Landscape The urban landscape is

essentially the overlay between a city’s natural systems – the water, trees, air quality, open space, and biodiversity – and its human systems – the sidewalks, bike lanes, fields, transit systems, infrastructure, etc. 

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What is Landscape Urbanism Landscape Urbanism -

theory of urban planning arguing that the best way to organize cities is through the design of the city's landscape, rather than the design of its buildings.

Nicola Saladino: 'Dredging Identities: Lingang'

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Landscape Design vs Landscape UrbanismLandscape as just one of many components that make up a larger urban whole, an additive piece that may be needed, but is not required to make things work

shaping, organising and servicing bases upon which forms of social, economic and ecological relations operate.Providing for Public Health.Managing WaterReimagining Infrastructure

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GENESISFrank Lloyd Wright´s Broad acre city (1934-35)

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GENESISLudwig Hilberseimer’s New Regional Pattern (1945-49)

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GENESISCentral Park, Manhattan ,New YorkUrban void, between the city and the territory

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GENESISThe Fens (Boston, Massachusetts)-The Back Bay Fens

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GENESISAmong the first projects to orchestrate urban program as a landscapeProcess was the 1982 Competition for Parc de la Villette, in 1982,la Villette invited submission for Urban Park for the 21stCentury over a 125-acre Site, at PARIS.

Entry by Bernard Tshumi Entry by Rem Koolhas

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late 1990s the phrase 'landscape urbanism' was used by landscape architects in the United States to

refer to the re-organisation of declining post-industrial cities, such as Detroit.

1994 first appeared in the work of Peter Connolly, a Masters of Urban Design student from RMIT

Melbourne. Connolly used the phrase in the title for his Masters of Urban Design proposal at RMIT

Melbourne. he suggested that 'a language of "landscape urbanism" barely exists and needs

articulating', and that 'existing urbanisms are limited in the exploration of the landscape'.1996 Tom Turner – “The city of the future will be an infinite series of landscapes: psychological

and physical, urban and rural, flowing apart and together. They will be mapped and planned for special purposes, with the results recorded in geographical information systems (GIS), which have the power to construct and retrieve innumerable plans, images and other records. Christopher Alexander was right: a city is not a tree. It is a landscape.

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1997

The first major event with 'landscape urbanism' -Landscape Urbanism conference sponsored by the Graham Foundation in Chicago in April 1997.- Speakers included Charles Waldheim, Mohsen Mostafavi, James Corner, Adriaan Geuze.

exploring the artificial boundaries of Landscape Architecture, Urban Design and Architecture, searching for better ways to deal with complex urban projects.

2000s it was used in Europe by architects to mean a highly flexible way of

integrating large-scale infrastructure, housing and open space. By the late 2000s, the phrase became associated with highly commercialized, multi-phase urban parks, such as Olympic park design.

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QUOTES-James Corner- "Terra Fluxus." He has identified four general ideas that are important for use in Landscape Urbanism. They are as follows:1 Process over time -. Landscape Urbanism is concerned with a working surface over time – a type of urbanism that anticipates change, open endedness and negotiation.2 Horizontality - The use of horizontal alignment in landscaping, rather than relying on vertical structuring.3 Working Methods /Techniques - Those who practice the idea of landscape urbanism should be able to adapt their techniques to the environment that they are in.4 The imaginary - That in many ways the failing of twentieth century planning can be attributed to the absolute impoverishment of the imagination to extend new relationships and sets of possibilities 

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Vision in Motion: Representing Landscape in Time- Christophe Girot

“The deconstructed fragmentation of the city should be taken as model. The situationist discourse of the last few years has had no significant impact in the realm of landscape except for its further degradation nor does it necessarily mean that we always have to refer to the traces of a given site to legitimate some form of action.”

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GrahamShane- OnLandscape“Urbanists want to continue the search for a new basis of a performative urbanism that emerges from the bottom up, geared to the technological and ecological realities of the postindustrial world.”

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Kenneth Frampton“ Priority should now be accorded to landscape, rather than freestanding built form in the making of cities” “ Priority should now be accorded to landscape, rather than freestanding built form in the making of cities”

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Stan Allen“Increasingly, landscape is emerging as a model for urbanism, landscape has traditionally been defined as the art of organizing horizontal surfaces by paying close attention to these surface conditions -not only configuration but also materiality and performance-designers can activate space and produce urban effects without the weighty apparatus of traditional space making.”

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RETHINKING THE URBAN SURFACEMentougou, Beijing China

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Criticism One opponent is New Urbanism, led by Andres Duany, which promotes

walkable communities and smart growth with its Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and Traditional Neighborhood Design (TND). Duany stated that “density and urbanism are not the same.” Further, “unless there is tremendous density, human beings will not walk.”  The result is patches of green sprawl that lose connectivity to the greater network.

Emo Urbanism is another philosophy critical of Landscape Urbanism. The movement contends that Landscape Urbanism views ecology as an aesthetic element of style and not infrastructure. The artificial ecology replaces the entropic state to re-create a "natural" landscape that fits a particular brand or aesthetic. The loss is a dynamic, adaptive, and certainly essential urban system. Emo urbanism differs by making evolving "nature" a key component of the design process. The realization of this process is called “urbanature