Upload
others
View
14
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
������� ����� �� ������� ��������
������ ������ ����� ������� ��� �
�!�"!#$ ��%�&
���' (��)�
�*#$ :,�-� .�/����
����� 0 �123�� ������ 425�67 8�/���� 9�:!��
;��� �� �<�-� =2%>� ��?���� ��123�� �@��A� ;
���6� B�!� �% �%�C D����'E �E��F 0 9�,�-� .�/����
GHI :J���C .�/�$
:الدكتور إشراف ا�ستاذ :من إعدادا الطالبة
K����<�? L6�6 ��F� M�3)� �C
��$�!N� �!� O�PCQ
R�-� S��� �6� ������� ��T�� ���<A� ��%��� �3H��
E..���F �F��C @�V W��6Q;Q ��%�&J���!% ��XY�;�!�"!#$ �#���
Q.E.��F� M�3)� �C W��6Q������� ����� J���!% ��XY� ��%�&;�!�"!#$ �Z�%� ���%
E.9�HC [�\ @�V W��6Q;Q ��%�& 8 J�%1945 �N�$ ��PC
E.(E�H�� J��Z @�V W��6Q;Q �?�!C ���b �&�? ��%�& �PC�
E.����C ��5�? @�V W��6Q;Q �?�!C���b �&�? ��%�& ��PC
E. �V c�Z�? @�V W��6Q;Q J���!% ��XY� ��%�&;�!�"!#$ ��PC
���%��� �!#��2017/2018
< << << << <
����� �������� �������� �������� ���::::
�{�{�{�{�g�f���������e�d�c�b��a� �̀_�~�}�g�f���������e�d�c�b��a� �̀_�~�}�g�f���������e�d�c�b��a� �̀_�~�}�g�f���������e�d�c�b��a� �̀_�~�}
�s�r�q�p�o�n�m��l�k�j�i�h�s�r�q�p�o�n�m��l�k�j�i�h�s�r�q�p�o�n�m��l�k�j�i�h�s�r�q�p�o�n�m��l�k�j�i�h
�~�}�|�{�z�y�x�w��v�u�t�~�}�|�{�z�y�x�w��v�u�t�~�}�|�{�z�y�x�w��v�u�t�~�}�|�{�z�y�x�w��v�u�t
¢�¡���¢�¡���¢�¡���¢�¡���££££������¥�¤��¥�¤��¥�¤��¥�¤��������§�¦§�¦§�¦§�¦¨̈̈̈�����«�ª�������������©�«�ª�������������©�«�ª�������������©�«�ª�������������©zzzz
]]]]� � ��� � ��� � ��� � �� : : : :7 � � � �11111111[[[[
†è‚Ïiæ<†Ó†è‚Ïiæ<†Ó†è‚Ïiæ<†Ó†è‚Ïiæ<†Ó
<Ý^³c<î×Â<�Þ^Â_æ<�ÏÊæ<á_<î×Â<ğ]†}aæ<÷æ_<�]<†Ó_Ä•]çj¹]<ØÛÃÖ]<]„â<J< <
<á^ʆÃÖ]<l^Û×Ò<î*_æ<†Ó+Ö]<l]…^fÂ<Ñ‚‘`e<äqçi_<^ÛÒ͆+¹]<ëƒ^j‰ù<á^ßjÚ÷]<Øèˆqæ<<<<<‚fÂ<…çjÒ‚Ö]<ƒ^j‰ù]<‚fÂ<…çjÒ‚Ö]<ƒ^j‰ù]<‚fÂ<…çjÒ‚Ö]<ƒ^j‰ù]<‚fÂ<…çjÒ‚Ö]<ƒ^j‰ù]
<…ç^<<ÀéË£]<…ç^<<ÀéË£]<…ç^<<ÀéË£]<…ç^<<ÀéË£]ý]<äÖçfÎ<î×Â<h^Ã’Ö]<ä×éÖ„iæ<Í]†<å]ˆrÊ<HäÖ^Ç_<ì†nÒæ<HäjÎæ<Ðé•<ÜÆ…<Häãéqçiæ<äv’Þæ
ğ]P}<�Â<�]JJJ< <
^ÛÒ<舜<Ý‚Ïi_Ø<Ö]<†Ó+<±c<á^ßjÚ÷]æÂ_^–<ð¢íß<]¹^ß+Î<í‰_i^„êi<]ù^ÊØ•<]„Öàè<ʆç<^v’Þ<HYÖ^‰…<í+Î^ß²<êÞ
<ØÒæ<H^ãéqçiæÞ‚Â^‰<àÚê<‚éÃe<àÚ<æ_<gè†Î<àÚ<HØq_<àÚ<íéÛ×ÃÖ]<ì\^¹^e<êÞ‚Ú_æ<ovfÖ]<]„â<Ý^³cJ< <
< <
< <
ð]‚âý]ð]‚âý]ð]‚âý]ð]‚âý]< <
<ë‚Ö]æ<|æ…<±cJJJíߢ]<å]çnÚ<ØÃqæ<Hå]†m<�]<gé<J< <
íµ†ÓÖ]<êi‚Ö]æ<±cæ<JJJHíéÊ^ÃÖ]æ<ív’Ö^e<�]<^â‚Ú_< <
…çËÇÖ]<‚fÂ<͆_<�e]<�éÂ<ì†Î<±cæJ< <
<Hå\çqæ<àÚ<Í‚a]<Õ…\_æ<ì^é£]<í߉<ÜãÊ<àÚ<ØÒ<±cæÝø¿Ö]<»<‹ËÞù]<^a<xjËji<íÃh<äŠËÞ<àÚ<ØÃqæJ< <
<HÄ•]çj¹]<ØÛÃÖ]<]„â<ë‚â_<�]<àÚ<Ø–ËfÊ<kf‘_<ádÊå‚uæ<�<Ù^ÛÓÖ^Ê<l`Ş}_<ácæJ
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
< << << << <
íÚ‚ÏÚíÚ‚ÏÚíÚ‚ÏÚíÚ‚ÏÚ< << << << <
<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
2
���� ��� �� ��� �� �� ����� ��� �� ������� ������ ������ �� �! "����� ������ �#$$% � &��� &��!� '�$()� ����*� $���� ��+ �������
, �$-�� .���!�� . ��# , #0 $�$��� 12�0 3 � �,! $��� ��$�� 45�� �� ������, ������ �%�� �� 6�-��� .� $���5� �� � 2+ � !7� ,����)� . ,$8��� ��$���
,� %��� , �� ��� &�� �)� ���� '�$(�� �-��� .�2�0 �, ���� 9�8+ ,:������ �% � $%� ���� ��$�� �� , ;��(�� , -2��� < �+� ��= � �, $���5�� ���:�� >��8������� �;��(�� �%;�:�+� ? 8�� �� &���-��� ��� 2+ �:)=� '�$(�� @���A�.
������ .���� ��A �, $8�� ��!B�� � ���*�� , ����� 6�+�� .���0 �+ �� �2��� ,�5 ��A " �+�� �C�8�� &���A ��!� ��� ������ �;�$D ��� ��� $�� �
–"���� )�F ����� 4 �2��� 1��� �.�$�5 ��� .���� 42� �� ��� �� F"���� )�F �)� �%- ��� �� G���� "�H�2 �%H:�� 6�2��� � �=�2
�;����� $��� "D� �� 2$��� ��# ? 8�� �� "� �� ��$�� .)�� �� 2 �� ������,$8��� .��$*�� .�� �I� �� ���� ��$�2 �% )� ����� ���� .� ��+J� ��H�� , ��
�K��*� ��(��� " H�� ,�7� � � � �>L��)� , � ;��� "�%�� 9$�A �H� , ������ � ,���2� ?����� 6�=0 �� 48� �%��+ �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:��
�%2 ��%�� )2.5 R# �� ).(
��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� " H�� �)� .25�-� $8� ,��$)� , �K�� T��� U�:�� �� 3�2)� >���� �%��= � �-� �� ���8�� � &� 2+ ,�����
�%�$= �� ���:� � V�*� . , ��+�� ,2���� �� ���8�� M)� � T0 M) "� �N��<����� >��8�� ��%2 V�%���� �U�:�� ���8��� � 7�� . ������ L$�� ,5�� �� �K�
�� ��8-�� ���0 � 2, $���5��� , �� ���� , = ����� .�� (��� � !7� .�� ����: . .!$�0 ����:�� ��8-�� " H��� � ��� ,K5��� , ��-��� ,H�0 �;����� .!�� 3 �
<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
3
�� &� � &�8+ � �-�� >��5 �% � ��2 �T�;����� ������� >��8)� &$ $� ,) +���� T��� ������ ����0��� ������� �%2�)�0 ��A &���2 ��8���� $-2 � +) .)8�,��:�� �� ������ � ���� >��5 ���+ �4����.
,��:)� ������ � ���� ����5 1� 3 �)1( �+� �� ��2�8 ��$ �K��*� '��2 &$�:����� �&$�$� � D &$� �%2 >�:���� ��-�� ,���� , ��� .� ��(���
�0 6�� �%������ �#��! � �%+��� �0 �% � ����� "%� ��� � �+� �"%������ ���A �� �A �%��(��� ��� � �+ ��% )� ����� �0 �#��� A �0 "$�8���2.
�K��0 �! ���(��� ��$ , ����� M�N� ,-2�� , ��� �K��0 ,! . 82 �*�, ������ &��!�� ����5 �%�7� �� �$� $8� �.� $)2��)2(� T��� � ��$ �K��*� ���$2 1
4 �.� ���-� �+� �� , $�� �0 , ��� ,:�2 �%2 >�:���� &$2X ,:�2� �2�83���� ��$ ��+��� ,!���� ��A �%��8��� , ��+A . �����)� �2�5 � D >�:���� ?� �82 �+
)� ����� �0.
)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-�� ��(��� �����8�� "�H��� , ���$�� "�0� ����� �,��$ V�*�2 U�:�� ,5�� $��0 T���� �, +������ �H �� &$$���� , �+���2F �
>��8�� , $�$� �)� �2)� <+-��F +%�� "� T��� �G�=�� ���:�� >��8�� ��2 $8� � " 7��� .�'���A �� �� �$�� �H �+ �����:�� ������ ��2A &�$���� ,�� �
–8���� $-2��F �)� '�K8��� @����� �;���� �$�-�� 4 ����� '��D .�� .� ����� ������� =* ������ ��(���.
,��� , ����2�� ,�*� �*�1986 �T�;����� T$���5�� "�H��� ,���# .�%H0
)1 (_ "5� �*�68 F653 �� ]�X��30 �2�2�1968@ �,��:�� �� ������ � ����2 G�=�� � ,��� �1969 �>15G �154. )2 (_ "5� �*�71 F73 �� ]�X�� �08 �2���1971 2 ?)-���@ �, ������ &��!�� ,��� �1971 �> 79 �
G1972.
<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
4
������ � ���� >��5 � �+ ,)+ # �� �H��� &$��A "� $8� ����:�� ��$ �� �� � � ��� �� ��(��� "�H� $ ��� ? �� �� �, ������ &��!)� &���=�� .� ���-���� ,��:
, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 �� $��� � �#� �,��$)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�)1( T��� � ��K��*� ��(��� �� "%�� ��X� ,��� � � ��:�� � ����� � +� $%���
��� ��+ �% � 5��-�� �+ '�(�I2 , ��8��� <�+ T�+� � "�H� < �7�� ��% � ��2��� .���X�� , ��8��� "�-�� ��H��� �� �%�$ � , ��:�� .��!����
,��$�� ��.
��H� �.��+��� � $ $-�� ��!0 , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ? 2�� �0 � D�� $��� V��:� ����� ����� �)� " =� ���� &� 2+�� , ��!)� ���8 � %:� � �
,���=�� ,����0 4 �K5��� $- T��� �*� ����� ���A ��� ��=��� �-��2 , �� "%��� ���:�� $��-�� � $ :���� M) 3 � ��:� ����8�� �#��2� ���� , ;����
� ���� . �+� � G)=� � ������ �-�� 0$2 , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 �50 �2��,;��� ,�� ����$ �H �� �$� �0 M�� �, ����$��1976 ��+������ ����� ��
,��� �� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��8�A , ��+A ���� ����0 _$�2�� 4 ?2��� � T���� ?� "%�+) ,��$�� �0 ��8�� �+* �"% )� ,K��:�� .�������2 � $ :���� ��=A
��� �0 � � � �";�$�� >�:���� � )� ������ �������� �8�)� �2�5 � ��8� � � � �8� �(���� �+ "� �A �,82���� , ������ ,H�*� �H �� ��=� ?� $�� ��+ �$-2
� ����� ?� M) �0 ��$ >� ��� ��� �:�2 '���� ��(��� 9�� M) .
T��8-�� ����� ����5 ��$� $-2�)2(X�� �K��*� >���A �)� ��� � ��A , � �>���A �� , ��:�� .��!���� � $ $-�� �K��0 .��+ �� )�*� �%+�
)1 ( _ "5� ����8��87 F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� , : + �2K �K���
"%��2���� � ��:�� � � ���� ?�8� $ $��� , ����� M�N�� @ � ���2 &�$���� �09 �2� $1989 >50. )2 (_���8�� "5� �90F25 �� ]�X�� �18 �2���1990 �K�����@ �T��8-�� ��� ,��� �1990 �>49.
<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
5
4 ��-��� � '�X# , K5 ������ �"%� ,����� ?�8��� , 5 �� � $ :���� M+�V�*� M)�� ,) �� �� 3�2�� ��A �@����� �;���� V�*�.
)�� ���:�� ��8-�� �+� �0 .2!0 45���� L�*� ��-���� �� �+ ,��$)� M� �% � ,��$�� M)� ,8 �� ��$ ,! �0� �V�*� M) �2 � ,5�� �� ���(����� ����5 �� � +:��� "� $8� �"H� ���A �� � (�� ,����2 �%��(��� "� �+� �V�*�� ��� <�+ ����5 ��$�A "�� �,��$�� 1���� , +)�� '�82 ;�K �)� ?8�� $ $��)1(
,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� T���� � $2 "�H�+ . $8� �� ������ ,��$ � �� ��!�2 >�K� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ��+ �$-2� ���� T���� �$ $��� ����8�� '�K �)� >�K��� <:� �� 3�2�� ,)��� ����=�
�� .�# &$�� , �:� ,�0 4 8 2�� ��*� � $2�� �# ���:�� ��8-�� � .)-�� �$�2.�5����� >��8�.
�# ��!�2 ����� ��+ ��A�"������� � ����� � ���� ������ ���� ��� � ����
������� �� ��� �� !� ��" ��� �#���� �$��%��" ����� ��+2 "%�� �� ��:�� ��8-�� � ���� ��%� ������$ �0 ��A ���*� �� ��-2 "�� �0 �+ � ���
� 9�=*�), :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�� ,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� .( ��$����� 3 � �, ��:�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � ���� ��%2 >���� "��#� �� ,��- �)� ,���$�� ��#
M�)�� ���:�� ��8-�� ��+ ��A � $+7������!�� �-� �# ,��$) ,��:)� $ ����� ��� "� �+ , �;�����.
�� �!�� , � ;� , ��+�A �)� '�K�� � )�� ������ $5� : &� '� () *�+
��" ��� �#���� �$��%� ������ �#�,- � #� �� .#�-� � (������� /�0 ��
)1 (_ "5� ����8��10 F03 ]�X�� �15 .�02010 ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� .� : +� ���� $$� T���
@ �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,��� �2010 �>46.
<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
6
1������ �� ��� �� !�3 � � ��%2 � ���%#0 .�X����� � ,��� , ��+�� : � b�� ��� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���� >���� �%-K� ���� .�� ��+ �� �# ��(��� �� "%�� ��X� ,��� � � ��:�� � �!���� $ $��� ����8�� �+ � �#� &����)� , ��-�� ,H��� ��A �;����� "�K�� ��+ ��A� b� 5��� , 0 ��$ �K��*�
)OMC (8�� '�(�A 2�� �'���� �, 2��*� .���!���� �)� $� : ����8�� 1� �# � �!���� �0 �)c� ��A ,��= b"�-�� ���:�� >��8�� �� ��!����2 6���N� $ $��� �,! $��� .� �8��� ��-��� �� G8��� ��+� �"�$��� � ���� G8� � ����- � )���
���0 � ,- 2��� 2 $��� � �)� $������.
� 3�2�� >�K� ,!�$� "D� F "� , ��:�� .��!���� � $ $-�� �0 � �$2"� �� $�� �� ��� $�8� �)� �����F &����*� �%2 .�5 ����$� ,���� ,! �0 �A
", +� � �+" ����� �� 6��+ ��= � �" ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ����� �� "�� V-2 �� �H� ,%�� �%� .��+ �A��%;��� ?���� "� �;��.
.��)-�� V-2 6� D �! �9�=0 �+�� 4����� ,d)5 6��� ��A ���$�� �+ �X�� �$�� ,��72� $ $� �72 ��)8�� ������ ��$ �0 ����� ,��+ .�:�X��2 ,8)-���
�# �+.
� ��)-��� $8� &���J��� )� @ ( ����� �, ���� &$ ���� �)� ,��$)�)> ($)�� ��)-���� , ;�K8�� .��)� ,2����2 �0 ��#$$� �)� ,��� )? "(� ������ �+
4����� ,;�5 $-2 &���2 �#��2�� ����� ?���� V-22 ��!�2 '��!A.
, ����8�� G����� �)� ����0 �+�2 ��$����� ,��=��� 6�+�� G8� "�0����� e%��� � �+ ��+ $8� �.� )-���� � ������ M)�� �) )���� e%���� �:
�8��� T��� 42��� ��A ��$�5 T��� �= ����� e%��� ��)-��� �+ �6��*� �# G����� &$ $��� , �8��� ��# >���� �)�� ��� $8�(������ ����� �)� ��!�2 ,�= .��+� �:
<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚ<íÚ‚ÏÚJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
7
��%� 2 "�� :������� � 4������ �#���� ����� � ���� 5#��� ��6�.
�����%� �� :�+������ "�H��� �H �� ��(��� " H��� ���:�� ��8-�� ���
�� 8�� ����� : ����2 )�� "�H��� �H �� ��(��� " H��� ���:�� ��8-�� ���
�� 8�� 2 "�� :������ ��� �� ����� � ���� ������ (�� 6 �- � #� ��
��%� ����� :� $8� 1�� �����8�� ������� ��
�� 8�� ����� :�� ��� $8� � :��
� � ���
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV.......................... †ñ]ˆ¢]<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi†ñ]ˆ¢]<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi†ñ]ˆ¢]<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi†ñ]ˆ¢]<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi
8
< << << << <
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV< << << << <
<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…çŞi†ñ]ˆ¢]†ñ]ˆ¢]†ñ]ˆ¢]†ñ]ˆ¢]< << << << <
.��� �� ���8�� � &� 2+ ,����� ��A �;����� �� ���:�� ��8-�� 4K=:�� '��!0 '��� �$�2)� , $���5��� , �� ��� .�%����� ���� T��� 6�2���� &��
�, ��-���� ,�� �)� , � ������� �$#*� � ���:�� ��8-�� ��+ 3 � �, ��-���� ,2�)��� .� +)�� >������ �)� .�+� ,�� �� �8 2�� ��8���� $-2 3$� � �0 �%-2� �� �$���5�� '��2� ,��$�� , +) 9��*�2 �0 �, ����� , +)�� �)� $������
$� 5� .� 7� � ,��=�� , +)�� �)�)��%� �����.(
��8-�� ��� � (� �����2 )�� e%��� ��2�� �+������ e%��� �� �)=��� $-2� ����� '�K �)� ��(��� "H�� ���� G����� �+ �� �H��� &$��A "�� ���:��
$ $���)�� 8�� �����.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
9
Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]VVVV< << << << <
<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»êÒ]r÷]êÒ]r÷]êÒ]r÷]êÒ]r÷]< << << << <
�H� �� ,2 �D , ��8� , -K� ����:�� ����� $�� �����8��� $$-�2 .���?2��� ����8�� �$��� "�+�0� ���*� ,��$��2 , ��-�� $���8�� )� .(� T���
, ���� ,- ����. �-� $8� �$)2�� �� $;���� ������ �# ��+ ������� ������ �*�� ��-���� ��� ��A ����:���A ��2�K ������� >��8����A 9$0 � � 4 ��� &$��A
� � �2� � ���5 ���2� ���:�� ��8-��� 6�=0 �� 45����� � �-)� 42�� �#$�0�� �;����� +) T��� � )��� >��5 �% ��!� , ������ .������� � ��+����
���� V�*� , ��� 3 � � ,:)=� .��� � �-�� �;)��%� :" ��(.
��8���� �)� �%���� &�$D , ����� ,�)��� �)� �%��� � �+ "��� ���AT��-���� T��8-�� "�H��� 4 , ����� ,- �8��� �-�� $�� 3 � �� ;$2 2 �0 d�A
�� V�*� ��2���� �-� , ����� &$� ��� ��� � ��# �+ � ��0 $ $���� ������� � �� 3����� ���:�� ��8-�� ,�* ,)�� ,���- �� >���� >���
, ��-���� ,28����+� � T��� �+������ ����� � !7� .�� M���C ,��$�� ��2�) :" ��
�� 8��.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
10
��%� :" ��
4������ �#���� ����� � ���� 5#��� *�< �#� ����� �"��� �8)
)� , $�:�� ,����� �A���� ���A �� �-�� K��� T�;����� U�:� �22� .��+,��L$)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-�� �%� 4K= ���� , ������ ,H�*� �� ��� �� � � ;�.
<���N� , )2��� .�-:���� �� �;�28�� .�-��8 �+ �0 ,����� ��# $+X ��� "� ����M)�� >�� � .��+ �, ��!-�� ,�)�)� 4K=�. ��+� ,-:��� ?�2 ��+�� M����
, $�� ,:�2 6��+ ?� �#�. �-���� .� ���0 � ��+�� ?��� ��# '�(�A ����:�� 2���*�� � �;����� � 2 .��-�� � %��� �� �� M�*� M)� ��(��� ��+ �A�
>�� �+�� M�� L$�� ��A , ���� ��� .���2���� � �% �� ���� ,);�-�� &$�� �%#0 �2��*� ��(�� . ��-���� '�� �25 ���:�� ��8-�� , -K� ������ �) � ��
����:�� )2�6 �� %���( $�%� "! ��# ��(��� " H��� - ��� &$��A � 2� �� � =*� � , ���:�� � ���8�� ?��)2�6 �� ��� 8�(.
��%� 2�6 ��
������� ����� �"= ����� � ���� �#���
� .��+���� �# ����:�� ������ �25 V�*$ &��!)� �� ;���� &� �� ,����T�;����� 4��)�. $���0 �� � , ��� , )28�� , +)�� � T��8-�� �H� �7� ,) 28�� �0 f�-��� ,��=�� , +)���F� �% H�� �� 4K=�� ��� � �!+*� �+��� �#
, ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 ��A �%���$�� �� �20 ���#*� )5��� T��� ,-:��� ?� �#�%�0�$�F. ����� <�2��� �0 5��� "�H� ��+��� �� �+2����� 8:�� � � . �0 � D
<��*� ��# �)� ���:�� ��8-�� 4 ���� ��+ �)� , = ��� ���� $�$�� . �) � ��
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
11
������ M���*� '�� �25 ���:�� ��8-�� 4K�)��%� /����( �$-2�)�� 8�� /����.(
��%� /����
�� �"= ����� � ���� >$�? ����%�
���-�� �� �8 ���� ����� ������ � ��0 "# �2�2�� �0 ��=�X�� ��8 , $8��)1(. ,)+ .'�� $5�"�2�2" ,)+ �2�8 ��"? �D��"� � � ��� 6���*� ��-��
, ���� �� ,()�� ��)+� � ���� �� �� �0 "%5�� ��A�"%�� "% � @�$��� ��K�� �. ������� " H���� � , ;�$2 ,)��2 �2��� "��� ��# �*�� ,)+�� ��# .��� $8�
,� �%��"�2�2 " ��:)=��� "��5*� ��-2��� �%�� �0 ��������� ���� %� ,� $ �" &��K� ��� ��*� ,)+2 "%�:�0 ��� �0 ��)K� ��%�g. �# ,);�-�� �0 ,) 28�� .��+�
$ ���� "%�H�� ��$� �� V�*� .2�� �L ��� - ����+� "% ��� . � D ��# �0�%�� � �� �� 2 .�!7�� �2��*� ��(�� � .��� $5 , ��2�� ,������ �� � � �
���:�� ��8-�� ��(��� ,8 �� .�A �%��� , ������ , ��:�� �K��*� �=7� ")� ��
)1 (F� )��� 6�-�� '�� $-2� � ���� ��A �2�2�� ��+�� ������ " �8� &� ��* �%H �# ��2��� <���2��. ��� � "%� <���2�� �7�"g �� �2 �2 �2 <��2" 9�8�� �� ���8�� "%� 2)D0� �
������ , 2��� ,����)� , ��:�� ��%��� �� ������� �, )2���� , )��� �0 , )����� .� ��2�� ,��� �L0)� 6)( ��-�� �! "%)! &��$2�� 42�� �% �#$��� �6��-, 2, ;���� �+�*�� '������� ����� �� �!�2
� !+�� '���� 6 �=�� .��2�� �;�25 ,��� G=� &��$2�� ,� ��A� ,��� �%2 "���� ���8���� ,� �0��2�� �;�25�<. � !$��� � !��2�� V-2 H�� � 0��A �2�2�� " �8� �#�H � � ��2� <���2 ��A � 5�2 ���
6�����2 ?������ 9�5 � , �5 �+ �� "� ��. �� �%��� ��� , �2�2�� ��2��� <���2�� ���� �;�25 ��)�� ��A"��-�+ �2 h�� �2L�2." )�H�� : ��=2)�2�-�� (��;����� �, �;������ , ����� , $8�� , ����8�� "H��� � ��� .���2��� ��� $
����, - �2014 G �336F337.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
12
$%�"�� � �� "��*� ���� �� $� )� ���!�� ��8�� �)1( ��+� �� � �� �8� 3 � � , ������ &� ��� ��A , ����� &� ��� � $�2��)*��%� @�����( �� 4����� ��# �+� �
������� $%-�� �� , � � $�$�� �K��*� ��(���)�#� 8�� @�����( 42���� ��8�� ��� �T$� ��)2( &�� ��� �% )� 6)( V�*� &�� �� &$ $� ���72 ��)��� 6�-�� '�� , �����)�8� 8�� @�����.(
*��%� @�����
����� � ���� >$���� (�# ���� �A���
,�� � ��� �# ,������ .��+"�� � �� " �=�� T���� �, $ ���� ,��$�� <�X� �+) T�;����� ��8�� �)3( .� �� 3�� ���� ,2�=�� �K��*� ��(��� �)� ,!��� ��$ ,+��� .��+)4( . �$2�� � ��� �)� ,;�8�� , ������ ��� � ���A ���
)1 (_�H�� :�2 $�)1���( �,�# ��$ ��;����� ��+���� "+��� ��= �;����� �2014G �373. )2 (_G ��:� 4����375. )3 (_ ,+�- �� ������� $-2"��� " ,��2001 R� ��H�� .7 %� �$� �� �25"�� � �� " '��2 ��0 �
$ ���� ,��$��, �� � 6��� �)��5�� �� ����8��� �2�D � � ���� "#� �2��(�� � ��� �� �%� . $5� V�0 &$�-��� �� )� ? 8�� ���5 �� � �!+0 .$�� ���� ,) ���� +� &��� '��!0 ����� >�����
@���5 �%�2%� ���� �$�$�0 . �%�)2+ $5 &� =*� ��# L�*�"��� " &$#�-2"��� "�A 6���� �% )� 4�� ���� L�I� ��%��I2"�� � �� " '�K8�� �� ������ ,�)� M��2 �8�)�� �@���5 .�+)� �=�$ �D���� �� $$�� "�
�$�$�0 �K��0 &$�-��� �� �� � �� ,�)� 4 @���5 �)� . )�H�� : f���)T$�%�� $�( ��A f�-�� �� � �� '���� �� � $ �� �� T$���5��� ��� ��� ������ �
2� &��� �,�# ��$ ��;����� ���*� �1996G �103(. )4 (_ ��8��2 �%8��0 ���� �K��*� U����� �)� �:�2 ��0� �,��:��2 � �=� ���#� �� � �� "�#�
&7 % �+� "� 6�2��� @���I2 .�%��� ���� �K��*� 6)D0 �0 �A �&� !+ ?��� ,2��= "D�� ��+)���%������ "� �2 �� - 2�. $5� ,)� �� "�)��� � �, ��KA , ���� .���� � ���� .�2�(�� �*� ���
$�%:��� $��*� .)(��� $8� �� ��KA � �� �$�� �� � ��� .��� �,���:�� .���� ��� $K G�5.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
13
,%� � "%� ���8���� � 7�� �,%� � "%��8�� ,25�� ��0 � >�8�� "�50 ������9�=0)1(.
�� &� � � ��8���� �� �!��� T��K��� ������ ��# �� e�� $5� �������� ��� �� -���� 18�� ,���� ��A �� $���� ��� �0 �V�*� ,$=� ���8���� &� � ��A �!+0 6)��� � ,������ ��# �0 �%��0 ���8���� ���2�� � �8 8�2 �%� ����= ����� ,���� ��5� >���)� ��� � � ��� �� ��2��� 3���� "�� �# �� �� �
� , ���*� ��������� �# . &$ � �=�)� 6�2��� , )2�5 �� �+�� , ��!�� ,8 8��� �0 �$2�� G)=� �� �K� �$����� .�5�0 � D �� ����� '��(�� �-� � �,) ��
�����–,������ "%��%��2F >��5 �0 ,���:�� .���� ��� '��� �, �*� <���%�� �&$���� �;�28�� .���D �0 ?����.
��# �K:2� ��%;��D � 7� ��A $�2�� ���0 T��� @����� ?�$� &$ ���� ,�� ���� $���� ��A ��$-�� �2)2( . � �(��� �+)�� ��8)� ,-2���� , ������ �K��*� .��+�
�0 �V�*� 6���� @����� � 6 �� 4�$2 "������ �2�8 �����0 ���� ��
.../... ,��= .�2)� �)� "�8� .��+ ���� ��� 6�-�0 �� ,22$���)Arène .( ����A � ����� �+� �� � �� ��A ,) :�� � � ��$8� � ��2�A � �+ �� �,2����� ��� f� �.
)�H�� : GSELL(S), Textes relatifs à l’histoire de l’Afrique du Nord. (Hérodote), Topographi,
Alger, A.Jourdon, P189). (1)
-Ibid, P189 )2 (_ � ��$8 �� ,2����� ��� f� � ��A �� � �� ����A ��=�X�� �+�200 ,�� 18�� � >�� �0200
, + ���0� �$� �� �25 ,�� ���� �� �� ,2����� f� ��� � ,)!�198 "�5�*� ��# .��+ ��A� �$� �� �25 6;��K�� 4�$2 G��=�� M��� "����� L�I� �, +)�� ���=�� � @�=� ���� .��$���� �� ������ U�K�2 ��2�
?���� M�� � �#� �"% $� @����� &��� �)� ,��$ � �, $ ���� ,��$)� , � -�� �% � �8��� 3 � �, )=�$�� $����� $�� <�$�� &�5� �3���� $�� ���� &�5 "%� ����� � ��� �� 2���2 ��������)��� !��F ,���*�( �+ �
,��� ���� �3��� � �-�� .��$0 "%� ����� � ��� � �����2 ��8���... �+� �� $�8-�� .�20 3 � ����4 2 �0 ,K �8 .,)-�� �0 ��-� � $ �� ,+) �� ,���$� .��+.
)�H�� : f���)T$�%�� $� :(G �?2�� 4��148.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
14
��)(�� ����+� ��(��� ����:�� �:�72 "% K��0 ��$ �+� �'�����2 � � -�� "%����)� ,5����� T$ ���� ,- 2�� ��H� �$ 2-�� "�$=���)1( .
�0 ��=�X�� ��8 ��+)�� ��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ,-5� >���� "D��$�:�� �0 &��*�2 �*� ?)-� '��� �&$;���� �# ,��=�� , +)�� . , +)�� �0 M��
���� "#0 � �# ,��=�� ��� �%�0 �+ �V�*�2 ��2����� ���8����� � �����";�$�� '������� �2��� 6)��� ���� ����*� ,���(� T���K . , 5 ��2� ��#�
� �� �� �� � �� �%��0 ���� , $�:�� &�$�2�� . $8� �, ����� �K��N� ,2����2 �0?��� �- � "%�� �,) 28�� $���0 4 �� $�-� �%� +) .��+ �% � ����� ��%��(��� ��
M)��� ��$ �8� ����� ,:�2� ��%��I2 �A �%��=$ 9�=0 ,) 28� ?� �� �"%� �� ��-�5)2(.
�#� 8�� @�����
�� ���� �A��� � ����� � ���� >$�
,);�� .���!� ��= � "% )� ���� �� ,��:��2 ������ "�#�� ]�2 �� ����-��� 6��� �)� , #����"%� ��� "% K��0 ����= � ��� �2�2�� � � )�*� ��+�. $8�
���2 ������� ��-���� $��� "�5 ��& �� ,������ ,������ �;�28�� �K��0 �)�,2�=�� �K��*�� , 2%��� ?����� ��A �#$���. ����� �����2 �(��� ���� �;�28�� �L0
�5*� � 2 �8���� �% )� "�� �%�� � �� ��+, 2%��� " �)3( ������� ,� '��� �� �!�2
)1 (_�H��: GSELL (S), Op.Cit, P110.
(2)-Ibid, P P107.
)3(F ?����� �� �( ��*� 4���� ��+ 6�%���� '������ ��� &����� , )2���– �� � ���� ?����� @��= "��2 ,���-�� >��$�� ���= '��� ������� �% )�"< )��"- �25 � >�K�0 ��A 6�50 �# ,2-� , -K� f -
.�����)� ��� , ����� &�� ��� ��# $��� ��K��N� , ����� &�� ��� �� �� 3 � �� �����. )�H�� : $�2�)1���(G �?2�� 4�� �374.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
15
�% )� ?��=�� $L$� $8� �6�-��� �������� .�- K �� ,)�� $ ��A ����)1(. ��A�V�*� ,$= �� $ 2-�� ��(��� 6���� ��(���� �� �-2�� ,��+��� "�H� ��+
������� .V�*� �� �8 8��� M���� $�-2A �)� �� "�H� �#�� � 2 4K�� � 2� '������ � ,��� K�0 ��2�� 3 � � ��(����%����A� V�*�� ����� �
���� 2 "%� 5 '�8���,��+��� "�H� �� &$$��� "�%)2(. , �����2�� , �%� 4� ��� A �! ,) ���� .���� �� .�%H , ������):�*�� �� ( ������ 2��2 1� T���
��:�� ��A ��2�� "% K��0 �� ,�� �+ $ #� g)2 4�$ �2�8 �%�$=� � canon )3(.
)1(F�) �+ �=7��� ������� $%-�� �� ,��� �K��*� .��+ : F�:� �# �#$$� ���� ������ 6�� �(��� .��+� ��$�� ��)� �% )� <��� ���� �����2�� �K��0. F� �K��0 �#� ���:��� T�� � "#� D� ]� ��� ,��� '�K�0 � , ���8���� ��*� �K��0 �,��$)� ,-2�
,��= .� +)+ �% � ������ '�X# �+�. F������� 4���� �� ���$�� ������� �%� $ :�� � .� $)2��� .�������� �K��0. F���� �+�2 �#����� �%2 4:��� .��+ � , ( ��*� �;��-�� �K��0.
"��2 .��� ,-��� >��� , ���8��*� ��*� .7��0 $5�"� $��: ��" � ��-��� $ 2-�� ,����2 �%)(��� .��+�6�2��� � '��(��2 ���� �� ;��� ���� �# >����� ��# .��+� �� ���7��.
)�H�� :G �?2���� 4����374.( )2(F )� ?)� � �0 � +��� 6 ����� �� ) �V�N� M���� �0 �����2�� "�%�� <0� �)� ��+)procurator ( �A $%- ��+�� 8 ��I2 �%d)+ >� K�� ��72� � �=� � ����:�� ,82� � &$�� ��+ �
, �+��� ���$A �8 , ���� ,��� ,����5. � 6 ����� �� ) �+��$��� ���=C '�� �)� ������ �>� K�� $����� 3 � , ������ ?����� .� "% )� ?)� � >� K��2 �� 8��� ���*� �� � '�X# �)
)conducators( 3 � �%�% �����2 " V�*� 6��� 4 ���2 $8� 6��2� '�X# $ :�� &$���� �=C � ���� ��A ��8-�� �K��0 � '�� ����X ��K�82 G =��2 ��� ���.
)�H�� : �)K��)< �$A( ��;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� , ������ �%�: H� 9$� , +)�� "�H� � ��� $ .���2���, -���� �2014G �129.(
)3(F�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( � ��;����� �, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 U�� ��(�N� ������ ��� $��, �2����� �1 �2001� G �152. ��:
(LAROMEET (CH) L’emphytéose, Droit civil, 2éme
Ed, t2, Ed économica, 1988.
GILARDEAU JM et. MOREAU (JP), Bail emphytéotique, Code rural.
commenté et annoté, Ed Lectec, 1988.)
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
16
��(�� ����� � $�2�� ")�� "�� ��$���� �% )� V8�� �A �% )� �2��*�� �� �#�)���%�� ������ ��)�0�. ��)��� ��2���0 ��� ����8 ����+ ����� ��0 � ��$�����
� &$��� &��:�� �� $�2��429 ��A "534+ "�� " $�2�� ��+�� &��K� �#0 ������� 6��=�� �)� � �2 � $�$2��� �+�$��� ��=�"%+� ��+ �2�2�� 4�����
�+�� ,�5I2 ��$���� '�:�+� 62�2 ������ $%� �� ,2��(�� , ������ "% K��0 �A "#$���2 ��+��� �-� ")� ,��-� ,���� '��!0 ,����� 6;��K�� "%-�$
�)� ,K��:�� , ������ �K��*�. ,�� ���533" ���� 2 �����2A >�����6�(�� $�2 �� ��$���� ,�)� �)� &�� ���� �#� A �$ - ��A, ������ , �����2��.
� $5��- �����2��"�� ����� "��A 6;��K�� V��� , ������ �K��*� 6)�9$0 � , � $�� "%��X� �� �=$���� ��+��� �)� ,�$�:�� �2�2�� � 2 , �$ 6��� ��A
�)� "#$�� "� �0 ��A ��� 2��� � ���:�� $ "�� � )���647 ")1(.
�8� 8�� @�����
B ����� ��� �<����� >$��� �# ��C�
,) �� &��� ���� T��� ����� 1�:�� ,- 2�� ��H�)647 ��A "711" (���*� , ���� ,��$�� �% � .�%H ���� ��H��� ,�� �2�-�� 6�(��2� M��+�>���� "�+�72 �� �*� V-2 �� "�+��� $ 8� "$�� ��- ��� "� '�%8:�� "H- �I�
&��� .��� �K��0 �# �# , �;����� �K��*� ,- 2� $ $��)2(� �K��0 �# "0
)1 (F�H�� : ��=2)�2�-�� ( G �?2�� 4�� �340. )2(F M�� "+� �� '�%8:�� )�=� $5� �1)��� $�%���2 .��� ���� �K��*� �# &��� .��� ���� �K��*�
�% )� '� ���� $-2 �K��*� ��# :��� ��%� 6#�� ��# , +) �8��� �0 ��A , �#�H��� , -������ ,2��";��(�� , C "%��+� � <=�� ";��(��+ �� )��� ��A �%2���0 � �K��*� :{B�C�D�E�F�G�H�
I��Jz ]��:�*� :41 .[ �)� �:5� 12�� �%�0 , ���� "#$�� ��%��� �� , +���� ��5� .../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
17
1)�)1(� "���� ��8���� $5 ���#*� �0 "0 "% K��72 H�:���� $% )2( . T0� M��#�0 ��8 %��� �� ��%���2 &$��� ,��$�� , +) � ��� 9�� ��%�� ��)� �2���� &��� 1��
��2���2 ,��=�� , +)���)3(.
� , +)�� �� �!�� &�� ��� � ����0 ����� �2�-�� $����� �� e�� $8� 5���� ,��=�� , +)�� �, ����� , +)�� �,�-��.
��*� � ��+��� ,��=�� , +)�� �7� , ���)��� �K)������� ( � .)+�� ����
.../...�&�� ��� $��2 � )��� �%���= �� � �$�* �+) ��+� �� �,��� 5� ��A @���� �0 ��$,�8�� �K�8� ,�)��� �0 .�5�*� � .5� �� �*� ��� 9� �0 ��A �� )��� 1��� �� . ��5�
$�0 �� .� ����� �%H0 �� ,)2����� : ";�$ @��= � H� ��%:5�� �%��5 � 1)�*� ��� � �-: "��� �0� ��8 , ���= , ��� V�0 ��+�� �&��*�+ �% ))V�*� ,25� �)� @��=��� �(���� �)� ��-�� .(
s� ���� �-� �+ � )��� � 2 �%�5 '�� �A �� =��2 "��� �0 , $ ���� , :���� ��5�� '�� �A� ��2 =2��= V�0 ��+�� t@��=�� "% K��0 �)�� , ���� "%��X� �)� 4K�� ��% )� �%)#0 �50 �,� �#0 �%)#0� @
� $2�� �2� ��5 :» &L$� ��+�� ,����� "$� $�� �%)#0 $ 2 �%+��� "%���� $�� ���0 � ��(�� � 2 ,�8���28���� �� � )�)�«.
)�H�� : �) ����),2#�(@ ���$0� ����� 8:�� �6 ��+:�� ��$ �1985G � :4596F4597.( )1 (–# �%)#0 �% )� 1��� ���� �K��*� �� ��%)#0 ")� ")� ��%��:� ��)��� �% )� �=$ ���� �K��*� �
1)��� �2� "���� �+ �� ��� - �0 ��K�� �"%� $ �)� ��)H ��A� �1)� �+�2 &��$�� ����5 . �� )�)� V�*� ��+� �0 �)� 1)��� 48 �0 �I� �1)��� $8� 6��2 �K��*� ��# "+� $$�� �
�@��=�� �% )� 4K� � � =*� ��# L�* �@��=�� ,2 �K2 ���) �H ��%� �K-2 �)� 9���� ��A 3 �2'�%8:�� ?�:��2 ��#� V�*�2 >�:���� � H� &��0 �2�- . �+) V�*� ��+� �0 �)� 1)��� 48 �0 �A�
� �� �2�- @��=�� ��#� ����� . 2� ��+ � ��%�� ��$X V�*� �)� @��=�� 4K� �+�� ��%)#* "+�8� �� , :���� $�� �0 ���%��� $�� "%�� �8� ��)�0 ��� �, ���� .
)�H�� :G ��:� 4����4605.( )2 (– . 2 ��A �%� +) �8��� �%�0 �%+�� �'�:��2 '�%8:�� $�� �-�� ����= �%)#0 �%�� �� ���� V�*�
�%8:�� �%�� �2�� �,��$ M�0 � ��� ��% )� '� ����2 ���� , ���� ,N� �+) T0 t�:5� � �� �%�72 '&��7+ �=X ����= �% )� "��� 4K � �% )� '� ���� $��2 .
)�H�� :G ��:� 4����4604.( )3 (F�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �23.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
18
��)�5 � ��� "%;�:)�� � ��� 2�� �K��0 �K��*� �� �� 2��# ���� �0 M��-�� �� &��� .��+ '��� �, ���=�� �K��*� �� ��! �� ��+�� �0 ��$ �%2���0 .� ����
,��$)� �+) ,8 8��� �� �%� ���)� �0 ..���� �K��*� �% �A �K �. � "�$ �7+� ,�=��� "$8 � � � =*� ��%� �"+���� � ,�=� ��A ,��� �� 1)�����
�%������ $�� ���� V�*� �� ,��$�� �)=� �)- )1(.
�0 $-2 �%K�0 �)� . 82 ���� �;�28�� �K��72 ?)-��� , ����� , +)�� �0����� �%�� .)�0 .*�2 ?)-��� ,��=�� �0 , $�:�� , +)�� �0� , +) .��+ ���� �K��
? �� �� �A �1�:�� $-2 .+) ���� �K��*�� ����� �% )� �%2���0 ")�0� , $��>��5��2 �0 � ���:�� �)� &��-�� �K��*� " �8�)2( V�*� '� �A ? �� �� �0 �
�)� ��)��� �%2���0 �%:5�0 ���� �K��*�2 ?)-� � <2��� �0 5��� �0 �.����, � $ .���X , ����� �0 , ��8! �0 ..���.
,- ���� �;����� .82� ����� $%-)� ,:)�=�� .���:�� ��=� ����, ������ �K��*� �)� , ����� .�������� , 2�(�� .��%��� .���!�� �+�
, ��:�� �K��*� �)� �2)� .�!0 , )28��� V�*�2 ��+��� ��2��� Gd)8� 3 �. ��8�� '�%���2�14 � ��8�� , �$2 15 �2���K��� �K�:�� .%���. ��8�� �%��� ����
T�;������ �+���� "+��� 0$2� , )����� �$�� $$% T��� �� ��� ��=�� 0$2� �8��
)1 (–�H�� : $�2�)1���(G �?2�� 4�� �376. )2 (– "���� �� >��5�� "�%:� < � ������� ���-�� �� �2���0 �� �%H T��� >��5�� 4 ,5�� , 0
� �% )� �� � ��:�� � �% )� �2 ,-��� V�* $ ��� M)� �� &��2� ��+ �2���*� >��5���" �+ ?)= �0 ����82 $ 8 � D �"% �� �% � ����� � 1 2 �+)� ���� ��� . .)8��� �%+�� �%��2 ��A�
����� �%� +)$ $��� M���� ��A �%����� �� �# . � "���� �� >��5�� L�* �"���� K�� � ��#���(��� >��5A �0 M )� >��5A ��+ �0 �A �#� �,��= $� 5� ���� .
)�H�� :G ��:� 4����377.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
19
������2)1(.
�� 8�� /����
����� � ���� >$���� �� 8��� �A���
� 2 ,��� ���!-�� $%-�� ��= , ��:�� �K��*� .��+2��� M)��� f�-��� M) , ����� &�� ��� �% )� �(��� � 5����)*��%� @����� .( � ��*� $ :���� ��+�
�)� f -� .��+ ���� , +���� , �+�-�� , ���8���*� �# , �;����� ,������ .�$;��2)� �+�0 �0 '�X%� ,��= �+�0 .���8-�� .��+ '��� �, ��8-�� >� ����M) . �0
*����#*� � �H-�� , 2)D� $���5� �K f -�� ��$�$� &��!�� � �%H� ��+� ����0��� �$�2��� ��+�0 � ��= ���- �;�$2)�#� 8�� @�����(.
*��%� @�����
�#<����� �#-� �� 5 ��)
�% )�� �������� "�%�� &$��5 �+�� ���!-�� $%-�� ��= , �;����� ,);�-�� .��+ &���2 ���� &� �-�� "! �.�;�� &$� � , ������ &$���� ��# �7�� 3 � �,) 28��
)1 (F ,)���� .��# ��A ������ V 2*� ��2�� ���� �� ,-5���� , )����� �$�� .K�-� ��2��� �
�%� T$���� �� �� �� ��� ���� ���#*� $������) �$�� V-2 �� �0� '�)���, )��� ( ,��$ �2+0 , ��22, ��!-�� ,��$�� �#� &��:�� M)� �� , ��A� �%��$$% ����+ � ��� ��2��� � � ��� ��= $�-2*� �%����
,��$�� ����2 �*�)�� � ��2 ,��$( "�� ��1554 ���*� 6�(�� ��=$�)�;����� ( "+��� .����*� " )� ���)��� $%� �� M�� ��+� ��2��� "�% �0 >����� T��� ���!-��.
)�H�� : ��=2)�2�-�� ( G �?2�� 4�� �374.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
20
��;�25 &$� � �#��$2 �+��� ,:)�= �;���� �;�25 "K T��� f�-�� �� =0�)1( . ��+�� �5 &��:�� ��# �� �;����� ��+� �# ���=�� �#0 �7� , ����� ��=�� �#0 �"+���� &��$�� ���� � ����+� � �� �$�� ��:H���� �� �+�-�� <��*� �� "#�� +��� ��2+� .��� ��� 6���0� . $���� �*� ���5A ��=�� ����� ���� 3 �
.���# ��2 ���8 �+ �M��#� ��# "�8� .��+ ���� �, 2-��� .�K�:���� �"+��� "�H�� , $�-��� 6;��K�� 4�$ �� ,-���� �;�28�� �)� ,;��:. 0 "%� , ���� �
��+� �6-��� $���0�� ��=�� �#0 ��� .�� �;�$)2(.
����� ����8��� &$�-��� �-�� �)� $�- �� �2 , +)�� "�H� ��+�)3( "K � �
)1 (–�H�� : ��� -��)��2���( �" ,� ���5 ,-��8 �� 9�2+�� .�;�-��2 �%�5��� , ��-���� &��$��1837"F1871"" ,-�� ����-��� 3 $��� � ����� �� "�)-�� �����+$ &$�%� � �� ,$8 ,���� �,� ���52 ���!B�� � ����� "�5 �, ������� , ������ "�)-�� , )+ �2014F2015G �"2.
)2 (–�H�� : ��=2)�2�-��(G �?2�� 4�� �387. ��!-�� ,�)��� 9$� � $8� �� ��=�� �;�25 .��+� �2 �K�� '�:���+ ,�# .��� �� �%��� 3 � �,
�� 2 ���(����� �(K)� V�-��� "+��� �% )� <�� ��+� , ���� �;�28�� �0 ��#���� �K��*� &�� �� �+ �, 2������ &����� ?������ ��2��� �� �+���� �� ��!-�� ,�)�2 ��-� �+� "� ,-���� �;�28��
���� �;�28�� .$�� , �+�-�� &�8��� 6����� ����� M)� �+� "� &� =*� ��#� �9�2+�� .�;�-�� �%)!�� ,:����+��� �)� �%��� � "+�� �72 �%�)#0 , $���5� &�5� ��� ��:�2 4��� �K 0 .��+ �2 �6��� . .��+�
�!� ��%;��! �$�� 9$�A �+�� "% )� �%K�:� ���� 6;��K��"����8�� ,);�� " 6�D �� M) �2�� ���*�� ,-����� �K��*� M)� ���� ��!�� ��8�� ��= 9�2+�� .�;�-�� ��D0 � .��+ ��� ���8��
�� =��� , ���� � ,);�%�� $�$�*�� ,);���� . ,);�� �K 0 ��!�",��5 �2" '���A 6-��� � ��+ ���� �, 8 8��� �%� 5 � $8�� �%���!.
)�H�� : ��� -��)��2���( �G �?2�� 4��10G �12.( )3 (– 6#��� ?2� $8� 0 .�� , 2)D0 �% � $����� ���� �$�� �� �:����� �+�� �) ����#� ����)�
,2��� �,� ���5 ��;����� �, $�� �,- )8�� ,�� ) �<�� �"��(�� ���+-(. �$�� ��� �+���� 6#�����2�-�� ��*� T�� ��+� �%��8 ����. ���*� .82���;�28�� $�2 �� , �2�2�� ���*�� , )��� �
, ) ;����� ���*� ��A ,��KA� �$�� �=�$ &$������ , $�% �� , ����� ����0 �� .82� ����. )�H�� : ,��)� ���A(��;����� �T��8-�� ���)� T�;����� �����8�� "�H��� � ������ ,��2�)� ,�# ��$
�4 ������2003 G �09.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
21
, ��:�� , +)�� � ���0 ,-2�0 �# : �K��0 �f�-�� �K��0 �M) �2�� �K��0, :5��� �K��*�� �M)��)1(.
� �K��0 �0M) �2�� &�$���� �! �,:)�= ?��2 �% )� �������� "� $8� �#�$8 ��$�� � 6�8��2 �%2)D0 �� 48� &$ � �K��0 �#� �� 3��� � � M����
� �8�"� ���� "�) �+ �%��� � �.����+%�� � �� ) ��� �� )2)2( : �%� '�� "��2 �-w "��-��")3( �0 �� � �0 T$8� �-� �2�8 ��X �,�� ,$=� G�= .
"��2 �- � ���!�� '����"&� ���� "�&$�8�� �0 ,��$�� &$;�:� &�=��� �-� G�= . �� � 3��!�� '����"����� $�2 " ���� �� � ���)� ,��= �K��0 �#� 42���� '���� ��%�����"���8�� " , �H��� .��8��2 ,��=�� .��+�-�� �K��0 �� �
)1 (– 62��� 4�� �2�� �, :5��� �K��*� �:D0 � �! "%�� �.� �8��� ��# �� 6��+�� V-2 @�= � �8� �)� 6��+�� �� $���� ��A"����� " ����8�� ,�5�� ,2���2 , ���:�� , ����� , -��� ��A $5 T���
,�� T��8-��1973 )��2 ����8�� ��# �� 3 � .( 6��+�� $���"$� "�)� �#���� " �K��*� �� ������ ����� �)� :
« -Les terres Melk: sont celles possédée pleine propriété conformément du droit musulman
ou aux coutumes kabyles.
-Les terres Arch relèvent d’un régime de propriété collective.
-Les terres Maghzen, sont des fiefs militaires.
Les terres Beylek, sont des terres domaniales. »
�H��: (ALOUM (M.T), Le régime foncier en Algérie, Alger, Impression Moderne, 2005, p 24).
)2 (–�H�� : $�2�)1���(G �?2�� 4�� �379. )3 (–"� �0 �&$���� f���*� � .� �2�� �#�$�� ��-�� �K��0 ��+� �f�-�� �K��0 � �%����5�
�� ��� A �2�8 f���*� �� � �(��� .��+� �?���� M) �22 $��� �%� � 2+ "�5"��+���" �)� ���� �0 $ 5 ��$ ��(���� ?� 6�� �� T�2�� ?� �� �!� ��=� 4 �f�-�� �K��0 ���D . .��+�
��� T�2�� �� � �%�� ������� "� �K��*� ��#� ��:)� �%����� �0 ��)+� � �� :H� ��2+ 1�. �H�� :
BEN CHEIKH -EL- REFEGOUN –ABBASSI- (F), L’impact des lois foncières coloniales
sur la situation socio économique. des Paysans Algériens de 1873 à 1911, application à
trois communes de l’ancien arrondissement des Constantine. (El Khroub- Oum El
Bouaghi- El Milia). Thèse pour l’obtention du diplôme de doctorat d’état, Option
sociologie de développement, université Mentouri, Constantine, 2006-2007, P65.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
22
�� , �H��� � D�,25���� ��8� �� ,�2��. �#� <�=�� '����"6 �-��" �- � � "��2 �K 0"��$+*�" �#�$� ���� M) �2�� .���� �� ,��=�� �K��*� �� � �
";��(��� .���� ��� �)� , � -�� ,2 �K�� . �K��72 �- � =*�� <$���� '�����,: := &���0 �% )� V�:�� , �+�-�� , ���)� 1��� ��=��)1(.
M) �2� ,2����2 , )2��� ?����� �� �+�� �K��*� � ���� ��# ��+�< ������2 ���� ��2 ��2�� 9�2+�� �;�28�� ,8�� �� ��+� �T�� ��� . M) �2 ���
�+�-� ���)�2 , )2��� ?������ �"��(��� &�%H�� ��2� �� �$��� ��+ 6�(��. �� �$��� ��+� ?���� M) �2 �� �0<���*�� 9�(��� �;�28�� ,8�� . ��# $�� �+
, ������� .������ �� �K��*� � >����� �! , 2%��� ?����� V-2 �� ��+� )��� V��)2(.
�+���� $%-�� �=��0 ���� ��=�� �K��0 .�=0� , $�� .� +) ��A ����� . $5� �� , �+�-�� ��H��� , �� ��� ����*� �� &�#�H�� ��# .��� �&��:�� M)�
������ , 2���*� .��%�� 45�� 4 �.���!�� &�!+� �*� "�$-��2 &� ���� , ���� &�$8�� T$��� , $���5�� ,����� '�� �)� &$� � �"�+��� $�$2���� � :H��� 12�� $�8� ��$�A �� ������ � 4K��� ��# "�0 .� �2�� 12�7� ����#N�
�� ���� �K��*� �#�K�82 "%� � �=� �+) ��=�� $���0 &���.
�K��0 ��� �+M) �2�� �, ���� ,- ��)� �8�� , �� �#� �,� �� �K��0
)1 (–��0 �)� ,K��:�� 6;��K�� � &�:- ��=�� �;�25 , � $�� ,2 �K�� ��-�$ "%�+�� �f�-�� �K ��� 5�� ,��� �� ,��$�� �� � �%������� ?�2 ,)8! �K��*� ��# �82�� �&�+�� ���� �
, �+�-�� ,$=�� �� ��=��. )�H�� :
BRAHITI (A), Le régime foncier et domanial en Algérie, Evolution et dispositif
actuel- Algérie, Edition ITCIS, 2013, P14). )2 (
:انظر–BEN CHEIKH -EL- REFEGOUN –ABBASSI- (F), Op.Cit, P130.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
23
����� ,����� � D �K��*� ��A � ��� �K��0 G��=�� �)� �#� ��%� M�� �'�:)���� .�2�(�� . �%K ?�2 T�2�� H�:��� 4 �U������ ? �� �� �%+)� �+ �
0 ��A�% � ����� ?� f���N� ��+ �+ ��� �� �+� �� �%�� �0 �M) �2�� �K��)1(.
�� &$ -2�� ?�����2 $����� �, ����� ,; $� �K��0 �%� f�-�� �K��0 �0 M) �2 ���0� �, 2����� T�� ��� .�%�� �, )=�$�� ���#� ?��� �! ,�)��� ,25��
,� ���5. �����2 �%���� �$8��800 �0���+#)2( $5 �K��*� ��# .��+ ��A� � "��2 .��� $8� �T�;����� ?����� �����2 f�-�� "�� �% )� ?)�0",82��� " ��
�%;� �A �� ?2��� � �� �%��(��� ?� $�- 3 � �T�;����� 6�(��.
V�*�� �V-2�� $8�- �+ , ����� , +)�� "�H� �%+� � f�-�� �K��0��� �#���� .��+ �A� �2 ��%���� >� � ��- � ��%� ����� �+�2 ,) 28�� �0 &� �-
88� �� � =*� ��# $�- )3(. 4 �&� �-)� ,��+�� .�;�-�� � 2 �%���� "�8� 3 ��%�2��= $$���� ���2 �%+�� �0 �� ��� ����� �� ��(��� �%� '�� M��.
���� �� f�-�� $���0 4 � ?�2 f�-�� �K��0 � ��� ��# 3�� � ��%2 >�:,!���� � ��+�)� ?���)4( , ��8� ,)�- , 0 '���A f�-�� � $�� T* ?� � �+� �
,�$�2�� �0 4 2��2 '��� �2 4:�� T��� '���� �)�...��� . ��# ��� .������� .��+� G���=� � .� �� �<� ���� M) �2�� �:H�� ,����� G���=� � �K��*�
)1 (–�H�� :BEN CHEIKH -EL- REFEGOUN –ABBASSI- (F), Op.Cit,, PP36.
)2 (–�H�� : ����), -�( �9$%�� ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� V�-�� �K��0 �2010G �39.
)3 (–�H�� : $�2�)1���(G �?2�� 4�� �378.
)4 (– � &� =*� ��%� �, ���� ,- ���� � &$�� � D f�-�� �K��0 �)� ,82��� 3�� �� "�+�0 �A �� ��%�*� ��=$ , �= ��A 3��� ?� � &0��� ���� �� 62��� 4�� � �3��� ?� &0��� "���
�(��� ������2� �3�� �� $- � �"%��-2 < � f�-� ,-2�� �K��0 "%�–"#$�8��� 6��F ��2 ����f�-�� ,��+�.
)�H�� : ����), -�(G �?2�� 4�� �39.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
24
����� �K�8���)1(. ��: � &$;���� ���*� <��0 �)� �% �)2(. ��+ T�2�� L�*��� �7+� �K��*� ��# '��A ��� � �)� V�� $8� �,25��� M) �0 �%� �8 8��� M�
��� , ��� ,2 �K �% )(��"��+���" ,� �= " �$� �� ,2 �K�� ��# .#�� $5� ��� "%)-�� � ��:�� M%�� � �, ��!-�� ,��$�� , 2�� ��)K: � ,��:�� �� ����
������)3(.
$�8� 6��2 �����8�� &�82 G��=�� �%+) �K��0 �%� ,��=�� .� +)�� �0 , ��� �0 , ��� , +)–$�%��� ��K�2 ,2)��� �#��� F .� )� .2-� $5� �
� �� 2+ ���$ , +���� ,�)��� �%2 "�8� .��+ ���� ��)-�� $���� �� 4 2��� &�$���� ��%- ��� .+���� ��+�� �% � ����� �� ?��� "%�� �&���2 "% K��0 ��)(�� �
,������ $�8� ? �� �� �%��(��� �0 �,2%��� 4 2�� $�8� "��2I+ ���X�� � 6��, ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 6�� .�5����� . '��A �K��*� ��# �+�� �)� 6��� ��+���� &��-�� ��K �� 9�� ,��$�� �% )� ")�0 ���� V�*� "+� �� �#��2���2 �&�
�%2���0)4( . �� , +)�� ��# ��8���2 1� ��+ $8� f�-�� �K��0 � <+-�� �)��3���� ��A 3��� ? ��)5(.
, )2��� ?�����2 ,-5�� �0 �$�� � ,2 �5 ��+� �0 �A ,��=�� .� +)���. ���*�� 6��(�� �� �#� G��:��2 �-� � ���2+��:��� �K=)�� >����� V-2 4
6�2�)� ,�����. � ����� V-2� �$�� �� �0� ,��$�� ��:H� �%+)� � G�� �!
)1 (–�H��: BEN CHEIKH -EL- REFEGOUN –ABBASSI- (F), Op;cit, P130. )2 (
.BRAHITI (A), Op.cit, P14 :انظر– )3 (–�H��: T�)�)���( �,�# ��$ ��;����� ��;����� �� T��8-�� "�H���� , +)�� �2004G �39. )4 (–�H��: ���2 T$�)��( ���)� "�)-�� ��$�;����� �T�;����� 4 ����� �� , ��8-�� , +)�� �8� �
������ �42000G �50. (5)
-« …Il faut signaler, a ce sujet que les femmes participaient au opérations de
transmissibilité ce qui n’était pas le cas en terre arch … »
).BRALITI (A), Op.cit, p 15 :انظر(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
25
,� ���5� �;����� ,� $. ��2A .���� � &��� ,82� &��� �� ����:�� ������M���*� � :H���� $����� �K��� �� �0� ,)D��+�� � � ��$�*��� � ��2+ V-2
����6���*�� $�% �� ��� 2���*� ����8�� ,��� M��+� �)1( .x� $5� '�X# $ �� �$ -2 ��� '�K8� ?;�$��� ����D� ,) ��� ������ G�:�� �K��72 M���
�,� $�� V�K�+��� 2 .��+� ��(��� ��$ , $�*� ���22 ,-5���� �K��*� .+��6���*�2 $ ���)� ��$� .2 �7��� �# �+ 6�D ������� ,2K#� ,- ���2 .��$��
�;����� ,� $.
� , )2��� ?�����2 ,-5���� .� +)�� �0 .�$�-�� ��A $����� �)28�� "�H��� �#$��
)1 (– �7� �K���� �� ��� ������� "%-K�2� ,��=�� "#$ ��8�� "%��$�-2 � � ��� �$�� ��+� "%, ��:�� �%���� ��!���� �%����! , ��2 "�%� &��� , ����� ,82� ����+. ��X�2 ,82��� ��# "�%� "��
���� '�)-��� '�%8:�� �%��K�0 �� "K�� "+������2��� ���& � ��(��. � ,2����2 �0�,)D��+)$8� � .��22 ���!-�� f ��� $���0 @���� � T�;����� 4���� �� ,;:�� ��# .;��.� �;���� , �+�� .� �� $��� 3 � �$�� �� .�%H�� g)2��$$ ��8�� �� �;����� ,� $ �� "#18 ���6000 ,��. ���)� ,� $ �� �!+0 $ ����. � , ��:�� .� +)�� �� ��!����� &������2 ��)(��
>������. "%2��0 � ����+ ��� "+��� 6��� $)8� � ,)D��+�� '��2* �� ��!-�� 1� "��� "#��2����$ 2� '��20 '���#� , +���� ���*� 9��� ��A '�8���� "%� ?� �. �#0 �� &$ -2 ,�)��� '�82A ��A ��-��
��� $�2�� "%2 ��0 � ����+. �0� �� ��$�*� $8���# .0$2 "%� ��8�� ��= �;����� ��A9 ��8�� ��= "#�0 "H��10� � �2��#
��2��� � ���-�� $�%�K�� "%� 9�7 �;����� �� ��$�� 3 �� "%�� � �� ��)=$0 $5�� "%���K� ����� �;����� � 2 , 5����� T$���5� ��#$�� ��� ����+� )�= � ? � � !7� ����� ����� �����, ������ &� ��� ��0. �� �� T��� '���A� �K��*� U������ ,������ �� "#� !7� � ����� "%� $%��
�$�� ��A 6���� �� 6)�� T����� �#�)� ���� ���*� <�X�2 , �$ �� ��(�*�� &������ ���L�� �+<�$�*� � "%-.
% �� �0� $�f ��� &$�5 4� T�$�� 4 ��)�-� ����+� ���� �% )� ��� ���� ";��(�� 4 2� '���2 ���8 �f ���� , ������ .� )-�� �+ �� &����� ��$ ��2-) �. ,��$�� -K �� � ���0 ��$ $�% )� ��+�
� �� �� � $���5� , �;������ .������� "H- ��+��� � ? K .5� �� ���+� 3 � . ��8�� , �%� ���18 ��8�� , �$2�19 18��� 6�2��� ��� �� �;����� $���5� �)� ��� $�% ����;�� &�� �. )�H�� : ��=2)�2�-��(?2�� 4�� � G �393.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
26
���+ .�%��� M)� �� ,!������ ���� &����� <����*�� < ������� ,� ���5�+ ���� ��+�- ��%�+ , )=�$�� ��%��� V-2 M��+� ����)� , : ��� .� +)�� .�
$%-�� , �%� 4 .���� $5� ���+���2 ,: !+�� .�%��� �� �+���� ,����� &� (� "� �+ &�!��� &� (� 4�5 ��A '������ 4 2�� .� )�� 3�� �� "�+�0 �-:2 ���!-��
�%2���0 $� ")� �"�+��� &�$�� � ")�� ,) �� �A �72 �% )� ,H���)� &$����A �#��L�� �5�0 �)1(.
�� �#�K� .���� �, :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ���!-�� $%-�� �� .����� �+f�-�� �K��0� M) �2�� �K��0 �%����� . � ��*� 42��� �� �K��*� ��# ��=$ ����
��8��19 , ������ �K��*� �+ ��=$ �� �X . �# ����0 �+ �#������ 62� ��+��%��$�� ��$ ,��) ��� ��# �)� ,H���)� ���#*� ,) �� 5���� "�+��� �� �
�K��*�.
�#� 8�� @�����
�#���� �$��%� ������ ��#"6
�� &���2 �(��� M) �2�� �K��72 ,���-�� ,�-�� , ��:�� �K��*� .��+ � ��7���� ��-�� "�$=��� ? ��),��=��( )2( �? �� �� �0 �;�28�� � =��
,-K�=�� ), ���� (���� ���*�2 "� 8)� ��# ���� �$������ 3���� , )� '��!0 , ��R2 , )-��"&� ����."
)1 (F�H�� :��2 T$�� )��( G �?2�� 4�� �51. )2 (–��0 ,�= ��A e����� 4 ��� ? �� �� <=��2 &7��+�� ��-� ,��=�� '�) �>��)� '�� �V�N� 0��
U�:)� '��� �.��$N� '�� �.���� �)� '��)�-�� .((
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
27
1� ����2�� ��(���� ��-� �$��� � :H��� ��2+� &$2X ,:�2 >�:���� ?� ]� �� f ��� ��2K �! �"#$ 7� 6���+� �0 .�$= " $8� �2�8 ���:��� T���
� �����) �2����� .( �2�8 ,���-��2 ,���-�� �;�28�� V-2� ?��� ��# " $8� �+ �+T�2�� ���� , 2��. ")�� �0 �&$ #� "���� @����� � '�� �;�28�� ��# 4�$� 3 �
,�)��� �0 M) �2�� �:H�� $� 5 4 ,)�-��� �;��-��� ,: ���� �;�28)� �K��*� ��#8� �2�8 ��#$;�:� �%)(���� , �+��� ��-�$ � 3 �2 �, ��$A "�%� , �+�� .�$= " $
��=�� �K��0 �# M)�� ����-�� ,2 �K 9�� �%��)1(.
, ��:�� , +)�� � 9�=*� ���N� ,2����2�) �5�0 �G�= M) �f��( $8� � ��0 ������ '�:�+�� ��K ��0 � , ;��(�� $���� @���A �# $��� $# �%-� ��+
��! ? �������. 6�)�*� �� �+ @����� � ��*� $%�� �# �+ "� ?���� �0 ��-2�)-:�� V;�:�� ? 8��2 ��2�� �, ��!�� ,2���� �� ��7 ��A� ����0���)2( . .$$-� $5�
��# ��(��� ?���K��*�)3(������ �)� �%K�-���� � ������:
)1 (–�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2(G �?2�� 4�� �24. )2 ( F ,�� , �D ��A �;����� ,���� � � �A1830 $���� �� ������ '�:�+�� ,%�� .��+ �%�0
, ;�$(��. �� .#�� $5 �;����� .��+ �A�, ��$�� &������� �! T��� 18�� � $�� ? �� ��90 % ��%��$���� 15 @���A ,��$ .��+ ������2�. $��8 �0 �� � D � ;�8)� ��+ G�=��� ��# �0 �A� $8�
M�%���� $%2 ,������ � >���� ��# ���2� ���� �# �%�:� '�8)� � ,);�-�� .��+)������ ( ? ���� ��0�! V;�:�� � �)�%������ ,-���� ���-�� �+ �)� &���� &$� .��+ ,)2�5� ,) �� &$ � �=�)�� ,����)�
�);�-�� ��(���� �� 4��� �+�2 ,$=���( ,������ �;���)� �%��=$ $��2 ����� .�$%��� ��%� �, ���:�� ?��)� ,)+ , ���= ,���� ��A , ��� ,���� � �%) ���2 , �;�����.
)�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( , ����� ,��X�� ��;����� ��;�����2 ,������ �� T$ )8��� >��8�� � �6��+)�1985G �114 .(
)3 (F ,�� �;����� .�K� &��:�� M)� ��0 6��1830 ����� 40 ,������ �K��*� � R# �� ),����)�� �%�14 � ���� �� R# �� )26 5�2 �)� R# �� )" )5�� �� ������ ����� �)� ,���: F
4500.000R# ,��= .� +) �K�� �K��0�2<�2�� M) "�H��. F5000.000R# .�� �K��0�� ��(��������� �� �;�28�� �� ���f�� "�H� �,82� �0F26.000.000 �K��0 R#. .../..
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
28
F���2�� ��(���� :���(��� ��+�0 ��20 �# � V�*� ,5�-�� ��+� 3 � �!+0 �! � V�*�� e���� � 2 &���278 % ,������ .������ �. ��+�
�%����A �;���� ,����� �)� ?�8��� 4 � 6���� $ ���� M���� �# ,);�-�� < ;� �*� 6������%���� @����� ,�� � "�� �� ��5 f5�� � T��� �#� . �0 �+
4 � ��� T��� G=��� ��+�� ��2)� �+7 ,);�-�� $���0 ,���I2 ,��=�� ��+���.
F>���� �);�-�� ��(���� :.�$�-�� �K�� '�2B� $�%� "������ $ ��8����$�$�*��� ���� 6*� U��� ,�� = ,�8�� � .)-� ���� ���� ?)= � ,);�-�� ���
����� .��� ���� �� �#��2*� 9�� �0 9�� "#�H� �� �� � -�� $�:�*�� '�&$��� ,);��. ,�8�� T$X� �+ F, ������� , $���5�� �H��� ,%�� �F� ��A
@����� V :=�� M����� �-�� " ���� �� $�:�� ,� - 9��� V :=� ������2�4����.
F�����,� :K�72 @����� �� V�*� M�� "#�� �� ,:����� "�H� �#�� ��+� �� 2 )-2 �=B� ���� ,#��. 6�)�*� ��# ��A '��)�� 6�2�0 ��� >����
, ��(���� ,������ �)� �$8 � � )8�� �);�� $���0 $$-2 $ ���� M���� 12�0 3 �2
.../...'���� F1500.000 ,��$�� M�0 �K�� �R#)��=� M) �2(. F3000.000 .�2�D �K��0 R#��� ��=�� ��D$0� ��2 V��0�.
)�H�� : T�)�)��� ( G �?2�� 4�� �45 .( , ������ ���*� ��(��� ?�� � 2 ������ ��$����:
�<����� ������� /�� � �-A� " � � �� �#�� �� �"����
�0 " �� ������� 2.191,176 78
/ 0 �� ��� ��� ������� 421.380 15
�<�� �� 61.802 2,2
�� ��� 8.428 0,3
'���� ������� /���) 126.414 4,5
)�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( �?2�� 4�� G �33(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
29
�%�$=.
F,��=�� : ���� ��+ �2 �6��� ,��$�� �K��0 �)� "�H��� ��# ���8 "��=�� ��+� �G��=�� �K��0 �� �K 0 M�� $�� "#$��0� "%����72 ���+� ���
<= ��-)� M���� ��- � ��-�� � )� �$8 �2 "%� $��� �+ "�8 � �V�*��# " )�� �25� �,)(��� � =*� �& � ���0� ��-�� �)� � "�= ���$�� $;�5 �I�
- 2� ?���� ��A ������ � �82� �2 ��-�� �#$-2 ��� � ��� $. �2� �)(�� �0 ,� =� ��+� 6�2��� �I� ��2 �8� .5��� <:� �� 4�� �� 2 �"�-�� � ,� - &��� ��?���*� � ��2 '� �D*� "�8 �$�� ,�2�! ��-�*� ��+�)1(.
$-2�$�:)� , � �� .��-�� �� , $8��� .�5�-�� .)=$� �0� � =*� ��# ������ ��A �����8�$ ��� � �!+0� � ��A������ � '�� �+ ,) �� $�8��� �*
2� � �)� ������ �%�����24 4)� � ����� 2� �)=� M���� �-� T��� �*��� �#� � ()� K�0 �� T��+'��+�� �! �2�8. "�8 T���� �'��+�� "�H� M��2 �%H�
��= ���+��T ���2���2+��� � (�� 2 K�0 ��A &���+�� V�*� "K,��=��� �2+0 , ���� ,��� )� >�K� ��+ �. ���� 9�=*� 6�2�*� �� .-�$ M����
K�0 '��+ ��A� ,����� &� (� , ��:�� ,��=�� .� +)�� �0� $$� ��K� �%)2�8 ,);�-�� $���0� >�2��� � ��$*� $��� ? 8��� , ��+ � D 12���� ��K �%� � M���� �
� ()� K�0 '��+ ��A.
)1 (–�H�� : $�2�)1���(G �?2�� 4�� �388.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
30
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
�#��� ����������� ����� E "+ ����� �
� �$2 �� �;���)� ����:�� ��-���� � � �A� .���8-�� &�$�� �#" ��5*� )�= �� , +���� &��$J� ,+�)��� � ����� � 2 ,�2 &$#�- $��� "D�
�� ,=�X04F07F1830 �:�� ,�+��� �#�K�82 $%-��, ��. �3 ��. &$��� �%� , ��!�� �)�.�82��� �+ � ��+��� �+ , ��� , $��� ,�� $�� ,��� , ���
"%��+)�� "%��$8�- � � ��� 48 � 3 �2)1(. , ��-���� .��)��� .���2 $5�, ��:�� , +)�� ��+�0 )�= ,�$%�� ,-��� &�$�� , �� �� ��+ �0 ,2��D ��
� V-2=�X� �� , ��-���� ,�� ��� ��# �)� ��8)�0 �" V�*� ,�� �,5�����"� ������� T�+�-�� "+���� ��-� �K 0 �$+X � ��#�"Bugeaud" �;�8�� &���K2"3������ ���2 �;����� �����." .����8�� "#0 V�-��� �) � ��
��:�� �K��*� &�$�� �#�K�82 .� ���� , �+��� �%����0 ��=� �)� ,)��%� /���� .( �%- ��� &$��A ��0 �)�� 8�� /����.(
��%� /����
����� � ���� F ��� �#������ �#� ����� �� #��� ��#"6
)� ������ 42���� �)� '�K8�� ��0 �)+ , ��:�� , ��8-�� ,� .��)��� .���)��� ����8�� "�+�0 M +:� �� , ��-������ � � �$� ����:�� ����8�� $���5 ��=$A�, ��:�� �K��*� , +) " H�� ��� ��. ���:�� &��$�� .��+ � ���8�� ��# �K:2� ,
(1)
-« l’exercice de la religion mohamedane reste libre, la liberté des habitants de toutes les
classes, leurs religions, leur propriétés leur Commerce et leur industrie ne recevent aucune
atteinte ».
convention publiée dans le bulletin officiel de l’Algérie et des colonies, N°1, Alger, 1833.
cité par SARI (Dj),.la dépossession des fellahs, Alger-SNED, 1978, p 11.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
31
�� �� 2+ � ��8� �$ �� ��A3.471,207 R#)1(. ���� �K��*� ��# .��� $5� �)� $�8� 6��2 2���*�� � � ������� &� 8:�� ����*� � � $�8�� ,5��)
"������. ,����� �K��*� �� ,�5�� "% )� .������� , �=� ,:�2 �%�$=�&���2�� ���� "$��� $%2 �,� - &$ ��= �% � ���� "�$5*� � ���$ �)� '���K�0)2( .������ �) � �� &$��� ���*� ,)����) �1830" ��A1870"( ����
�% � 7��$� ,��$�� �)@����� *��%� ( , ��!�� ,)���� "!) �1870" ��A1962"( , ��8-�� , +)�� ,���� �% � .� ���� &��:�� �#� , ��:�� )�#� 8�� @�����.(
*��%� @�����
������ E# �� ? 0�+ ���
50 �#��;����� �%���� T��-��� �� &��� �� .��)��� 2 .0$2 � ��0��� ? 2�� �# , ��-���� � �$�539 �713 � �8)-��� ����:�� ��$�� ����8�� �
�;����� �)� &�D���� M�*�2�� ,��8�� �:�2 ��8���� � ��� �. � ��# �0 �)���(��� 0$2 ? 2��� ������� � �$���� ��- � D M���� ��+ �0� ��# �� �� 2
��- M���� ,������ ��5X �2;�D ��+ �A�.
)1 (–�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �28. )2 (F�;����� ��A &��%)� ,-��� 4 ��� .�� �2���0 �� "H�� ����� .��+� �� �� �� , ��� 1� ?
����� V�*� .��� "������ ,5���� �� ,������ .�;:�� .���$�� M)�� 6 ���� .��+� 6���72 ,���-'�$���� "�$5*� )les pieds noirs( 4:��� � ����$$ ,�� "#1851 ��A131.000 G=�. 6 ���0 ��
�+�� '��2 �K 0 �2���*� ��� ���� 4 ���9�5� , ����� {0 , 2���0 , �� .�+�� ��A �#� :�� �+� ����$$ ��A �#51 ,+��. , : � ��� ,+���� �%� �+�� )Société Génévoise( � �� ����� ���
�=�� ��%��� �� 48� ���� �K��0 �%� "$8� .��+ �����2,� .��+!�� ��A 6�50� ��(���� �%�0 �%�*, �+�-��� �;����� ��A &��%)� � 2���*� '��D� ,���� ��.
)�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( G �?2�� 4�� �124(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
32
$-2M) �2�� �K��0 @��$A .��5 M�� $8�� �+�*� �)� ,��5��� �K��*��� ,,��$�� � �$ �K� ,�� �� ��$� � ��8 6��21830. � D0 ��# '���A �
�%��� �*�2 �+ "� �K��*�� 2 � :H��� 6��#� � ����� ����$ >� K 62�M���*�. ���#*� �K��72 <���� M�� ,� �� .��+�. �#�� �� ]�X�� "�����
1 <��1833 ,��= ,��� , ��-���� .��)��� 2��2 .7��0 T����� �%�:)+������ �25 � &��:� ���#*� �% )� ���� ���� , ��:�� , +)�� .�$�� G�:2� ,)%
"% K��0 &�$�� ,);�� .�� �% $8�� "� 0 ,!�! "#� A� � M�*� &�;�$ �K �%: �������D&�. � ���2�27F09F1836 G��)� ���0 4 ���2 , ��-���� &��$�� .�5
.��+ ����� �2���0 ?��� )�=� ����� � � $�8�� $$��� � ������� �)� , ��8-����� $ ��� ��)1(.
���#*� .������� � � ������� , �� ��0 ��� �*� &��$�� .�$�0 �� ]�X��1 �2��+01844)2( "%� ,����� M)��� $�8� �)� , ����� �:K T����
&�$���� .� )-� T0� ��A �*� ��# �H �� , ���:�� ,�-�� , +)�� .-��� 3 � � �!+0200 �$ � ,)(�� � D ,����)� ,������ �K��*� �� �0 ,��2 R# �0
������� ��8 M�� ��� ���#*� �25 �"�� 2 :"»� �K��*� �A ,)(�� � D 9�2+�
)1 (F 4:��� $8��$$ �-�� � ,�� 1839 ��A25.000 "%� G=�11.000 ����� �H� ��� $ ��� ����� g)233.000 "�� G=�1851 ������131.000 "��1862 . g)2��$$ , );�-�� .��� ���
��0 T��� �;����� 1�)� �8�� � �-)� &$;�-��T &��� ��=1950F1951 �����22.000 &�� �. )�H�� : �+2-)2)$�0(���� ���;����� � �� , ������ ,� .�� 2F �< ��2 � �.�$ �� .�����1 �
1985 G �17(. (2)
-« L’ordonnance du 1er
Octobre 1844 régularisait, sous certaines conditions, Toutes les
ventes antérieures, déclarait valable tous les actes Translatifs de propriété d’immeubles par
des Algériens au profit d’européen, autorisait le services des domaines à vendre les
immeubles sur lesquels personne n’avait fait acte de pocession. Elle soumettait toutes les
transaction intervenues entre Algériens et Européens à la loi Française et prescrivait la
vérification des titres… » .
)�H��: BRAHITI (A), Op.cit, P23. (
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
33
� ���:�� � ��:�� $���� ��A ,���2 �#� ��%�����« . ,:;�� �0 �+���2 � $������"% K��0 &�$�� � ���= ��(����2 ������ � ��� M�� ,2 �K "% )� .K��
�#�$5 , ��8�5 .�+���� ,��$�� &$;�:� V�*� &�$�� ��A �%-�$ "$� T$X )1(. "���� �*� �+ +) .�2!I2 ���#*� "���I2 ��+� "%�e$ ,);�� .�� �K "% K��0,��$�� M�0� ��2�� �K��*� �2��� �2"Les terres incultes ", +)�� >��� ,)2�5.
�*� ? �� �� f�-�� �K��0 ,8 �K ��A , ��-���� .��)��� .-� "! �� �$����31 , ) ��1846 � , +)�� �0 .+�$0 �0 $-2 .�� �;����� �� , ��:�
, ����� ,- 2�� , �� .�$�� �2 f�-�� �K��0 �0�� ���-�� ��-��� >� � T0. �;����� , ��-���� .��)��� .��0 M���� F�*� ��# 6��2F� .�$�� " $8�2
&$ ��= "% K��0 , +)3 �*� ��# ��� � ��� � '�$�2� T��� �%�0� ?�)� �A�K "% K��0"�-�� � �$�� �.
, +)�� �� ��� ����+ � ���:�� �*�, ����� ������ �)� 4��� �%�72� �;����� ��#�0 �� , �� ���� ,��-:�� ������� M����� .��8 � �% � �� M����
$8� , +)�� ��# " �8� � �;����� �)� ����� .K��� U���� �-KA ��0 �"%� 2 , ������ "! �� &��!)� $�$-��� �)� �;�$ .��+ ���� ,) 28�� &$�� �)� '�K8���
�%��5� �%�$��2 ,H:�� .�$ �. 9�=0 ,%� ��I� �K��*� ��# ,�5 ��� �%� 2���*� ����+�� ��A $-2 � � �%)8� �. ��-�� � %��� ����8�� M��2 �$�� "��2
"Senatus Consulte" � ���222 � ��01863 �K��� +)2 ,) 28)� ������ �%��K��N� , ������ �0 ,);�� �+� , $�� , +) ��A , ����� , +)�� ?� � ��� "!
)1 (F�H�� : ,��)��� ���(��;����� ��%� ��� .����8� ���:�� ��8-�� ,�0 � ���)� , ��$)=�� ��$�� ������ �42005 G �20.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
34
$��� �%2���* , +) .�$�� " )���)1(.
��0 � �� ���$ ��A �;�28�� " �8� .) ���+ <���� � ����5 ? 2�� �� e�� $5��H���2 ���#*� �2� � %��� ��%�$�5 ��:� �-KA ��$8� "%)-� T0 tT��-���� "
�, ���:�� &��K��� ��� , $�:�� , +)�� ��A T��8-�� $ -��� �)� � �� .��+ ���� ., ����� ,��=�� , +)�� '���I2�)2( � 2 $�$��� � �K5 , ���� , ���:�� &��$�� .)=$� �
�;�28��)3(;�28�� .����� ��� ,8 5$ ,���$2 .�$ $���� �+ .-2�0 $5� ��� � �%:5���%5�� �$��� ��-����.
(1)-en pratique l’application du sénatus-consulte devait comporter trois opérations
successives.
1-la délimination du territoire des tribus
2-la division du territoire des tribus entre les différents douars constitués et le classement
juridique des terres en « Melk » « arch » « domanial » et « communal » à l’intérieur de ces
douars.
3-la constitution de propriété individuelle sur les terres arch.
Les deux premiers opérations avaient été menées assez rapidement touchant 402 tribus
divisées en 732 douars comptant au total 1106157 habitans et comprenant 6983 758
hectares classés comme :
Domaine de l’état 1.103.072 ha
Domaine public 180.643.ha
Melk 2840531ha
arch 1523013ha
communaux 1336499ha
)BRAHITI (A), op cit, p 29-30 : انظر((2)F ����5 � ���*� &$��� .��".) ���+ <���� � " �)� �%)(��� ���� �K���� ,+�� �;�28�� �0 �)�
��+�*� � �+� T72 "��$��.
(3)F�)� '� ���� � , ���:�� &��$�� .�+ $5 �;�28�� � 2 $�$��� , ��� ,�7� �A � ,-��� .���� ��$8� ��%� �+�� �;�28�� �K��096 R� �;����� ,-��8 �� ,) 25170 �! � �#� ����+# �012,4%
� �$�� M�0 ��A , ���:�� &��$�� �%�K 3 � ��%���� �), �-�� M�*�.( )�H�� :SARI (Dj), Op.cit, P23. (
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
35
�#� 8�� @�����
�#���� �#-� �� ���� ���
8��� ��� �-�0 � �!+0 �A$ � �;����� ���� � ���:�� "�+��� <�:� �� &��$-��� ,)������ .�K�:���� M)� .��+�, ��-���� &��$�� $K 6-��� � #��� 6�� �!
�$�8�� $2� � *��� �,) �������8�� &��! �$�$��� � ��� &��!...���� ,����� �(����, 2-��� .�K�:���� M)� ,!��!�� , ���:�� , ��%��� $%� �� �� ���:��� ��2��
, ������ .� +)�� �)� "%�8���. &�$���� � ���8�� "#0 � ��+� M���C ]�X�� ����8�� ��26 , ) ��1873 ��-������82 )warnier( �-�� '�%�A �)� G� T���
&$;���� , )28�� ���*�� , ���� G�����2� ���#N� , +) .�$�� 1� �)� LG������:�� ����8�� �%H� )1(� � �K�8�� ,�)� ��A �%2 ,8)-��� .������� 4K=0
����:��)2( �,-:��� ?� �(�0 �+� "% K��0 �� � �;����� ����� �%� �.
� $���� ,�� ��A ������2 �� �+���21940 �%)25 .)-��� ����2 ��� � ,�����+� �, ��!�� , ��-�� 6�$� �-�� >��5 ,��� �� 4����� , )� .� ��# 12�0 �A
�.�� -2�*� , �$2 �� 9�=0 ,%� �� �, �;����� ,������ �)� �-� �� � � =*��!����2 "��#�� $ ���� ���� >��8�� ������ ,�� � �8 A ��A ,�)��� .$� M���
�;����� ��� ��� �� � 2D���� � ���%�� ��A ���� �K��*� 4 ���.
.��+ ��A�,�+��� , ���:�� .���2 $5 �82�� T��8-�� � %���� ,�� �� ��= � �� ]�X�� ����8��16 T�: �1897 ��� ? 8�� ���� 3�$���� �)� G� T���
(1)
-l’article 1er
de la loi indique de façon claire que « l’établissement de la propriété
immobilière en Algérie, sa conservation et la transmission contractuelle des immeubles et
droit immobiliers quels que les propriétaires sent régis par la loi française » (2)
-«Il faut souligner à ce sujet que si la conquête soumet inévitablement les terres du
peuple camquis a la loi du vainqueur, les autre conquérants (par exemple les Romains)
chez qui n’existait pas la théorie de l’assimilation obligatoire n’avaient pas estimé
indispensable d’imposer aux populations soumises leur législation et leurs idées ».
)�H�� : ALLOUM (M.T), op.cit, p 31. (
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
36
�� �M��� , �# , +) $�� M�� �+ " )��2 , )-�� �%�� �� "'�:��� $8�" T���, ��8-�� ,H����� �� �%� � ��� .I� .�8 8���� ��# � "� <� 9�� f�-�� �K��0
M)�� �K��0�. M��� �� ]�X�� ����8�� �$�04 .�01926� �)� G� T�����+ �2� , ��:�� �K��*� � �82� � <� , ��� .�8 8�� �2 ������ 6�����
'������ �% � .H�2 ����8�� ��# '�� �+ �0 �$�:� ���� �� ��� �)� 5���� 4 2�� "�T������ 3�2�� .�'���A ��+��� $-2 �A ��8-�� �)� .2!� � T����� , +). '��!0�
, )-�� � � F3�2�� &$ '��!0 T0F� ";�$�� ��� �� �� �)� ��8-�� T����� �(� *$$� � D ��� , +)�� $�� � "d)� T����� , )� ��+��� $-2� . .-�� �+
, ��- G�=�0 $ �)� ���:�� ����� �� ��!���� , ��-���� ,�)���� .���50 .��� �� ,+��)Concessions ( ,�� � �8 A ,�)- , ��:�� �K��*� �)�
� �-�� �)� ���� �K��*� 4 ���)1(.
� D .�K�:����� .���!�� ������ �0) ,K�:��� �!8 T� ( ,�)��� �-�������� ��$ �� �� .����I2 "�8� , ���:��� .��+ .�K�:���� M)� �0 9��$2��� 6)��� .� )� ,� �� � �-�� � ��8����6%. �� ]�X�� "����� M��2 .�$�7�
26F08F1954 �*� ,;��� &�#�H 5� �)� G� T���, ��:�� �K�� .+�$0 3 � $L��)�� &��!)� �8- .�2 � �;�����2 G�=�� ���:�� >��8�� �0 , ���:�� &��$�� �
�0� �K��*� 6���D� ,�� � � 6K(��� �=���2 ,���� .��2 � ��:�� <�:�� �� ���� ������� � �;����� >��5 �� �=$��� ��0 � � 2�$� .�=���M��� � ��
)1 (F .�+���� ��# "#0 �", �;����� ,+����" ��� ����! ����� �100 �0 R#� $����� M�22 �2������ ��2��. ,+�����", �� ���� , : � ���" ��*�� $� ����� � �!+0 �15 # �0���+ �� �� .�" ,+����, ������ , ���#���" � ,+���"�2��$T "��$��� :" �!����12002 R#.� K�� ,�+ � ...���.
)�H�� : �+2)-2)$�0( G �?2�� 4�� �196(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
37
X ?)= ? ��, ���� .���)1( ������� � )��� >��5 � ���2 ,��=� (Secteur Agricole Des Musulmans).
������� >��� '�� "!"��( $" ���=�� ��= ��)1959/1964 ( ,� ���5 e���22 ��-��(Plan de Constantine)، � ���:�� $�� ��-���, $ )8��� � �*� '� �A e���22� ���� T��� ��� �� ,8!�� &$�-��� ��= � ����� .
T�;����� 6-���� '��8:�� � ��:�� � � �. ���� � ��� ��� .5��� �� .���� �+�:��� >��5 �� ��!���� �������� ��� ��� ���8����� . 2!� �)� e���2�� G��
'��22 � �*� �� � ��:��1000 , �5� &$��A , (2A�� ��� ) ��+� ��-� �L ,��� ���� $���� �+�� ��. .���X�� V-2 3�$���� L"� �+�! ������ ?�$��, : ��� &�� ���� , +)�� �)�.
(Caisse D’accession A La Propriété Et A L’exploitation Rurales (C.A.P.E.R))
��� .�� .�+���� � �K��*� >������ &$�-��� �0 �A �+�0 T���� �)� .���� ��=�� �)� �%- ���� , ������ �K��*�� �%)-��� &� (� , �����2 ?)= $%2
� ����� 6�� $�8� ���� &� (��� , �����2�� ,2���� , ��-���� ,�)���. "� �+,� ���5 ��=� , ������ , ���-��� 6-��� '���A.
)1 (F �� ���� , )#*� .�+���� �! ��*� ,������� &� �8�� V��8��2 � ��:�� $� M���(sociétés
indigènes de prévoyances SIP "��1893 �� ���� , ������ .�+�����(societes agricoles de
prévoyances SAP) "��1933 � � %����� )���� .�$= 6��� ��A .)� &� =*� ��#�� ? ����� ����� V-2 4 ���2 . .�� ����� .����5�(Secteurs D’améliorations Rurales) "��1946
������ $����� .�$= � )��� >��8� � %����� )���� .�$= 6��� ��A 9�=*� �# "$8� ������ ��, ������ .� �8��� � ��� �)� ���2. �+� 62�2� ��:�� ��X� �� ��:�� �%)=$�� V�� �� � � �
��+�0� ���2�� >���0��? ���� T�2+�� � ����� &��! �$� �%� .-K� 3 � 1��� "� �%�I�)1954 .(��=�� &�!����� , ������ .�2+�� "K $��0 �)+ ����:�� �-�� �0 �+���2 � $����� �;�����2 ,� �-���
��50 �� "%�� $ 4�$ �)� � �;����� � +���� "�D�� .�+���� ��#&$ "% K��0 .�$�� �A�. )�H�� : 4����?2���� G �54(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
38
(Sections Cooperatives Agricoles Du Plans De Constantine SCAPCO)
, ���-���� , $�:�� .��� �)� .�� %���� � ��� �0 �% �A �+�0�. ��= �0 � D?�� �)� ��2� �;��� .)H ,� ���5� ���� � ��� �� &��+��� .���X�� 1��� "��
������ ���8����� �: ��� ����� �� �� -���� &��� �� ������� @����� d���� �2��=�� ��#.
��� �� �$���� �*�03 �:���1959 ?�8� ,� �-2 ?)-����� ?�8���� , +)1 �� ��= ,�5A ��* , �$�# ?�� 6�� M�*� $ $�� ��A� '�2�*�� , � -��.
7��0 �+ ���0 �*� , ��8-�� .������� �� �H�� ���� , ��8-�� ,+���. ? �� ������:�� ����8�� $L��� "�+�0)1(. "!� �$ "5� "�����59 F1190 �� ]�X��21
�2��+01959 �+ ������ 4 ���� T��8-�� �%��� U��I2 ?)-���6� , ��8-�� ��#��� , ��8� ����$ " )�� 4 , ��8-�� .��-�� ,��+� ��=��� �%��� "�H� $�����
M�)�)2(. ��$-��2 ���#*� >��5� , ��+ �+� "� .�'����� ��# �+ �0 � D �&��!�� �� ����#*�� � ������� � 2 ��8 �%��$�� , �� ���:�� ��8-�� .$�� ����F �+
�� 2 ��7 �F.
�� 8�� /����
E#�# "� E##<��� E#< 6= E< ���� �#������ �#� ����� �� #���
� ��A , $���5�� ��� � �� ����:�� ��-���� $� >��8�� ��A ��2�K ���������� $)2�� �� $;���� T$���5�� ������ ��+ �* . '�2�D G�=�0 � ���2 "�8�
, ��:�� �K��*� ���0 �)�� � "%�* '�$���� "�$5*�2 ����- ���- "#�
)1 (–�H�� : ���2 T$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �16. )2 (F�H�� : ,��)� ���A( G �?2�� 4�� �16.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
39
�2���0 ?���� M ��-�� ��$8��� )2�� ���� � ��2��� ����� � � ��� A� ����� ��. �� �;����� �0����8�� �� � ���- ����+� )��� � ���:��2 ����:�� ��$�� �.
�����$�� ��A �; �� �; �*� �K�����)� ,-5�� ���#�� ,� � ��%� f��#,2����� �0 M)���� )-�� 6�K%�� �� �0 , )2��� ?����� �� -5�� . ��# .$0 $5�
��� T�;����� U�:�� ��8�A ��A ,�� �A�$�3 � , �;����� ,������ �� $ $� " �8� � � �2� � ���5 ?)= ��=� $�A� � �-)� 42�� �#)*��%� @�����( ���!��� >��5 �#
� )���)�#� 8�� @�����.(
*��%� @�����
E#� � �� / 6=
��+ $8�������:�� ��� �� �:��� ��(��� �25 � ��� ����� �;���)�� �, �;����� '������. $2 ��K�� ��# �� 3��2�� �0 M�� ,�� ��� .01952. ��+�
�! � ��+) �� 2��*� ���������27,1 �� , ��:�� �K��*� >�� ��� .��+ ����� �;�����%2 "#�R 70% T�8�� �=$�� � . g)2 � �#� �82� � �L0
9��40 % "#$$� ?�: � ��� �� �;����� ����:�� ��8 �30 "%#�2�0 $$� &� 2���*� � �. �� T����� )=$ ���� ?�: T�;����� U�:�� �+ "20.000 M���
" $5 ?�2<:�*�� �2���*� �(���� ��+ � � �� �2 ,!�! �)� ������ )=$ �" $5 M��� � �)1(.
?����� �� &$������ ,2�=�� ��%��� �� �+�� � �-�� >��5 ��+�,2�=�� , )�����. �:����$ V��8�� ,�� � �� ,! $��� .�B�2 ��%� ��+�� � $�-
)1(F�H�� : "%��)H���(���� ���;����� ���8���� $� T�;����� ��� �� .�� .���2��� ��� $�, -���� G03.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
40
.�������� , �� +�� &$�*� �)� ��A >��8�� ��# @���A �� � .� ) :�)� &$ 2�� "*� $)2�� �� ,������ ,)+�� ? �����)����� ( ,�+�� ,���� ��� �� � � �
18���.
� ,�� ��1875)1( K5� V�"�� �+�)) :�� "�� ,�+�� ,���� �)� ������ �%����=� � $2 �;����� �%������ �� , ��:�� �K��*� �A &� =*� ��# $�� ")� .
����� .����, �( ,������ ��# �� ?�����. � ��A ,��K��2 M���� .� %�� ��K��*� >������ $5 &��:�� ��# .��+����8�� &��! 4 .����� � $� ��A .$0 ���� ���5 � �0 " ��������#�� 9�2+�� �;�28��� ,� � �K��0 &�$��2 � ���5 .�$�
&��!�� ��# �� � +������ $L������ ,���2�� ������ ��A 9$0 �� &�5 � ��� ������2� �� ,:)+��� ,K:=� , �;���)2(.
,������ ��# .)+� $5�),�+�� (&� 2+�� � ���)� �2��� �2�5� �% � .�!���� .���X ���� ��+%� *� ���� &������� ,������ �# ����*���� , ������ �!
"�;����� M�2 " "�� ��� M)�� �0 >����� T���1892 �����1000,�+�� � R# . ,+�� .�!����"��2"��$��� T$� ",������ ��# �� "��� �� �#��!��� 6��� ��A � �,� ���5 .�:�� .��� ��-�"@����"...���)3(. �+ f�-��� ��A .$0 ���-�� ��#
)1 (F�H�� : �+2-)2)$�0( G �?2�� 4�� �59. )2 (F, �:�� .�$=�� "L$8� � , �;����� ,)�-�� $ �� .��+ �� .)(���� �,�+��+ &���� , ���0� ,�����
,2���� 3�� ���0 �#� K���� � ��+�"��+�� H��� �8�� , )� �. 6)��� ���� , �:�� ���*� �0<����� &�2=�� � 9���� .)+�7�� � ���%)� ,�C "%�$�� � ��� � 2���*"�� :)�� �+� " "�� ��
1875 .� �;����� ��-�� ���0 �-K0 "#���0 .��+�. )3 (F�� .��$8�� �)� ,� %�� ��A .���X�� ��# .)��� $5�;��� M)� $ -� �)� '��� $�2)� , �����
V�*�+ , ���*� @������� .�� %����, �B , )��� &�8)� "�$=���� $ -� �)� �0 ? ����� $ -� �)� �0 �25 � @����� �� �� ,-;���� ,������2 ��!���� g � ��= � �0 ���7�� �-�� �� �%)(��� 3 �
��� �� ,��=��+ ����0��� g2��� ,���� �� &��$=��� 6�2��� ,�) ,������ � >�� " �8� �K�8,:��� ������ (.������� ����:�� 6)��� � 2 ,D���� G�� , ���0��� ��# .�:� "��.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
41
?���*� �� �% )� 6)��� &$� �� ,�+�� ,����, ��$�� � ������ ��A .$0 �+� ,2�����$��= �� V �-� �2�%�.
� 2��� ? ��� ,�0 $-2�)1904F1908 ( �K��*� � �7� ��A ����� .����� , $ )8��� , )��� ��!���� g � �2� �%��(��� �0),��=��F�,����� ( �% � $�� ����
��� � $����� � ��:�� � ,)�-�� $ �� ��(���� "�$=��� , 2#� ���� ���-��� �-�� >���� ,������ $�8� "%- ��$8-�(métayage).)1( � � >���� ��#
���0 �+�2 &���2 , $8� , $�� .�-2� M���� �)� 6�� � ��!���� .�5��� �� �+ "$=������7�� �-�� . .��� , : � ,���2 ?)= � �;����� �K��0 �)� '� �����
,� =� �� &�5.
, $ )8��� ��!���� g � .)� $5�),��=��F��,���� ( �K��0 "H- ��%� 9�2+�� .�+��)� .��� �� �+� �� .�� ���� �K��*� ��+� � �������
��A �K��*� � �7�2 .�5 &� =*��� ��=�� �K��*� ��# T��7�� V-2 ��+� - $ ��A �� �$22 � ��:�� ��(�� �#� �7� ��,!�! �0,-2�0 2 �-K0$ �
� ��:�� ��(� �)� '������ V�: � �.�+���� � �#���;���)� ��7�� F� ��= (L��� ���0=, ������ .�5�-�� ��# �!� ,8������ &$�%-�� &�)2(. e�� $5�
�2M� � �82� �2� � � ������� �� $�A� � ��+��� V�*� $ 2� �!� �#0 '��2 6�2�0 �!� 9�=*�� � ������*� ,82��� ��)(� � ��� ���-�� "#� �-��.
.../...+�� ���A @��= , �;����� , �������18��� ,� � +��2� ����2� .� K� �� ���� �� ,��=��A ? ��� ,�0 18��� ,�+�� @�)1904F1908 (� �� &�5 ��A @���� .� K���� �K=�� ,���� �0
������ >���� $�� &� 2+ ��� , : ��� ,���2�� 62�2 �% )� ������ , ������� , ���0��� .�������. )�H�� : �+2)-2)$�0( � 4��?2�� G �69F70.(
(1)- « Le métayage ou bail a colonat (colonage) partiaire ; ou encore bail a part de fruit. est
le contrat par lequel le propriétaire d’un héritage rural le donne a bail, pour neuf ans ou
moins, a un preneur qui s’engage a le cultiver, sous la condition d’un partager les produits
avec le bailleur» .
(article N°819 du code rural français). )2 (F �H�� : �+2)-2)$�0( � 4�� �?2�� G59.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
42
�#� 8�� @�����
E# �� �� / 6=E##�������
�� � �-�� >��5 ��+ ��AA? ���)� ����� ,)+ � ,������ �I� ������2���)�"*� $)2�� �� ,��� F����� �# ����F >�2�� �� ����� � �;����� >��5 �I�
������ M�%���� .����� ,� �2 ?��2 ,������ � <����) �� ,)�� $ ��-���� ��= �0 &��*�.( ��+� � �;����� >��5 �� , $�:�� ,����� ���� ����U � 2
10 �14 R#� �� 2� � $�$� ��A124� �-�� >��5 �� R#)1( . .5��� ��� �K��0 � .��+ T��� �K��0 $�� ����*� ,�� .�� f -� � �;�����
��8�� ?��� 6�=0 �� ,-5��� ,! $��� TL��� �;���2 � �5 �� %�� &�%� � 2���*� ��� ���� ,2D�� �8 2��"�� 2" "Bugeaud" �K��0 $��� �! � ����+�� H�� ��
&$ � �%2��� �� ���:��� � D � ,2�=� )2(.
�� 8�� :" ��
������� �#0< ����� � ���� �#���)�-���0�� �A���(
��A .�:5 ���� ���*� &�+:�� �# V�*� .��+ , � ����� &��!�� >�$�� $-2 �#�� �� 8:�� T�;����� U�:�� �0 .��+� -�� T��� "� �� ��7 �0 V�*� � $ ,2��(��
�$�$�0 �. ���8�� 5� , �� , �*� ��# ?8����)19 <��1962 ( ������ ��8���� �� �����)5 , ) ��1962 (� �-)� ������ � ����2� ��(��
)1 (F�H� : ��)%2 )��� (� "��8)2)$� ( G �?2�� 4�� �129. )2 (F � �50 ��+) �;����� �� � )��� M��� �0 ��A .� ;����� � ��11 � � �� V�*� � R#
� ,��� ���� ��+ ����� � �-�� >��5 �� , +)�100R# . (-ABDELHAMID (A), Quelle Agriculture pour l’Algérie, Alger, OPU, 2009, P25. )�H��:
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
43
.��+ ���� M�*� "%����2. ��;�$�� ��-�� �%���$A ������ ��8�A � ���+� � ��� ,��� ������� ������1962.
�����:�� G�=�� >��8�� 6��� ��A � ;�8)� ������ � ���� "�H� M��2 7�� ��+����$2 � =*� ��# � ���5 � �+�� � $�A� , ���� .�$�� � ��+� � ���� �#
, �����2 , )50 &���2 &� 2+ &����)� �%����A ��� .�$�� � ��+� T$ )8� >��5��%���� .���� >�2�A $%2 e��� &� (�, ;�$2 �;��� ,)-�� ,);�-)� ������ M)1(.
��2 �(��� M���� ��X��� ��8���� , �� � �� ��� &$�8��� , � ����� &��!�� ��&� 2+�� , ������ .� +)�� " ���2� ���� �)� '�K8)�(������� �82��� ��� &$��A�
2�� � ��� '6� ��)�� � ��� � $-�� � ��:�� �)� �%- �����-���� � $�. M)��#, ������ &��!�� �. ������ �) � �� " H�� � �+� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-��) ,��$)2�6 �� %��G�(� � G��=)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-��)2�6 �� ���� 8.(
��%� 2�6 ��
������ ��� �� ����� � ����
2�� �� : � , 5�:�� � , ��!�� &$��� �0 "D� �� ,�19 <��1962 .��+2 �K8��� �-�� >��� ��(��� "$� 6��� '���� �!+ ��� g)2 " $8� $-2 �A
T$ )8��� ��-���� � �82 , :�� �� , �;����� ,�+��� ,2D� �0 �A �K��*� ��#� $ $� T$���5� ��-��� ��A �L��� �0 , �=� �%� � � �+� �� >��� �%�)-�
)1 (F 3�!�� .����8�� �+ 42���) >��8�������� G�=�� >��8�� �T$ )8��� G�=�� >��8�� �� ��� � ��� ( � 6�8 � �)�8 �� ) K��*� � R#, ������ � �%� 3)! �)� ������ � ���� >��5 48 3 �2 .
�%� $��� �+� 3)! T0 �2 �8� ,�$�� ,2��2 � 5�2�� � !)!�� �)� �L������ T$ )8��� 8�2 G�=�� >��8���. )�H�� : G �, ������ &��!�� ?�! 11.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
44
:�� T��8-�����. �+ &$�-��� "�� � �-)� ,-2�� .��+ ���� , ��:�� �K��*�&�D�� M�0 �%:��2� �+.�$�� , ��-���� ,�)�)� � ����� G�=�*� �K��0�
, +������ &��!��2 ���K ��8�) �0 ���= ��)+� � ��� �0 $� 8��+� .-K��,��$�� , �� .�� "% K��0. � �K��*� ��# .)(��� $5� � ���� ���� ? �� �
������� ,��X�� ,�� 1962� "5� �*� �$� �0 �2568F653 � ����2 ?)-��� ,��:�� �� ������)��%� /����(. &��!�� �$#0 "#0 �# , ������ ,��$-�� �*�
, �;������ � �$�+�� � ��:�� ?�8� >������ �#$�%� ,)8���� �;����� .)��� $8�A ,2�)�������:�� ������ ��2� ���A �� �%8 8�� �+ � ����� �+������ "�H���
�2�� ��2� T���$� � 0$2 �)� �+��� ,������ ��$ �� �-)� &���2 ,5�� '���A"�%$= �� V�*�) "�� 8�� /����.(
��%� /����
����� � ���H�� �##���� � ��
���� "�H� �0 ��A &����� .82� &��$� , �:� ,8 ��+ 7�� ,��:�� �� ������ � ���-�� �%+�� ���� &�D���� M�*�. �� $8-��� <)2��� ��X ��A >��L���2 �+�
����1962 �.��� �=� 3�! U�� $5 �$��)1( ���:�� ��8-�� ,�0 @�-�� �%� 2 ��
)1 (F�� <)2��� e���2 .��� �=� �!�� : ��*� �� �=�� :� �!� � �;���)� >��8�� ��# >��� � �7� �0 4 2 �� �I� ���%� "D� ���� ��# �+�
, �D , ����� ,82� � >��8�� ��# , +) �8� �7� � ���� ��# �* �, ������ , �� � &���= �K� , ��� , �D ,82� ��A , 2��0� '���� , $��� &�$8�� M)� � &� 8:�� , ������ .�;:�� �0 M�� ��# � �7� �0
>������ ,�-�� ,�� ��� �� � !7��� �%��� � �&$ $� , �D ,82� ?)= ��A T$X � ���� ��# �I� ������2�$�2�� ���� � �� T��� �+������ ����� 4 V5��� �2 ,��$)�.
���!�� �� �=�� : �� ��:�� ��(� �)� �0 � $-�� � ��:�� �)� >��8�� �K��0 4 ��� �# ���� ��# �+�.��+ ���� ? ������ @����� ���:2 ,��-�� "% $� "$-�� �0 "%�8�� G�=�* �K��*� 1� ��- .../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
45
.�� ������ � ���� 6�)�0 ,��$�� ���A� $��A �0 ��- � � L$� ��A .8:�� ,��$�� &������ � ���� 6;��+ &$��A 4� ��%� � )��� � �����2�� M)� , �= � ,-2����
>������ T��� �*��+������ �%�%� 4 V��-� � � �$2 �%)28�,���)� &�� ������2 "%� ������ � �L$2 ,��$�� $�� ")� �&�D���� M�*� �)� ��-�� �25 � , �
� ���� ��#� "5� "����� �K�8262F020 �� ]L�X��22 �2��+01962 )1(
&�D���� >����� �� � ���� ���� < �7� �K���� T������� �K��*� ,- 2� ��,)(����� � ���*� &$��� 6�� ,��$)� �+) �#�L A ��2�- . �) � ��� "�H��� �����
� &� ��� ,���)� �����8�� � ��)@����� %�*��( %) �� 6 ���0 "!� �%����� ? ����)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
#��H @�#� �� �<�� �� ���� ��� � ����
"5� �*� � ���*� &$�)� �8 2��68F653 �� ]�X��30F12F1968 ,��:�� �� ������ � ����2 G�=��� �*� �# "�H��� ��# ? 2�� ��� �I� ,X�� �K�
� 2 � &��:�� ��1962F1968. � ���2 � �) "%�:�0 $�2�� &$�5 $�� 3 �'�$%��� � �� ) .�;�� .��� ���� � � #���� � .�;�2 � ��:�� � �� )
��� .()2 ���� ,$%�� "#��5 ��A ��� ���� $���� �+�� � � $;�-��800 , �5�
.../...������ $%� �� �%2 � �� .,����� &� 2+ >��� �%��+� ��H��� ���- ���� ��# ? 2�� �I� �2+0 $ :�� � &� (� 4�5 ��A �%�;����$$ � ��:�� � �+� >��8�� , ����A �)� �!X �.
3��!�� �� �=�� : �� �%8 2�� 4��� , +������ ,�� ��� ��A 6 ��� T���� ,��:)� ������ � ���� "�H� �#��8���� $-2 ,��$��� ��)- ����+ "%��+ "%��2= � &$�:����� >����� �� ��-�� ���8��� �K �+
� �-)� �+) .��+ �� �% ��� 2���*. )1 (F ,��� �� @1962� > 11.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
46
�� ) ��� � ���5 ����#6�(��� <��� ��A� �1,75 �� � )��-�� � �� )�-��)1( . �� .��+ ���� , ��8-�� &� H��� >������ ��A >���� �-� M�� ��� �
� �-�� &���)2( M��� ,���� .�� ��+ �� � ����)3(.
)1 (– �H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( G �?2�� 4�� �111. )2 (F �)� �� � ���:�� � �-�� >��5 ��+60% @���A � � � �$)2)� T����� ������� e����� �
6�2���)40% ( +��:��� �K=���)70% ( ,�+���)90%(� ���� ��# .��+� &����)� ,%�� .��, ���=��. 6�2��� ,���� �!� �.�L$-�� ��# 4���� ��A .$0 T��-���� "�H��� 4 ,- �8�� �0 � D
�%����A 4����2 �%2 �H�� .��+ ���� "�$�� .��� �� �#$8�� �,%� � �);�-�� M�%���� "�� >�:��� 62�9�=0 ,%� � , ���:�� ?���� �� �%) ��� .��� �+�2 �8� 3)!�� ,2��2 ,�+�� @���A 4�� ���5 62�2
, �� �� , -2� .�5�� �%8 ��� �2�8 �� �% )� .K�� ���� �,������ ��# �� �L����� , ����� ,�)���&$ $��� , ����� .�%����� 4 ������.
)�H��: G ��:� 4����118(. )3 (F "5� �*� �# .� ���+ �� ��# ���0 ��+62F020 � �� ]�X�24 .�01962 , �� �K���
� 2�+ &�D�� �+�0 M�*� ��# ��2��� � D >���� $� "� 3 � ��#� ��� &�D���� ���*� � �$�)� �82� �%: 4 V5��� ��+ ��*� ��# ���A �� ��(��� "�%: �+� �%�������539 �713
����:�� ��$�� ����8�� �)� ��-:�� , ����� "5� �N� �8 2�62F157 �� ]�X��31 �2� $1962 �, ����� &$� ��� 4 V��-�� ���� "�+�*� '��!���2 ����:�� 4 ���2 �-�� $$ T���( ���2�-� ���)��� �
,����� 6���� ,����� ��# �� �0 �3��� � < � �0 � ��- � D M���� ��+ �� ��D�� ����*� ��2;�D ��+ �A� ��- "5� "�����2 , ��! �=$�)� >���� 4�$ T��� �63F88 �� ]�X��18
<��1963 ) � @> 19 ,���1963 G �282 , ���� ,=��( .82��� ����� ���(��� .��� �$$� �M���*� � :H���� T�$�� �K��0 �)� ����:�� ��-���� 82� �0 ?2� T��� ��(��� "�%: 4 ���
��� ���$�D � ���&��!��2 ��8���� � ��� � �;����� �)�� ��;�� . ,��=�� , ;�K8�� ,%��� "����� $$� �+$� � ��(��� ���5 , ��� 9$ �� �H���2 . "5� ����8��2 @�� $5�66F102 �� ]�X��6 T�
1966 ) �� @>36 ,���1966 G �42 ( &�D���� M�*� , -2� �)� ���*� �$� �� G� T���$)�,�� . ���$�( "� � ��� � �-�� �� � �%��(��� L���� &�2�- , ��� �K��0� >��� ,! �*�
"5� �*� >���� �$�0 $8� ��;�����63F388 �� ]�X��1 �2��+01963 @��$A �K��� , �����2 4��� � ���� , ��-��� , - 2��� G�=�*� V-2� ,-2���� , ��:�� .��(���� �K , �;�����
,��$�� M�0 ) � @> 73 ,���1963 G �107 , ���� ,=��.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
47
, ��:�� �K��*� &�$�� "� �+ � �;����� V-2� ,-2����)1( . G����� �+� ��%� ,��+��� 2�$��� " 7��� 1)�� �-��� "� )Nationalisation ( &$��� �� $�����
"5� �*� � ���*�68F653 �� ]�X��30F12F1968 . �0 M�� �� 62����8� �%� �72 ,;�$ ,:�2 H:��� , ����� ,������ .2)� ���� �K��*� ��# �)� �82��
� �-�� �� �� 2� �-��� >���� �I� )�� �%;��� � �$��5 ,��$�� M�0 &��?� �� ��$ .2��D� ���� �K��*� >������� �+ "� 62��� ��%�� T0 ,! V �-�
�%�7�2)2( .
� $5 , ������ .�$���� � ��2 � ;�8)� ���5 � ��:��� ��L-�� �0 ��A &����� .82� .�$�� �@����� , )� 5��� � ��� �K��*� ��# �)� ,;�8�� ����� G�����
,2����� ��# �)� � H����� ������ 42���� '�:K� �% �A� ,���A ��A $%� ����,%� � , 2��*� , �����2��� ��� 4 ,:��-��� , )��� , �����2�� �-KA� ��-�
9�=0 ,%� �� T��� �+������ e%��� 4 V��-�� �������2� ,��$�� M���C.
� ���� &�%�0 �+���� ,�-�� , -��� � ������)� � )-�� ,; %�� �#� ��-� ��� &� ��� , ��(����. �+���� �#��$2 &� =*� ��# �� � ;�$�� ��-�� �
�-��2 &���2� , �=� ,:�2 � ;�8��� , �;����� , �����2 � -���� ,��������:��� �-�� ��# � D �=C �� - $�� "%� ��+ �0 ��$ .��� ,�-�� , -��� 4�
, ;��!��� 9�=0� , $�� .���$ �� ��-)�� "�8��2 ,8)-��� �$#*�� e��2�� 4K�
)1 (F���K��*� � � ��� �%2 ��-: 1F , �;����� , �����2��� � ���5J� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�) � .�$�� $5 �K��*� ��# .��+�
.����2��� .��D*�� $� 8�� 1���� , ��-���� &��$�� �� ( �$�7� "5� ����8�� �%�7� �� >����63F276 �� ]�X��26 , ) ��1963 .)� @� ,��1963 �> 53� G774 , ���� ,=��.(
2F, +������ &��!�� �$#72 �0 $�2�� �72 <����2 � %��� G�=�*� �K��0� �*� �%��� �� �$�� "5�64F258 �� ]�X��27 .�01964) .,�� � @� 1963 �> 30� G450 , ���� ,=��.(
)2 (–�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �60.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
48
, ��(����2� .�8:� �)� ?$���� ��-�� <)� �25 � ,���8�� ? ������ @�����. 6=���� �%;�K�0 � 2 ��#� , ��!�� ,; %��� ���= � ;�K�0 � 2 � ���$2 '�K�0��� ,���� �. , ��(���� &� � �� ,�%�� .����8�� ��=�� <)��� ���� �� '�K �)�
��-)� ,�-�� , -��� .�%���� ��-�� <)� �)� , 2 $7��� ,�)���2 4)�K �+ � �� ���� ,��� �)� ,�)�. � &� =*� ,; %�� �0 � �2 ,8)-��� .����8�� 4 � �=��
��2A� , ���� .�2������ ,����� � ���� ��-�� H��� � ����� V�8�� $�8� ".���� 3�! &$� ��-)� ,�-�� , -��� � 6=�� < ;� ,��;�2 . 6��� ��A $�� �
� -�� ,����� � $ ,82���� &�%�*� , �����2 ,8��� $-" T$)2�� <)���� , ��������� � ����"� ? 2�� �)� �� � ,��$�� �! T���� .���8 � <)�� � ���� ,��
��-��.
�0 "$8� � "%: , ����� �� � ,� - &�%�0 6��� ��A ,2=�� &�%�0 ,!)� $��(. ���8�� ��=�� ,�)� ��� >���� ��A .5��� 4 ���� T��� �*�� �%���
� $�� 6�� '�(�I2 ��-)� ,�-�� .� -��� ,2���2� 5��� ��A 9$0 T���G @���A� >����� ���� ��$82 � ��� &� ��)1(� "�H��� �)� �� � T��� , -2��� 0$2 62�2
� ��� &� ��� ,���)� �����8��� h��0� � ���� �� ,+����� � ��-�� "�� T��������� � ������ ���-�� � ���� "�%:)2(.
� $���� .K�-� $8� � $ :��)� U���� ?��� ,- 2�2 ?)-� � ��858 ��A
)1 (–�H�� : ,��)��� ���( �?2�� 4�� G �37. )2 (F &$��� G��20 "5� "����� �95F163 �� ]�X��25 <��1963 ) �� @> 17 ,��� �
1963G �298 (� , $���5�� .� )-�� , ��� 9$ 65�� � $�� �0 �)� &�%�0 �% ��� ���� , ���������� � ����.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
49
866 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;�����)1( �-���� ,:� ��A M���C� �K��N� G�=��,��$)� ,-2���� , ��:��� ��-��� $8� 1�� ,��$�� �0 �)� .���� ��A �K��*���� ��-�� .����� T$��� �2�8�� ����� "� 3 �2 �� � D ��*�. �+
�� ?��� � �7� � � $ :���� .-�� ()� "%� U��. �5�)� ,+�� ,��$�� �82�2 ��$ ,��(����2 � G=��� �% 8 ���� ���2��� .������ , +) � ,+�) ��+� 3 �
,��=� � .������ M)� �+�K��*� ��# �#�!� ���� , �����. ��A ,��K��2 ?�8� �% )� G�� 9�=0�������� � ����2 ,��=�� � ���8� �! �� ?� ? 2�� V25 �� $ :��
�� � ��$0� �����5 &$$��� .� : +)� �-2�� , ����� ,���� ��= �=$�� ��� � ?���(���� � "��)�� $�� 6������� �, ��(���� �� �-)� 42�� �+� &�� � ?�.
�#� 8�� @�����
�#- #��H @�#� �� �<�� �� �#� � �#
�L�� , ��:�� .� ��(���� .��+ , ��:�� �� ���� .�+�� �� �(Sociétés Agricoles De Prévoyance) ,���-�� U����2(SAP) � .��+ ����
,���I2 ������ ��2A ,:)+ &� 8:�� � ��:�� ,���)2( . ������ ��� $�� $��0 $5��% H�� ������� U��J�� ��� .����", ���-��� ������� ������ �+��"
)1 (F "5� ����8�� 6��2 $���� ��# '�(�A "�87F19 �� ]�X��8 �2� $1987 .��!����2 ?)-��� , ��:��) &$���47 ( "5� ����8�� �(�0 �+68F653 ,��:�� �� ������ � ����2 ?)-���.
)2 (– ���:�� &��$J� $+7� �0 $-2 �� ���-��� T�;����� T$ )8��� ������� >��8�� ��#$� �0 �;�����2 ,��+� <�:� �� 6K(�� � �$ � ��$�� $)2)� ������ $���5��� ������� @�$�� ,�� � �� .����
,������� &� �8�� V��8��2 '��8:�� � ��:�� &$����� ���K� � �2� $�� �%�8 8� �� .��+ ������%)=$�� �� �;����� +) T��� ������� >��8�� �� . &� ��� ������� >��8�� � �� .�+���� ��# .����� ���.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
50
)Les Centres Coopératifs De La Reforme Agraire(C.C.R.A) ( � ������� ���� ���� �%� .+���� � ���� �)� �%���� �=7� 62�2.
G���=�� T�� � 2��� ,! �+ "� �0 �+���2 � $����� ,2���2 "�8 ��+��%�� T��� ����-��� ������� U���� �+� � �� ,��� �+� .����� M��� ,�+���
���:�� " )-�)� , ��2�� , ���� ,�� � , �;������ �� 2����� � �+�� ��+�)1(. 0 �? ����� $ -� �)�)2( �25 ,;�5 .��+ ���� .���X�� , )-��2 .:)+ $8�����8���
6�2�)� ,+����� , �;����� ,; %�� �%�� �#X��0 .� (� �0 $-2)Office Algérien
Inter Professionnel De Céréales( .��$���� ,25��� ,��=� ,; # 3�$���� "�� �. 2? ���)� , ����� ,; %�� )Nationale De Commercialisation Office(
.����� �-�� � ����� ��+� ? ����� , )� �2K ��0 ���%��!-2 ���);�-�� M�%���� �0 65���� � D 4 2�� .���5� .����� U��J� , ����� ,; %��
�������� ���� ,��� �)� �)� �2�8��2 �%� ����� � ����� �� �%)�� �0���2�� � �%�����. ��� ��# �* ? ����� , )� .�!-� $5� �)� V�:� .��+ ,(
������ )��� �;��= $2+��� � ����� ��=� �0 ,����� ,���, � �=��� ��� ���%���� ��H��� ������� U���� .� ���-� �25 �. , ���5�� 2 ,� �� .��+�
�� ������ 4 ��-��� ��A , := ��-�� 7�� �0 ? �����2 ,:)+�� &�%�*�1967. "�H��� ��# G;��= � �0 �+���2 � $����F���� )�� ��A .$0F ���*� �0
�� $L$��� .��+$�? ������ @����� ���� �� ��-2 $� < �� ��-�� �:� � ,!,��$�� �%$8� ���� @����� �;��� 4 �0 , ������ , )-�� 4 ���-��� �)�. �+� ")�
�%��- 2 , 5� ��-�0 �-� &$����� &$� � "D� >��8�� , ����A 4���� ��A 9$0 � ��A ��� ,2��2 � � )�-��25%.
)1 (–�H�� : "%��)H�����( G �?2�� 4�� �25 G �28. )2 (–�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( G �?2�� 4�� �161.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
51
�� 8�� /����
�#<����� @��8��
���� ,%2� 6�� $8�*� ���X ������ � ��,)8���� �;����� V�0 �)� � F ��(�0 .�$ $5�6 � "� 016 ��A21 � ��01964F �,��-�� �;�����2 3 �
, ��8���� ,)��)� " 8� ��A ��X�� V�-�� ,��� ��X�� H�� ���:�� ��$ �� ���L ��� ���:�� ��8-�� �% )� ��+ ���� ,8 �K��� ��� �� � +��� ��2+ � , )50 ��� ��
��(��� � ��:�� � � 2+ ��%��� G�=�� >��8�� ��)! � ���. ����� ,! �+ ")�� ��� � ��� ���:�� >��8��� � =*� ��# � 2)1(. >��8�� ��:� ��$ V :=� ��0 ��
G�=��� , �� ��� &� �)� �8 8��� M���� �# �+������ >��8�� �-�� , $���5����$�2)"� $8� � , ������ &��!�� ��2���2 � 2�$��� � ,��� ���5A�$*� � �� ��
, � �$� &���2 �#����A "� . � 2� �) � �� , ������ &��!�� ? 2�� ?���� T0, ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$���� .���+ )�� @���%�*��(I ��(���� ?�� "�
�# ���A �� ���:�� ����8�� �)�� @������#� 8(.
)1 (F���� � ���� "�H�� ,-K�= .��+ ���� �K��*� �A .()2 ,��:)� ��2.266.000 ,����� 3)! T0 R#,����)� ,������� �%)K�0� �K��*� $��0 �� ,-5��. �% � �(� �135.000 � ";�$ ���100.000 ��� ��� ��) - 140.000 G=�. �%d)+ ,����� �5�2 �0 � � ��)2/3 =534.000R# ( �% � �- 1.100,000 ��) - G=�5 ��+� ,�� � � ,�% ����� �� �$�� �� �� 8 �%+� 6)D0 ,��:��)V�N� ���2 � D ��(��� (�# , ������ &��!�� �$#0 .��+ M���:
F $�2�� .��2= � .�� ���� ���� � �*� �� T��� � (� 3�$�A)75% "%��;�� � ��:�� �,� -)� ��$*� $��� 9��� � �572 ��� - .(
F��� &$��A"%� 5�� ���� 4K�� � ������ " H��� �K��*� 4 F,-����� , ��8-�� , +))� ,;�8�� >�K�*� 6)5. F ��$ �� �-)� &���2 .�5�� '���I2 M��� ��+�0 �+2 ��(���� �)� '�K8��� ��-���� ��!C , :��
0$2 <��0 �)� ,������"�%$= �� V�*�." )�H�� : ?�$�)��(� ���� � ��;����� �� ������� >��8)� �����8�� " H�����;����� .���2��� ��� $
, -���� G �15F16(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
52
*��%� @�����
�#<����� @��8�� ��6��� &������
,��$�� .���X � ,��X , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$����� .�� ,��K�,��:�� � �� , ���. ?)-� � � ������ ��A � '�� V�: G���=�� ��# �+�
!�� ���0 ,�� �� � ���� .� )� �)� �����2������ &�� ,)1( . ��# "�8� � &��!�� ? 2�� ?��� �� ,)=�$�� .� $)2�� �+ 9��� �)� , $)2 ? $��� ��A ?�$����
, ������ ." 7��� �%� �K��0 �% � $��� � ���� .� $)2�� �0� ��# �%2 7��� ��? $�����.
��*� � >���0 ,-2�0 � , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$���� ��+� ��K �!�� �� M�� �� �2 , ���� �0 ,��$)� ,-2���� ,����)� &$-�� �0 , ������ �K��*�
, �-�� .���X��� �2��!������ ,��=�� .������ '�" )-��� �0 �)-�� 3�2�� 6. �X�� @����� �;���� ,����)� &L$-�� �0 , ������ �K��*�,)2(� �f�-�� �K��0� �,)%�� �K��*�� � '�%���� $-2 ,!�� �2 ,+����� �0 �%� M�� � ���� �K��*��
.� +)�� ��# �%2 $��� � ���� .� $)2�� �� , ������ &��!�� ? 2�� .� )�.
)1 (–�H�� : G �?2���� 4����20. )2 (F ������ ?�! �� ��A >�����2) � ���227 ����1976 ������ ?�! �� �)� T�;����� 6-��� ?���
���05 , ) ��1976 �� ��# ,��$�� < ;� �K0, ���� &$ ���� �� .���� ,8 !� . ��# � ���2���� ��*� �$��� ������ ?�! �� 12�0 � ������,*� � ���5� ,��$�� ,�� � ( ��A ,��=�� , +)�� "�8
�$;�� 6�+� � (�� �� ��(���2 1�� ���*�� , ��(��� � D 9�=0� , ��(��� , +)� �+�� , ��!�� �0� 8�� � $�:���+���� �-�� �� ���0 ��X�� ��X�2 "....��� . � D , +)��2 ��-� , +������� , ��(����)&� (��� , +)�� ( ����$�� �� ����5A "� � ��#�1976 �$� �� G� 3 �16 :»... , +)��
$ $��� ������� " H���� � 0��� � 0�� ����8�� �%��- �+ , ��(���� � D ,��=��... « "� M��2� , ��(���� , +)�� �)� '�K8��)�#�K�8�� ���� &��*� .��+ �% , ���= ,)�� $ ��A '��� �+ �#� (
"5� �*� �� <�+ � �#� ������ =* ������ ��(��� �)� '�K8�� $%2 " 7��� T�� ��71F73 �� ]�X��8F11F1971 , ������ &��!�� �K���.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
53
?�$����2 ?����� � ��!��� �+� , ������ &��!)� ������ �K��*� V-2� �! "�H�� ,-K�=�� ,��:)� &$-�� �0 , ��:�� �K��*� ,��:)� ������ � ����. �� � $#���� '�$5 .� ���-�� ,��+�� �K��*)1(. �0 6� '��!���� ��# ? 2����
,)(�� � D ,+��� .��+ ��I� ,)(�� �K��*� ��# ��+�K ?�$���� ��A .�- ��� G� 6��2.
� ,2����2�?�$���� �K��* , ����8�� ,- 2�) �I� � �$�)� �8 2��5 �14 � ����$1976� ,��$)� M) ,X�� �K��*� �I� . &$��� .�� �+688 ����8�� ���$�� �$���� T�;������82K� *� "5� �75F58 �� ]�X��26 �2�2�1975)2(� "�-�� ���� , �� $���8� 4K=�� �,��$)� M�*� ��# , -2� �)�)3( . �H�:��
)� ������ ?�$���� .�+)� �)�, ������ &��!� &$��� .��27 "5� �*� �71F73 � �+ ,25�- �)�) ��A � ��� � <2���2 .�+)��� ��%2 ���K ?�5
.����� ��(2� � 2 � U����� , �� ,500 � @$5000@$.
� ,2����2�, ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$����2 , ��:�� �K��*� ?���A ?�� � �I� &$�)� �82�19 "5� �*� �71F73 ��+� ?�$���� ��# �I� � � :�� �
�� ��*� ��K��*� ? �� �� �%5���A "� ���� �K��*��� �!��� �"K��
)1 (FA $%2 � � � f -�� 6�2�0 � �%� +�� T�;����� T$���5�� ������ �� � $#���� '�$5 ,;� @�$ ��� �%2 4�� ���� � ���� <:� >���� "%�� $8� , � ����� &��!�� '��!0 �%�$5 ���� .� �K��� $-2
���:�� ������ � ���� .,�� �� "%2 ,��=�� .� ���-��� < �7� , )� .8)���� 1966 "5� "����� $$��169F120 �� ]�X��18F08F1969 ) � @> 71 ,�� R� �1969 ( .� ���-��� ��%� ����*� ����8��
,2������ V��8�� 3 � � ,2����2� � ��� &� ��� >����� �� ,82��� .�� �� <:� �% )� ?2����? ������.
)2 (– G�� &$���689 ��$�� ����8�� � �;������)� �T :» �0 ,��$�� ���0 �� ����� ��� �"$�8���2 �%+)� �0 �#���...«.
)3 (–�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( G �?2�� 4�� �161.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
54
, �-�� �K��*�)1( .��+ ���� , ���:�� ,��$)� ,-2�� , �;����� ,��$�� ��A .)8��� "!��)��� 0$2 �K�82 ��8���� $-2� 0T ,��$�� �0����� , �; , ���:�� ,��$�� ��� .)�
�%� ,-2���� �K��*� �+ ��� ,��$�� �, ���� �.� $)2�� �K��0 ���� ��A ,��K��2f�-�� �K��0)2(� � $50�$G �=� .����5 6��2 ?�$���� �� ..
� ���!�� ���� �0 �%5���A "� ���� �K��*� &��!)� ������ ?�$����2 , ������ 7��� ? �� �� ")3(� �� �!���M)�� �K��0� �� , +)�� ?� �() 3 �
,:�2 K�0 ��(���2 "�8 � M�� �+� ,2����2 ,����)� &$- �0 , ���� V�0 �+&���2� , �=� .K��*� "+� �� �2�-��� T��- G=�� ,-2���� M)� ,)(���� � D
G�=�� ����8)� 4K�=)4(.
(1)F�H��: CHALABI (E), Les nationalisations des terres dans la révolution agraire, Alger. OPUs 1984,
p 146. )2(F�� ��� $8�,��= ,)�- , ��:�� f�-�� �K��* � ����� � )(���� >��� 3 � � �!�
, ���-��� ��A "�K��� �)� �2� � D f�-�� V�0 �(�� �I� ��(����� 9�=0 V�* �(���� <+�) � �$���141F142 "5� �*� �71F73 .( M�0 � �+) f�-�� V�0 �2��� $5 >���� ��+ ��A�
� ,��$�� , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$����2 �%8��0 �$�) &$���22 "5� �*� �71 F 73.( ��� $5 �I� " 7� 3 � � ,��= V�* M���� ,)�- ������ �%)(��� ,:�2 �%��(��� "$� ,��� �� V�*
&���2� , �=�. ,��� �� "+���� ? �� �� �8� 8� �I� f�-�� � D V�* �(���� �=2 "$� &���2� , �=� ,:�2 V�N� ��(���)�� &$�12 "5� �*� �71F73(. �0 � ��� ��# �� 62����
f�-�� V�* �(���� .,25��� , +) 9�� �%� �+� ")� ,��$�� �0 �>�:���� ?�� M�� �2�- . ��%�� �%- ��� �;�28�� '��� ���� 3 � ���!-�� $%-�� ��A �%)�0 $�- �K��*� .�;�-�� 6�2�0 �)
�%��(���� �* �% � ����� ��� � �+� �,��(�� ��� ,2 �K ��-�$ � $2X >�:��� ?� "%� 12� �M�� � D �(���� .
)�H�� : �2 , 5�) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �71(. (3)F �H�� CHALABI (E), op cit, p 185.
)4 (–$���� �H��: 28F29F33F "5� �*� �71F73 �� ]�X��08/11/1971 &��!�� �K��� �, ������.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
55
+� , ��:�� 5��� �K��0 .0� , ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 �� @��= ��# ���*� � >���� ��# �� ����� � �� � ����M�. �K��*� � 2 >���� � $5�
�:5� ,��5���������= �:5� ,��5��� �K��*�� �)1( .���� �� "X� ���*� ,; %�� .:��� .��4 )� V�*� .:5�0 ���� "�-�� �%� 5�� �� "X� , ��!��� �� '������
�����2�� ��(�� ��=����V�N�.
,! �0 � D �*� �� �% )� G��� "� "� 9�=0 ,���, ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �� ,�$�� �K��*� �#�?�$���� >�2��� ? �� �� , ������ &��!)� ������.
.)�� 3 �2310 �!� >�2� ,���75.243��!��2 >���5�� �� �2- � �R# & , ������+ ��� , ��� , ���K , ������ , $���5� ,�� �. � �=C >��� ,!$%���2��+ � ����� ���� �#��20> .���� ��= .�-����� .� ���!�� ,2)� � ,)+���
, : ���� , ����� ,����� . �-� �#� , ������ &��!�� _$�2 "#0 $�0 � 42�� >������� #�� &��!�� ��#, , 2-� ��� � �#� ,�)��� , � ����� &��!�� � �%�2��� $��� ,
.�$�� ���� �% � 4 �.�82��� , 2-���)2(.
���#� 8�� @���
����� �������
�2+0 , ��8��� 1� ��A � �� 4 ������ � ���� "�H�2 , ������ &��!�� .H:���,����� � $ 6�� '�(�A "� 3 � �"�H��� ��%�)3( -�� &���� �� � �82�� �
)1 (– �H�� : � $����34 ��A38 ���� <:�. )2 (–�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�( �?2�� 4�� � G313. )3 (F "5� �*� � $-� "�68F653 �� ]�X��30 �2� $1968 �*� 6��2 ������ � ����2 ?)-���
"5�75F42 �� ]�X��17F01F1975.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
56
T0 >���� 4� �+ �,��:�� ,���)� , )=�$�� ��X��� �� �=$�� "�H��� < �+� "��, ��:�� , +������ 4 ���� &�$7+ ����-���� � �K � ����� ��(� @�$� ,) ��
,��:)� ,:!+�� , ����. � ���� 6 ���0 �)� ������� � 6L�$� ���A $-� �%�0 �+�@����� �;���� �����. "5� �*� � , ��!�� &$��� .��� $5�71F73 .� ���-���
����� ��8����� , ��-�� , �=���2 4��� , �+� � D , �$ .�+�� �%�0 �)�)1(.
���� ���� ���A �� &$��8+ , ��:�� �K��*� �('��!���� , $�� ,:�2)2(. � �+� �K��*� ��(��� �8� 1�2� 5�8�2 4�� , ����� T�;��� �- 2� G=
$���� �� �(��2 , �$��� V�*� ,$=� ��$2�� � #7��� ��� �< � T$�- M�)� �, � ����� &��!)�)3(. ���� �+ �� �0 ������ � ���� �� ��K� ��+ � �0 $ :����
� $#���� '�$5 .� ���-�� ,��:�� ��� �0�.
�� �0- 2� ?��� , �� U����� ?� �%� ������ ��# � �����>�:��� X2 $3��A ��$ ��+��� >�:� �8�)� �2�5)4(� �%#0 .������ ?��� ��# �2�8 � V�*� ,$=
�&���2�.����*�� "����� $ $��� 8 �� � $-� "$��, V�*� ��(����I2 �A� �?2� �������2 $ :���� ��=A �)� 6��� 3 � � ��8�&$�:���� ?� ,%��� ��+��
,+��� �# ?��� ��8�I2 ,��=��)5( .
)1 (F>��8�� � ��2 ,:)+ , �+��� &��$�� $-� "�� e��� "�0� T�;����� ������ M�2�� M��2 �:+� �2K� "%2���+� "$-2 � $ :����, � � .���� M�2�� �2��� �=$�� ,��$�� �I� ��8-)� ,+���� �# ,��$�� ��+
$ $���� "$� ���= �K� ���� �#� $;��� ��$ V��5�� �)� . )�H�� : ,��)��� ���( G �?2�� 4�� �66(. )2 (–&$��� �H�� 112 "5� �*� �71F73 �� ]�X�� �08/11/1971, ������ &��!�� �K��� �. )3 (–�H�� :��� �$� 119F120 � <:� �*�. )4 (–�H�� : � �$���129 �130 ��*� <:�. )5 (–�H��: &$���45 "5� T� :���� "����� �78F107 �� ]�X��07 � �� 1972 @��� �K���
� ?��� ��8�� 2�� .�'���A� 1��� $8� . .../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
57
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
J����� ��� �� ����� � ����
��2� T�����,28��� M)� �� �$;�� ��+ T��� �+������ e%���2 �;����� .�!7� ��$� , � ���� �+ �0 ��$+ ���-���� .�� �0 , ���� .�� .��+ ���� ��$�� "H-
���*� ?����... "�8 T���� �&������ ��$)� ,;� �!+*� e%��� �$2 ��+ 3 � ���� �� �%����2 .$�� ���� , ������ &��!�� �� $��� � �, ������ ,��$-�� 0$2 �)� 9�$� �� M +����� �T��-���� T��8-�� "�H��� 3�A� $� 5 � .�:��� &���K
�� �� ���:�� ��8-�� � �� ,) ���� �# , ������ &��!�� .��+� �, ���0��� "H��� ?� ,�)��� , ���� $ A �K ���:�� ��8-)� �����8�� "�H��� e$ ���� 42���2 �#
'��� ���7� �-K� ,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� �%��= .��� ����� �, +������ �T��8-�� '����� 3 � )��%� /����( ��2!A .�$�� 3 � � �0% �)�� 8�� /����.(
/���� ��%�
'�"-�� �#���� B #-� �� �"�
�� ��� &$�8��� &��!�� �� � ��X��� � +:� �(���� " ���2 ��8���� , ��&� 2+�� , ������ .� +)��� ��(���� �)� '�K8)� , $��� , ����� � ,��� ,) ��+
�82���)1( ��������. 2 ,��$�� �:�+� ")� ����� �%!��� �K &�D���� M�*� @�$I
.../... "$5 �)� �%�:� �-�� �0 .$��0 ,��$�� �0 �# , $�-�� "+���� ��A >����� ,���A �� 62��� �A� 8����� 4 &������. &�5 �+� �� ,��$�� �-� >�����2 , ��$�� �-�� G���=�� . >���� "��0 $5�
.������� '�%�I2 �, ;�K8�� <������ "+���� �H �� , ������ &��!��2 ,8)-���7 � ��� � '�$�2� �%�0 , ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� ���)�� ,82���� .�������.(
)1 (F .)�� '������ ��� �K��*� 4 ��� �� ������� U����� ,��:�� &���� �%2 .�5 ,���$ ���) �: F16.500 &$����� ,��� $ �� , ���� , ��(��� ��50 �!� R#25 % G�=�� >��8�� ,��� �..../..
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
58
���� ��2�����,��$)� �+) � ��� &� ��� >� T��8-�� 3����� 4 ��� ��� .%��� �2G�=�� ���:�� >��8�� 6��� �)� �%� M�)��. ��- ���)� , ����� .�5��
� &$ $�� ,!����� .�5�-���� T��-���� "�H���),��=�� F,������( &$��A�'��8:�� � ��:�� �0 � $-�� �)� �K��*� ��# 4 ���� '6� ��)�� � ��� � � �
���-���� � $�2�� � ���" 7��� &�+� .'�� ?)���� ��# ��. ������ �) � ��.���2 &�+:�� �$# )@����� *��%�(I �%8 2�� ?����)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
B���" K� �� ��� �#���� �$��%� �#
6��+�� � V-2 9� )1( " 7��� , ���� $���A , ��+I2��A "5� �*� "�+�065F182 �� ]�X��10 , ) ��1965 ,�)�� �(� ����$ ,2�!2 �# T���
���*�2 4 ����� ,�)� &��!�� <)� < ;�� V�: 6�8���� �� ,; # �)�0 ���2���2, �D ��A $�2�� ,��1976 ����$ 6��2 , ������ &��!�� ����5 &���$ "� 3 �
1976.
, :�� �$�: , ������ &��!�� �A $���� ������ 42�� �� �=C �L�2 ,!�����5�� >���� � ,��=�� , +)��. �;����� �� �$��� �+ "� >���� ��# �0 "D��
.../...F147.000 � 2 �%� &$����� ���� U����� , ���� , ��(���10 �50 � R#50% �K��0 �G�=�� >��8��.
F114.000 � &$����� ,��� U����� , ���� , ��(���5 ��A10 �+��� �15 % �K��0 ,��� �G�=�� >��8��.
F380.000 $�$� �� �%���� , ��(���5 �!�� R#10% G�=�� >��8� �K��0 ,��� � . )�H�� : G �, ������ &��!�� ?�! 15(. )1 (–�H�� : G �?2�� 4�� ���� ��� ,��45.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
59
,2����� �� )� ��-��� "�%:��2 , 2���*�� �L�2+ ���� ��# �-��� �0 � D G�=�� >��8�� M�0 �)� "��%)�)� ��:�� ��2+ .� +)(� $-2 � � �� �2!0.
�0 .� ;�����3 �2�0> 8� "%2 �� ����� � � ��:��10% ,����� ����A �,����)� ,������� ���� , ������ , �����2�� &�� � .�� �%�� , 5�2�� ,����� �0� � 9�� �+��%3 >��8�� �� � +���� >�� �. �# �*� 4�2 �:�+� ,82��� �
2 � D � �% K��72 ,8)-��� .���� ���V�*� ,$= �� ���2� ��=� $�%� �� 0$2 �)� ,;�8�� , ������ &��!)� , ���� $ �� , -���� 4 �K5��� $- T��� �*�
"�%$= �� V�*�"� �:�� �0 �+, -K��� ��# �H �� � ��7���� � �� ���� �� , : + �� "#� +:����� �� $�8� $ $� @����� 4�� , : + �� � +:��� �$2.
&��!)� ������ ?�$���� �� G��=)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� .�$0 $8��, ������� M���� �� , +)�� ?� �% � �8� .��� 3�! �)� '��2 �%��0 ,���(��� 6
V�*� ���% ��!� ,����)�*� M���� �� � $-��� ��#��. �0 ��,��� ,!��!���� �!��� �)�*� M���� .��$5 �� V;�:�� '���� " 7� . �� M���� �2�- 3 �
�(�� � D ,82���� .����� 4 �. .����� ��# 9$�A �� , +)�� ?� ��8� �0 � D$;�:� �(���� � D G=��� �� ��� � =*� ��# �0 ��- � V�N� �)-:�� �(���� &
�+��� ,��$�� ��A �8��� ��8-�� , +)�)1( . &� =*� ��%�� .7�� � � �+��� � 2�, +)�� ?� .�-2� ,�����A � , ��*� ������ ��A ?��� ��# M +:�� H:��� 3 �2
� $ :��)� >�:���� ?� �� ������ �� 2 , 5��� ?�2. �� &$��I2 ,��$�� �:�+� "�
)1 (– �=��� $8� ��$ 4:����� ,��$�� � 2 "�2 T��$A $8� ��= � ����� ��# $ ��� "� $5� ��+� G� � M)�2 � 1� $2X >�:��� ?� "$=��)� 1�� , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$���� �� ,)! ,��$�
�%�$� �� ��� ,��$)� M) �# T��� ���:�� ��8-�� ��$ @�����. )�H�� : � $����28 ��A42 "5� �*� �71F73�� ]�X�� � :08/11/1971 &��!�� �K��� �
, ������.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
60
" H��2 �2 �K��*� 4 ��� �%��(��� , : +.
,��=�� , ��:�� .� +)�� " 7� .���2 �� �K 0 , )�+��� .�5�-�� "�$-�� �#.����8�� . 2. )= 9$�A �#�: &$� "K $����� >��8��� �����:�� ��-���� .�
������ ��5��� ���5 ���� ,��$ �� .� ��� �� . >��8�� "��8�� �� $��� � �#�T$ )8� >��5� ���� 3 $� >��5 ��A ���:�� G�=��� �A �-�� � ��*�14%
,)�-�� &�8�� �� � �!� ���!�� �� 2,2�� ,)�-�� $ ��84%. ��- � D 4 ����� ��-��� ��+�)� ���+��� .� >��8�� �� $�:�� , ����A ���� �0 �+ �50 T$ )8��� G�=�
����A ���� �� ������ G�=�� >��8�� ��� , ���� .� ��+A �)� $�- T��� �$-2 ,! $�3 ��A4 .��� >��8�� ��# @���A �! M���30% , 5 >�� �
������ ������� e�����.
�#� 8�� @�����
�# K��� & 6�
$���� .� 2 $8�97 �101 �232 �235 *� � �, ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� � 3 �2 �'����� ��# "%)� � ��� G��=�� M�)� V �-��� ?��� " 7��� .�'���A ,��=�� , ��:�� V�*� � ���2 �K8 T���� �" 7��� ���5 ��$�A �$�� ����)� ?�
,��$�� M�0 ��A . &$��� .�L 2 �+42 % )� ?2� � � ��� G�=�*� �*� <:� � "" 7��� 0$2 .� �, 8��� �K��*� � ���+# ��� � +���� "#�5 �K��N� ���+#
� (��2�� G�=�*� �+� �, 8��� � D60 .������� � D '�$%��� ���0� ,�� � �!+0 ,2��2 � 5�-���60% .
" 7���2 , �-�� �K��*� �0� �%� ���� ,����)� &$-�� , ������ �K��*�+ �%+) �%)(�� � �- 2� G=� �� �� �K��*� �� ���+# �� �%���� �����
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
61
, 8��� � D �K��*�)1( .��(��� 4�$ $%2� <�+ �� ��:�� ��(�� M��� ��2+ 0$2 >����"�%$= �� V�*�" &�� ��� �0 , ����8�� , ����� � M�� �� e��� �
$2 � �2 �, +)�� ?� �)� H�:�)� �:+� � �#$�� .�� �, ��:���� &�� ��� ,��� � �� � (�� �� $%-��� ,��� �� �(���� � D ,:� ?8��� 3 � �, +)�� ?� ��8� ,);��
� ���� � �� ��(���� �� �)=��� �0 ���0 �2�8 V�*� ��(���.
" 7� "� �+�� , ������ .� +)�����,)2( &���2 ,)(���� � D �� �2�- ����� �+� �%� ,-2���� , ������ �K��*� "� �+ �G�=�� ����8)� 4K�= T��- G=� �+ ")��� $�8:��� � 2 (��� .� +) " 7��� �)3(.
,�� " 7��� "%� � ��� � 2 (��� $$� g)2 $5�1978 �����20 �M�� �0
)1 (–� �A &$��� G�2 M��� �" 7�)� 4K= � , +)�� � ��$*� $��32 "5� �*� �71F73 '��� ��%� �(�� � D �0 � +)� �(�� M���� ��+ . "%+�* � )(��)� ,2����2 �8� 2 1� � ��5*� $��� �0
M)�)� ��5*� $���� ��$*� $��� � 2 ������ ��$���� �����8�� ?��: � �#<��L�% *��%� ��� *�=%� ���
'�$�� �K��0: F, 8�. F, 8� � D
0,5R#
5R#
5R#
110R#. ,���( �K��0:
F, 8� F, 8� � D
F1,5 ��A R#10,5R# F4 ��A R#11,5R#
F3,5 ��A R#35R# F45 R#
� =��� ����0 20 ,)=� 250 ,)=� )F�H�� : ?�$�)��(G �?2�� 4�� �34(. )2 (– G�� &$���39 "5� �*� �71F73 �)� :» ,����)� &$-�� �0 , ������ ,��=�� , +)�� .��+ ��A
G��)� � �=�� &���2 �� )(�� � +��+ �%��)(�� � � ��� '�+���� �#�+�� �2�- � �>� � ,��� ����� ?�$���� &$;�:� �%��2 G���� M)� "X�� ��*� ��# "�%: 6�� �%��+) ���� &��!)� ���
, ������. � �2�-�� '�+���� � +���� � 2 ���� �+) �82� ,;2-���� � ������ @����� �;��� �0 $ 2� )(��+«.
)3 (–�H�� : $����28 �29 �30 ��*� <:�.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
62
R2 ,X�� ,����� .�$5�660 �0���+#. ,�� ���1982 �! � $$-�� 4:���1,5 , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$���� .�+)� >�� � ,)=� �� )� ����+# �� ))1(.
� ���� �,X�� V�N� , 8 8��� , 8�� �� � ��:�� , �:� " 7��� .�'���A >��� ")� � $8�� �� -+ .$��� ���� , ���� , ��8-�� ,2 �K�� , 5 4 �#��$2 6�����
V �-���. ���A 9$0 >���� � ����� T��� �*� �#� �" 7��� .�'���A � 6�%��� �" 7��� .�'���A � 6�%��� $%��� ���� , ��8-�� .��-�� 4� K�� ��= �
����8�� ��%� �;�%��� �:8�� � ��� ���)2( . $��� �� &$;���� .������ " 7� "� �+ R2 �$8�� �)�*�5� , 8��� �K��N� R#110R# , 8��� � D �K��N� )3(.
�� 8�� /����:
�� ��� �#���� �#-� �� �#A6�
��+� �,��=�� , ��:�� , +))� �#$ $��2� 6 (��� �%����+2 , ������ &��!�� �A, ������ ,��$-)� ,82���� V�*� ,$= ���� .�0 $5. , ������ ,��$-�� �0 � D
)1 (–�H�� : ?�$�)�� :(G �?2�� 4��30. )2 (– &$��� G��168 "5� �*� �71F73 :» �8� �+ 5� ,)=�$ , $)2 , 0 �K '� �*� � 2 , +))�
, ���� &$ ���� �� �*� ��# ��� � ��� � 2 � ,-5���� &$�� ,) � , ������ &��!�� �% � ?2�� ,8�� �� ��+ '���� �, ������ &��!�� .� )-� ����� �:8�� � ���� �, 2-��� , ���8 $�� , �;����� , ��%�)�
����2 �0 V�-2 �8���� . ,���� �0 ,�5 �+� �&�� ��� �#� )� 6��� , � � ?�8�� �8� �+ M��+�,����)� &$- �0 , ���� ,��= V�72 ?)-�� ,���� �0 &���A �0«.
)3 (F >���� �-���,!�! &$��� 6��� , ������ M�*� ,��� $ $��� � �-2 "5� �*� �71 F73 -�� �)� &�$8�� �� - �-����. �=7 "� �� - �#� ���;��� M���� �� ,5�� ������ � �0 T0
�-�� , ��� ��2���� � -2) ��C �T�$.( � � ��+ �=$ V�*� e��� �0 T0 �=$�� �� - �-��� �+� ,�����0� M���� .�=$�� �� &�!X�� ���-�� ��2���� � -2 �=7 "� �� - �#�. �*� ,- 2� �� - �� =0� V
$ $��)� ��� 8 � ��� � ��� >��8�� �� �=$�� , 5 �2��� 3 � >���� )� �+� T��� �� -�� �#�) &$���65 �*� � "5�71F73.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
63
6 (��� 3�$� .�2!A �K�8� �%�:� &$;���� .������� ��(���� "$�� . T��� �*�" 7��� .�'���A ���� G��=�� � +���� .�)H� �#�� �+� .
� %�� �*�2 < � 9�2+�� , +)�� �0 6� (�� ,��� .�2!A �0 ,�)��� .+�$0 3 � �� >��$�� �)� G��=�� ����A $-2 ,��= �, ������ &��!�� ��� ) =� �+
�� �� "%5�8� .�5 ���� �K��*� '���A .� )� '��!0 ,�+�� �;����� ,��+2 , +), ������ &��!�� .� K�8� �� :�� , )��� .������ �%2)1(. .$��� $5 , )-�� �*�
� +���� � � ���2 � +���� �# .�$��2� ��� >���� �$�0 $8� �.�$�� ��$ � +�� "5� "�����73F32 �� ]�X��05 :��� �1973 "� , ������ &��!�� �0 .2! �
� ,��=�� , +)�� � %�� $%��� 3 �6��� ������ =* ������ ��(���� �2�%��2!A .�$�� 6� D ,)+� � %�� �K 0 .�$%��� . � , )-�� ��# $�� �5��� �25�
,��=�� , ��:�� , +))� ,�2!�� .�$���� ,- 2� ��A ?���� �0 <72)�� @���%�*��(I $���� 6� D ,��� �� >���� �#�+�2� ���� .� �B��)�� @������#� 8( ��A ?���� "! �
,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� � %�� �� , ��-�� $�8-�� , ��-� 9$ ,�7�)�8� 8�� @�����.(
)1 (F��B� ����� �)� .��+ ��8���� , �� , ��8-�� , :���� �0 .� ;����� � ��: F4969.102 �: �K��0��.�$�� �%� ,. F4.406,356 ��0 R#.�$�� ��$ M) �K. F2017.582.�$�� ��$ f�� V��0 R#. F46954.214,��$�� M�0 R#. F4179050, $)2 M�0 R#
� ���� �K��*� �8� G=� �+ �, ������� �K��*� ��(� � .� ;���A �#��: � 2�$��� �% )� ., ���:�� &��$�� � &$����.
)�H�� : G �?2�� 4�� �T�)� ���60.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
64
*��%� @�����
����� ���� �� � �� ��� �#���� �#-� �� B "8+
,)5���� $�8-�� .��+ � �A ���� , ��-���� &��:�� ��= , ��8-�� , +))� ��)1( $�8-�� �8)� $��� �0 ?!� �%� �+ �)� �� ���� ? !���� 6��+
, ���:�� ,()��2 �#� ��� "� � �%����0 )�=2� ��� ��#��� 6�+2 �%��� ������ (�� �)� ,�� ��+� . �� � �0, ����� "+���� �� ��% )� � �K�8��
f�2�� �0 ������ �$�� � ����$ �� , ���:�� ,()��2 $�8-�� �8)� $ 8�$�8-�� �+ �% �� "!7�)� 42����� � ����� 1��� ��A "L$8��� ����� ?�8� V25 $�5 �% )� � )2(.
,�� �25 � &��:�� ��� �%��8��� �;����� � � $-2�1970 .��-�� .���2����2 ��� , ��8-�� $ $� "� T��� ����:�� ��$�� ����8�� .� K�8� �82� ���-�� 4
�� �$���� ����8�� 6��2 2 �-��31F12F1962� , ��-�� $�8-�� .�2��� M��2�� ,� �� .���8-�� �)� &$�����0 '���� ��� �A �#� ��� �+� �� �%D���A �
�� ]�X�� "����� 2 '�� �� �82� �%���04 �:���1955 )3(.
)1 (–�H�� : ���2 T$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �T�;����� 4 ����� �� , ��8-�� , +)�� �8� �67. )2 (F $�8-�� $�8-�� ��+� ���� , ���� 42�� <:� ���+� ������ �K�8�� �25 � &����� $�8-�� �A
��-�� �2�K�� �0 "�-�� H��� � &�����–��8���� $-2F+��� ���+ � ��#� � �� � )-�� , "5� �#���540097 �� ]�X��03F06F1998 � '�� T���� : » �0 �'�K5� �%8� )� �8���� �
�25 � &����� $�8-�� ��+� ���� , ���� 42�� <:� ���+� �� ����� &�K8�� �#��� ���� $�8-��� .�5�:�� � �% � h�: � ,�� �)� ������ L$-�� �� �-�� ����*� � 3 �2 � ���� � )� G�� �
�#���:� <+�-� � �( �#� .�2!A �+ «) ,�� ? "1992� >1 G �119(. ��� "5� �=C ���54528 26 �� ]�X��25F02F2004 � '�� :» &�K5 �� � &����� $�8-��
, �� �$�8� $-� ��8���� >������ �25 , ����� "+���� « ) ,��� ? "2001� >1 G �241.( )3 (F ��+� �9�2+�� 4 ������ ���*�� '��2�� � ,+�� ����� �� .$�� , ��!�� , ��-�� 6���� 68�
,)���� ��# ��� �'��2)� ,%���� V��8�� �2�8 M��2�� 2)�� ��K �K�0 �2�- T��8-�� V�8������� �� T��8-�� �%��� "�H� ,-��� ��A ,����� .�%H� �� "����� �$�� �� ]�X4 �:���.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
65
<� ���� � ���8�� "#0 �� �� ,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� M)�&��:��� � "5� "����64F15 �� ]�X��20 �:���1964 .��-�� , ��2 ?)-��� . L$� 4K�� '�� $5�
M���C , ��8-�� ?���� $��� .��+ ���� ,2��K)�� �� , ��$�� ,�=��� V�:����� .��-��2K��*� �)� , , ��:�� �)1( ., ������ &��!�� ?�! �$� �! �.
��$�2��*� "5�70F91)2( �� ]�X��15F12F1970 ,�% �K��� � '�$�2� �� �� 0$2 T���� ? !����01F01F1971 ��0 $8�6 4 � �� , ����
�� ���2�� ,);�� .�� , ��8-�� .��-���)? &$��� G�212 � �% � '�� ���� » ���� $�8-�� �I� ��� �+� ��A �%��K=I2 ����8�� �7 ���� $�8-�� �)� &$� �
, ���� �0 , ���� .�� �0 , ��8� ?�8� �0 ��8� �8� �K��.... ��� A $�8� �0, ����.... �!�� 4�$ 4 ��� �+� �� ��A?!���«. >���0 4 � �� G��� ��%�
� �, �2�� � D� , �2�� .���8-�� ��A � ��� G��� ��# �8� $5� �, ��:��� , ���-�
.../...1955 T��8-�� �%��� U��I2 ?)-���� �K� T���55 $�& )� G�� � � 2 �� : $ $��, ���� "$� '��� ��A ,��KA �%��� )=� �)� ,2����� .�'����� . .� ��� � "����� 4�� �+
,25��2 ��0� T��8-�� H�����.� ,$8�� .�$����� $�8-�� ,�� ,� �� � 8!��� �� ��K� �+ ��%�)�%�)� ,$8�� $�8-�� �� , ���� ������.
)�H�� : < �)����( �,�# ��$ ��;����� �,���8�� � ���8��� T�;����� ����8�� �� T��8-�� �%��� �2014 G �81F82(.
)1 (F "5� ���8�� ��+ � ��#04931 �� ]�X��06F05F1987 :»����5 ��8�� � .��-�� �0 � �7� "! �� , ���� � G =�� �%� �$� "� ��A ��2� ��%� 5 �+� �% , ������ �K��*�2 ,8)-���
����8)� �:��= L$- 0$2�� ��# ��= �2 '�K8�� )�H�� : �8�)� 2�( �9$%�� ��$ ,) ) � � ��8 2��� ��� ����:�� ��8-�� �2008 G �211.( )2 (F*� ��$�2 "5� �70F91 ) ,��� � @1970> �10( 6��+ � 2 ? !���� , ���$�� �)� '�K8�� "�
9�=0 ,%� � , ����� "+����� ,%� � ? !���� . � >���� �-� $8� , �� ,: H� ? !���� 12�7�, ��8-�� .��-�� ,��+ ,25�� �)� &�#���� , �-�� .��)��� � � ?!���� �� �-2�� �:H� )-�� M)
, ��%��� � +� ,��;� .�� ,��$-��� "+���� �� ��8!A �� "#�� T��� �*�� , ���5�� 2�� � $�������� �+��� �� , ��8-�� .��-�� "��2A � L�: ������ �-��.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
66
&$���324 ��+1 8�� � "5� ����88F14 �� ]�X��03 T�1988 �$-�� "5� �N� "����75F58 �� ]�X��26 �2�2�1975 ��$�� ����8�� �K���
T�;�����)1( .
�#� 8�� @�����
��� �#-� �� B "8+ �� � �� ��� �#������ 2 #M
, +)�� &$�%� 3�$����2 �*� ?)-� � ��# ��-��� ?2� $5� $���� �� �, ���:�� , ��-���� &��$�� ,���:� ���#*� �K��0� �� ]�X�� ����8�� 6��226F
07F1873 � � , ��$ ? 8�� ���� 3$���� T���0 T��� M��� , �# � .2!��� ���� , -2��� , � -�� ?�8���M��2 .�$�%� "%� ")�� � �.
, +)�� ?� .�2!A , )� ,2���2 .�'����� <:� T�;����� >���� ?2� $5�$���� 6� D ,��� �� ,��=�� , ��:�� , ��8-��� 6��2"����� "5�73F32 ]�X��
��05F01F1973)2(� <)� �+ 9��� �)� , �8� ���� V�(�� ��%� 7��0 T����4�� T$)2 �2-� . ���B� ��= ,K��-�� "�$-��� ? 8���� .� )� � '�%���� $-2�&��8�� , ����8��� M��� ��A "d)�� , +)�� .�$�%� � ���2 ,��$�� M�0 &��$A "�8�
, +)��2 "%� ��-��.
)1 (F ,�� $-2 H���1970 "��2A�$$ �%2���0 $+7� �0 $-2 �, ��:�� �K��*�2 ?)-� .��-�� � � 2+ ��# 4 2 �� ,����� ���*� ��!��� "�� ��+ �� ��0 ��� , ������ &��!�� ����5 ��$� �0 �
, ��� $�8-2 .� '��� .��-�� ��# �*� �$��2 , ���� .�� '��� �� �K��*�Acte sous
seing privé ?!��� 9$� �0) � ����� " $8� ,8 ��2(Antidatés) �%H , �$2 ��A .$0 $8� ?���� �, $8��� ?���*� �)� 6)��� >�:��� � �$2 , ����� , ��8-��.
)�H�� : $�2�)����( ������+$�� &$�%� � �� ,$8 ,���� ��;����� �� T��8-�� ?��)� ����8�� "�H��� � �,2��� ����= ���2 ,-��2004F2005G �128( .
)2 (– ,��� � @1973> �15.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
67
&$�)� �8 2���12 �% ) �� "5� "����� �73F32 ����0 �+ �)� 6� 0 , ���� ,��= V�* �(�� $�8-��� ?;�!��� 9$�I2 ,�2! � D ,����)� &$- �
$���� �� ,� 2��3 �4 �5 "����� ��# �)1( '����� .� )� ��= "$8 �0�K��N� �� ���� ��(���2 "�8 ,:� , 72 � 1K� 4���� T$)2�� <)��� ��AV�*�. 6� �)-��� .��)-�� ,��+ �)� ��� 1 ����� ��# ��+ �0 45�2 ,8
<��D0 �0 ��2C �0 .��� � )� ��� �� ����� ���� ��8-��. 6� �+ � �04K�� .�� ��� �� , ���K�� .�8 8���� .�'���A V�(� "$8 �$ �� , �2�� ?���*�
$� �� &$�%� � �-��� ,5��2 U��)� , �$�� ,���)�...��� �+ ��A ,��KA � .�$�%���$�%���� ,2��+��, ;�2��� .�� �%2 @������ U���� T�� ���� .�$����� 4 ��
�%)(�� ���� �K��*� �� 8� .�2!�.
,��)�� 4���� T$)2�� �2-��� <)��� )+ ���0 ?;�!���2 )�� � �+� $-2� &$��� �� )� G����� ? 8���� '���I2 , $)2�� , �8���77 "5� �*� �71F
73)2(. �%��� $-2 ��5X ��K� ���� ? 8���� � ,��)�� '� �� 2 .�5 � �K�
)1 (F��+ G����� ��# 6�� <��0 �)� , +)�� .�2!A: FT��8-�� 4 �����2 ,��=�� � ���8�� � :��� ,�-�� M�*� &��$A �� � ,)��� , +)�� .�$�� . F, ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8���� , ��8-�� , +))� ,�$-��� ,)5���� , � �7��� , ��$�� $�8-��. F , ;�K8�� .����8��)� ,�$-�� �0 ,����� �0 ,)5����, ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8��� �0 , ��8-�� , +))( � ����
� �K8�� '���� , ��2 4��� ����� , ;�K5 ���0 �+� �� &�K8�� �#�$� . )2 (F �+ �� 1 ����� �� �K��N� � ������ � +��� � .��)-�� �+ 4� ��A ? 8���� ��# $%
$�� ��A ��� .��)- �$�� ��+ �0 �+ G=��8 8��� V�*� 6��� $ . �0 ? 8���� � e�� ��I� $���� �� ,� 2�� .�$���� $�72 ��2! �%� +) ?� ��+ �0 ��$ �+�� M) V�0 �# �%2 U���� V�*�
3 �4 �5 "5� "����� �73F32 ,) � �%2 4:���� �%� +) ��� T��� G=��� ��A ?��� ��%2 ��- �17 , �D ��A �5*� �)� ,��1 �2���1971F "5� �*� ��=$ � ���71F73 � :���� � �F �+���2 � $����
,�-�� $���8�� 4 ?2���� � "����� ��# �� �% )� G����� "$�8��� &$ �0) &$���827 ����8�� �"����� ��# $-2 �$� T��� T�;����� ��$�� .( �%2 �-�� 6����� "$�8��� &$ ��� ��+�A U�� �
�=��$�� ����8�� ��$� $-2 "����� ��# �L$- "� >���� �0 ,�. &$��82 �=*� "� � -5�� �+�.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
68
�A .)���� <)��� �� >$� � &$� T$)2�� �2-���15 �� � �+� �%��= ��� �)� 4)� �0 G=� M�� ���K�� 6������ ���5*� 4 � ) � �� ��� �0�
�*� �)� �%��� �0 � �+ ���� , ��8-�� ?�8���2 ,8)-���? 8����2 , �-�� V.
&$ '�K8�� $-2�15 ,)% ��� ��K��� ? )-� � �� 8 "� 0� ,��)�� ����� 6����� .5��� �� ,$8�� .�2)��� �7�2 �% 0� � T$2� ��;�%� $ $� �K� � ��� V�*� �)� , �-�� .����)� .2!� �0 �+ ���� ?�8��� �%�:� '�8)� � � !� �+
? 8���� ��)1(.� ������ ��A T$)2�� �2-��� <)��� , -2 �K��� �� "!) ? $�� ��0 �� � �-��� ,�)� T� �+� ��� ���82 )�30 �� � ���8�� ��� � ��� �
�-�)� , ;���� ,��)�� "�0 �-��� <�� �.
<)��� &�K5 � 2 � ���= �K�5 �%�0� �-�)� , ;�� ���� ,! $��� 3 � ,����M���C �)�*� �;�K8�� <)��� &�K5 � V�5 9�=*� �# �%�0�2 , ����
, ;���� ���)�� .����8� ��;��� ,; # ,2�!2 �#�� �;�%� �+�2 �%�����5 �$���� , ;�K8�� .�%��� "�0 �% � �-��� ��� � 3 �2)2( . "�0 �-��� 6��20 U��:�� 4�
2 '�%���� �� ,�)��� H�H� .�'�K� M��� , ������ &��!�� � :�� � ,����%��=$2 $�� >��� ��"%- )3(.
.../... &$ .82�� "�-�� $ 82 G�=��17 "5� "����� �� �% )� G����� ,��73F32 4 ��� ��+���� G�=� "�� 4 ��� �%� ��$�� ����8�� �0.
)1 (–�H�� : &$ 2� �2) :��� $2�H( �T�;����� 4 ����� �� , ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8���� , ��8-�� , +)�� .�2!A ��;������ �,�# ��$2003 G �128.
)2 (–�H�� : ,��)��� ���( G �?2�� 4�� �128 )3 (F �+�2 ���:�� G�=�� >��8�� �8258,5 % ,����)� , )+�� ,����� �� �)� � ��� "� �� ���=
� >��8�� �0 ���:�� G�=�� >��8�� >����� $8� �, �;����� ,��:)� $ ���� �!�� �# ,��$)� 42���� ���:���8���� $-2 " 7��� ,�� �� , ��-���� &�$���� ,�� � ,%2��.
)�H�� : G ��:� 4����84.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
69
���� � ;�%� ������ ���5 12� �0 $-2� �82� , +)�� &$�%� ,��$�� M�0 ,�)� "5� "�����2 ?�)�� @���)�73F32. &$�)� �82��32 ��� =*� ��# &$�%� �I�
.�2!A $�� �# , +)��5X3 �2 �. �$2��� � -� , )� "��A ��� T��8-�� ���$��2 �%�T��8-�� ����� < �7�� �K��N� "�-�� �K��*� 1�. �82� � ��� M�� , �D ��A�
��� .�2!A $�� , +)�� &$�%�.
�8� 8�� @�����
�#���� ������ �#� � '� �� ��� �#� ���� �#-� �� �#A6� �
,�� ? !���� ����5 ��$�21970 >���� �8�����=��� �%��� "�H� �)1( � -�� �%��� "�H� ��A , ��-���� ,28��� �� 3������ "5� �*�2 3$�����75F
74 �� ]�X��12F11F1975)2( < �7�� "�-�� �K��*� 1� $�$�A �K���T��8-�� �����. &$��� .���61 �)� � :» �+ �� ��%�A >�K� ��+ $8�
8 �0 6� , ��8� ,H�������� �+��� �� "L$«.
)1 (F���8-�� �)� $�� ���� .������� ���� , ����8�� ,) ���� �# T��8-�� �%��� >���� 2��0 $5� �.T��8-�� ���;�� " �$� � 88�� �� ��H� �, ��8-�� .������� 4 � ��:��. T��8-�� �%��� "�H� "�8� �
� � ;� � �H� ��A "��-�� �� �# .������� � �%��� ����� �� �%H T��� ��=��� �%��� "�H��%2 $ 8�� "� � )�� <��0 �)� .���8-�� �)� ,2���� T$�2*� 6 ����� 6�� 6�� ��*� ��-
'��N�� .�$���� " $8�� ����� 6 ����� 6�� ���!���. T��� ��� -�� �%��� "�H� �%� ���!�� "�H��� �0 ��� �K 2 ,��= ,5��2 ��8� �+� ��+ 3 �2 .���8-�� <��0 �)� �%��� � "� � � ��2�� �� �%H
� &$����� .������� 4 � � �� � 6����� �K��0 �+ 1� $-2 �A "�H��� ��# ? 2�� �+ �� )������.
)H��� : ,2)�)�) �( � �,�# ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� 4 ����� "�+�* �8�� ,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)��2010 � G83(.
)2 (– ,��� � @1975> �19.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV..... Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<VêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<ؾ<»<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i
70
>�� '�:KA ��0 �� � �)� ,����� �H, ��-�� $�8-��2 ��-��� �� �=$�"����� ��= � >���� "5� 80F210 �� ]�X��13F09F1980 ���� T���
� ����� ,�2�!�� , ��-�� $�8-�� , ��2)1( �2501F03F1961)2(� ��# . :�0 ������2�2��� ��%��� � $�8-�� &$���2 V��:�� ?88 "����� � "5� 76F63 ]�X�� �
��25/03/1976)3(� T��8-�� ����� < �7�2 ?)-���.
"5� "����� �$� "!93F123 �� ]�X��19 T�1993 "���� �$-�� "5� "���)�76F63 ���0 ��+���� &��� $ $� "� ��K�82�1 <��1961 ��A
� �� �%� � ��*�1971 F � :���� � � ? !���� ����5 ��=$ � ���F � ��+ ��A, ��-�� "#$�8� ,�� . 2!�� "+��)� ���*� '��� �K�8 ��*� "������ �I�
M�� � "% :- � =*� "�����. �%�7�2 >�$ A $8� � ���� ?!��� ��A '��)�� �:+ �A� ,��=�� , ��8-�� ,H�����2 ��%� "� )4(.
)1 (F &$��� ���328 .��� �)� T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �$8-�� � ��� .�2!: 1F) ��� "� �. 2F"�� H� ��L�� �=C $8� �� ��K .�2! "� �. 3F "�� �2�K $ �)� )� � �7��� "� �
G�=. 4F'�KA �0 �= $8-�� �)� "%� � ��� $�0 &��� "� �. )2 (F1 <��1961 "5� "����� ��=$ � ��� �#59F1190 �� ]�X��21F10F1959 � � :���� �
, ��-���� .��)��� 2 .�$�2 T��� $ $��� T��8-�� �%��� "�H�2 ?)-����� $-2 �;����� �� ?2� T���� "5� �*� �K�82 ��8����62F157 �� ]�X��31F12F1962.
)3 (– �� ,=�X � @13/04/1976> �30. )4 (F� $8-�� < � ��# , ��8-�� ,H����� 9$� >�$ �� �� �A ,)�-)� � �-�� �� ����� .2�!�� ���-�
&$��� �� )� G����� �H��� .:��= ���� , ��8-��12 "5� �*� �70F91 . $8-�� �# ��A�8 2�� ���-�� $8-�� 9��� h���A .2! T��� ������ �%�)� ,%���� $�8-�� , �� 0$2�. �%��� 4�� �A
��# � < �� �8� , ��A ,: H�2�� -�� ?�)� ��$. � ��� �25 $���� ";�5 � =*� ��# �*1 �:���1971 "�2�� ����� �K�82.
)�H�� : T$��)� �-�� $2�( 4 ����� �� ,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� .�$�� , ���� � %�� .� �C �� �T$�$(2 .����� ��;����� �T�;�����2 �2010 G �137(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
71
êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]VVVV
Ìéß’iÌéß’iÌéß’iÌéß’i<<<<<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<êuøËÖ]<…^ÏÃÖ]<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚ÃeêÖ]u×Ö]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<�fiæ<êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]êÖ]u×Ö]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<�fiæ<êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]êÖ]u×Ö]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<�fiæ<êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]êÖ]u×Ö]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<�fiæ<êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]< << << << <
����$ ��$� $-21989 e%��� ��2�� �+������ �� =�� �� 4������ "�, �-�� M�*� " H��� ����2 )��. M�0 1)�� ��� � =*� 1)���� ��� 3 �
$ �� 1)�� �#� ,��$��� � - ����� $ A �� � ��A ���� . ����$�� <L�+ $5� "�-�� ��)� T$ )8��� " �8��� $ $���)G�= � �$� "�� � �$ ( ,��+ � 2 "� �+� " �8��� ��# �K , ��:�� �K��*�. "5� , ����� M�*� ����5 �$� �0 ��A90F
30 �� ]�X��1 �2� $1990 F"���� �$-��F� ��$0 T���%�� M�*� �K ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=��)��&$�18 ( "5� " $8�� , ����� M�*� ����5 �=284F16
�� ]�X��30 ����1984 T$���5�� � �$�� � '�� �#�2��� T���.
$ $��� ����$�� ���2� T��� ����0��� "�H��� 6�� �# ,��=�� , +)�� �*�� $8���8-�� ����� ����5 �$� "5� T90F25 �� ]�X��18 �2���1990 �$-��
"���� �(�7� � , ������ &��!�� ����5)�� &$�76 ( �K��*� >���A �)� G��X��� )�*� �%+� ��A ,� � 2 ������ $�� , )� U�K�2 ��2 T��� �*� �+
G��=)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-��� ,��$)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-�� � )��%� :" ��( . T��8-�� ����� ����5 ��= � ���� >���� �*� &� ��*�2 , :5��� M�*
�K��*� ��(��� " H�� $�� �5��� ��A ��$�8�� ������$ �I� ��8�� T��8� ��+ �, :5��� , ��:�� �%2 �=7��� ������ ��# $-2 � � �)�� 8�� :" ��.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
72
��%� :" ��
��� �8) ����� � ���� E �- �#��� *�< �-���0�� NA��� E< ���
������ ��� �� J����� ��� �� ����� � �����
� ��!�� ,)�� �2�-� "�H��� ��A �+������ "�H��� � �� �$��� ������ , �$2 .�����0���. 0 V�:=�� 62�2 , ��-�� , $���5�� ,�*� $-2�����$�� ��-� ����
��� &��! ��A ������ �� , ������ &��!�� ���� �:��� ��-�0 V�:=�� 4 .�'��K=� ���!�� ���=�� ��=�� L�+�)1984F1989 ( ,��:)� , ���*� '���A �)�T����� ����2�� $-2 � ,)��� �$�$-���. "5� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 �$��87F19 �� , ��X� �� ,��$�� ��= � .)=� T��� '�K�0 1���� ���:�� @���
, ��:�� .��!����. �H �� "%� 1�� "� ���� , ��8���� �#� , ������ � ���8��,82����.
����$ ��$�2�1989 ,;��� �+� � , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ���� , ����$��) ����$ �H �� �$� ��+1976 e%��� �+������(. � D ����8�� ��# �0
��� ���:�� >��8��2 V�%��� �� �=B� �#)��%� 2�6 ��(� �$�%� >��)� ��+ �+�� � :+��� � 2� �� G�=�� ���:�� ��8-�� ����� , ������ &��!�� 6���� 3 � 1�
��� �� ? �� �� ��(���2� , ������ &��!�� �H �� ���� �*� ��# ��+ �0 $-2 0$2� �8 2��"�%$= �� V�*�) "�� 8�� 2�6 ��.(
��%� 2�6 ��
#���� �$��%������� �� ��� �� !� ��" ��� �
$-2 ,�%���� , +������ ,�� ��� �0 6�2�� ��# � ��*� ��:�� ��= � �� 0�
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
73
��� ��0 � ��8���� ���:�� ��8-�� ,�0� � ,28��� ��A �#���� $�-� ����, ��-���� � � .��� ��A .$0 $5 ��#� �,��$)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-)� �����8�� "�H��
.� ���-� 6��� ��A ,��:�� �� ������ � ���� "�H� .� ��(��� f �-� �� �d)�� �, ������ &��!��� �,%� � �%� 2 ������� ? 8�� � 2� �� ,��$�� $�%� ���� �%)���
9�=*� ,%� � V�*�� U�:�� � 2 ,)��� ? 8�� ��. � ��A >����2 4�$ T��� �*�K��*� ��# ��(��� �� L$�� $ $� ����5 ��$�A �� � +:���� �� L$��� � �#�
"5� ����8��87F19 �� ]�X��8 �2� $1987. , ��:�� .��!���� M��2 .)�����-��� �� , ��:�� .�)�G�%� /���� ( �� "%� 1�� "� .���K � $ :���� 1� �+
�� ,82���� , ������ � ���8)�� 8�� /����.(
��%� /����
8�� �� �����B ���#���� B #�� ���� O� �#��
"5� ����8�� ��+ ��A87F19 ,��:�� �� ������ � ���� ����5 ,���� �(�0 $5 $�����858 �866 &$��� 6��2 ��$�� ����8�� �49 �� '�(���2 �:�+� �I�K��, ������ &��!�� ����8� ��� ,���� ;�(�� , ��+�� &0���� M) �0 ��$� ���=
"�H��� 6 ���$ �)� M���C ,� %�� , $���5��� , ������ ,82��� �-� $�$� �� , +������ , 2)D*� .�� ������ �2-��� <)��� ,��X ,��=�. &$��� �� '�� $5�
3 "5� ����8�� �87F19 :»�+�� ��# � ���*� &$��� �� �% �A ����� �K��*� � �, ��� , ��� .��!�� �+� �� ��%2 ,8)-��� 9�=*� �;����� ��+� ����8��
,����� "%� �7�� � ��� � ����� $$� 4 �%���� ?2���� �,�����...��� « 3 � &�!���� � 2 ��=�� ��0 ��� �X����� ��A G��� ��# ��$�8 .� ���-���� , ��:��
, $8�� , ��:��)*��%� @����� ( &�!���� ��%� , ����8�� ,- 2����)�#� 8�� @�����(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
74
����5 ? 2��2 �#�!7� 9$� ����$ _$�2� <�+�� T��8-�� �����1989 ) @�����
�8� 8��.
@�����*��%�
E< �#���� @� 8�� �� �## ���#���� �#���� B #�� ���
� ��A ��$� &� 2+ .���� � ��+�� �%�0 ,82���� , ������ ,H�*� _��� � ,����� ���� ��+ $8)� ��%+)� ���� .� ��+��2 .���5 2 �$8R1231 ,���)�
&$������ �%���� ?�:� >��� .$�� �+2000R#)1(� , ������ &��!�� >��5 �� '���, )2��� ?����� �� 45���� ���'�$��� 0 �K��*� $��0 M) T��� ������ � ���� >��5 ���
�%2�=0�)2( . ��+� 4�� ��A ,����)� ,������ ,����� >���� 9$0 � ������ ��)+ �:�@������ ��� �� ,��$�� ������%2 '�� �� ,�*� �H �� � � �, �� �� ,������ �
����2�� ��-�0 V�:=��.
�8� $-2�" �� �K��*� "5� ����8�� ���A87F19 � .��+�29.000 &�!�� ,��� �)� , $��� , ��� , ���2.5 �� ) #�R �!���� ���� 12� �& , ��:��
)1 (– ���2-� �H��) ���A�� (�;�����2 , �-�� , ��:�� �K��*� �� ���:�� ��8-�� , ��+�A L e cahier du cread, Revue publiée par le centre de recherche en économie
appliquée pour le développement, N° 48 2eme
trimestre 1999 p 03. )2 (F� ��8���� $-2 ������ � ���� ��L� ���� $8� �K��*� � ,�+ ,��� �2+0 �)� �������
,����)� ,������� @����� $�� ,����� ,��� .$�� �)+ �0 M��2 � $8�-. �8���� ,2�-�2 ��$� "%�+� ,����� ��+ ��(���2 1�� "� ,����� .� ��+�� �0� �,%� � "%)� ��+ ��A ,����� �8 �
9�=0 ,%� � , ������. A "���%� � 2+ '�� ��#� ��% )� G��=�� V-2 '� ���� 6%� �)� $��� � >�2�A �� , ������ &��!�� .)�� � ��� �>��8�� �� � )�-�� "% � �2 �4 ��� X����� ,2�5��� 6� D ��
,� $�� ��A '��)��2 �=C �� �� ��� 3�2 �� "%�)-�� V�*�2 '�82�� �� "%�2D� . ,�)��� 1��� "��5I2 �+� �� 6��(�� �� �=� ��*� ��# �* �U����� 5� �� ��K�� ���:�� ���� ��$*� $��� �#���
.���� �0 1����� �� � )(���� ��-�� ���0 � ��$0 9��� �� �# ���� � =�$�� �)� .�8 2��, �-�� ��(�*� .
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
75
6��8 61,7� �, ��� .��+ �� R#9,4 , ��:�� &�!��)� ,2����2 R# , $�:��)1(.
>���� 3$���� $5�, ���-��� �$2 &�!���� 1)���%� �� � � ��:� 45�e���� , �=� �)�� &���=�� U�� � >��� �%��+� � .2!�, �#��� , ��!�����
3 �2�����$ @���J� T$ )8��� 6�)�*� � ��8���� �)�� !+�� 6�)�*� ��A3 $����)2(.
�, ���-��� .��+ ��A �������� ����� �� ,��$�� �=$� " H��� &�$0�� $�5 � �� .�5�� '�K�* , ������ &� ��� , 5�� ��A �-�� , +����� .�5�� ��A @������-��� , �� ��� 4���$�� �+ �% � �:�=� T$���5� $-2 .�� , ��:�� &�!���� �I� �, �
, ��������25 � ,���-��. �!���� , �(�& �0 ��$ �+ 12� ��50 ? 8�� �#M�� �� "�� � ��2���� � -2 �=7 , ������ , �� � ��!C �)3(. � �+ , ���-��� 7��
,��:��2 )+�� � ���� � ���2 G =��2� T��$A $8� 6��2 7���� &�!���� �0F�� 2 ��7 � �+F .
��+�0 &$� , ��:�� , ���-�)��T$�:�� ��(����2 �% � ��- �)4(� �0 , ��:�� &�!�����&$��8+ , ��� ��+�)5( �!+7� � �� 3�! � ,��+�� � , $��
���+'��!)6(� ��� ��A , ���-��� 4K=���52, ���� ,� ,����2 , ���� � �� �%2 "�8 ����
)1 (–�H�� : ���2-�)� ���A( G �?2�� 4�� �07. )2 (F ,��)��� ���( G �?2�� 4�� �179. )3 (–�H�� :G ��:� 4����180. )4 (F�! , ����5 ��+�0 &$� , ���-��� �=�� :>� ��� �)� � +��)� , ������ ,�����.
(Le Groupement Agricole D’indivisaire) F ��!���� , � K���� , ���-��� ,�����(Groupement De Mise En Valeur)�� ���� , $)2�� , ������ , ���-�$$- &
.�$=��(Coopérative Agricole Polyvalente Communale Des Services) )5 (– �H�� :�� &$�11 ��� ����887F19 . �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987. )6 (– &$��� �H��9 ����8�� <:� �.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
76
��� � � - 6���)1(� � �� � , ���� �%���0 ���2� , ��:�� &�!���� �0 �+2 , ���%2 ,��=�� �$#N� �82��.
� $5�.��!���� ����5 ��!�� , ��:�� 8 2�� ��� �, ������ >������ �T����� ����� 42�� .�� , �� .���X �#�2���� , ��-�� , �=���2 4���
����� ��8������ ���2� $��� @���A ��A $%�. �� 2 �2����!����& , ��:�� ,+�� ������� '�:�+�� ? 8��� ,%�� , �$ G�=�0 �� ,: H��� ���A �� ,����� , ����
, ��:�� �K��*�2 . �+�, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ��!�� �8 2�� ��� �� &$��� 6��204 �)-�� 3�2��� � �+��� .���X� ,-2���� >����� � �+ �
, ���� $#�-� ,-2���� >������.
�#� 8�� @�����
�#���� @� 8�� �� ���� ��� ������
$��� G�� &33 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �)� :» , ��:�� &�!���� ��+�� &$��� �� )� G����� T��$�� $8-�� ��� � ��� $�� �����5 , �����12 ��# �
)1 (– �0 �)� , ������ &��!�� ?�! G�"�� .� ���-���, ���� "�% � � ��=��� ,:� .��+ �% . ��+��� � �)� ,2����2 "�� ��8��� .��� , �+� � D .�; #� �#� ��2 ,8)-��� .����8�� � �=� � ��+ T0
�8� �%;�K�0 G���=� � �#����� . &���� ,+���)� ���A �%�0 ��2��� �)� , ���-��� �I� )��, ���8 $���� ,�� &�$0 �+�� ,������ �� , +������ &$��5 4 ���� ,��-��. � � � � G����� �0 d�A
, ������ &��!�� .� ���-�2 �%� ,8)-���� 4 � �)� ,�)� , ����� &���� �� � � -�� � $�� .�����*� 6���0 � � $=����� < ;��� 4 M������2 4�$�� ���0� ����� "������ ?;�!� �)� 45� � �0� ���� <)�� �=C �K� T0. , � �� , � :���� �� ��� ? �� �� .�K�� 6�$� 4 ���-��
������� U����� ,��:�� � �� � &$- ,;�5 �K � ,�-�� , -��� ����=� T��� .�2������ , ��+A,�)��� ��� T��� "�-�� ����� �� .�$���� ��# e$� �2K� ,25��.
)�H�� : �+2)-2) $�0( G �?2�� 4�� �253(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
77
T��8-�� H:��� ��� �� ����8��« .G��� &$���3 "5� T� :���� "����� �90F50 �� ]�X��06 T�: �1990)1(�� $�$�A ���� $L$���T��$�� $8-� ?�8��� .2! T���
"5� ����8�� ���A �� � ��:�� � ���)� ,�����87 F19 �)� :» &$��� "�+�* �8��33 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 ,��+ L$-� &�!���� �I�
L$-��� �%�= T��� T��$�� $8-�� ���� T��8-�� H:��� � ��� $�� ����8�� &�82 �8��"����� ��# "�+�*...«.
���0 G��� � "%: �0 � ����� .����� ,��$�� � 2 , ����8�� ,5�-�� �# ,5��, $8�� �%�� ������� M�*� g)2� V�*� ,-�5 $$� T��$A $8� "�2 3 �
��+ � , ���� G��2� >� ��� �)� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �)� G� � 4�$�� .� : +��� ��#�� ��� �� ���� �2��+ $8-H:� T��8-��)2(. �0 �+ �+e����� $8� $���
�� '�K�0 � 2 �����!��&$����� &)3( �� �=�� ? �� �� "%���� ��)+� "%�*"%�$��A V�2� �$�2���� ��+ T��$A $8� ��A ���� ���-�� $8-�� ��# �+�6� �$-2
,��$�� 4 ������ $8-�� ���2 � "%K T��� $8-�� ��# 9��� ��)28 �)4(. ,2����2�
)1 (F ,��� � @1990 �>19. )2 (F �K��*� ���� ,2����2le cadastre � 2 � �0 $��1541 �8� M��# ������ 9����� �)� , $)2
600 ����� ��# M)�� , $)2 . 6-� ��+ T��� �*� - �� �#� �� �, �-�� �K��*� $�$� $ $��� �K��*� ,��=�)M)��($�8-�� " $8� ,2�-� ������2� ,5$2 .��!���� ,��� $ $��2 1� � � � .
&$��A ��A �%;�K�0 � 2 ����� >����� 9$0 $8� �, ��$�� $�8-�� �)� &�;���� .��!��)� ,2����2 ����5���� , ����� � ��- T0 $8-)� �82 ")� �M�� 4� ����8�� �0 "D� ��% �8� " �8� $ �0 �0 $-2 , -
&�!����. )�H�� : ���2-�)� ����(� G �?2�� 4��08.( )3 (– &$��� G��12 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 :» �)� �'��2 � ����� ")�
T��$A $8� �"%� &�$�22 ,��� � �+�2 ����� $8�...« )4 (F� U���� �$�2��� ��2�=�� �A ,��� 1 � �* ��2�� A � H�� '���A $- .������ � �+� �� ��-)
,#�:�� ,����� .���� � �+�. T�;����� U�:�� $�� , $�:�� ,����� >�� "� ����8�� ��# �0 � D������ �-�� K��� T$�� �+��� �� �-�� $2� T��� .��+ ��A $�- 62���� ����8�� ��#.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
78
����� T��$�� $8-�� ���* &�!��)�, ��:��� � � $ �� ,)! ,%� � ,��$�� �%9�=0 ,%� � � ����� ,���� , �-�� , ��)� ,��$�� M�0. 3 � '�X# �)� � -�
,��+� ,����2 $8-�� �� "%� �! � -�)1( .
� �82� &$�)�10 "5� ����8�� �87 F19 �� ]�X��8 �2� $1987� 6� , �;��� , ��� � � - 2� ��=� $ :���� ��+ �0� , $�- 5�� � ��+ � �0�
, ����� � ����� 6���. ?)-�� ������ � ���! �� �)� �%��� &$��� .�� �+$ :��)� , �%�� ,�����2� , ���*� >���� 1� 3 � ��-)� ���:�� ��!���� ��
� ;�$��)2( $=�� "!� �7��� �� ,;�8�� .��!���� �0 >����� 9��� �)� . ,;� �0� �� ���� ,��:�� �� � �8�� � �$�% � , �8��� .������)3( � ��:���
6�2���� �� >L���� "%)-� $8� ;�� �K��0 $��� ,��� �� �+�� �, ��!�� ,��$�� $-2 &$ � +�� � ;�$�� ��-�� � , ��:�� .��!����. >���� ��- .����� 4 � ���
&$��� � &� =*� &�8:�� 2 �K8� � ��#� ?�8��� T��� � $#��)� , ���*�10 ���0.
.../..... ����$ �H �� �$�1976 �+������ ����� ��. )1 (–�H�� : "5� ,+����� , ������ , )-���120 �� ,=�X��24 .�01991 $�8-�� $�$�I2 ,8)-���
�% )� ,�8�� , ��:�� V�*� , +) �� ������ "� ,��$�� �0 M�� �,;��= , �� ��#� �����)� , ��$��, ��:�� &�!����.
)2 (F ������� "���� ��� ,����� �� )� <�� T��� G=��� �# ";�$�� ��-��1986F1987 ��+� �% K�8� 6�2�* 6�$��� , -K� �� �B� �#� , +������ ,����� �� )� <�� �0 � ?2� T��� ��-��
G )8�2 ��- �0 ���:�� >��8)� ,-2�� 9�=0 ,��� �+� # �� ,$=�� ,�)��$$ �� "���� ��= ��- �������1986F1987� "5� , )-��� ? 2�� ���A ��1114 �� ,=�X��09 �2���1986� ,8)-����
, ����� ,$=�� '�$0 ,: H� �� �0 , +������ >����� , $�$�2. )�H�� :� �2 , 5) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �130(. )3 (F ,����� �� �- T��� �# ����� ��-�� �2�� ��A� ,� $��2 "�� � )-� �� ���� ���
��!�� ���� >�� .�5�0 �2��D �# ,� - &��:2.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
79
&��+��� ������ ����� $-2� $8-�� $�$�� ,82�� .�'���A ,! T��$��� �!�� ���� .����5 ��$�&���� � , ;�%��� &$�:��� � <��*� $L$�� ����� "�8� T��� T��8-�
&�!���� )�. A ��+� �%�� .����� ���� .�+)��� g)2 $ $��2 ,8)-� , 5�:�� "��2M )��� � 2� �)� � $ :��)� ,��$��3 � � "�2� � ����� ,��� � 2 , 5�:��� ��#
,%� �)1( ����� ,��:�� M�2�9�=0 ,%� � , : ��� ,. ,��� �)� � -� �� ����� F, ����� &�!���� ,���F ,��+� ,����2 $8-�� �� "%� �! � -�)2(.
,2+��� $�8-�� � , ��:�� &�!��)� ����� T��$�� $8-�� �2�- �)3( 3 � �� $8� � ��+� � , ��:�� &�!���� ,�� ,��+�� M�*� )� ��*� � �������� �%
M )��� � 2� �)� ,��$�� �� �� 4 2 $8� �#� .�0 ���!�� $8-��� >�:���� ?� )�";�$��. �#� 4 2 $8-2 < �*�!�� �)� G� "� >���� �� 9���*� �)� �8� G� �2)Redevance()4(� >�:���� ?� , 5 4 6����� � &$ #� g��2 �#� . $8-2 < � �0 �+
��� A� � �� 6��� � =*� ��# ��+? ��=�� � � �� �0";�$�� >�:���� ?� �# � �2�5 T��8� �� � ?�) )� ������ � ���)5(.
(1)F�H��:
Circulaire ministérielle n°: 476/511du 13 octobre 1992 relative a la relance de l’opération
d’établissement des actes administratifs. (2)F�H��:
FInstruction interministérielle n: 787/ sm du 31-08-1989 relative a la réorganisation des
terres du domaines nationals, établissement des actes administratifs. )3 ( F &$��� G��2/2 "5� "����� �90F50 �� ]�X��06 T�: �1990 �)� :»... $8-�� ��#�
��$�� �$-� T��� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� )� <�� T��� T��8-�� <��*� $L$� ,��$�� M�72 ,:)+�� & "5� ����8�� ���A �� � �-�� � ���)� U����87F19.... �)� "%� �%�� ������� M�*� "��5 ��+�
'�K�5�� $�� g)2�� ��# 1� .� : +� �%()2� ��+�� M )��� � 2�«. )4 (– �H�� :�� &$�6 "5� ����8�� �87F09 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987. )5 (–�H��: &$���08 ����8�� <:� �.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
80
���$� $� $8-�� ��# �0 ,8 8��� :�*� $8� ��� .���� �� � >�� �#� �� , ���:�� .�- ����� �� ,���-�� ,) ����)1(. T��8� �� � ?� �� 6��� . A� ��+ �
�� )�= &L$�� 3 � �. �:�*� $8-�� �� �8� � &$� .5X �� 18 $ �� �� ,�� ��99 ,�� .";�$ >�:��� ?� � $ :��)� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 1� �� 2. ��
"5� ����8�� ���A �� 1��� $8� �I�87 19 G�= >�� � ��� A $8� �#.
�!� 1��� $8� �� ��+ ��A� � �%�� ������� M�*�� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� L�I� �,��$�� �� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �� �)�� $8-�� �� 62��� �+�
4�� ��0 � , ��:�� �%�%�� �)� ,H������ �!0 ��(��� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N������� $���5�� .��� ��� , 2)� , ������� @�����.
"��2A � '�%���� $-2 ����� �+��� ��A , ��:�� &�!���� < �7� 4K= �+&�!��)� � ��+�� '�+���� � 2 , $8-�� .�K��:�� "��� T��� ���-�� $8-�� .3 �
,��$�� M�0 ,�)� "�0 )�� U�� � �8-�� <��*� $ $�� ����� ����� T��� T";�$�� >�:���� ?� )� <�� � � g)2�� 4�$ .� : +� .�� %����� .����� " �8� ��+
�%� T����� .� �82� &$�:���� ���5 , �-�� &��$�� �$���) ?�)�� @���2 "5� "�����90F50 �� ]�X��06F02F1990. �#�$�A �� �=�� �� ���8�� �$� 3 �
,%��, ��8-�� ,H����� 9$� ��%��� ��A� g)2� 9�=0� ��A '�K�0 &�!����, ��:��� &�%� ��+�� �K 0.
���)�� �$�� $8-�� �� , )+��� , #0 �� , ��:�� &�!��)� ����� T� , ��� ��:�� � ����� 1���� �.������� ,25�� � ,��$�� � +� ,8)-��� >�:���� ?�2
";�$��. ��8 2� � �$�)� �5 �6 ,��� , ���� ����5 �1989 ��# �:- T��$�� $8-�� ���%�J�� � ����� "��� �. T��$�� $8-��2 ?)-�� , �� ���� ,!�� ?� 1� 3 �
(1)FArt N°451 du code rural français
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
81
�+ 9���0 4�$ �2�8 ";�$�� >�:���� ,��� 2�= .��+ ���� ,82���� , ������ � ���8��1�� ?� ���� &$�� $$� � D >�:���. &$ #� ,K��:�� 9���*� �0 �+���2 � $����, (2 V�N� ,$= �)� � ����� � :��.
�8� 8�� @�����
(� ���� 4#����� E�� = &#"6�" �#���� B�� 8�� �� �8K�
�2��+0 3�$�* 6����� ��� ��� ����� �� � (�)� �-2�1988� $���� "�0��K��*� >���A ��� � 6������ .�������� ��A ,X�� � )�*� �%+�� �$�
��� ����5 "5� T��8-�� ��90F25 &$��� �K�82 , ������ &��!�� ����5 �(�0 T���76 �. � )�*� �%+� ��A ,X�� �K��*� >���A �)� G� ������2�. � $-�2�
"5� �*� 6��2 ����8�� ��#95F26 �� ]�X��25 F09F1995 >������� $��2��� �K��*� ��A>� ���� ?�$���� &$;�:� �%2, ������ &��!)� ��� �K��*� ��A�
"5� "���)� �8 2�� ,��$�� , �� .�� .-K� ���� , ��:��63 F163 �� ]�X��09F05F1963. ���!�� 3�2�� �� �%������� ���� , :5��� �K��*� >���A ��5 �+
��:�� ��# �.
� �$���$ � �K��*� >������2 �A 1� "� T��8-�� ����� ����5 ,X� &$��� �� &$$��� ������2� , ������ &��!�� ����8� �8 2��76 �)1(. ����5 � $-�2�
)1 (– ������ ��# �!���� , ��:�� �%�%�� �)� .H��� $5 V�*� ��+� �0� � ��=� M���� ��+ �0
, �;����� , �����2 4�� � - 2�� � 6�� '��!0 &��!)� � $�- �+�)� M)� $5 �)�*� M���� ��+ � �0�-�� 4 ,)�- ? �� �� V�*� M) $5 ��+ � �0� � �����. � �)� ���� $5 M���� ��+ � �0
9�=0 .����� ��(��� ��0 � , �� , �� .�$��� �)� �0 �%K�-� �K��0. M��� ��+ � �0�:��� $5 �� )�*� "5� ����8�� ���A �� ��$87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 ��)=� ��A �A ��# ��
&$�:����. �0 �)����*� ,��$�� � �!��� �)�*� M���� �A ��- � >������� ���2 �0 .../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
82
�K�82 T��8-�� ����� "5� �*�95F26 �� ]�X��25 �2�2�1995 .)=$0 &$��� �)� .� $-�76 ���0� , ���� $ A � &$���� $� 8�� >���� �%��= � �(�0, ������ &��!��� ��(���� �0 3����� ,��$2 ,8)-��� ������ � � �� ���2��
,��$�� � 9�=0 , �� .�$��� �0 V�0 �)� �)�*� M���� ���� �0 V�N� ���� �(�0 �+ ���� � �#�$� �2 H:���� &�!���� , ��-:2 <����.
&$�)� �82��78 "5� �*� �95F26 � � $ :���� V �-� "� �I� ���A � ����� ����8� �8 2�� �>���A �� "% K��0 .��+ � ��� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 �,��=�� , ����� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� � &$ $� �K��0 4�5 "%� 1��� �T��8-��
$-2 �%- ��� "� "� �����)1( �$ $��� ,-�8�� ��+� �0 6� �+��& $�-,� ���� ,-�8)����A �� .��+,2��=�� 3 � � >. � �0:� V�0 ,-�5 � &$�:���� ,��� � �
T��$�� $8-�� �� � 2�� $$-�� �� �%;�+�� $$� �8 ���� , ����� , ��:�� &�!�����)�*�� �8� ,��=�� , ;�K8�� ,%��� ��8�A $-2 ��#�? ,����2 �0 � $ :���� >�:��� ���5��;�� � ���� &�!���� ,��� ��T��$�� $8-�� �)� ���� . ,������ ,��� ���
� $ :���� L�I� ��� -�� V �-���2 ��-�� 4 ���)� �8�� � $8� ��K�- )2(.
.../... � �)� T$�-�� G=��� &�$8� &$$��� .������ $�$� ��� � �=� �%��(���2 ����) �%2 ��(��� "5� ����8)� �8 2��87F19� &�!���� , ��-� �� �H��� &$��A ��A ,-��8�� .������ T$X� � �0�
,;�8�� , ��:��. � "5� ����8�� ���A �� � )-� �%������ "� $5 , �-�� .������ ��+� � �083F18 �� ]�X��13 .�01983.
)1 (F ,�� , �(� �� 6�(��� ��#�1995 � D ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2�� , ��� �K��0 ,! ���� �,���.
)2 (–�%� � �- &$� �)� '��2 V �-��� �$8 : 1F$����� ���+%�� , 5 : &$��� �$$� �+04 "5� "����� �92F06 �� ]�X��04F01F1992 T���
&$��� �� )� G����� ����� V �-��� 1� ���� $$� 129 ,��� , ���� ����5 �1991 . $5������� ��$��� 6�� , ��:�� V�*� .�5: .../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
83
�� 8�� /����
E##���� E#��� �� ��� �� B � $��
���� �-� �+) .��� V�*� �72 "#��-�A� � ��:�� � ����� ,�7� ��A >"%�� � �8� "%��2 M���,82���� , ������ � ���8�� �� $� "� � ��8� � � . ��= ��
�)� .� � ,��$�� �0 "D� �V�N� M���� �%H2 $ :���� �%H �?��� ��# G;��=�:� >�:���� ?� , +) �� �,25��� , +) �� �)=�)� $�$-��� . � ��� $��2 �+��
��=� ?� � >�:���� ?�)��5� ������ � ���� ����5, ������ &��!�� ��( )1( ��A � "5� ����8�� "�%:2 T��8� �� � ?�87F19 ,��+ ��- � �5 ���K $- ��%� �
��6� �� �#�� �#�� �#M
0 300.000,00 @$ 15000 @$ 6 225.000,00 @$ 37500 @$ @ 1196250 @$ 19875 @$ $ 150.00 @$
5$ � =���� ,) 3000 @$ , $�� >���0 � =� 1500 @$
2F, )-:�� �-�� &$ <��0 �)� V �-��� $ $��: �#����� @� �� �"����
� �504 .���� 15 %
�4 ��A .����10 .���� 30% �10 ��A .����20 ,�� 40% ?�: 20 ,�� 50% 3F ,2���� ,2��= <��0 �)�) &$���5 �90F25.( 4F �)� , ������ .� ��+��2 ,8���� 4�� <��0 ) � �$�80 �81 "5� ����8�� ��88F33 �K���
,��� , ���� ����51989.( )1 (– ,82���� , ������ � ���8�� �H �� >�:���� ?� ��+) &��!�� ����5� �,��:�� �� ������ � ���� ����5
, ������(+ "� �(���� L�* ���=� ?� $�� � ��$ �>� ��� ��� �:�2 '���� ��(��� 9�� M) � � ����� ?� M) �0.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
84
V�*� �� U�:��)*��%� @�����(. , )-� ����*� M���� �# � ���� �*� , ����� .���=�� ���A �� , ���� .�$����� " $8� ��A ,��$�� .-� $8� ���!����
��)� ,)�#� 8�� @�����(.
*��%� @�����
������ / ����� &
�A�!0 "#0 , ��:�� &�!��)� ����� T��$�� $8-�� �� V=� ?� �# &$��� 6��� ";�$�� >�:����08 "5� ����8�� � 87F19 T��8� �� � �I�. 1�
�#� , ��:�� &�!���� '�K�0 � 2 T������2� >� ��� �)� ?��2�5 �������� �8�)������� )� . $ :���� M) >���� �0 G;��=�� ��# � "%: ��� >�:���� ?�";�$��� �� �K-�� �� ��8�A ��� �A= )� ,K��:�� .�������2 �. M) ����8���
������ ���*� � $ :����� %���� ,����� �)� �%��)�� ����� "� �% )� $��� ���� �4 2����- ��� �0 ��$ ��K T72 ,2����� � 6� -�� ��* �!�� � ���8� T0 ��
9�=0 6�2�*� �0 � -��� �� .��)(�� �0 .������ �0 6 �=��� �0 , :=��)1(. 3 � ��# >�2�� ��%�� ������� .�+)���� ,����� V�*�2 ���- $ :���� �� V��:
� T������2� >� ��� �)� .�+)���� ���)� �%- ��� �+ � ���� @����� �;��� �0 �%- ��� ,������ �0 �%� �:+ "$-�)�! �;2�� ( ���A �� �+��� ��-��� �-��� �%�I�"%�$��A V�2 ������� �2K2. �+ �0 "L$8� � "%: ?�� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �
�� &$�� �# �%�� ������� 9�=*� .�+)��� M���0��� � &$�)2(.
)1 (F������ $8-�� @��� � ���*� &$���. )2 (F .��!���� ���8��� �# �%�� ������� M�*� M)� ?� 4 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� 4� �� 62��� �A
2���� , ��:�� �K��*� " H�� &$��A �� ,8!2���� ��� � $ :���� ,��+ � �-�� , ����� M�N� ,-.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
85
>�:���� G;��= �0 �2� ";�$��)������� �������� �8��( >���� �%2 H:��� $5 "5� $ $��� ����8�� ��10F03 F3�2�� � ���!�� 6�2�� >�K�F� $8� <L�+ T����
,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� 6�)�7+ �� ���� $�:�� �I�� �� ���+�)�� $8����!�� 6�2�� ��A G;��=�� ��# ��A ?����� � �7� ����=� 3�2�� �.
��� � $���� �� �% )� G����� .������� 9$�I2 ��=�� ,���16 ��A21 "5� ����8�� �87F19� 4�$� ,����� ?�8��� ��8�A M�� �)� 6��� V �-�
,��$)� , 8�� G8� �0 ���K*� �� ��� ���� �# , ����� , ��:�� &�!���� .��+ .)=02�%�������� '�K�*� � ,��� �0 '�K�*� $�0 � ��=�� �$� ��A �0�
'�K�*� , 82� ��+ V �-��� �I�� � �$��� 2 �K8� � ��#�28 �29 ����8�� � "5�87 F193 � � '�K8�� ? �� �� ,����� ?�8��� ��8�A "� .
���2 &$��� ��A >���4 "5� T� :���� "����� �90F51 �� ]�X��06 <��1990)1(� ? 2�� .� : +� $$��� &$���28 "5� ����8�� �87F19� ��+�
"5� M����� T������ ������329 �� ]�X��17 ����1990 .� : +� $$��� "5� T� :���� "����� ? 2��90F51 � ���*� �I� ����0 ��=�� 6�2 � $-� ���
�# .�������2�%����� ,8:��� �+� �+ �% �K��*� ��� A� � 42���� � ����K��N� ���:��. �� (�� &$;�:� �K��*� � '�� �� �)=���� � ,#���� "$�
, ��:�� &�!���� �� � ���� �0 @����� ���0 �� &���2����+� � ���2 G �=�:�� ��(����,��:��2 �%� ,)� � ���* ��� .
.../...����8�� �#$$� ���� < �8�� "% � �����. )�H�� : "5� ,+����� , ������ , )-���120 �� ,=�X��07 <��1990.( )1 (F ,��� � @1990. > 6.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
86
, �8��� 1����� ����0 �A -�� , ��:��� � "# � )5A G�=�� ������ �� �.�������2 ��=�� .���� .�:��=�� �� 3�2�� .� ��� "%� � ���)1(. 4�� 3 �
������ ��A �� �8� � �8��� '�X#� �� ��A >����� ,��� �L�+�� �#$-2�� ���� ��- � ������A "%��2 ������ ��A 3 ������ $-2 ,:��=�� ��� ���� ,+�)� 42�� �K� "�8
"%)% � ������� ��A ,:��=�� g )2�2 �%����=� &�;�$ �� &�!���� 48� � =*� ��# &$15 ��=�� 6�2�0 �)� L$�)� �� � "� �0 ,-�8 � D 6�2�*� .��+ ��I� 6��� )�"%�� ?�8��� ��8�A �� �H���2 )+�� �K�8�� ��A , K8�� ���$2 ������ 4��� ���
�% � 62���� ���K*� V �-�)2(. "+��� 12� � ?�8��� ��8�I2 "+� � �$��� 12�� , �-�� &�!���� �I� � ;�%� ,)���:���.
�*� , 82 �� � "%K-2 �0 '�K�*� $�0 $K 9��$�� 4�� ,��� ���'�K� , ��-�� , �=��� �%� , ��:�� &�!���� �0 ������ 4�� �%���$� 6$���� ���� �I�
,��$�� ��-�A $-2 9��$��)3(. T0 &�!���� $��� �)� ,����� ��# �� �!X � �0 �)�&�!���� '�K�0 $�0 �)� &���2 �)� 6�8� �0 '���A)4(. ��$� , �D ��A��� "+�
2�8��� ��8�I?� T0 ��=�� ,�)� �K�8)� ����8�� ���0'���A 6��� �H:��� � 2$$��� '�K�*� 6 ��� � ���� 9��$�� 4�� � ���� ���� , ������ ��K�
&�!����.
�.�������2 ��=�� ,� �� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��8�A ��� >������ � 2 ��+ '���, ��:�� &�!���� '�K�0� =*� ��# � 2 �09�=0 ,%� � ,��$��� ,%� � &� �
)1 (F &$���05 "5� T� :���� "����� �90F51 ���� ������� "5� M����� T��329 �� ]�X��17
����1990. )2 (– �H�� :�� &$�8 "5� T� :���� "����� �90F51 �� ]�X�� �06 <��1990. )3 (F &$���3 "5� "����� �89F51 �� ]�X��18F04F1989 &$��� ? 2�� .� : +� $$���29 �
"5� ����8��87F19 ) � @> 16 ,���1989.( )4( – �H�� : &$���22 "5� ����8�� �87 F19 . �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
87
'�K8�� G���=� � ��+ T$�-��. �0 G���=�� T��$�� �K�8��7�2 $8-� � , +)�� �� M +����2 ,8)-��� 9���$��� �0 �� �K��*� ��$8:2 ?)-� >����� ��+
���:�� �%-2���� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��8�A ,�K��� ������ .����5 '�(�A 9���$ �0� 2+��� &$��� "�+�* �5�= ,�)��� �����08 "5� T� :���� "����� �90F51 �
G��=)� �%- 2� &�!���� �K��0 �)� .� $)2�� T$-� ,��� �� �0....���.
� �+ �0 ��- � T$�-�� �K�8�� � �K�8��T��$��� �H���2 ���= �:� $� ������ ��.� 8)-���, .��!����2, ��:��. � ��H� ���= �:� $� ��*�� ,- 2�
, ��:�� &�!�����#��2���2 � , �$ G�=�0 ,+��)1( V-22 G�= � ���!�� �0 � .������� �8 2�� >����� �� ���� ,��$�� ��+ T�K-�� �� -)�) , +) �#��2���2
5���2,.(
�#� 8�� @�����
�� �� �<���
!$����. �$�� .� �C ,��$�� , ��:�� , ��� ������ ��=�� ? �� �� "(PNDA) ,� �2�� �;����� �)� $�-� ���� , � -�� ,������ � ��8���� '�� T����
���:�� ��!���� ��A� )=�? @����� �;��� 4 ,5��. �-� �)� M�� $�- ��%����A �� V;�� ? 8�� ��A �-�� &�!���� . &$��� �2�-��54 ���8�� � "5� �99 F
11 �� ]�X��23 �2� $1999 ,��� , ���� ����5 �K���2000 ,2�!2e���2�� ��%� , 8 8��� ?�����)2(. ������ ?�$���� �)� ����0 � ���� , �C "�8��
)1 (F &$���14 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987. )2 (–.��+ ,��$�� ,�� .�$5 ���� � ��:�� �� $ 1� �%8��� �)� .�=0 $5 ,82�� ,)�� ��1990
�����217 ��� $ �� )� $��� .�50 �+ &36 "5� .�� �$���� , ���� ����5 �90F36 ]�X��.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
88
, ��:�� , ����� �2K)� (FNDRA) . ��# ���� :���� "����� �$�T "5�2000 F118 T� �� ]�X��2000 $$��� � �?�$���� � �� .� : +� T������ ������
"5� M�����586 ]�X��5 , ) ��2000 � &$�:���� ����� �%� � $$����?�$����� ������ >�� 6�� "�$�� 6�� ��+� .�$����� 4�$ ?���.
������ ��=�� �+�� �� ���8�� , �+� � �)� , ��:�� , ��)� �)� T$���5� %�� 9���,��$�� .�$��� 1�2 ?)-� � � , )��� , ��$�� �+�. , 5 .()2 $5�
"�$��44063.632.884 T0 @$62% , ����� .���!���� , 5 �)1(� 3 � T��� T�)� g)2�� G�=28,8 @$ �� ) t T040 % �.���!���� >�� �
� �()2� &$ $��� ����*� <�(T��� 17,3 �@$ �� ) T024% >�� ��%2 $%-��� .���!���� . �0� ������ � �=��� .�� %�� �%� G�=� g)25,9 �� )
@ $t T024% � >�� � .���!����%2 $%-���.
45���� �+� � : � � ��� "�$� � ���$�� � � �� .2!0� $-2�� $����� ,) 6�2�)� ��%�� T�;����� ��� $)� �; � ��$�� �) � �0 ����0 ��� ? ��� �+��
,����� ��82��� 6�2���(� , - 2��� 3���+��� �:���2 � ����� '� ���� ��$�.�K �-��� �)� ������2 � 2��� �2� $ �%� �� ��-�� � ��# � ��K "#��2���2
.../... ��31F12F1990 @����� �0 , ��:�� .������� �� ,������ � =�$�� �)� ,2 �K�� � �d)+ '�:�A���� ���.
)1 (F V��8�� � &� 2+ ,2��� � �!���� G �=� , : ��� , ����� ,��:�� M�2 .� ;���A � H�� �.�� %����� $��-)� , ��!��� : � 2 ��592 ,�� ,������ V��8)� ,%�� @$ �� )1991 G�=
g)2503,9 .�� %����� $��-)� @$ �� ). � 2 ��165,4 ,�� ��= @$ �� )1994 >�� ��� g)2 �)� � %����135,4 @$ �� ). V��8�� � ,) )5 ,2�� 9�� ���!���� G�= "� �� 2
����, ��8-�� .�� ������ ��2B� �:�� ��*� ,) ����� ,��� ?)-� �=C �+� .5��� 4 �%H $5�� $;��:�� ,2�� .-:��� �A � ��:)� ,%���� V��8�� $;��:� � 2+�� >�:����24F6 % ,�� �251990 ��A
� 2 �13 �23,3 % )��*� &� �5 V��5 ( � 2�15 �23,5% )� ,) ��� ,���� V��59$�(. )�H�� : ���2-�)� ���A( G �?2�� 4�� �25.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
89
�%���L$ ���� 3���+�� .V-2 V�-� �+ �� � .����� � �*� �� � ��:������ ����0"�$�� ���0 ��2 ,:)+�� ? $�� 6�2�* "%�� "�$�� 6��2 �%���
,:)�=� ,���� ���*� ���� "$-+� �� "�H���2 4K�� .��+ "�$�� ���0 �0 "D�? $����� ��� .�� ,�� �+ , �$2.
��� 8�� 2�6 �
�� ��� �#���� �$��%�
� ��!�� , �$2 �� ����� �� ,���� �)- �0 ��$� .� .��� �=�� �� 4� ����$ �� ,��+�� , $���5��� , ���� $ ��1976 &$ $� ����� >���� �$�0 �
������ , �2� "5� ����8�� �%�83F18 �� ]�X��13 .�01983)1( &�� �2 ?)-���, ��:�� , +)��� T��� K��N� G�=�� M)���2 ������ 2��2 "�� ,�)�����,��$)� ,-2������ +� $$��� ,��=�� , +)�� 8� �)� ������ ��# �!X �0 ��$ � &$��� 6��265 , ������ &��!�� ����5 �.
� , ��:�� , +)�� 6���+� ��� 1�:� ���*� &�(!�� ,2�!2 ����8�� ��# ��+�U������ ���A �� , ����� , +)�� 6��� �)� G��=�� ��� � �� D�
�L�� ���� G������ � �$� $� 8�� .(�0� , $�:�� &�$�2�� .� ����$ ��$� , �D ��A1989 ,���� �+������ "�H��� 4 ,- �8�� �)�0 T���. .��-�� � ��� �� �K�
� �� , ������ &��!�� G��� '�(�I2 , ��8-��� �%� ��+ � 2�$� � '�(��� ��# 2),��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� �)� �#�!0� � '��� �%��2!A .�$�� 3 � � �0 �%�� 3 �
F�� 2 ��7 � �+F .x5 ,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� f�-��� �$��2 ������ �) � �� � 2
)1 (– �� ,=�X � @16 .�01983 > �34.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
90
����$ ��$�1989 )/���� %���(I "! ����$ ��$� $-2 �%��-��� �#�H1989 � �� ,���� �)=���"�H��� �+������)�� /������ 8.(
��%� /����
����" ������ ��� �#���� �$��%� P
�#� -�� , ������� ?����� ��A � ������ &��# 4 ��� ��-� .���% K��0 U������� , ��+��� ,��!+�� 3 � � 6������ ����� � 2 ������� ? 8����
"5� ����8�� �$� �, ;��(�� , ����� � ������ '�:�+���83F18 �� ]�X��13 .�01983 .�+ � � ������8�� ��%� , 8 8��� �$#*� .�� '��D ��(��� �� �!��
,%� � ���$�� ��8-�� ,���= � �2�� U������� >��� @����� -K ��(���� 9�=0 ,%� � ���$�� ���:�� ��8-�� �� ����� $ �� '��(��)*��%� @�����(.
�� �� �+)� $ ���� ��X�� �+� "� U������ &�#�H �*� ,�)��� � �G�=�� M)��� 4 ��� ��� ,%����� , ����5 .� �8� ,)+ %�� &$��A ,�)� .)(��� 3 �
G�=�� T��8-�� '����� ,:��K� 9�=0� 6��2 "H��� &�%��� $8� �� �)���5� "�����" 83F352 �� ]�X��21 T� 1983)1(� �%�$# , �C &�%��� $8� ��+�
��8-)� ���� ?�� '���A��2� , ���2 )�� ,H�*� �� )� ��-� �#� M�)� 1� �� �0 '��2�� ���0 &���22 � �;����� �#�,��=�� "%+�0 �� ����� �0. ) @�����
�#� 8��(.
)1 (– ,��� � @1983> �21 .
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
91
*��%� @�����
�0������ � ���� J ��� �� ��� >#
U������ ? �� �� ,���=�� , �C � ��� �;�8��� 42�� .�� ,���= �%�72��+�� 3 � �� ����� 3 � � $ 8. ?� 6���+� >���� �2� ����� 3 � ��
&$ �� U������ � :��2 , +)��05 �!+*� �)� .����)1(� $��� ��+�� 3 � � �0 �� &���� ,���=�� �0*��� �K��, �����)2( , 2%��� �K��*��)3( �K��*��
,�-�� ,+))� ,-2���� ,��=�� � D. &$��� 2 �K8� � ��#�4 "5� ����8�� �83F18 �� ]�X��13 .�01983 �)� G�� ���� :» ,:��=�� "�+�*� &���� 4
%2 ��-�� " H����� 4 ����� �� �% )� G����� U������2 , +)�� &�� � 6��� ����� ,�-�� , +))� ,-2�� �K��0 �)���� � D , ������� ?����� �� ,-5 ,��= �%�$=��� �+��� ,�-�� , +))� ,-2�����U������ $-2 ,��:)«.
�0 "$8� � "%: "5� ����8��83F18 ?2� �K��*� � &$$� , ��� �)�,��$)� ,-2����� �%� �L�=�� , �-�� .��)�)� M�� �+�2 ���0 &$��� .�L�� $5�
����8�� ? 2�� .� ���� � �K��0 1�� �72.� ,��=. &��$�� �0 ")-� ����
)1 (–�H�� : &$���11 "5� ����8�� �83F18. �� ]�X��13 .�01983. )2 (F �� �% � ���*� ,2�� �8� ,8�� �� V�0 �+ , ������� �K��*�2 $�8 100 ,���� �� ")
&$�)� �82�18 T��8-�� ����� ����5 �. )3 (F 2%��� ?����� �� ,-5���� �K��*�,��$)� �+) L$-� ��2 �K��0 �# ,� ,-2�� .��+ �K��*� ��#�
, ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$��)�� "5� ����8�� ��$�2�83F18 , ��:�� , ��8-�� , +)�� &�� �2 ?)-��� �)� G� ?� , �� >���� )� ?)�0 T���� �% )� <���� >�:���� ?� �� ,��L$�� ����� , ��+A
4����� &$��� .���65 "5� ����8�� �90F25 �)� :» �82� , +) ?� ��A ";�$�� 4���� ?� ��� "5� ����8�� "�+�*83F18 �� ]�X��13 ,�� .��1983...«.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
92
G �=��� ��8� ���� �#)1(-�� �0 M�� �� $�0 �%���� �0 ��$)2(� �*� �0 � � � �%2 .� �� , ��� ?��� �� ,-5�� �K��0 �-� � �#� �, �� , +)2 ?d)-�
, ������� �K��*� .�� � �K��*� ,��= �����8�� ��# ? 2�� ���A �� 1������ �� "����� 6��2 ,��$�� , �� .�� .-K�63F168 �� ]�X��09 T�
1963. T��8-�� ����� ����5 ? 2�� .2!0 $8�–,X�� �K��*� >���AF "� �0 "5� ����8�� ���A �� �%��83F18 &$��� � �$276 � ���� �)� .�� ����
,-������ V�*�� � ��+� � �0 ������ ��# � 2 �� �%������ "� $5 V�*
)1 (– G �=���)L’affectation ( ,�)� 4K� �0 �� �!��� "�-�� ?���� ,�)� �% K�8� , )�, �H��� �%�% '�$0 � �%� +�� �9�=0 ,�� ,�)� ��� .�� ���8� �0 ��8� ,��.
)�H�� : T�� � )��( ��$ ��;����� �, )��� .������� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� ���*� �� � ���� � �,�#2009G �121.(
�� V�-2 �0 ���� ��+ �0 �A G �=��) &$���86 ( "5� ����8�� �90F30 �� ]�X��1F12 F1990 "���� �$-�� �) �� ,=�X � @2F12F1990> �52( G�= ��A ���� G �=��� ��+ � �
�0 6;��K�� , � $� ���8� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A G�=� �7+ �� ,-2�� ,�)�� ���8� "�-�� G=��� ,�)���)��� 9����� �)� ,��$)� ,-2���� 1����� � �#� D� �?���� . �2�8��2 G �=��� �0
�<+-�� �0 , )� ,���� ���8� ,��$�� G�=� �7+ ������ ��8���� .�� ,�-�� G�=�*� � 2 ��+ �� �� ,)8�� , ��$A ,�� ,��X� ���8� , )� ,��� �0 ,��$�� G�=� �0 . �A G �=���� ��+ �0
� ;�%� �0 ��5X) &$���85 , ����� M�*� ����5 �( ��+ �� , ��� �� , 8�� ,2�!2 �2�8�� ��+ 3 �2 �� ;�%� G �=��� ��+ �� , ����� ���5X G �=��� . ��A ,��$�� M�0 � $ G �=��� .�$;�� V28 ����� �-2�� M)�� ��+ ��A �0 �,��$)� �-2�� M)�� ��+,����� ��# , ��� �� $;�-�� 6� � �, )� , .
��A ����A � -� G �=��� � $ :���� � �-���� � D G�=�� M)�� �0 "$8� � ��A �K � G �=��� '�(�I2 �� � �#� �,+���� ,; %��)La désaffectation.(
�H��) :G ��:� 4����125.( )2 (– &$��� �� '��3 "����� � "5� T� :����)91F454 ( �� �=X��23 �2���1991 $$� T��� �
M�� .� : + �2K � ��#� ��� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,�-��� ,��=�� M�*� &��$A ����) �� ,=�X � @24 �2���1991> �60( �, ���� � �� ���82 ��+ ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� .���8-�� G �=� �0 �
�5� �)� '��2 .�� , ��� ,��X �0 &���� G �=��� � $ :���� ��+ ��A �,��$�� M�0 ,�)� U��, )� ,��� �0 T��$A 42�� . ��+ �� �, ����� M�*� ,�)� U���5� �)� '��2 ������ � ���82�
� )5�� 9����� �)� ,��$)� ,-2�� , ��$A ,�)� $ :����.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
93
"5� ����8�� ���A �� � )-� 83F18. �0 � �+ �%�� �I� � =*� ����8�� '�� &$��� 4 �K5���14 ����$ �1976 M���C ��-:�� T������ �72 �K8� �����
�% � ,-�� � ,��$�� , +)� ,��+�� �K��*�. � ���8�� , ��� 0$2 ��A �$������ ��+#� 12� ���� � D ����8�� ��# ��� ��H� "���� ���� � 2 V5������ ������2�
����8�� ��# , ����$ "$� �# ,� ���� . "+�2 ,��$)� ,-2�� �K��*� ��# .��+ ��I� ����$1976� ��� "+�2 "�-�� ���� , �� $���8� 4K=��$� � 687 �688 �
��$�� ����8�� �T�;����� "5� ����8�� �0 $���83F18 ���� �)� 6�2�� 1�� $5�+������ "�H��� ����0 , K���� �%+)�� .
�+� ? 2�� ��� � . �!��� ��# ,��:�� �� ������ � ���� �K��0 ����8�� , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$���� �K��0�)1( . ����8�� ��# &���= �%H� M�� 4��� $-2 e$� "� ���� �K��*� �0 ��)� ��A �%�� g)2 ����� , ������ &��!�� ?�$��
700 ,�� R# �01982 ,)+ %�� &$��A ,�)� .�=0 �����)2( �%- ��� ��� 12��
)1 (F &$���2 "5� ����8�� �83F18 �� ]�X�� �13 .�01983. "5� ����8�� V5��� �0 �+���2 � $����83F18 G�2 >���� �-� , ������ &��!�� ����5 "�+�0 4 ���0
&$��� ��19 � $���� '�(�A �)� �158 ��A165 &$����168 ,8)-���� , ������ &��!�� ����5 ����2� , ��:�� �K��*� �� ����� 4�2 "5� ����8�� �I� ���83F18 �K��*� �� ��-��� , �� $��0
, ������ &��!�� ����5 �%K�� ���� $� 8�� ;�(�I2 , ��:��. )2 (F "5� , )-��� .7��014 �� ,=�X��17 <��1981 ,)+ %�� &$��� ���)�� � � ���: F � �+���� ,��:�� � �� �%�0�2 ,)+ %�� &$��� , ��� ����13 .�� .������� )�= ��)! �K�
���:�� ������2 ,)���. ����5 �� ,����� .���=�� 1 ���� .�������� ��=�� 4K�2 ,�)��� �%�:)+�, ������ &��!��.
F ,)+ %�� &$��� , ;�� ����� � �+��11 � �=���� T���� ,��:�� � $ , �K�� ������ ,��;�2 ��K� �� � )!� , ����2 �2-��� <)��� � '�K�0� � �;����� � ��:)� ������ $������ ������ M�2��
T$)2��. '��� @����� -K � �+�� ���� ,��= ,)+ %�� &$��� ,)#X�� .� ���-��� '���I2 "�8����(����.
)�H��:�� ,)��� ��� ( G �?2�� 4�� �107(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
94
����8�� ��%2 , �-.
&$��� .�K� $5�18 "5� "����� � �% ) ��83F724 �� ]�X��10 �2� $1983 �� ? �� �� , ��:�� , ��8-�� , +)�� $�$�A .�'���AV�*� U��� .
���� , +)�� $8� � ��� � '�%���� $-2�> H:�� U������ ��(�0 �� $ :�����;���� )2 T$)2�� �2-��� <)���)1( , $)2�� �8 �� ,) � U������ &$� �#�05
.����� ��(�0 ,-2��2 , ���� 9��� �)� ,��:�� , � $ &$�� ��# ��= "�8��U������� +����%2 "�� ���� , : � � � � �,����� $�� �;��)� &$����� " $8��
.�$������ , �8��� &$������ U������ ����A $�82� $8-��� U������ ����� �8��V�*� ,$=�.
U������ , )� � $ :���� '�%�A $-2�� "$8� �2-��� <)��� ��A 6)�2)� ���:�� ����� 4�� ��0 � T$)2��$8-)2( , +)�� � �8��� ��� . &$�� .%��� ��A�
U������ e���2 ����A "$-� ����� $ :���� "$8 �0 ��$ ���0 &��+���� �I������� 4�� ,��=�� ,%��� "�0 , ;�K5 9��$)3( � )�� � ���� $8� '�(�A �% � 6)�, +)�� .3 � � < ;� 6)� �)� '��2 9��$�� ��# ������ 4�� T$)2�� �2-��� <)��
,+��� "�0 U������ �� V�*� �%����=� &�;�$ �� ,-5����� ��0 ���:�� ����� ���2I2 "+� ��$����� ,�-�� , +)�� ��A V�*� $�-��. .� 2 $5�
'���J� ������ ��� $�� �%2 "�5 ���� .� ;������ � �!+0 �043700 � R#
)1 (F &$��� .��503 "5� ����8�� �83F18 , �����2 � -���� � - 2��� G�=�*� �)� &$�:����"#��� ��$ � �;����� ����-��� "�H�)� � -2���� � ��2���� G�=�*�� , �;�����.
)2 (FU������ e���2 "��I2 1)����� "���A ���:�� ����� , �C ��= � >���� $��0� 6��+ ��� &$��� 6��� �M���� ,:�06 �� � "5� ����883F18 ���:�� ����� 4�� � 5��� $-2 �A , +)�� �8��U������ e���2 ����A.
)3 (F ���:�� ����� , �C �)� ,2�5��� �� '�K8�� �=$� �A� �� �-� T0 � 1)����� , �� � �D&��$�� �25 � ,�)��� ��-���� "+� ��$�A $-2 �A ���!C ����� ��# e�� � �AM��2 �;�K5.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
95
��$ . 82 ,����� �K��*� �U����� 62�2 �8� �%��� �2 �������� �:�+� 3 �, $��� .������ 4 ��� �� , ���5�� 2��)1(.
� �$�)� �8 2���18 �19 "5� "����� �$� T��8-�� ����� ����5 �92 F289 �� ]�X��06 , ) ��1992 )2(� �� �����)� &$ $� ���� �)� G� T���
�� ���A �� , ������� �K���*�U����� &$- 9�2+ .��!�� '���A $�5 M���, � ������� .������� ��28���� < �� �2�82 "� 4 2�� �0 ������ ��# "#0 ��
�T���� ��� $��2F "5� ����8�� �� '�� �+83F18F� �- 2� G=� �+ &$;�:� M��� , ����� T�;��� � � #���� ��+ T��- �0 T�;���)3( .�� G� �+ �)� "���
�� 4 2�� ��� .�'���A? $� 8�� � �#� D� V �-���2 ,2����� �� ,��$��.
"5� ����8�� �0 ��8�� �+ 83F18 ������� >��� ����A ,��� �� ?2� 1����� : ���2 �:+� � (�� "5� "����� �0 � � ��92F289 �)� ?2�
,-��� .����� , ������� 4 ������ �+� 6)���,K#�2 �. �� ,��$�� "#��� ����%� '�� ���� M��� ,���� .���K��� $� 8�� V�� 4 �+�. >���� �$�0 �+ "5� "�����97F483 ?2� T���� A �0 , 2%��� �0 , )2��� �K��*� �� �
? �� �� , ������� $8� �� ��� .
)1 (F "5� T� :���� "����� G�83F724 �� ]�X��10 �2� $1983 � �!��)� V��5 1� �)�"����� � "%;�:�A�.
)2 (– � @,���1992 �> 55 . )3 (F &$�)� ?2�� "����� ��# '��03 "5� ����8�� �83F18 ,2����2 , �;����� , ����� ,�7� ��
- 2��� G�=�N�, ., ��-�� G�=�N� ,2����2 �0 . "5� ����8�� <+��83F18 , ����� ���2 '�� T���� #��)� < �� T��- G=�)� , �;�����. &$��� G� �I� �05 "5� "����� �92F289 �%����
� � #���� '�K�*� 4 � ��� 6���*� '��5A ��- �� ��� , �� ��� 4 V5��� T��� �*� , �� ����6)� �)� "�8� 6���*� � �!����.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
96
�#� 8�� @�����
�� �#-� �� >#���� @�A0�� ��< � -�"��� �
M�)� 1 �� , ����5 &�$0 &�%��� $8�� �;����� >�� � �K��* $�� ��$2M)��)1( �1��� .� )� �%)�� "� ������ � )5A G�=�� ?!��� ��A '��)�� ��
&� �5 ���C ��� ,� �2 .�'���I2�� &�%��� $8� $�$��� "%� ������ �K� , +)��2. ��2 �%�+�0 " H�� "� $5� "5� T� :���� "����� 683F352 �� ]�X��21 T�1983)2( � ,�� ��A .$�� ,) �� ,)��� � ��$ 8 2�� "��2007 )3(.
�+ � �-� ��� ��� �72 &�%��� $8� ��+�N� �82� ?!��� �25 � $-, ����8��� ����=�� ��)� $�$� ���� "$�8��� <��0 �)� , +)�� ��%�A �K�
��6�+� $8-�� 6��� 1 ��� �)� '��2)4( . �� 3 ��%��� $8�& �����5 ��-$�8-�� �5�2 �� ���2 $�:� G�=. � $��8�� < ��+ 1)�� )� �$ �"$8� "
�)�0��28��� 6�� �� ?2���2 "� T��� ?�:��� M�� �� &$��� ��= � "�%: �# �+54 ��$�� � �8��� � �T�;����� A�$8� 1)�� � $�8 �� M�� �����8�� '�����
)1 (F &$��� ���� �82� ,��=�� , ��8-�� M�N� 42���� ��8-�� ��- M)�� >�� � ��8-��23 ����5 � "5� T��8-�� �����90F25 �� ]�X��18F11F1990 "���� �$-��.
)2 (– ,��� � @1983 �> 21 . )3 (F ��� .� 2)��� �A"����� "�+�72 �-�� �%:)= ���� , �#� "5�83F 352 �� ]�X��01F03F1983
���� , ������ ,����� M)� �0 �� :H��� M��0 � �+)� �+�� ? !���� ,�% .��+ &��� �� �$����$8-�� ��# $�$�A .��� "5� ����8�� �� ��A >���� .-�$07F02 �� ]�X��27F02F2007) � @
,���2007 �> 15 ( �� , +)�� .�$�� " )��� , ��8-�� , +)�� ?� ,� �-� '���A < �7�� �K���T��8� ? 8�� ? �� .
,��� � @2007 �> 15. )4 (–�H�� : T$��)� �-�� $2�( G �?2�� 4�� �157.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
97
'���� $��� ��A T$X��)1( ����� �L����2 $8� ,)+ ��$2��� ��A 9$0 T��� �*� ����0 � 2�� ����� �)�.
$��� 6��� � $ :���� �;���� 1 ��� $�� �)� "�8 &�%��� $8��� $%�� � , ����5 ,-5�� ,� �-� .8d)-� .�2!I2���� �� , ��8-�� , +))� ,2�+�� &�� �)� , $��� ,-5
6�+�� "$�8��� ? ��. ?!��� "�0 .�� ����� "L$8 G=��� , ��X� "�8� 3 �2�$���� ��-�� �2�K�� ��A <��*� �� $�� ��� , -K��� �� ����= �82 T���
� ��$�� G=��� �25 � �%2 U���� , $�����%��. � )=$� �* �)� �A 6��1 ��� � ��8)� � � �$�. 6��2 ?�)� ����� G=��� �2�- � ?!��� �I� M��2�
� �$���� ������ T��8-�� �� -�� ?��� &7�� 4�� ��A���A � ,-5���� ��A $�- ���� �� ?!��� ��# �%D��0 ���� , $���� ��8-�� &�� �2 ��$�� .�� ��� �)� '��2
�� $ �� &$� 15 ,��� &$��� �� &��8�� , : +��2827 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;�����)2(.
)1 (–�H�� : ���)=)$ � (;����� �, ��$)=�� ��$ �T�;����� ����8�� �� ��8-�� � ��2012 G �261. )�*� G��� �#� , ���:�� ,()��2 G��� �0 �+���2 � $������ $��� &��2� �-�� un acte notariée
� "� ������2� �-� &��2�Un Contrat. 1 ��� $�� �)� "�8 &�%��� $8� �0 ��A &����� .82�������5 &��8�� >�K�*�� ��+�N� �82� �;����. �� ����*� �+��2�-�� G��� 4 +��� ���� ��� ��� ,
>�����2 >���� �� �2� T���� � (�� �� � �=��� �2)��� 5��� �� �%H� �K����� �0 90��,K��- " $8� ��� &$��� 6�� � (��2 $�8 �3 �7 "5� "����� �83F352 , �-�� .��)��� , )���� , �+���� ,%�� 0 ,%� � G��=���9�=. $$� ��8-�� �� $��� ��*� �+��� �0 9� �
T��8� � 2= �� � ,������ 45���� �� $8� "��2A �)� 3��2�� �%� 62��� �0� �2����� &�%2 ��� 6 &�$8�� &�� ��� &$15 2�� ,�� &$�)� �8827 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;�����. �=��� , )+��� ��+�*� �0
F 0� 6��F )� �+� ?!��� ��A "$8 6��� )5A G�=. )�H�� : ,��)� �����( G �?2�� 4�� �154( . )2 (F "5� "����� � ���*� &$��� G��83F 352 �� ]�X��21 T�1983 �)� :» G=� �+
"5� �*�2 3$��� '���J� �B� ��� 4K=� "� ���� .� $)2�� 6��� �� ��� 75F74 �� ]�X��02 �� �2��� ,1975 >���� �� ,-�8� � D &��� &�� � �M)�� >�� � ���8� ���0 ��+���.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
98
���*� &$��� G� � "%: � "5� "����� �83F352 �8� $� &�%��� $8� �0 "�-�� �K��*� 1� .�'���� ,-K�=�� � D �K��*� �)�)1(. ?��� �)� 48 ��
.../... �<2)2 ,2�� .� �� , ���� �% )��82� "5� �*� "+��*75F58 �� ]�X��26 �2�2�1975� � )5A ? !���� 6�+ �� ��X��� ?!��� � 6)� �0 �+ ��$�� ����8�� �K���� $8�
, +)��2 ������ �K� &�%�«. "5� ���8�� �� '���15221 �� ]�X��29F12F2001 :»... "����� ��# �0 3 �83F352 ]�X��
��21F05F1983 ������ �K��� &�%��� $8� $�$�A� 6�+�� "$�8��� .�2!A '���A �� �K���, +)��2� �8�� 6�+�� "$�8��� ,� �- .�'���A 3$�0 ,2���� � D &����� ,;$�%�� &�� ��� �)� ����0 ";
$ �� &$� ,-�8��� � D� <2)215 $���� �� �$ $�� '�� �)! ,��827 ��$�� ����8�� � �#$-2 �� . �)� ��$%� � �!� � $#��� $ :���� .�� ��� <��0 �)� ��� ��+ $8� �# &�%��� $8� ��2���2�
�� T��� ��8-�� ��� � $8� �� ,������ ,��� �� >�K��� �K�8� �82 � +��� �� 8�2 ������2 6� &$���2 �% )� G����� ����)� �#'�: ��� 9$ ,� �-� &�� ��� ����� ����� � ?8���� , ��+A &�%���
827 ��$�� ����8�� � « )�H�� :@ , ��8-�� ,��()� �;�K8�� $�%����2 > G�=2004 G �394(. )1 (F "5� �*� ��$� �� �;����� .���75F74 �� ]�X��12 �2���1971 1��� , )� ��
T��8-�� ����� < �7�� "�-�� T��8-��. $ ���+ ,K#�2 ��+� 6)��� �%�* �, )-�� ��# �� !+ "$8�� "���K��*� 1�� , ���� 1����� �� � ,���� , ���� .���=��2 ,)�-�� ?�:��� 4�$ T��� �*�
"5� "�����2 �=$�)� >����283F352 �� ]�X��21F05F1983 &�%��� $8-2 ?)-���� ��� � M���1��� , )� �%)�� "� �K��0 ����� � ��� � ������ 4 ���� ����)�F ��� ,� �2 .�'���A �K:2
,��8- ���CF "%� +) .2!� .�$�� �)� .�� , +)�� � %�� ��- � ,����� � D ?����� �� , ��8-. M�� �02/3 ��$�2 �� ,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)��� , +) .�$�� �%� .� �. � �!+0 $-2�30 ?���� � ,��
, )-��� �I�732 �%�� �8� , $)2�� , )����:�� ��8-)� ,2����2 1�� �355 ��8-)� ,2����2 , $)2T�K��� .���� .� $)2�� >�� ������� 6����� �2� &��. ������ <)��� �$�0 � �8� 6���
�������� T$���5��(CNES) ,��1998 1� �I� �;����� �� ���:�� ��8-�� , ��+�A G��=2 ,��=�� 1����� 6�� 6)�� �K��*�15 �$�- � ����� ,��30 ��(� ��= �011 R# �� )��� ?����� �� , ��:�� �K��*� � � , : 400 , ���-�� ?����� �� R# �0. �B� $�� �� "� ��
�#5 � , : � R# � �48 , �K��� ?����� �� R# �0 . ,��� ���$�� $8��� ?�$�� ���0 $5�1998 �)���1��� , )� �� � �-�� .�+)��� �%�� �����8�� <��*� � �-�� �K��*� ��� 4K��. )�H�� : ���2 T$�)��(�;����� �,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� .� �C �� ������ ,��2�)� ,�# ��$
�4 ������2003 G �16F17(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
99
"������ T��8-�� H����� � $8-�� $ 5 "$-2 $8� �K��� ?!��� �25 � �A "$8� H���)� .2! ��A T0 T��8-�� 1��� .��$0 �%�� ���� , ���(��� " ��5*� �� &�%���
&�%��� $8� >�K� ��8-�� .��� ?2� �%� $��� T��8-�� .� �0 ��- &�%��� $8� �2�- �� � �0 ?2��� �%��� &$��8� �'��!���2��K�� �!*� &$��8�%�)� � � &��8��
&$��� G�� �8��88 "����� �76F63 �� ]�X��25 <��1976. ��K� 9��� �)� ��%�J� ��� T0 >�K=A T��8-�� H���)� �+ � �0 &$��8�� ��# T0 ����� ��# )� ��2 T��� $���� ��+ ��A �A �% )� �� ���� , ��8-�� ,H�����
F, ��8-�� ,)�-�� F ��%�. �% � '�� 3 �» �� ��%�J� '���A T72 "� 8�� �+ � �0 �;�K:�� ���8)� �0 $8-)� ���8 �0 ?2� ��%�A $��� "$� ,��� �� , ��8� ,H��� M��� � =*� ?��� 6��� �0 ����� ?� .2! �&����� ? �� �� ��8���� &$�%�
&$��� "�+�0 &���� 489 ���$0« . �+���2 � $���� �8�� ��%� "� ��A �%� $8� �0 , )� �% � "�� "� ���� ?����� �� �� � ��� <�X "� "�$ � ��=��� �%��� "�H��
1��"�-�� �K��*)1(.
"5� "����� � ���*� &$��� G� � e���� �+83F352 �%��� $8� �0& �M)�� >�� � �K��*� �)� �A 6�� � *� $�-2��� ��- �, ����� M�)2(
)1 (F &$���27 "5� �*� �75F74 �� ]�X��12 �2���1975. )2 (F &$��� �0 "D� 4 &�8�1 "5� , ����� M�*� ����5 �90F30 �� ]�X��1 �2� $1990 – ��"���� �$-F ���)� �� "$�8�)� �� ���)� , �-�� , ����� M�*� , )2�5 "$� �)� .���I�
� ���2 ,�K�� G��� ��# � ,!��!�� &�8:�� �+� ")� �,��=�� , ����� M�N� ,2����2H '�� 3 � "$�8��� ��% � :»�N� ,-2���� , ��8-��� ,��8��� ?�8���� M�*� &��$A 4K=� �% � ������ ,��=�� , ����� M
����8�� ��# �� « &$��� 6��2 &$��� ��# .�$� M���4 ����8�� � "5� 08F14 �� ]�X�� 20 � �� 2008 "5� ����8�� "� � �$- T���90F30 ���0��B� ����� �)� , ����� M�*�2 ?)-��� :» M�*�
�� "$�8�)� ,)2�5 � D ,��=�� , ����� ���)�... ,-2���� , ��8-��� ,��8��� ?�8���� M�*� &��$A 4K=������8�� ��# "�+�* �% � ������ ,��=�� , ����� M�N�«.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
100
, ��8-�� , :5��� M�*��)1(. �0 ��A � �� , ����� M�*� �� 3 $��� ,2���2��� !+)2( <��8� �'��$ .������� �7�2 "% 0� '�$2A 6��� �� ,��$�� M�0
8!��� �25 � "% �A ,$8��� �%��� $8� $�$�A $$�2& '� ���� �� �22� M�� ��+� � � !+ �)�, ����� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=��� , �-�� , ��8-�� M�*� �. ?)-� � ��
"�-�� 5��� �)� T�� 6�+�� "$�8��� �H� 0$2 �0 ��A �8� � �� , :5��� M�*�2G�=�� 5����)3( .
�+ ��� $��2 ,�2�! &�%��� $8� 6��� , +) ��+� � �0 ����. G=������2 ��8� M) T��� ��� $8� 6)�;�K5 "+� �T��$A $8� ��8 !�� $8� ( �%�
2, ��8-�� ,H������ "5� "����� "�+�72 �5��A ��- � D �%�83F352 * � +) ����� � ��� $��2 ,�2�! ,%��� �� ,)�+�� , ,��+��)4(.
)1 (– "5� .�� � )-�� ,+��� ���5 �� '��157310 �� ]�X16/07/1997»����5� ���� ��8�� �� ����� ��� � ,�2��� � -�� �0 �% � �� T72 �I� )�� �#� D �0 ,2%�� �0 4 2��2 , +))� �5�� �
�)� , +)��2 ������ �K��� &�%��� $8� ���2I2 �K�8�� &$�-��22 ���*� ,��$�� �� �$���� "+��� � &$�-��22 ��%�� , ��� &$;�:� <2� ��8� �)� "$�8��� <��0-�$ $� $«
) ? "> 1 ,���1997 G �34(. )2 (–�H�� :� T$�)� �-�� $2�( G �?2�� 4�� .� �C �186(. )3 (–�H�� : ���2 T$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� .� �C �20. )4 (F &$��� .��2 "5� "����� � ���0 &�8�83F352 ?;�!�)� &�%��� $8� 6��� " $8� &���K �)�
, �����: F$�� ,���)� , ��2!�� ?���*���-��2 ,��=�� , �. F,2��+�� .�$�%���. F��$�- G�=�0 �$-w , +)�� ��=. F &$��� "�+�0 4 ?2���� &�� � ��8-�� �)� <�� ��$�� �72 ���� 1 ���827 ����8�� � �% ) ��
��$��. F �;���� , �#F�����F
� ?!��� ��+ 3 � �� )5A G�=�� ?!��� ��A 6)��� �� � "5� �N� 4K= &��:�� ��# �70F91 �� ]�X���05F12F1970 �$-�� &���� 9$� � �0 �:H� ��2�- T���� �? !���� ,�% �K���.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
101
6��� �� ������ �0 6� � &�%��� $8� &$�)� �82� �;���� ,:�827 ����8�� ���$��. 9� � '�%8:�� �# &�� ��� �0, +)�� ?� '�$�� � , � ;� ,) �� �%��+� ��H�
����8�� � <$���� "�8�� �� T�;����� >���� �%: + $5� �?��� ��# ,��� �;��� �-� T0 �%� "$8 "�� �, ��8-�� , +)�� 6���+� ?�� � ? �� �%�0 �)� ��$��
�� 8:)� ,%�� ��# �+���)� � ��0 �-��� $- T�. .�: �-��� ��# � 2 ���%�0)1( �0 �+�� �:�2 �%)-�� '� �*� � '�� �)� G=�� , $� , )-� ,�)�
"� �0 ?�8��� ��# � ?� ��A ,�)��� ��# .$���� '��� )� �� � ?� 6���$���� .�%�0 �)� �-� �+)2( � &�� ���� T��8� �� � ?� �)� $ �� 4K�� )-� )�
�+�) ��8-�� ��# ��+ '��� �M�� ��A $�8�� 4 �- 2�� ?:� � 6�� ��-����� "0 �;��)�� �� D ,����2 �0 �:�2 �;���� ��+ '����. ��!;���� �%�72 �-� �+?� �0 '��2� �8 8��� M���� �7+� �%H G=� �%��� )3( .
� "%: � ��-��� ���0 �� &�� �)� �0� ��)4(T$� �#$�0 � $ �� 4K� �#� � ������ ��-���� )� , )-:�� &�� ��� ? �� �� ?��� �)� �0 '���� �)��
&�� � M��2 ��+�� �#��! ���� �%�����2 , ��:�� V�*� &�� � ��+�� � �8�����2 �. ���-�� �0 T��-�� 2 $�8 � �&�� �)� '���� &�� �2+)� , �� � �0�
.../... "5� ����8�� ��$�2 �+�88F27 �� ]�X��12F07F1988 ? !���� ,�% �K��� �$-���"���� ����� 6����� ��+ ��A ?!��� G���=� $$� . � ���*� &$��� 4 V��-� T��� �*�
"5� "�����83F352 �� ]�X��521 F1983 � )5A ?!��� G���=� &$ 8��. )1 ( F �H�� : T$��)� �-�� $2�( ����8�� �� , +)�� $�8� " )��� , ��8-�� &�� ��� � -:� .�'���A �
��;����� �T�;����� T��8-�� �T$�$(2 .�����2011F2012 G �16. )2 (–�H�� : &$ 2� �2)H :��� $2�( G �?2�� 4�� �95. )3 (–�H�� : ���2 T$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �,��=�� �, ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� .� �C �21. )4 (F ,�)�� V��: �%� T��-�� ���-�� �0 T$��� ���-�� ����� $��2 �%��2!2 &�� ��� �� ��*�
�2� 48 � �;���� M�� �= ��$ � �)� <+-�� .�2!A. )�H�� : ,��)��� ���(G �?2�� 4�� �157.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
102
.5X V�(� &�� ��� ��+�. � , ��2 � 1� �����5 �+� �� �;���� ��+ ���&�� ��� ��#)1(. � (�� ,%��� ��F �8�� ?�+ �%��� L$� �� &�� ��� �� ����8�� �*
, +)�� ?� ��.
� G� "5� "�����83F352 &�� ��� ���� ����� &���K �)� � , ���������� '�$#� �, �0�+� � '�:=��� ���+��� V�(�� 6� � � , ��= �
������� "$��)2(.
��A ��� $8� �&�� ��� , - 2� ��=�2 )�=� 6�+�� "$�8��� &$� ,2����2�33 ,�� ��A V:=�� $5 �+ �, !�� �� ?�8��� ,��� ��15 , ����8�� &�� ��� ,��� �� ,��L0 R�%� �����5 $��2 ,�2���� � D , )-:��� �I� $���� ��# �! �;���� $ 2 ��+ ��A � ��� $-2 ��8-�� M)� ?� � ���0 >����10 , )-:�� &�� ��� '$2 "� � .����)3(.
" $8�� ��$�� ����8�� �� �� �H �� ��8� �)� �$ 4K� T��� �;���� �A� �0 T0 &$�)� �8 2�� .��+ ��� �2662 � ���� �����:�� ��$�� ����8�� � "$�8��� &$ $$�
&$��� "�+�0 � &$�:���� �+ � �,�� � !�!2827 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;�����$ $���� "5� �*� �K�82 �$����75F58 ����8��2 "���� �$-�� "5� 05F10 ]�X�� ��20F06F2005 �% )� G����� , 82��� &$�� ��+��� )� �82 �2 �
)1 (F �� 4��$ �0 ��8-)� �� D ,����2 �0 �:�2 �;��)� >���� ���0 &�� ��� ?� �)� '�$���� ,��� �� &$��� 6��2 &��8�� 3�!�� &�� ��� 9���$ ? �� �� '�$���� �$� 4K � 8�413 % ) �� � �
, �$�� .�'����� ����5FM���CF � $���� �%)2�8��524 ��A530 , ��$��� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �–� $-��� $-2F&�� ��� $�� ��� 9��$� &$ $��� ���*� 5� 9��$� V�-��� 4� 9��$ �#�. )2 (F "5� ���8�� �� '��8951 19 � ���2 �$����27F10F2000 8-�� ,��(�� ��� )-�� ,+���2 , �� .
������ 0$2�� :» , �)-��� ,;$�%�� &����� &�� ��� ���� 9$ &�%��� $8� �� ,������ ,��� �� �K�8�� 65�� "5� "����� � ���*� &$�)� �82� <2)2 ,2���� � D�83F352«.
)�H�� : ? " >2 ,��� �2001G �253(. )3 (– &$���827 ��$�� ����8�� � �T�;����.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
103
" $8�� ����8�� �� –����:��F)1(.
�0 �+ ����2A ��A �� �;�K5 6)� �� &�%��� $8� ��+ � ��X 3 � ��A G���=���T$�-�� '�K8�� &$�)� �8 2��511 , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �
, ��$��� �)� G�� ����: » M�*�2 ,8)-��� .������� �� T��8-�� "�8�� �H� , ��8-�� « ��#���+ �� G�=�0 �-� ��A �L0 �G�=�� ����8�� G�=�0 � 9��$��
G�=�� �# T��$�� '�K8�� �I� "�-�� ����8�� G�=�0 �25 � &�%��� $8� ��)2(.
8�� /������
���� �#-� �� P ���� �Q � �� ��� �#
����$ ��$� $-21989 �+������ e%��� �� )=�� ,����� >���� "�58�� � ,��� ��$�I2 ����� ��# <L�+� ���� � ���)����2 )�� e%��� (#0��% ����5
T��8-�� ����� "5�90F25 �� ]�X��18F11F1990F"���� �$-��F �0 "D��� =*� ����8�� �� ���� ����82 < �� �����8�� "�H���� ��8��� "��8�� $$� 3 �
,��$�� �=$� .��$0� �%����0 )�=2 , ��8-�� M�N� .�; %��� , )��� .�������, �-��. ��� �%� ������2�� ���:�� ���2�� � D� ��2�� �++ T��8-�� '����� �
)1 (–�H��: "5� M����� T������ ������4513 �� ]�X�� , )=�$��� , ����� �$-�� &���� � 209 ����1984 "5� "���)� �8 2�� '�� T���83F352 �� ]�X��21 F05F1983.
)2 (F "5� �#���5 �� >������ ,+� .)=$�� ,����� ��# �� ,��=�� ,%��� ��� ��+�A 45�73 ]�X�� ��21 F12F2008F ������ ����� �)� :» �8 !�� $8� ���2I2 � ��� G�=�� �# T��$�� '�K8��" $8�&�%� " � ���� &��$�� ��+� �$��«. )�H�� : �� )-�� ,+��� ,)�> G�=F>������ ,+�F ,�� �?;�!��� "�5 �2009 G �263(.
"5� �=C ���5 ���00095 �� ]�X31F01 F2011: » $8� ���20 �� ��:��2 G�= T��$�� '�K8��>����� �� ���� &��$�� ��+� �$�� &�%���«
)�H�� : ,�� �� )-�� ,+��� ,)�2011� >1 G �372(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
104
����8�� ��# �0 �A �����-��� ���:�� ��8-)� �% �� � $��0.
&��!�� 6��� �� � :+��� ����� �# ����8�� ��# �� ����2 )�� ����� ��2 ���= � , ������ ;���A �� ,��=�� , ��:�� , +))� T��8-�� '����� L< �#$�0� K��*� >���A �#�� X�� � )�*� �%+�� ,)*��%� @����� ( .�$�� L< ���!���
&�� ��� &$�%� !�$���� �� �!� � �%��2!A)�#� 8�� @�����.( >���� $�%� .�������=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� � 2� �� &�%��� $8� ;�(�I2 ��%� , ��:�� � � � �,
T��8-�� ? 8���� ���A �� , +)�� $�� )���)�8� 8�� @�����.(
*��%� @�����
E##��%� A-� � � R �� �$�%� / ��+
K�0 4���� �+ �)�*� M���� �� >���� ����� $8����� ���A �� .0, ������ &��!��� �� ��+ �0 , ����� T�;�)1(.) &$���76 ����� ����5 �
T��8-��(� �, � ����� &��!)� T$�- M�)� M��)� ��+ � �0� 4 ,)�- ��2I+A �-����#$-2 �0 , ����� � ����� 6�� ��2 ,2����2 �+� ,���)� �#�=7� "� &� =*�
8�� , -�� "$� 0$2 4 V5���� �%��+ ��2���� � -2 &��$��� ���.
K�0 V�-� V�0 �)� �)�*� M���� ���� "$� ����8�� ���� �+ �� �K��0 � $�:��� $5 ��+ � ��� �, �� , �� .�$��� T0 �)� �0 ,X��
)1 (F "5� , )-��� ,��:�� &���� .�$�0118 �� ,=�X��29 <��1992 "�+�*� .$$� ��������� ��%� , H����. ��# " �$� "�� "5� ��� 9�=72 , )-���157 �� ,=�X10F04F1993 �����
2����� �� ?��� "%� , �;����� , ����� ��$8: "�� ������ � ��� � �;����� �0 9��, "% K��0 >������2 . �K��*�2 � �-�� ,2��� , ��+A ��� �$��� 6�2 ?)(� ����0 4K� ����� ��# �0 �+���2 � $��� �+�
����� ���������� ��2A �% )� ��� 3 �, ���:�� ,�+��� �25 � ,2��� �� �K��*� ��# ���� �.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
105
, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ? 2�� ���A "5�87F19 �� ]�X��8 �2� $1987. .H��� $5 V�*� ��+� �0����:�� �%-2�� �)�. �% �A ?����� ?2� 9�=0 �����
?2���� 6)��� �� ��= � �� 0� T��� � ��(��� �T��8-�� ����� ����5 � $-�2 �0�+������ ����� .�� ������ M)� V-2 �� >����� ��(���� ��� �! �8�7�
M���� �� � ,-������ V�N� ��=���� M���� ���� "$� ��� �(�0 �+$��� �)�,��$�� � , �� .�...���.
&$��� .��+ ��A�81 "5� ����8�� �90F25 "� 8��2 �)�*� M���� .��0 $52������8�� ��# ���� , ����� �%�0 ,���� ��= >������� ,���� .�'���� ��$
���B� ��# "����� "$� �)� '��� T0 4K�� &$��� � $-� �I�81 &$��� �K�8211 *� � "5� �95F26 �� ]�X��25F09F1995 �)�� &$�� $ $� �)� G���5 4 � �= '���� , ����� M�*� �� @�$�� �#�. �% � '�� 3 �: » '�K8�� $-2�
�%2 6��� "� ���� �K��*� � ;�%� e$� ��%���� g )2��� ?�� �+ ��:����� ��*� ��#,��$)� ,��=�� M�*� �K �%2���0«)1( .�� "5� "����� �$� &$��� ��%� �8 2�
96F119 �� ]�X��6 � �201996 ?���� )�� �K� �0 6� � $ $���>������� 6)�2.
)1 (F .���� ��A V�*� >������ "$� �� �!� ���8- � D� �2 �D ���� � $-��� �� >���� �K05� ����8�� ���A �� ,��$)� M) V�*� �0 "D� �$ :���� �� � "$�8���2 �%2���+� ���� "71F73 �
"5� ����8�� ���A �� ��+�87F19 "5� ����8�� ���A �� �0 �83 F18. &$�� &$��8� �8 2��� ������2� �25 �0 �� �K� �"$�8���2 �%2���+� "$� &$��82 ,���� ,�-�� M�*� � V�*�� , ����� M�*�
T��8-�� ����� ����5 ��$�F�%����I2 �K8 T���F V�*� .��+ $8� $ :���� �� � ,)(��$��2� ��� � $�� � (� $ :���� ��%� �+ � ������2�. �� ,=�X�� , )-��� .�$� M���24 T�: �
1996 "5� .��80 &$��� ��# ,82�� "$� �)� .���)76 ��+ (��$�� ����8)� ,�-�� $���8)� T�;����� ) &$���831 &$��� �689 (M�0 T� $ .!�� '�K8�� "�0 �%8 2��� T$���� �)� ,��$��.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
106
�����#� 8�� @�
@� #�� @� A0 ? 0�+
&$��� 6��2 T�;����� >���� 3$����39 &$�%� T��8-�� ����� ����5 ��% )� ?)�0 � �� � �$�� �#�2��� ��" "&�� ��� &$�%�"� � ,���� ��� 4K��� � %��
�K��N� T��8-������ �� �%+� �� �)�%� +) .2!� .�$��� '�� �)� ,-5����������� �2����� � � 2+. � ,8)-��� .������� �� .�2!�� , )� �#�K�82 �%��
, ��8-�� &�� ���2)1(. &$��� �� G��39 �� ����� ����5 � T��8-�)� :» �+ �+ &$��� "�%: 6�� G=�823 "5� �*� �75F58 �� ]�X��26F09F1975
,-�8� � D� &��� , +) �#$�8� ���� "� ���� ,��=�� , +)�� �K��0 �� <�� �� � $�� �)� ��� �0 ,% 2� �% ��� � , �)�� ,;$�#�T &�� ��� &$�%� �� «)2(.
��= ��G��� ���0 &$��� ��+�20 � "5� "����� � �% ) �91F254 �� ]�X��27 � �� 1991 �% )��� &�� ��� &$�%� $�$�A .� : + $$� T���)3(� �I�
6� ,;$�# &�� � 6)��� �� ��8-)� ��;�� 6����� ��+ �0 �,�K�� , �)�� � ���2,%2� �%2�� �� , �. � �0� ���� &�� ���*� �)� ,�� &$�5)4( .� &�� � 6��� �0
)1 (F ��� ��+� ���8��� ��K� , ��:�� V��8�� ,�� � " �$� �� >���� ,) �� &�� ��� &$�%� �2�-��$�� ��� U����� 5��.
)2 (F T��� �#� 1�*� �# � =*� � 2-���� &��� &�� � � �$2 &��� , +) 1)�� >���� �-����8 &��2� �-��� T��� ����:�� G��� �2une possession continue �# ����:�� G��� �-2��
�� &$$��� , ����8�� ������ .���� �)+ ���;��� �2 ��8-�� M��� &�� ��� &$�%� 1�� �0 �8- �� ��*�����8�� ��#. ?����� �� T��8-�� ��%���� � ����� .� )+�� &�� ��� &$�%� 4K=�� $�$�A �% � "� "� ����
�K��*� 1�. �%���+ ,��=�� , +)�� '���A �#� &�� ��� &$�%�� &�%��� $8� � 2 M��� "��5 ,! ��AM�%���� ,K�� ��8���� &�$D .��+ �0 $-2 �%8���� ����.
)3 (– � @> 36 � ���2 �$����31 , ) ��1991. )4 (F���� �%����� ���� ,���� &$ �A "5� T� :���� "�91F254 &$�� 4 ,���8 ��$� &� �5 �2�-�
��$�� ����8�� �� ,������ T�;����� , +))� 6�+�� "$�8��� &��!�� &$��� �%�$$� �����827 �.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
107
G�= ��8� �)� 6����� , ����� M�N� 42�� � D T0. �+ 6� ��8-)� ��+ � �0��� $8� 6)��� ��� � 1� '���A �% � "� , $)2 6��� �� ��8-�� ��# 48 � �0
�K��*�� � >�� �0. ��� ,����� ��# �� �* T��8-�� ���$��M���� "��2� ��$-2 �+ ��8-�� 6���+� &�� ��� �)� $����� M��.
����� $-2�M)� ������� &�;�$ �� ��8-�� 48 ���� , $)2�� ��A 6)��� "$8 ,8�� ,K �� 6��2 �%����=� �� �!�� ?;�!��� � ,���2 ���� 1 ��� L$-
?�� "5� "�����2 ?�)�� @�����91F254 ��� �� 4 5 ,K �-�� 6���� $#���F �%�$� , � ���2 &�� ��� .2! F �,K �-�� 6���* , �$�� ,����� &$�%��
��� ��8-�� $�$� � 2 ��=-� -K�� ��)1(.
� &$� , �-�� , $)2�� �8 �� ?�) ���A ? �� �� 6)��� G=) ��� � -� 6)��� 6��� ,8:� �)� , ��� &$ �� ��� � �%�)2(. �2-��� <)��� < ;� �)��
T$)2�� , �%��� .� ��:�� T� $� , ����� M�N� �;���� � $�� "��A ���$2 ��= , $)2���15 T$)2�� �����2 6)��� >�$ � , ����� �� � "%;��C '�$2A ��0 � ���
.../...2R15 ,��. &$��� G� ��A $��� "����� ��# �0 H����413/1 , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �)$��� &524 , ��$��� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 � (��$0 L$�+ ,�� &$ � �2��� �% � '�� �����» 4�� ���
��8-� �� D ,����2 �0 �:�2 ��;�� ��+ � �%-�� ��� &�� ��� $�$���� 9��$ 9$� � � &�� ��� 9���$�8�� �%2�� � &��� , �)� �,;$�# ��� � .��+� T��8� �� � ?�� �0 , := � D� ,�5X � D� >�
�5*� �)� ,�� &$� &�� ��� ��# .�����«. )1 (F 3�2�� $�� �K��*� 1� ����0 "$8�� ���� � �%�� � &�� ��� &$�%� �0 ����� ��# � "%:
.���8-�� $�$� "��� . ��:���� ��$�%�� )+� $ $�� $-2 �A 2���� 1� � �&$�%��� >�K� ��8-��� '��2����� ��8-�� "��- � � 2 �.���8-�� �� � 2= �$- &�2= � �8� �)�� 8�� &�� ��� &$�%� 6���
&$��� �$+0 � ��#� �:)247 T��8-�� ����� ����5 � :» �)� ?2��� ���� , ����8�� , -K��� �:��0 ,2���2 ����8�� ��# �%��0 ���� &�� ��� &$�%�2 , �-�� .���8-�� � �+�� "�-�� �K��*� 1� $�$�A ��(�
"5� �*� 6��2 , �-�� , $)2�� �� T��8-�� �����75F74 �� ]�X��12 �2� $1975« �0 ��-2$���� >�K� ��8-��2 ,��=�� , ��8-�� ,5��2)� �� ��+ $���� ��# ��K.
)2 (–�H��: &$���8 "5� "����� �91 F254 �� ]�X�� :27 F07F1991.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
108
��-�� ��8-�� ��+ ��A � , �-�� , ����� M�N� , ��8-�� ,H:��� � @�= , ����2 ,��=���.
D ,��� ��� 1������ .�; %�� �0 G��=�� �� � '��� .�K������ 6�, �-��� �=7� ��$ T$)2�� �2-��� <)��� < ;� "�8 � &�� ��� &$�%� � ���2. �%�+�
T��8-�� ��%���� � ����� .�'���A "��A $-2 �A 6���)� ")�� �)1(. �� ��� 6�, ��+A �� ,)!��� , ����8�� �#��!C 8-�� ��(���2 >�:����� ���$A� ��� M�� �7+�
� .�� � �)� ������ � ?� ,�= �:��� �0 '��2�� ... ����&�� ��� &$�%� 6��2. �+�� .�; # &$;�:� ���*� ,��$�� � T��8� �#� 6 ��� �+ 8V�2( ���K
$*� ,) ����� ,������ V��8)� ) &$���44 "5� ����8�� �90F25( � �-2�������(����� >�:���� ?�2 ?)-� ��# �# < ��, +)�� ?�2� ��# �*� =*� �8�� "�
$-2 �;���� ��A)3( ) &$���42 "5� ����8�� �90F25.(
�����8�� &�82 ,!���� ��A �8��� �� �8� , �� &�� ��� &$�%�. ,!��� ��� �+��&����� � ��� � '�$�2� ,�� ��= �;����� � " $8� "%��2 &�� ��� &$�%� " )�� 6)
������ ��� M��2 ��)� � ��8-�� &�� � ��. �)� &$ $��� &�� ��� &$�%� $-�� <��0
)1 (F &$���15 "5� T� :���� "����� �91F254 :» 6��� ��A T$)2�� �2-��� <)��� < ;� ")� &�� ��� &$�%� T��8-�� �%���� � ����� .�'���A � :�� $-2 ,K �-��«.
)2 (F ,�� �� �#���5A "� &�� ��� &$�%� �0 "D�1990 M��2�� �0 �A �T��8-�� ����� ����5 6��2���, +)�� $8� �A V�8�� ) �� �28� � , �;��. ,�� �� �A &�� ��� &$�%�2 ������ "� "��2011
�����2 �8)-� �����2 ,�+��� .8)�0 ��600 � >���� ��# �2��� ��� �A ��: ��� �+��� � &$�� �0 ����� ,��:�� M�2 �-� � �#� �V��8�� �)� ������ �� ,2�-� .��+��� ��# �)� $�- , : ��� ,
&�� ��� &$�%� �� ��8-�� �#� �2�8 V��8�� 1�� , ����8�� ,8 !���. )3 (F ��A � 1� >���� �0 � �$2 �M���� ,)�- ��- �;���� �+� �, �� &�� ��� &$�%� �0 "D��
T��� ��8-�� �)� �#� 4 5��2 ����� &$��� �0 "D�884 �� ��$�� ����8�� � ��+ �0 ����� T�;�����#��� ��8-)� �+�� �#����.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
109
,!��)� "d)��� ,K �:�� , ��8-�� ,H����� �� �#�%�� �%) ��� $-2. ��0 �K8�� ��I�,���� .�'����� ��=�� ��$ ,����� &�() ������ &�� � &$�%� .�2���.
�;���� ,:� � 12� &�� ��� &$�%� � ")�� � �0 "$8� � "%: � ?�2 ������2�� ��A '��)�� ����8-�� ��� >����� ,��� �� '�K8. &�� ��� &$�%� " )�� ��!C ��
9$�� � �8�� 6�+�� "$�8���2 @������ , ��+A)1( . ?� �+6���)� &�� ��� &$�%��:�� ,5��2 �)� ������U)2(.
&�� ��� &$�%� �0 ��8�� ,��=�� �;���� �%��= � >���� ��- � �0 �)� �#� 4 5�� ?�+ M�� �)���8-��. V-2 � �� � &$�%��� ��# 9�=0 ,%� � �+�
4 2��+ .������� �,2%��� 5���� , ����� 3����. , +))� ,)5�� .����� �#�� ��%�� &� �=� ,�# ��!C .�� .������� '�(�A �)� ���� �%H ��A �8 8��� M���� �-�
&�� ��� &$�%�)3(� �;���� �%2 "�5 ���� .������� �L�� �I�� '��2� �#� ���� A�....���.
�82 � 1� $�� ��8-)� , ����8�� , -K��� , :�� �# &�� �� &$�%� �!0 "#0�28�� M)�)� ,) �� �%� ��K��*�� ��� &�%��� $8� �=2 M )� $�� �0 �� 0� T
)1 (F � ���2 , ���� &���� �� , )-� .�$�06F07F1994 1��� , )-2 ?)-��� �;���� �0 �)� .����� � &$ �� ?8���� "� � &�� ��� &$�%� �)�� ��- � $��2 , ��� ��� ��;�� �2�- �2 �;���� ,)�-"$�8���2 , +)�� 6���+� , ����8�� &$�� "�0 T���.
)2 (– �A &$���03 � ���2 T��2�� $ ���� ,��:�� &���� �� �$���� ���8�� �25 T�1996 T���, �%�� U�:�� ,5��2 @���� "%2 ,8)-��� .� ����� M�� � ��:�� � ��� .� : + $L$� � .���0
%� 6����U�:�� ,5��2 �)� ����)� ,��:�� ��� �� � ����� &�� ��� &$�. )3 (F,�8��2 6��� �0 &�� ��� &$�%� �)� '��2 �;��)� ��� )Le Partage( �>� ��� ,��� � @��=)�
" �8��� &$�%� �)� ������ � -� 3 � �,�8)� ,)2�5 V�*� ��+� �0 ,� �� )Certificat de
morcellemeent( �0V�N� , ��:�� ,%����2 �K " �8��� ��+ ��A� >� ��� ��+ ,����� ��# �:�T��2�A.
)�H�� : ���2 T$�)��(� , +)�� � %�� .� �C � G �?2�� 4�� �,��=�� , ��8-�98(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
110
����� �� .&$�%� �0 ��- � &�� ��� .�2!� $�� �# &�� ���� �%� &�%��� $8� �0, ��8-�� , +)�� .�2!� $��. '����� � %��� ,) �� �%��+ �� ��+��� �%�+���+�� $8�: T��� T��8-��� .�2!A .�$�� ��A� � ��!���� 4 ��� ������2�.
@������8� 8��
(� ���� &#���� � 6+ � �#-� �� ��� �#���� @�A0�� ��< ? ��+
&$��� ��= � &�%��� $8� '�(�A "� $8�19 "5� ����8�� �07F02 �� ]�X��27F02F2007)1( �% � '�� 3 � �8� � �K :» G����� .�'����� ? 2�� ���
"����� �� �% )�83F352 $� ,�$��� .�:)�� �)� ����8�� ��# ��� �25 � 8!��� 9, ���� &$ ���� ��« . &$��� 6��2 ��+� ����8�� ��%� 1 ���� '�(��� �024 � "5� T� :���� "�����08F147 �� ]�X��19F05 F2008 ? 8���� .� )-2 ?)-���
, +)�� .�$�� " )��� T��8-��)2(.
'�(�A �� 62����&�%��� $8� +�� � %��� , ��, ��8-�� , +)� .)-��� �%�0 �#, :�-� ,8 ��2� �A�, ��� � D .� )� , ���� � ,!���� V-2 '��5� �LA�
,+����� , )��� .����)� �0 ,��$� ,-2�� M�0 �)� '� ��� .� -K� , ��� �0)3( . ���� � 2 � &��:�� �0 �+2002 �2007 �% � .��+,2�� � ,������ � �K8��
�!� ,��$�� M�0 1��� ��7%)4( . , $�$� &��+��� 6�2�*� ��A �K &�� ��� &$�%�2 �-��,)���� � %��� $�%���, -K��� ���� , ��8-�� M�N� , ��8-��
)1 (– �� ,=�X � @28 T�: �2007 > �15. )2 (– �� ,=�X � @25 T�2008> �26. )3 (F V�� >��� 4��� "5� ����8�� 6�2�007F02 �� ]�X��07F02F2007 < �7� �K���
T��8-�� ? 8���� ? �� �� , +)�� .�$�� " )��� , ��8-�� , +)�� ?� ,� �-� '���A. )4 (– �H�� ���2 T$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� .� �C �129.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
111
4�$� �, +) .�$�� ��A $8�:� �K��N� "�-�� 1��� , )� ,)��)1(� �H �� � � �,��-� &�$7+ ��!���� $���� "�� � �, ������� , $���5�� , ��)� ��A '��)��
V��8��� &���K ������2� ��N� , ����8�� , -K��� ,��- .�$�� 3 � � , ��8-�� ,�%� +).
$5� .$$� $����2 �3 �4 "5� ����8�� �07F02 �� ]�X��27F02 F2007 �� , ��8-�� , +)�� ?� ,� �-� '���A < �7� �K��� �� , +)�� .�$�� " )�
T��8-�� ? 8���� ? �� �, +)�� $�� �)� ������ ��0 � ������ � ,����� ��+ �0 6� � �,��� � D , $)2 �� �-5�� ��8-��2 ��8-�� ��+ �0 �0 $�� �
�25 ��� , +) $��01F <��1961� � , ��8-�� M�N� 42�� $���� ��+ �0,��=��. .��+ ��A� ��# ��8-��2 ?)-�� ������� ,!� ����� 9�=0 &�� ���2 ?)-��.
>���� �*� 6�+�� "$�8���� &�� ��� "�%:2 ?)-� � � $ $�2 .7 "� M��� � �H �#��!C� �%����� &�� ��� "�%: $ $�� �� 4���� �# ��$�� ����8��.
�8-�� ? 8���� ? �� �� , +)�� ,� �- .�'���A 3 � � �0T�� , )-�� "���� �8 2���� "������ ���0 ��+��� ����8�� �#$L$� , ��� �0 , $�� .�'���� �8�� .
&$��� .�� 3 �10 �)� � =*� ��# � :» �� 3�2�� �� T��8-�� ? 8���� �!� �%-�� , ��8-�� , +)�� ?� $ $��� , ���K�� ?;�!��� �0 .�� ����� �0 .��)-��
�%����$� ,��$�� M�0� �K��*� 1�� T��8-�� H:��� 9��� �)� ��+�� � � ��6;��K���� �9�=0 1��� T0 9$� ,����� $��« . ,� �� , +)�� ?� .�2! $-2�
)1 (FA , �-�� .��)��� '��� "D� g)2� ���-�� M�2�� � V���5�� ��33 "�� ���$ �� )1992 � &$��� ,)��)�1990 ��A2008 1��� , )� U���A ��0 �� �A &� =*� ��# �0 <� "�9��
15 % , �D ��A �K��*� ��+ �2006. )�H�� : T$��)� �-�� $2�(� , +)�� .�$�� , ���� � %�� .� �C �� , ��8-� �?2�� 4�� �,��=�
G239(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
112
��%�A "� , ����8��� , $��� ,� �-�� $�� $�$�A� , ��8-�� ,H����� 9$� &��8�� ?�8���"�����2 ?���� @���)� �82� , +)�� "5� T� :����08 F147 ")� 6��� ��A
? 8����.
:� 8�� /����
�#<����� @��8�� 2��H E< �#�-�� " /�0 �� � �0��4#��# �#���� B�� �#C� �#���
�� ���
, ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� ��= � �� 0�� $�� $5 T�;����� >���� �0&�!����� , +)�� ��%: � 2. 6��2 ��#� G=� �� �!����� M���� $����
0$22 �� �$���"�%$= �� V�*�." "5� ����8�� ��$�2 �+�90F25 ?)-���T��8-�� �����2'��)�� "� � , ��:�� V�*� ��(���2 ?)-� � � ,�-�� $���8�� ��A.
���2�� ��(���� 6��� ��I�� 0 � � ()� K�0 "$8 �0 V�*� M��� �+ ���%��(���� ��(���� �# M��� � D���2��. '���� ,��+ K�0 M���� "$8 �7+
��(���� , ���K�� , ���� $����� " $8� �A 8��� �)� ��+ T��� � (�� 4 ,+��� �0�#X���A 4��� ,+���� �� ��2=� )� "$8 .
��:�� �K��*� ��� I2 ,8)-��� $���� V-2 $��� "D�� ����5 �� ,��=�� , T��8-�� ������ ��$�� ����8�� G��� ��A � �� �%H- �� �%�+�. &� =*� ��#�
�% � �H��� &$��A �H���� � ��+� ����5 �#��2� ���� , � ������� <+-� � �%�*T��8-�� ������ V�*� 0$2� <�+�� , ������ &��!�� ����5 �H �� .�$� �%��+
$= ���%3 � � ,��� )H �� , ��:�� .���� �� .��+)1( . ������ �) � ��
)1 (–�H�� : &$���692 &$���� ���$�� ����8�� �1 "5� �*� �71F73 , ������ &��!��2 ?)-���.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
113
, ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� 6��� , ��:�� , +)�� �)� &$����� $� 8�� � ���2���2,��=�� )@����� %�*��( '�K �)� ,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A "�+�0 "!
T��8-�� ����� ����5 � 2 &�!-2�� G����� ��$�� ����8���)@����� ���#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
�#���� �$��%� ������ 2���
<���� ,�� 9$� &������ &�+:�� �A� �;����� ��2��� �)�,��$ .�� , ��� .��$5.� ;����� �%2�+� ,-����� , ��:�� �K��*� ���� 3 � �. , ������ ,����� �0 �A
� �!+72 .K:=�� $560%)1( ��8���� ��� '� ���� � ��� "! ,)���� <:� ��� �� $ �� ,��� �)�150.000 , )��� ?����� �� , ��:�� �K��*� ��
'��2�� >��5 1���� �%� �=�� . &$���2 >���� �=$� 4K��� ��# "�048 ����5 ��%L�� ��B� T��8-�� ����� » ��:�� �K��*� ��!��� "$� �+� �� � :�-� �-� ,
�H� ?��� ��-���� ��%2 ,����� , ������ ,: H���� , $���5�� , #*� ��A �)-:�� ��!���� �+�2 ����� ��# ��� �K��*� ����2��� �2��� ���2�� � D �0
T��- �0 �- 2� G=� �+ �)�� �#�;�� �0 , ��8� , � � ?�8�� M�� �+ �)��� M�� &�� � <�� �«.
G)=�� � �� �!� , ��:�� , ��8-�� , +)�� �)� $ 5 $��� G��� ��#�%+�� �0 �#�;�� �� � �%��(��� , ���A. � D �0 ���2 ��(���� ��+ '���
��$ �� �� ������ '�:�+�� ? 8�� �#� �K��*� ��%� , ������ ,: H�)� ��H� ����2(����;�. �+� �"$� 2 "������ ��%$ 8�� ?��� ��-��� �� �:�-�� 5�� )� 6��� 4
)1 (–�H�� : ,��)� ���A( G �?2�� 4�� �289.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
114
��� $5 , ��5 .�'��� ?��� ��# ��$8� L$� ��A)1(. �5�= V-2�� ��2��� � �#�, +)�� ?� ��� ���� , ����$�� $���8)�� ��-� ����� �)� $� 5 4K�2 4 ���)�
�(�A < �� M���� .��)�;��� �%� +����� ����5 �� ��+� �# �T��8-�� .
.2! ��A T��8-�� ����� ����5 "�%: 6�� ,)(�� � D , ��:�� V�*� �2�-��� ���� � ��� � �� &$� � )-� � ��� ��(��� �(��� "� �%�0 , �)� &�%�2. "� �
��� ,��= &$�- ,; # �� � ��(���� "$� ,� �-" ��(��� "$� .�2!A ,�����:�� �K��*�, " "5� T� :���� "����� 6��2 ,)+���97F484 �� ]�X��15 F
12F1997)2(.
��(���� "$� .�2! � ,��)�� ��# .88�� ��I�� ���2 "�8� ����A �!��)� &$ ��= V�*� ��(��� �7�� �6 �%�0� ,�� &$ ��!��� "$� ��� �� �%� �K�
.�����A ? �� �� &$���. B� .K8�� ��I� "$� �� �!���� ����� &$$��� ���, ��:�� �K��*� ��(���� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� g )2�2 ,��)�� "�8�� �#�
&$��� �� �% )� G����� .�'����� ? 2��2 ,��=�� ,%���51 ����� ����5 �T��8-��. 3 �<�� ��� $�� '����� 4 5�� ,��� �� ,��$)� ,-:��� ?� �� � =*�
�K��*� , �� ��A $%� , ��$A ,-:� �#� �, ��:�� �K��*� 4 2 �#� ���0 &$��� , ������ ,: H�)� �%;�$0 ��K� �#��-�72 .�2��K��� .�2����� � , ��:��
�%2 ,����� , $���5���.
)1 (F &$��� 6�� .�'����� ��# �!��51 �(���� � � V�*� 4K� �� T��8-�� ����� ����5 � �0 ��$� ,2�= �0 ,2�= .��+ ��A �%- 2 �0 � �7�)� �%K��.
)2 (– ,��� � @1997 > �83.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
115
�#� 8�� @�����
�� ��� �#���� �$��%� � �#+ � -)
��� �� $8-� �A, = ����� ����� ���:��)1(�� $8� � $�8� �)2�2�� 4���� �2���� ,- �� ��= � , ��:�� '��+��� T�+�� � �+ .������� ?�8� ,� 2
�0 62�2 &��+�� � -�� ��K� ,��� �� T��+�� , ��X�� '��+�� &��0� T��+���&�#�8�� &�8�� �-:2. .�� � M�� �� )� &$���44 � �2���� ,- �� :» ��A
&$� ��2 �8� ��� ��7���3 ��� >�� "�� <��8� �+�� ���� .����8 �:� �� !�� � �8��� � ��=0 "H� �0 )� ,-2���� ,���� $ -� �8��� 6��� ��A«. G���
&$���45 � :»�� � '�� '�8� U�:� )8� ��� ���0 ��A( �8��� 6��� ")���� ,)$-2� )8� ,�� �)� 48� &���=�� �I� ��K :�� 2�= �0 �8��� � ���*� .�$ M���$�� U�:��«. '��+�� $�8� ��A '��)�� ��+ , ��2�� &��K��� � ��� ��A �H���2 ��A
�+2 .5� �� "� ���:��.
�� 4���� �� �+�� M)�� $%� �:� ���:�� '��+�� $�8� " $8�� T G ��=�2) &��*�11 (� � "�502 , ���� ,�I L$� "� :�� ,8�� �� �K��*� >��5
T��� � %��� ,���� .������2 � ��:��� ����5 �0 ��!��2�� ��8 �"G ��=�2 "�2���� ����5 ���� � '��+��� 4 2)� ,H��� "�+�*� � $ $-�� �=0 ���
��#����...���.
�$2 �� � ���� �-�� ��+ $8� ������� 4���� �L0 $ 2-�� � (�� �)� $�- � ������ ,������ ��� .��+ ���� "���� )� �� � 1 �)� , � $�� " ��-��� �0 � D
$ 2-�� � ��� ��A ��$�� $*� ,) �� .��+� , ��:�� '��+�� $�8� ��%H ��A .$0
)1 (–�H�� : .�2��2)$�(�f+�� �, ��:�� �K��*� T��+� , ����8�� , ���� � ,5������ ,-2��� �, �����1997 G �23.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
116
T��+�� ��+� ������� ,82�)�� .� �2��� ��� 0'�$ &��*�, ��:�� .
0��� �� �8� , ���� ,- �$ ���:�� '��+�� , ���� ��� '�%8:�� )�=�. ������ ��8� $8-�� ��# ,�� ��A "%� ,)5 6#���: » �0 �%��� )� V�0 � .��+ �
K�0 M� )� �20 �I� ��=0 �%�� �«)1( . s� ���� "+� �-� � 1����� T0��� �0� ,� $�� ��A &��%�� $-2 ���*� &��:��2 ��5X� , ������ ��H�� .��+ 3 �
� � 2� �� '��+�� 4� "��� , $���5����=� � )���� "%� 2 ��! �� &$� ��. ���"%� �5��� '��8:�� $��� ��*� .�8���� ������ U�20� �#� �7� �K��*� 6���*
"#� (�.
&$��� �0 $�� T�;����� 4 ����� �� ���:�� ��� �� $8-� ,2����2�324 ��+����� �+��� �� ��2A �)� .�� $5 ��$�� ����8�� � . &$��� �+�53 ����5 �
,�-�� $���8�� �� .��= T��8-�� ������ �%��8 ���� �+� �� ��2I2 .��� :», ��� $�8� �+� �� ���:�� ��� �� $�8� ���� �0 �+ �«.
����*� 9� � �����)= $)2( ��= � , �(�� �0 ,�-�� $���8�� �� >���� @, ��:�� .���8-�� ���$� � %�� �#� �;�� � +�� ��(���� � � �%-K� � �%
�#��!��� , 5��� ���:��. � ,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� �0 ���� T0��� 8���� ���� ,28��� �� �;����� �%�!�� ����� , +)�� .�$��� �%��$8� ,)+� � �+�� ����
����K��N� "�-�� 1��� .� )� "$8� "$�� , ��-�.
"�-�� $ 8 G�=�� &$��8� �82��� "H��� ����8�� �# T��8-�� ����� ����5 �*����:�� ��8-)�� �+� �� ���� , ��:�� ��� �� $�8� M��2 12������� � �#�
� ���2 � )-�� ,+��� �� �$���� ���8�� �$+025F02F2004 5� ) "258049�
)1 (F G �T��=2�� 1 ��217. )2 (–�H�� : ���)=)$ ��(� �� � �T�;����� ����8�� �� ��$�� �� ��;����� G �, ��$)=�� ��$95.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
117
� '�� 3 � :»&�K5 �0 3 � �=0 >�K��� ��7 �*� "�$�� ����8�� ? 2�� �� � ���2 "�2 ����� ��� A $8-2 ?)-� 22 �2�2�1991 ��2A ��+�� � ��+�
&$��� .� K�8� �8 2�� ���� $8� 6��253 &�K8�� �I� )�� ��$�� ����8�� � &$��� ? 2�� �� ��;�=0324 ��+1 &$���� ��$�� ����8�� �53 "5� ����8�� �
40F25 8�2 �*� � -� �0� ���0 � ��+���V "#���5...« )1(.
&$��� .��+ ��A�53 ��� A $�8� "��2A � �� T��8-�� ����� ����5 ����� �+� �� , ��:�� �K��*�� &$��� �0 $��55 �)� G�� ����8�� <:� � :
» ���� , �� $�8� �+� �� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� 6��� ���� , ��8-�� .��-�� � (� ��A T$X� �� ��!���� �K��*� , )2�82 ���K .��-�� ��# ?�)� �0 6� � ����� < �8 4 �%��2 V��-�� $5 �K��0 � �+� �� 62��� �� , ��:�� �%�%��
���2� T��8-��«.
�0 � ;$2 H��� &$���55 &$��� "�+�0 4 V5����53 �� , ���� ����� �%�*, ��:�� �K��*� �)� ,2���� .��-��� �0 � 2� ����:�� G��� ��A >�����2 �+�
, ��8-�� .��-��2 $��8��� ���*� )�=� , +))� ,)5���� .��-�� M)� �#, ��:�� .���8-�� ,;��� ��A ,�$�%��� ����� ���:�� ��� �� "�%: �� �=$� �
&$��� �� )� G�����53�% � '�� 3 � � : « les mutation foncière sur les terres agricoles sont réalisées en la forme d’actes
authentique… » �, �=� .������� ?�8� �� $���� ��� �� $8� �0 "D�)2( .� �+H 9���$�� � ,8)-���, �=� 9���$ $�� 2� &$��� �� G� >���� �+�17 "5� �*� �
74F75 �� ]�X��12 �2���1�975 < �7�� "�-�� �K��*� 1� $�$�I2 ?)-���
)1 (F ,��� ? "2004 >1 G �?;�!��� "�5224. )2 (–�H�� : < �)����( G �?2�� 4�� �305 .
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
118
�)� �T��8-�� ����� :»...�A ��� ��.� � 2 �!0 �%� ��+ � ,�� &��� ���!� &$� "$� ,��� �� � (�� ����� �%2 e�� �� ���*� "�+�0 &���� 4 M��� �#��%�A
&$���165 "5� �*� �71F73 �� ]�X��08 �2���1971 &��!�� �K���, ������«)1(.
&$��� �0 �����17 �+ �0 ��- ��%� �.���� �� � �� - ���� $$�� "� �� �%�$ $ �� ���� , ��:�� �% � �2 .���� ��12 ,�� �%��� ,2��� ��+�. +� ��
&$��� � $-� >����2 �$� 53 , ���� ������2 T��8-�� ����� ����5 � ��$ ?�:� ���� .���� ���%� 12 ,���� &$��� G� 4 ?����17 ���0.
� �� '��� &$��54 T��8-�� ����� ����5 �» �� �A ���:�� � �7��� ��� � &$��� "�+�0 ���A �� M��� f8�� ����505 "5� �*� �75F58 �� ]�X��
26 ,�� �2�2�1975 ���0 ��+���. ���0 , �2�� � D 9�=*� .����� 4 � ��� $8-�� ��+ ���2 $�� �!*� "« . , ��:�� V�*� �(��� ��� � ��)��7���� (
�)�*� ��X�� ��I2 ��� , ��:�� V�*� � �7�.
�� 8�� :" ��
#���� �$��%��#�=��� �
,��= , -K�2 �;����� �� , :5��� M�*� .���� ,%� ���=7� ������, ��8-�� &��!�� ��%2� � 2+ '�� >� K ��A 9$0 ��%�� ����:�� ������ ��2A '���
��8���� $-2 ,��$�� M�0 ��A �%K ,� �� �0� �+������ ����� �H ��. ,%� ��
)1 (– &$���165 6��2 , ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� '�(�A $-2 �%������ ��� M��# $- "� &��+�����5T��8-�� ����� ��.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
119
%������� ,2�-� 9�=0 �8 2�� �T��8-�� ����� ����8�� .�$�� 6� D 62�2�%H-. ��$� $-2� ����$1989 �� �)=���� e%��� �+������� L$� >���� ����
�%� , ��:�� �K��*� � � � M�*� ��%� ��2���� . �� �)�� � ��#� �������%2 �8�� T��8� ��+� , ����� , ��8-�� M�*� 6��� ��A , ��8-�� M�*��
,��=��)�� &$�23 T��8-�� ����� ����5 � ( �%��(��� " H�� ��= � ��+�2� , 8 2���� " ������ "���� �L$-�� �5�*� ����5 6��. ���� ������ �) � ��
� , ��:�� �K��*� ,��+� �;����� �� 5��� "�H�)�� 2�6 %���(. ������ "! , : +, :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� )�� 2�6 ��� 8�(.
��%� 2�6 ��
���� � 5=��� � �� �G�6�4� �#���� �$��%� �� - � ���
M�� �+ �)� ����8�� &�82 �2��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��!��� � >���� �-��#�;�� �0 , ��8� , � � ?�8�� .�� �K��*� ��(���2 "������ L$- , :5��� , ��:��
$�$��� ,����� , ������ , : H���� , $���5�� , #N�2�K��*� ��%� �! �%)!, ��:�� �K��*� � ���*� �5�2� � :�-� �-� �%��(��� "$� >���� �2��� �����
?��� ��-��� ��. � D " ������ �5�*� ����5 "�+�0 � ��!��� >L���� �0� :����,L��=�� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� � , . F�� 2 ��7 � �+F �0 ��- �
,�-�� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� 6���� ������$. �����8�� <��*� ,��-����(��� ��# ��(���� ��# ,- 2�� �K��*�� 5��� �-� ��0 �(2� � �� 2
, = ����� ���0)��%� /����( H�� "! ������2� � �5�*� ����5 ��$� $-2� �25 �)� �-��� " H���� ��# � , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ,��+)�� 8�� /����(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
120
��%� /����
4� �#�#� ��� ���%�� 5=��� 5#���
���� '��� $� �)� , 2L�(��� , ���� ��$�� .�-�� �� 5��� "�%: . � D%: �0��� 4���� �� 6�D , = ��� ��H� T�;���. ��# 4 ��-��� ��� ")�
�%2 ��%�� � , ��8!� , $���5�� , ����� 4��� � ����+ �� T� ��� $���� . �0 �2�=7� .5� �� d�A ��� H�� � ���82 �H� "�� � 9�=*� ���*�2 ,���8
, ��8-�� M�*� . 5��� �-� ������ �) � ��)����� @%�*��( , = ����� ���*�� �)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
5=��� 5#���
,(� 5���: � 5� ,; $� ,)+ .:5�0� �:5� 8 5� )-�� <2��� ���- �5�)�" 5� "��-:�� "�� &$��A� �$��� ?��A 6�2 � �$���2 , ��)1(. �0������)2(: "��� ��-�"�-��� ,: �� �20�" �72<2� 5��� M�� "+� �)� � -��
L�2�� ,%� �)� ,-:���2 ?$�����)3( ., +���� .�: �-� ��� �-�",��� �2�" 5�)�
)1 (– < ���� �H��)$� �2 �� )� �2 1���( ��L� ��$ ���L� ������ 8:�� �� �+��� $8� "�+�0 � G �4 ������ ���)�1.
)2 (F ��=� �-2� )�= .�: �-� ����-� ������� U����� �� 5���2 $���� ��� '�%8:�� )�=���� 3 � � 5��� �� "%2#����� "$�� 5��� "� � ,2�8�� �������� $-2 � -)� ,+���� ,%����
�%:5�� ��8�A �0 $8� 5��� �#�. �27+ , %8:�� 6#���� ,;0 ��A 6��� 5��� .�: �-� �0 � "DL���2�M��� �2�� �2 $�0� �-������ ,: ��� .�$� $5 .�: �-��� ��# ��+� �0 T���K�� � < � �0 �A
2 "%�&���� � ���� � �� �0 � ���� ,D� � � ��+� �0 ����� ��. )3 (– �H�� : &���+)$�( ������ ,��2�)� 9$%�� ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� 4 ����� �� "�-�� 5��� �
�4 ������2006� G12.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
121
&L$ '�� ,-:� '���A �72 �$���� 8� ��� �- M) �� �#X�82 ���$�� )1( . �+2 4:���� �� ����� ?)� M�� < 2�� �72 5��� �- � 82 4 4�82 � � '�
�25� �� �� D� 5���� ���. ��A� ���-� s� ��A �2�8� L�2�� ,%� ��A - � �� , -������ ,)2����� 6#� �-��� ��#)2(.
&$��� ��= � 5�)� �-� �L�0 $�� $8� T�;����� �-K��� ����8�� �� �L0213 "5� ����8�� �84F11 �� ]�X��09F06 F1984 �K��� &��*� ����5
T�;�����)3( F"���� �L$-��F �- �)� G=� T* M)��� �� ���� <2� �72 ��� ������ $ 7��� �� . &$��� ���� "!31 "5� ����8�� �90F25 �� ]�X��18F
11F1990 T��8-�� ����� �K��� F"���� �$-��F ��B� ����� �)� :»� M�*� M�*� �# , :5��� �;�$ �%2 4���� �-� � �$��A V�2 �%+�� �%�2� ���� , ��8-�
4:���2 ,�� ,-:� .�� , -� �0 , � = , -�'��� 4���� ��# ��+ ��� $�� �0 ���+��� M���� "%� - T��� '������ � ���� &���« . "5� �5�*� ����5 ��$�2�
91F10 �� ]�X��27F04 F1991 F"���� �$-��F)4( � ,!��!�� &$��� ���� �)� �0 '��8:�� �)� ,-:���2 ?$����� $ 7��� �� �)� M)��� �� � -�� <2� �72
�� ���� � ���2 � =���)5(.
)1 (–�H�� : ,�+�)T�2� $ -�(��� ���)� <;�:��� ��$ ��$�*� ������ 5��� � G �4 ���33. )2 (–�H�� : &�K8��)��� " �+�� $2� ( �����8��� ,- ���� � 2 ,���8 , %8�� , ����5 ,���$ � 5��� "�+�0 �
��$�*� �4 ������ ���)� ,��8!�� ��$2001 G �43. )3 (– � @ . ,���1984 �> 24. )4 (F �� ,=�X �� @08F05F1991 �> 21. )5 (F � >���� ?��� "� ���� $���� 4 � >���� �(�0 3 � �G�=�� 5��� ��A �-��� ��# ��=
H��)7F19F22F47 ( "5� ����8�� �91F10 &$��� 6��206 "5� ����8�� �10F02 �� ]�X��14 �2� $2002 ) � @�� ,=�X 15 �2� $ 2002 �> 83 (&$��� .�L$� �+06 "5� ����8�� �91F10 .��+ ����G�=� "�� ��A 5��� "�8�� 5�� � - �� � $$� 5� ��A �8� .����
� =�� �� � �- � .,�-�� �5�*� ����82 ���-� V-2�� ��� ���.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
122
T�;����� >���� �0 H��� ��A 5�)� �+���� 6#��� �-� 4 ?:� �� �;����� �� $;���� 6#��� �# �0 "D�. � 6#��� ��%� �)� 5��� ��+ �0 ����
$ 7��� ��� 0 &$��� �28 "5� �5�*� ����5 �91F10 �0 �)� G��� ��2�$$� ��+ ��A 5��� ��2 . ��A , :����� , -����� � '�%8:�� ��%� 6#� � � ��
7��� ������2 5��� ,( � �� $ t &$2 ��5X ��+ ��A "#$�� $8-� � T0� 5��� �*+ � >��"��$�� ��# 4 V5��� � 57�� ,;�$ ?$� ��. ;��� ?���� T��� T0��� �#�
T�;����� >����. 5��� . 57� �� , +���� ,�� �0�� �+�� � >�2� � =*� ��# �0 6�� � G����� �� < � �0� ��5X ��� �I� �$2X >�2��� ��� �+� 5$��
7���2$ )1(.
��� ��= � �K 0 H�� � �5�*� ����5 '��8 . �=0 $5 T�;����� >���� �0���-� s� M) "+� �)� �#X�82� ,��5��� � -�� , +) ��8�A �#$�:� ��8��� , �H�2.
5�)� , ��2���� , �=��� �� e�� � �#� . "��� �%2 �=0 ���� , �H��� �#�,: �� �20 "��� 6��� ����� �2 $�� �-�����. �� 3 �. &$���17 ����5 �
�)� �5�*� :» 5���� , +) ?� ��� 5��� 1� ��A « &$��� G���05 �<:� ����8�� �)�»�� , �=���2 4�� � � ��2���� �� � - 2��� G�=�N� �+) < � 5�
�#� :��� 5���� &$��A "����� �)� ,��$�� �%��� , ��-��«.
�-� ��= �� 5��� �� '��8����T�;����� �5�*� ����5 G�� 1K� �0���2� $8� 5���)2( . ��A 5���� � ,��5��� � -��2 >�:���� ?� �8�� 3 �
)1 (–�H�� : &�K8�� " �+�� $2�)��� ( G �?2�� 4�� �93. )2 (F &$��� G��4 "5� ����8�� �91F10 �)� "���� �$-�� :»�� �� �$�� >�2� "����� $8� 5�
&$�:� &$��A«. K�� &$���11 � �� <:��)� ����8 :» �0 ��8� �0 ���8� 5��� �� ��+ ,-:�....«. >�2� �0 ��� �+ ����:��� �0 ,25� , ��:�� V�*�2 5���� >�2� �0 ��� )� '��2�
,25��� , +)2 H:�� � �%�-:�2� ������ ��)+ ���3 � >�:���� ?� �A )� �5��� M) � �.../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
123
'�(�2� �2�8 ��$ )� �5������ �� s� ���. >�2��� �0� @��= >�2��� $ : >�2��� � �:5��� M)��F 5����F �2� � '���� �)� ���)� �+)1( . 1K� �+ �0
� ?����� G=��� �� ��8���� "�� �8�� T��- G=� 5���)2( $8� �0� � 5��� �#�)+� $8�� &$��� G�� 3 �41 "5� ����8�� �91F10 F �$-��"����F » 1����� 9$� )�� �0� ?!��� 9$� $8-2 :5� $ 8 �0 5���� �)� 6� ��,:)+ 2!A " $8�2 ,�)�� T��8-�� �����22 � .�M�� ,�)��� ��A � ,=�� ,���A�
�5�*�2 ,:)+��«. &$��� .���44 ����8�� <:� � , :5��� M�*� '�:�A �)� L�2�� ���0 � �� �%��+� 9�=*� "������ 6;��K��� � ����� "��� � ,�-��
� =��� . �0 �+���2 � $���� 5��� ��:�� ��� , )+���� �� ,) �� �%�0 �+ � T0 � � �$+X� � ��#� �'�$��� &$���35 ����8�� � ����0��% � '�� ����: » 5��� .2!
, ����8��� , ����� .�2!�� ?�� 4 �2«.
&$��� �*�23 ����5 � �5�*� .�� ��0 �� ����� ���� "$� �)� ����� .�:� � ,:� T72 2 4:���� �:5��� M)��� &$��8� �8 2��� ��� � �
.../... &$��� .��18 ����8�� <:� � �)�» )�� ���� � � ,��5��� � -��2 4:���� ?� ���� , +) ?� � >�:��� ?� 8�� )� � D ��(��� �%��(���«.
)1 (F &$��� �$+0 � ��#17 ���0 ����8�� � : »� 1� ��A ?� ��X � 5���� , +) ?� ��� 5������� 5��� "�+�0 $�$� �� )� �5��� ��A >�:����«.
)2 (F &$��� G��05 ���0 ����8�� � :» 4�� � � ��2���� �� � - 2��� G�=�N� �+) < � 5����#� :��� 5���� &$��A "����� �)� ,��$�� �%��� , ��-�� , �=���2« .6��� � , �=��� .�2! �)�
�% )� .�� ����� "�� ��2 , ��-�� , �=��� �� 6���� ���� �%��� �# ,�# e;��� 5�)� , ��-�� &$���50 �%��82 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� � :» �%� ��+ � �A ?�8��� 4 �2 T��2���� G=��� 4��
$8� �%� - ���� $�$��� �� M��� ������ ,:�� ��� ����8�� �#��8 ���� �0 �#'���A: F�%���$A �+� � $�� T��� ��+�� �#� ���. F�%�$��A �� �2- 6;��. F�K�8��� ?�«.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
124
�I� �"$�8���2 2�+ ��� � � ����� "$�8���2 �%2�+ ��� � , :5��� M�*�. �+� � )� �I�"H- $�8��� ��# M�*� �%��2!A .�$���� �%� � !+�� , +) 6���+� ��A 9$0
�8 2�� �"$�8���2 "5� "����� "�+�*83F352 �� ]�X��21F05F1983� T����'���A $$� �%��� $8� $�$�A� 6�+�� "$�8��� .�2!A .& , +)��2 ������ �K���.
�=���2 -��� 5�)� T$2*� 42���� ��+ ��A�, , ��+A "$� �K�8 , ��-����)-�� $���� �� - 2� )� ������ &$��� �� ���0 T�;����� >���� �I�21 �
�)� � :���� �5�*� ����5?� )� �5��� �- � �0 �5��� ���� ,-:� �� ��2(��82 ,) :» T��� �!�� ��� �8� ,-:��� �� �;�$)� ���K 4:���� ,�� �-� ���
)� $�- «.
@������#� 8��
5=��� �#�#� ��� ���%�
5��� � �; � "���� �25 , ��2�� .��� $8�� �! $� ,:��+�� ��!B� .d�$ $8��*� �0 �� ��� 2+�� �K��& �)� $��� .��+���2�8��� $2�-� �)� �%- � ��
A�% � �;�-��� ,�5A� �%��%+ �)� ?�:�J�� �%��� . ��(2 '�$8�� �� ���� ��+�&$ -� &�=C ���K ��� "%�%�C � 6�8��� . ���!�� < �� �0 �� � ��� �+� �
1�"2-$ < �� "��� " ����� .�� ,-��� �+�0 ��A �� �*� ��# , +) �8�� , )+ <���� � � 2+ 4� "�0 $2-��)1(. �� �� �+� 5��� ���� �� ����� 6�� �A
�� �����2A� ���0��5 � :» ,�5� G�= �L� $2�-��+ ,�$8�� '� �*� �A
)1(–�H�� : �+ )T$#� (����2� �����8��� ,- ���� �� 5��� G ������� ,��2�)� , 2�-�� ,K%��� ��$108.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
125
�0 >�2� �0 ���� � , � $�� �;�-��� $�0 �%+)� �0 ��� �� �#��«)1( .� �L� M� ������ $%� �� 7�� $5 "���� �� 5��� �0 �� ��0 ,+2 "����� s� . 2 ��+�
��� �� ��8� 5� :{f���g��h��i��kj����ml����n��oz ] , B�96
���� �C &��� � .[
5�)� , $���5��� , ������ $;��:�� , 2�(�� ��$�� .+�$0 $8��� �)� .-�����N� ���*� G �=��2 �� � .��+� , � =�� �� �� � �� � 3��!�� >��8
��+���� G�=�� � ���8��� , ����8��� , ��$��� , 2 �K�� � ���� ����)2(. , ���� ��$�� �� ��8�� �=$�� &$� � $�� �)� &�+���� , ���� ��=� ��H��� $8�
� -2� �� &$���� "*� .�$�2� � ��-�� ��8�� .�� � 1)�",�$���� , ����" T���,; 2�� , ��� , ������ , ����� , $���5�� , ���� � �+ �K�� . 5��� ?2� $5�
- ����� �����A� �H�2 ������ ��8�� �� �7�� �� T����� ���$�17 T$� ���� "�%:�� ��#3 $�)3(.
)1 (– �H�� : 6���)� �-�� $2� "��5 (��� ��, �$�+��� �&��K�� '��2� &��$A� $���5� ����� 5 �&$ $��� ,-���� ��$2011 G �100.
)2 ( F �)� �5�*� �� ������� ����� .$%� �+ <;��+��� $2�-�� �)� 5��� &�+� ���*� $�� .����� ��8�� �� .)� �%�0 ��� .� :������ <��$��� ������ &$�2-�� ��$16 ! ����� ����� ,��� 3)
)�H�� : &�K8�� )��� " �+�� $2� ( G �?2�� 4�� �31(. )3 (F ,�$���� , ����2 � ��� �- �� 5��� "�H� <�0)"��%+��� ��X 6�8�0 �� �%� U�� ��0 ��+ �����
,; 2��� , ��)� &$���� "*� ,��� ,D� � �� �$��� �� �$=��� >�� 3 � ����� .��"��M����� ��)28" ) (Our Commun Futur� .���!�� , ��� ,; 2�� , �� $�� �%�%: 8 � ����� �$�-�� 4 ����� �K 0 ��- �2
4���� _$�2� " 5� ,�$���� ����� �+ �0 5��� ?;�!� �$�� �4���� �=�$ .���!�� M)�� . ����� �$�$���� ����� 5��� �� &$��� '��8:��"$8�� �
)�H�0: 6���)"��5 � �-�� $2� ( G �?2�� 4�� �91(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
126
�� 8�� /����
���� � 5=��� �#�����"� �"= ��� 5 =�%� E�� = ����
��8�� ��15 ����� "��-�� ,��� �)� $L$�� , ��!-�� ,��L$��� T$� �%��- ��� ,82� �2�-���. ,- ���� � �+�0 $��� .��+ $8� 5��� "�H�� ,2����2�
�:���� 6#��� ,82� , ����)1( .&��:�� M)� �%�$%� ���� �5�*� "#0 ��� �5�0�����K��*�� $�� �)� ��������� �;���)� ����:�� ��-���� ��=$2 �0 �A
, �2��� .�+)��� �% � �2 .�+)���)2(� .��+ $8� �&��:�� M)� �� 5��� "�H� ����#L$�0 �)� �;����� �� "���� �!* <���� ���� , )�. � 2 $��� 5�)� $- "��
�� �H �� , ��8-�� , +)�� ���0����:�� "�H�. �5�*� " H�� ������ �) � ����8���� $-2 , �;������ " �8� ����=� "� 3 �� �)�� ��A &��:�� ��# �# � ,)��
�5�N� ����5 ��$� �25)*��%� @�����(I ��$� $-2 � ,)���� )�#� 8�� @�����.(
)1( F �# �+���� 6#��� ��+� , ���� ,- ��)� ,-K�= ���*� , ���� .����:�� �� �;����� �� �5�*� .��+
$;���� . , +���� �%2 "%�)� ���� $� 8�� � ���)=� M���*� '��2�)��28�� ���� &�� ��� ��� (� $ 27� 0$22 ��)-��2A $-2 )� ���� "$�� 5���
)�H�� : � K�2)?����� $2�(����8��� ����� 8:�� �� �#��!��� �2�� 5��� ���0 &��$A �F �,���8 ,���$ �9$%�� ��$ �,) ) � �2010 G �25(.
)2( F � 90�� �;����� �� �5�N� $ $��� ������� ����:�� �-���� H�� , ��� ���� �� � �5�- &�!� ���� 2�$��� � ,��� ��= � � � �$� ;�(�A �)� �-�:
F �� ]�X�� ���8��08 �2� $1830 �:H� M�0 �)� �������� �� ?��� , ���:�� , �+�-�� .��)�)� ��= � ���� �5�0 ,��X� ,-2���� �5�*� V-2� �� �*� V-2� , +���� &��$�� @����� ���8�� ��# V�-� $5�
,� $�� �� �0� �� $�� ���� �� � � 2+. F ��="�$��� � "F,��$�� M�* "�-�� � $�� F � ���225 �2��+01832 .�� �5�*� 4K� ��A $�%��
, ���:�� &��$�� ���A. F �2��+0 ���51844 4K= � =*� ��# 12� � 5��� �� ,����� ,:� �() T��� 4K=� ���� .��-�� 4 ��
, ��8-�� , +)�� �%�. �� ]�X�� � %��� ���� ����526 , ) ��1873 ,��= &$;���� ���*�� , ����8�� "�+�*�2 �-�� �%�0 T���, ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 �%�.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
127
*��%� @�����
5=��� �#������ 5 =�%� E�� = ���� �"=(����
�5�*� � �� � U���5�2 , :5��� M�*� "H� G� �L�0 �$�� �� �)�� "5� "�����64F283 �� ]�X��07F10F1964 , �2��� M�*� �K���
,�-��)1( .,��= �5�0� , �� �5�0 ��A , :5��� M�*� "����� ��# �� $5�. &$��� .�� $5�4 # ��5��� �0 �)� "����� � ����*� 4 � �� ��+ �0 $2 �
"�-�� "�H���� $���*�� ,��$�� ,�)� 4 � ���. 2��2 .$��0 �+ � �� ,% �5�*� � �� ��A ,�-�� �5�*�. �0 "D�� ��# �K� "�����11 &$�� �%�+�
5��� �)� H�:��� �K� , )�� &$�� "�+�0 � �)=�� , �=��� 1� "� �+��-�� , �� =*� ��%� "5� "����� � ��64F283 �K 02 6� (� �+�0 V�(
&��:�� M)� �� �% )� �+�� � ���5� &��*� ����5 �0 ��$�� ����8��+� ��# �-� �?�� �)� ��2� �H "�����.
"5� �*� ��$�2�71F73 "�� Gd)8� , ������ &��!�� ����5 �K��� :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�" 7��� 6�)�0 ? �� �� , . , ������ �K��*� " 7� "� 3 �
, :5��� �K��*� �% � �2 G��=�� �%+� �%�� 6 (� ����)2(. '� ���� "� M��2�
)1 (F ,��$�� M�0 ��A &�D���� M�*� "K� ���� � ���8�� .�$� �$��) "����� "5�63F88 ]�X�� ��18F03F1963 "5� �*��66 F102 �� ]�X��06 T�1966 ( �5�*� � $ $-�� .�2�0
,��$�� , +) �K� ��(��� "+� �% )� ?2�� �%� � !+�� �*� M���C ,;�5 ,; # $��� "$� 62�2 5�)� �%� -2� .�2!�� ��%�������. , ���:�� , ��-���� &��$�� �0 �)� �� �=�X ����5 .�$�008 F
01F1935 1���� 6��+ ��A , ���:�� ,��$�� M�* .K ���� , :5��� M�*� � ��� �)� G� , �� ?����. wK ��8���� $-2 �0 ��- �L. .��+ �%�0 "+�2 ,��$�� M�0 ��A &���2 M�*� ��#
, ���:�� &��$J� ,-2��. )2 (F &$��� .��37 � �)� , ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� :» "� � ��� '������ ?�8����� 6���0 �A
,����)� &$-�� �0 , ������ �K��N� , �=�� &���2 ,:�2 �*� ��# "�%: 6�� ��)(�� .../...
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
128
, �-�� �5�*� � �;�# "�� �)�. ,�� T�;����� &��*� ����5 ��$�2�1984)1(� .���2��� � >L�2�+ �8� 5��� �)� G�� �+�0 �-�� ,2%)� ,%2�� , �����)2(� $$� ")� �� �8�� �:�� )-� �����5 $���� 1K�� "�%: 5�)�
&��:�� M)� �� , +)�� ���0 . &$��� .�� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� ���38 ��)� :» �0 , ���� V�* � ;�%� ,8���+ , �-�� ,%��� �0 ,��X�� ���� �$��
5�+ ,��X� ,����)� &$- � 8��� $��� "$� ,��� ��� ��%d)� ,��$�� ��� � , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$��)� �%��2 V�*� ��# $�-� V�N� '����«.
�#� 8�� @�����
5 =�%� E�� = ���� ��" 5=��� �#���
,82���� &�8:�� �� � �� �0 ����� $8� �0 ��8���� , �� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� .()2 $54 R# � �� ,��$�� M�72 �%8��0 �$�� >L���� �0�� �� �+� M�� �+ "�
6��� �+������ ���)�� <�� T0 �� 97� �� ��+� ��� �2. ��$� $-2 �+� ����$1989 �+������ e%��� �� >���� �)=��� LG�� , :5��� M�*�2 ����
��) �%� ��&$��� ��= �49 �. �� ��# .$+7�� &$��� �� , ��52 ����$ �
.../...? 2��� ,2����2 � )(�� � D � +�� ,2�!2 ��L$- � 5��)� � ;�%� ,) C � D� 5�+ ,��X��� &��+��� �K��*� ��8����� '�X# �(� �$��� V�*� ��# �)� , ������ &��!��2 ,��=�� � 2�$���
, ������ ,��=�� , +)�� ���2 ,8)-��� �*� ��# "�+�0 "% )� T��� � �=�� &���2«. )1 (F "5� ����8��84F11 �� ]�X��09F06F1984 &��*� ����5 �K���) ,��� � @1984 > 24(
"5� �*�2 "���� �$-��05F02 �� ]�X��27F02F2005 ) ,�� � @2005 �> 15.( )2 (F, ���� �� 5��� )�= � 5���� ��+�0 ����� $��2 ���!C e�� � �A �#��!C e��� �� , ���� �0
����� &���2. 3)!�� $�$� �� �A ��+� � , ���� �0 �+� � M )� �� 5��� �L0� G �=� $�� �2,-:�)�� $ $�� ��$ +�0 � '�� � 5� �� , ���� 5��)� ��+ �. �� ?��� � ����� ��+ ��A�
� �� �� >������ � >����� ��� �� ��� ��+ 5��� �I�.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
129
1996 . ����� ����5 ��$�2� "5� T��8-��90F25 �����8�� $����� $ ��� "� �5�N�� :�� �#��2��� ��= �� ���2 �;�5 � ��8�� G�2 �% H�� �)� G��G�= . ���A �� ,X�� , :5��� M�*� >������ �)� ��2 ��2���� �%� $��0 �+
���� &��!�� , ��)1( . "5� T�;����� �5�*� ����5 &� ��* �$� "!91 F10 �� ]�X��27F04 F1991 �$� �� G� T���42 �8�� , :5��� M�*� ��� A �)�
&$��� .��� �, ���� ,- ���� "�+�*22 T� :���� "����� � � "5�98F381 �� ]�X��01 �2� $1998 )2( &��$A ���� $L$� T��� , :5��� M�*� �#� ���
�)� M�� , : +� :», :5��� M�*� ��X� &$��� "�+�0 ���A ��42 "5� ����8�� �91F10 $���� ? �� �� &��� �0 , ���� V��0 �0 V� 2 V�0 .��+ '���
'��!���+ �K�����2 �#� �7� �+ � &$��8+« � G� �)���� �� "�+�0 V-2� � ��M�� �$� ���0 �)� , ���� ,- ���� "�+�0.
"5� ����8�� � $-�2�91F10 "5� ����8�� 6��201F07 ]�X��22 T�2001)3( , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� I2 ?)-�� $�� 3�! 4K� �# &$���29 ��+1 ���� � ���)� ,)2�8��� &����� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �)� G��
�� T$8� ? �� ��������� ,��5�&. � &$���29 ��+2 ���� ��(��� �)� G���� �� ��2��� ,)��-�� , :5��� �K��*� +��� $8� ?� . "�+�0 ��A 4�� 3 �
&$�)� �8 2�� $�8-�� ��# "�+�0 �� , ���� ,- ����42 �0 ���� ��� ����8�� ��8� �%: �-�2 �:�+� >���� .� &$���29 ��+9 ���� ��0 >���� �%��= � �
)1 (F &$��� .��35 "5� ����8�� �90F25 � , :5��� M�*� 4����� �0 �)� "���� �$-�� .0 ��� ���� .�%��� ��A ��X � �, ����8��� , ����� ?���� 9$�I2 .�2! ��A �, ������ &��!�� "�+�0 ���A ��
����0 �% )� .:5�0 . �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)��� ��A ��X� �%�I� ������ )� �5��� "�$-�� ,��� ���. )2 (– � @ ,=�X � ��� ��13 ��2-�1419 �>90. )3 (F � @,=�X ��23 T�2001 �> 29.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
130
��� A ?� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)�)� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�� �L�� �0 �)� G�� "5� "����� �� $��� � �#� &$��� ��# ? 2�� , : + " H��� �$� � �8��14F70
�� ]�X��10 � ��2�2014)1(.
,�� ���2002 "5� ����8�� 6��2 �5�*� ����5 �L$�02F10 �� �� ]�X04F12F2002. &$��� 6��2 � =*� ��# @�=0 $5�3 � ,��=�� �5�*� �
�5�*� ����5 "�+�0� G�=�� 5��� "H�� ���� $���� 4 � �(�0�) $����07 �19 �22 �47 ( &$��� � $-� "��06 "5� ����8�� �91F10 �5�*� "K� .��+ ������� ,�-�� ,��=)2( .� ")+�� .���,�8 ,�-�� �5�*� �� �8� �#� A �5�0 ��A
�% )� ��� ���� ,%��� &$$� ,��� T��� � =�� �� �% � �- � ,�� �5�0� 5���� �$��0. � @�=� ,��=�� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �0 ��- �� ? 2�� ?��
�5�*� ����5��)� � ���*� &$��� .�� T��� :»�8�� ��# $$� ,�-�� $���8�� ����%� ��� �%H:�� �#� ��� ,�-�� , :5��� M�*� " H���... G�=�� 5��� 4K=
�%2 ��-�� , H����� , - ����� "�+�N� « &$��� �$+0 � �#�03 "����� �
)1 (F � @,=�X ��20 � ��2�2014 �>09. )2 (F &$��� �� "�-�� 5��� >���� ��6/1 "5� ����8�� �91F10 .�%� �)� <2� � �+ �72
� G�= � ;���A .5� � , � = .�� =�� � 2� �� ,#��)� - .��$$ �� ,����� ,�-�� �5�*� &$���08 � �����8�� <:. &��2� $�� ����:�� G��� �� �+�) (Le wakf public protégés par la
loi����8��2 , � , :5��� ,�-�� M�*� �0 ��- �. , ��2 �H�� � �5�0 ,! ��+� ,:��=�� "�%:2�����8�� .� ����5 �-� �0 ��A , :5��� M�*� � 2 ,)K�:�� �� >���� ���� $8�� 6��= � �5�*
,�� �$���� � $-��� 6��2 M��� ,�-�� �5�*� �A �+�722002 . ,;�5 ��A >���� �K0 �+ &$��� �� &$����� ,�-�� �5�*�08 ��$� � .���� 42� $-2 T0 �,�-�� �5�*� � 9�=0 ,;�5
"5� ����8��91F10 &$��� 6��2 M���6 5� T� :���� "����� � "98F381 �� ]�X��1 �2� $1998 ,�-�� �5�*� ��� ,2�-� ��- �. &$��� , ��!�� &�8:�� ���-� G�=�� 5��� �006 �
"5� �5�*� ����591F10 F) $-� �25F �)� �0 3����� ��+��� � 28� �)� 5���� 2�� � �72���� �%� � ���� ,%��� ��A ��X "! � � - G�=�0"% )� �5��� >��8�� $-2 5 « ��$)2 �� �- �
�)#*� 5��� �0 T���� 5��� 1)��2 9�=0.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
131
"5� T� :����14F70 �%��82 :»��!��� , :5��� �K��*� "����� ��# ? 2�� ��� ���� ,��=�� ��-�� " H����� 4 ���)� �%��(���� �#� ��� �����8�� �%�H� 4K= �
�%2«.
��� , ��:�� �K��*� �0 ��- �5�� "�+�*� <:�� 4K=�� ���= �:5� ,,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� ,82���� "H� G�= ����5 6� D � ���-� �����
� (�� ? �� �� �%��(��� , : +)��� ��(� � �0 �?2���� 3�2�� �� �� 0� $8 $��� � ��� �� $���5 V-2 �A����$�� ����8��� T��8-�� ����� ����5 � 2 &�!-2� �����
�%� 2 � � "������ "$� � ���-�. V-2�� 9� � � �� "�+�0 ��A >����� &���K, ���� ,- ����� �$� �%�*� �%�+�0 � ����0 $�� 5��� ��+ �$�� �T�;����� ����8��.
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
�#�=��� �#���� �$�%� ������ &�6
���2�� � D T��!���� 5��� &�� �� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �=$�)1( .� T�������� $L$-)2(. �K��*� ��# ��!��� ?�� $ $��2 >���� �=$� M���)3( ���= "����� "5�14F70 � ]�X�� �10 � ��2�2014 .� ���� $$� T���
,��:)� ,��=�� , :5��� �K��*� ��� A .� : +�� &$�)� �8 2�� �$� T����29 ��+9 "5� ����8�� �91 F10 "5� ����8��2 �$-��01F07 �� ]�X��22F05 F
)1 (F��D� -��� � &$�:����2 �+�� &���2 "% )� �5��� ��%��� 2 4:�� �. )2 (F�� �0 ��2�82 � ()� �%2 >�:���� 1�2 , ��:�� �K��N� ���2�� � D ��!���� ��+ $5 ? ��
� (�� 4 ,+�� � �+� �0 ������� ��� �� ...���. )3 (F, ���� ,- ���� � &$���� ,��=�� .���� �� �� � �� � T$�-�� ��� �� �� ����=�.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
132
2001) .��%� /���� (3$���� �+ � �$��� 6��2 >����26 ��+1 �26 ��+2 � � ,��� �5�*� ����5 � $-2001 ����� ,������ $�8� ����0&�5
, ���� ,- ���� � &$���� �+����)�� 8�� /����.(
��%� /����
�#���� �$��%� ������ (� ��� � �#C� &#�6 E< �#�=���
�� $�8� �� � �� � T$�-�� ��� �� &��2� ��)-��� $8� ����0 ����0 �+� ��� , ���� ,- ���� � &$����)�+��� �&�8��� �,������( >�K� ��+�� ����� �6)��� ��# � ���!�� >�:�� .� &$��� G��02 "5� "����� �14 F70 �� ]�X��
10 � ��2�2014 �)� :»T��� M�*� �)� "����� ��# "�+�0�� ,�-�� , :5�� �% )� G����� ,��:)� ,��=�� &$��� �08 "5� ����8�� �91F10 �� � :
F�#��� "� ���� ,�)-�� , :5��� M�*� .
F '��2 ,�� �5�0 �%�0 �8�� � 2� ����� ,��$�� � ,-������ , :5��� M�*�G�=�0 .�$�%� �0 , �� ?;�!� �)�«. ��(��� �)� G� "����� ��# �*�
��+��� M�*� � ���!�� ���� $8� 6��2 ���0 &���� �$8� � ���$ ��)�� ��# ,� =*� ���!�� 6�2�� ��A� ���8�� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� ?2��� �� ��� $8� 4
,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2����. �K��*� ��� A >�:�� ��# ��= � ������� ������2��#��� "� ���� ,�)-�� , :5��� , ��:�� .?�� � 2�� �#��� A)*��%� @����� ( "!
�#��� A "�+�0)�#� 8�� @�����.(
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
133
��%� @�����*
�#�=��� �#���� �$��%� � �#+ &�6
�K�����2 '��!���� &$��8+ ��)-�� $���� ? �� �� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A "� � �$��� 2 �K8� � ��#�23 �25 "5� "����� �98F381 �� ]�X��01 F
12F1998 &$����13 "5� "����� �14F70 �� ]�X��10 � ��2�2014. �%� ��)-�� $����2 ��� �� �7� ,8 ��� !+�� �% � , ��:��� �� � �+ ,+���2 "�� �A
, :5��� , ��:�� V�*� ���;��� �� 6D� . � ���A .�� &$ ���� "��� 6��� ,�� � ��+�� &$ �� 6�++�� ��X��� � $)! �0 , ����2 �5�N� , � $ �� ;�� � � $
������ ��� $)� �;���� >�:�� � ���K� )! �0 , ��:�� �K��N� , � $2 H�, ����2 �5�*�� , � $�� ��X���)1( .
�25 9�=0 ?�� T0 �0 ���� �� &$���� �� �)- 3 �20 � ��� � �� �%;���A)2(� ����� �K� �0 6� � G��=�� �)� ,-�8)� ��:��� ? 5$�� � -���
�#$�$�� �%����� ,K�*�� 1��� .� )� �%�)� ���� ?����� �� 1��� 4����� ?2��� �8��� "�H��� ��� �� &$ ��+� V��-�� ��$*� �!����$���� '���A ��+ .
�K� �+.�$%-��� >�$ � ��� �=C �0 , �:��� .�$ ���� � ��� ,��=��)3(.
�� �!�� ��� I2 � �$�� ��� �� , 5 $$��?� , ��8-�� ?���� .� K�8)4(. "� 3 �� )5A ,��=�� , ����� M�*� &��$A 1��� �! &�2=�� �#0 >������ ������2� ��+
)1 (F &$��� G��16 "5� "����� �14F70 �� ]�X��10 � ��2�2014 �)� :» &$ ���� T���
:)+�� ,�)��� ���A .��"����� ��%2 ?�� ����� ������ ���$ <��0 �)� �5�*�2 ,«. )2 (F &$���07 "����� �14F70 . �� ]�X��10 T�: �2014. )3 (F &$���03 ��)-�� $���� ? �� �� ��� �� �)� ,82��� ������� $��2�� $$� T��� ������ ���$ �
����2 ?�)��� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��N� "5� "�14F70 ���0. )4 (F &$���05 �"����� <:�.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
134
��$�� �2(�� >�5�. ��- � �!+72 , :5��� , ��:�� V�*� ��X� �0 �� H�H��� $����0 ��!�� &��. ? �� �� �L0 ��)-�� $����2 ��� �� "� ���0 �A ��� �# �+�
,��=�� .�$%-���2 �0 , �:��� .�$ ����� ,��:+ $���� �� M����� 4�$ �0 ,� �� �!�10% ,K��:�� � �$�� , 8�� g)2 �. -�$ T��� ,��:+�� g)2 "�= 3 �
$���� )� ��� T��� G=���&$ ���� �! �. �%d)�� ���� ,��:+�� 6����� L$� �� �=B� � $ ��)�� 0"%5�8� T��� �� )�� �0 4�L$�� , �5 � ��L$8 �0 $-2. � ��#� &$��� 2 �K8�05 �� ������� ������ ���$ �?�) "5� "�����214F70.
$���� )� ������ ��7���� .������� ?�8� �� �0� � &$��� � �5����11 "����� � "5� 14F70�%�I� � �� �!���)�� &��X�� , ��:�� , :5��� V�*� "%��8�)�� A.$�� �� $���� ��� ���A $-2 &���2� �� ���� ��(���� V�N
� ��%��8�)� , :5��� , ��:�� �!*� ��(���� , ���K�� .�; %��� �0 '��22 "� 8��)1( V�N�-�� " H����� 4 ����� ���A �� , :5�����%2 �� ?� ��+� �� 6)�� $8� $ $
&��X�� ,�)��� � ��� ��,��2 ��� �� &$ '�%��� �25� ?�� ?2��� ��:�� 6)�&��X�� ,�)�)� ?2� ��-�A ,����2 ��� J�.
)1 (F'��2�� ,�=� �)� ������ 6)�� �#$��� �:+� � ��7���� ,:� �A� �)� ������ )� �2 1 �� G =��),2��+ ,8��� (&��X�� � -�� M�� ��X�� �� '��2�� ��(�72 "� 8�� ��K�82 � G=� .
&$��� 4 ?:� � �#�422 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;������)� G�� ���� :» 3$� �0 ��7��)� ��� ���X�� � 6��+ ��A ��$2 � (� T0 &��X�� � -��2 « ,�=� 6)� )2 G =���� ��# ?���A )��
, :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� '��2�� ,�=� 6)� �� , ����8�� ,:��� 6��� �I� �� �'��2��� �# ,�)����:5��� ��8-�� &��$A ?� ���� �#��2���2 ��;���� 9����� �)� �5�*�2 ,:)+��. �#��$���� $-2�
'��2�� , )� &���22 T��$A ��A �#� '��2��2 ��7��)� G=�� �%��2 '��2�� ,�=��. )�H��: ���� �2)� $�� � = (� H:�� � !� �� )� &���2� , ����8�� &�$*� � '��2�� ,�=� �:5��� M)�
��;����� �"�-�� T��8-�� �,�# ��$2014 G �120 F121(.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
135
��7���� $%-� �2�8�� ��� �� �� &��X�� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(���2 ? $���� "$-2� ����2� ��=� �+�2 '�� �� �0 &��X�� �+�*� �+ �� �������
,:)+�� ,�)��� � ,8���2 �A �%� "$-2 ��+� � �5�*�2� , ��:�� V�*� ��� A � (�� ��� .�� �%-K� �0 ���2��. 6� �� T����� ��� �� g)2 4�$�'�2�* � � )� ?:��� ��*� �� , ��� �����:�� 42���� �)� ,H���� &��X�� V�N� �
� � �,; 2�� , ����� �+ �'�2�%+��� '���2 � ���� '�2�0��7���� ��� ���K*�� ��X� .�� G=� �%!$�0 �0 � �=� �%�!$�0 ����. '�%��� $-2���� �� &$ � -�
�+�*� '�=A ����A ��$� *�2 ,:)+�� ,�)��� .��5 ��A �A��� �� $8� $ $�� �5� .���� <���, )� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�) ,2�5���� -2�� ����0 ? �� �� �%� �0 �
� -2��, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)�M��� � � ,)5�� , 0 ��$ �� ��7���� ������$���� )�.
��+ � �K�����2 ��� �� �0$�� ��X���2 )+�� � ���� � G =��2 , � �5�*��� ��)-�� $���� ? �� �� ��� J� � � ���� � � )� " H�� $-2� ��2!0� "$�
?���� .� K�8 ?�� ��� �� , 5 $ $�� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)��� ����� 3 � 9�$���, ��8-�� . ������ ���$2 ?�� ����� �+� ?�� $- $8� �K�����2 ��� �� <�+ �
"�����2 ?�)�� "5� 14F70.
�#� 8�� @�����
� -) �#�=��� �#���� �$��%� � �#+
&$��� .���04 "����� � "5�14F70 , :5��� �K��*� ��� A,��:)� ,��=��� G=� ��A �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)��� 2��2 ��X� $8� �+ �72
,��:)� ,��= , :5� �K�0 ��7�� . ��# � "%: �-��� � ��� �0 $8���� ��
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
136
� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)��� ����� �5�N�� , � $�� ��X��� � $ �� ,)!)1( � &$;�:�, ����8�� ������ � ����� T��� ��7����. &$��� .$$� 3 �07 "5� "����� �
14F70 ������ M)� �) �+: » ���;��� 1��� �0 �- 2� G=� �+ �+ ��� �� &��+��� �K��*� &$4 ��7 � &���� 4 ���0:
F, ����� T�;��� ��+ �0.
FU�:�� ,:� .2! �0.
F � #7� �0 � �+� &$�%� "$8 �0 U�:�� ,:� .�2!A �+ � T��� U����� �+ ���:�� ����� ��«.
�, :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ���;��� � T��-�� G=��� >���� 4� ")� -K�= ��+ �0 ,� ��T�;����� ����8)� �)2( . ��!���� � 6���*� ���� ��- �
�% �. ������2� �%H�� ���� � ���8�� ��$� �=7� 62�2 ,) �� &��:� .�# �%�0 "D� ,);�� ���0 ��A @�����%����.
&$��� � , ��!�� &�8:�� .$$� �+4 "5� "����� �14F70 ��# 62�� ��%��82 $8-��� :»*� �%� �� $�5 �%2 >�:���� ��+ ,��:)� ,��=�� , :5��� �K��
��� �%)-�� �!0 ��(��� �%��(����«. � � ��)-2 ?��� �� $8� &$� � &$��� G��06 ���0 "����� �»&$$� &$� , ��:�� , :5��� �K��*� ��X�« . ��# $$���
��#� ���:�� ��(���� ,( � 6�� &$��2��8 � &$�)27 "5� "����� �98 F331 F��-:�� T��� ��� � T��� F �%��82 :» � D &$� �:5��� M)�� � �7� 1� �
)1 (F &$��� .��03 "5� T� :���� "����� �2000F200 �� ]�X��26F07F2000 .� ��� �)� �%�� ���� $�$��� �� �#��!���� , :5��� M�*� ��� A $�8� "��2A �� �5�*�� , � $�� ��X��� � $
4 ������%2 ��-�� " H�����. )2 (F &$���08 "5� "����� �14F70.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
137
6�� ��� �� &$ $$��� &$$� ���� �:5��� M)�� ,- 2�«. �$22 ?)-� � � �0��� ��� ��$T�+��� ?�$���� 6���� � 5 4� �5�N�)1(
��=�� &$��8� �8 2�?2�� �I� �"�-�� $ 8 G� � &$��53 ����� ����5 �T��8-��� ������2� �+��� �� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A $�8� � ��� ��� ���-��� &$��� ? 2�� $�-2����324 ��+1 .��-�� �� , ���� 6��� ���� �, ��8-�� . &$��� �0 �2�09 "����� �14F70 8� �%� �)� .�� �� ��� �� $
?�:� �$ .��+12 &$��� )� .�� � �#� ,��17 "5� �*� �75F74 �� ]�X��12 �2���1975 "�-�� �K��*� 1� $�$�A �K���� �$� ��+�
G�= G� 4K� >����2 <�+ ���K�� �!*� &$��5)��%�� $�8� �-� �72?�:� ���� ��� �� �%�$ 12 ,��� �)� 6������� �K��*�:5, ��:�� , � �0���� ����� �+��� ��.
�� $�8-�� ��# �%� "� ���, ��8-�� ,H���� .������� �5�2 �7� M�� �� �%���, ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8���� .���8-�� �)� , ����. &$��� G�� 3 �18 &�8� ��+3
"5� ����8�� �91 F10 �)� "���� �$-�� :»�� 9$� 3$� M�72 , �-�� 1���, :5��� .���8-�� � ��� , :5��� M�*�2 G�= T��8� ��� ,��$��� ,�)��� �-���
M��2 �5�*�2 ,:)+�� «. "5� T� :���� "����� �K�82�03 F51 �� ]�X��04F02F "5�91F10 &$��� .�� )2( 04 ��)� :»9���� �+� $$� �����
�*�2 G�=�� T��8-��9$� 3$��� , :5��� M �� 1���H:� ���5 6��2 T��8-��, ����2 )+�� � ����� �5�*�� , � $�� ��X���2 )+�� � ���� � 2 M���« . $5�
)1 (F &$���05 "5� "����� �14F70. )2 (F � @,=�X �� 05F02F2003 �> 08.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
138
� ���2 ���8�� ��# �-� �$�15F11F2003)1(� �$� �� G��02 ��-��� �)��� M�*�2 ,��= ��)�� '�5�� .�5��2� , ��8-�� .�H����� �-��� �%� ��� , :5�
�%� ��� ,��$�� �� � �%�25��� �% )�� , ��8-�� M�*� �5�2 �� �%� �� ��&�%���.
�� 8�� /����
�� ��� B�� �#C� &#�6 E< �#�=��� �#���� �$��%� ������
,- ���� � &$�� �%��+ �,��=�� .���� �� &��2� ��)-��� ���0 $+X� ���� ��)-�� $���� �0 �K����� ? �� �� ��� �� ,8 �� �� �%� �� �� �,
�%� , � :���� " ������ �5�*� ����82 ,H��� . $5� �� T�;����� >���� G�� �$��� 26 ��+1 �26 ��+2 , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� $�8� 3�! �)�, :5���� ���� ,������ �#5���� &�+�. 6��2 M��� "5� ����8��01F07 ]�X�� ��22 T�2001 "5� ����8�� "� � �$- T���91F10 �� ]�X��27 � �20
1991 �5�*�2 ?)-���. ��# �-�2 G����� ��# �� �:�+� >���� �0 � D$�8-��� ��%�+�0 � 2 �0 ��$?2�� M��� � &$��02 G�� ���� �5�*� ����5 ��)� : »�+ ���D �)� � D �� , ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 ��A 4�� ����8�� ��# $��
)� G����� «3 � >���� LG= $8-2 ,��:)� ,)2�8��� , ��:�� , :5��� �K��*� ,������)*��%� @�����( &�5���� $8-2 &����� �K��*�� �)�#� 8�� @�����( �0 �
$8� ? �� �� �(���� ��2�� �0 ,)��-�� �K��*� �+���)���8� 8 @���(
)1 (F� @� �� ,=�X 19F11F2003� >71.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
139
*��%� @�����
�<��� �� ��<
, ������ V�*� ��� A � >�� ,������� ���� � ,�� � &��*� ��+�V�*�)1( .$� � �%� ���� 9$ �� , ���� ,- ���� '�%8� )�=� $8��� �+
,+�� $8� "0 ��� A $8� �%��+ 3 � � ��:)�=�. %�72 , +���� �%��-� �� ,+�� �>����. ����2 3���� �� ,+���� ��8 �)2(. � ��A V�*� 4�$ �# ,)2����� $���
,�)- ,2��2 �%� 2 >����� ���2 T��� 6��� � 4�$ � �%2 �- �0 �%��� ,��� . ��2�� ��+ �0 �)� �%� @�= � V-22 V�*� �� ��-�� ,)�- �# , -����� $���
M���� �. � $5%��� �;���2 @��=�� V-22 >���� �)� $8� �%�72 , :���� ����� � ,��K���.
�0 T�;����� >���� �%��� $8� &$��� ��= �26 ��+1 "5� ����8�� �91F10 F"���� �$-��F >���)� V�*� '���A 2 $�8 $8� �%�0 �)�
��(����� � "��2A $�� �% )� ?:� ������ � ,�� �2�8$8-�. � >���� ��-���,+�� ,������ �2��� �72 ��� $5 ,�� 1)���� ,�� �0 �2��� ���� �+�
U�2�*� ���� � ,�� < �� ������ � ,�� �# >������ ���- ��% "� �0,+�� ,������ $8� �2��� T��� �+���� 6#��� '��� ?��� )3(. 6#��� �0 "D�
0 �� �;����� �� $;����$ -2 $� ��� A $8� �#�2��� �2. &$��� �0 �+42 ����5 �
)1 (–�H��: �D���)� � $ ��� $2� (�, �$�+��� ���� �� $8� � � ��-�� &7R��1969 G �427. )2 (– �H�� : �) ����),2#� (@ ��+:�� ��$ ���$0� ����� 8:�� �5 G �613. )3 (F,+�� $8� ,������ .�2��� ���� .�- ����� � 2 � $�� ��$�*� 4 ������ &$��� .�� 3 �722
�)� ��$�*� ��$�� ����8�� � :»- �=C� V�*� 6��� � 2 , ���� V�0 ��!��� $8� ,���� ��% )� ��8:� ���� G����2 �%� 2 ������ ��+ �0 �)� �#��!��� �� « 1K� G���� 1)�� ��
��� �� � ,+���� �# ,������ �� �*� �0. �H�� : .�2��2)$�( G �?2�� 4�� �84.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
140
�� �=� �)� $+X� T�;����� �5�*� �K��*� ��(��� ����0 ��+ ��� J� >����, ��:�� , :5���. �� >���� ?�� $8�� T��: �-� �� $8� �%�0 �)� ,����)�
��� A� &$��� G�� 3 �619 T���� ��$�� ����8�� � �)� :» ��-� �0 ��� �=0 �2�8 �� ��7��)� ,���� ����*�2 ,���(�� V�*�� , ������ V�*�
������ � �� - '�� ��X��«)1(.
�- �"T��%���� $�0 ?����� $2� ,������" �%�72)2( ��X�� "�) ��� A $8��%�����2 4:�� ��7��)� �K�0 "$8 �0� #�K�8� &��0 �2�8 ��� ��X�� �. �+��
T$�� ��� A $8-2 < �� � &��*� �*,2�� ������ � ,� -. $8� �0 K �� ,+���� $8� 2� ,������ ,#��+ &���=��� 12��� �� ��X�� ,#�� 3 �
M ����� ���� ��7���� , �=�� �0 �+ ������� � ,� - ,2�� �# &��*� �0�� �� T�#�� ��2���$8-� ��2 �%���� ��7���� G=� �� �)()� ,������ ��2��.
������ <:� � ,�� �# ��X�� 6 �� �0 �� �+ � $8-�� � 2 ��=�� �+�V�*� � e�����U�2�*� ���� � � � . � �,������ $8� �� � $5�-��� , � �0 �+
���� �%� �=� �� �8�� T��- G=� � �+� ��A. :����� 2 "���A V�*�2 >���7���� ��� ��X��� ��X�� ��� &��*�2 "���� � =*� ��#�� �%� T0 "��) "��
�� �8�� T��- G=� ��� �%� �=�,+���� ��� '�+���� "��) �+.
>���� �-� ��= �� T�;����� ,������ $8-�� ��+�0 @������ ���+ � � ,������ $8� �����# )��� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,� �,%� � ��X��� � $ �� ,)!
�5�*�� , � $��)3(� �>����� , ��! ,%� �. � � ���� $���8)� �82� $5�-��� , )#0
)1 (– �H��: T��%����)?����� $2� $�0 (@ �$ $��� ��$�� ����8�� U�� �� � ���� �6-�� � &$����� $�8'����2 >�:���� �)�F �, 5�8��� �2)��� .����� �.�� 2 �, ��-��� ��� ��2011 G �1363.
)2 (–�H�� : G ��:� 4����1366. )3 (F &$���26 ��+11 "5� ����8�� �91F10 "���� �$-�� �5�*�2 ?)-���.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
141
�,������ ����� &���K 4 �,�-�� $8-�� �� ��2��� �� � �=� �* . �0 6� ����2�� ��� � �)� ������� ?:� � �0 )� ��-����%� ��� �,:��� �% . ��� , :5��� �K��*� �# ,������ $8�� , ��:��&����� ��$ ,��:)� ,)2�8�� . &��*��
e����� ������ � , � � ,�� �# ,������ $8� ��� $�� ��$5�-��� �% )� ?:� �$8-�� "��2A. �% )� ?:��� ,2���� �%� �+ �=7 � �� � ������ >�� �)1( . �L0 $8� &$
� �=7��� T0�� �82� .���� 3�! �%� ,������.
,������ $8� ��!C �� �0� � ��:�� �K� �25 >���� �A @��� �� �&��K�� 6���N� 4)5� ,���� �%�I� �A @��� � �L0 �>����� ?��� �)� 48�
�K� $-2 >����+2��2 � ����� �)� ��8:�� ��2��� � 6��� G )=� � �%� � , @��=��)�%)�� � �# >����� � )� ( $-2 >���� �A @��� � �- ������� ��� �,�8�� . , ��� �# V�*� �)� ,H����� �� ��7���� � ,2�)��� , ��-�� �0 �)�
� -�� �)� ,H����� �� ��7���� "����� �� ,�-�� $���8)� �82� T$�-�� �����&��X�� .�� � � -�� 6 � T��� )��� �� ��X� ��+ � ��7���� �0 �� e
��2 � �%��� � ��� �% )� ,H����� �� ��2 �0 .2!0 ��A �>�:���� '��!0 &��7����$��-�� �����)2( .
,������ $8� 4K= �)3( ?�:��2 ������ ���2��2 $8-�� ���� �� ,�-�� $���8)�� �� $5�-��� � �����&��X�� V�*� M�%2 =��:�� . ��X�� '�%�A ��� � �+�
&��*� 4�$ �� ��7���� >����R+ .��� �� d�A ,������ $8-�� ,H����� "$��&��X�� V�*� �)�� ��� �� �� ������� �0 ���2�� � V�*� � �7��� ,��� �0
�� (� ����� ��+ ��A ��X�� .
)1 (–�H��: T��%����)?����� $2� $�0(2�� 4�� � G �?1374. )2 (– $ ��� $2� �D��� �H��)� �( G �?2�� 4�� �431. )3 ( F G ��:� 4����432.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
142
��� $5 "$8� � �)� '��2�,������ �% �K��*� �K , ��:�� V�*� @�$I2 �, ��+��� .�-��)� &���� .��+ ��A �0 ����:�� �%-2��� �#$8� ,��� �� , ���-��
&$�)� �8 2�� M���26 ��+3 �% � '�� ���� �5�*� ����5 � :» "�+�*� &���� 4 � �$��� "�+�0� �%2 ��-�� , H����� , ����8��24 �25 "5� ����8�� �91F
10 ... �K , ��+��� .�-��)� &������ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� @�$A �+ ����8�� "�+�* �82� , ���-�� �K��*�96F29...« . 3 � � G��� ��# $8��� $5�
,%� � , ��8-�� &��!�� ��# ��$#A ��A T$X ��+� 5��� "�+�0 4 K��-�� ��H��&$���� 9�=0 ,%� � , ���� ,- ���� � . � 6)�2 ��:��2 ,������ �%��� �+
V�*�2 >�:���� � � +� "$� ,��� �� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)���� &���� 6� �,�-�� $���8)� �82� ������ ���)1(.
�#� 8�� @�����
� �� ��<@ =
=$ �� ����0 )�=2 ����� '���A �# &�5���� �� �� =���+ +� �� � "�)- '�� �2�82 ������ �%���� ���� 9�=*� ���*� �;��2 "� 8�� 4 � 8�2 "�8
� ���� ��! �)2( .$8-�� "�� �� �8��� 6)D $8��� �� ���� &�5���� �0 4V�*� �� � 6�� T��� ������ @��=� ����� '�� �� 62��� �# �8��� �*
��!�� .� &$��� �� T�;����� >���� �%��� $526 ��+1 "5� ����8�� �91F10 F"���� �$-��F ��*� ����� �)�: » ��(���� ����� '���A 2 $�8 &�5���� $8�
��! � � - '�� �2�8 �%�)� ��«.
)1 (– �H�� :��&$� 119 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;�����. )2(–�H�� : ���)$��=( �,�# ��$ ��;����� ��;����� �� 5��� M�* � H����� �����8�� ����� �2006 �
G136.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
143
,�-�� ������ �)� &$� �� $8-�� "��2�)1(� &�5���� $8� �� ���� �0 6� ���� L$8-�� "��2A $�� ���)- ����� �0 �=��� ��+ �0 �%��0 �9�=0� �+ ��
��� �0 ��%� '�� �� &�5�� $��� ����$������ "�� �#� ��()� �2���)2( . &$��� �� $����� �����N� 42���� V� 2�� 1)��� ,2����2�22 "5� "����� �98 F
381 �� ]�X��01 �2� $1998� '��� ��% :» &$��� ���A �� �:5��� M)�� ��X 42 ����8�� �91F10 �� ]L�X��27 � �201991 '��2 ��+ '��� ���0 ��+����
&��� �0 , ���� V�0 �0 V� 2 V�0 �0...« .����� V� 2�)3( , ��=�� V�*� �#K2� ��%��� �� <��� ,-�72 ,5�� K�0 �0 �K� 2 � �� ,2���� ������ � '�
� )�� �� �8��� ����� .�� � <+� �)�� ����� �H2 �)H ��+� �$��� �� �I�� ���� � 2 )�= +�� ��%���� � )�� �� . �)� ;��+ , 5 $ �� � � )5 ��+ $8�
�0 ���2 &�5��)� �-2�� )-� ��� � ��:�� ��� ��-)� �-:� �-� ��� � �3)!����-�� �)� ���2 ��+ . �0 M�� ��� �����2�� 6� �)� ��2�� ������2 $8-�� $�: �
"�)� ���� ,8:��� ,���2 ��2 � � ��2 � ��+ �+� �� $���)� �-2�� ��+ �� V� 2���#$�: � &�5���� ,�� ��= M���� �)� �%������� ��-�� . ;��+ , 5 .$�� ��A �0
$ �� +�2 �8�� ��+ � �3)!�� �)� $�� �-:� ��-�� ����� �I� &�5���� �� �=�!�� �� �2�� � 8��� � �)� &$� � ������ � � �� $8-��.
6�����2 ��)- ����� �� ��-�� 6 �� ��+ �0 &�5���� $8� �� ���� � 6�� �&$��� ,8:� � �� &$-� �0 � ���2 &$� �)� &�5���� .��+ ��I� �42���� <=��+
)1 ( F�� ,��5� &��� , ���� V�0 )� �" )� �K�� , )#72 $8-�� ���� �25 � ��25� 6�� I2 &�5���� $8-
$�8-�� � �#� �-�� �� >�����2 < �� $5�-��� $��2 ��� $8-�� ��+ � ������� � =���� U�:���� ��� ���+� $5�-��� .�2 �%��� � ���� &�����.
)2 (–�H�� ���� 4����?2 G �136. )3 (– �H�� : ������)$� ���+� (@ ���$0� �+���� 8:�� �� 6�%�� �2 ���)� ,��-�� "��� ��;����� �
�4 ������2012 G �431.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
144
+ �0 )� ?:��� '���� �� �%- � �� �$�� @��=�� �. $�� ,:)�= �'���0 ��+ ��I�$8-�� .��� � V�*� ���� � 4 � �� ���� ��+ �0 �+)1( . ��-�� ��2 �0�
� �)� ����8 ��+ �0 �-�� �� ���� �+ �K�0 �� $��-�� ����� , ���� �� � �8��� �0 ����2�� �A @��� � ���� ���� ,8:� . ���� �0 ��� ������2�� ,�)� � < � � )� . � 2 ����2�� ,�)� � ��+ T��� �-���
�-�� .����� ���72 � �� ���� �5����� , 8��� �8���+� f ���� �K � 4�5���+��� 4)�2 3���� 1 8)�� ,�2� �� ���D*�� M������ 82 � ���� ���*� ��%� �
��-�� �)� ��+� &$�� &�5���� '�%��� $-2 �%-:�)2(.
&$�)� �8 2���17 "5� "����� �76F63 �� ]�X��25 F03F1976 �%�� �� $ �� �%�$ .��+ ��A &�5���� $�8�12 �+��� �� �%D���A ��0 ��$�� � ,���%��� �� , ���� &$��8� �8 2�� ����� .��= V�*� �)� ��+ ��A� ,2 �K �0 @
��-�� ��$ M���� �)� �%�)3( . $8� '�%��� 6�2�0 <:�� &�5���� $8� �K8� �,������.
�8� 8�� @�����
�-�� ��<
�+���) �+��� '���� 1�:2( � �� D 2��� 4� T��� 4���� '��� �# ,(�2 >�:���� . �+��� ��A �8� ��-�� ��#�) �+�� ��+�� '���� ��+2(� � 4� 3
)1 (–�H�� : ����)$��=( G �?2�� 4�� �136. )2 (–�H�� : ���L���)$� ���+� ( G �?2�� 4�� �428. )3 (–�H�� : ����)$��=( G �?2�� 4�� �137.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
145
V�*�2 >�:���� � �� D �+���� $8-�� ��:� "� � &�d+���)1( . �+��� H:� ?)� �,-2�0 ��- �)� � �#$�0 �0 <�(�� �0 '��2�� $�82 ,) ���� &����� $8� 2 $�� �%��0
$8-�� &$ $ $�� � D � . V�*� �)� "�8�� <�(�� �0 '��2�� �)� ?)� �% ��!�� &�+������D �0 �+����� '��2 T0 ��� �+� ��# ��8 . &��*� �)� ?)� �%!��!�
,) ���� &����� $�8� V-2 �� 5��� �0 ?)��� ��8-�� �)� &��8�� .�%-2�� �0
�V�8�*� ��$ V�*� �)� ?)� )2(.
&$��� �� �+��� T�;����� >���� �� $5�26 ��+2 ��82 :» �0 �+ '�K�5�� $�� �!��� '�� 2��2 G�= T��� �+��� $8- ,)��-�� ,��5��� V�*�
V�*� , 5 6��8 g)2 4�$ �2�8 �,� - &$� <�()� �0 '��2)� ,)��-�� V�*� � �2�8 �$8-�� �� $$� T��� ��� A 4�$2 �!���� "����� 4 �$8-�� "��2A .5� ,��5���
= ! ���� <�(�� �0 '��2��2 >�:���� �� 8� &$��� &���� 4 �$8-�� &$ ��25 � ����8��91F10 �� ]�X��27F04 F1991«)3(.
�-� 4 ���0 �-��� ?:� �"�D��� $ ��� $2� � � " �+��� �0 9� T�����7���� ��- ��*� � �� ��� A )4( ��+��� ?� �# &��X�� � -�� �)� � � � �8�2 T$�-�� ��� �� �� � � �+������7��)� �� T��� �� -�� ?���2� �$ ���)5(�
����8�� �� �� �:�*� $8� �# �= ����� )�0� , ���� ,- ���� �� >���� )8� $5��������. ��A ,��� �� ,2�= V�*� ��+� �0 �# �,) �� &$� � �7��� � V�(���
)1 (–�H�� : < ����)1��� $� �2 �� )� �2 (����� 8:�� �� �+��� $8� "�+�0 � � ���)� ��� ��$ ��$�*�
G �4 ������70. )2 (–�H�� : 4�����:� G �71. )3 (F &$��� G�25 ����8�� �91F10 �)� "���� �$-�� :» ��+ '��2 3$� � (� �+�0 ��D� � -��2 ?�)
� (��� M�� >�� ��+ �% ���� �;�5 5��� �82 � ,��5���«. )4 (–�H�� : �D���)� � $ ��� $2�( G �?2�� 4�� �441. )5 ( F��=� ?� ��� �� $8� �� 6��� .
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
146
U������ �%+�� �$8 �� .5��� <:� �� $ � �� M�� �)� �)� 4�8 � �%+�� �0�%2� U�����2 ��7���� "�8 � ,) �� &$� ��� �� � 2� �)� �=C G=�� �% �- �
� ,) �� &��:� ��(���� ��K �# M�� � )� $;�-�� ��+ � ��%��(���� V�*����� .&��*� 3 � � �� �:�*� �� �+��� )�= �+�� &$� ���2 � (�� ��*� �� �%��8������� �$ .��� �% �� �:��� $8� �� � (�� � �� 2 . $ ��� $2� � � K �
���� "$� �# 0$2�� 3 � � 5��� ��� A �� ,��= ,:�2 ,����� ��# �$2� �0 �D���.���� 3�! �� $ �� &$� ��� ��� V�* ��7�� �)� ��!-�� - � ��� � �#�
U��A ��A ,��� �� .%8:�� ���0 M��� &$� 5��� ��X �0 , ���� ,- ���� �� '�,��� M�� ��A .�$ ��A �+��� � 2� �)� ,) ��.
� + �+��� $8-, 82 � �� ,�-�� ��+�*� ����� $�8-��$�8-�� �;�� ��� �K� ��� ���= � ��+ �A� �62�� . &$��� � �5�����26 ��+2 "5� ����8�� �
91F10 F"���� �$-��F � �A �,)��� , :5� �K�0 &�+��� V�*� ��+� �0 6, ���D�2� ?;��� $��� 62�� ,2�� &�!+� �0 ���*� ,2�� �� ?;��� �0 &� 2+
,) �� &$� &� 2+ .�8:� 6)�� � ������ ��$ ,K�- �%�* �0 �% � ,��)���%����)1( . �+��� &$ $$�� �0 6� �F�$2X ��+ � �0 ��- �F $5� ��H��
&��2-2 >���� '�:�+�",� - &$� " �% $$�� ���� "��FT���� �� H� �-� �+F)2( V�*� U��A �+���)� ���� ��� ,) �� �$ �K��� �� �+��� $8� ��+ ��I� �� ,)��-�� , :5��� V�*� U��A , ��+A ��2���� � -2 �=0 >���� �I� �,2�=��
�� 62�2 &� �5 &��� , ���� M��2 M��� �,! $��� 6 ���*� ��-���� , ������ ,��+$8-�� &$ $ $�� �� � $5�-�)� .
)1 (– �H�� : ����)$��= ( G �?2�� 4�� �138. )2 ( F &$��� G��999 ��� ��$�� � �8��� ��)� T� :» &$ .� � ��I� � ��� �� $ �� &$� � +���� ��� �
,�� � �� &$� �$�8- �+��� �2��� &$�� � -� �:D0 �0 ���0«.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
147
�� �� &��*� $ $�� 6� � ,2����2 �!�� &��0 �)� G� >���� ��+ ��A� �$8- �:5��� M))� T$�-�� ��� J�)"22 "5� T� :���� "����� �98F381 ( >���� �I�
4�$2 �+����� "��0 $ 8� "� >���� �0 ��- � �V�*� , 5 6��8 ��� g)2�+��� 4 8��2 �K8� ���� , ���� ,- ���� "�+�72F 5��� &��0 &$� � T0F ,� ��
�L�*� ?�:��� ,� #� �+��� &��0 �82� � ������2� �$8-�� &$ ���. >���� �)� ��+�, ���� ,- ���� �)� ,�����2 �:�+ �0� �$$8-�� �-� ��A ?����� �� �*
>L���� �� � < �� 8:�� �� � ��0 �-��� . &� 2+ ,#�� �� ��-K� $8� &$����� "�+�*�2 "0 �, ���� ,- ���� "�+�72 $ 8��� ��� "�8�� ��# �� �'��� 3 �
&$��� ��26 ��+2 . &$�)� �8 2���02 ����8�� � "5� 91F10 5�*�2 ?)-��� �� , ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 ��A >����� "� �I�� ��H)� �-2� &��*� 4K=� ������2�
, $���5�� .�2)8����)G8��� $ �� .( G� "� � � , ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 ?2����+��� $8-� : �-� $�� T�;����� >���� �% )� .
�� $�8-�� ���� , ���� �2��� $5 T���� >���� ��+��+�� "��0 �+� �H�� 5��� ��$���I2 , ��� ,�� V�*� �%����=� &�;�$ �� 48� ���� ,+��� �
� ,��5��� �0 M�� � T���� ����8��� � ��K�8�� � ��I2 �A 5��� �� ����� ,H����� K�8� �0 �+��� '���A �0 .2! �72 �� +��)� ���2 �H���� "$8 �0 6� �
� � -�� �)� - � �:+ �� 6L�= 5��� �0 .�2!I2 &$�� M�� ��+ � �,��5���+���� �)��� ��� �+� � �����)1( . .������ �A ��� � ?!��� $8-�� �*�
$8-�� � ���2 �A 7�� � �+��� �� �� -�� ?��� �I� �� ����� ?��� �)� , �=�)2(.
�-�� �=$� �0 "D�� T�;����� >���� �0 ��+�0 � 4K�� �+��� $8�
)1 (– �D��� �H��)� � $ ��� $2� ( G �?2�� 4�� �443. )2 (– �� �H�� &$�1000 T���� ��$�� ��8��� �.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
148
&��*�� &$��2 ?)-� � � ,��= �*� ��# �� .+� �0 �A) �%���� , ����T��8-�� .( &$��� ��82� ��I�53 $�8� "��2A � �� ���� T��8-�� ����� ����5 �
?�:� �$ .��+ �� ��� �+� �� $8-�� h���A � -� �I� ���� �+� �� ��� ��12 �,�� �%�$ ?�:� ���� ��� �� $�8� 4K=0 >���� �0 ����12 '���� ,��
�%���–�� 2 ?2� �+F �A �%��� "�H� �% )� "�8 ���� , ���*� $���8�� � , ���� T��8-��.
���8� �)� $� �0 ����� �+��� ?� �# � )�0 � � � �8� �+��)� �+��� ��� � >���0 �+ ,��� 2���� ��= �0 �+ ��#� �0 �� ����� �0 )� �.�������
M�� �2�8� <��D �0 '��2 � !$� � , +) �� ?��� M��+ �- � 3�� ��2 �8�� &�+��� V�*� U��I2 "�8 �0� �+��� &��0 4�$2 "������ �+���� �)�.
� >���� �%2 H:��� ����� , ���� ,- ���� �� �+��� "�+�0 �# ��# T�;���� &$��� �� >���� ���0 3 � �'��2��� <��(�� M)� �� �+���� ?� �%� �8�0 �+�
26 ��+2 "5� ����8�� �91F10 &$��� ��A25 � 6#� ����� ����8�� <:� ��% � '��� � 8 � M)� �� �+��� , 8�0 "$� ��A >���� �%��= :» 3$� � (� �+
2 ?�) ���D �0 �'��2 M�� >�� ��+ �% ���� �;�5 5��� �82 � ,��5��� � -��� (���« . �K�����2 , -K��� , ��� �)� G�� &$��� <:� � , ��!�� &�8:�� �*� � 2
$8-�� '�%��� $-2 �+���� V �-� ��- ��%� �+���� �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)��� . �+� , 5 6��8 �()2 4�$2 �+���� >���� "��0 ��� J� -�$ 6��� ��A ,��5��� V�*
�$ #� �()2 &$�� �+��� &��0 ��+�� � �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,�)�)� T����� . ?� �2�8 � � ����*� V�(�� �#� �%���A� V�*� ���A �# � �#�� ������ �+��� M��2 )� 48�� �% )� ,H������ V�N� ,�� � 6��� �+���� �)-� �� +����
��� �%��� � .T$�-�� ����� , ��� �# � ,2�)��� , ��-���.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
149
$$��� ��*� '�%�I2 �+��� �%�� � $8-�� ��� ��*� ��# '�K8�� �25 �%�� $5 �+�%� 6�2�* :<�(�� �0 '��2�� , )-2 "�8 �0 �25 �+���� .�. &����� .!$� ��A �L0
������� U���� , )� &���2 $-2� � �8�� �� � ����� ,!���� ��A 8 . �+��(����� ��-���� "$-2 �+��� �K8� . ,�)�)� ��� �������2 �+���� �=0 ��A�
&�+���� � -�� M�# ,��� �� �0 ������A $-2 ��:�� 6)� �5�*�2 )+�� . M�%����+��� � -��2 >�:���� - � ��� � &�#�8�� &�8�� ,���+ �� $� ��+ $5 �+�# �0 �&
�� �2�82 ��+ >���� �+� �,�-�� ,-:�)� ,��5��� V�*� >�� ,���+ � ����5 T�+��� ?�$���� 6���� ,��$�� -�$� �, �20� <��D0 � �% )� �� V�*�
�5�N�.
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
150
��%� 2 "�� ����
*� ������ �� ���:�� ��8-�� ��(��� , ����8�� ,H�*� �+� "� � ��� �>��8��2 V�%�)� , ��+�� ,2���� M)� ���8����2 � 2 ������ L$�� ,5�� 62�
$�2)� T$���5��� ��� ��� "�H��� � (�2 �%�) +�� .� (� ���� ����:�� ��8-�� ���0 .�+������ "�H��� �H �:�� "�H��� .�:)= ��� >���� � ,���� ���, +)�� .� � �T��-���� �0 ����� 6��� �)� >������ L$��2 , ��:�� ,�-��
V��*� 6��� �)� �#$�$�� �� �K� �,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� ���� T��� ? K��, :5��� , ��:��.
f �-� ��A 9$0 ����:�� "�-�� � �$��2 "��#�� �� >���� ����A �0 � D6�� ��A �2�� � �H� 8�� ��# ��(��� " H��� ,��:�� �� ������ � ���� "�H� �# �>��, ������ &��!��� . ,5�� .$��0 ,H�*� ��# �)� . = ���� , ���5�� 2�� �+�
.�# , $���5� ,�0 �L�0 4 ���:�� "�-�� >��8�� ,���# .�%H0� V�*� U�:��.� � ��!�� �� $�2��.
��8-�� ���$ � ��8���� ,;$�# ,���- ��2� "�� ,���= ��A �G�=�� ���:�� ��- T��� �U������ ����5 �� ,���-�� ��# .)��� ����$�� ���:�� ��8-��
, �� ��2 �K�0 1)��� ���� �+� , +)�� ?�2����5� � , ��:�� .��!���������� �8���� ������ �2�5 ";�$ >�:��� ?� � ����� 1� T��� . �T��8� � � ?� �#�
$-2,82���� , ������ ,H�*� �� ��=� ?� $�� ��+ �. ����8�� �+� � =*� �H � T��� �*� �� ����� �)� ������ �-)� K�� �! �;$�2 3 � � � +�����
T$�:�� ��(���� �K: T��� T�;����� U�:�� , �#� 4 "��� .
����$ ��$�2�1989 +������ e%��� �� 1 ���� �)=���� >���� >�� �� �� �,��=�� , ��:�� , +))� ��2���� &$��A� �, +������ , ���� $ �� '��=0 �� ��
Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]Ùæù]<h^fÖ]VVVV........... <…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’i<…^ÏÃÖ]<Ìéß’iêÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]êÒ]r÷]<Ý^¿ßÖ]<àÂ<ê×~jÖ]<‚Ãe<äÖøÇj‰]<Üé¿ßiæ<êuøËÖ]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
151
�%+�� ,X�� �K�*� >���A ? �� �T��8-�� ����� ����5 6��2 �� )�*��8�� T��8� ��+ , :5��� , ��:�� , +)��2 � =*� ����8�� ���� �+ . .��+ $5�
� �K��*� "H�� &�2�- G���2 . H� 3 � ��%�82�� � �H� ���0 , :5��� , ��:� ��# �� �����5 h��� � �+�� ,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� . 82 �� 2 ��%��(��� ����5� ��$�� ����8�� � 2 &�!-2��� ��%H�� ���� G����� V��-� 62�2 ������
T��8-�� �����.
'�$���� , ��-�� '�K8�� $-2� 4������ �� �!�� �&$ $� ,�0 �� �;����� ��=$� .�2� �.�5����� >��8� ��*� � $2�� �# ���:�� >��8�� .�2 ��:��� ��-�* $���� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �����8�� "�H��� �� �H��� &$��A ,��$�� �)� ����
,��$�� ,�)� � 2 ?�� �2 ��%�F�� �� 6D�� � �����% K��0 , +) �� �)=�F U�:�� ,�)��F��(��� ���0 V�*� ��(��� , ��+ .���K �� 3�2 T���F.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV............... ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]JJJJJJJJJJJJ
152
êÞ^nÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<h^fÖ]VVVV< << << << <
<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]<íéuøËÖ]<ê•]…ù]<ÙøÇj‰÷<높u<¼ÛßÒ<‡^éjÚ÷]íÖæ‚×Ö<í‘^¤]<ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]íÖæ‚×Ö<í‘^¤]<ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]íÖæ‚×Ö<í‘^¤]<ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]íÖæ‚×Ö<í‘^¤]<ÕøÚúÖ<íÃe^jÖ]< << << << <
�K��*� ��� &$ ���� &�!+� �, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ? 2�� ��� $-2�� "5� ����8�� �$� �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:10F03 �� ]�X��15
.�02010 �� �)=��� �� 6D�� � ���� ,��$�� ,�)� � 2 ? ���)� ,���� �� ��% K��0 , +)– �#��� ���� &�$*�� �, ����� &$� ��� ��� � ��� �% � 9�� 3 �
������ '�:�+�� ? 8��� �% )� F�)�� � , ��+ .���K �� 3�2 T��� U�:�� ,� 5��-�� �+ 4��� �K��*� ��(���.
M�*� � �� �� $ ��� �� T�;����� >���� ,2D� ����8�� ��# $�� �+���:�� ��8-�� �)� �� ��� ? 2�� " -� ? �� �� �,��$)� ,��=�� . ������ �) � ��
�� ��� $8� 1�� �����8�� �����)���%� ����( $8-�� ��# � :�� �� ,����� ��!B�� �)�� 8�� �����.(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
153
Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V< << << << <
<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]< << << << < M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� � ��� &�$7+ �� ��� <�+ ����5 ��0 �A
����� ����5 �# �,��$)� ,��=�� "5� ���:��08F16 �� ]L�X��03F08F2008)1( "5� ����8�� ��$�2 �;�%� �+�2 �$ ��� "� �10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010� �K��*� ��(��� .� : +� ���� $L$� T��� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:��
T� :���� "������ �,��$)� ,��=�� "5� �10F326)2( �� ]�X��23 �2� $2010 � �)� ���:�� �� ��� $8� ?2� �2,5 � )# �R)3( , ��:�� �K��*� �
,����� �0 , ��-�� .��$8�� .��� �2� ,���1519 >�� � , $)21541 , $)2������ 6����� �2� &����� .�'���A� ���� ������ �) � �� �� $8� � �+� �� �
���:��)��) :" (� ����� "! $8-�� ��%� , ����8�� ,- 2��� $ $��)� 8�� :" ���(.
��%� :" ��
� #� �� ��< S� B�?���+� 6��0
"5� ���:�� ����� ����5 �+� 08F16 �� ]�X��03 .�02002 &$��8���� , -���� �0 &����� .82� $5� �, : ���� , ��:�� , ���� ,�� ����8�� ��$�� L$%
"5�10F03 �(��� T��� ��+ �� ��� ��2� �)� L�� ��= � �K��*� �
)1 (– .�� &$���17 5� ����8�� � "08F16 �� �=X��03F08F2008 ) ,��� � @2008> �46 (�)� :»,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �� �� ��� �+� ...«
)2 (F ,��� � @2010 �> 76. )3(–�H�� : ���2 T$�)��( �5��� �)�) �(�, ��8-�� .������� � �,�# ��$ � �;�����2013G �33.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
154
,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �,��$)� "5� " $8�� ����8�� �() "� �0 d�A87F19 ���2 ?)-���.��! , ��:��� &$��� �K�82 �(�0 � =*� ��%�34 "5� ����8�� �
10F03.
"$8� � "%: , ��:�� .��!���� � � $ :���� &$;�:� ��+ �� ��� 1� �0��()�� " $8�� ����8�� ���A �� ;�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� ? �� ��" �� �� ?� ��A�
� ����� , )� � '�%���� $-2 &� ��* �� �+ �+� , ��� ���0 $����&����. �'���� ���: ,� - ����2 ��$8�� � $ :���� >���� $ 5 �#b , )� �0 "0
�;�8)� �+�2 "�� � �����b �� $$��� � $ :���� �)� ,K��:�� ������ �# b) 2�6 ��
��%�( � �� �'���� �+ �%2 L� ���� ������$�$�A ,)=$��� &�%�*�� �� ��� $8� , )-�� ��)�� 8�� 2�6 ��.(
��%� 2�6 ��
S� 6��0 � #� �� ��<
>���� �� T�;����� ���:�� ����� ����5 ��= � �� ��� ����� �)� ��B�» .���8-�� ��(��� ?� G=�� ,����� ,�)��� 2��2 1�� $8� �� ��� ��:��, , ��� 9���0 4�$ �2�8 &$�$� &$�«)1(. ��� '�� �-��� ��# �*�� $8�
&$��� ��= � ,5$ �!+0 �+�2 : �-� $��04 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �� ]�X��05 .�02010 �72 :»���=� ,��$�� 2��2 1�� T��� $8-�� M� - 2�� , ��� �
, �;���� �� ��� 6��� �!���� G��� 6)� �� ��$ � �K��*� ��(��� ?��%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*� ��+� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:���
$L$� ���� ���$ �)� '��2 " H���� ? �� ��� �#��50 &$� 40 $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,���
)1 (– &$���3 "5� ����8�� �08F16 �� ]�X��03 .�02008���:�� ����� �K��� �.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
155
.� : + �2K� , ��� 9���0 4�$ �2�8 ����5 6��2 �%� �=�� �%) ���� �#$ $��, ����«)1(. �!����2 ,8)-��� ������ ������ � �-��� ��# � �5�����6��� ?� �� ��� )/���� %���(� T��8-�� '������<�� T��� )� �� ��� ?�)�� /��
��� 8�(.
�G�%� /����
� #� �� 2 � � 8�� � " ����� �� 6��0��
4K�2 ��� �0 �=$� >���� �+� �8:�� �� � ��0 �-��� �0 "D� $5 >���� ��+ �A� �.�: �-� "5� ����8�� ��= � �:�+�10F03 �� ]�X��15 F
08F2010� ��� ���� $ $��2=*� ��# �-�2 "�8 �0 ��$ ���:�� �!�� � �I� �� ����8 "5�08 F16 �� ]�X��03 .�02008 �K��� ����:�� ����� �)= "� �
�-��� ��# �. &$��� �� '�� 3 �47 �: » �!���� ����8�� ��# "�%: �� �2�- � ��� ����� <�� T��- �0 �- 2� G=� �+ ���:�� . � �� �� M��� �
�%��2�0 � $ :�� � &�!����M�� �� 6���� $5 ���� �;��=�� ��� �«)2(� �: K �0
)1 (– &$�)� ����:�� G��� ��A �����4 1)�� �-��� >���� �0 $��acte ���� ��-2� �#� 1)�� ��-��� >���� �)� ��+� �$� 4��� 1)��contrat $8� ��-2.
)2(F���� �-��� �0 $-2 > T�;����� �� $ :���� 1)��� ������ � ���� "�H� �� ��-�� 1)�� ��# �� ��(�� �#�# �, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 �� e���� 1)��� �, ������ &��!�� ����5
�� ��� 6��� �!���� 1)��2 �#� A �$2�� , $ )8��� .��)����. 45� �%� �!�� ,)+ �0 "�)-� �)� ��:�&���=�� U�� � >��� �%��+ �V�N� �(���� , �=�� !+�� 6�)�*� � 32��3 $���� . &$�)� ����:�� G��� ��A >�����2�47 ���:�� ����� ����5 �–�)�*� G��� �#�F $�� �
� &��2�exploitant concessionnaire �!�� ,)+ � � �� ��� ��� 6��� �(���� �#��-� t �2�-�� G��� �� &$����� U���� , ���:�� ,()�� �� �%)2�8 investisseur.
)�H�� : RAMI (A), VIVIANNE (S) et FADI (A), Dictionnaire juridique (Français- Anglais-
Arabe), Liban, Dar El- Kotob Al-Ilmiyah.)
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
156
$$��� ��# �� �$� � �8�� �- ��� � �!���� ,:�2 ������ .� : +� ���� $$� ���:��� ����8�� ��� �2 �$-2 ����� 9� "� T��� " H���� �#� "5�10F03 �" ����
� ,:�2 ������ ,5��2 �� ���:�� �!���� ,5��2 " $8�U�:�.
�72 ���:�� �!���� ��� ��� ,�� �� $5�» �)� �(�� �- 2� G=� �+� &$��- ,�% �#�=� � ,��:�� �� "��$��� �8� , ��*� ���� ��� , 2)� ��0 � < ��
�K 0 , )=�$�� ?���� .��� ���2 '����� ��0 � ��A�� V-2 �� � $���� �2���� �*�«)1(. ���� �) � �� ����� �!�� �+ �� �#����� �(2� ���� ������ ��
"5� ����8�� ?�: 3 �10F03 "5� ����8�� ���A �� � $ :���� � 287F19 �()�� )*��%� @����� .( $ :������ $$��� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� '���I2 � �-�� � D
�� �� ?�)�#� 8�� @�����(.
*��%� @�����
� ���� � �=� E�� ��� � 6+ � E#�#�87�19
&$��� .-K�05 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �� �(2� ������ � ,���� �#�� ����8�� �H �� ��$�:��� � ��� �, $�:�� �0 , ����� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�0 ��
"5�87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 –�()��F '���I2 "� 8�� "%� ���� ��� ���� ��� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � �� . �� ������ ��# �!��� $ :���� ��+ �0
����8�� "�%:2 �������2 ��� $5"5� 87F19. ���� $8� �)� ��;�� ��+ �0 �%������� � ���5 �)� ��;�� �0 , ��8-�� ,H�����2.
)1 (–�H�� :,�� )��� ���(G �?2�� 4�� �179.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
157
?)-��� ��*� ����� �2�- � ������2 $ :���� '���2 6��2 )� ,K��:�� .� "5� ����8��87F19 &$��� ��K� ����+� �07 "5� ����8�� �10F03 ����� �
�(�0 � ��� �0 �'�K8�� ? �� "# "%5�8� .�8�� � ��� G�=�*� &$�:���� � ��8�"%�$�:��� .����5 &���� . "5� ����8�� �H �� .�������2 '����� "$� '��� �0 M��
87F19 �# ?�8��� ��8�A)1(.
��*� ���)� ,2����2�� ��A ��������� ����5!�, ��:�� .���I� � ����� .�� $ :����)2( �� �!��������� $���5��� ,N� ,$= .�� =�� @���A� � @����� � ���
,)���� ,:�2 , �������,����� � ��0� �@����� �;���� 6 ����( �K��*� �+ ���� ,��=����(� 2� �� �=�� ����2 �)�� , ��� ,:��>� ��� � �)� ,H�����
�K��N� ���:�� 42����� �%� 5 � $ � �0 �7� � �� �+ � :���. � � $�� 6�����&�!��)� ����� � ��� �5�- �0 �7� � �� �+� � ����.
���0 �2�8 � $ :��)� 1� ��+ ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �0 "D��&)3( "$� �0 �A � 4�$ ������ �+� �+ "� �&� =*� ��# �� "5� ����8�� �H87F19 �� ]�X��08
�2� $1987 . "5� , )-��� �$+X� � ��#�05068 � ���2 &�$����13F05 F2014 �K��*� �)� �� ��� ?� ����-2 ,8����� 9���*� � ���2 ,8)-��� �
�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� ,��$)� ,��=)4( . � �!���� , )-��� ��# .��0 3 � , ����� , �D ��A � � ��� � ����0 4�$2 �";�$�� >�:���� ?� 9���0 4�$ �� � :)=���
)1 (–H��� : &$���28 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �� ]�X�� �08 �2� $1987 "5� T� :���� "������ �90F51 �� ]�X��6 <��1990 ) ,��� � @1990> �6( &$��� ? 2��2 ?)-��� �28 "5� ����8�� �87F19. )2 (–�H�� : � $����16 ��A19 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �� ]�X�� �08 �2� $1987. )3 (– &$��� .��6 ����8�� �87F19 �)� ���0 :» �� � &���0 4�$ �2�8 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� 1�
, ���� � ���5 �%� �=�� �%) ��� .� : +� �#X��� $$� �� $ :����«. )4 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��11.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
158
, ;�%��� .� �!��)� ,2����2� $8� �,8!� $�8� 6��2 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ������ � ��� $ $�� �)� &��� ���0 , )-��� "%���0 9���*� .�:)= $ $��2 ��� ��� ?� 9���0
'����� � ��� , �D ��A �,;�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ,�����.
,2����2� .��!���� '�K�0 ��+ �0 >���� $�� T��� ����!�� ���)� , �� $�8� �)� � �;�� ��� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���2 � �-�� , ��:��
H�����2 &�%������� � &�$�� .����5 �)� � �;�� �0 �, ��8-�� , . ,;:)� ,2����2� ���*� &$��� .��33 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �0 �)� , ��:�� &�!���� ��+��
&$��� �� )� G����� T��$�� $8-�� ��� � ��� $�� �����5 , �����12 ��# ���� ��� �� ����8��:T��8-�� H. ��- � $����� <��0 �# T��$�� $8-�� �0
� ���)� ,����� , ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8��� �$�� , ��:�� &�!��)� �����8��� ��:��)1( .
&$��� �0 �2�08 "5� ����8�� �87F19 � -�� ?�8��� ��+� �0 �)� G�� ,>� ��� �)� ,����� , ��8-�� ,)2�5 T������2������)� ��%� ��- �0! �� '�K�0 ,
, ��� .��!��� , ��8-�� "%5�8� ��2��+�)2( ������� ? �� ��)3( $�8� 6��2 "%�
)1 (– "5� .�� � )-�� ,+�)� , ��8-�� ,��(�� ���5 �� '��384557 �� � ���2 �$17 �:���2007 �» 6��2 �A "� �0 �+ � �, $�� �0 , ��� &�!�� �+� �� , ��� V�0 ��(��� � &$�:���� �A
,��:�� , � $ �� &�$���� , ��$�� &$�%���2 $�- �� �,��$�� M�0 , � $ �� �$�� $8�« . )�H�� : ,��� ? "2007 >2.( )2 (– ?�8��� ��# �!�� �� � �%�� ������� 9�=*� , $��� .�+)��� ��� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��
�� ,)!��� �,��$�� : .�� %����� .�$-��� �T��8-�� <��*� �)� &$������ <��(��� .������ .�'��2���;��� 4 ��� ���A �� �% )� ������� ��-���� ,������ .��$*�� .������ ���=� �������
V�(�� ��%� ,��+��� , )=�$�� ���)�� �� � @�����. )3 (– � �$��� .��8 �23 "5� ����8�� �87F19 ��# �+� �";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ������� 0$2 �)�
"5� ,+����� , ������ , )-��� �% )� .�� �����2 ���8 �I� V�� ��$2 �0 V�-2 ��+ '��� �������07 �� ,=�X��15 T�: �2003�� � �;����� ��-)� ������� "� �0 ������ ��# �� � >��8��.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
159
, 8 !��)1(. &��2� �I� �� "&�%� , �� $�8�" &$��� �� &$�����05 ����8�� � "5� 10 F03 &$��� �� �% )� G����� &�%��� , ��$�� $�8-�� ���12 �
"5� ����8��87F19)2(� &�%��� , 8 !���� $�8-�� ��� �+. ,��-2 ���� ���*��,��$�� M�0 &��$A� �#��� , ��!���?!���. ��� �X����� ��A ��$�8 T��� �*�
, ��+A $�8-�� 6���0 &$�:��� , ����&�%��� � D6���0� � � , ��-�� $�8-�� "5� ����8�� "�+�010F03b
����:��� �&�!���� �� '�K�*� , 82 �K� � ������� ��� �0� .�'���A ��A ����� 4K= �0�%���� , ����. &$��� 6���23 "5� ����8�� �87F19 � �I�.������ �� �A ������� ��� �
"5� T��8-�� ����� ����5 ��$�2 �+� �&�!���� � �+� � ��� � '�$�2� ���*� ,�=��90F25 .�� &$���28 $-2 ��+ ������� �0 �)� �10 T��8-�� ����� ����5 � $-�2� �&�!���� � �+� � .����
"5� �*� 6��295F26 ���� ��$ :���� �82� �,82���� &$��� . (�0 �� ������� , ��+A � 2 �� &$��� ? 2��� &$�-�� "0 .5� T0 �� "%5�8�23 . ,�-�� , � $�� �� , ���� &���� �� &�+� .�$��
�� ,=�X , ����� M�N�14F11F2001���C , 72 $ 8��� ��$ ������� , �� �)� .��� �. )1 (–�� ,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� ��8���� .�2!A ��� �� "5� ? !���� ����5 ���0 ��06F02 ,�)�
�$� �� G�� �?!�)� $�8-�� � ���5F6 ������ $�5 �? !��)� , �%�� &'�:+�� &$�%� 3�$���� �)� &��� '�%�A� �,�%��2 ?������ ,82�� �� U����� $-2 �A ")�� � ����� ��%� 5��� ,�%�� ��# � #7� ��A
�� �K0� �� #7���� � �+��� "5� "���08F292 �� ]�X��03F08F2008 ��2�K ��+ � �0�;�%� �2 $7� '���A �K�82 ��� ,��$ ��� �0 �� 6�� � �� �0 ��� 45� � ��. �� '�� $5�
"5� ���8��68467 �� ]�X��21F10F1990 » ��+ �0 ����� $8-�� �� ���� �0 �����5 ��8�� �� ?!��� "�0 ��L�� �,��%�)� � ��� �$ $�� ��)� �$$� �� ����� ?�:�� ���+ , +)�� ��0 �)� T��
T��8-�� �%��� 1��� 9$� ��%�� ��� ?!��� "�0 g)2�� $ $��� �� �-«. )�H��: ,��� � )-�� ,+�)� ? "1992> �1.( )2 (F &$��� G�12 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �)� :»� '��2 � ����� "d)� ,��� � �+�2 ����� $8� �)
>� ��� �)� ";�$�� >�:���� �� "%5�8� �% )� ����� ���� �K��*� ,-�5 $$� T��$A $8� "%� &�$�22, ���� G��2�.
? �� �� &$$��� .� : +�� 6�� T��$A $8� , +)�� ?)�2 �%�� ������� M�*� g)2� 9��� $$� " H����«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
160
)-��� .�� $8� "5� ,16 �� ,=�X��18F01F2005)1( .� )� $ �� �)�, ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8��� �� �������� "5� ����8�� 6��2 � ��:�� � ���)� ,�����
87F19� ,�� �25 �%��2A "� ���� , 8 !���� $�8-�� ��� �X����� U�� �2005 �� �0 ��$ �";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ������� ,�K���� � ����� .�'���A �+��
��%���� ., ��:�� .��!���� � $ $-�� $��� 45���� .2!0 �+� �� � ,)(����, ��� $�8� �)� � �;��� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ������� �K�� .)� �8 2��� &$�07
"5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� G� ���� :» ����8�� ��# "�+�0 � &$�:���� � ��8 ��$ &$��� �� &��+��� , ��:�� �K��*� ����� �02 >�:��� ?�8� ��2��+� �0 ���0
5�= , ��� M�0 �0� ��%2 ��-�� , H����� , - ����� "�+�N«. '�X# ��8 �I��� ��� ?� � &$�:���� �.
$5 �, ��� $�8� �0 &�%� � D , �� $�8� 6��2 � $ :���� V-2 �*� ���2!0�$��V�*� ,$= �� "%�� "%� -K� , ��� �)� ,��$�� .��� $8�� 3 �
"5� ,+����� , )-��� .�$�454 �� ,=�X��11 �2�2�2012 &���� ��, : ��� , ����� ,��:��� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�:) ,���-2 ,8)-���
� 6��2 ,!$����� , ;���� ���)�� �� � �� �� "5� ����8�10F03 �)� .���: » � �!����2 ,8)-��� M)� $����� , ;���� ���)�� �)� ,K��-�� .�:)�� � 2 �
>�:���� �� "%8� �� �������2 ���5 � ��� � )�*� �� L$- ?!� $8� ,����2 �A "5� ,+����� , )-��� ���A07 �� ,=�X��15 � �� 2002 �%� � D �+�
)1 (F$��� .�� "5� , )-��� � ���*� &16 �� ]�X��18F01F2005 $ ��2 &���� &$���� "���A �)�
"5� , )-���07 �� ,=�X��15F07F2002 ,����� , ��8-�� ,� -�� ?�8��� �� �������2 ,8)-���� ���)� "5� ����8�� 6��2 � ��:��87F19�� ?� �� ������� .� )� �+ ��2��� ��- � � >�:��
�!*� , $� L$-� ��8�� ��# ��$� $-2 .� ����� �";�$��� ����8�� &�5 ��A �5�� � , )-��� ��# �0 "D� ������� $ �� V��:�� � ��+ �A �� ���8�� @�$� 0$2� ?�= �% �� , - ����� ,�)��� �� �$����
�� �� ������� ?� �0 ���� , )-� 6��2 < �� �����5 G� 6��2 "5� ����8�� ��$� ?�8�87F19.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
161
���2$8-2 �LA� �, ��8-�� ,H�� ����.
� =*� ��# '�: ��� ���2 6��+�� ?��� < �+�2 , �-�� .�:)�� , ��� 6� "5� ����8�� ,����2 ����)�87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 "5� ����8���
10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 V�N� �)-:�� ��(����. 6� ����� ��# ��� $8-�� '�(�A������� �!����2 G�=�� T��$�«. �0 ��- � .2�K $5 , )-��� ��#
, ��8-�� .��-�� , �� �)� G�� ���� , ����8�� G����� �+ �;���� V��, ��8-�� ,H����� �� �#�%� �)��)1( .G��� 4 $�%��� � &$��5 �� M #��.
)� �82�� &$�05 ����8�� � "5�10F03 *� �K 0 1��� �� , ��� � &$�:���, $�:�� �0 , ����� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�* �� ��� ?�� ?�8� ��2��+� � ���
� � "5� ����8�� ���A �� , ��8� ,87F19 2, ;�� .����5 6��. .82� $5� �0 ��A &�����";�$�� >�:���� ?� 9�=*� ?�8���� �.2! – "5� ����8�� �H ��87F
19F A $8-2T��$ �8 !�� $8� �0 , ��8-�� ,H����� �� �%�� ��� .
�0 � � �� �T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A ?2� ���0 '���A �A �# � �;���� ���8�� "5� T������ ������ LG� 3 �120 �� �$����07F03F1990 .�'����� �)�T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A ?2�� ����� �%���%��� &$�:���� .����5 ��$�&���� � , ;.
�8�� � ������ � &�$���� &$�:���� .����5 �I� )� '��2��� -�� ?�8�� , ��8-�� ,� ��(��� G=� ,2�!2 �2�-� ��A�)2( ��A M��� �&��$�� ,%��� �� � $ :��)� ?�8� 6���
� $ :���� ��A ?�8��� ��# �8� ���%�A �)� 6��� T��� T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A � �.
)1 (–�H�� : &$���324 ��+1 ��$�� ����8�� �. � �$���55 �56 T��8-�� ����� ����5 � �� � �$���34 �35 "5� ����8�� �87F19 � $�����13 �14 �15 "5� �*� �74F75 �� ]�X��
12F11F1975 � < �7�� "�-�� �K��*� 1�2 ?)-���T��8-�� ����. )2(–�H�� : �5���)�) �(@ �, ��8-�� .� �8��� �1� ���:�� ��8-��� �, �2���� ��(�N� ������ ��� $�� ��;�����
�2 �2001 G �101.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
162
.K�� , ;�K8�� .�%��� ��� �2 � ,$8�� &$�:���� .����82 ������� $ :����� �K��*� ��� .������� ,��� �� "%��'��$� .�2!�� .�2!�� "%� 6)� �A
����� $8-��2� �;���� �=$ ��.����� �� , ;���� .����8�� �)� �� ���5 �0 ���� &$�:���� � "%� 1� 2 �A��2�K��N� �)-:�� ��(���� &�� ��+��� ��H��� ��
T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A .�'���A)1( .
�;���� ���8�� 6��2 $ :��)� 6��� T��� ?��� �0 "$8� � "%: � ?� �# ��A,����� �K��*� � &$�:���� ?� �� �!� ��=�� &��$�� "����� )2�8 �
8-�� $�$�� .�'����� ��+���2T��$�� $� 2 @������ �+ �� �� � ?�2 < � �+�, ��8-�� ,H�����2 ��%�� T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A $-2 d�A � (�� $K. �'���� �+ +
&$��� "�)�09 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� � �;���� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�0 >�$ I2 �, ;�� .����5";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�2)� ��0 ��= �� �� ?� ��A18
��%�� "%5�8� �� � )=� ���2��� �A�� ��+ ��A. A �8��� "� ?�8��� ��# "% ���0� &�!���� �� �-�� &���22 "%� 1� � G =�� d�A �# � �;���� ���8�� �0 ����
)1 (FT��$A ���5 6��2 1��� $-2 $5�-��� ,��KA �� 62��� �A – "5� ����8�� �H ��87F19F� �#-�� $ :��)� 9�50 .���K '���A,��� �!+0 ,5�-�� �� &������ "$5 �)� ���*� �-� $8-�� �A� ��$8-�� ��# �� e����� ?��� 6�� "� � '�K8�� ? �� �� �A . ����� "� ���� , ��:�� .��!��)� ,2����2�
$5 ��+ �T��$�� $8-�� �)� �$� �%�7�2 "5� T������ ������482 �� ]�X��13F10F1992 G�=A '���2&$�:���� ?� "%� 1� T��� ��*� ���8�� �() ���5 ? �� �� �"%��2���2 � ����� ��= ) ?�)��"5�10(T��$�� ����8)� ,�-�� $���8�� �� ����= L$- '����� ��#� �� 6�� � ?� � ������ �0 ��2���2
6��+ ?�2 ��� ���5� ,2��+�� ?�8��� , �� 0$2� �8 2��. ��� �*� ��:� , ��$�� ,��(�� �-� T"%����� �2��D �$�� ���$�� �0 ��# ��!�� �+���� ���)�� ������ ��+ ������� ���5 �()�� �
�&��$�� �0 "%����� &�$���� "�+�*� � :��� ��%��� G�=�0 �)� .��� $5 "%���!�� �0 ��$� : + �� �!� �=C �+� �� &��$�� �-� �L � �=C "#$�� M��� �9�=0 .��!�� �� "%��$A &$��A ,
, �-�� ,� �=�� �)� '6� �+� T��� �*� V �-���2 ,��$-�� "�0 9�=0 &� ������ ��2��� . )�H�� : "#�+�2 ��8��), �(��;����� �� ����� , +)�� ��� �� ,��$)� 42���� ���:�� ��8-�� .����� �
� ��(�N� ������ ��� $��, �2���� �1 G �68F69(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
163
"% )�� ��H��� �� , ��:�� T��$�� $8-�� .�� ��# "�) �0 >����2 �$� ��+ � ,;:�,��$�� M�0 &��$A "�0 , ����8�� "%� -K� , ���2 � ������ &$$� &��� ��=� $-2�
, ��$�� $�8-)� "% )�� &�%��� , ��8-�� "%5�8�� ,�2!��� "%��2)� >�$ A "%� ���� �� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ����.
�.����5 6��2 � $ :�� $��� �� 62���)1( �� ��� "D� , ;23 �)� ,��, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ��$��� �K� � �(�A;����8�� ��)�� "5� 10 F03
d)� . 4�8)� , �� 2�� .���=�� $�$�I2 "� 8�� �� �K��*� 1� 1��� ���� �#���5 �� &$$��� , K�*� �1��� .��!���� '�K�0 ,) +�� �� ����� � (��� ��+�
��:��,.
�#� 8�� @�����
����� E#� 8�� �� ��
.�� &$���17 "5� ����8�� �10F03 6���* �� ��� 1� �0 �)� ��� .��!���� � � 82��� �� ���� �� $$-� �� �� 6���0 .�� , ��: 6���0
"%���!�� 4 ��� ��0 � � ����� �� ���� � , )� .�#X "%� � ��� G�=�*���%������ , ��:�� &�!���� � �-�� 4 ��� ��L$8 � , �8�. �0 '�X# �� ���� �
��=�0 ����+ � , �;��� , ��� � � - 2�� , � ����� &��!)� T$�- M�)� "%� < ��. "5� ����8��2 ,K��:�� ������ <:� �#�87F19)2( � �� ��� ?� ����� "%�+�
)1 (F ,�� , �D ��A1995 �# � $ :��)� ,)��� , ��$�� $�8-�� .��+1536 � 2 �47116 ). )��H�: , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �128(. )2 (F &$��� G��10 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �)� :» ����8�� ��# �� �% )� G����� ?�8��� 1��
� - 2��� G�=�N� 6�� ��= ,��� � D 5�� "%� �+� "� � ��� , �;����� , ����� T�� .../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
164
.��!�� '���A ��0 � ��� &$ $� ,F�25 � ,;�5 �+� "�F,��= � ��2 , 2��� ,��:&������ �K��*� �)� .���� ���. $5� �7��� ��# �� �$��� ������ T������ M���
2, )=�$�� &���� � , )��� .�������,��:�� &����� � , : ��� , ������ "5�� �����108 � ���223F02F2011 F ��� 1� .� : + � 2 � ������ '�X%� �� )1(.
�0 "$8� � "%: >���� ��5, ��-�� ��$ , - 2��� G�=�*� �)� &$�:����� "5� ����8�� ��+ ��A 4�� 62����10F03 6���0 � �!���� �)� V�:
, �=�� &���2 ,:�2 "%���!�� ��(���� &��$A �� ��� . .��!��)� $�$�� �#�,8!2��� , ��:�� "5� ����8�� ��87F19 ��(���� V�: ���$2 ��+ T���
���2��)2( � �� ��- ��=� $ :���� ��+ �� ����� �+ � "������ ��#�"� � .�2!A, ����� �-��� ,5��2 ? �� �� ����� ��#.
�;����� , ���)� ,2����2 �0,�� � �K��*� ��(��� "H� G� T0 �)= , ����� , ��:�� ����� ��# �� � � ����� &$� ���� , �=���2 V�*� ��2���. �-��
����� ��# �� '��(���� "$� �� >���� ,2D�)3(� $8� �-� �� ��$ �)-�
.../..., ����� � �����«. >�:���� ?� � ���� "%��2)� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�0 " $8� $�� �0 ��- ��� �� ?� ��A ";�$��� ?;�!�)� "%��� � � $ +7���2 , )-�� �)� ,;�8�� &�%�*� "�8� &$��� �� &��+���05 "5� ����8�� �10F03 " $8�� ����8�� �� �% )� G����� "%������� � :�� ��� "�+�0 ��$� "$��
&�$�-�� "$�� , ����� ��� ����� � $+7��� ��$ �"%5�8� �8�� , ;�K5�, � ����� &��!)� ?2� �*&$�:���� "%�� T��� " $8�� ����8�� �H �� �%88��.
)1 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��07. )2 (F "5� ����8�� G�87F19 �$� ��21 ��(��� �� &���2��� , �=��� ,+����� &���K �)�
, ��:�� &�!����. ,:��� , ���$�� 0$2 �#� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 _$�2 "#0 $�* $ ��� �#� . T0�� <0� �� , � � ,�� " $8�2 "�) $ :���� �0 �� .5��� <:� �� M��� �0� , ����� &�!����
&���2� , �=� ,:�2 &�!���� ��(�0. )3 (– &$��� �� ����� ��# $�� �0 ?2�16 "5� "����� �69F15 ��-�� ,��� �-�2 ?)-���
� ��� � ��� ���:�� ��(���� ,-2���� . &$��� ���119 "5� �*� �71F73 ��2 ?)-���&��!.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
165
&$��� �� $����� �� ���04 � "5� ����8��10F03.
����8�� >��� ,�5�� '��!0� "5�10F03 ��� �"� &$8-��� , �)-�� ,�)��� 30 � �� 2010� � 2 ?�: � T��� ��!���� ����5 4 K5��� 3 � � >����� $8���
�2��*�� T�;����� �!����� &����)� , ��-�� ,H��� �%�K�� ���� ������ $�0 �#��% �A �;����� "�K�� ��0 �� ,);�� ��0 6)�� ���:�� ��!���� �0� ����=�
���� ��$8���� 90������8�� >� �� �2��*� ��!���� ��=$ &���K? ��!�������:��� , ���=�� ?���� �� "%����� ? ��� � � ��:�� � +� ��0 �.
>���� ������ ,2����2� &��!�� '��!0 �� � D M�)� 1���)� ��+ � �09�2+�� , � �����)1( &$��� .�� $8� �76 � "5� �*�95F26 ]�X�� ��25
�2�2�1995 T��8-�� ����� ����8� "���� �$-��� � D M�)��� $ $�� �0 �)�" H���� ? �� �� "� ��2!A .� : +� ����� $-2 ����� 9� "� � =*� ��# �+�. 4���- � < � ����� ��# 12� � ���� ���� .� �� ���� ,)�-�� $ �� ,=�= �� ��H�
���� � ����� &��! ,�� �+� T��� $ $��� � ��� �%)� �� 0$2 �60%)2( $ �� �, ��:�� ,)�-��.
��� ��$#���� $ :�� �� G�=�*� �)� , ���*�2 �� ��� ?� � '�$%��� ?�8�
.../... &$��� ��� , ������10 "5� ����8�� �87F19 , )-� .�$� � =*� ����8�� ? 2�� �H ��� � ���2 , )=�$�� &���� �26F12F1987 "5�� ,)����499 6)� "% $8� $��2 6���N� .��
"#$%-� $��2 �0 �$-�� &����� <�����2 M���2�:�� .������ ��A "�K��, �� ���� �: ��� $- �� ���8�� @�$� &$��8� �5�=� , �;����� , ������A � ��5 �L$-� �0 , )-�� + ����2�� )� ?$�� ���
���(2. )1 (– &$��� G��19 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� : » ?�8� 6���+� .��+ ,:� T72� ��+ � 0 �+ �
�N� ,-2�� , ��� �K��0 �)� �� �� &��! '��!0 �� � D �+�)� M)� �0 .2! ��A ,��$)� ,��=�� M������ � ����� «.���! � �% )� �� �% K��0 , +)2 ,��#� �;����� &$� � �0 9� >�����.
)2 (–�H�� : ,��)��� ���( G �?2�� 4�� �201.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
166
&$��� �� � ��+���17 ����8�� � "5�10F03)1( 3 � � ,��$�� <)� ���5 �� '�� � ���2 �$����15F11F2005 � .�� "5020195)2( » ?�8� T��� � $#���� ,;�
'�$%���� �K��*�2 >�:����+ " H���� �0 4 ����� "+�2 , ;��!��� .��� �� � $ :���, ��:��« .���5 �� '��� �=C "5� .�� � )-�� ,+��� �� �$�� 43216 �� ]�X17F05F2006 »� .��� �� � '�$%��� ?�8� T��� � $#���� ,;� $ :��� , ;��!��
����8)� �82�� , �� ,: H� ,��� � 2 4��� �� ?��� ,:��� ��%2 "%� �L�=� "5� ����8�� ���A �� , ��� �K��0 � &$�:�����87 F19 .��!����2 ?)-���
, ��:��«)3(.
�� 8�� /����
(� ���� ? <�� " ����� �� 6��0��
.�� &$���02 "5� ����8�� �10 F03� 0 �)� �)� ����8�� ��# ?2� �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�� ����8)� ,-K�= �82�� .��+ �����
"5�87 F19. ����� >���� �0 ��- ���+� �0 � �K��* , ��:�� �� ,)(���� �� ��� ? ��,��$)� M) )*��%� @�����(� $-2���� ����0� �K��*� � 9�=0
��:�� "5� ����8�� ? 2�� ?��� � ,10F03 )�#� 8�� @�����.(
)1 (F��� ����8�� >���� , �)-�� ,�5���� '��!0 6����� $�0 �=$� �� &$8-30 �� � 2010 �;�5 :» �A$�%��� ��0 � �2��� ��A �$�-� $�� $#����� ��+ �2 ��� ��� �0 3��� �)� ������ �$# �+ "�
�� � ��A V�*� ��# 1�� � �0 V��:��� �,���22 � �;���)� 12��� ��;����� � ��� �$#�* �%)�0 � $%���� �� �#� ��� ��0 � U����T�;����� 6-�)� M) �%«.
)2 (–�H�� : ,�� �,��$)� <)�� , ;�K8�� ,)���2006> 08. )3 (–�H�� : ,��� � )-)� ,+��� ,)�2006 �> 2 G �389.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
167
*��%� @�����
E�� ��� � -K" ��#� �� �$��%� �=�10�03
,��$�� , +) ��0 �� ��!�2 ��A �, ��:�� �K��N�� �$� .�� �#��$��. �%��0 � >���0 ,-2�0 � �7��� , ������ &��!)� ����� ?�$��)� ,-2���� �K��*�
��K��*)1( �# : .����)� �0 ,��$)� ,-2���� ,����)� &$-�� �0 , ������ �K��*�, )���� �!���2-�� 6����)� ,��=�� .������ '�, ) .� �0 , ������ �K��*�
"5� �*� �K�82 �% 7� "� ���� ,����)� &$-��71F73. � ,8)-��� �K��*�f�-��2)2(. ���*�� ,)%�� �K��*��2 ,+����� �0 �%� M�� � ���� �K ,!���
��# �%2 $��� ���� .� $)2�� �� , ������ &��!�� .� )� � '�%���� $-2 .�%H ����M�*�.
�%� ���!�� �$��� �0,��:�� �� ������ � ��)� ,-2���� �K��*�)3(� ,��8��� "5� "����� 6��262F02F �� ]�X��22 F10F1962� �� �%���� g)2� ���
�����1/3)4( ,����)� ,������ ,������ , ��:�� �K��*� �� G��=��2 �+����,2�=��� ���-�� �#�$�D ����� $�� ����� $-2 "%� , ����� &��%�� ,� ��
)1 (–�H�� : &$���19 "5� �*� �71F73 . )2 (– "5� T��8-�� ����� ����5 �$� �$��90F25 ��>������� , )� � �#��!�� .��+ �%�0 M��
, ������ &��!�� ?�$�� �� ,�$� ��$�2���"5� ����895F26 ����8� "���� �$-�� �T��8-�� ����� �$� �� G�13 ,��=�� , ����� M�*� �K �%: ��� �)�»f�-)� �K��0 ,��$)� �+) �82�...«.
)4��� f�-�� �K��0 ��� $ �)� : ����), -�(?2�� 4�� �(. )3 (– , ��� �K��0 &��:�� M)� ��= ��(���� "�H� �� , ���$�� M��# .��+� ������ � ���� "�H�� ,-2��
,��:�� ��� �0, ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� �% )� ?2� 9�=. ����5 ��(�7� ������ � ���� "�H� �L7� , ��:�� .��!����) &$���47(. , ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� �0�� "5� T��8-�� ����� ��(�7�95F
26 T��8-�� ����� ����8� �$-�� ) &$���75.( )4 (–�H�� : G �?2�� 4�� ���� ��� ,��203.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
168
��8���� .��-�� �$�2 3 �2 �� )��� �� ������� >����� ��# �)� '� ����2 �-�� �� ��)������ $5�g)2 >����� ��# $$�1953 ,��� ��$� , �D ��A
"5� ����8��87F19.
�+&������ , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� ? 2�� ?��� 4 ���2 >���� 1�� �����5 "�H� T* ,-K�=�� � D� �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� M)� �#�
�% )� �� ��� ? 2�� � ���2� �# 1��.� -K� 3�! 6�� �K��*� ��)1( :
������ � V�*� ,-�5 .��+ ��I�10�R# ���� ,��)�� "�0 6)��� >�$ A "� �&�;�$�� < ;� �%�0�� � &� �)� �%� )2�5 6�� �%2 ���� ,$8�� 4 ����� ,���$2 �:+��
, $���5��� �� "%� � ��� �0 .�$�%��� �)� � �;��)� �K��*� 1�� M�� $-2� ,5��$ �� �� ,�����2 ���5 � ��� � ��:�� '��20 ��+� .���� ��� , 2��� ,��:��2.
� ,2����2� �%���� ������ ���� �K��N10 ,����� �� ,��� �8� �� �R#&$��� ,����2 &$$��� 9��8��23 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326:)2( �� ]�X��
23F12F2010 � .� : + $$� T��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �� ��� ?� ? 2�,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2����. ,���$� >���)� V�- 2)� ?���A 6����� �)��
��!��� ��=�.
"5� M����� T������ ������ 6��2 "� �+108 �� ]�X��23F02 F2011 =A �.���� ��� , 2��� ,��:)� &$ $� .��!�� '���I2 ?)-��� �K��*� >�K
"5� ����8�� "�+�72 , �- .��+ ����83F18 �� ]�X��13F08F1983 ?)-��� "5� T� :���� "���)� ,-K�=�� M)� ��+� �, ��:�� , ��8-�� , +)�� &�� �297F483
)1 (–�H�� : � �+), +�( "5� ����8�� �H �� �� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� �10F03 ��������; �,�# ��$2013 G �60.
)2 (F ,��� � @2010 �> 76.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
169
�� ]�X��15 F12F1997 $$��� M�*� � , K�0 4�5 �� �� ?� 1� .� : +��� ,��$)� ,-2���� , ����� � D �� ��� ��A ������ ;�2�0� , ������� .������
"5� ����8�� �� <�+�� ������ ��A � ���)� �2�8��10F03 . , � $�� .$+0 3 � ������� ��# "�+�* � -K�=�� �� ��� 6���0 �0 �)� , ����� M�N� ,�-��
��� 6���0 �%� $ :�� ���� .�� :���� <:� � ��$ :�� ���2 "%+�� � ��� �� "5� ����8��10F03 )1(.
�#� 8�� @�����
@ �8�� �� �$��%� �=� E�� ��� &#"6� � � E 10�03
�!��� ���� �K��*� �%�:� �#� "5� ����8�� �#87F19 –�()��F ��� �8 2��� ���� , ������ >���)� ,��=�� �K��*� �� �!������9 6������ �% �� ��� ��2� �%�$# �%���2 ,;�5 , ���� .���X �# >����� ��# �I� �*� ,8 8�
�)� �0 �!�2 � �!+0� M)� �0 �)-�� 3�2��� � �+��� .���X� ,-2���� >����� �0, ���� $#�-� ,-2����)2(.
"5� ����8�� ��$�2�08F16 �� ]�X��03 .�02008 ����� �K����$� �� G� ���:�� 19 �)� :» ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� .� : + $L$��
����� , �� .���X� .�; %2 ,8�)�� �0 ,��=�� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N�" H���� ? �� �� �% �A &$���� "�%�� « "5� T� :���� "����� �-� �$� �11F06
�� ]�X��10 � �� 2011� �K��*� ��(��� .� : + $$� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:��
)1 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��09. )2 (F &$���4 "5� ����8�� �87F19.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
170
,8�)�� �0 ,��=�� ,��$)� ,��=�� , �-�� .���X��� .�; %��2)1(. &$��� 6��� � , ��!�� ��#"������ , ��� ��� �0 , ��2��� &$��� � ��� ,% .���X�� ��# �����
� ,-2���� &$��� 6��� �$������ � �+���� 3�2���� �� �K��*� ��# �(��� "����� ��# "�+�72 "H��� �� ��� $8� ? �� . ����8�� ? 2�� ?��� � @�=� �+
"5�10 F03 , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�� "5� ����8�� "�+�* �%��(��� �� 4K=� 3 �91F10 �� ]�X��27F04F1991 " ������ "���� �$-�� �5�*�2 ?)-���
� , � :����.
6��� ��A� 1� ������ ��� $8� �% )� G����� ��"5� ����8��10F03 ����8�� �� �% )� G����� ,�-�� $���8�� �% )� ���� ,!��$�� . ,8)-����
.������� ���� ?�8��� 6���+�2. �%2 ��-�� ,)�+�� , )#*��, �$�� ?�8��� &���2� !���� �� � � ���� �2�5 �� ��� ?� �0 � � ��. , )#*� ���� .��+�
&$���2 &��8�� ,)�+��40 ��$�� ����8�� �) $���� �� h�)219 4���� ,)�+ ,�� )� ����� "$� �, )8-�� 9�8��2( &$��� G� �� &$���119�*� � "5� 71F73
�� ]�X��08 �2���1971�)� .��� , ������ &��!�� �K��� :» �+ �)� �(2� �� ?���, ����� ������ � ,��� �+�� �0 , ������ &��!��:
F1��� � ��� $���� �� �(��2 ��+ �0.
F, �$�� ?�8�2 4�� �0.
FV�*� ,$=� � �$2 �#X ��+ �0«. ������ � ���� � ���5 �)=� "�� �K 0 "5� ����8�� �% �A ?��� "� � � �� ������ ��# � ,��:)�87F19 ��8�� �� ��
$ $��� "5�10F03.
)1 (– � ���2 &�$�� � @12/1/2011> �12.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
171
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
����� � #� �� ��< ���<+ ���
"5� ����8�� ��$� �2510F03 G����� &$�:���� ���� ����� �:+ ��+ � �$��� �� �% )�09 �10 "5� ����8�� �87F19 –�()��F� "� � T��$�� $8-�� 1
, � -�� ?�8�)� .2!�� ��8-��,� �0 �)� T���� &�!��)� �����8�� $����� ?8�� ��, ��:��. $8-�� ��# $�$�A �� $ ����� �)-:�� �� ��� �# ,��$�� M�0 � $ ��+�)1(.
"5� ����8�� ��$� $-2�10F03 1� �� �!+0 , 5�$� ,! ��+� ������ ���� "5� ����8�� ? 2�� �� .�� ���� '��=*� M��$� ���A ���87F19� �I�
&���2 ,8 ��2 ��+ � ,��$�� M�0 &��$A ? �� �� �� ��� $�8� 1�� ?2�� �2 ������� ������ ���$ 4 5��2 , )-�� 2��� ��� $)� �;���� � $�� �� �K��N� ���� ��� 6��� �!����� , ��:��� ��� $�� �� � � =*� ��# 6)� ,���$ $-2
, ;���� ,��)�� �� ��� ���� �0 ,�5���� .�:)�� V�� �0 ��25 �% 0� �)� 5�� <2� T72 ,2����. ,��$�� M�0 &��$A �� � �� ��� $8� ��$�A ��A �����
2 ,8)-��� .�'����� ��+����� ���) � � � ��# ������ .�'���� � " $8� 3 ��� ��� $8� �)� ������ .�:))�� /��%��G�(. "! 8� ��$�A�� ��� $ )�� /��
���� 8(.
)1 (F2�$� �0 � )5A G�=�� ������2 ,)! ,��$�� .��+. ��$� $-2� , ����� M�*� ����5 "5�90 F30 � �� ]�X�01F12F1990 F"���� �$-��F� &$��� 6��2 $�8-�� ��$�I2 G���=�� 1�120
, ����2 )+�� � ���� ��A �� ������ � ���� $�8� 4 � �� ,��$�� "��2 � =*� ��# ��� 3 �,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� �K��*� �%��K� ��+ ���� .����� 42���� �% )� �:K �. "! , ���� � �� "�5
�� �$�� ���5 6��220 �:���1992 ,��$�� M�0 T� $ ��A , ���� $�8-�� $�$�A ,�)� 1�2.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
172
��%� /����
#���� #� �� ��< *�< ����� B �� �
, ��� &�!�� �� �K� �+� &$��8+ 1� �� ��� $8� �0 ?2� � � ������� "5� ����8�� "�+�0 � $�:��� , $�� "0 .��+ , �87F19 �� ]�X��08F12 F
1987� �+ $8� '��!���� 6�2 � 1� "% )� .�� � �=C G�=�0 ��A �� ��� &$���17 ����8�� ��# �� '���A� ���� ?��.� &$$�. ������ �) � �� .�2)���
�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���2 ,8)-���� ���*� ,;:�� � ,$8��)�� @���
%����(� $$��� � �!���� .�2)� ������ "!.�2)��� T0 t ,8)-��� $8� �)� ������2 �� ����)� &� ��* � &������ �K��*)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
����� / ����� & �#�� B "�6� � #� � & *�+
&$��� .��03 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 ?;�!��� � ,��� �)� � ����� 6)�2 ?��� �0 �(2� �� �!������� ?�� &�����"�����2 ?�)�� @�)1(
���0. �, ����� �-��� ,5��2 � ,=��� �, �$�� ,���)� , $�� &$�%�)2( .� � ,=�������� ���5 �0 , ��8-�� ,H�����2 �%��� �)�*� $8-��� � �0 $ $�� ��= � ,=��
$�$��� "��� � �01��� �)� , $)2�� ����� �$�"� � � 1� ��= � @�=�� " $8�
)1 (F "5� "����� �K� 10F326 �� ]�X��23 �2� $2010 ?� ? 2�� .� : + $$� T���3�! ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �� ��� ?��t �� &��2� ��*�
�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���2 ?)-�� &������)"5� ?�)��02 ( $�� ,5��2� @��� �# ���!���&�!���� M�0� )"5� ?�)��03 ( ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� ���� ���$ �K� 3��!���
,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� )"5� ?�)��04(. )2( F���� � D 6)��� 6��� �0 � $+7�)�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
173
�K��*�)1(.
2 6)��� ?�� �+� � $�� �K�� "�����2 ?���� @����� ?�� ��+ "5� T� :����10F326� � ���� 68�� "�� � �!����2 ,��=�� .��� 2�� �K�
�-��� ,5��2 "5�� $� � ��:�� &�!���� .��� 2 ��A ,��KA ,� ��� �%-5� ��%��+)�� �� U���� 4 5�� 4 �K��� �)� ? $����� � =*�� �)� 4��5 .�2!I+
� &$����� .��)-�� ,��. �K 0 6)��� �K� � �!���� � ���� 1 ��� "5� ����8��2 &��8�� �������2 '����� �K� )� ?$��87F19� � "� � +��
"�0 �$�$�A"�0 "%) !�� �$ :���� ,!�� $�0 "��2 ?!��� ��� ��� $�� �K��N� ��������� ���$ 4 5�� '��!0 , ��:��)2(.
$5�� >�:���� ?� � ��� , )� .��� 62�2 ��� 2+ ��=7� �� �� ?� ��A ";�$� ��� ,8 !� " )�� , )� �% K�8� ���� ���B�pr4bis� �� �K��72 �*� ?)-�
�,��� , ���0� 62�2 ?;�!��� 4 � �)� .�:)�� '����� "$�0 �� ������%; �)�,K5��� ?;�!�� ) &��+��� M)�� ,82�� � D $���� ,;�5 �� ,� 2�� , ����� M�*������� ���$ ��(. 62�2 �0 �� � ;�KA "$-+ ������ ���$ �� G;�8� $���
)1 (F "5� , )-��� .�$�10672 � ���2 , ����� M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� ��31F10F2011� ,8)-��� � � ��:�� � �!���� ,2��� 4�� ���� ���-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1�2
1��� � ,8 !��� ��# ��$�A�2 �-� �K��*� 1���� M�0 1��� ?��� �)� 48� �%2 ,2����� �0�,��$�� ?!� �%�:�2 ,��$��.
)2 (F������ ���5 �0 �)�*� $8-�� � ,=��2 )�� ?�� $ :���� ,!��� ,2����2� "��2 ,K �:�� $8� 4���� �)� � -� �";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ������� ,��� �� �0 �M��%�� �%��� ����� $8-�� " $8� "%� ���
2��2 ��� T��� �)�*� $8-�� � ,=�� 6��� ��A �"% �A , ��8-�� ,� -�� ?�8��� ��8��� .2! T���?�8��� M)� �)� �������.
)�H�� : � �+), +�( G �?2�� 4�� �73(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
174
$ :����)1(.
"5� , )-��� .�$� �#� D� 6�2�*� ��%�3085 �� ,=�X��11 � ��02011 , � $�� �� , ����� M�N� ,�-��� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1�2 ?)-��
��-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:��. .'��� �! �� 2�$��� � ,���2 , )= '���A ������ ��� $�� ��8)� ) �+ �� $����� 6 -�� �0 ,�5���� ?;�!��� $ $�� �%�%
, ��:�� �K��N�. �)� .������ $ $���� �2� "$� ?�� , ����� 9���N� ?2�� ���� �� ��� $8� � ���2 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� .��=X ��+�. � �0 , K�*� ,���
";�$�� >�:���� ?� $8� �� ,��$�� M)� �# �� ��� $8� �K �%� �$� 6������ �L0�%��- $ $�� "� "� ���� , ��:�� .��!����� *� 1� 1��� �)� � -� �I� �K��
���B� 6�50 �� �%2 ,��=�� "��-�� $ $�� .���= $�$�A.
B ,2����2�.�2)��� >�$2A ���� �%����� "$� '����� � &$��� .�� $830 � "5� ����8��10F03 �%� ���*� &�8:�� ��� ��72 ���� �!�� �+ $ 8� &���K �)�
18 ��%�� �� &$ ���� �� ����8�� ��# ��� � '�$�2�, ��� � ����� 6)� >�$ A ��0 �� , ��!�� �%��8� �� &$��� .��K0� :» � ����A $-2� )� G����� ��*� '�K8�� $��
�K��N� ������ ��� $�� � 6)�2 �;�K5 �K� �%�2! $��� �%� &��:2 � $��2�, ��:��.
�0 �� ��:�� ���!���� �2�- � "%��2)� ���$� "� � ��� "%�!� �� � )=�"%5�8�«. &$��� 6���09 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326� "$� ,��� �� �I�
&$��� �� �% )� G����� .�������� ���B�2 $ 8���30 ���0� $ :���� ?� �8�
)1 (–�H�� : "5� , )-���11F87 �� ,=�X��05F09F2011 �� &�$���� M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� ?� ��A ��-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� U���� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���2 ?)-�� , �����
�� ���.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
175
,H����� �� ��� ������ � ���82 , ��8-��)1(.
&$ '�K8�� ,��� �� ��A18 � �� �% )� G����� ��%� &$��30 ����8�� � "5�10F03 )2(�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�2)� " $8� ��$�I� � ��
!�� �0 ��-�� ��A ��0 �����A , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $���� 3 � ��0�;�K5 �K� ? �� �� � �� �( )2� ������ g )2�2 >����)3(� �� ��# ���+� "
2 '�������*� ����J� ��-�� ��!�� ��$ �%� &$ '�K8�� $-)4(.
&$��� 6�� , $�� ,:�2 "$8 � ����� 6)� �0 �+���2 � $����02 ����8�� � "5�10F03 �-2�� �, $�� ,:�2 �� ������ �I� M���. �0 � 4� � ��# �+�
�%� ;� �� ,)! &�!���� "��2 �� . )2��� �K� ")�� '���� &�!���� �K� g �� g )2��� �I� �"%5�:��2 � -�� �%;�K�0 �! )�� �0 , $�� ,:�2 , ����� , ��:��
)1 (F 6��2 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � � $ :���� ,;:� ,2����2 ��+�0 � ! � $5 G��� ��# ? 2�� ��+ ��A��� �I� ������� � ���5 ,H�����2 �%�� ��� ��� $8� 6��2 � $ :���� ,��� �� 48 ��+
�, ��8-��� � ���5 �0 ��� �# �'��� �T��$�� ����8)� ,�-�� $���8��� ,2��+�� ?�8��� 0$2� �8 2��";�$�� >�:���� ?� �)� $ :���� ���� �%���0 �)� ���� , $5�-��� ,5�-�� �%� ������� �0 � � � $8-��
�� -�� ��!0 6��� �)� , ��$�� .����8�� T��� �0 ��*� bT��8-�� �%��� .�'���� ��K= $-2?2�� �����5 "�H� �H �� �-�� �!72 T��� �� �28����� ����� 3 � � G���=�� $���8� ������ .
��5 �# , ��$�� .����8�� , -�� "$� &$��5 �0 T��$�� '�K8�� �� 2 ")���� �%�:��= '���� �&�C &$ T��� � ������2� �.�'��!��� �% )� $�� &$��8�� ��# �0 � D ��-���� �!*� �� T��$�� ���8�� ���2 �#
�%5��A �)�. ����8�� G�2 , -�L��� ,��2A .�'��!���� M)� � 2 ��� &��$J� �L�= �0 >��)� ��� �A�� �!72 ,� - .����5 �$�� �0 1 �� G�2 ���� ,�-�� ,�)��� �! >���� �0 ��2��� �)� ��-
�%8 8�� ��A &��$�� �-��. )�H��: www.startimes.com/?5=14545538(
)2 (F&$�� ��%2 $ 8��� "� "� , )-�� , ����� �� ��� "� , ��:�� .��!���� "H- ���� �� �)� $-2 �� ��� "D� �� ��� $�8�6 "5� ����8�� ��$� �)� .����10F03.
)3 (F &$���406 "5� ����8�� �08F09 �� ]�X��25F08F2008 , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �K��� , ��$���) ,��� � @2008 �>21.(
)4 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H�006.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
176
� �=� �( )2� �2�- � ������ ��)+.
M�� ��$ ���� 6�2�* � �=� ��L��� g )2��� ��-� ��A�� �K� 6� D ,���+, ��:�� &�!����� ��� �� "� ��A �� �� g )2��� $- � ���+� �8 �� �0 �)�*�.
��� �� g )2��� "� �0 �0 - � 8�� �);�� $���0 $�0 g )2��� ")�� �0 �:+ ����=��� g )2��� ��+ �A� , )#*�2 �-�� g )2��� �8)� T��� G=��� ��+ �0 ,� ��J� �2�5��2�.
'�X# � ��L��� g )2��� �K� "���� V�� ,��� ���� �� �0 )� 4 5���� V,�2�� 4K� �0� M��2 ��K� �;�K8�� �K��� �;$�� ��� � �������-)� ,=��
"�����2 ��-�0 4 ,�K ,����2 ����� g )2��� �. ��# �� ��L��� g )2��� �2�- ���=��� g )2��� ,2�!2 ,������ $ �2�� "�= � ��� � ��*� 6�� �)1(.
� $ :���� ��+ ��A �0g )2��� .5� ����- ���� M) � �K��� ��� ��%� ��K� �;�K8��2�%2 "�5 ���� .�'����� �+� ��- ��� $��� "$-2 $ :� �����
$ :��)�. ��A ������2 ��-��� 4 ,�K ,����2 g )2��� �K� � ,=�� �����$ :��)� ��� �=C� )2��� ,2�!2 ,8 ���� ��%2 g )2��� �2�- ���=��� g )2( .
� ����� .�2)� >�$ � , ����8�� ����� ��!��� "$� �A� � ������ ��+�$��� �%�2 � $��2���� ������ � ���5 ��$� )2�8 )3( ��!���� ?�8� ��8�I2
)1 (–�H�� : &$���411 ����� ����5 �, ��$��� , �$�� .�' T�;�����. )2 (–�H�� : &$���412 ����8�� <:� �. )3(F �,��$)� �! �:�2 T��8-�� H:���� ,��$�� M�0 T� $ �)� �%��� , ��;� ,�)� ����)� �A
����8�� "�+�0 �)� '��2 "5� 90F09 �� ]�X�� , ����2 ?)-���07F � ��01990 ) � @ ,���1990� > 15 .( � � $�� �$�$-� �� "K T��� , ���� <)� < ;� �:�2 �, ���� 9��� �)� ,�+��� 6�$��
T��8-�� H:���� ,��$�� M�* � ;���� . "5� T� :���� "����� �%�K� ���� "�+�*� ��A ,��K��2 ��#94F215 �� �%)+� #� , ���� �� ,�-�� &��$�� &�%�0 $ $�� �K��� �� ]�X14 � �� 1994) � @
,���1998 �> 48 ( &$��� G�� T����21 �)� � :»'������ ,�)� .�� ������ ��� .../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
177
�%�, ��8-�� ,H����� �� ���8�� ��# �� &$�)� �8 2��9 "5� "����� �10F326 .�� ��# �� H����� �0 �"�8 &$�� � .��)��� � &�$���� , ��$�� .����8�� ��� "�
, )���� , ���� �8 �� �LA �0 2��) &��� �� ���)� �� �= ,; % �+�0 �� �0 , $, �� , ��$A� T$)2 ��� ? �� �� >������ �� �%�� �����2 �0� �02 �� �#���
����)1(. &$��� �+�09 .�� ���05 �%� �)� $ :���� ?�8�� �8��� ������ ���, ��8-�� ,H����� ��. T��$A $8� �� ���8�� ��# 6� 6� )� '��2�)2( �)�
,��$�� M�0 &��$A 9���� ���5 ���D �)� , ��8-�� ,H�����2 ��%� ���� ���, �-�� ,-:��� ��0 � , +)�� >��)3(.
�#� 8�� @�����
B "�6 ����� E#� 8�� ��
&$��� �� � ��+��� G�=�*� $$��� � �!����2 $�8 17 "5� ����8�� � 10F03 "#� �!����� .�� , ��:�� &�!���� � � 82��� �� ��� 6���0 �
.../...�%���� 65�� , ���� �� &$����� ,��$�� 1��� �� ?�� � � ��=��« . &$��� G���24 ��)� :»���2 ������ ��-)� �0 , ���� <)� '�K�0 �)� 6� �%2 ��):+� ���� ��X��� ���� �)� "�H
,���� .� ;����� �0 .����$��� � ��8���� .��)-�� 4 �2 ��()2 �« . &$��� G���25 » ��� � ���� ,�)�� 42���� >��8)� ,�-�� ,:���� ���� �� � �%� � �8� � �� �+ ��A ������« . G����� ��%�
��� , )��� ,�)��� �#�H U�K�2 ��2� ,��$�� M�0 1��� �:H�� ���X� �)� ������ �%��� ��;���� 9����� �)� � $������.
)1(–�H�0 : $�2�)����(� �4 ������ ���)� $$��� ��$ ��;����� �T��$�� ����8�� �� <��*� �2 G �192. )2 (F�)+��� ���- ��# $8-��2 $�8 � � �$��A ?���� < ��� � �%� � , �(��� ��# '�: ��� $-2 �;���� ���8�
�+���� ,��$�� ��A ��8���� $ :���� "��2 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� '�(�A �#. )3 (F �� ��8�� '�����2 � �-�� � $ :���� �7�2 '���A T0 �=� "� �0 ��$�� ��$ )� �����= ��= �
&$���09 "5� "����� �10F326 �72 ��= "� ������ �0 �2 3 ���� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A .)K�� "#� "5� ����8�� ? 2�� '�� �)� T�5 ��X �#� "%�7�210F03 , �$2�� ��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
178
�� �� 6���0 � $$-� .�, �8� �0 , )� .�#X "%� � ��� G�=�*�� ��$8 ��%������ &�!���� � �-�)� 4 ���. 3 �G�� &$���25 � :���� "����� �T
"5�10F326 ������ � G =�� $-2 &������ �K��*� 1� �)�� ? �� ��, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� 2 �$�2 T��� 1������ �0 ���A .� : + $$�� �
,��:��2 )+�� � ���� � ���82 � ������ �� �=� � �-� 1�����. �$� �-:��2����8�� "5�1344 �� ]�X��11 �2���2012 , ����� ,��:�� � �� �� �$��
, )-�� 1K� , : ���)1(
����0 ���8�� �)� '��2� �� �����2 , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� "�8 � � ��� � � � �� �5*� �)� &� @�$� .����A ? �� �� 1�����) , 2�-�� � �(��2
, ���:��� ( ��+��;��$� , �� �8 �� ?�) ���I2 �K��*� $���� ��+ .� $)2�, �-��� �+ ��� ���:�� >��8)� ,-2���� .�; %��)2(. �K��*� $ $�� ����� �K� � �
�1����� )� �>�$ �� ��+ �� ���� , �%� .�2)��� >�$ A. � ��+ �$��� 1���� �, �8�� , )� .�#X $� �0 6� �I� �2)� ?� ,���� � �-� >���2
&�!����.
.�2)��� ,���$ "��� ������ ��� $�� � $ �%�0� ,��= ,��� �� �, ��:�� �K��N�� , ����� , ��:�� ,��()� "�-�� � *� � ,��+�� � ,�)� < ;���� , : ��� ,; %���, 5 , ��:�� 1����� , � $ 9��� �)� ��!���� ���� < ;� "�8,��:)� ���:�� 3 � �1����� � "$8�� >����� " 8� ,��)�� ��# ������ �)�
, ���� .��$8��� , �8���� , )-�� .�#X��� .���!���� e���22 ?)-�� � �- <��0�
)1 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��08. )2(F�H��:
Article n :4 arrêté n° : 1344 du 11 novembre 2012 définissant les modalités d’appels a
candidature et des critères de droit des candidats a la concessions des terres agricoles et des
biens superficiaires du domaine privée de l’état rendu disponibles.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
179
���C� �(��� 6��� 3�$�A� .������ ���2�� @���A� ������� � �=C �� - �+, ���� e���2 4 ";�� , ��:��� 1����� ���A �� �$ $�� "� T���.
,��)�� �� � � ������ .�:) ,���$ $-2� �, )-��2 ,:)+�� � ,=�� ��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� ,�-�� , � $�� ��A �%��(�0 �K�� V�- T���
� ��28�� � ������ '��72 ,;�5 ������ �)�� �$ 4 5�� �#$-2 "� � 4 ������ ����28�� 1����� � ��� ������ ���$ ,��$�� M�0 � $ ��A 1����� )2 �8��
�� ��� $�$�A $�5 , ��)�F�� 2 ��7 � �+F.
$8� �&������ �K��*� �)� ��!���� $%� ,2����2� T������ ������ G� "5� M�����108 �� ]�X��23 F02F2011 ��!�� '���A �)�. , ��� &$ $�
.���� ��� , 2��� ,��:)�� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �)�� .�'���A ?��$ $��� T$���5��� ������� 4K��� �#�K�5�. � $ :���� �0 �)� ������ G� $5�
���) �� ��� ?� �F� ,);�� .���� �� ���F� �� &����� ��(�*� �����2= e���2�� ��6 �%�0� �� ��� $8� " )�� �)� ���� . 6)� �)� '��2 $8-�� '�(�A "� �
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��� �� �% )� G����� .�������2 ��=�� ,��� �������� ���$ $��2.
�-�� �� ��� 6���0 ���!���� $ :�� �������� ��%2 �� .�� :���� ��� �� �% )� G����� &$�19 ,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 �2011� .�� ����
&$��� �� &$$��� 9���*� g)2 �)� .�K :=� ? 2�� �)�41 , ���� ����5 � ,��� �) +���2010� &$ $��� .��!��)� ,2����2 �� ��� ?� �2�8 ,��:)� , 2���
�� M�N� ,-2���� &������ �K��*� �)� .���� ���,��$)� ,��=.
&$� ,;:�� ��%� �� ��� 1� �40 $ $��� ,)2�5 ,��� �2�5 � D �� �� �+������ ��A � ���)�� �� �8� ,��� .�� ,-�5 � $ :���� �� ��� 6���� �+ �
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
180
10 9$� 6)� �0 �R# , : ��� , ����� ,��:�� M�2V�82 $ �� ) ����� � "�$���+%�� �� @ .�100.000.000 &�!���� ,��� .5�� �� @$10 3 � ����+#
�� V�8)� ���K M�2)� ,2����2 �� ��� �+� �� � ���A �� ��#� �U��R2"T$���� V�5")1(. �9�=0 � �� , 0 � &$�:���� �!��)� �+ � &���� �%2 �$�2�
���� ���:�� $ $���� ,�� � ���A �� , : ��� , ����� ,��:���: )2(. $ :�� �+�!����� � �, : ��� ,�$�%)� , �;����� ,��X�� 1��� � , �=� ,8��� �
&��� ��= 9���*� 4�$ � ��:- �10 ,����� ,����� .��+ �% �.����)3(.
,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 ��$�2 �0 �+���2 � $����2011 &$��� 6��2 "� �19 :=� ? 2�� �� .��!����2 ,8)-��� �� ��� $�8� �)� &���*� g)2 �)� .�K
&$��� �� &$$��� M)� �� �.���� ��� , 2��� ,��:)� &$ $���41 , ���� ����5 � ,��� �) +���2010�$ #� �()2 �%��� $� �� �2�-� ����� � . .�K :=��� ? 2��2�
,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 �� &��8��2011 g)2 �� &��2� &���*� g)2 12� � V�%��� �� >���� ,2D� �)� �$ � ��� ��� ?� 4 6���� � ��8� T��
���:�� ��!���� �)� "%- ���� � ��:�� � :=� ��= � ���:�� >��8��2.
(1)
-Le crédit ‘ETTAHDI’ est un crédit d’investissement actoroyé par la BADR, dans le
cadre de la création de nouvelles exploitation agricoles et d’élvage sur les terres agricoles
non exploitée relevant de la propriété privée du domaine privé de l’état.
Liste des actions éligibles du crédit d’investissement ‘Ettahadi’ انظر Htt/www.ONTA.dz
)2 (F "5� ������108 �� ]�X��23F T�: �2011?2�� 4�� �. )3 (–�H��:
Ministère de l’agriculture et du développement rural, Guide des procédure des dispositif de
création de nouvelles exploitations Agricoles et d’élevage (Circulaire interministérielle,
N°108, du 23 Février 2011, Note N°246, du 24 Mars 2011).
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
181
� �� 8�� /���
� #� �� ��< ����+
� ��A �� ��� $8� �)� ������ .�2)� " $8� $-2 �K��N� ������ ��� $�, ��:�� +��� ��%� ��� �%����$ �� ,��)��V�(�� ��%� ,!$����� , ;�����
��, ���� 9��� �)� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A ��A �%����I2 .�:)�� ,�5�� �%��� ,5��� 6��� �!����� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� � 2 45��� ������ ���$2
�� ����� ��� $8� $�$�� � , ��8-�� ,H����� �� ��%��. � ��� �� M #���� , ��:�� &�!���� , 5��2 ����� ����5 6��2 ,!$����� , ��:�� .��!����
���:���) � �� � ������ �� ��� $8� 1� , )� �� ,)=$��� &�%�*�)�� @���%�*��(� "!���� ,�)��� �)� �-�� ,�$8-�� ��%� )�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
S� � ����� �� B �#A�� ��< � #� ��
, ��:�� .��!���� � �;�%�� "+)� ��H�)1( ���K� ��H��& � , )� �� >����"% )�� ��� ��� $8�, 5�$���� , ��:��� � ���A ��� 8� , �+� 1��� '���A "� $� #�� ,��� , �%� �+������ 6����� �2� ��� $)� �;���� � $�� ���A .�� �-�
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ . "�� 3 � ���� .�; %�� ��# "�0 &���2 .�:)�� >�$ A , )�2 ,)! ��+���, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� �;���� � $� ���$ 4 5�� ���� ������ 4 ������5 8� �0 <72 �� ��!�� $�� � ) , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��.
)1 (F g)2�$$ ,� ���5 , �� 9��� �)� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � � $ :����3325 $ :��� �)� � ���429 , ��� , ��� &�!��1194 � ,��$-�� "�0 ,K��-�� .����� �0 , $�� &�!��- �%27 &���) )� ��� "�5�0 ,�� ,� ���5 , ��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� � �%2015.(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
182
������ ��� $��2 �- ��+ ������� U��J�� ���A &�+� $�-� 3 �; ��A��8���� ���*� .� �$2��� ���� &�D���� �K��*�2 �:+�)� M���C ,�)��� �)-��� � 0
���-�� �%+��� ��� � ���� .� ���-� 4 ,��$�� ,5�� " H�� ��+����. , �%� 4 �+���� $�� ��# �� ,�)��� .)=� .�� ���� &���� ? - ����5�� 2 ��%� ��A ����� ��H�
���:�� >��8�� �L���. e���2� ,�)��� �d�2� , �D ��A ��� �)� 4K��� L������)+ %�� � $-���� "5� T� :���� "����� ��= � $ $� � &�+:�� ��# '� �A "� 3 �
96F87 � �� ]�X�24F02F1996)1( �K��N� ������ ��� $�� '���A �K��� ,����� "�%��� ��� L$)� � H���� ����� $$� T���� , ��:��2 .
������:�� >��8��2 V�%��� ��0 ���0 ��+��� T� :���� "����� � $-� "� $8� "5� T� :���� "�����209F339 �� ]�X��22F10F2009)2(. � �)� ��2� �H �+
��� $)� �)-:�� $����� $L��� "�� ?��� ����8�� ��$� $-2 �A "5� 10F03 3 ��� ��� $�8� 1� �� ��-� ��$ � ���� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A 6��� ��A.
� ,2����2�, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� , ����8�� ,- 2�) � �+� ��� $�� �=� 2���� .�� ,�-�� ,; %��T������� ������� 4� , ��-�� , �=���2 4�� �)3(
����� ��8������ � ,��$�� 4 �5�� �� 4K= �����8) T��$��. ����� $- � � ��� (�� 4 ��5�� ��. "�%2 ��� $�� �:+� � �,��:�� &���� , ��� .�� �- �
�� , �� ��� � :��� ,��$�� &�$0 �2�- 3 � , �-�� ,$=�����:�� ����� �� , ���.
���� $�� �+�� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ "�� � $� &��$A <)� � . 3 �
)1 (F �� ,=�X �� @28 T�: �1996 �> 15 . )2 (F � @� ,���2009> � 61. )3 (F &$���05 "5� T� :���� "����� �09F339 �� ]�X��22F10F2009.
� .� K�8� �$ %� "�%�� V-2 "����� ��# �K0 $8�� "5� ����8�10F03 �H �� �$� �0 � � � "5� ���:�� ����� ����508F16.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
183
,��:�� � �� � <)��� �+�� �� ;�� .������� , ����� �$-�� &���� �)!�, ���-�� ,; %���� , ����� M�*�� , )���� , ����� ,��(�� �� � �!A � )!�
,��:)�. � '�K�*� � -���82 $ $��)� ,)2�5 .���� 3�! &$� ,��:�� � �� �)1(� )��� 4�� �< , $�� � D� , $�� .���$ ��. �� ��1 �� ��K�2 �A ����$
,� �2�� , 2)D*�2 .����8�� �=��� �5*� �)� '�K�*� $$�� �$�-� ,��� ���< ;��� .�� 1�� .���*�. 0- � "�-�� � $�� � � �� �� �L�*� ��X��� �2�
��� $��,��:��2 )+�� � ���� U���5� �)� '��2 �T� :�� "���2 � - �. �� )! �'�K8�� "�0 , �$�� ���0� <�� � ,�)���� $=���� 4 , )���� � � ��8��� $-
, ��� ��� �+ ���2 .�8:��� 4 � "�2 .
���� $�� ���� K��N� ������, ��:�� � 4K� �%2 U���� , ��:�� �K��*���(���� $ 5 ,)(�� � D �%�0 �)�� 4 2�� �0 ��� �� �0)2( . � )�-��� ��� �� �+ &$�)� ,:��= .�8:� ���20 � ���55 ����5 �T��8-�� ������ 4�� ��)� ��-���
� 3 $�� ��A ,�$�%�� , ����� , �8��� �;����� ,��+� , ��:�� .��!����� $ $�� �)� �%� �%���)-"�H���2 . �0 �%�$�-���2 "�5 ���� , ��:�� .��!���� �� �������2 "��) �+
6�2��� � ��:�� &$;�:� �%�; %�� ,-:�)� "%�� +) >�� , )� �� ����+ � ��� � ��:�� �0,�-��.
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� "�% �0)� �82� ����810F03 "������ "5� � T� :����10F326 �� �!�� �%�I� � ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� '���A � :���� ��� ?� .�? ����� � ����� .�:) ,���$ G��=2 , ;���� ,��)�� 4 6)��� ����
�%2 U���� 4;�5��� �0 ?;�!��� � ?8���� 6)��� ���� �0 , ) +� .��)-� � 4 5����
)1 (–�H�� : ,��)��� ���( G �?2�� 4�� �281. )2 (– � �8 2�� &$�)51 T��8-�� ����� ����5 �.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
184
�!���� 4 ������ ���$ �)� �� ��� 6���)1( �� M�0 &��$A ��A .�:)�� ����A�!�� �+ "��2 �� ��� $8� $�$�A $�5 ,��$�� �� � �!���� ��A �� ��� $�8� " )��
�� ��� 6���0)2( ��� :�� 9$ ,25�� � �� ��� 6���0������"% � � � G����� �% )� ���� $�� 4 45��� ������ ���$ �� �� �K� ,-:��� ?� ,���
�� ��� ?� �� ������� ,��� ��� @��= , ��+I2 ,8)-��� .�2)��� �� ��:��� �, $�� &�!�� '���A� >� ��� ,��� � �� ��� 6��� �!���� 1� �+ G =����
G=�)� �� �� ?� � �!+0 6���+�2 ���A �� $����� "5� "����� "�����97F490 �� ]�X��20F12F1997)3( � T���, ��:�� �K��*� ,;��� ���� $$� . �+
,% ��� $)� �+��, ��:�� .��!���� �K��0 ��(���� �� ��� $8� ��� ,��� ���0 �� � �!���� $�0 &��� ,���� ��!�� "$-� �!���� ?�8� ��8�A ,��� �� �0
� '����, ����8�� ���B� �� � ����� � � �K5 $��� ,��� �� ��+�� .�%��� "�0 ,8�, ;�K8��.
�+ &$��� .��06 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �� ]�X��23 �2� $2010� ������ �%�0�� , ;�� ,��� � +�� �)�� ���� .�:)�� ,���- ��0 �
, ) +� .��)- �%����$ 6)���� �� �0 UL���� 4;�5��� � �0 ?;�!��� � �88�� ?��, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� 6��� ��A 8� �%� ��%2 � � ��� , )� �� 8�����
)1 (F &$��� G��14 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 � �K��N� ������ ��� $�� "�8 �0 �)� , ��:� &$��� "�+�0 �� )� G����� ������ ���$ 4 5�� .� )+�2 )�� ,���$ $-204 "5� ����8�� �10 F
03 �!�� �+ "��2 �� ��� $�$�A $�5 ,��$�� M�0 &��$A ��A )�� ��� �. )2 (F &$��� G��15 2 �� ��� $8� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A ���� �0 �)� �:� "����� � ��A ���� $L��
� ����� .� )+� ��+��� $-2 �� ��� 6��� ��A ���$2 ()2 T��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� &$�)� �8 2��10 "5� ����8�� �10F03 , 5��2 �� , ��:�� &�!���� � ���2 ��� $�� "�)� ����
T� :���� "����� �� �%� �� .$�� ���� , ��:�� .��!���� "5�10F326 .��!���� <�%:2, ��:��.
)3 (F � @ ,���1997 �> 84
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
185
�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?�. .�:)�� ,���$ �� ,��)�� , 5�$� ��0 ��� $��� �0�%�) +�� �K�� 6;���� ���8�� ��A ����)� .�; # &L$�� � ����� .�2)� �7�2
$��� ���� �+����� , )-��. ,��)�� ��# �+����)1(� �K��*� 1� � $ � � � $ �'��2��� � -���� �,��$�� M�0 � $� �, ��8-�� ,H����� � $� 1����� � $
� )5A ,��=�� ������ M�$�� ,��� �!� �, ��:��)2(.
�2� �$� "� .�:)�� ,���$ $- ������ )�� �K� �� �% �A ������ e;�����, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� �;���� � $�� ��A� ,��)� �;�%��� ���8��2 �8���
�� ��� 1�� )�� ��25 �K� T���� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ���� �����-�� 4 ������ ���$ 4 5�� �, ��:��� &��$A ��A )�� ����A� $�5 ,��$�� M�0
�!���� "��2 �� ��� $�$�A. .�:)�� ��25 "$� ,��� �� �L0� ����5 �$� ������ �I� 9�=0� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� �;���� � $)� � ,=�� ��� V�L���2
$ :��)�. ������ "�0 ")H� " $8� � =*� ��%� ?� �� ;���� ,��)�� < ;� ���2���2 ,� ����� .�:) ,���$2 ,:)+��� &���2 ������ ����5 $K '�(��� 9��$ 4�� �#$-2� ,��=�� , ;�K8�� .�%��� "�0)3(.
#� 8�� @������
� #� �� ���� �� �� ��#A��
�� �� ��� $8� $�$�A "� ,��$�� M�0 .� )� ,�)�� "�0 G��=��2�
)1 (–�H�� : &$���07 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �� ]�X�� �23 �2� $2010. )2 (F ,� ���5 , ��� �� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�:) ,���$� , ;���� ,��)�� 6 ��� "�
��8�� 6��2 "5� �;���� �671 � ���2 �$����02 T�2011 )"5� ?�)��05(. )3 (–�H�� : &$���8 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
186
.�������� , ��$�� $�8-�� 6�+� � ,��� 4 ? �����2 �� ��� $8� $�$�A "� � ��$�� � :H���� , ����2 ,��$�� M�0 &��$A � $ ���A .���. �� �$�$�A "� ��I�
M��� L$-�� @����� 6�� �;�%��� )+�� VL�:�� G=��� ���2���2 � $)� ��� �I� )� , ���� '�:K� ;�KI2 �����5 ��#X���)1(. �� �0 � D� � �� � $�8-��
� ;�8)� ��+ � ,��$�� M�0 , � $� , ����2 d)+�� � ���� � V �:� $-2 �2)2(.
&$�)� �8 2���324 ��$�� ����8�� � �T�;����� ,��$�� M�0 � $ �)� 6� ��)� $�$� �� �� ��� $8� �L�� �0 , ���� ��� "��2 �� ��� $8� ��� ��I�
����=� $�$� @��= �% K��0 48� , ��� &�!�� ��A ��� �!��� $8-�� ��+�� ���2 G�= � D G=� � �$� �* 1 �� � D.
����8�� �% )� G� ���� .� )+��� �� ��� $8� � ��� �� ���� �+� T0 "5� T� :���� "�����2 ?�)�� @�����10F326. 2��� &$�)� �8324 ��+2 �
��;����� ��$�� ����8�� �% � '�� ����» �0 &'�:+ "$� 62�2 ����� � D $8-�� �2�- ���� ���+ �+��� "�$-�� �0 ��-�� �2�K�� , )#0«� T��� �� ��� $8� �2�- �I�
���� $8� $L�� , ����8�� .� )+���� ������ �� ��� �� ���� "�� �+ � 3 �2K=A T��8-�� H���)�T��8-�� �%��� .�'���� ��� � �2�-� ���� , �L�)� �$�8���T��8-�� �%��� $���5)3( .
)1 (–�H��: �� ]�X�� T������ ���8��15 "�� 6��1412 � ?�����20 � �� 1992 V �:� 1� �K���� $�8-�� $�$�� , ���� �� ,��$�� M�0 T� $�,��=�� ,��$�� M�* ,-2���� , ��8-�� .�+)��� "%� ���.
)2 (F &$��� G��175 "5� T� :���� "����� �91F454 �� ]�X��23F11F1991 ����� $$��� ,�-��� ,��=�� , ����� M�*� � ��� &��$AF� �$-����"�F� 1� �0 , ���� � ��� �+ �72
� ���5 6��2 �K �:� �A &$���� "�%�� <:�2 "� 8)� , ��$�� M�*� ,�)�. )3 (F &$��� G��61 "5� "����� �76F63 �� ]�X�� "���� �$-��25F03F1976 ?)-���
�)� T��8-�� ����� < �7�2 :»"L$8 �0 6� , ��8-�� ,H����� �� ��%�A >�K� ��+ $8� �+ �)���L��� �+���«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
187
&$��� G� 6���06 "����� � "5�10F326 �� ��� $8� �I� $- "��2 ?d)-� ��� �!�� �+�, ��� , ��� &�!��2 �*. $8� $-2 &� =*� ,����� ���
� �� �!�� �+ "��2 �� ���, ���� G��2� >� ��)1(. ��A �0 ��+����: $ "5� ����8�� ���A �� �)�*�87F19 ����� "��2 >� ��� �� $8-�� $�$�A "� �I�
,!���� �+)2(.
$8�� &$��� �� >���� G�13 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �)�.��)-��� .��� 2�� � ,���� ��� $8� �%�K� �0 6� ����� �)3( �� �!��
��� ��� 6��� �!���� � -� ������ �$� � ���� 28�� �� �+�2� �K0�, ����� �-��� ,5��2 "5� �+� &���K "�����2 ?�)�� @������ ��A �:� $ $���
$8-��2 ?�)� ���� ,K �:)� �82� �� ��� 6��� &��� ,��� �� ,!���� �! ��+. ��8-�� � -�8 5$ � -� �� ��� >�K� ��� -5�� ����� �$�$� 3 � �. �$8-��2 ,8���� $���� ,;�5 �� ,� 2�� M)� �#� , ����� M�*� $ $��. �0 6� �
�)� $8-�� ��� �!���� 2��2 6��+� T��� �����8�� $���� �� 2 T0 , +)�� ��0 ?� ��A ) ��� "� ���� ";�$�� >�:���� ?��%� T��$A $8� ��+ ��A � $ $��� �� ���
, ��8-�� ,H�����2� 0" $8�� , ��8-�� ,H�����2 ��%� � 8 !��� ���5 "0� ;�K5� ;�%��.
�, ;���� ,��)�� "�0 �%����A "� ���� .�:))� ,2����2� $2 � ,8�����2 �% 0� .$20�, ;���� ,��)�� ���5 �K� $8-�� �K� �0 �. 6� �+�� >�� $ $�� &�!��
)1 (F�� �A, $��:�� ,:�2 T0 �!�� �+ "��2 �� ��� $8� $�$�A � ,+�� ��= � 1� >���� �0 &$���11 &�8�2 "5� ����8�� �10F03 ���= �0 , ����� &�!���� �� �� ��� 6��� �!��)�
, $�� &�!�� � +��. ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�2)� �0 �)� G� ����8�� .�� �0 �+ �� �� ?� ��A, $�� ,:�2 "$8�.
)2 (F &$��� G��12 &�8�3 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �)� :»... � .�:)�� " $8� ,��� ���,!���� �+ "��2� >� ��� �� �� ��� $8� L$-2 ,!���� �!«
)3 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H�001.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
188
, ��:��), $�� �0 , ���(� &$� �� ��� $L$� ������ �% &$���40 � "5� ����8��10F03 R240 $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��)1(. �9���*� 4�$2 $%-��� ?�$�� ��A �%���C ��
T��$�� ��:�� ,);�� .�� � )5A ,��=�� ,��$�� M�0 , ��: $8-)� )2(.
� ,��+2 "���� ")-�� � V��: �� ��� 6��� �!���� �0 �)� $8-�� G� ,K��:�� �������2 "5� ����8�10F03 � ���� ����!���� '�KA ����8�� 3 �
������ ���$ � ��+ $- �$8-��2 ?�)�� ��� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� �� � �K�!����� , ��:��. �%�� $8-�� � ��� 6� , ��8-�� ,H����� �� ��� - 3 � �: $8�
�%���� � ����� "��� � �� ���)3(. �� �%���� � ����� .�'���A ��+��� $-2�, ��8-�� ,H������ , ��:�� &�!���� � ���2 , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� "�8
)1 (F�0 $8-�� $ $�� �� 6D�L��� �!���� �)� 6� ��� ��� $�� 9$� M��2 �2)� >$� � �K��N� ��
$8-�� &$ '�%��� ?2�� ���� ,���� ��= , ��:��) &$���14 "5� "����� �10F326.( $$� "�� 1� �+ ���� 9��8�� &$�� $$� "� �+ ��� ��� $8� $ $�� �%��= �+ ���� .���� $$� >����
�*� �=2 ��%�K �� ��� "5�08F04 �0 �)� G� T��� �������� ��8-�� �)� ��!����2 ?)-���R2 �$8� �� ��� &$33 �#��50� $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��99 ,��.
)2 (F &$��� .$$�41 ,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 �2010 .� ��+�� .�� ?����� 6�� 9���*� �K��*� ���0� , ��:��), 8� � D �0 , 8� ( $ $�� "� �0 �)� &$��� � , ��!�� &�8:�� .���
" H���� ? �� �� , ��:�� .� ��+�� .�� ?�����. )3 ( F &$��� G��08 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� G�� :» ��%���� � ������ $�$��� .�'���A �:-�
����� 4 � � �� ��� $8-� T��8-�� «��� ?�8� � U�:�� '�:�A �A �0 ?2� $5� ���%���� � �� &$��� .��605 ,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 �1988 � �$�)� �8�� &����� , ��$�� $�8-�� '�:�A �)�
12 �46 "5� ����8�� �87F19 "����� ��# �� ���+� �� $ � �2 ������ $���5�� "$= � �0 �#� , $�� V�*� , 82 ����A "$�� U�:������8�� ? 2�� �� ,����� � $2 �� �% � �-�� �� M #��
$-2 � � � �% �A ,��� �� �# �,�# , ;�2� ��� � , �-�� ,� �=�� "�� $5 '�:��� ��# ��+���:�� >��8�� � �2 ��� "�-�� >��8�� � �� '�� ��A �%22� $�- ����� &$���� , ���� ,�*�. �0 �+
6� 9�=*� .����8�� �+ 4 ,��$-��2 ��-���� �22� '�:��� ��# ? �K 0 ��8-�� �� �!���� �)�.�$=�� >��5� ��� ���� �������.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
189
, ��:�� .��!���� , 5��2 �� V�(�� ��%� M�� ����� �� ��� � 6��� �!���% � � ����� ��� �� ���)1(. � ��� 3�! $�$�A "� �0 �+���2 � $���� $8�
� �� ��� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A ��� �%� � �!� "d)��� �K��N� ������ ��� $) , ��:�����$2 ")� T���� A$��� �� ��� 6��� �!���� ��A �# 9�=*�2 H:��. $5� , )� .��� �� 2+ ��=7� �� �� ?� ��A ";�L$�� >�:���� ?� � ���� ������2�
�� ��� $8� $�$�A �=7�� 6�2�0 &$-� �%� �+��)2( ,��$�� M�0 1��� &�� � "$� V-22 ,��=�� , ��8-�� ����$)��"�-�� 1��� , )-� .-K= ���� �K��*� $�$�A "��
� �T��8-�� ���$�� �%�7�2�0 1��� V�� ?)-� �� , $�� ,:�2 .�:)� ,��$�� M , ��� , ��� .��!��2 �*� ,$8���, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� �
�,8 !� ��+� 1��� .���= ��$���� ,2�-� PR4BIS �!���� �� � � � �$�8-�� �%� �% )� 5�� ����� "5� $� �� &$�%� " $8�2 � �!���� ,2���12�
� V�� ,�� �25 � ��A $�-� , ;�� .����5 �)� T���� .�:)2 �:+���1987)3(. �%�8��� ���A �� � )-�� ,�)��� .���� M����, )-�� � �� "5� , )-��� ��$�I2
10672 �� ,=�X��30F10F2011 )4(. ,��$�� M�0 1��� .��0 �����-2 "$
)1 (F &$��� .��15 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 .��!���� <�%� $�$�A , : + $ $�� �)�,��:��2 )+�� � ���� � ���5 6��2 , ��:��.
)2 (–�H�� : "5� , )-���3085 �� ,=�X��11 � ��02011 $�� �� &�$��� M�N� ,�-�� , ��-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1� ?)-�� , �����.
)3 (F ,�� �25 � &��:��2 $�8 1987 "5� , ������ &��!��2 ?)-��� �*� �� �� &���71F73 ��+ T��� � $ :����� ,%� � ,��$�� �# �#���� ��+ , $�� �0 , ��� $�8� 6��2 , ��:�� �K��*� 1�
9�=0 ,%�)&$���233 "5� �*� �71F73 ( 3 � &$��� .��234 9�=0 ? �� �)� �*� ��� T0 �- � 2�)�*� ��# U�� 62� ��A >���� �� "�� ������ � ���5 �� �!�� 1�)� ? �� �� 1�
������ � ���5 6��2 1���� $5�-���. ) , 5� �2 �H��) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �221.( )4 (F � ���2 , ����� M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� �� &�$���� , ������ , )-���31F10F2011 "5� .��
10672 �-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1�2 ,8)-����.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
190
�K��N� ������ ��� $�� ,2��� �!+72 , ��:�� � ����� ) � ,=�� �. � ��25 , ��:�� .��!��)� ,2����2 , $�� ,:�2 ,$8�� .�:)���, ����� , $�:�� ���D �)�
�%�� >� ��� ��� , $�� ,:�2 �� ��� 1� �)� G� ����8�� �0 ���� . ������2�, ��� , ��� .��!��2 �*� ?)-� �$�� �0 �)� , )-��� G��� 6� "$�
&�!��)� � ��+�� � �!���� .�2)� 4 � �)� � ����� ) '����� ������, ����� , ��:��.
5 �)� , )-��� .�� �+ 6��2 ?�8� �%2���0 6��+� ���� .�:)�� ��2�;���� ���8�� ��$� � ��� ��+ �% , ;�� .����5� �)� $5 � =*� ��# ��+ � �0
=C �;�� ���82 �(�0�;�K5 ���82 �0 ,�)��� <:� � �. 1��� ,K��- "$��.����� ��# �! , ���� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��� � � �!���� ,2��� "$�
2 "5� $� �� &$�%�12� , $�-�� $� �� &$�%�2 � ��8-�� � H����� '�:�+��. ��+� "$�,8 !� @��=���2 � ��:�� � �!���� ,2��� PR4BIS �)� �#$�$�A '6� 48 �����
1��� 1�� ;�8)� �K��*�� ,��$�� M�0 .� � $ ��A �%����A�� �%2)� ��H��� ��$"%� . .$+0 �+ , )-��� �)� � H����� �� � , ��8-�� ����$�� " )�� "$�
� ��:�� � �!��)� � ��8-��� ,+�� �# ,��$�� ��+,25���. �% )�� �� � $ ��A ,��$�� M�0 ��� �� T��8-�� ���$�� � "d)� �0 ?2� ���� �!�� �+ &��$� �%��A
���$�� >���A ��0 � , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ? 2�� ���AA T��8-�� ,H����� ��, ��8-��.
��� ��� $8� �� �%� �$� 6����� ,���)� ,2����2� "5� , )-��� .��10672 �)� �0 � 2 ,����� �� ��=� ,!� 1��� ��= �)� T���� ���� .�:))� ,2���� M)� ,��$�� ����=�� ,��$�� M)�� $8� �� 1� ";�$�� >�:������ �0 � ���8���;���� . �I� ,��$�� M)�� ��=�� �� &$�$��� M)� � 2 ,����� �� ?��:�� ��+ ��A
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
191
���� ���8�� �0 >�:���� $8� ���; T���� �0 �505% ��=��2 &$$��� ,����� �I���2���� � -2 �=X� ���� �#.
�0)�� ��=�� �� &$$��� M)� � 2 ,����� �� ?��:�� ��+ ��AM �� ,��$������ $8� � �2+0 �;���� ���8�� �0 >�:5% �� ,����� ��# ��A )�� >���A � $2 �
�0 � ������ ��� $�� 1���,����� �� ?�:��2 �%% 2�� ��0 � , ��:�� �K� . 3 � "5� T� :���� "�����2 &7���� , ;���� ,��)�� "�0 ,�5��)� )�� V�- 10F326.
� � ��A �� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� , )� $ �� "� $$��� ��# ���A>��� ,��)�� ���82 �5��� ��� $�� 1��� � )��, ;������� � 1���� ����
T��8-�� H:���� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A� �=0 ,��� ��� �,��)�� M)� ���8� �8�� , )-�� � :��� �;� � � -� � ������ ���5 �0 �)�*� $8-�� �� ,��$�� ,�����2 ,��)��� ��=�� �
V�(�� ��%�.
�� 8�� :" ��
� #� �� ���� �#��� ��� ��#"6��
82� ,-2���� ,��=�� M�*� � �� �� $ ��� �0 �6�2�� ��# ,$8 �� &����� . ���:�� ��8-�� �)� , �8��� ��# ? 2�� " -� �� 62��� ��+ ��� ��� ? �� �� ,��$)�
,��$)� M�)�� . ���� M�*� &��$A� � �� ��� �� �� ��� $8� .��-��� $L$-����A >�����2� �, ����� &$���64)1( "5� ����8�� � ��+90F30 M�*�2 ?)-���
)1 (F &$��� .��$064 ��+� "5� ����8��08F14 �� ]�X��3 .�D2008 ) � @> 44 ,���2008 ( "5� ����8)� "���� �$-��90F30 �� ]�X��01 �2� $1990 M�*� ����5 �K��� , �����) � @> 52 ,��1990 (-�� , ����� M�*� ��-��� ����� .�� ��*� "�8�� ��, � . ��#��%L�� :»����8�� �� )� G����� , �-�� , ����� M�*� ��-��� �� �� 1� �+� "�+�*��
,�)��� &���� M)�� ,2��� , �-�� ,����� 2��2 "�8� T��� $8-�� �%2 ��-�� , - �����.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
192
, �����F"���� �$-��F�#$�� � 2�)�0 �� ��� � �-��� , ����� M�*� � ����%� ,��=�� ��$ , �-��� ,��=�� , ����� M�*� �0 M��� T$X� �%�0 �% � ��*��2 , ��� , +��� ,: H��)1( ����8� 4K=��G�=�� ����8�� $� ��� ������2�
�� ��� � D 9�=0 ?��2 �% � �����. � >���� �0 � D" �)� �� ��� ? 2��, ����� M�*� ,��=��)2(. � �� �) $ $�� �����,- 2��� �� ��� $8-� , ����8��� �� <�+�� "5� ����8��10F03 � ��= � � ,%2���� 9�=*� $�8-�� �� ���
���:�� � D ��!���� ��� �� '���)��%� 2�6 �� ( ��!���� ��� �� �0���:��)3( )�� 8�� 2�6 ��(.
.../...2��� ��-�� M)�� ?�) ��(��� ?� �� ��� ?� ,2��� &��� ��(��� �0 '��2 �0 � �� �0 �- , ��«. � M�*� ��$ ,�-)� , ����� M�N� G�=�� �(��� $�8� � �# G��� ��# 6�� �� ��� $8-
,��=�� , �����. )1 ( F &$��� G��03 &�8�02 "5� ����8�� �90F30 �)� ���0 :» � D 9�=*� , ����� M�*� �L0
*� �K ,:����,��=�� , ����� M�*� �!�� , ��� , +��� ,: H� T$X� ����� , �-�� M�«. )2 (F "5� T� :���� "����� ��= � U������ ���A �� �� ��� $8� ?2�97F483 �� ]�X��15F
12F1997 ) ,�� � @1997 �> 83 ("5� T� :���� "�����2 "���� �$-�� 98F372 �� ]�X��23 F11F1998 ) ,��� � @1998 �> 88 ( �� T��� ������� ��8-�� �� ��!���� ��� �� ?2� �+
�2�- � - ��� ������� "5� �*� ��=C ��+08F14 �� ]�X��01F04F2008 ) ,��� � @2008 �>49 ( "5� ����8��2 @����08F20 �� ]�X��23 F11F2008 ) ,��� � @2008 �> 66( " ������ ����� , � :� . 45����� ��� ��� 4����� ?��� �=�$ ,-5���� �K��*� �I� ��� ��� ��8-�� ��� ���
� .��+ , �� ����� "5� ����8�� ���A �� �(03F03 �� ]�X��17F02F2003 4����� ?���2 ?)-��� "5� ����8�� ��$� $-2 �+� �, �� ��� 45�����08F14 =� .���8-�� ��# .�2�0 ���0 �82� �+�* 4K
&$�)�15 �. )3 (F ,8:� �0 $�%� �+ �# ��!����� �)� ������ $�5 ,��=�� �0 ,�-�� .���X�� �0 ,��$�� �%��2
, ����� ,8:��� � �2+0 , ����� �%� 5 ��+� , �� $���. �H�� : ������)T$�%�� $2�(@ ���� ��� $���5�� �1 � ��-�� ��$ �&�#�8�� � G151.
���2 �+�2 $ -2�� �0 6 �8�� ��*� �� 12��� ? 8�� �� �$=���� ���� <0� � �+� �72 �K 0 �- �� ���2 � D �0� , ��8� , +) &�� � �0 ,;�5 , ����A ,5�� 4 ��� �0 �����A ���� '���A ��� �2 �0
� �=B� � �%;��� �0 "%�0 ��$�A. .../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
193
��%� 2�6 ��
�=� E�� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ��< �## �10�03 � �A" 0 �� ������ L�" E<
����� �#M � 8���� � �
� $8� �)� ���� �=� 45� $8�� � ����� ��*� $8� �#� T��$�� ����8����-�� ?���� �� ��� T��8-�� ����8�� � ����� ���!���)1( ��8-�� �� �� �#�
������� �# ��� =*� ��# ��A ��-�$ T��� 62����, ��:�� �K��*� � �+ '���� – >�K�3�2��F� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�*� &� H� ��A ������� ��8-���� �K� ��� V-2,+����� ��8��� � ���K ��0 � ��� �-�� ���� . �) � �� $8� �L �
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ���10 F03 "�-�� ?���� �� �� $8� ��)�� /��%��G�( "!� ������� ��8-�� ��� �� �� ��� $8� �� �� )�� /����� 8�(.
.../...)�H�� :� $2�s )" �+�� $2�( �,���8 �, ����5 ,���$ �, 2�-�� ��$�� �� ��!���� .���K ��$�*� ���� ���)� ,��8!�� ��$ �4 ���2008 G �08(.
G=� �� � '��� � $�# $�%� �+ �# ���:�� ��!���� ��+ � : �-��� � �# � �5�����12��� ? 8�� ��0 � G�= �0 ��� .�!���� �� � ��A $% �����A ��!��� ��A �$# 6��2 �
�����A � D ��!���� �@����� "��� �-�� , ����A 4��)�! ?���� ?� ( @�$� " �8��� ��# ?���G�=�� >��8��� "�-�� >��8�� � �+ � "#�� ������� ��!���� �K ���:�� ��!����.
)�H�� : ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�(���� ���;����� �T�%��� ������� , ��+�A� ��! , ����� ,��X��6��+)� �1990 G �13 .(
)1 (F ������8�� "�H�)� @�$��� �+ ��+�� " �8��� ?�� �T��8-�� ����8�� ��� �� &� 2+ ,2�-� $���"��� G�= �# � � 2 .'��� ��%+� ��=�2 , ��8-�� , +)��2 "�% T��8-�� ����8�� �A G�=�0 ����+
"�-�� ����8�� �0 G�=�� ����8�� . ����8�� G�=�0 � 2 , $5�-���� , ����8�� .�5�-�� "H� � 3�2 �#�,%� � G�=��� , �-�� .��)���� G�=�*� '�X# � 2 ��+� 9�=0 ,%� � . � ����8�� $���5 �-�
, ����8�� G����� )�= � 2 &�!-2 T��8-��)T������ �T$��, ����� M�*� �T��$�� �.( )�H�� : ,��)� ����( G �?2�� 4�� �4(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
194
��%� /����
� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ��< �## � �=� E�10�03 � � ��� &� �� � #� � ��< E<
�� ��� $8� �)� , ���2 )�� ��$�� �5�2� ����� ���D �)� �;����� .$���)1( , ����� ���*� � ��� , ��$�� .��)��� $ �� ,��-� ,) ��+ , �-��� �H�2 '���
$ $��� �H�2 �0 �+ ��+�� .�2��)Bot(� � �2�)�0 ���2���2�6 ���0 � ��� ,��$��, �-�� �%8��� ��(���� 9�=0 , ) �� �$�� �)� $�����2 M���� , ��� '���
, 2��0 �0. "5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8�� $8-�� ��# � 2 � ��� ����� �) � ��10F03 �� 2 ��= � �%� 2 2����� ����)�� @���%���( ��=�� ���� "!)�� @������#� 8(.
)1 (F"$8�� �� ���� � ��� �� ��� $�8-� �A. &��!�� �25 ����� M�)� ������� ? �D�� �%2 �=0 ��8�� �� .�#$��� , ���:��19 , $ $��� M+��� ���= ,�5� �% �A ,��$�� .7�� �$��� � �� 4 ���� �
�8��� .�$= � 7�� �'�2�%+��� ��(���. ,�-�� ?����� &��$� ,8 ��+ �� ��� $�8� $���� �� "#���� T$���5�� ����� �� $;���� ��$�� G�=�� >��8�� ��-� ���� T$���5�� ������ ��+�0 ������ . "$� �0 �A
*� , ��-�� 6���� �� e�� T��� T$8���� T$���5�� ���8���� ?���� �� �� "�H� 6���K� ��A 9$0 ���� , �H� ,�)�� .-���� T$���5�� ������ ��+�0 �0 �+ ����*� <�X� ��!��� �)� "�8 T��� "�-�� "#0 �� �"�-�� ?���� �� �� 4���� � � ��-�� � 2���� � 2 � &��� .$%�� �$���5�� �� ,��$�� �=$�
���� " 7� 4������ ��# �#�H,��=�� .�+ . "�H� $���� ��A , ��!�� , ��-�� 6���� $-2 .$�� ��$�� �+�� �� 8 2�� 6��� ��A ����0 , $ )8��� � $� �� �� 6���� �L$# � ���A ��0 � ,�-�� ?����� �� ��
������� ?�:�*�� >������ '���A� ?���� � ���+ &$ $� � $� . )�H�� : 6�8��)�� � $�� ����( �,�-�� ?����� ,�=�= ?�� �F,���8 ,���$F �2)��� .����� �
� �, 5�8���1 �2009 G �17(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
195
*��%� @�����
4" 0��� 4��)
��-�� ?���� �� �� $8�� ���:�� �� ��� $8� � �+ M��� � ���;���)� ����:�� ������ ��2A , ��-���� .��)��� �� � �%��-���. 3 �
,�-�� ?����� '��2� , ��+ �-���� ���:�� ,�-�� ���*� ?��� 4 ���� M���, . ��� ,��1850 � $ $-�� � :�� ��0 � T�;����� ��8�� �=$�� � "=K '�� ��� "!
, ��2�� ,�-�� ������� ,�-�� ?���� .�+2� .;��7� ,�%�� .�������)1( . ,�� ���1859 ,+�� ��A $%�"�� � < ��2" , $ $� M+� '���I2 , $ $��� M+�)� �;���)����#� . ,�� ���1870F1871 �%� 2 � � , $ $� M+� �2� ���= .� $)2�� .�:��
�� �� .�+�� ��A � :����2 .$%��. "�� ��� &7���� , $ $��� ���=�� ����A g)2 $5�1890 ���$8 �28160 ")+ . � �%��2�0 .�K �� �� .�+��� �%���$A .��
�8��� ���0 � )� ���� �L� �H��� V(2 ,��$��.
��� �� �0 $8� �,��:��, ������� , ������ , ���0��� ����0 �� .�%���� � , +) ,;�� �� �%� �+ ,��� $ 1000#�R �%��(��� 1�)2( ���8� "� .�+���
,������ �)� �%�: H�� *� .��-� �2 �9�=0 .����5 �� ��� �%L#0" ,+����, �;�����" �����!��� �����1000 ��2 R# �0� �"�� , ������ ,+��, ���#���" ����� �!��� ����3650 ,+��� �R#"��2T$�" ����� � $��1200 �R#
�", �;����� , ������ ,+����" �"������� ,+��" �", ���:�� >����� ,+��" ���;������ <���� �� ��!���� 9$�� ,) �� .��� �� .�� .�+�� �% �A �K�
)1 (–�H�� : ?���� $�)$ ��� $2�( �T�;����� ����8�� �� ,�-�� ���*� , �H�� ���-�� ������ ���;����� , -���� .���2��� ��� $ �1988.
)2 (–�H�� : $�0)�+2-)2(4�� � G �?2��95F96.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
196
'�:)���� � ):��� � U������%���� �� ,�� � 2150 � R# �0200R# �0.
� ���+$�� �-"��� �� )��T� " "�-�� ?���� �� �� $8��72)1( : T��$A $8��K�82 ,+�� �0 �$�� "��)�� ���� 0� ��)� � ��X�� T$���5� "�� ?�� &��$A
��(����� � -:���� � �#�K�8� "��� �2�8� �*� $���8)� ��K= 4 , ���� ��� $8� &��$�� �%�LK� ���� ������ �� �K� ,�-�� ?����� � �� ,�2�K��«.
�72 T�;����� 8:�� � 6��� ���� :?�:�� �0 $8�)2(C’est un contrat ou une
convention ،,����� &��$�� )+� )L’administration concidante ( .��+ '���2�� �0 , ���� �0 ,��$��- 2� ��=� 2��2 , $) ����8�� � � ��- ��=� �0 �$�� �
"�-��)�! , $)2�� ( G�=�� ����8�� � �0)�! ,+��( �� "�� ��� 6��� " (Le Concessionnaire) &$$� &$� ��� ?�� ��(���� � ��2� 6��� "�8 �
���0 �$=�� ?���� ��# &��$I2 �� ���� ��M�� �� ,����� , ��X��� �� . �����-�� ?���� � �� �0 ,$=�� ��%2 "� 8�� �2�8� �2�8 �� ��� 6��� �K�8�
� ��(Une Rémunération) $8-�� �� $$� � ?���� .�$=2 ��-:���� -�$ .
&$��� �� T�;����� >���� ����64 "5� ����8�� � ��+90F30 ?)-���*�2 , ����� M�F"���� �$-��F� �) �+ :» , ����� M�*� ��-��� �� �� �+�
T��� $8-�� �%2 ��-�� , - ����� "�+�*�� ����8�� ��# �� �% )� G����� , �-�� ?� �� ��� ,2��� ,�)��� &���� M)�� ,2��� , �-�� ,����� 2��2 "�8�
-�� M)�� ?�) ��(��� , �� &7�� ��(��� �0 '��2 �0 � �� �0 �- 2��� ���(2V 1� �� � %���� �0 &7���� �%� �%� $�� $�-� ,� - &$� , �� ,$=
)1 (–�H�� : T�����)$� �� )�( ��2�-�� �+:�� ��$ �,���8 ,���$ �, ��$�� $�8-)� ,�-�� <�*� �2005 G �106.
)2 (–�H�� : $�2�)����( ���4 ��2?G �165.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
197
�� ��� ?� ,2��� ,�)��� ��A �� ���«.
������ ����� �)� : �-� �� T�;����� '�K8�� ����� "��)1(:
»�N� 42���� �� ��� $8� �0 3 � , ����� M 2��2 1�� T��$A $8� �# $%2� �;��!��� �+�2 , ����� M�N� 42�� ��8-� .5X�� ��(���� �(��)� ,�)���
� >���)� �2�5� .5X �+� &���A 4�$ �2�8 ����� $$�...«.
��-�� ?���� �� �� $8-� ,82���� ��-��� � 1K� � $8� 4 M��� �02 �� ��� "5� ����8�� "�%:10 F03 $8-�� ���0 $�0 ,��$�� ��+ ��� ,-��
"�-�� ����8�� G�=�0 � G=�+ �%�:� �%K�:� , ;��!��� .��)�2 .�# ,��$��� ,25��� ,+�����:�� �� ��� ��� �)� ,H����� ,25�� , ��X� �%8��� �)� 48 �
�!0 ��(��� �%��(���� V�N� , ��:�� ,%����� 6��� �!���� "����� 9$������� ���$ �� &$����� $��2��2 �� ���. � ,������ ?���� ?�)� ,+���� , �-�
��-��� ,2�5��� ,�)� �%� , �� ,��X �0 , $)2�� �0 , ���� �0 ,��$�� ��+� �0 �A,������� , �8���� , ��$��� , ���� 6������ ��� ����� � �%�0 �+ <��� ,8�� ,2�5� �)��� ��� 6��� �25 � &����� ���*.
�+ �0 �� ��$8-�� M��� +&$�� $$� $8� �% )� &$��� .$$� 3 �4 � ����8��10 F03 �� ��� &$R240 &$��� .��� $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��69 �+�3 �
"5� ����8��90F30 F �$-���"���F� )� �+ &$ ��50 �0 �% )� ?�:��� � ��� �#65 ,�� . )� '��2�� �#$ $�� "$� 4 �� ��� $8� &$ '�%��� $-2 �I�� 4�����
����8�� ���A �� U���� T��8-�� '����� ,��$��10F03� �� , ����� M�*� ��+��% )� .��+ ���� ,����� . �+2 �� ��� &$ '�%��� $-2 ��-�� ?���� 4�� �+
)1 (F�$�� <)� �� �$���� ���8����2 ,!��!�� ,��(�� �� T�;����� ,� � �09F03F2004 . <)� ,)� ,��� �,��$��2004 �> 05.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
198
�0&��$J� , ��8-��� ,��8��� �� �� ��� ,����� &$5�-���� *� ��# ����� = �� &�� ���2 ,�2���� .�������� ?�8��� �+ �� �� ��� 6���)1(.
�0 �� ��$8-�� 2��� �+���� �K� �#�+� , ��� &$��� G�� 3 �4 � "5� ����8��10F03 �0 �2�8 �� ��� 1� �)� �#$ $�� .� : + �2K� , ��� 9��
, ���� ����5 6��2 �%8 8��� �%) ����� � ��� �%-�$ "$� ����8�� �2��� $5�2 ��=A ,2�!2 � ����$8-�� ��� )� 6��� .������� .� ?���� �� �� $8-� ,2����2
��-��� � .�$= � � -:���� � �� ��� 6��� �#�K�8� 9���*� �I� ?�����-��)2(.
� 6�� �#�+>�:��� ?� �� ��� 6��� 1����8� �� � ?� �#� ��T�3 � � ��# $� � =*� � ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)�N ,��=�� M��,��$)� M�*��
�*� ?)-� �$�� �%2 ,)���� , �����2 ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8-10 F03 � ��$� ��� �)� �A�#����� $���� T��8-�� 42���� .�� .�� %����� .�'��2��� .��� ��A
��-�� M)�� G�= �%)�0 � ���� , �-�� ,$=�� ������ , ���K .��+� ��#� ,2����2��-�� ?���� �� ��)3( .
)1 (F &$��� G��29/1 ,- ���� ?���� �� �� ������� '�2�*� ���$ � :» ,2����� &$�� '�K8�� $�� &$��� "�+�0 ��28 �� �� ��� 1�� �� � D � '�K8��� ��# 6��2� ���0 �� �� ��� 6���
��-�� �)�� �%��8�)� .�� %���� ��:�� �)� ")�� � �� ���2 ,�2���� .�������� ?�8��� 4 � �A ��X�� ������ ���$� , 5�:��� �� $$� �# �+ �� ��� � '�� �# ���� , ��8-��� ,��8��� ���*�
"� �� <:� � �� ��� .�$�� A 4 �«) .� "����� "5� T� :���96F308 �� ]�X��18 �2�2�1996 ,- ���� ?���� .��� �� 1�2 ?)-���F ,��� �� @1996� > 55� G15 �16.(
)2 (–�H��: &$���64 "5� ����8�� � ��+90 F30 , ����� M�*�2 ?)-��� "���� �$-�� )3 (–�H��: &$���69 ��+1 ��:< ��8����.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
199
�#� 8�� @�����
5����� 4��)
���:�� �� ��� $8� ��+ ��A 2��� G�=�N� �8� 1�, �;��� , ��� � , - � &�!���� ��(�0 �� ���2��� ��=��� �-��2 �!���� "�����2 �2�� ��� �#�
, ��:��)1(. � 1� ��-�� ?���� �� �� $8� �I�)�- 2��� G=�� �0 G=�)�G�=�� ����8)� 4K�=�� T��-��. G�=�*� �)� &$�:���� ��5 "$� ��- �
,%� � , - 2���� ��)-� � �9�=0 ,%� � , �;����� , ����� ������ "$ �A� ��$ �0 � ��� �$8�. � "5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� �� ��+ �A10F03� �#
�%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*�� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�� �I��8�� ��+ � �2��D T��$�� �� ��� $8� �� � $���5� ���) , ��� M�0
, ��()2(.
� "5� ����8�� �� &��8�� �������2 �� ��� 6��� �!���� ��=A ,��� ��10F03 "5� T� :���� "������10F326� &$�:��� �%�$��I2 $8-�� ��� &��$J� �I�)������+ T��$�� ��:�� .�'���A "����� 4(� � 6��� �!��)� ��+ 3 � �� ��
?��;�K8�� �-���)3(� ��:)� ,�-�� $���8�� �� @��= ��#�� �K�8)� ��-� ������:��2 "+��� �� , � $8��� ,�)���. T��$�� �� ��� 6��� ��=A ,��� �� �0
, $5�-��� �������2� ��:�� '��� 4 5�� ,�)� �K 0 �%� �� ��� ,��� &��$�� �I�
)1 (F &$��� G��22 "5� ����8�� �10F03 :» "%���!�� &��$A �� ��� 6���0 � �!���� �)� 6�
� �=�� &���2 , ��:��...«. )2 (F �� �� �! '�K8�� ?��+ �T��$A ?�� &��$I2 .�+���� �0 $���*� $�* &��$�� $%-� �0 �L��� �
� ��A $�� &���= � M�� G�=�� >��8�� �%������ �� @�$��� &$�� , ��$�� ?����� �0 �+ �� -:���� ,;>��8�� ��%� M���� �� -�� �#� 12��� �� -� �%��$%��� "+�2.
)3 (F � �$��� �H��28 �29 "5� ����8�� �10F03.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
200
�+� �$8-)� T$��:�����:�� ��# T��$�� �K�8�� ,2�5� .�� "� )1(. � $8� ��+ ��A "5� ����8�� G�2 T��$A $8� �# ��-�� ?���� �� ���90F30 ) &$���64
��+(� ,��=�� � ���8�� V-2 G� ��+�)2(� ����8�� �I�10F03 ,- 2��� $$� "��� ��� $8-� , ����8��.
�� 8�� /����
� #� �� ��< �## � �=� E�� ��� � 6+ � 10�03 �< ���� � ���� � #� � E<
4 2� ,��$�� .��+�K�����2 � �!��)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*�� ?�� &$���161 "5� ����8�� �91F25 �� ]L�X��18 �2� $1991� ����5 �K���
,��� , ����1992� ��� � $ :���� V-2 �-� �*� ��# �+��,2��K�� ��)3( ���2, ��!���� 4 ����� ? 8�� "$�� .���8-�� M)�. �.������ ��%� L$� 4K� ��0 ��
$�2�� , ��2 ���K�� ��$�� T��� �� ��� "�H� ��A '��)�� ,�-�� .��)��� .��5
)1 (F��A� $8-)� �:�-��� ��:�� � &��$�� 4� 4 ��� � T��$�� �K�8�� .�K �-� '�$72 �% )� "+�2�� ��� 6���� ,2��� , ��.
)2 (F &$��� G��76 "5� ����8�� �05 F12 �� ]�X��04 .�02005 �)� �� �� ����5 �K��� :» ����8�� $�8� � �$8� �2�- T��� �� )� , - 2��� , �-�� M�N� ,-2���� , ;��� $����� �� �� ")�
�+� "�-��G�=�� ����8��� "�-�� ����8)� 4K�= T��- �0 �- 2� G=�« . $8� �0 �+���2 � $���� ,2+��� .������� � �# T��$�� �� ���)Complexe( , H�� , �;� $��2� "�+�0 �K� 3 �
), ��$�� ������ ����$ (�� �� �2-� , $5�-� "�+�0 �K� �+ �&$�:��� �%�$��I2 &��$�� �%-K� &$��A ?���%- $5�-��� &$��A 4 &��$��.
)�H�� : �)-2)� (��� $�0( �, ��$�� $�8-�� � ��;����� 4 ������ ���)� "�)-�� ��$ �2005 G �25(. )3 (F? �� �� ,2��K�� "�� :��8-)� �;���� �0 �)+�� 4 2�� &$��A �0 � G �=��� � (�) ,��� T0
� "� )�0 � T��� � D ������8-�� '��.( �0��8-�� � �7� �0 ���8-�� ��-��� "$�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
201
G����� � ,��� 2��2 .�$�)1(� "5� �*� �#�=C ��+04F08 $$� T���� : +� ����,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1� .� ,%�����
, ��!��� 4 ��� ������ �� ��� "�H� �)� �8� � 82 ������� �(�0 T����.
��# ������� ��8-�� �� �� $8�)2(� ,� - &$� ,��$�� ��= � �L�=� ?�:�� �� �%+�* ,-2�� &���� , K�0 � >�:����,��=�� T��- �0 �- 2� G=� &$;�:�
G�=�� ����8)� 4K�=� T��!��� >��� '���A $�5. �� �-��� ��# � �5������������ ��8-)� ,H��� � ���8��� �� ��� $8�� � =*� ��# � 2 � ��� �+ ���:��
F >�K�3�2��F� � � � $8-�� ���72 ,��=�� ������ 3 � �)�� @����%*��( � � ��+� 3 � $8-�� 1� .�'���A)�� @������#� 8(.
��%� @�����*
� #� �� ��< S� 6��0 :# E
����8�� ��+ ��A "5�10F03 �- 2� G=� �+ �� , �;����� , ����� ����
)1 (F "5� "�����93F12 �� ]�X��05 �2��+01993 ��!���� , 5��2 ?)-���)@ ,��� �1993 �>64 (F "5� T� :���� "�����94F322 �� ]�X��17 �2��+01994� �K��0 �� �� 1�2 ?)-���
�� ,-5���� , ����� M�*� ��!���� , 5�� ���A �� ,��= ?��� ) ,��� � @1994 �> 67 ( &$���117 "5� "����� �93F18 �� ]�X��29F12F1993 ,��� , ���� ����5 �K���1994� ����
&$��� .(�0161 ,��� , ���� ����5 �1992� 4, ��+A ,��� �� , +)�� ����� �!���� >�����>����� ����� T��!����) ,��� � @1993 �> 88( � "5� �*�06F11� .� : +� ���� $$� T���
��� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �� �������� �� ��� 1� , ��!��� 4 ��� ����� ,%��) @� ,���2011 �>2.( )2 (–�H�� : &$���09 �� "�����2 ?�)�� ������� ������ ���$ � "5� T� :��09F 152 �� ]�X��
2F5F2009F ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1� .� : +� ����� $$��� , ��!��� 4 ��� '���� ,%�����) ,��� � @2009 �> 27.(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
202
�� �� $8� �)� ������ 6)�2 "$8� ,2����2 �I� � �������� ��8-)� &$��� 6��3 "5� ����8�� � 08F04 , �-�� .�; %��� .���X�� &$;�:� �� ��� 1�2 �
, ��-��� , - 2��� G�=�*��)1( �G�=�� ����8)� � -K�=�� >L���� �0 ��- �L������� ��8-�� ��(���2 6���N� 1�� � � �2��*�� ������ �!���� � 2 ?�: "�
%�,� � T��-��� �- 2��� G=��� � 2 ?�: "� �+ 9�=0 ,%�.
��� ��� $8� 1� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� � &$�)� �82� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A ��06 ����8�� �10F03� &$��� G�� � � ��
10 "5� �*� �08F04� 6��� � 2 ,��$�� M�0 &��$A �$-� �� ��� $8� �0 �)��� ���� �� &��$���,����� 6�� �� ��� �� ������ M)�� � ��2 ,:)+� ��+ �
�2 )+�� � ��)� G���=��� M�*� ,��� �� >��8,-2���� ,��$)�� �� ,��� �� ����)� �, ���� �� � ,+�)�� , ����� M�*�� ,��� �� T$)2�� �2-��� <)��� < ;�
�� � ,+�)�� M�*��, $)2�� ���� ,��+�) �� T��8-�� �2K��� ,����)� , ���, ��8-�� ,H���)� ,-2���� M�*� ,���. � �� � �� ���2 G =���� "� �0 6�
)1 (F &$�)� �8�� T�;����� ����8�� �� , ��-�� G�=�*� �A49 �;����� ��$�� ����8�� � TF �$-��"����F �#: , $)2��� , ����� ,��$��. T��$�� 42���� .�� , �-�� .���X��. , �$�� .�+����, �������. .���X��� .� -���. 5���. , �=� ����8�� �%�� ���0 �0 G�=�0 � ,��� �+�, ����5. &$��� 2 .'�� $�$-��� ��# �0 �A ����0��!�� � 2� �)� ����� � 2� �)� �F �%H �+
&$��� �=C �� U�K�2F�K �)�� ��%; ,��= , ��- G�=�0 ��A , ��-�� G�=�*� "�8� � ���� T0G�=�� ����8�� $���5 �%+��� ,��=�� .� -���� , ������ .�+���� �!� �0 , �� , ��- G�=�0�
$�� �! "�-�� ����8�� $���5 �%+�� ���� T0 t, ��$A, �-�� ,��X��� , ����� ,��. G�=�*� "�8��� , )5A , ��$A G�=�0 ��A , ��$�� , ��-��Personnes administratives territoriales <����
��� �����=�)Une compétence générale (� )5�� �#���� �)� . ,��=� , ��$A G�=�0�)Personnes administratives spécialisés ( V-2 �0 ��� ?�� &��$I2 G�=�*� ��# "�8��
�! $�$� ���A �� T0 G�=��� <��0 �)� , �-�� ?�����)�:����� �,-����.(... )�H�� : $�2�)���� ( G �?2�� 4�� �40F51(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
203
�*� ?)-� ��I� �,� - .�; # 2�� 42�� ��8-� ���82 ��+ G =����� �! ,� $��" )5�� ,; %�2 )+�� � ���� �.
�A "5� ����8�� � �+10F03 ����8��� "5�08F04 � �� ��� 6�� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2�� .���8��,��$)� �� �+ �%� 2 ��=�� �+�2� - ��# ,
, ��:�� ,%���� .�� �0 , ��:�� �K��*� )� ��*� ����8��� M�*�� $8� �0 "5� �*� ���A �� �� ���08F04� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� )��
� ,��$)�,)8���� � D� ,)8���� .���X)� ,-2���� ���*�� ���*�� ,d)����,������ , $���5�� , �-�� .���X)� ,K;�:��� ,-2���� �K��*� �)� ��+�
.������� ?���� , ������ ?���)�)1(.
,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �� '��� �� ��� 1� � �0��� �� &$$� &$� ������� ��8-��� "5� ����8�� ��+ ��A �+�10F03� 1�
&$� �� ���40 &$�� ��%� ��$*� $��� $ $�� ��$ $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��� �*� �I� "5�08F04 �#��$0 &$� �� ��� 1�233 �#��50� ,��99 ,��� ,)2�5 ��+��
� �L� $ $��)�.
��� �� ��� $8� 1� � "5� ����8��2 �*� ?)-� '��� ��10 F03 �0 "5� �*�208F04� $ $�� ,8 �� �+� �9���0 4�$ �2�8 � ������ ��)+ �� 1� �A
9�=0 ��A ,��� � )�=� &� =*� ��# .���� ���*� ,����� �:� ����5 �#$ $��<��0 �)� , ���� ?���)� , ��:�� .���+��� ��!�� ,����� �� �0 �#$$��� ,
���� 3 � � ��8-)� , ������ , 8�� <��0 �)� ,��$�� M�0 1���� �- 2�
)1 (F "5� ,+����� , ������ , )-��� �H��001 �� ,=�X��06 .�02015 .�'����� ,�K��� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� .���8-�� �)� �� ��� ?� 1�2 ,8)-��� "�+�N� � :���� � � 4K�� &$ $���
, ��!���� 4 ����� ����� ,%����� ,��$)�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
204
�-5�� � ��K�)1(.
�#� 8�� @�����
� #� �� ��< S� B�?���+ :# E
� �� ��� $8� 1� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� � �)��2� $ 4 5�� �� �!�� ���*� �� ��� 6��� �!���� � 2 ������ ���
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $���� , ����8�� ������ ����� � � =*� ��# $+7� $-2$$��� � �!���� �0 � )�*� � �!���� ��� ,)�� �#� , ��!�� ,)���� ��7� "!
$8-�� $�$�A� 0 &��$A ��A ������ ���$2 ?���� )�� ��� 3 �,��$�� M�� ����$8-�� $�$�A ������ .�'����� ,��+�, )+��� 9�=*�� ,H����� �� �%��� T0
, ��8-��� 6 � �0 G8� $��� �%� � 2� "� �� ��A )�� 4��� ,����� ��# �:���� $��� , ;���� ,��)�� ��A ���$2 %�� T���–V�(�� ��%� ,!$����� F � ��:)�� ��A "!���� &$ �,��$�� M�0 &��$A ��A ,� 2�� � ,��)�� L$� ��+ ��A �� ��� $8� $�$�� .
"5� �*� ���A �� �� ��� $8-� ,2����2 �L008F04� ��� ,:)�= ��'���A �I�&$��8+ $ 8�� �0 U��:�� ��)-�� $���� ? �� �� 1��� ��+ �A� �K�����2 1� �
)1 (F 6����� � -� � $�$��� �0 U��:�� ��)-�� $����2 �� ��� 1� ��A5 %)20/1 , ������ , 8�� �( *� g)2 $ $��� , ����� 9���*� g)2 $- $���� '���A $�� �)-�� �;�%��� g)2��� �� ��� 1�� , ����� &���
&��$A �� � $$� 9���*� g)2 �I� �K�����2 �� ��� 1� ,��� ��� ��� ��� 6=�� -�$ T��� ,2��2 ,��$�� M�05% , ��8-�� ?��)� �8�� ,2������ , ������ , 8�� � V :=� , ��+A 4 , )���
��!���� ������ �)��� U���5�2 '������ <)� �L�8 <��0 �� g)2��. ) "5� , ����� M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� �� �$���� , ������ , )-��� �H��07875 �� ,=�X��30F06 F
2009� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1� .� : +� ���� ����� .�� � ,%����� ,��$)� ,��=� , �-�� .���X)� ,K;�:�� ���*�� , $���5�� , �-�� .���X)� , 82��� ���*� ��!����
, ������ ?����� 9��� �)� &������ '���*�� , $���5��(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
205
�'��!���) &$���6 *� � �08F04(� ��)-�� $���� ? �� �� 1� �� $$��� �045��� $ $�� �)� &$����� ,��)�� � U���5�2� ��8-�� �2K� .���!���� , 5����
������ �%�0�� ����� . �25 ,��=�� .�$%-��� �0 , ����� .�$ ��� �� �)- �30 �%;���A � �5*� �)� �� � �� .����A� .�8�) ? �� �� � � �� ��� � � ���
�5*� �)� � ��� "�H� ��%����� , K�*� ,-�8)� ? 5$�� � -��� ����� � 2 �?2��� � -���� V��-�� ��$*� �!��� �0 , �:��� .�$ ���� � ���� �� ��� &$
.�$%-��� ��# ��� � ��� M��+� ,��=�� .�$%-��� >�$2� ��0 �=C)1(.
�� ,2����2� ��+ � ��K�����2 �� ��� 1 �)� '��2 '������ <)� � G =��2 <)��� U���5� ������ ��� ��!���� &$� .����%�)2( 42�� �%� ��+ ���� 4 �����
, ����� , #*�� , ���*�� � �)� ������ 6)��� , 2)� �� M���� ���� 4 ������+���� � 8�� �0 �(� 6���� ,!$��� 4 �����,��K�� ,� � "#��� ���� 4 �����
,���-�� �0 ,����� ?����� , �� ��.
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
�=� E�� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ��< �## �10�03 �� ������ L�" E< � �A" 0
����� � 8���� � �
"����� 6��2 ��+ ���:�� ��!���� ��� �� �� ��� $8-� ? 2�� ��0 �A���� "5� T� :97F483 �� ]�X��15F12F1997 , K�0 4�5 1� .� : +� $$���
)1 (F "5� T� :���� "����� $$� $8�09F112 �� ]�X��02F05F2009 ) ,��� � @2009 �> 27(� ,��=�� .�$%-��� '���A ,8 �� ��+� , �:��� .�$ ��� .�'���A.
)2 (F &$���07 "5� �*� �08F04.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
206
,-2���� ,��=�� M�*� � , ������� .������ �� ,��$)�)1( "���� �$-�� "5� T� :���� "�����298F372 �� ]�X��23F11F1998 )2(. ��$�� T��� �*�
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� 4 ����8 10F03 )��%� /����(� ,! �*� ���A �� .0 , :5� �K��0 �%�0 .2! ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2�� , ��� �K��0
��&��! , ������� ����8� �8 2�� �% )� .:5�0 ���� .�%��� �� � �%������� "��T��8-�� ������ �*� "5� T� :���� "�����14F70 �� ]�X��10 � ��2�2014 �
$ :���� H�:��� �)� G� �%��(��� , : + "H� T���� �#� A "%�� ���� ?�8��� V-22����8�� "5� 10F03 –,��$�� &��� �� .��+ �$�� F� ��A �%��(��� �� � ��� "D��� A $8��� ���A �� �� ��� $8�� � =*� ��# � 2 � � �� ��� "5� ����8��10F03
)�� 8�� /����(.
�����%� /�
�=� E�� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ��< �## �10�03 � 6+ � � #� �� ��< E<
Y������
U������ �w� �� ��8� "���� '�� �� , ���� ,- ���� �� "�H�+
)1 (– ,��� � @1997 �> 83. )2 (F ,��� � @1998 �> 88.
"5� T������ ������ �0 "D�108 �� ]�X��23 F02 F2011 , 2��� ,��:)� &$ $� .��!�� '���I2 ?)-����� ��� "5� T� :���� "�����2 , �- .��+ ���� �K��*� >�K=A �)� � �.��97F483 �� ]�X��15F12 F1997 – .������ �� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� , ����� M�*� � , K�0 4�5�� �� ?� 1� .� : +� $$���
����� �X�2�0� , �������F �� ������ ��A � ���)� �2�8�� � D �� ��� ��A "5� ����8�� 6��2 �+�0 ,H��10F03 3 � � &$ �� ,( � ��A ,��$)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ���0 4 � 4K=0 $5 >���� �0 ��- � �
����� ��A � ���)� �2�8�� � D �� ��� �#� � ����. "5� ������ �0 � D108 �?�� �)� ��2� ��� � ���0� $-2 8 2�� "� "�� "5� "����� �0 ��- � �45���� V�0 �)97F483 ��-:�� T��� ��� �.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
207
���: {�y�z�{�|�}�~�_� � � �`� �a�b�z ] , B�33 &���
� �� .[ '� �A , ��� .2! �+ �K��*� ,����2 .�������2 �%� &� !+ 3 $��0 �� , ���5: »� �%� ,� �K�0 � �0 �«)1( .�� �# 0>���� 2 �= T�;����� � , �$2
��A T$X� , ����5 G��� ��=+���� ���2 V�N� , +) 6�� �! "5� ����8��83F18 "5� T� :���� "������97F483 U����� ���A �� �� ���2 ?)-��
���� �K��*�%��� �0 , )2��� �0 , ���2, .
&$��� .��� $5�02 "5� "����� �97F483 �� ]�X��15F12F1997 ��!���� .� )� �+ �72 U�������, ���� , ��8-�� M�*� .�5�� �-� ��A
�% �!� ��A� ,��� . &$��� K��03 "����� �»,��$�� �:+� 4)2( �0 �)+��.�8:���2 �;���� �� �� 6)�2 ,�2���� ., ;�2�%+�� ,5����2 $ ������ .�5���� ?��«)3(.
)1 (F � , ��! ���� $5� �1 �� 3 $� ��# T����� ��5 �s� $2� �2 �2�� ���� T������ $�0 ����,2�����.
)�H�� : �) ����),2#�(@ ���$0� ����� 8:�� �6 G ��+:�� ��$ �46.( )2 (F�� ��+ ��A "5� ����883F18 : ���2 �:+� � (� ������� >��� ����A ,��� �� ?2�
1������ "5� "����� �I�97F483 , )2��� ?����� �� 9�2+ , ��!��� 4 ��� ����A ,��� �� ?2� &$��� �� &��+��� .�8:���2 ,��$�� "#��� ��� �,K#�2 ��+� 6)��� ���� , ������� , 2%����03 �
� =*� "�����. "5� ����8)� �8�� U������ �I� �9���0 �2�8 �� 1� �� ��� ��+ ��A�83F18 ��+ ���� . ?����� �� ,-5����� ,�-�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �# � =*� ����8�� ? 2�� ��� �0 �+
�� � D �K��*� �)� ��+� ,)!� .�� �)� , ����� �0 , ������� , �-�� , +))� ,-2���� ,��= &$��� 2 �K8� � ��#� �U������ $-2 ,��:)� �%�$=��� ,�+�� �004 "5� "����� �83F18.
)3 (F��!���� "�%: 4 U������ "�%: ���� �-��� ��# � �5����� � U������ �0 ���C 2 ��-�� ��!���� , 5�� ����8� 4K= G�=�� ��� � �2 M��� . �-��� 3 � � �� 8�) �%�+�
�����8�� �-��� 3 � � �L0 �� - �� , �� ��A �-� ��!����� U������ � �+� T$���5�����:�� ��8-�� , ��2 ��� $$�� U�������� .������� , �� �� ��!���� ��� $$�� � � ��
��$=��� , ������ ��!7� ��!��� , )� ,2�!2 U������ >���� �2��� $8� ,5�:��� ��# "D�� �, T$���5�� �-���2.
)�H�� : ,��) ������( G �?2�� 4�� �278(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
208
$8� � 2 2����� ��0 �*� ���A �� �� ��� $8�� U������ ���A �� �� ��� "5� ����8��10 F03F �� ����� ��!���� ���A �� @�$� � $8-�� � �+ �0
���:��. �#�+ �0���� ���$ ,8 !� �)� T��� '�2�*� $$�� ���� ������� ���$8-�� � 0��� � 0�� �#� �� ��� 6��� �!���� ,K��:�� ������� . ��+�
�����%;� , �� ���� �)�� 9���*� �� �!��� ���� �� ��� $8� 1� � �A)1(. � $8-�� � 2 ��=�� ��0 �)� �+�� ���. �) � �� :�3 � � �%� 2 ?� ����
�� ��� $8� 1�)*��%� @�����(� ���!C� �� ��� $8� $�$�A .�'���A 3 � ��)�#� 8�� @�����.(
��%� @�����*
� #� �� ��< S� 6��0 :# E
F "5� ����8�� ��+ ��A10F03 G�=�*� �)� �� ��� $8� � &$�:���� ��8 , �;��� , ��� � , - 2���� "5� "����� �I�97F483 &$��� 6���05 ��
T��- �0 �- 2� G=� �+� ���0� �� , K�*� 4�8�� �� �� �)� ������ , ��+AU������ ���A� , �;����� , ����� ������ ��$. 6���N� ?� �� ����+ '���
��=�0� .�+�� �0 , - 2�� ���!�� �0 , ������� .������ ��� �� ��H� � =*� ��# 2)�� ,=K ���0 �.
� "5� ����8�� ��+ ��A10F03 ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �)� 6��2 "5� ����8)� ,-K�= �82�� .��+ ����� ,��$)�87F19 F , ��� �K��0 �#�
�%�- 2�2 F� L�I� "5� "����� 6��2 U���� �� ���97F483 $�82 1�
)1 (–�H�� : &$���10 "5� T� :���� "����� �97F483 &$����4 "5� ����8�� �10F03.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
209
,��� �%)-�� ��2 �K��0 U�����. *� �#� �� ,-5����� ,��$)� ,-2���� �K��%��� ?�����2 � D �K��*� M��+� ��� �� ���� $�� , )2���� , �������� ,
"5� ����8)� �82� ,��=��87F19 �()��� U������ �� �%�$=��� �+ �����. ��� �� ��!��� )����, ��:�� �K��*� U����� �K��*�� ,��$)� ,-2����
�����, 2�(�� �K��*�� , :5��� �K��*�� , ;�:)���� ,.
�)� �%8 2�� ��= � ,82�� ,)�� �� �� ��� , �8� ��A 7�� >���� �0K�*�� %���� , )2���� , �������2, )1(. �$#0 ? 8��� , : ��� , ���� ���A ��
, $���5�� , ������ ��*� ,; %� �� � U������ "�%: � 4�� 3 � ,���-� �K
)1 (FK� ��+� ���� ?����� "�8����A �� ��� ? �� �� U����� >�: F , 2%��� ?����� : "K�12 , ��)�5��2�� "0F ,���2F&�+�2F,:)���F,) �FV 2��F,)��=FV 2�� F
<��#0 ?��F&$ -�F,�-���F���D*�F,�2�( � 2 U����� ,) )5 �#���0 �T��8�� ]����2 ?����� ��# � ��2000 ")4000 ") (� , ��+ � D , + �#� ,������ 6���*� V-2 ��� , ��+ �%�+� ,����)�
�% � �2��� "��D*� ��-�5 �!+� 3 � ����)� .%��� ,8���� 42����2 �#�$5 ,��� �)� , 2,85 �� ) �!��33,93% ?����� $-2 ,��� ,!��!�� ,2���� ���� 3 � �,����)� ,������ �K��*� ����A �
� >��8�� �! � , )=�$�� ,�� � G=�52,4% �(���327,327 , ��� &�!��. )�H�0 : T���)� #� ( ,)� ���L���� ,�+�� .��� =�� "#0� T�;����� ���:�� ��8-�� " H�� , ��+�A
�, ��$A� , $���5� 3��20> 13 ���� �2013 G �143.( 2F, ������� ?����� : &$��� �%����18 "5� ����8�� �90F25 ��� �+ �%�72 T��8-�� �����2 ?)-
�� �% � ���N� ,2�� �8� ,8�� �� 48� V�0100 6 �$8� ,-��� ,��� ����� �")79 % ��;���)� , ����� ,�����.
)�H�� :� T�))���(� �?2�� 4�� G112.( 3F, )2��� ?����� : &$��� �%����02 "5� ����8�� �04F03 ��� , ��2 ?)-��� ���A �� , )2��� ?��
�%�72 ,�$���� , ����» , ���(� G;��=2 � �� ����� , )2� ��+ �0 ���� � ,)+��� .�'�K:�� �+ ,; %� ���-2� $���5��2 ,5�� �%� ����� �%� &������ .�'�K:�� �+ ��+� ��$����� "�)-��� < ��K���+
�8�� �)2��� '�K:)� , ; 2�� ,H�*�2� " )5��, )2� ?��� �#��$2 $-� ����� $� « "5� "����� �K� $5�97F490 �� ]�X��20F12 1997 ) ,��� � @1998 �> 88 ( �+� , )2��� ?����� $$� �8�) �K�
.������� �� ):�� �6�=�� ��(��� �# , )2��� ?����� �� .��� ��� �%)�� ���� � $� ��� �, ����� ��(��� �, 2�(�� �&�!�� ����*� <�D� , :)-�� $�...���.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
210
��H � ���� �,%� � �%2� � -�� �� ,) � U������ 4 ��� ?��� �� ��+�9�=0 ,%� .?����� ��# �� ��!���� � :�� ��A �-� �+� ���� , ��+A ��= �
����� ��A �� ���� ,��$�� �%$8� ���� &�2�-�� , ���� .�#���� ��A ,��KA. �0 "5� ����8��10F03 ��5�� , ��:�� �K��*�2 $$�� )1(� ����0 ,��$�� �-�� ����� ,H���)� �)�, ��:�� �%�%��.
�#� 8�� @�����
# E F� 8)� � #� �� ���<+ B�?���+ :
U������ ���A �� �� ��� � &$�:����� ,�-�� ,��*� "�0 6)��� >�$ A 6� $ ��A ����I2 �:+�� ���� .��� ��� �� )5A ,��=�� , ����2 , ��:�� 1����� �
%���� , )2��� ?����� �� &$��� �%������ $���� �K��*� .��+ ��A2 "�0� , , ������� ?����� �� ,��:)� , ���� ,H���� ,�5�� '���A ��0 � M���)2( . �0
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� 1� 6)� G= � �10F03� "� � � $�� 9$� ��$ A � ��� '���I2 � �-�� � �!���� ,��� �� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� �;����
�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ,��� �� �0 � ,��)�� "�7� &������ , ��:�� �K��*� &�;�$�� < ;� �%�0� ����) ������ � , K�*� ,-�8�� ��+ ��A10R# (�0 �0 ,��)�� "
)1 (F .2�+0 '��� U����� ��A ,��� ��$ ,��:)� ,)2�8�� V�*� �# ,�� ,:�2 , ��:�� V�*� �A,����)� ,)2�5 M��2 .�2�0� �-� .�)���� T0 ������ �-:2 �0 ,- 2��� �-:2 ,:��� ��#. �� $5�
�:�� �K��*� T��8-�� ����� ����5 ,���� �K��0� ,2�= �K��0� �$� ,2�= �K��0 ��A , �,2��=�� ,: -K 9�=0� ,2��=��.
)2 (F � ���2 ,��:�� &���� �� &�$���� , ������ , )-���19F09F1999 �5� .��424 ,8)-��� "5� M����� T������ ���8�� 1 K��2318 �� ]�X��29F10F1998 �� ��� 1� .� : +� $$����
, ������� ?����� ��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
211
������ �%�0� ����)�K��*� ,��� �%���� ������ ����10 ,����� �� �8�� R# &$��� �� &$$��� 9��8��23 "5� T� :���� "����� �10 F326(. <:� "�0�
4 ,��)���=0 , : ��� , ����� ,��:�� � �� T0�) ������ ���� �K��0 ,��� ��&$$��� M)� 9��8�� �%���� &$��� ��23 ���0(.
, � $ ����� T��� G =����2 ( )2� $-2 U������ �� �� ��� 6��� >�� � )5A ,��=�� ,��$�� M�0� "5� ����8�� ���A �� �010F03 ?� &$ ?���� �I�
�� ����, ��8-�� ,H����� 9$� $8-�� �%� � ��� � 0$2� T� :���� "����� �0 �+ "5�97 F483 �� ��� $8� �%� �)� G� "�.
����:�� �� ��� $8� �� T��� >�:���� ?� ��+ ��A� "5� ����8�� 6��210F03 �����)� �2�5)1( &$��� L�I� �15 "5� "����� �97F483 "$� �)� G��
����&�#�8�� &�8�� '��!���2 �;�K8�� ��:�� ,);�� .�� >�:���� ?� �� �������. � "5� ����8�� ���A �� >�:���� ?� �0 ��- 10F03 ?� �# �� � T��8�0 �� �
?� �%� U������ ���A ���=� M���>���� G� "� �)�A�� '����%�.
� "5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� ��+ ��A10F03 �$ '�%���2 $ $��)� �2�5� M)� 6)� �� ��� 6��� �!���� M) �0 ��$V�*�� "����� ���A �� �I�
97F483 �� �- .�� >����� ���0 ��A �% )� ?:��� &$�� ��� "� �0 �A �I������ ��A ) ��� �0 $8-�� $ $��� �A "� � � =*� ��# �+�� �!���� &$;�:�
� �;������ , ��- �0 , - 2� ���=�0 ����+ '��� .K��*� 6���+� ������� ��-� �T��$A $8� ? �� �� ,�� , +) �K� ,�)����� .������ �� �������.
��� ��� 6��� �!���� ��=A ��+ ��A 2 �������– ����8�� �H ��10F03F �, ;�K8�� �-��� ?�� "����� 4 &��$J� &$�:��� &$����2 $8-�� ��� ��A T$X � �I�
)1 (–�H��: $��� � �13 �14 "5� ����8�� �10F03.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
212
U������ ���A �� �� ��� $8� �� ��.�������2 ��=�� ,�� � &�$�22 ��: � ����A $-2 , ;�K8�� ?����2 &��$��� %����A "� ��� ,����2 �� ��� 6���� �
"�����2 ��-�A 4 )�.
�� 8�� /����
�=� E�� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ��< �## �10�03 �#+ ��< E<� �$��!�
������ �� �#�=��� �#����
�$������ &��� >����8� ���8�� � ,��� ��� � � !+�� "K �� .#��,��$�� , +) ��A , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�� $ :���� �)� .����� ����8�� ���A ��
"5�87F19 , ��:�� .��!����2 ?)-���� "5� ����8�� d)� ��� T����10F03 F >�K�3�2��F� ��� �)� G� T������ �� ?� ��A ";�L$�� >�:���� ?� � .
,�� ����$ ��$�2�1989 �$� �� G� T���52 , :5��� M�*� , �� �)��%2 �������� �$�� �% )� .-K� $ �+ � �5�*� � ��� T���K�� � 12�0
T��8-�� ����� ����5"5�90F25 F"���� �$-��F� "5� �5�*� ����5�91 F10 F$-��"���� �F� .�%��� ��A , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� >������ "! �#�!A �)��
�% )� .:5�0 ����. &$��� .�� 3 �78 , ��� �)� T��8-�� ����� ����5 � "5� ����8�� ���A �� � $ :����87F19 � >���A �� "% K��0 .��+ � ��� &�2�-
"#� A � ��7��. &$��� �$+0 � �#�42 �5�*� ����5 �� �)� .�� ������� �� ? �� �� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(���)1(.
)1 (F � D �K��*� � &$ $� , K�0 4�82 "%K �-� "� ��(���� � 6�)�*� ��%� "%K�� ,��� ��� �8 , ��� , ��� &�!�� �K ���$ �0 ,�������� �� �% � '�+���� �%4 � $8-�� �� � 2�� T��$�
�8 ���� , ����� , ��:�� &�!���� ,��� � ��:� V�0 ,-�5 � ��$ :�� �0 �)�*� �$$.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
213
"5� "����� ��$�2�14 F70 �� ]�X��10 � ��2�2014� 1K� T���,��$�� � ,-������ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A "�+�0� ���� � ���� �K��*��
,��$�� &��� ��� 0� 0 �8�� � 2� , �� ?;�!� �)� '��2 ,�� �5�0 �%� .�$�%� �0G�=�0)1( . $8�, :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� '�82 �)� "����� G�� &�� � ��
�� � ��� G�=�*�)����+ � � �%��)(�� "5� ����8�� ���A ��87F19 ����8�� �010F03 ��� A $8� ��A ��(���� �� � ��� 4. $�� �5��� �� 7��� M��� �� ��� $8�
"5� ����8�� ���A ��10F03 "5� "����� ���A �� ��� �� $8��14F70. � � �� ���� V-2 � � ��7���� "�� "� >���� �0� �H �� �%2 ��-�� ����+ ����
"5� ����8��10F03. � $8-�� � 2 ,5�:��� ������ �) � �� 2����� ��0 3 � �)�� @���%�*��( � ��=�� ��0 3 � �)�#� 8�� @�����.(
���*��%� @��
4" 0��� 4��) :# E
"5� ����8�� � �+ M��� 10F03 "5� "������14F07 $ 8��� &���K ��
.../...�� �� �%;�+��-$$ �)�*� T��$�� $8-�� �� � 2�� . >�:��� ?�8� , ;�K8�� ,%��� ��8�A $-2 ��#� ��A �� )5A G�=�� ������ � ���82 �%��8�A �0 � $ :���� .�'���� T��$�� $8-�� >�K=A $-2 "� "�
T��8-�� ��%���� � �����. )�H�� : "5� M����� T������ ������011 �� ]�X��06 �:���1992 ��� >������� .� : + $$�
�K��N� � )(���� � $ :���� >�K�0 , ���(. )1 (F &$��� .��08 "5� ����8�� �91 F10 �� ]�X��27F04F1991 $-� $�%��� &$�%� �0 �)�
"5� T� :���� "����� 6��2 &$��� ��# "�+�0 .� $5� "�-�� �:5��� M)�� ,- 2�2 ����� ,) ��336 F2000 �� ]�X��26F10F2000 ����� �:5��� M)�� .�2!� 6��+�� $�%��� ,8 !� 3�$�A �K���
�% )��� �#��$�A .� : +�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
214
&$$� ���C� ,� - .�'���I2 ?�8��� ��8�A ,);�� .�� $8-�� �)� ����)�. 3 � "5� ����8�� G�10F03 ��� 6)� " $8� &���K �)� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �
�� ��� ��0 ��18 � ��� � ��%� ���, ���� &$ ���� �� ����8�� ��#� ,);�� .�������� � ���82 ?�8��� ��8�A� � $��2� � ����A $-2 , ��8-�� ,H����� �� �%�
$��� �%�2� �;�K8�� �K��� ? �� �� ��-�� ��A �%( )2� "� � ��� �2�- 3 � >�5�8� �� � )=� ,����� ��# �� $ :����.
&$��� G���29 "5� "����� �14F70� ��0 �� $ :���� "� 5 &���K �)�, ���� &$ ���� �� "����� ��# ��� � ��� � ,��� ��A �� ��� ?� � ��� 6)�2
��*� ��%2 $ 8��� "$� ,��� ��� ��� A� $��� �%�2 � $��2� � ����A $-2� �%�2! �;�K5 �K�� "%5�8� �� � )=� "%�!�� �0 ��)(���� '�X# �2�- )1( .
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� � �+ "K 10 F03 G�=�� ��� �� $8��� �8 !� ,��$�� � ,-������ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�2� ���$ �� �!�� ���*�
������ ��+ �-5�� ���*� ,����� ��� ��� $��� �� ��� 6��� �!���� � 2, ��:�� �K��N� ������� �-5� ��+ , ��!�� ,����� ���� 2 ,%� � ��7�����
������ ��� $���N�, ��:�� �K�� �5�*�� , � $�� ��X��� &������ �� ,)! �5�*�� , � $�� ��X��� � $ G=� 9�=0 ,%� �. , ��!�� ,8 !��� �0� �%� $8-��
T��� "5� T� :���� "�����2 ?�� @��� ?�� ���*� ,����� �� $- 10F326� ���
)1 (–�)� �H�:� �� .��+ � ��� G�=�0 <:� &$;�:� �%��(��� >���� �820 , ��:�� .��!���� ���8�������, :5� �K��0 �%�0 .2! �0 �25 "% &$��� .�� 3 � �25 "����� �14F70 �)� :» � $ :��
G�= "�H�� 4K= T��� ��� ��� �)� ���;���� , $�:��� , ����� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�0 ?������� � ���5 �0 ��� $8� 6��2 ";�$�� >�:���� . , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�0 '����� ��# G= �+
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� �� ?� � �;���� , $�:�� �0 , �����10F03 « � $ :�� � ,:��=�� "�%:2��82 �0 '�K8�� ? �� �� "%5�8� .�8�0 � ��� G�=�*� ��� �� $�8� ?�= 62�2 ������ � ��
"% )� ,K��:�� .�������.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
215
?�� @��� ?�� , ��!�� ,����� "5� T� :���� "����� ��A14F70.
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� � �+ $- 10F03� G�=�� ��� �� $8��$�� � ,-������ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�2, $��:�� ,:�2 ,��� ��� 3 � �+ "��2���*� ,����� �� �� ��� 6��� �!��� , ��!�� ,����� �� ��7�� �+ "��2�.
�, ��8-�� ,H����� �� ��%�J� �%� �+ 4K= � � )�= ��%��� <��0 ��+ �A� 9�=* ,���F ��=�� ��0 �� �� 2 ��7 � �+F . �+ ���)� �%� �+ 4K= �
�� , 5��2,!$����� , ��:�� .��!���� V�(�� ��%�� A 4� &��», ��� V�0 M�N� ,-2��,��$)� ,��=�� « �0», :5� , ��� V�0 «,����� 6��.
"5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� � �+ M��� 10F03 �K��*� ��� A $8�� &$ ��+ �� ,��$�� � ,-������ , :5��� , ��:�� �# $8-��40 $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��)1(.
� ,2����2� "5� "����� ���A �� ��� �� g)214F70� , 8� � ��� >���� )-�, ����� 9���*�� "5� ����8�� �H �� �(���� �)� ,K��: .��+ ����10F03� T0
�� ,�)��� �25 � �,��$�� &�� � �� .��+ ���� , ��:�� �K��*� >������ �25 ,:)+ �5�*�2.
�, �$ ,+�� , ��:�� &�!���� �2�-�� "5� ����8�� "�%:2 '���10 F03 �0 ��� "5� "����� �H14F70. � �� ��7����� �� ��� 6��� �!���� � �+ "��) "5� "����� ���A14F70� � �=�� &���2 , ��:�� �K��*� ��(���2� ���
'�K�0 � 2 T������2� >� ��� �, ����� , ��:�� &�!���� �%�%�� �)� ,H������, ��:��� ���2�� � � �7��� "$��. �+ �� ��� 6��� �!���� � �+� >���� 1�
�� "��2A ?� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��N� ��7�������%2 1 ����� &���K 4 ,+.
)1 (–�� �H��&$� 26 "5� "����� �14F70.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
216
�#� 8�� @�����
)5����� 4��
�� &$�:���� .��+ ��A ����8�� �H "5� 10F03 G�=�*� �)� &���8, �;��� , ��� � , - 2���� V�*� ��7��� , ��:�� , :5��� G=� ��+ $5
T�;����� ����8)� 4K�= T��-. � "5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� �� ��+ ��A10F03 $8� �� �I� �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �# � ��� ��
"5� "����� ���A ��14F70 , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �#� � .��= �����,��$)� ,��=�� M�*� &� H�� �%�0 G�=�0 &$�%� �0 ��� $8-2 .2! �0 $-2
, :5� , ��� �K��0.
� "5� ����8�� "�%:2 �� ��� $8� ��+ ��A10F03� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A �$-���$�� ?!� �%�:�2,� ,:)+�� ,�)��� �$-� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A $8� �I�
�5�*�2 .� &� =*� ��# .��+ ��I� �9���N� ,2����2 �0 �!���� �� � 4�$�� ��� ?� 6���� �%��;�$ �� 48� ���� , ����2 ,��$�� M�0 , ��: ?�$�� 9$�
, ��:�� &�!��)� ,��+�� , ��8-�� M�*�� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� 0 g)2 �I�,��$�� � ,-������� �5�N� T�+��� ?�$���� 9$� ��7���� �� � 4�$ .
� �� ��� $8� ��+ ��A 1�� �)� � ��8� �� � �8� �� ��� 6��� �!��),��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�� ��� , ����� M�*� �)�� ,)�
�%2� ��� ������ �������� �8�)� �2�5 ?� �#���#� �I� ?�� , ����8�� ,- 2���,��$�� � ,-������ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �� ��7���� :)�=, ��� ��� �
�) � � M�� 1K��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
217
8:�� � 6��� 9� )1( ��� �� �0 �=� ?� d�A ��7��)� 1� � <��0 �)� ���� �� , �=�t T0 �0$8-�� "��2A $�� ��2��� �� .��+ ��7���� , �=�� �0�
, �=��� M)� .�� �# $8-��2 ��X�� �K� ��$� �� 4��$��. � �9 ��# ����0�� -�� ?�)� , � -�� ,- 2��� 4 V��-�� ��7���� ?� , �=� �0 �K 0 5���� �A
�A ��� �� 1� ����� �� ����� ��$ >�:���� ?� � &� ����� L�* �'��� -�� ?��� .�� ��7���� M��� ��X�� �=$� ��$�� ��=��� ?��� �0 �+
&��X�� � -��2 >�:���� ��K� V�-��� �� ����� ? �� �� 8�2 4:�� . ��#� T��� '���� �)� &���2 ,�)� 2��� �L�= T��� �� -�� ?��� G;��=� ���=
��A ,��� ��$ +) ��+ T0 �=$�.
"��� , ������� , $���5�� .����K�� �0 9� � 8:�� � ���!�� ������ �0��7���� ?� ����� .��+� ���� , $ )8��� , �H��� �� �)=���� � -2 ? �:�� ��# 9$����
'��+�� �� ��8-�� �� ���8���� T��+)� �L�=� ���� �# '��+�� ?� , � � �0 ����5�� �� �#�T�+�� .������ $K T��+�� �L��� ��� , � � �I� � ��� ��8-�� ��+ �I�# '��+��� 6�)��� ���� �)� ���!��� , ��+A "#�H� �� �:+� ����� � ��# 6)�� $8
%��� ��2 ��!����� $?�:�A� .�� %���� ,�5A� ����� ��7���� $���� �I�F �0T��+��F��A �� -�� ?��� ,- 2� � ?�$�� ��2 � 4 ��� � ��8-�� ��(��� �� �;��2� �05�:�A �+0 � ?:�. � $5 �� 7�) � 2� ����)� � �� ��#� 8� �#� ��A M��
�� �)�8,���� V��� 8� ��+ ��A �A ��7�� �� ��*� ��#�–��7���� ?�F 8�� � � �. � �� �� ������ �L����� ��A , �H��� ��# ����0 $���� $5� $*� ,) �� .���
�#L�)� ,)2�5 , � � ?�8� ����8�� �#�2��� ����.
)1 (–�H��: .�2��2)$�( G �?2�� 4�� �96F97.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
218
T�;����� >���� 5�� ,2����2� � ��H��� � � &$��� G��24 "����� �14F70 �)� :» � ,-������ , ��:�� , :5��� M�*� , ��� ��(��� �� ���
��� A $8-2 �%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*� ��+� ,��$�� V�- G�= "�H�� 4K= ?2���� ��(���� ��«. �G�= "�H�� 4K= ��� A $8� &��2� � "%: �� �0
��7���� ?� , � � , �H�2 �=0 >����.
?��� ��# G;��= ��A �H���2 �+�� �2�5 � D �0 �A � �=� �8� �82 �$���#���� �������� �8�)�� ?� 6��� �%2 4�� ���� G;��=�� �#� �� ��� ��
"5� ����8�� ���A10F03 �0 �:+ �� ���� M)� � D , � � ?�8� $��� � �72 ��8�����8�� �% )� G� T�;����� ��$�� ��)� �)� .$�� , � -�� ?�8��� �72 ��8��2 ������
����� � ��!�� � 2�� ?�8��� ��# ���8��� "$� ��A M�� 9$* ��,�)- ,;�5� � M�� �� 6������ ?��� , 82 <��� ����#�� 2, � -�� ?�8��� &�!+ 62�� ��8���
M��2 � $5�-��� &$��� 6��(�� �)� �2��� M��� � ��� � , � � �)� ?�:��� ��"#$5�-� ��H� ����� ?�8���. ���� , � -�� ?�8��� , ��� �I� M���� ���8��� �:+�
�� -�� ?��� , 5� �� ,��$ � ����� ��2���2 H�� "� ���� 4;�5��� � �� D �)� �� �>����� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A �%�K @�$� �����. ?��� �:H ��������� -�� ?��� ,:�2 � =*� $8-�� �� ?!2� �� � 1 �� �=$� � $2 �
>����� &$$��� $8-�� &$ �:+� � �A R240 ,�� -2 ��8)� $ $��)� ,)2�5 ?� , ���7����� �H� �=� �8� M��2 �.
� "5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8� 4K= "$8� � �)� '��210F03� ��A, ��8-�� ,H����� �� �%��� '���A� )� �* , ��8� , � � ?�8� .0 ��� A �%� �
&$�)� �8 2�� '�� ��A �, ��:�� , :5��� V�*�17 "5� �*� �75F74� K��� � T��� ��� �� �%� �)� G�� ���� T��8-�� ����� < �7�� "*� �K��*� 1� $�$�A
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]VVVV........................................ Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]Ùæù]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<xß¹<êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]<…^<ý]
219
&$ ������12 ,�� .
T��$A $8� �# �� ��� $8� �0 "$8� � ,��=�)1( �#��2���2 $8-�� �� ���� ,��$�� ��+T�K-�� �� -)� �8 2�� ��#� ,25L��� ,+��� ,����� , ;�K8�� ,�)���)2(. ! < �� � 4� � ,
����A $8� �72 :��)3($8-�� � '�� �# ������� ������ ���$ �0 ���� � . �8�) �$��� "5� T� :���� "�����210F326 �)� ,K��:�� .�������� ?�8���� "�+�*� "#0 ����� ��� 6��� �!���� .$8-�� &$� , ���� ������ �% � �2 .�+� �� �%d)+ .'��� � D " H��
V��:�)� �2�5.
�� ��� $8� ��K ��A �H���2 �0� �%�� 6�� ���� ,) ���� .���� �� � >�� �%�, ��8� , � � ?�8�� � >���� �$���"�� �:�*� $8�" , ���:�� .�- ����� �� ��-��� �A�
= ��+�&$�� 3 � � �� )� �� �8� � �$ �� �:�*� ?��18 � ,�� �� $ �� �99 ,��� �$� �� ��� $8� �040 $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��.
)1 (_ &��$�� $�8� � 2 � �)�� G�=�� ����8)� 4K= � �%�� "�-�� ����8)� 4K= � �%� , ��$�� $�8-�� �A
8�� , �$��3 � � , #0 &��$�� �#$�: F $�8-�� ��# �� 7��� ���� .������� ��K $ $��. F�%+�� ���� , ����8�� $���8��. F.����� � $8-�� ��� ��$ � � �H�� ���� , ;�K8�� ,%��� � -�. )�H�� :� $� )$�0 ��!�(%��� ��$ �, ��$�� $�8-�� �� ,�-�� ,�)��� �#�H � 2�-�� ,K �&�#�8�� �,1973 G �10( .
�5�8� &$5�-��� &��$J� �L�=� ���� ,���7�� � D , ;��!���� ������ V-2 �� , �$�� $�8-�� �� , ��$�� $�8-�� )�=��%- $5�-��� ����� .��)��� &$�:��� �%�$��I2 $8-�� '�%�A ,�)�+F� $5�-��� ,- �� $8-�� 0$2 �� ����= F $%2
�� ? 8��%- $5�-��� �� �=� �� $� 8� &��$�� 4K=� �+ �"�-�� 1���� "#$�8� �� $���*� �%� 4K= � $� 5 �#�,��=��. 0� T�K-�� �� -�� ��A $����� , ��$A �2�-� , �-�� &��$�� �%�2� ���� $�8-�� �+ �I� �;����� ��.
)2(_�H��: &$���800 ��� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �, ��$) .&$���07 " $8�� ,� $�� .�'����� ����5 �( )3 (_ "�K��� $�8-2 ����� �� ���les contrats d’adhésion �+� �"&$��� @�� "-��� $2�" 0 6��� �
, ���� ��# �, ���:�� , ���� � 1�0 �%�0� �T��%���� ����*� �# �* �$ ������ �� ����K�� ��- �)���28��� �%� ,��$ 4��0 "�K��� �� 2.
)�H�� : $�� �2)H�:� 6-��(�� $8� ����;����� ����8��� T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �� ��� , ����� ,��X��6��+)� G �27(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
220
êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V< << << << <
‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<<<<< << << << < �K��*� ��(��� ?� 1� �� ��� $8� �0 ?2���� ��:�� ��= � �� 0�
,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:��� ,���� ������ � ������ �!�� �+� ,��$)�� ������� �H,8 5$ .�'���A� ���C "�� "5� ����8�� � �+ �% )� G�10F03 "������
"5� T� :����10F326. � � ���0 � �8 !� � ��+� $8-�� ��# �0�� ������ ���$ �#,%� � �� ��� 6��� �!���� � 2 45��� �������� �K��N� ������ ��� $���
9�=0 ,%� � , ��:��� T��$�� $8-��� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A �L$-� T���� @����� ?�����0 ��+��� T� :���� "�����2 ?�)��. �%��� '���� $8-�� ��# >���� 4K=0 $8��
, ��8-�� ,H����� ��� � �)� , ��:�� &�!��)� �����8�� $����� ?8�� <��*� ��#)��%� :" ��(� 3 ��������� ?�8��� � ,��� 6���� $8-�� ���� �+� .)�� 8�� :" ��.(
��%� :" ��
����#���� @� 8�� �� ���� ��� ���
"5� ����8�� ?2� 10F03 –�� 0� �+F M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� "5� ����8)� ,-K�= .��+ ���� ,��$)� ,��=��87F19)1( ,)(����� �+� ��
&$��8+ , ��� , ��� .��!��� �, $�� , ��� .��!�� �+� �� '��!���. �+ �% )� .�� ���� .���� ��� , 2��� ,��:)� &$ $��� , ��:�� .��!���� �)� ?2�
)1 (F &$���2 "5� ����8�� �10F03.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
221
&$���17 "5� ����8�� � 10 F03 � �$� ����� T������ ������ �%�7� �� "5� M�����108 �� ]�X��23F02F2011. 8� �%�2 ?8�� � ������ ��)+ ��� $
, ��:�� &�!��)� �����8�� $����� , ��8-�� ,H����� �� �� ��� .�#�� ��- 2� , , ��:�� &�!��)� , ����8��)�� 2�6 %���(� ���# $����� �� ,2����� e;�����
�%� �����8��)�� 2�6 ���� 8(.
��%� 2�6 ��
�#���� @� 8�� �� �#�� �-�0
��G &$���20 ��8�� � "5� ��10 F03 �)� :» , ��:�� &�!���� 6��+���$�� ����8�� "�+�* �82� $5�-���� $%-���� ������� ,)�+�� , ����8�� , )#*�« .� 1�
" )� � D � 2-� &�!��)� , )#*�� �- 2��� G=��� �)� �:K� ,:��� ��# �*� , ��-�� , �=��� 1� �# 1 ���� 1)�����. �I� �+ �%� 1� $5 >����
, ����8�� .�������2 "� 8)� �#0 �%)-�� ���� .��8�� �+ , ��:�� &�!����. 1 K����,�7��� ��#� � �� , ��:�� &�!���� �-� ������ �%��+�0)�� /��%���.( L�*�
��8�A ����� , �$ ,+�� �#�2��� >���� �)� , �$�� ,+���� ��+�0&�!���� �:��, �� &� =*� ��# "�+�0 ?2��� 9$ ,��-�4 ��$�� ����8�� G��� T�;�����
�7��� ��# ��)�� /����� 8�(.
��%� /����
�� A� -0)� �#���� @� 8�� �� 5#�
, ��:�� &�!���� + $5 >���� ��+ ��A &$��� ��= �13 � "5� ����8��87F19 G�=�0 ,+�� �%�0 �)� ��()�� , �$� .�$�8��� �5� T��� +��� �#��
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
222
.� ���= , ��:�� &�!��)� >���� 1� 3 � �! , �$�� .�+���� �� )�=�,:��� , ���$�� 0$2)1( ��&�!���� � @��=�� ?� �0 U��:�� 6�2�� 0$2)2(�
'�+��)� , ��K��� , ��X����)3( . $5 >���� ��+ ��A � ,��- ����� ����M�$�� "5� $ $��� ����8�� ��= � �*� ��#10F03 �-� ��A ?���� �0 $-2 �+� �
, ��:�� &�!���� )�� @���%�*��( �� 2� �%��+�0)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
A� -0)� �#���� @� 8�� �� 5#���
� ,���� ,) � ,)(��� &� � , 2��� &$�� ��-� T$���5� U���� �# ��G�=�0 &$� �0 G=�� ���:�� @����� ,$=� M��� @����� �;��� "H��)4(. �+
&$��� �%����46 "5� ���:�� ����� ����5 �08F16� �+��� , 2��� &$�� �%�72
)1 (– ,:��� , ���$�� 0$2, � � ,�� " $8�2 "�) $ :���� �0 ���- , ��:�� &�!���� �� <0� ��) .��� 2��+ ,8)� ,:�2 �%�� ������� 9�=*� , ����� M�*� ��� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ���
�%� 2 ��:�� �+ � &$��� &$�� �+�� ���� .�� %�����(� &�!���� ��(�0 �� ,+�����2 "��) �+&���2� , �=� ,:�2 .���� "�+�0 $�� � � �� �� � ,�� " $8�2 M ���� "���A �)� G�� , �$�� ,+ �- �%2 < �� �� �0)�� &$�416 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �(� �I� )� �'��2� &�!���� �� �K-�� "5� ����8)� �8�� , ��:��87F19 ��+ $��� �C �� �+ ��� ���.
)2 (F��� �� ��2��� �� �# M ���� , �=� �0 "D� ��=��� )-2� U�:+ �:�2 , ��:�� &�!����2���� �%)� ��A T$X � �%� ���= �0 �A . &$��� .$+0 3 �32 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �)�
8� ��8�I2 � ��2�A �0 � �� �=� '��� '�K�*� $�0 @��= "D� &�!���� &� � , ������. )3 (F�� '�K�* , ��K��� , ��X��� �2�-�, ����� &�!�� &$��� �� �% )� G�����17 ����8�� �
"5�87F19'�+���� , ��X� � '��!��� � ��$�� ����8�� �� �% )� G������ , ��X��� ��# �0 �A , ��K����T������ ����8�� �� �% )� G����� ��K��� ,+�� "�+�0 �� �#�$� $� T�;����� �82� &$�)�511 � .$���� &535 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;����� �% � '�� :» "# � � '�+���� � 2 ��K� �
M�� �=2 �K8 ?�:�� $�� ��A d�A ,+���� �� $ � �� ����X�«. )4 (–�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �163.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
223
,��8��� � D� �,��8��� M�*� � �-�5 >�� ��� ��8���� ����$��� ��������� .���!����� � ���2���, $��� � D " 8�� ��+� &��.
�-��� ��# � �5����� 12�� ,��:�� $���5�� .����5 �5�2 �! �%)!������� ,!�! � �7�� �%�0 3 � ,��=��� , �-�� .���!���� T� ��� >�K�������� �%��0 ���!���� t , $�$���� 12L��� ?��� �-K�= ����� ,��:�� 12�� � 0���5�� .��� ���� , �(�� ,%���� , ������ 4)���� $���� @���I2 d)+� , $ ���K��, � $��)� V;�:�� G �=�� , ����� ?��)� . 3 � ��!���� ���� 6)��
� D �0 &���2 , � � �0 .��+ , $8� ,�� �+� �%��� ��+ �% ���*� �+ $ ���&���2.
�!���� �# ,��:)� ���� ���!�� ��+��� �0 �(����2 ,82���� ,H�*� ��e���� �0 $ :���� . �0�� ���-�� �%� 3��!� ���� ����$- T��� � ����*� ML����
2��� � ��+� � ��!���� , )-��� G�=�� �� � �!���� � "#�� ���� 6���� ,��$�� �%��� ���� , ���� .�$����� "��2 ?)-� � ����= 6����.
�#� 8�� @�����
�#���� B�� 8�� �� � -0)
"5� ����8�� G��� � 1K� 10F03 <:�2 H:��� >L���� �0 0$2��� T��� "5� ����8�� �� ���8 ��+87F19 F �()�� F � &$��8+ ������ ��(���� �#�'��!���+ T$�:�� ��(�����)1(. &$��� G�� 3 �05 "5� ����8�� �10F03 » 1�
)1 (–.�� � ,!��!�� &�8:�� &$���9 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �+ �0 �)� ��(��� , ;��!��� ,:�2, $�� ,:�2 , ��:�� �K��*� . &$��� .$L$� $5�37 ��(���� �% � ��� ���� .����� ����8�� <:� �
�#� T$�:�� :3 �2 �, ����� , ��:�� .��!���� � �+� $-2 ,K;�� , K�0 4�5 $��� ,���.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
224
)� G����� �� ��� , ����� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�* ����8�� ��# ��, $�:���« &$��� G���11 �<:� ����8�� �)�: » �� ��� 6��� �!���� �+
&�!���� �� &$$-��� , $�� &�!�� � +�� ���= �0 '�K�*�...«.
���= � � T�;����� >���� $��� �� =*� G��� ,;��� 0$2 �) .��!����, ��:��� " $8�� ����8�� �%:)= ���� �+��)� � $�:�� � �)� V�: ��+ T���� �����
���� ���A �� �-��� >��8�� , $�$� �)� .�!0 .���= 62� �. >���� �+�$ $��� ����8�� �H �� , ����� &�!���� � @��=�� $ 5� ������ ��� $�� ,8���2
, ��:�� �K��N�� &$�)� �8 2��61 "5� T��8-�� ����� ����5 �90F25 F �L$-��"����F G�� ����: �)�» �+ ��=�� T��8-�� " H����2 ,:)+�� , �-�� ,; %�� �-��
�%� )2�5 �)�� , ��:�� &�!���� "����� �)� H���� �0 �%�7� � ���� ,;��� � 2�$���� , $���5��, +)�� ,;��� ��A ��� �:� ���� , ��8-�� .��-�� 4 � �«.
�0 � D ,;����� 0$2 4 V5��� >���� &$��� �� ��8��11 ��= � ����0�� &$�16 ����8�� <:� �� , ��:�� .��!���� 4 �� �)� �%��= � 4�� �����
��82 »...�8� &$-� $��� G=� 6���+�2 1� �0 � D � �+� $%2 �� �� ?&$��� ,-�5 � , ��� &�!�� «)1(.
�2� $5� �K��*� 4 �� �� >����Regroupement Des Terres &��2-2 �&$��� ,-�5 � , ��� &�!��w��-�� A � &$��� � ,!��!�� &�8:�� ��16 ����8�� �
.../...�H� &$ $� , ��� &�!��+ �%: ��� � (� .������ �50 4 �%�� 6���� "$-� ��� .F "$� ,��� 9�=0 &�!�� �K , 82��� �K��*� ��# e$ , ��+A2�#$-2 �0 �%���� 62� . ?)-� �$�� �0 �)�
T�;����� 6����� �� � =��� ��(���2 �*�� &$��8�� �# T$�:�� ��(���� �I�� � =��� ��(��� �*�� � �=� �$%� 6)�� �#� ���� �%��� �� &��!�� ��%2 , ��-)� ��+ .
)1 (F "5� ����8�� ��+87F19 ,�� � �!+0 �)� , ��:�� &�!���� �� �K-�� ���� 4�2 �()��&$��� ,��� � �!+0 ��A "�K��� � ��� �� &$���.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
225
"5�10/03��82 �: »...�� $�8 6 ����8�� ��# "�%:»��� ,-�5 � , ��:�� &�!�&$��� « �� �#�$�A ,5�: � D� ,8��� �%-�5 )�= ��+� , ��� &�!�� �+
9�=0 , ��� .��!��� ,-2�� 4�82 9�=*�«. �+ 4 ���� �-� $�� &$��� ��24 � "5� ���:�� ����� ����516F08� ��B� ����� �)�: » , )� 4 ����
� ��A ��� , ��8� ? �� �� � - ���� " )5� , ��:�� .��!���� , �2 � �� ,-� 4�5 � ,��+� �0 �,-�8� � D ��!���� ,)2�5� ,��� , ��� .� +) '���A
$ � �+�2«.
4 ���� ,�� � �$#0 ��� 6-� ���� , ��:�� �K��*� ,;��� '�(�A4�8�� .��� 62�2 �$ �� ��(��� �%��(���)1( .� 0$2 4 �=��� �K5��� L$-
,;������ ��� �:� ����8�� 2 ��0 T��$%�� '�K�0 � 2 , )=�$�� .���=�� T$�:�&$����� &�!����. G�� 3 � ����8�� �%�� ���� $�$��� �� 4 ���� "� �0 6� �
&$���23 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �)� :» 6���+� �K: �0 �+ �� G=�-$&$��� ,-�5 � , ��� &�!�� � �+� $%2 �� �� ?�8� &� � +�� ��A
�%���� ?�:� &�!��10 �#$L$� �+ , -���� , ��:�� &�!���� �-K0 "����� "5�97 F490 �� ]�X�� 20 �2� $1997 «� =*� "����� ?)-� 3 � ����2
, ��:�� �K��*� ,;���.
)1 (F4 �� ,��� T0 $�� "� ��$ )� �����=2 �+�� �:�� ������ ,2�-� 62� ���� �, )-�� ? 2��� ,K�&$��� ,-�5 � &�!�� � �+�� �%K2 �!���� 6D� 3 �2 �,8��� 4�5 $��� V�:� .� �82
��!��� �-�� �:� .5��� ��2$��� �� �� ?�� ,����� &$ -2 , K�0 4�5 $��� ,��� �� �0 ��- �2)� V�� �% �A �%K �� 6D� � , ��:�� ��!�� ���� �� ?� � �!+0 6���+� ��- M�� �* ��
,����� ��# �� "K�� �0 ��-2� &$ $� &�!�� � +�� 9�� ��- �� , )�*� &�!���� 6��� ��A. �#������5 �;�� � D �0 .� �8 2�� &$�)16/1 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� G�� ���� :» �0 ��+ � 0 �+ �
��� �� �� ?� � �!+0 6�+ ������ 6����� >�� �2� $«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
226
�� 8�� /����
�� '� R � �#���� @� 8�� �� � -) > � -)�#�� �� �-�0��
��A >�����2�� &$�20 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �# , ��:�� &�!���� �I�T��- G=� . &��2��»��$�� ����8�� "�+�* �82� « ,+�� �%��+ ��A &���A �% �
, �$ .�� �K� � �� ��:�� ���!���� 2 "�8 T��� �-�� �0���� �� L$- �� ��$ �� �# �2� &$��� � , ��!�� &�8:�� G�� 3 �25 ���:�� ����� ����5 �
"5�08 F16 �)� :» 42���� , ��:�� .������� ���+���$��«)1(. >���� �0 "D��L�-� T�;����� ,+�� , ��:�� &�!���� �2��� T��� ����:�� >���� '��� ?� ���� $
� , �$���:�� ��(��� ��0 d�A +��� ��%2 �=7 "�. , )� T��� �) � ��A ��8�, ��:�� &�!���� �+� �)� , �$�� ,+���� ��+�*� � 3 � �)� �+� ��+�*�
,��=�� , ��K���)�� @���%�*��( , )+��� ��+�*��)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
�� ��� �#<�$� �� E -�%�
A ��+�*� ��A ,��K, ��K��� $�8-�� �;�� �� �#����� �(2� ���� ,�-��)2( �
)1 ( F "5� ����8�� >��� U�� '��!0 6����� $�0 �'���10 F03 , ��:�� &�!��)� , ����8�� , - 2��� ���� ��+�� $�� 5��� � �% � @����� , )� �* �<��J� V�-�� �� �, �$ ,+�� �%�72 ,��:�� �.
)2 (F &$��� G��416 �$�� ����8�� � �0 �� - 2� ���=� ��K�82 "��) $8� ,+���� �72 T�;����� � 12��� "��50 $%2 $8� �0 �� �0 �� � ,�� " $8�2 M��� ���� �� ,#���� �)� �!+0 �0 �� ��2��� ���� T��� �;��=�� ��)�� �+ ,+��� ,-:� T� T$���5� $# h�)2 �0 $���5� ? 8�� �0 e�� $5 T���
M�� ��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
227
62�� ��� �K�)1(�I� � �0 6� ��+�*� ������, ��K��� ,+��)� ,��=��, ��:�� &�!���� �� , �$�� .2���� ,2��'�+���� $L$-� �+� � &$��� G��05 �
"5� ����8��10 F03 �)� :»� ��� 1� '�K�* ����8�� ��# �� )� G����� � "5� ����8�� "�+�0 � ��$�:��� � ��� , $�:��� , ����� .��!����87F19«.
������� ��A "5� ����8�87F19 �()��� &$��� $��11 �)� G�� �: » &$��� M�� .$$� �+ �!+0 �0 � ��� ,!�! ��+ 9 %� 2 � � �$�2� ��2�=�2� ���0 "
,���� , ��� , ��� &�!�� '���A $�5«. �'��2� &$��� .��+ ��A )�416 ���$�� ����8�� �T�;����� �!+7� � �=� $��� �)� .��� &$��� �I�11 ���0
.$$�'�+���� $$-� ��$*� $��� G�=�0 ,!�!2. G� T0 $� "� � � ��� $��� $$��� '�K�0 $$-� ��$*��!�& ���� "5� ����8�� �� , �10F03. >����� ��- ���$�� ����8�� "�+�*.
G���� " $8� �+�� ,2����2�� &$��� G��419 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� ��)�: », 8�� , ���� '�+���� G�� �2�-�� $L�� � ���� , +) G=� �%�0�
2 >�:����� M�� ��= �� �0 ?�:�� $�� "� � «�)� &�!���� $8� �=�� ��� 6��� �!���� ,�� � ��+� T��� , ��:��� ��(��� ?� �� �!��
, ��:�� �K��*���,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2��� , ����� M�*� ��(��� ��+��%2 ,)����. , ����� M�*�� V�*� ,+�� �# ,��$���� M�*� ��# �+ 4��������� ,��� ���%' =�� �0 $8-��. �� � 2 M����� "��8�� �+�!�� ,+����� , ��:�� &�
G���� �� &������ �# , �$��� ,�� � �!+0 �)� ������ �K� T* ��� ��
)1 (F�!���� &$��A ?2��� �%� �K����� �L7� ,����� '���� �� ��� 6���0 � . "� 8�� �%� ���� �0�,��$)� ,-2�� , ��� V�0 ��(��� �� �!� T$���5� >���2 .��� �%� 62��� �0�2D �)� ������ �� ,
�%���5�� U�2�0.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
228
&$���)1(.
� ,2����2�,+����� , � �+�� � �� , �$�� ,+���� 4 , ��:�� &�!���� M��� ��+��� ��#A$��� U�� � ��� � &22 "5� ����8�� �10F03 ,+��� , � $���
, ��� ,��� � +�� �� &�!���� '�K�0 � 2� 3 ��% � '�� » �)� � -� � ()� ,�) � D , 5�:�� 6��2 �� ��� 6���0 � �!����� � � .�5�-�� $ $��
"%� 2... «� �+���� �� '�K�*� � 2 &���� $��� �� �+��� ��# $��� �+ , ����8� ,5�� "%� 2 ��+� ��, -2� �=B� 6���� "#$�0 �- �7+.
�0�;��=��� U�2�*� "��50 �+�� � � ?8� � ����� �0 '�+���� &$��A ��= �M����� �-�� �� � ��:��� M������2 �%��)�� �;��= �� "��� $5 T����. $5 �+
T������2 �%����8 U�2�0 �� e��� . ��� ��#�7��� &$��� G��22 "5� ����8�� �10F03 =�$�� ��-���� 4 ��� �)�� �)� '��2 �'�K�*� ?�:�.
�#� 8�� @�����
�#�-0�� E -�%�
� "� 3 � ������� � ,���2 �� ��� $8� $�$�A ������ ���$ 4 5�� �!���� � 2 �������N� ������ ��� $��� �� ��� 6���K��, ��:�� �� ,���A "!
�� ��� $8� $�$�A ����� ���� ,��$�� M�0 ,�)� "�0 )�� �0 ��8� $�� "� � �������� ���$2 ,5����� ?;�!��� �� �K5��� ,��)�� ��A ,����� ��# �� )�� � �� 3 �
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ? �� �� , ;����. �� ��� $8� $�$�A $-2� "� ���%� , ��8-�� ,H�����2� �� &�!���� ���� �+ , 5��2 ,!$����� .��!����
)1 (F &$��� G��16 "5� ����8�� �10F03 0 �)� � �2� $��� �� �� ?� � �!+0 6�+ �0 �+ ������� 6�����.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
229
&$��� 6��208 ���:�� ����� ����5 � "5�08F16.
"$8� � "%: &�!���� .����� �0 G=�+ ,%��� �� &���� ��+� � T��- � (��A �2-$ ��# '�:���.�'����� , )+���)1(. � �0 � � '�+���� ,5�� G= �
&$��� G��� "%� 222 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)���$ $ 6��2 "%� 2 � � .�5�-��)� ,�) � D , 5�:���� ( �K�� , ��:�� &�!���� �! � -� ,8 ��. � �0 ,8 ��
$��� �+ ,+��� ?��%�&�!���� ��(�0 �� "� , : + ��+� ��-���� 4 ���=�$��� . �� �X����� ��! ��# ��� , ��:�� &�!���� < �7� �$�� $8� �# �#
��� $� �� �� ���b ?�:��� �0 "0���-�� K�� &$��� >22 ���0b
$8� �%� � ��� � �A � ()� ,2����2 �%� $��� � , ��:�� &�!���� �0 1 �� , ��8-�� ,H����� �� �� ���)�*� ?)-� '��� -K�=�� .��!����2, � ��� '����
�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?�� �K��*� �)� &$ $��� .��!��)� ,2����2 �0&������« . ���*� �;��! $8-�� ��# �0 d�A� � �!����� ,%� � ,��$�� � 2 "�2 �A
� 9�=0 ,%�� "5� $ $��� ����8�� �0 � 10F03 � 1� 82 �� ��� $ T$��:�� �+�" $8�� ����8�� �� �7��� �# �+ �'�K�*� 4 � "��2 < ��� $8-�� �0 � � ��
)� �� �7�����, ��:�� &�!� �0 �(2� �%;�K�0 � 2 7��� .�+���� "�+�* �8 2��, �$�� .
� �K��*� ��(��� ?� � �!��)� 1�� ���� �# ,��$�� �0 ��A &����� .82����� , ��:���%� ,-2� �%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*� ��(��� ��+�� ?�8��� ��# �0�
$-2 �����8�� �#$��� ?8�� ���� , ��:�� &�!���� �� "%��� �!� , ��8-�� , � -��, ��8-�� ,H����� �� �� ��� $8� �%�. �# , ��:�� &�!���� �I� )� �'��2�
)1 (F &$��� G��417 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;����� � ��- ��=� �%� �+� $��2 ,+���� �2�-� �0 �)���� $-2 �A � (�� �)� ,�� ��+� � , �=��� ��# �0 � D ����8�� )� G� T��� �%��� '�: .
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
230
8��� ��-��2 < � �+� , �$ ,+���8 .�+�� .� � �%�0 T0 ��$�� ����8�� �� $�����,��=�� �%�+�0 �%� �2 , 8 8� , �$)1(. &$��� �� �% )� G����� , 5�:��� �+ ��
22 �%�0 � �$2 , ��:�� &�!��)� 7�� ��$� �2�-� �0 ���� �+� �� ��+� �����,+���� ��+�* $8�:�.
��A �0 "$8� � ��A �K ��+����8�� ��$�� ,+���� '�K8�� 6�2�0 �)� G�� � �$�0 6����� �%� 2 ����� �0 '�+��� "5� ����8�� �I�10 F03� 0$22 ��0
��=� &$��� �� G� 3 �24 �)� �» �K� &��� �0 �� ��� $8� ��� �A0� &$� '�K�0"%�� �� , ��:�� �K��N� "H���� ��(���� 5�� ��A T$X � M�*
�� ��� >�K� , �����«.
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
�� �� >� � N� ���#��� �� �#��0� " �#���� @� 8
>���� ��+ ��A T�;����� &$��� �� , ��-�� , �=��� &��2� �-��� $5417 �)� G�� ����� ��$�� ����8�� � :»� ��- ��=� �%� �+� $L��2 ,+���� �2�-� «
�� ��= � �I� &$�20 "5� ����8�� �10F03 &��2� �-���» , ����8�� , )#*���$�� ����8)� �82� $5�-���� $%-���� &�K�8��� �������«. &$��� ,D� � �(2� ��+�
20 �+�0 4 ?���� T��� �+���2 ���0" ��$�� ����8��� ,���8�� .�D� ��� � 2 �� &$��� � $-��20 �#»!���� 4��� �%� �+� $L��2 , ��-�� , �=���2 , ��:�� &�, ����5 ,:�2«.
)1 (F "� $8� ������� ����8��2 ?)-��� "����� >��� $�$�A� ,+����� ���:�� ��(���� , �$�� ,+��)����� 9� "� �+� ,��:)� , );�-�� . , ��:�� &�!���� 1�2 >���� '�:�+� �-�� T��-�� G=��� .��8
��� ��# �! ��$� �-� �G=��� ��%� , ����8�� ,- 2��� ,5$2 �2K �0 ��$�$��� ��0 �28�� "��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
231
, ��-�� , �=��� 1� ��= �� , �� ,� �%� ��+ , ��:�� &�!��)�,)8��� �%�$��A �� �2- 6;���)��%� /����( � .������� )�=2 "� 8�� �%� ��+ �+
���:�� �%����2 ,8)-��� , ����8��� +���� "��2I,+� � ���8�� �� $� "� $ $� �0 �#� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� .H� ���� ,82���� , ������
)�� 8�� /����.(
��%� /����
�� � H�� A����+� �#���� @� 8�� �� �#�
��$�� ����8�� ��+ ��A T�;����� �� G��� &$�436 �)�»$�* ��+ ��A �� �=� ���;�$ '�+����� � d�A "%�� $ ��K�8� �0 ,+���� "� 5 '��!0 "%� < )�
2 �� ��$ U�2�*� �� M ���� M�� 6 �� ���� <0� ��«. ����8�� "�+�0 .��+ ��A� ���� �� �=$� ���� .�������2� &��$�� ���72 "� 8)� 6$�� � -� &���K2 �K8�
T$�-�� �%����� �$ �� �'��� G��� 4 "�+�*� ��# ?2��� 9� "5� ����8�10 F03 . ������ �) � �� , ��:�� &�!��)� , ���� ,���2 ,8)-��� "�+�*�)�� @���
%�*��(I �%���$A "!)�� @������#� 8(.
*��%� @�����
��#���� @� 8�� �� �#� �� � H�
� � , ��:�� &�!��)� , ���� ,��� �L�+���%;�K�0 G�� >�� �#� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �� �!��� T��8-�� '����� �)� �� ��� ?�8�
�%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*�� ,��$� ,��=��. ��+ G���� >�� �0 ��- �
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
232
&�!���� �� <0� ."�+�* �82�� ��$�� ����8�� �I� �T�;����� &�!���� ���0, ��:��� � �!���� � 2 >�� M)2 .� �� M�� �� 6��� � �0 �# �K-�� ,��
�%���� �� ,������ U�2�*�� �;��=�� �� �#�� 6��� ��A . ��# �)� ?�8� �;�$�� �� <0� �� ��� �)� �#� �0 G���=� $=0 "%� ��+ �0 ��$ �8� ,����
&�!����.
�� �� ��= "+�2 '�� T�;����� >���� �+� &$�12 ����8�� � "5�10F03 �G� �)�: » G����� �� ��� ?� �L�= ��$�� ����8�� "�+�0 �� �H��� V(2
< �7� ?� �����8�� ��# �� )�#� ��8! T��8-�� �� -�� ?���� e������� � �� ��V�8�� .�; # &$;�:�«. �� K &$��� 13 0 ����8�� <:� � �8�)� �2�5 �� ��� ?� �
������� �������� &$��� �$+0 � �#�02 ?�)�� ������� ������ ���$ � "5� T� :���� "�����210F326 �� ��� 6��� �!���� ?�8� �)� .�� �����
T��8-�� ?��� �#� �%� 2 ��� �K ��� � ��� V�8�� .�; # �%��� ���� V��8�������.
)� �'��2��� �!���� �;�$� ��� ����� �� ��� 6���� �)�� �%�0 "D��!��)� M)& ��� �+ �&�!���� ���0 �)� ����� �A � , ����� &�!���� ��;�$�
?����2� ;�$�� "%��� �0 ��$ "%5�8� ������ "%��'�K�N� �� �=��� ��)1(� &$�)� �8 2��434 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;����� �)� G�� ����»�� ��A �� $�� .5�(�,+���� ���0 .,��=�� "%���0 �� �� $�� ��# �� ����X� '�+���� ��+«. ��- �
?�8� �)� ����� �% �;�$� ��� �%�� $2 '����� �� &�!���� <��8� ,��� �� �0� ,��+��� � �!��)� ,����� �� ����, ��:�� &�!���� ,.
)1 (–�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �165.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
233
�� @������#� 8
8�� �� @���+�#���� @�
&$��� G��22 "5� ����8�� �10F03 &�!���� '�K�0 �)� � -� �72� ()� ,�) � D , 5�:�� 6��2 "%� 2 � � ?�:��� &$������ "%� 2 � � .�5�-�� $ $��2 .
, ��:�� &�!���� �! � -� ,8 �� � � �� M��� $5 ���� , )=�$�� .�����)� � $�:�� 2 3$�� ,%� � '�K�*�� �9�=0 ,%� � ��$�� ����8�� "�+�* �8 2�� ����� � �K8� �%���� �� �=$� ���� .�������� &��$�� ���72 "� 8)� ,+��)� 6$�� � -�2 T$�-��)2, �$ ,+�� �#��2���.( V��D0 ?��� �� �=$� � ���� ����� ���0 �0&�!����� � 4 � >��A � �% � $2 ��'�K�* . , ��:�� &�!���� ,��� �� �0
&$��� G��� , $�:��22 ���*� �%��8� �� �)� :» 6���0 � �!���� �)� 6� � �=�� &���2 , ��:�� "%���!�� &��$A �� ��� « ��- �� �=$��� ���� "$� �
, ��:�� .��!���� � ��� &��$A.
�� 8�� /����
�-��0�� ��< ���"+
��A �)� .����8�� ,��+ U��:�� V�:� , ��-�� , $���5�� >�K�*� .��+���:�� >��8�� �% � �2 ��!����� .K�� ���� &� =*� , �:��� ,�*� $-2 � � �>��8�� ��%2 V�%��� &���K� , ����� .�+���� .�#�� ��A '��)�� ��= �
, 2��*��� �� ,�%�� ��$�� V-2 6���� ��A �H���2��>��8� �!���� �-� 4 �+��� ��� ?�2 ��- � D �0 ���� .�� %����� ���� ,����2 M �� $�� �2��*�.
"5� ����8�� �I� �N� �+�10F03 ,H��� � ���5 �+ �;���� V�� 6�K
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
234
�!���� � 2 ?�:� � ���� &����)� , ��-�� ������)1( �2��*��. &$��� .���21 � �)�: »�� $8� "��2A , ��:�� &�!���� �+ ����2�� ,);�� .�� ,+ . $8� 6��2
� -K�= � ��- �0 , �;����� , ����� T�� � - 2� G�=�0 4 �%� ���T�;����� ����8)�� �, �;����� , ����� T�� � � "%�*� 6���0 4 � ��+ ...« �
��= � ,+����� ,- 2� G�=��� ���+ G��� ��# �)@����� *��%� ( �%����+-��� G�= �+�2 ���:�� >��8�� , $�$� �)�� ��� ������ $���5�� �)�)@�����
�#� 8��.(
*��%� @�����
�-��0�� ��#"6
� "%: G� &$���21 ,:�2 , ����� ,+����� ��A 7�� >L���� �0 ���0, ���� 3 � �� , �;����� , ����� �������� - 2� ��=� ��+ ��A M ��� �0�
T�;����� ����8)� �-K�= ��+ .�, �;��� , ��� � � � #���� 4 � ��+ �� �T��- ��=�. � 4�� 62�, �;����� , ����� ������� � >���� , �= ��A
X� ���� , � ������� �$#*� �� �2��*� M ���� ����� )�= �% )� $+ G����� �%#0� �>��8�� "H�� �����;�$(�� �*� ? 8�� �� ���:�� @����� ,#�� �
��, )��� , ��:�� .� ���=�� �)� ,H����. � �� ���8���� 6�2�)� G�:�� 1��% � � (���� � ���� ,��:��. �2��*� �!���� � +�� � >���� ��= ������2�
������� �)�� � ���� , �2��� .$=������ $���5�� ".
)1 (F , $���5�� , ���� � ���� �%����� ? ���2 1� &����)� , ��-�� ,H��� ��A �;����� "�K�� �A,2-L��� ,)-�� �)� ������ ������2� >��8)�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
235
&$��� .��+ ��A�21 ����8�� � "5�10F03 �)� G��: » &�!���� �+ ,+��� $8� "��2A , ��:��...«. ��=� �#��2���2 , ��:�� &�!���� �0 ��- ��%�
�#� $ G=� �� ,)! ,+����� $8� �� ���� ��+� ���� �# � ��-...«. ��+ ��A� , ����� , ��:�� &�!����2 ?d)-� G��� ��# �0 �+���2 � $���� � &�!���� ,��� ��
,L $�:�� , ��:��� � ����� T��� ���� 4 ,+����� $8� "�2 T��� �# �!���� �I�, ����8�� ������� &$��� G�� 3 �26 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �)�
» 6��� �!���� �+ &$��� "�+�* �82� ,+���)� ?�:�� �+ "��2A �� ���21 � "5� ����8��10F03«)1(.
.��+ ��� �#�$� $�� �2 ��$�� ����8�� �� �%� �� � $����� G=��� ,+��T������ ����8�� ��� �0� $8� �!���� "�2 , $�:�� , ��:�� &�!���� ,��� ��M ���� 4 ,+������ ��� T��� ������ ��� $�� ,8��� $-2 �+� ������ � ��� �, ��:�� �K��N��0 ��- ��%� , �=���2 4��� � , $�:�� , ��:�� &�!����
&$��8�� �# ������ ��(���� �* , ��-��.
"�� $$� ,+����� ��# ,- 2� >����� ��G &$��� ��21 � H�� �0 ���0�$� � �8��� 9� "� �+� $-2 ����� . .����� �2�-� , ��:�� .������� �0 �2�
, �$� &$ $��� ,+���� �I� &$��� �$+X� � ��#� , �$ ,+�� �2�-�45 ����5 � ����� "5� ���:��08F16 �% � '�� ����: » "�%: �� , ��� , - 2� .�� �2�-�
��� 2 &��$ ��(���2 ?)-�� ���� .������� �+ ����8�� ��# �0 ���2� 42�� .�� , �, ���K ���� &$� �0 ,)�� �+�� ���� ���� � ,���*� ��+� &�L�$�� ��# &��� ��
)1 (F >���� �=0 T�;����� ��2���� � -2, $�:�� , ��:�� .��!���� ,���� , ��+�� �)� G� �0 � � �>� ��� � �� ��� 6��� �!���� @��=� � , ��!�� &�8:�� G�� 3 � , $�� , ��� &�!�� � +��2
&$���11 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)�» �+ , ��:�� &�!��)� , $���5�� ,������ &���� 4� �0 � D����� , ��:�� &�!���� �� �� ��� 6��� �!��-, $�� &�!�� � +�� ���= �0 '�K�*� ,«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
236
�� $�$�� �)� T��� ���� , ��� ��� �0 , ��2��� $���� � �=� �%� � � �� @����� K���2&�!���� � ���� , �7� $���� ��# ��+� �$�� �%8 ���� �%) ���� �%.
���$�� 42���� , ��:�� .������ ���+«.
&$��� .��0 �+21 ����8�� � "5�10F03 �+��� �� ,+����� $8� "��2A���2�� ,);�� .�� ������ 8!��� .!��� ������ ��� $�� g )2� &���K �)�
, ��:�� �K��N� . , ��:�� ,%��)� ,+���� ���� "����� 9$ ,��- � ���� ���N��K��. &$��� ��# ? 2�� � 2 � �$� � �8�� � H�� �0 �)� .���� ��# �+�
$-2 ����� 9� "� " H����. '�� ��$�� 42���� .�� ,+���� $8� �� , ���� ������ �A� :��)� � �� �$�� ;���I2 M ���� ,� �7��� , ��:�� &�!���� <��8� ,��� ��
�%�������2 '����� �� , �����)1(.
��� ,+����� $8� &$� ,2����2G &$���26 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 .���� &$� �0 &$��� ,�� ��+� $5 �%�0 �)�. ������ � �0 6� &� =*� ,����� ���
�� ��� � , 82��� &$�� ,+����� &$. � ,+����� $8� �K� �0 6� �0 �)� .��.��)-�� � ,���� �!� #���� �+� ,+���� "�� � ���*� , �#. ��+�M �� �+ ,#�� ��!���� e���2�"�%�� 4 ��� , : +� � �H �� .� ��X����
)1 (F �� �# ������2� ���� ���� �%� ,+���� ���� ��A �H���2 ��$ 42�� �� ,+����� $8� �0 "D�� ���� �� < �� ��$ T�;����� >���� �0 �A � "�+�0 �� @�=���$�� ����8� ,2��+�� ���� � T���
"5� ���8�� �� '�� 3 � �, �$�� ,+���� $8� �� , ����52055 � ���217/02/1988 ,��(�� ��, �$�� :» �� � (�� �25 ,+���� $8� ���22 '�+���� e�� �0 ��� � �0 �����5 ��8�� � ��+ ��
0 � "�8 T��� "� �� � �A "%� 2 �% � �!0 � ��+ "�H��� � < � ���2�� ��# �I� ����2�� 6)�2 "#$�����8�� ? 2�� �� 7�= L$-2 0$2�� ��# ��= � � '�K5 �+� �"�-��.
, :�� �2)� �2 ,+���� $8� ,�� �� ��-� "� � ������� � ����� �0 ����� , K5 �� ��2�! ��+ ���+���� $8� ���2I2 "%;�K82 >�K��� &�K5 �0� .�2���������8�� ? 2�� �� "#7�=0� "%���)� ������� � ;�8)� ,«.
) ? "> 03 ,���1991 G �25(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
237
&$��� "�����22 ����8�� � "5�10F03� � : +, "��8�U�2�*� , &$��� .$+0 �+26 ����� &���K �)� ���0 &$��� �� �% )� G����� ������21 � "5� ����8��
10F03 �� ,)!���� �, �;����� , ����� �, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ,8��� �, ����.
,+��� $8-� @��� T0 �)� �!-� "� ��$ )� �����=2 �+�� � �*� 4�� �2�,5$2 ,+���� ��# "��2A , : + � 2 T��� " H���� ��$� �=7��� &$��� �A .���0 T����
21 ���0� �+ , )� �=7� ��A �K 0 �*� 4�� � ��� >�:���� ?� ";�$�� ��A� ?�� ��� ,2��� �:�� .��!���� � �$� &� 2+�� "� , ���� 8� �)� $-2��� ��� $.
,+����� $8� "��2A �%�+ � ������2�� ��0 �)-�< ,H����� �� �%��� �� ��� $8��!���� 6��+� , ��8-���� , �=��� , ����� , ��:�� &�-�, �8��� ���0 �)�� �, � -�� ?�8��� �!��)� , $�:�� , ��:�� &�!��)� ,2����2 , ��8-��.
�#� 8�� @�����
0�� B � -�������� / 6��� �#���� *�< �-��
���:�� $��-�� "$5 � ���:�� >��8�� ���- �I� ������2� � ��)� ����� 1��� ,+ 1� �2, ������ ,��+�� � ���� .������� �� ��� ���� ������ �� ���� ����, ��:��� V�*� , ����A &$� � ��A T$X� ������2�3 � � ��A ���:�� $��-�� "�8 ,!�!
$��-�� � >���0 .2 ?)-� ��*� >����,���-��� $ ����� ��2��� ,2���� ,; %�� 3����� �� �� $��� �@����� , + &$� �� , $�$��� 4. ���2 ?)-� ���!�� >������ $������� �<�L$�����:��� $��-�� � >���� ��# �- � � 2+� ��-�*� ��� �$�� � �8� ���
,�� ,��:�� &���� ��1990 �� �#�� $ � ���� .������� $$� �0 � 28 .���� ,2�� �����50% �:�� .��!���� 9��� �)�"�-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , �. �!X �
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
238
,2����2 � � � �, $�$��� �)� ,2����� �#$ ��� �� � ����� 4� , )-�� ,��=�;����� �0� � �� T$�:� �7� � �$����� $��� � ���� ,;��:�� , : ��� ���*�2
&� �5 &��� �� �%-�2 M��� � ����� ��A. �� � 3��!�� >���� �0 $��- ?)-� �2�8����-�� � � ? ������ � ������ � �=��� �+�� ��A , ��:�� .������� �8��.
�0 �+� ,+���) ��$ ����� �� ,! $��� .� �8���� ��-�� � &$�:���� ��������� 3 � � 3��2�� .� ��� ? 2��� ����� G8� � T�;����� U�:�� ���-
��� �0 , )-���, 2 �� �A , $�$� T0 �%� .� � ��+� $�� �% � 9�� 62�2 ��#�������� $����� G8�)1(. � M��� �I 1���� ���)�� � ,+���1 ,+���� ����
����� ��%� �>��8�� ��# �� T$���� 4�� �)� &�$�8�� ,��+���� ,��=��� .���� 4 ")57�� ���� ���2�� >���0 � ��� �%�7� � ,2���� .������ �-�� T�;����� ]�
, ��� , $�$� .�� ��+� ���� .����� � ��� �)�.
,+���)�� �K 0 1�� �� ��$� �, ;�$(�� .������� � ���� ����� U����� ������ �K��*��� T���� $�$��� '���A�� , : ��� , $��8�� .����� ,�5A�� �#� D�
,������ � ���� , ��2 ,�2���� .�$=�� �)AG�=�� >��8�� "��5.( �+ 1�� , ������ .����8�� ��� ������� >��8�� �� �(���� �-�� G�� ?)=2 ,+�����
,�2���� 2 ), ��:�� .������ � ���� 4 ���.(
� .�K��: �� �%��=$� , ��$�� ������ �� �;���)� , )-:�� ,+����� �0 � D&����)� , ��-�� ,H�)� "�K��� ��0� , )=�$�� �%� ���5 �� �H��� &$��A �% )� "��
����� 1�����!���� ,%� � ��!���� ,���� ���*� <�X� � ���� �2��*�,2-��� , )-�� 6)� ������2� 9�=0 ,%� � �%������ ? ��� ��K��.
)1 (F ��-��� .��)-��� .�$�����2 �$ � U�:�� �� �)� � �+� �� �# ������� $������������ @����� �� ,)-���� ,! $��� 6 ���*� ��A %�� � ��% �A �8�: ���� .��2=��� . $% �+
��+��� ,� - 9��� 4��� , $�$��� � ��� ��A $�����. "# ��%��� ��# T��X�) �&����*� �&��$���+����� $#�-�� �)! �� ����� �� $����.(....
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
239
�� 8�� :" ��
����� ��6 B ������ &��
8�� ? 2�� �0 ��A &����� .82� "5� ����10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 $5 �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �, ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� "�H�� <�+��� �*� ��:��� ��-�* $���� 4������ �� �!��� �$�2�� .�# &$�� , �:� ,�0 4 ����
��� .�2 $8� �.�5����� >��8� ��*� � $2�� .�2 ���:�� >��8�� ��-��� ,��$�� �)� � "%���$� "$� .2! � ��� '��5A� �, ��8-�� &��!�� ��# �)(�� 4 �,����� � $ �2 � ���8�� �H �� �, $�� , ����5 .��� �� � )� ��)�� � "D� �V�*� ,$= ��
�#��! .7� "� ����� �,82���� , ������.
���8�� �� >���� 4K� �# �'���� �) � �� �:+ � .���K�� � $ $��� � �$2 , ��:�� �%�%�� �)� ,H������ V�*� ,$= �� ���:���2 � �!���� >��5�
�%+)�2 ,2�����)��%� 2�6 ��( "5� ����8�� ��+ ��A� �87F19 –�()��F ��� $5 �)� ,K��:�� .������� 3 � � , ��+�� ,����� M) ��+ �0 "D� �8 2��
��� �� ?�8��� ��8�A $� ��A ��� ���� �%2 ��=�� .�'���� �� ��:�� � �� ,�7��� ��# �� $ $��� ����8�� ,��� 9$ �� �'���� �'�K8�� ? ��) 2�6 ��
�� 8��.(
��%� 2�6 ��
����� ��6 &��
"5� ����8�� � �� �+� $�0 �87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 F�()��F � � � , ������ � ���8�� �� $�� "� ���� �";�$�� >�:���� ?� G;��= �
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
240
��A ,��K��2 ������� �������� �8�)� �2�5 � ��8� � � � �8� ��+ 3 � � �,82���� � $ :���� >��5� , ��+ �+� "� 9�=0 ?�8� ��%2 V�%���� V�*� ,$= �� ���:���2
<����� >��8��.
8)� >���� '�(�A �0 � D .��!��)� , ��2�� ,)+ %�� � (� ��- � ����0 ���� ,����� ?�8��� ��� �%��(��� "�H� �� �H��� &$��A ��- � �$82 �, ��:��
�%;�K�* . ,+�� ,��$�� �#� ��� ��� $8� ���� ?�8� �)� �-�� �) � �� ,25���)��%� /����( �� ��� 6��� �!����� �)� 8�� /�����.(
��%� /����
������ &��
M�*�� ��%� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� ?� .�� $5 ,��$�� .��+ ��A�� , ����� &$��� G�2 �� ��� 6��� �!���� ��A �%2 ,)��4 "5� ����8�� �
10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 � '�� �� .���� $5 �%�0 ��- ��%� �,H:�� ��%� +) �, ��:�� �K��*� , +) ?� ,��$)� �0 ��2��� �)�� �,25��� ?�2
��%2 ,����� , $���5��� , ������ ,: H�)� ��H� ��% )� ,H����� �� ,��X� �%� 6���0 � �!���� ���0 �)� ,2�5��� ,�)�� �%���� �� �)�� � �#� ��K��*�
���� �, ��:�� &�!���� �=�$ �� ��� ,-:��� ��* ?�8��� � $ ����� ,�)� , ,�-��)*��%� @����� .( ,���2 �%� 1� M�� �I� �,25��� ?�� ,+�� ,��$�� ��+�
"5� ����8�� "�+�0 ��+� ��$�� ����8�� "�+�* �8 2�� �,-:��� ?�10F03 ) @�����
�#� 8�� .(!���� ����5 �H �� .�������2 ��=�� '��� ��+ ��A� , ��:�� .�� F�()��F ,��$)� ���0 $ $��� ����8�� �I� �'�K8�� ? �� �� ?�8��� ��8�A �# �
),��$�� M�0 &��$A ( &$�:��� �%�$��I2 $8-�� ��� �� ?���)�8� 8�� @�����.(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
241
*��%� @�����
���0�� &
��8-�� 4 2 �� T����� �� ��)��� � �� ,�=� ,-:���)1(. ���$ �� �=$ �>�:���� ?�+ ��8� �)� 48 �� � ?� �+ ��8-��)2(«. � �# ��$�� ����8�� ��+ ��A,-:��� "�+�0 6)D* ,H��� , ���*� ,- ����� ,��- 6)�� �*� �I� ?2��� 9$
��$�� ����8�� G��� 4 ,-:���2 �=*� �� ,��$�� ?�)3( .� ��A ������ &$��15 "5� ����8�� �10F03 ]�X�� ��15 .�02010�)� G�� �#$�� � »... ,��� ��
&�!���� <:� �� �� 6���0 � �=B� � �!���� �+ �� ��� ?� �� �������, ��:���, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� '�K�5�� $�� �0 � ,-:��� ?� ,���
2 ��-�� 4 ���)� �82�«.
G��� ��# � "%: � �=*� �� , ���*� �0 ?� �� ������� ,��� �� ,-:���2�� ���� "5� ����8�� �%��10 F03 � �=B� � �!��)�� <:� �� '�K�*�
�!���� �% �A ��� ���� &�!����������� �� ��� �� 8� ��. �� ,��$�� ��7� "!, ��!�� ,2����. ����= L$- � �#�)4( &$��� G� ��795 ��$�� ����8�� �
)1 (–�H�� : &$���794 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �. )2 (F &$��� G��684 �)� T�;����� �$�� ����8�� � :» ��8� �)� 48 �� � ?� �+ � ��8� �� �2�-
, +)�� ?� M�� �� �2«. )3 (F , � -�� ?�8���2 ���-�� 3��!�� 6��+�� �� T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �� ,-:��� "�+�0 " H�� $��
��� , +)�� 6���+� ?�� ����� .�� ���!�� ��:�� ��� , +)�� ?� "�� .�� ��*� 6�2�� ��� , )�*�� ���� T���� � <�=�� "�8�14 �'�$�2� &$� &$��� �794 &$��� ��A807. )4 (F>���� �% � @�= ���� ���*� &��� �# .� � T�;����� ,�-�� $���8�� ��� �� &��8�� ,-:�)
&$���795 ��$�� ����8�� �. �%��(��� �� , ��� V�0 ,-�8� M���� ��� ,��� �:�� T���� ��2��� ?��� ��-��� �� �:�-� >����) &$���48 "5� T��8-�� ����� ����5 �90F25 ( M�� �� 6���
, ��:�� �K��*� 4 2 L$� ��A ��� , ��5 .�'���), +)�� � $ ����� ( ,��$�� <��� ,����� ��# ���,-:��� ?�� ��� ?� ,2��� �� �+ �� �� ,25�)� ,+�� .� � �%�0 "D��� ��7� 3 � �>�:�.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
242
,-:��� ?� ��8� ���� �T�;����� � ?� � '�� �0 �+ 4 2 ,��� �� ,25L��� M��5�)� 6����� >�:����2,. "!� (�� ��A >���� ��8-�� � '�� 4 2 ,��� �� M ��)�. �0
>���� �%��� ,!��!�� ,2���� � '�� �0 �+ 4 2 ,��� �� >�:���� ?� 6����,25���.
&$��� ��82� ��I�795 ���0� �#��2���2 ,��L$)� ,-:���2 �=*� �� , ���*� ��+�5�)� ,+��2,� <��*� ��# �)� ,-:��� ? 2�� �+�� &�!���� ,��� �� �A ?8�� �
, $�:�� , ��:�� . , $�� , ��� &�!�� �� �� ��� 6��� �!���� ����� ,��� �:�8� ��� -:��� ?� ,��� �� , ���*� �I�,��$)� ��+� ,� �� ,25��� ,+�� �#��2���2
&$��� G� � &$�:���� 9�=0 , ��� &�!�� �� �K� T* �+ 15 ����8�� � "5�10F03 � =*� ����8�� �� &��8�� _$�2�� "#0 $�0 4 �K��-� M�� �� �*
&$��� �� �2K��2�16 � ?� � �!+0 6���+� ��+ T0 , ��+A "$� �#� � �� ������� 6����� >�� �2�)1(.
, ����� , ��:�� .��!����2 ,8)-��� ���*� ,����� ��A ��-�� ��A�� 1� 3 �,25��� ,+�� ,��$�� �25 ,-:��� ?� '�K�*� �5�2� >����� �# M�� � ,+��� �I�
�%;�K�0 � 2 "������� , ��:�� &�!���� ���8��� �)� ,H������ $�:��� � ��=$
.../... &$��� �� &��8�� 3�!�� 6���� $-2 ,-2���� ,2����795 ��$�� ����8�� �. � $-� T0 �$� "�� &$��� �� ,2���� ��# @�$ 795 �K��*� �)� �H�:� 0$2�� ��# ��5 >���� �0 �+� $�0 �� ����0
: H�)� ��H� 6������ 6%��� � , ��:���%2 ,����� , ������ ,. )1 (F�� ,������� &$��� ,-�5 � , ��� &�!�� � �+� �# &$� .��!���� 4 �� ,�� � ���A �� T0
, ��:��� T��� $ ���� '��!���� �%� � ��� 9�=*� , ��:�� .��!���� '�K�*� ,-:��� ?� ,����� �� ��� 6��� �!���� ����� ,��� �� 8� �� , $�� , ��� &�!��. .�� '��!���� ��# ?2� �
,��:��2 )+�� � ���� � G =�� $-2 , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ���A. "� ,����� ��# ��� &$� � 4 6���+�� �-�2 �� ��� ?� �� �������20 % ) &$���24 &�8�2 "5� T� :���� "����� �
10F326 � ]�X�� �23 �2� $2010(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
243
'�K�*� �5�2 )28 � $5 $ $� �K� . ,2D���2 1 ����� �+� � 2 "� >���� �*�M�� �� ,�-�� $���8�� ��A 4�� �I� ,-:��� ��)1(. &$�)� �8 2���24 "����� �
"5� T� :����10F326 �� ]�X�� �23 �2� $2010� �� ��� ?�8� �I� ����� ������ ��� $�� �%2��+�,-:��� ? �� �� , ��:�� �K��N� $���� ? �� �� 1��
�%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*�� �K��*� ,- 2� 6�� �-��� $ $�� $-2 ��)-��.
, ��$A ,-:� �# ,��$)� &��8�� ,-:��� �0 "L$8� � "%: � G=� ,��$�� ��+,�-�� ,-:�)� �%����� T��-. $�� ,-:��� �� �#�#�� �� )�=��, �. �0 �:+ �
�!���� M)� "� ,��$�� �72 ��8�>�:���� ?�� �8� ,�5X &$� �� A ��� �2� �+ �#� ;�%��� �����5 &��8�� &$�� '�K8�� �25 �� ������� ?� ���40 ,)2�5 ,��
$ $��)�� ,:��� <:� � ��+ � ������� �� ��� ��. �)� ?2�� � ������2� �������0� 4 :��� 4;�2�� ��0�T�����M�� � ���A� , �$�� ,-:��� �0� G� &$���795 >���� �%2 '�� ,�=� �# T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� ���K 4��� ��
>� ��� �� M ����� �A� �2��0 ��A >���� ��8-�� � '�� 4 2. � ,����� ��# ���4 2��2 ,)�-�� �� �+ �* � � ������� �T��8-�� �� -�� ?��� ��0 M) ?2��
, ��8� , � � �5�8� 6��� ���� ,) ���� .���� �� � >�� �# �� ��� $8� �0 ��8��*� $8� � >���� �$����:�, ���:�� .�- ����� �� ��-�� �� .
�#� 8�� @�����
� ��� ���� �� ��) E &���� E �#������ �" =��� &
&$��� .��27 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �� ]�X��23 �2� $
)1 (–�H�� : &$���799 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� � �#$-2 ��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
244
2010��� $)� �+ �0 �)� � �)� ,2�5��� ,��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������.5� T0 �� , ��:�� &�!����� �)�% )� "�� ���� .������� �0 � $+7�� "�+�* ,82��
"5� ����8��10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 . � M�$� � 5 ��= .��� �2 � ,;��: , ��$ �+���2 � $���� "5� ����8�� �087F19 �+ "� �()���; � � 3 �
,2�5��� 6� D� 8 2�� '�� ��A 4�� )�� �0 �2 ��$���5,��$�� � ,��-:�� .��2 $5� �,25���� ��# $�2�� �% �-� ���� , �:��� ,�*� $-2 , ���K��� �0 $-2� � >��8��
�;��(�� �*� ? 8�� �� )� ��-�� ��*� >��8�� �# ���:��)1( 4���� �H �� �,2�5��� ��# .� �C � -:� ��� .�2 �����2�� ��-�0. ��(���� ��� $�� ,��� '��!0�
M��� �,2�5��� ����* &$����� " $8�2 � �!���� "��) �&�!���� �K�* �)-:�� "%��=$ , )� � %��2,2�)��� ?;�!���� .��)-�� 4 �2 "#$ ���� �&�!���� ��A.
� �� �,�-�� ,-:��� ��0 � ?�8��� � $ ����� ,�)�2 ?)-� � � �0 ?)-� ��� ��� 6��� �!���� �� � .�������2 ��=J� ,2�8-+ $ �����2 ��# �*�
.����8�� 9��� �)� .���8-�� G8�� ��H� ��A� �.� ���� V-2 �� � -�)� ,)2�8�� @��= �, ��:�� �K��*� ��-��� ��A '��)�� ��A ��� �0 , �-�� .��)��� ��K�
� -�)� ,)2�8�� .����8�� . , )� ��� � �� ����5 ����%� M���# ��+ $8� M���� �'��2�� V��D* , ��:�� �K��*� ��-��� ��*� �K��*� >������2 ?)-�
�� &$��� G� �� �!� � �, ��:53 ,��� , ���� ����5 �1998)2(. "������
)1 (F 4���� �� , �(��� <��0 �H � T��� 18�� � ������ ���=��2 �2�� �;�$(�� �*� 1)�� �AT�;������ � ������� ��$# , ��+ .� +2 ����A �82 �. � , $�$��� �0 45���� .2!0 $5� �50 $����� ���+%)
� ��$ )� ��-� �# � � !+2� , ���� �� �� �)� , �;����� ,������ $���� ��H�F &������ � D� ���F ��A ��� , ��� �:)+� T����� df���� T��� �)� $����� �0 �+ � �:��� �+� 62�2150
���+%)� ���$� -K0 3�! $�� ���2 1� T��� g)2�� �#�, ��$�� ?���� � , +�� <:� �. )�H�� : ,��)��� ���( G �?2�� 4�� �189(. )2 (– "5� ����8��97F02 �� ]�X31F12F1997 � ���2 &�$�� � @ �31F12F1997$$� �89.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
245
"5� T� :����03F313 ]�X�� ��16F09F2003)1( .� : +� ���� $$� �
����� >��5 �� ,�$�� , ����� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� >������ �0 ?)-� � ���!�� ��%���, ��:�� �K���� >���5�2 ,)2�8�� .����8�� @��= &$������
"5� , )-��� �� �!� � �� -�)�15 �� ,=�X��06F12F2006 .
����8�� ��$�2� "5�08F16 &$��� �� G� ����:�� ����� �K���15 � <)��� ��=� �"��� �0 ����82 �A , ��:�� �K��*� ��� '�(�A �+ � �0 �)�
'������)2( ��$ �� -�)� ,)2�8�� .����8�� �=�$ ,-5���� , ��:�� �K��*� � 2 ,5�:���.����8�� ��# @��= ,-5���� M)�� . "5� , )-��� �2�-� � )��02 �� ,=�X��12F
05F2013 ����I2 ,�2���� .��� ���� , 2)�� , ��:�� �K��*� >���5�2 ,8)-���"5� , )-���� �, ��)� , �� 4 ��� 187 �� ,=�X��20F06F2013 ,)+�� �
T��� �����8�� ��%��� ,2�!2 �, �-�� .�� %����2 ,��=�� .���8-��2 ,8)-���� �%�82��� 4 ��� ����I2 ,�2���� .��� ���� , 2)�� , ��:�� �K��*� >���5� , )� "+�
, ��)3(�2 � ��:�� "� ����� '�(�A �0 �)� .�� ����� � � ���5 6�T� :�� "��� 6��2 �8�� <�+ �0 �25 �������)4( .
�8� 8�� @�����
�� ��< Z�@���[� @���� �� @���C " � #�
&$��� .��26 "5� ����8�� �10 F03 &$����07 ������ ���$ � "5� T� :���� "�����2 ?�)�� �������10F326 $8� '�%��� 6�2�0 3�! �)�
)1 (– �� ,=�X � @21F09F2003 $$� �57. )2(_ "5� "����� �H��11F237 �� ]�X��09 � �� 2011 '�(�A �K� , ��� �K��0 4�5 ���
� �� �� &�$�� � @ �.� ���� V-2 �� ,�� ?���� .��+� ����� �%� �=��2011 >39. )3 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��12. )4 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��12 "5� ?�)���13.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
246
��"$� ,��� �� �$ '�%��� �%��0 ��� � �$ $��)1(. �% ��!� �25 �!���� � 6)�2$8-�� &$ '�%���)2(. ,��� �%!��!� �������2 �� ��� 6��� �!���� ��=A . 8� 3 �
� �� $�� "� ���� &� =*� ,����� $�� "5� ����8�87F19)3( F�()�� F � $8� ���0 &$��� ��= � >����28 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �� ��� $8� ��� ?� &��$J��
�����5 �% )� G����� �������2 �!���� ��=A ,��� ��� &$��� �$+0 � �#�08 "5� T� :���� "�����2 ?�)�� ������� ������ ���$ �10F326 �%��82 :» ��7
)1 (F &$�)� �82�4 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 � &$����14 ����� � T� :���� " "5�10F326 �� ]�X��23 �2� $2010 � &$� 1� �� ��� �I�40 $$� � �$ $��)� ,)2�5 ,��
��= , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� 9$� >$� ��� ��� 6��� �!���� � ��= 6)�2 �� ���12 ;�K8�� � ��� �25 �5*� �)� ��%� . &$��� �$+0 � �#�02 ��$ � ?�)�� ������� ������ �
"�����2 ����0 )� ,K��:�� .������� �!���� � :�� � $+7��� ��� $)� ���� ��� M���. )2 (F "5� ����8�� ���010F03 ��:�� M�� �!X �0 ��$ �� ��� $8� ��� ?� �� ��� 6��� �!��)�
3 � �, ����� , ��:�� &�!���� , ������ �)� &$��� G��24 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� :» �$�� �K� &��� �0 �� ��� $8� ��� �I� �� ��� 6���0 � �!�� &$� � ,)+� , ��:�� &�!���� ��+�
, ��:�� �K��N� "H���� ��(���� 5�� ��A T$X � '�K�0 &$� �0 « ���A ����� >���� �+���:�� �� �2D� �� �!���� �25 , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ��A �5*� �)� &$��� ,��) &$���2 ������� ������ ���$ � ()� ��� $ $� �!�� $�� A � ��� $�� �+� ���� &$��� �0 ,��=22
"5� ����8�� �10F03 � ()� ,�) � D , 5�:�� $8-2 '�K�*� "�)�� � "%� �+ ,+��� ,8 �� $$�� �&�!���� ��(�0� ��(��� ��$2 ��� �-� �K-�� 6����� �0 ��- �.
@��=�� �� ,����� ��# �� ��:�� )�= �>� ��� �� �=�2 �!���� V �-� ��A T$X ��*� �*� �0$ $� �� �� $8� 6��2 , $�� &$ $� , ��� &�!�� � �+� ��A T$X � ���!��. 5�� �� �- ��+��� �
*�, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ,8��� �)� �. )3 (F "5� ����8�� �H ��87F19 � � -K� ,! .��+:
1F '��2 $8-�� ��� �� ?��� � �$�� �K�8�� �I� �T��$�� $8-�� �)� &�;���� , ��:�� .��!��)� ,2����2������ �A �%-�� ���� 9��$�� �)�.
2F���� .��!��)� ,2����2 "5� T������ ������ �I� �T��$�� $8-�� �)� ����� "� .��� �482 �� ]�X��13 F10F1992 "%��2���2 � ����� ��=I2 G�=��� � ����� ?�8� ��8�A ?� ����)� ���0
,�=� ,2�!2 $- T���� &$�:���� ?� "%�� T��� ��*� ���8�� �() ���5 ? �� �� "%��2���2 � )=��� 1 ���K��*� ��(��� "% .
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
247
�$�� &��$�� � &�$�22 T��$�� ��:�� �� "��� � �� ��� 6��� �!���������«.
��� �0 ��- � $8-������8�� &�82 ��� �%� '�K8�� ��A '��)�� ��$ "� � �+�,� - .�'���A "����� ���A ��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� "� 5 �� �!��
�������2 �� ��� 6��� �!���� ��=A .�2!I2)$���� �� �% )� G����� 22 ��A29 "5� ����8�� �10F03( ��;�K5 �K� �L$- �K� ��= �� "�8 "!
������� � :��2 "� 8)� ,)% ��� �!���� ����I2� �� &$$��� ,)%�� .K8�� ��I�������� ������� �!���� 6��� � � :�� ��$. $8� ��� "� �I� )� ,K��:��
A �� �$�� ���82 �� ���,��=�� ,��$�� M�0 &��$.
"5� ����8�� �+�10F03 ��A '��)�� ?�2 �� ��� 6��� �!��)� H:����� ��� $8� ��� �K��� T��$�� ���8�� �� �-�)� '�K8�� . T0 �K�8)� < � ��#�
��:�� ���� ����� 9$ ,�5�� �� ,�)�� � ��:�� ���5 , ��� 9$ ��A �H� �2���=�� , �����, �� � 6 � �0 �+��� 6 �� G���=�� "$� 6 � �� ,)!��.�'������ � �D� 22�� )� 3 � � , )=�$�� , ����� ��)1(. >���� LG� $8��
,82���� , ������ ,H�*� ��-� "� ���� 0$2�� ��# �)�� ��A $% � G�8�� � "��'�K8�� �)� ,K��-�� � �K8��� �%� � !+�� �0 M�� ����8�� ? 2�� �� .��� �����
"5�87 F19 –�()��F��# ��� ��A '�K8�� "�0 ,8��� ���� � �.
$8-�� ��:2 ,8)-��� ,�-�� $���8�� .��+ ��A�)2(� � ��A ����� &$��I2 �K8� )� .��+t $����� "$-� $8-�� 12� T0� �� .2��� ���� ��!B� �+ �� ������2�
�$�8-�� "� �� ��=B� � ��8)� � $5�-� �+ $� � �� � D �*� ��# �I�� ,2����2 $
)1 (–�H�� : � �+), +�( G �?2�� 4�� �132. )2 (–�H��: &$���122 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
248
�� ��� $8� ��:�. � �!����� ,���$�� 9���*� $�$���� 4 ��� � �8)� �2M�*� �� �K �-� U�� 4 �%�50 ��+ $5 ����10% + �� V �-�
���K*�)1(. 3 � ?��� �� ��� 6��� �!��)� >���� ���0 �� �-��� ��,��=�� , ;�K8�� .�%��� "�0 V �-��� g)2.
�� 8�� /����
� #� �� 2 � � 8�� �� &��
"5� ����8�� ���A �� � ��:�� � ���)� ,����� ?�8��� .��+ ��A87F19 "�V�*�� U�:�� � 2 ,)��� ? 8��� , ��+ �+�� ���5A� �$2 �V�*� ,$= �� ���:���2
� +:����%+)�� ,) �� �� .��+ ��A � ��� �'���� "5� $ $��� ����8��10F03 $5 >�����M�� ? 8��b � �!���� ?�8� V��-��� ��= � )� �-�� �� � ��#
�� ,)!����� ��� ?� )*��%� @�����(. �>����� � @��=�� �� ?��� ) @�����
�#� 8��(. � �� ?� � �!+0 6���+� �� ?����� ) @������8� 8��(. � '��2 ,�5A �� ?���&�!���� �=�$ ) @�������"����(.
*��%� @�����
� #� �� &
�� ��� $8� 6��2 �!��)� U���� �� ��� ?�� &$��� 6���03 � "5� ���:�� ����� ����508F16 &$����04 "5� ����8�� �10F03 ?� �#
�� �K��*� ��(���,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:. ?� �# ��(���� ?��
)1 (–�H�� : &$���26 "5� ����8�� �10F03.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
249
, +)�� ?� �� >�:� �� �)1( .
����8�� ,(� �� 9�=0 .��� �� "$=�� ��(���� H:� ��+ �L��� ��(����+�K��� 6� � � 6 � ���2���2� �� ��� ?�2 � �� �)� >���� 1)��� $8�� ��
$ ���� � ,���� �����2 ?)-��� 1)� ,��L$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� M�*� ��(��� � ?� ��+ M��2� �� �!� ��8� �)� <�� ��+ �T��8� �� � ?� �� ���
,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�.
.��)��� �+ 2��� $ �� 4��� T��� $ ���� �)�*� ?��� �# , +)�� ?� �A)�� ���-���� ����� ���(��()2(. , +)�� ?� .��)� ,;���2 ����8�� 1� $5�
?� ���-���� ?� �>�:���� ?� �# �%�� ,��:� 9�=0 ?�8� �K�82 <����?�:����� ��+��� ?��. � >�:���� ?� ��_ , +)�� ?�� 4��8 � T���� �%�
���(����� ��-���� 3 �� �)�= ,�)��(����� ��-���� �K��*� ,��� �� �, ��:�� .� &$��� 6��12 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 �
T��8� �� � ?� �# �� ��� ?� �I� �)3( '��� ����+ �%� $�� � �&� � G;��= �0 ,82���� , ������ � ���8�� ����$�� ����8�� ��.
)1 (F >�:����� V�N� ,����+ ����2 ��+ $5� '���� ��! �)� ������ 2 $�8 ��(���� ?���#��!2 ������ � '�� �)� ��� � �, ������ V�*� 4:���� ��X �7+ ���2 � D ��+ $5�.
)�H�� : ���� $�)� $�� $ ��( �6 $*� �'�2 �0 42�� �?�$ �, � -�� ?�8��� ���$�� ����8�� U�� �1968F1969 G �31(.
�+ ��=� ?� 6��2 �LA ��+ $5 � (�� M) >�:���� �0 ��- � ��7���� ?� �� �*� �#�+��� ?�� 4:���� ?� �� �*� �# �+ �� � ?� 6��2�.
)2 (F &$��� G��674 �0 ���2 '� �*� �� ������ 4���� ?� �# , +)�� �0 �)� ��$�� ����8�� �,H�*�� � ���8�� L��� .��-��� �-���.
)3 (F � ��� ?� �I� ����0 ��� �# �+ �� �!� ��8� �)� <�� ��+ �T��8� �� � ?� �# �3 � �,��$)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� &$��� G��684 �)� ��$�� ����8�� � :» �+ � ��8� �� �2�-
�8� �� � ?�2 ?d)-�� 9��$ �+ M��+� , +)�� ?� M�� �� �2 ��8� �)� 48 �� � ?�T�«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
250
?� ����� �- ��� G� ��0 �A *� �)� >�:���� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��"5� �*� �# ,��$)� ,��=��68F653F �� ]�X��30F12F1968 �� � ����2 ?)-� "� T���� �,��:�� �� ������>�:���� ?� �-� ��A ?��� � �;��= �+�2 � :�+
&$��� �� G��2 �)� � :» ��A � ��� &� ��� , ��:�� .��(���� ,��$�� 1��� .����"%���0 6�� �%������ ��-�«. &$��� .���05 �)� � :» ��� �
"$�8���2 �%+��� �0 � ��� &� ��� .��(���� ���2� �K��0 �� �����0� �� � �+ ��#��� A, ��� ,:�2 d�A �%��(��� � «.��K0� &$���06 :» ��� �
-2���� , ��8-��� ,��8��� ���*� ���� ��� � ��� ���:�� ��(���� ,«. �0 ��- ��� >�:���� ?� �H ������ � ���� ����5 ��+ �,��:)� ���� 1� ���-�� .�����
&$�� $$� � D ?� �#�� � �����)� �2�5 � D������ )�. >���� e$0 $5���$�� ����8�� �� &��+��� G����� �;�����T� $���� ��= � �858 ��A
960� � �)� $+X � ��$�� >�:���� ?� ��, ��:�� �K��*� �)� >�:���� ?� �.
"5� �*� �$� "!71F73 �� ]�X��08F11F1971 &��!��2 ?)-��� &$��� �� G�� , ������124 �)� �» �K��N� ������ ?�$���� �K��0 1��
+ � $2X�� >�:���� <��0 �)� , ������ 6���� $�-� �+��� >�� ��A �%��8��� �?����� « "5� �*� ���A �� >�:���� ?� ��+�71F73 $2X �8�� �2�5 �8�)� ��A
�3���� ��$ ��+��� )� ����� �0 �����)� �2�5 � D �+�.
�$� "! "5� ����8��87F19 , ��:�� .��!���� ����82 ��-��G� T���� �$� ��06 �)�: » >�:���� ?� ����8�� ��%2 � �-�� � ��:�� � ����� ,��$�� 1��
$$� � $ :���� �� � 4�$� 9���0 �2�8 ";�$��� �%) ��� .� : +� �#X��, ���� � ���5 �%� �=��«. ��� �����8�� ��# �H ��� ";�$�� >�:���� ?�8�� � � ������ �8�)� �2�5 � ��8� � )� ������ ��� $�� ,82���� � ���8�� �H �� ��+ �0 $-2
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
251
��+ �(���� L�* ���=� ?� >� ��� ��� ��:�2 '���� ��(��� 9�� M) � �+ .+���� �+� � � ����� ?� M) �0 ��$ ,� $�� ���� �� � ���8�� ��#
>� ��� �)� ��(�����.
"5� $ $��� ����8�� ��$�2�10 F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010 H:��� �� ������� G;��=2 >������ "5� ����8�� �%2 '�� ���� ������� �8�87F19)1( � � D
";�$�� >�:���� ?� 1� ��+ �0 $-2� �,�� � -2�0 V���2 >�:���� &$ �-� �0$2X �+�2)2( .�� ������� , ��=� ,2����2� &$���15 "5� ����8�� �10F03�
�� ?� �� ������� �0 �)��� �� <:� � � �=B� '�K�*� &$;�:� �L�0 ��+ &�!����� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� '�K�5�� $���. ���*� ,����� ���
4 2 $8� �+� �� ������� ��+ � &��2� � "%: � ��#�» '�K�0 �5�2 T$2 �$��� V��-�� �� ��� ?� '���5� �� "%�2D� , ��:�� &�!����4 2)«)3( ) &$���19 �
)1 (– &$��� .��13 �8�� � "5� ���10F03 �)� :» ������ 3 ������ �����)� �2�5 �� ��� ?� ��+ ����8�� ��# "�+�* �82�«
)2 (– ,+��� �A ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ���$� , ��+A �# ��� ��� ?�2 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ,K�-���� �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� .8� ��- 2�2 ���� �(���� ��+ ��I� ��A ��7�) � �>��8��2 ��)(�� � �!��� ��+ � $
12��� ? 8�� $%2 �%��(��� �0 ��2 �%+�� �0 �K��*� '��+ . ����� 1�: � ���5X >�:���� �-� �I� ��, ��:�� �%�%�� �)� H��� � �%�$= �� ���$� .2! � �25 � V�*� ��(����.
)3 (F��� $8-�� �72 4 2�� �- T���)� �=C ��� ?� T0 �0 '�� , +) �8� �0 4;�2�� 2��2 "��) T �!�� � 4�$ �0 )� 6� T����)��&$� 351 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;�����.(
&$��� .�� 3 � 2 >�2��� ��+� - 2 �+ >�:���� ?� G��=2�844 T�;����� ��$�� ����8�� �: »�2 >�:���� ?� 6���+� �+2����8�� �K�82� "$�8���2� ,-:���2� ?�:��«.
&� ��� 9$� >�:���� ,��� �� ��+ >�:���� ?� 4 2 �+� �4 2��+ $�8-�� �+ ��� ?�:�� ,)+�� �� �0 "5� ����8�� ���A10F03 I� &$� >�:���� ?� �� ��� 6��� �!���� .�� ,��$�� �40 ,)2�5 ,��
$ $��)�� �25 �%�� $5� �!���� ��=A ,��� �� &��$J� &$�:��� &$����2 $8-�� ��:+ &$�� ��# '�%����������2 .>�:���� ?� M) � �!���� �0 ��- �� - 2 �0 � +�b I� �� ��8�� >�:���� ?� �
,��= ,- 2� �� �# �!��)�� � ����8�� �� )� G����� �� -�� >�:���� ?� �# ����$�� �# ��,82���� , ������ � ���8�� �� ��8�� >�:���� ?�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
252
"5� T� :���� "�����10F326(�#� � �2�8 ��$2 �0 �2�82 ��+ �0 �A.
2� ��2�82 �����)� ,2���� &$��� .��17 "5� "����� �10F326 �)� &���K.�'����� � ,���2 �� ��� ?� �� ������� $L 8��� �!�� � "��A
�:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��, �� � 2��+ '�K�*� �5�2 ���=A ���$2 ���� T���� "% 0� �� U����� "% )� � -� 3 � �,-:���2 �=*� �� "%;��C '�$2A $�5 . "$8 "!
������������� $8-��2 �8�� ��� $�� ��A �2)� )1( ������� �K� T���� )� �-5� � ����� �� 6;��K�� ,�)� 9$� ���))2 ��K� 1����� , �# �������� g
�� ��� ?� '���5� (... $8� ��A ,��KA�)�*� �� ���� � �% )� �5$�� ,=���� ����� �+� , ����� �-��� ,5��2.
,2����2 �0�2�8 ��$2 �����)� �.�� )� &$���14 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �%��82: »��� ?�8� T�� $�* ���� ������� �+ �� �� ��� � , 82��� &L$)� $ :�
$��8��� �� h�)2 �0 ��-�� ,���«)2(. G��� ��# � "%: 0�2�8 ��$ ������� �� .�������2 "� 8�� � -� ��� 2 ��+ �0 $��8��� �� g)2 T��� �!���� �8� ���
, ��:��. �,����� ��# �� � ������� ��+ �0 6� � ��� ?�8� T�� � &���� $ :����:�� �-)� �);�-�� 42��)�.
������ ��� $)� �;���� � $�� ��A �2)� ������� �!���� ��� )� '��2�, ��:�� �K��N�� ������� � 2 ,2��8�� ,5�� .2!� ���� , );�-�� ,���)� &$�%�2 �8��
)1 (F &$��� G��18 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)�: » ,H����� �� �%�2� , ����� M�0 &��$A �$-� $ $� �� �� $8-2 ��� ��� ?� 6���� � (� �+ .2!
, ��8-��«. )2 (F +� �2��� ����� >�� >���� 1K� "� ��5*� �)� ,�� � �� �%� $��8��� �� �0 � ��2!A "�
&$��� �$$� �+06 "5� ����8�� �83F12 �� ]�X��02F07F1983 $��8���2 ?)-���) �� @>28 ,���1983 ( "5� ����8��2 "���� �$-��99 F03 �� ]�X��22F03 F1999 ) "5� � @20F ,���1999.(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
253
,5��2 � ,=��� �� �������� �� ���)� , ����� �-����%� ���-�� .2!� , 2� &$� .2!� ������� ��K�� � &$�%� �08��K $��8��� f�-�. �6� ������ 6� �� �
��� $8� �%� ��, ��8-�� ,H������ &$�)� �8 2��18 "5� ����8�� �10F03.
��2�8 ��$2� ?�8��� T��� ������� "� � '�K�0 �5�2 � �+ V�� ,��� �� ��� $��� &�!����� ������N,-:��� ?� ,��� , ��:�� V��� "�+�0 �;� � ?2���
&$���14 "5� ����8�� �10F03 ��� $�� ���A .�� �+� �"$8��� ����� �)������� ,8��� $-2� , ��:�� �K��N� ������)1(.
� ��+ ���,-:��� �� ?��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� ���A ,��� ���0 �5�2,-:���2 �=*� �� "%�2D� "$� �� , ����� , ��:�� &�!���� '�K� &��8��
&$��� "+�2 "%�15 "5� ����8�� �10F03 "� ��A � ,��� �� �0 �+���2 � $���� � G=� �,-:��� ?� ,��� &�!���� �� � �=B� '�K�*� �� ��� $�� ��=
��)� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ������� ,8��� $-2 ��� ��� 6��� �! ����8�� �� �% )� G����� .�'���J� �82� �� ��� �� 8� �� ������� ,)���
"5�10F03 �, 82��� &$)� �A �� ��� �82 � ,����� ��# ��� �?��� ��# .2! ��� $)� ��0 '�K8��230 '�K�*� �5�2� ������� ����A � ��� � �� � "%� L$� ��$
"#$-2 , ��!�� ,2���� �� ��� $�� ��7 �.
G��� � 1K� 3 � "5� ����8��10F03 >���� �0�K ,�� .�'���A 4�����)�� "5� ����8�� <+�87F19 �()��� �$�2 L�50 T���24 �25 , ��+A
";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� �������� $� ������ �0 ������� �� ����� �+�� ������ 4 �$���2 &��8�� � �9 �10 �� ��+ �0�� ����:�� >��8�� �� �;�$ ��� ��� �0
'�K�*� �5�2 ��25... ����.)=$� �A� ,��$�� ,-:��� ?� ,����.
)1 (– �H��: &$���22 "5� "����� �10F326 �� ]�X��23 �2� $2010.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
254
��� ��� ?� 3 ��� , ��=� ,2����2� $5 �0 ?2���5��� ��A , ����8�� ,- 2���&�!���� , ��:��� �%�0 �)� ��$�� ����8�� "�+�* 4K�= T��- G=�)1(� �%�0, �$ ,+��� T��� ���:�� ������ �* 2 "�8 �!���� �# ��$ ����)2(. ������
,� $�� ,+���� "�+�0 ��A� &$��� $��439 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;����� �)� G� :»���� �0 '�+���� $�0 .�2 ,+���� �%���� �0 )� ���A .A � �� ?�:��� ��� �0
�!�� 4 ,+���� ���� �0 '�+���� $�0 .� ��A � ,���«. �0 � � �� "5� ����8��10F03 ��:�� &�!���� ���� ������2 1� 6��� �!���� &��� ,��� �� ,
�� ��� �A � &$��� .��24 �)� �: » � ,)+� , ��:�� &�!���� ��+� �$��!�� &$� '�K�0 &$� �0 �K� &��� �0 �� ��� $8� ��� �I� �� �� 6���0 � �
"%�� , ����� M�*�� , ��:�� �K��N� "H���� ��(���� 5� ��A T$X ��� ��� >�K�«.
�0 H�� �+ &$��� �� >����13 "5� ����8�� �10 F03 1)�� �-���"3 �����"�% � '�� 3 � � :»� ?� ��+ 3 ������ �����)� �2�5 �� ��
������...«���+ � $ �2 1)�� ��-������8���� 3�� �� "�+�* �8 2���)3(� 6�
)1 (– &$���20 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �� ]�X��15 .�02010. )2 (– &$���5 "5� ���:�� ����� ����5 �08F16. )3 (F0 � 20 � '���� 3� � ��20 ��� 3�� ��8 �!�� � �!�A 3�� �-:�� �$� ,()�� �� 3�� �� T
�#� $��� �#��-� ���+��� �-:)� �$� ��*� �� 3���� 3�� �� � �+� ����� $-2 �� �A ������-� ��5 ��# �� �=C ��A G=� � '���� ��8���: {a�`_b��g�f�e�d�c
l�������������k��j��ihm������r��q��p��o���nz ] , B�16 ���� &��� �.[ ���� �� 3�� �� �L0 '��� �3��� 6�2�0 � 62�2 !�� � 3����� 8��� �� "�� �%� �%8:�� U�
, ����� ?�8��� � �8� �0 ���8� �0 �� M����� ��+ . ,+��)� �� 8����� >�� ��K�82 �- ")� �%��% 8��� ��A �% )��� ,+���� , :�� , : +� 3��� �+ 6 ��� , ����� .
)�H�� : @��)2)�2�-��( � �3 ����� "�+�0$ ��� ���2���. ����- ,� �4 �2010 G �26(. , ������ ,2��8�� �� 3�� �� 6�2�0 T�;����� >���� ��� $5�) &$���126 ����5 � &��*�.../...
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
255
�+�) 3����� ���� ��+ �0 ?:�� � ���� ,- 2��� �#� �3��)� 4�� ��� ?�. �� 0� �+ .5X ?� �%�� ��� ,��$�� 4���� �������2 �!���� �=0 ��A� ��
�%� +)� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� &$����� , ����� M�*� 4������� "� ��� ���$8-�� &$ �%��� . �%�� � T��$�� ��:��2 � =*� ��#F�� 0� �+F ����8�� &�82�.
�>� ��� ��� , �=�� &���2 ,:�2 ��(���� ?� ,��� >���� ���� � -� ,��� �� 8 2�� �+ � T��� �*�,!���� $$)1( &$��� .�� M���25 ����8�� �
"5�10F03 $�0 &����� � ��� � ,�� ��0 �� ,!���� '�X# �� �=� &���K �)�� "%� � � "%)! � 2 �:+� �0 �&�!���� �� "%!�� '�2�0� ?�8� ���� �0 �2�82 �������
"#$�*� �08�� ��# �� &$$��� ������ 6�� "%5�8� �� ����������� . '�K8�� $-2� ,82���� ��)��� 9$�� ,!���� �� �=� ��$ ��*� ��# �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ��=
M��2 ,��=�� , ;�K8�� ,%��� , ��:��� ? 2�� �� 6��� T���� �)=��� .�2!A $�5.�'���A ?�8��� @��$A� , ;�K8�� ,������K,��=�� , ����� M�*� �� �8 2�� &$�)�53 , ����� M�*� ����5 �F"���� �$-��F.
2 ?)-� � � �0�� ��� ?� �#� , ��= �0 �+���2 � $���� � &$���19 � ����$2016 �)� .�� �0 �� �����$��2 ��K , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� ?� ,�������'� �� ��� 6���0 � �!��)� �!+0 .���K� �%��� �0 "%� ?2� � ��� �
��+ ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��K2 , +�2�� V��8�� �)� ������ �� .�2�-�
.../...T�;����� (�#� ?�8����� ���� ����� � $2 �� 22� $�� 3�� �� .�2!� �:+ � �+� : F ,8 8� 3���� .� ?8�� �+� �0) &$���127 T�;����� &��*� ����5 .(F .5� 3����� &� � ?8��
!�� .�) &$���128F133 �134 .(F�$ 3��� 4��� � 4�� $��� " ) &$���135 &$����138 T�;����� &��*� ����5.(
)1 (F>� ��� �)� >���� �%�� �� ��� ?� �� ,)!��� ������ �!���� ,�� �A. &$�)� �8 2���713 $-2 ,���� ��# �8��� ��$�� ����8�� ���>� ��� �)� �# �+ &���� >� ��� �)� '�+�� ,!���� �2�- �
,���� ��# ��.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
256
�%�0� �)�� , ���� .���X�� M��2��� R$ $���� ��K+ , +)�� ?�2 �0 ��-� � " $8�� ����8�� ���A �� � $ :���� �-� � U���� T��$�� $8-�� , 5 �� ��+� �
"%�. �:�� ���;�� ���= �� M #�� , ���� 2��� , ���� ���-��+ ��).��B� �.������( � ����� �)� �#�!0�� �+ �K� ��-�0 V�:� U�:�� &�$5 "$� ��
��� , �(� M��� �V��8�� $;$ $��� ����8�� ��= � $+0 >���� �I�� ?� , )2�5 �)��#L�)� �� ���� ���0 ����0 �+ � ����$ ��K ?� �#�.
&$��� .���12 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� :» "�+�0 �� �H��� V(2��$�� ����8��� ��= �8! �#� < �7� ?� ����8�� ��# �� )� G����� �� ���
V�8�� .�; # &$;�:� �� ��� �� e����� T��8-�� �� -�� ?���«� �$+0 � �#��� &�8:� ,!��!�� &$���02 �2 ?�)�� ������� ������ ���$ � "5� T� :���� "����10F326� T��8-�� �� -�� ?��� �� �#��� �0 �)� .�� 3 �� ��2�� �� �+� .
� �+�� � $�#)1(.
&��2� �A»��$�� ����8�� "�+�0 �� �H��� V(2« &$��� �� &$�����12 ���0 .A �% �� "5� ����8�� "�+�0 ?2��� "$� ��A &��10F03 �$�� ����8�� "�+�0 4 ��# �� �
)1 (F &$��� G��889 ��$�� ����8�� � T�;������)� :» � (�� V�0 �)� ,;�8�� ���2�� M��� ��� ��� �� $�� '�:��� �� �%�#� �0 ��A V�8�*� �! � � ��� '�: ��� �� "L$8��� ?� �;�$)� ��+ ,����� ��#
,��=�� "�+�N� �8�� ���2�� �82��� ��A V�*� M�� -�$ T��� V �-��� �� ����2�� .$#?������2«.
&$��� G���26/2 "5� ����8�� �10F03 »*� ��+� �� ��� ,����� �K��*� ,��$�� 4����� M��% )� �# ���� ,����� �� , ����� . M�*� &��$A �$$�� V �-� �� ?��� �� ��� , �%� �)� 6���
U�� 4 , ����� M�N� ,2����2 , �����10% �� ��� 6��� ��=A ,��� �� ���K*� �� V �-�+�������2« . &$��� G���27 ����8�� <:� ��)� :»���� .��� ��� 6��� �8!� ���� ,)���� ��#
V �-��� g)2 �� &�!����« . �� ��� 6��� �!���� �#$ � ���� ���2�� �0 G����� ��# �� "%: $ :���� V�-� ,��$�� �0 ����� $8-�� '�%�A ,��� ��� �%�#� �������2 , ��:�� &�!���� �K��0 �)�
V �-��� ��# ��A �8�� �#��� �I�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
257
�7���. &$����884/2 ��$�� ����8�� � �+�� �#���� ��+ �0 6� �0 �)� G�� � ���)� �#0� ��#��� ��8-)�. &$��� G���887 ����8�� <:� �� �0 �)�
��8� �2�-� ���� ��#��� ��8-�� .�8�) �#��� �� �� ?�8� G�= ��2 �� � G�=���2 .���8-��� ?�:���� �)� ,-:���2 $�-� ���� .�'������ .�� ����� ,��+�
M����. �� 2 �� �# T��� ��#��� ��8-�� .�8�) �K >�:���� ?� �+� $� "�,��$)� M) ��*�. �+ >���� �0��� &$��� �� ��886 ��$�� ����8�� �� �0
��8� �� &��2� >���� �-��� �)� ���8� ��#��� '���� ��+ � � �72 ��8�� �+*>�:���� ?� �#� ��� .
� 9� "�D��� $ ��� $2� � �")1( ?�:���� ?� �)� >�:���� ?� <� 5 �+ �0��#��� ��8-�� .�8�) � ���2��� ��. 9� ?� ��� .�� ���" � $�� $ �� $�
����" �0)2( '���� ��-��� 2��� >�:���� ?� �L�= ���� � ()� M�)��(��� $� � �4:��)� �82�� ��!�� �0 ���� >�:���� ?� �)� �� 7��� �#��� �� �%� 5 �=$��
"�-�� ��K��� �% )� �%���� �;�$)� ���)� ��. >�:���� ?�� .�5��- 2�2� �0 �$ '�%���2 �K8� 4:���� &���� �-�� �� ��$�� 48 �#�� ��%��.
?� �0 �+���2 � $����"5� ����8)� �82� >�:����10F03 4:���� .�2 �%�� �� �� 0� �+ ��8���� �2�5 ��+. ����8�� G��� 4 V5��� T0 >���� 9$�:� ����
��$��� �� 0� �+ ,��= ,- 2� �� �� ��� ?� �*�� &��2-2 '���» �� �H��� V(2��$�� ����8�� "�+�0« . �+ &$��� G� � "%:12 � "5� ����8��10 F03 �0�2 1� >�����# �#��� ��$ V�8�� .�; # &$;�:� �� ��� ?�� $���8�� �=2
)1 (–�H�� : �D���)� � $ ��� $2�(�, �$�+��� �, � -��� , �=��� .�� 7��� � � ��-�� &7��1970 � G172.
)2 (– �H�� :$� ����)� $�� $ ��( ,-2� �?�$ �, -2��� , � -�� ?�8��� ���$�� ����8�� U�� � �V� �1981F1982.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
258
V�8�� ��+ �0 � �� ���� ,�-�� � ��- �0 � - 2� ��=�.
�8 2������ &$��� .13 "5� ����8�� �10F03� �2�5 �� ��� ?� �I� ��� 3 � ����)� �!���� �;�$� ��� 6��� �� ,�� �)� ������� =*� ��#
&�!��)� M) �%�0 "D�)1( � 6� � >�2�A �% )� G����� ��8-�� �)� ����� .�'���A � $���� ��721 ��A765 , �$�� .�'����� ����5 � , ��$���T�;������ �*
'�K�*� G�� �� &��2� �#, ��8� , � � ?�8�� �$+X� � �#� &$���2 � ���$'�� ���� "�����2 ?�)�� ������� ������ :» �� ?��� 6��� �!��)� �% ��� ���... �#� �� ��� �� A �� T��� T��8-�� ?�����K+ V��8)�...«. ��A�
"5� ����8�� ��+87F19 �()��� � ��+ �0 $���� )� ������ �� ���� ���$��� "%�$$� � ��� G�=�*�9 �10� �0� �82� '�K�*� , 82 ��25 ��� � ��
,�8��2 ,2����� ����*� � ��� T72 � ��� )2(. "5� ����8�� �I�10F03"� � G�
)1 (F��2� , �$ ,+�� �# , ��:�� &�!���� .��+ ��A , �=� �� ,)8���� , ��-�� , �=��� �%� ����,+���� �� �)� , +) ?� "%� < � '�+���� �0 ��- ��%� ��% � '�+����� %�0 ��+) ��A�� �����
�#�;��= ��� ,+���� U�2�0 �� "%�2��0 �!�. 5�8� �A .� � G����� "%�*� ��#�� , �=� . �%� ���0 .��+ ��� ��� ,��8� ���0, ��8� ���0 �%)+ ,+����. ,+���� �� ,���� ��+ �� 6��� �
�%� e;����� � ,��� ��8�: 1F��8� � ��8� �� ��� ��I� �% � ��� ��A ,���� 6��� �A. 2F � ��� �% )� ��� ��A� ����8� ,+���� ���0 .��+ ��� ��8-�� ��� �% )� ��� � G����
� (�� 9$� � $)�. 3F�A �#� 4 ���� ���� �#$�� ,+����� � �� ��#� �#� �0 M ��)� �� "� ���8� ,+���� �� �� ��+ �
��8-�� . )�H�� : T��%����)?����� $2� $�0(@ �$ $��� ��$�� ����8�� U�� �� � ���� �8�.�� 2 � .�����
�, 5�8��� �6)���2001 G �203(. )2 (F &$��� G��39 "5� ����8�� �87F19 :» ����8�� ��# �� �% )� G����� $���8�� ,:��= �+ �
��+� , ��� &�!�� '���A $�5 '�K�0 ,!�!2 �$8�� ��$*� $���2 ,8)-���� T�2��� 4 2�� ,��� �� ���" �8��� ? �� �� ,;�����2� ���:�� e���� ,:�2«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
259
�� �#���� 6����� ������ �)� $���� )� ������.
�)� ����� �K 0 ��� �&�!���� �� $ :���� ,�� �)� ����� ��� �+� �A �&�!���� ���0 �;�$��% ���2 ?�� �0 �25 ���� ��# � "%5�8� ������ "%�
'�K�N� �� �=��� ���;�$�� � "%��� )1( . �� &�!���� ��;�$ 4� � ��#��%;�K�0 �)� >������ + "� ��A ,��=�� "%���0 ��� '���)� �+ &�!���� ��
"%5�8�2)2( .
�%�� $ $ $�� �� &�!���� <��8� ,��� ���� �� � ?� �)� ����� � �;�$)� <���� �� ���� �)�,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)��
�%2 ,)���� , ����� M�*�� , ��:�� &�!��)� , ���� ,��� ��+� ������ 3 ���8-�� �)� ����� .�'���A ���2�)3(� �+�T� :�� $�� �;�$�� $ 2 ��+ �0 6� )4( �
� "� 3.��8��� , �:+ "$� ,��� �� '�K8�� $ .�� G���� 4K�� ����A�, ����� , ��:�� &�!����� ����� �� � $�� 4�$� "� ��A �%�72.
���#��� 6�+2 ����� �0 ��� � � "� � �%� ��= �� ����� �0 >$� �;�$2 T��8-�� �%��� ,�)�2 h�2��& V�*� 45�� )� <�� ������ ��� ?� �%�
)1 (–�H�� : , 5� �2) �� �2( G �?2�� 4�� �165. )2 (F &$��� G��434 �)� ��$�� ����8�� � :» '�+���� ��+ �,+���� ���0 �� $�� .5�(��� ��A
,��=�� "%���0 �� �� $�� ��# �� � ��X�«. )3 (F "5� ����8�� 6��2 , ����� M�*� ����5 � $-�208F14 �� ]�X��20 � �� 2008 . �� G�
����� M�*� �0 �)� ,-2���� �$� ���� ,25��� , +) �I� �� ������� "$�8�)� ,)2�5 � D ,��=�� , �% )� ����� �+ � ,��$�� �%2 .H:��� . �� &�!���� '�K�* U���� �� ��� ?� �)� ����� 48 �2
, ���� G��2� >� ���. ?��� ��# . 57� ��A �H���2 �+ � D ��K �#�)40 $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,�� (A �H���2� ��� �� &��$�� ,�)� ����&$�� ��# '�K8�� �25 ��� &$�:��� �%�$��I2 $8- . M�$��� >���� �+�
.�8�0 T��� �!���� V �-�2 $8-�� ��� "D� &�!���� &� � , ������ �)� �� ��= � �*� ��#)� �� �=�2 5�8�.
)4 (–�H�� : &$���721 �� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �T�;����� , ��$� .
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
260
) ����)1( �$ 8� L$- �)2( ?�� V�*� ��(��� �� �� ��� 6���0 � �!����. � 4 2�� "� ��� �% )� �;�K5 <��� � -. '�����2 , ��:�� &�!���� "8� "� ��A�
� $��2� , ��8-�� ,H�����2 ����� �0 $ 8� ������ �%��� ��=� �K��� ��� ;�5 �;�K8��&$�� �+� �� 4 2�� ����2 ,� 6��+ �% )� 45� �� � �,�)��� ��=
15 , ����� �� � �!���� � �+ ��A �����A& ���=�� "%��� �� � �;�$��� , ��:��� � $$��� ������ ��+�� �� &$ ���� T����� ������� � $ 8�� � �;�$�� ���A $-2
)�� ����� ����� .�'���A ����2&$ ���� ��K�2 "% )� 2)3(.
�K 0 � � �I� ������� �������� �8��� G;��= ��A ,��K��2� �� ��� ?�22��� � �$ ��� , ��+A "$-� ,-:��� ��� � , +)�� >�� ���A �� �A)4( , �-��
.�������2 ��=�� .��� '��!���2� �$�� M����'�� �0 ,����� �K��*� ��+ * ,��2 �%��-��� � '���+,�� ,-:� .�� &��� ����� ��0 � T��8�� ���
��� �$�� V �-� � �� ��� 6��� �!���� $ :�� ,����� ��# .
� '��� ��$� �%� $�� � ���� &� ��� �;��= �� ��� ?�� �0 "$8� � "%:
)1 (–�H�� : &$���725 � ����8�� <:�. )2 (F "%��- �� �# �� -� "�) � V�*� ��! � �=7 � $�� �0 �)� ����� �� �-�� 9�� $8�
&$��� G� �)� ��� 5592/7 � "�) � �)� ����� 4�� ���� ����:�� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 ����� 6�2����%� &$� ���0� � $)� ,. &$��� �� G�� T�;����� >���� �0732 ����5 �
�)� T�;����� , ��$��� , �$�� .�'����� :» �� 2 ?�)�� ��8-�� ��! 4 2 �0 )� ������ � $)���0 ������ �;�$)� ��� ,+��� �2K ,��72 �!�� >$� � �,����� &��$�� ���0 � M�� ��+ � 6)�
$����2 �%- 2� +��:��� ��!�� ���� �, ������ � ����� $���2 ,K �� �72 G =���� ,+��� < ;�,+��� �2K ,��72 ��%�! >$� � 9�=0 ,8 �� , 72 �0 � �� ? �� �� �%- 2 �0 ��)-��«.
)3 (–�H�� : $����739F740F741 ���� , ��$��� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 �T�;�. )4 (–�H�� : ���2 T$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �, ��8-�� .������� �132.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
261
,82���� , ������ � ���8�� �� � ����8�� �� �0��$�)1(. ��5��� $�� ��)��� �0 ?2���� ��� $8-� , ����8�� ,- 2��� ��A ��A � ��� A � %)��� T�;����� >���� �0
:�*�� �� "le bail Emphytéotique" ����:�� �: ��� ����8�� �� ��-��)2(� �#�T��8� �� � ?� �%�� 6��� $*� ,) �� .���� �� � >��� �0 ��- � ?�
T$�-�� ��� �� �� �:)�= �82 �� ��� )3(.
�� ��� $8� 2� � �K 0 ,- ���� � $���� �+��� $8� �, ���� � 5 T��������� �0 �� �K 0:�*� $8� ���� � , �%� ��A � =*� ��# � ��� 4�� 3 �
, ������ , �����2�� )4( �����X ��2+�� �� ���5�� ��+ � 0 ��2�� "% K��0,-������ �% )� ,K��:�� 6;��K�� � �2�%�� $2X �+�2 �0 ,) �� &$� �%����X �.
���*� 4�$ ��7���� ��� 3 �9 ������, � ���� � ���2 ����� �)� &$� �V�*�. , ���:�� &��!�� $-2��7� "5 . ?��� ��#) � 2 � U����� �$18 � ,��99 ,��(� � D �+��2�5 $ $��)� .��+ ��� �� &$ ��= R� Emphytéote �� �������
)1 (F "� ��I� �$$��� ��*� '�K8�� �25 4:���� &���2 �0 )�0 '�%���2 �%�� ��$�� >�:���� ?� ��+ ��A
��2 �%�� � �4:���� &� �2 ���8 L$� ��0 � � - ) &$���812 ��$�� ����8�� �T�;����� ( ?� �I� "5� ����8�� �H �� �� ���10F03 �!�� ��A �8�� �A ��!���� &���2 �%�� �) &$���24 ����8�� �
"5�10F03( L$- M�� ��= ?�:�� �+� 3�� � ?� �%� 4:���� G=�2 �2�� �%� ��*� <+� �8����� . 57��� �� ��= � 2 4� � �� ��� ?� �0 ����2�� . "� 8�� ?� 4:��)� ��+ ��A �0 M�� ��A K0
&��$�� ���72)�! ��� �� ( ?� 6��� �!���� M) M�� � <+-�� �)-� ����� ���0 ��$ ����� ���72 "� 8�� ,�)� �� ���),+��� $8� "��2A ������ ��#� .( �#��20� &��$�� ���0 �L0
"5� ����8�� ��2�- � ��� ��10F03 $8-�� ��� ��A T$X�� .�������2 ��=�� ��� � &���. (2
-)
L’article 937 du code aural français dispose que: « le bail emphytéotique de bien
immeuble confère au preneur un droit réel susceptible d’hypothéquer, ce droit peut être
cédé et saisi dans des formes prescrits pour la saisie immobilière le bail doit être consenti
pour plus de 18 années et ne peut dépasser 99 ans et ne peut se preneur par tacites
reconductions ». )3 (F����� �8�)� �2�5 T��8� �� � ?� �# �� ��� ?� �� 2 ��=� ?� �# ��7���� ?� �A ���
T$�-�� ��7���� �%2 4�� � G;��= �#� �#����. )4(
–�H�� : Gotton (G), Législation Agricole, Dalloz 1979, p 17.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
262
$-2 �+� �8�K �10 .���� ��(���� �� � D ?����� �� �A ������� "� ��, �����. M���� V25 ?� ��8-��Le Canon &��*� T0� "$� ,��� �� $8-�� ��: �+"����� R��Emphytéote �������)1(.
���#� 8�� @���
/�#0�� E \����� &
&$��� � , ��!�� &�8:�� G��11 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� :» �!���� �+ '�K�*� &$$-��� , ��:�� &�!���� �� �� ��� 6���� &�!�� � +�� ���= �0
$��, � M��2 6)� " $8� )� � -� ,����� ��# ��� � ��AK��N� ������ ��� $� � &�!���� ,��� � 4K=� T��� " H��)� �82� � ��: �0 )� 6� T��� , ��:��
, -���� , ��:��«. G��� ��# � "%: �0 � �� ��� 6��� �!���� @��=, ����� , ��:�� &�!����� � $ 8� 4K= , $�� , ��� &�!�� � +�� V�(2. ��*�
�#�� ������ ��� $�� ,8��, ��:�� �K��N . �# ���!��� , -���� ,����� "����� &$��� �� &$$���03 "5� T� :���� "����� �97F490 �� ]�X��20F12F1997�
, ��:�� �K��*� ,;��� ���� $$� T��� )2( .�+ "�� ��� >� ��� � @��=��� 2� "5� ����8�� �H �87F19� 3 � �)� V�: ��+� ����� � ���A �� �-�� � ��:�
T$20 �+�2� ����) &$���9(� ��$ , ����� , ��:�� .��!���� " �8� ��A 9$0 �
)1( F�H��:
GOTTON (G), et RANDIE (R), tous les litiges entre preneurs et bailleurs, baux ruraux,
encyclopédie, delma, pour la vie des affaires, 2eme édition , Paris, et Céé
Masson, 1982,
p39. )2 (F ,�� � @1997 �> 84�.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
263
,��$)� ���=A)1(.
���� 1)�� ��-��� >���� �)� ��+,; � � � , ����� , ��:�� &�!���� "5� "����� �� �% )� G����� , -���� ,����� "����� ����� �097F490
, ��:�� �K��*� ,;���2 ?)-���.
,�8�� 1)�� )2�8 T��� >� ��� �$� �# ,����� ��# �� ,+���� �0 �+ �+� �4;���� ���� � &��: ,��2 M ���� G�= �0 ���- >� ��� � @��=���
"5� ����8��10 F03 &�!���� � @��=�� ?� �� ��� 6��� �!���� 1�2� �-�� &��»>� ��� � @��=�� ?�« � �, $�� , ��� &�!�� � +�� ��0 �
�� ��� �X����� U��- 2� , ����8�� ,�, $�:�� &�!��)� �0 � � � ��$�� ����8��$����� G=��� .�� ,+���� � �+�2 1� � T�;�����)2(.
9�� ���� ,! $��� &�+:��2 �=0 T�;����� >���� �0 ��8�� �+ �# ,+���� �72 &$��A �)� � ����*� ,��$��2 >���� &$��A �)� "�8 $8� � �!+0 �����5 "�H�
'�+����. , ����� , ��:�� &�!���� �� ,8!2��� , $�:�� , ��:�� &�!���� �I� ��
)1 (F "5� ���8�� �� '��51 564 �� ]�X19F10F2009 » �0 $8���� ���8�� .� ! � $ :� 3 �K� �%�I� 2��2 �%���2I2 "�+��� , 5�:��� ��A >�����2 � @���0 3�! � 2 &�!���� V�0 " �8� ,��$�:2 V�*� � '�� @�� �+ ��(��� �%;�K�0... .���! ��(��� �����8�� ������ 42���� �0�
� $���� "�%:2 H�:� �82 &�!����15 ��A21 "�%)� " �8� $�� �0 "�$ � ���+��� ����8�� � U�2�*� '�82A 4 '�K�*� � 24 ��� � 2 T������2� >� ��� �� ��!���� '6��...«.
)�H�� : �� )-�� ,+�)� ? "> � � G�=@ �, ��8-�� ,��(�3 �2010G �404(. )2 ( F 4 ��� .�- ����� ��%� �-2�� ����*�� T� )���� 4 ����� �� �#�$� $�� $����� ����� ,+��
� �=�� ���0 � '�� >���5� $����� G=��� � - >��� ��(���),+�� ( �� � ��X� $L$�����% )� � �;�$�� >��� � �7 �� 9�=*� ���0 �82� 3 �2 ���0 � �%� G�= � �$82 �%�� $ . '���)� ,��K �%- � G=��� ���7� ,��� &$�� 0$2 T����� ����:�� �� H�+ $=0 ��$�� >�����
�� $2) &$���188 ����8�� �T�;����� ��$�� .( M��� $����� ����� ,+��2 .�=0 .�- ����� .��+ �A�,��=�� � ���8�� �+� ,�-�� ,- ���� �82 � =*� ��# �+� ��$�� ����8�� �� < �� T������ ����8)� ,2����2.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
264
&� =*� ��# "�+�0 <:�� 4K=�� �)� �A �%8 2�� �+ � ���� "�+�*� '��!���2����, ����� .��!.
4K=�� &�!��)� , -���� ,����� "����� &$��5 ��A , ��:�� &�!���� ,;��� &$��� �� �% )� G������ ��% )� ,;�8�� , ��:��03 "5� T� :���� "����� �
97F490 �� ]�X��20 �2� $1997 , ��:�� �K��*� ,;��� ����� $$��� )1(
����� ��$��� �K�.
&6 � �� /��
�$��%� ]#��� B <��� �� � ��
� � ��
�#��� ��
0 + , 8��� �K��*�9�=*� ?����� ��
0+6+@+$+"
, 8� 1 �K= 1,5
2 ����0 ,����� �K= 4
3 ����0 ,���� 7
, 8� � D 1 �K= /9�2+ .����� 8
2 9�2+ .����� / ��0 7
3 , ���� .����/T�2+ .����� 10
2 , 8� � D 1 9�2+ .�����/ ��0 /,��� ��82 20
\ ,82� � D 1 9�2+ .�����/��2 ��0 18
2 ,��� ��82/��2 9�2+ .�����
� ,82� � D 1 9�2+ .�����/�K= 10
� , 8� 1 9�2+ .����� 3
2 ,:!+�� � =��� .����� 10
3 � =��� .�����/9�2+ .����� 3,5
)1 (F � D �%��5 �� ,��= $���5 ��A ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� 4K=� M)� ,�-�� $���8�� �� �% )� G�����)��$�� ����8�� (, $���5�� , ����� ,: H� ���:�� ��8-)� �*� �#� T��8-�� ����� ����5 ��+ �) &$���55 ( ���:�� ����� ����5�) &$���23 ( "5� ����8�� ��+�10F
03 ) &$���11.( G����� ��# �K8� 3 � ,����� "����� &���K2 , ��:�� &�!��)� , -���� "5� "����� �� �% )� G�����97F490 .
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
265
� � D, 8� 1 9�2+ .�����/ ��0 10
2 , 8��� � D ����*� .����� 11
�� 6D���� , ����� , ��:�� &�!���� �� �� ��� 6��� �!���� �)���>� ��� � @��=�� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ��A 6)� ����A� ���5� ?;�!��� � ,���2� �� �!����� ��� $8� ��=� � �$- T��� T$��� " �8���
, $��� ,�8�� �K�� ��K��*� 1� 1��� �� � )� ?$�� � � 2=��, ����� &�!���� '�K�0 4 � �� � 45���)1(. ,82�� ��A ? 8���� �%��� ��I�
���0 ��$��� �� G����� "�+�N� ,;������ �� �;���� � $�� "�8 ) ������ ��� $�:�� �K��N�M��2 G =�� � ���2 , �� �H �� $L��� ��+ �0 �)�4 � �%�0
6)��� >�$ A � ���� ��+��� $�- �� ?�:� &$� ��+� �2�- 3 �� ��25 ,2�!2.
�K��N� ������ ��� $�� 4 ������ ���$ �)� 4 5���� �%� � �!��)� �+ �A $�5 �,��$�� M�0 &��$A ��A )�� ��� � �, ��:�� "��2 $ $� �� �� $8� $�$�
?2���� �)�*� $8-�� �� $ $��� $8-�� ��# �� � �>� ��� � @��=�� �!����. �0 62�2 6)��� �)� ,8����� "$� ,��� ���� �8� ,;����� ��+ -���� ,����� ,
���0 ��$��� �� &$$���� � =*� ��# ��+ �0 6� � V���� ���82 ��-�� g)2 ��2L2�.
�8� 8�� @�����
� #� � & E �8-) 2 ��-� � &��:
�K��*� 4 �� 0$2� �8 2�� , ��:�� "$�� �%� ���� �!+0 6���+�2 >���� 1� &$��� ,-�5 � , ��� &�!�� � +�� $%2 �� �� ?� �� ?�:� � �0 �)�
)1(F�H�� : � �+), +�(� G �?2�� 4��170.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
266
�%����10 , -���� ,����� �-K0 , ��:�� &�!��)�� $$��� &$��� �� &03 � "�����97F490 � " )5� , ��:�� .��!���� , �2 � ��� ��A ��� , )� �#�
� - ����� � D� ��!���� ,)2�5� ,��� , ��� .� +) '���A ? �� ��,-�8�� �� 62�2 �%��(��� 6-� ���� , ��:�� �K��*� 4 �� ������2�� .4�8��)1(.
��"���� @�����
��@� 8�� �� ���� ? �" � =+ � &
&$��� .��2 "5� T� :���� "�����2 ?�)�� ������� ������ ���$ � 10F326� '��2 �0 ,; %� �+2 "� 8�� �� �!���� ?� �)�� ��(���� � ���K ���
, ��:�� �K��N� �K�*�� ,%� � � -���� ,; %��� � ���5 "����� ���A ��� $-2� ,%� � , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� � G =�� �I� �� �9�=0 .�'��2��
&$- �0 �� %��)� &$- ��+� $5 �#$ �� 4����� ������ ��)+ ��� �+�)� �0 6�
)1 (– .��� 3 � �, 2�(�� ,+)�� $�� , ��:�� �K��*� 4 �� ��� �� , 2�-�� 6������ � 2 � ,�� �� , ��:�� �K��N� "K , )�1962 � %H ��= �30 � ��1962 � %H2 �$-��25 � ��
1969 V-22 �%K-2 , ��:�� �K��*� "K �# , )-�� � $%���� M�0 �%� ��+��� �%2 ��� &$��A�"H�� �+�2 �%- ���� �%)+ #� �%)+� 3 � � ,���� &� 2+ 4�5 �)� , ��� &$��� - �%��
� ��8� ��(��� �%��(��� , )�� 0� &$ $� ?��2,! $� 6 ���. � �% �A .�� ����� ���� � %�� ��+��#� D� �� )� ���. $-2 �%��� "�� ,) �� � �� , )-�� .5�(��� $5�. , )� , 2�(�� ,+)�� �� �+�
G��=)� ,-2���� �K��*� <� 4 ���� �0 "K��� , )-��2 , �- K�0 ��+� M�� �+ �)� 4� 3 �� %��(2 �%���� � ( �0��2C �:� �0 �% )� .� ��2 $ ��2 �0 �...���. ��$2 �0 V�-2 ,)�- �+ ��2� �+
"K�� ,8�� �� ,-5���� �K��*� �� �;���� �0 �)+�� �)=��� �%��K� V��. 3 � �� ����:�� 90�� ����$ <�+�� , +)�� ?�2 ���� ����8�� ��#.
)�H�� : � ��)�� �( �K��*� �H :�� �.��+�A � �����8��� $���5�� , 2�(�� ,)��� �"K)� ,-K�=��> 2 �2� $2000 G �107(.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
267
G����� < �8)� 4K=� M����� T������ ���8�� �� �% )��� ������ � 2,��: ����+�� �� ]�X�� 13 �2�2�1992� �K��*� �)� ,82���� '��2�� ?�8�2 ?)-�
���� @��=?� .� $)2)� , ���-��)1(.
@������� ���
�#� �#�� �� �#-0� � &��
&$�)� �8 2��53 �)� G� ���� ���:�� ����� ����5 � :» ��� �0 �+ ��� ��� , ��� .� ���-� ��� $8� 6��2 �� ��:�� ���!����"%����� .«.
� &$��� .��28 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 �)� :» � �!���� �+ �%2 ��-�� " H����� 4 ���)� �82� , ��� , ���-� � +�� �� ��� 6���0«.
"5� "����� L�- �96F459 �� ]�X��18 �2� $1996 , ���-���, ��:��)2( �G�=�0 ,+�� �%�0 �)� , �$. �#� +��� � >���� 2 H:��� T���
&$��� ��=54 ���:�� ����� ����5 ������ �)� G�� :» , ��:�� , ���-��� �2�-�12��� ? 8�� ��A $%� � , �$ ,+�� ��%;�K�* "�K��� , �� �)� <�X� ����« �
)1 (–�H�� : ,��� �� @1992� >86. )2 (F &��!�� ?�! ��$� 68� �,��$�� 2 .���� T���� �+������ "�H���2 , ���-��� 1)�� �2��
:)� , ���8 $ ,+�� �%�0 �)� , ���-��� L�� 3 � �, ������V�*� ,$= � ��� - � ��� � �� . �+,����)� ,: !+�� , ���� ���A �� &� (��� >����� e$� ,������ , +����� 4 ���� 6�)�0 �%�0 . M���
�%$= �� V�*� 0$2 �)� �$���� . "5� "����� 6��2 , ��:�� .� ���-��� " H�� "��72F106 �� ]�X��27 � �� 1972 ) � @ ��� ,1972 �> 51 ( ���:�� ���-�)� ����*� ����8�� $$� T���
� ���8 $ �%��� � � , �� �+2 .���� ��� ��2�$� ������ �%��X �0 �)� � ���*� &$��� .���,�� �$#*� . "5� T� :���� "����� ��$�2�96F459 �� ]�X��18 �2� $1996 ) � @� ,��
1996 �> 81 (�+ �(�0 T��� ��-:�� T��� ��� �� �, ��:�� .� ���-���2 ,8)-��� ,82���� G�����.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
268
, ���-��� $%����)1( �� <:� 6��G�� �0 @����� .� )� � %�� �0 ����A � �����? ����� �0 '����� �0� � .�$=��� .������� V-2� 4 2�� �-�� ,:)+�� �-� V :=�
�%;�K�0 &$;�:�� ��+� ���� M)�� �%;�K�* �#���� ���� .������ , ��� � ����%����� .
�� �#<: &$��� �� &����� �$#*�07 "5� T� :���� "����� �96F459. �:�� .� ���-��� �=7���+�0 &$� , ��)2( &$�)� �8 2�� ��� $8� 6��2 �%- � 7���14 "����� �96F459 &$����28 "5� T� :���� "����� �10F326 ��+�
&$���53 ����� ����5 � "5� ���:��08F16. 6��� �!���� ��� 3 �$����� ,��� < ;� ��A ,���� ?;�!���2 �8�� 2)� �� ���� $L��� �% )� � -� ����
�H �� 6)��� �)�15 �� .
���� � � ��� M��#��$����� , ��)� $����� ,���� , ���-��� .��+ ��A, ���� $�$� , )5�� �%��;�$ 9$-�� � , ��:��. , ����� $����� ,����� .��+ ��A
$�$� , )5�� �%��;�$ 9$-�� , ��:�� .� ���-���, ����. ���*� ,����� ��� 1� ,����� �� �0 �,��)�� ,8��� $-2 ,��:�� � �� � V �:� �)� '��2 $����� ������
)1 (F , ������ , �� � �$#0 �%� .��+ �;����� �� &� ��* , ��:�� .� ���-��� .�%H �$��, $���5��� , ������ &��!�� � � $ :���� � �7�� $ ��� �� �!�� , �� ��� �$#*��� ��(�� ,��=
�:��������� >��8�� �� ,��$�� �=$� , ��+A � �-�� T���! �+�2 � 2���� � �� @����� .�5�� � (��e%��� , +����� 12��� ., $���5�� .�$�2��� .�5�-�� , �� �� G=)��� , $���5�� �$#*� �0�
T��� �� �� , ������ .����8�� �+ e$ ��= � ������� ��+��� ? 8���<����� �$#*� �0"#��0� .� ���-��� '�K�0 h��� .�5�0� , ����� &� ��� " H�� �� �!��� , ������� ���� � ����
, *� ��� � �+��� 9���� "%�� -. )�H�� : ?�$�)��( G �?2�� 4�� �50 �51(. )2 (F, ��:�� .� ���-��� ��+�0 � : ,��=��� .�$=)� , ��� � ���-� .�$= " $8� ��A $%�
M����� <��0 �)� "�8�� M����� ��(���� , ��:�� .� ���-��� � @����� ���-2 � ����+ ,��=� @����� �;��� �� �% ��=�) &$���4 "5� "����� �90F459.(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
269
$����� 1� � , ��!��� � �� �,��)�� ,8��� $-2 ,��:��� ������ ���5 ��+ 3 � �-�)� �2�5 � ,��:�� � �� "�0)1(.,��:�� � �� ���5 �0 -� � � .�%��� "�0 �
,��=�� , ;�K8��)2(.
?�8��� ��A �K �+ �� V �-��� �� �� ��� 6��� �!���� ?� ,$8��� ���A �� ,��$�� �%�� .����� ����� , ��:�� &�!����2 ,)���� , ����� M�*�
"5� " $8�� ����8��87 F19 )3(� � ,��� �� ,��$�� �%-����� 3 � �� $ :��)� $8� '�%���� ��� �0 �=�� �0 ,��� �� � ,�-�� ,-:��� V��D* 5�8� � �!���� $ ���
,��$�� ��� .����� 4 � �� �%8��� �)� 48 ������� V �-�� �!��)� �+ , ;�K8�� .�%��� "�0 � 5 �� �-���. "��2A �� ?��� �!��)� >���� ���0 �+
G�=�0 4 ,+��� $8� , �;��� , ��� � � ��- �0 � - 2�F T��� ����� �)�?2���� 3�2�� �� ���L 2F.
�� 8�� 2�6 ��
A" ���C� ?���� � #� �� ��< E< �"��� �� B ������
� $���� �� >���� LG�22 ��A25 "5� ����8�� �10F03 &$��� ���03 "�����2 ?�)�� ������� ������ ���$ � "5� T� :����10F326 �)� <:�
"5� ����8��2 ,K��:�� .�������87F19 �()��� 9���*� 4�$2 "������ '��!���2
)1 ( F &$���18 �� ]�X�� ���8�� �10F05F1997 � � $����33 �35 :���� "����� � "5� T�
96F459 �� ]�X��18 �2� $1996. )2 (F�:� 4����. )3 (F &$��� G��07 "5� ����8�� �87F19 �()��» 4 � M��� ?� � ��:�� � ���)� ,��$�� 1��
��+� ���� �2�82 , +)�� �� ?��� ��# �� ������� "� � �V�*� �$�� &�!���� ,�� ,��+�� .�+)������ ���)� �+) �%� �+� $-2 .������ �25 � ,88��� .�+)�«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
270
" $8�� ����8�� �� �$��� �+ "� T���";�$�� >�:���� ?� � $ :���� .������ �K� �� 2 ��7 � �+)��%� /���� .( &$��� .�� �+28 "5� ����8�� �10F03 L�0 �)�
"� T��� �*� �&��$J� &$�:��� &$����2 $8-�� ��� �# �������2 �!���� ��=A '���,82���� , ������ � ���8�� �� �$��� �+ �)/���� �� 8��.(
��%� /����
� #� �� 2 � � 8�� �� B �����
"H- �0 "D� "5� ����8�� �% )� G� ���� .�������10F03 .��+ ,K��: "5� ����8��287F19 , �*� ��H�� 4 8 2�� ���� � =*� ��# �0 d�A ��()��
$�2�� �%2 .� ���� ,2-���)'�$���� , ��-�� ( .������ .L� ���� �K�:���, )���� , ��:�� .��!��)� �d)+ ��#A 2� ��A 9$0 �� 2�5��� .��$0 � -:� "$��, �% )�. M��2 .K�-�� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�� .�+�%���
,=���+�%5�� '��2�� 0� ���2�� � ��� ��� � � ��+� "5� ����8��87F19 �# �� '�(��� "5� ���:�� �� ��� ����82 ��$2���10F03. �!���� .������ �!���
�� �� ��� 6��� 9���*� 4�$)�� @���%�*��(� &���2 , ��:�� &�!���� &��$A� � �=��)��@��� ���#� 8( �� ��-���� �K��N� , ��:�� ,%���� �)� ,H�����
, ��� V��D* , ����� M�*�)�8� 8�� @�����.(
*��%� @�����
'� �%� >�
"5� ����8�� ��+ ��A87F19 .������� � 2 � 9���*� �2�- � �()��
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
271
K��:��� $ :���� �)� ,)1(� ����8�� �I� "5�10F03 M��+ �#�2���. �� .�$� $5� "5� , ������ , )-��� $$��� ��#3085 �� ,=�X��11F04F2011 , � $�� ��
, ����� M�N� ,�-��� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1�2 ,8)-�����-��� 3 �� ��� �2� "$� �)� .�� �� ��� $8�� ?2��� $ $����2 ,2�����2
";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� ,2����� 9���*� .��=X� )2( . �82� .5��� <:� �� �+�.�8����� ��%2 ,� $ , ��:�� &�!����� � &$$��� .� : +)� �-K�= �#$ $�� ��+ �
, ���� &���� �� 6��2 "5� , )-���09361 �� ,=�X��30F08F2009. $-2 �2��+ 6)� " $8�K� ��:�� $���� �;���� "�-�� � *� �� � )� ��X� ��
, ��:�� ,��(�� < ;� �� � ��+�� �%�� $ $ $��2 , ��:�� &�!���� 2��2 $%-��$ $���� ��$� �� $$��� ��*� ��. 3 �2 T���� g��22 ,��$ .��!���� .��+ ��A
�� �8� �0100.000 $ $���� ��+ @$ � ��� .� g��22 ,��$�� .��!��)� ,2����2
)1 (F "5� ���8�� �$+X � ��#�020195 �� ]�X��15F01F2005 » �25 � 9���*� $ $�� "$� �A "5� T� :���� "����� �0� T��$�� $8-�� ��� ��A T$X � , ��:�� &�!����90F51 �� ]�X��06 F
04F1990 )� $$� .2�! � $ �� &��2� 9���*� �0� $8-�� ��� �%�� 6��� ���� .����� ����� � 2� ������5 ,��=�� , �2��� ?����2 �%) ��� �� ?��� ,� �=)��« .
)�H�� : ,)�> �,��$�� <)�08 �2006 G �217( . )2 ( F&$��� .��06 "5� ����8�� �87F19 � 1� �)� 4�$ , (2 &$ #� 9���0 �2�8 ";�$�� >�:���� ?
%) ��� �0 ����� "�� �+ , �%� �� $$��� V�*� ,$= ��A � $ :����� �%� �=��� �82� ��+ �, ���� � ���8� . �%� '�� .$$� ���� M��#� �"�H���2 �%�� $ .$$� , ��� .��!�� .$�� � )��
� 0$2 �� �� $ T0 $$�� "� 9�=0� �����5 '���A T0 �=�� "� ,��$�� M�0 &��$A �I� ��# �+ 4� �, )-�g��2�� ��# $ $�� �)� "#��2�� "#$K� ��A 9$0 �"+��� �� $��� $ $���� �� ��-�� ������2�. �0 �)�
"5� ����8��91F28 �� ]�X��18F12F1991 ) ,��� � @1991 �> 65(� ,��� , ���� ����5 �K���1992 ��� �� ?��� ,��$�� M�0 T� $� ���0 $5 ��J� �82� , �2��� ?����2 ,8����� g��2�� '�:'� .�
, �2��� � ��� �� ,-2���. "5� , ������ , )-��� �0 �+10488 M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� �� &�$�������� '�K�0 $K , ;�K5 9���$ 4��2 ,��$�� M�0 T� $ .��0 �, ����� ��$$� "� � ��� , ��:�� .��!
��(���� 9���0. "5� , )-��� ��$�2�68F050 � ���2 &�$����13 T�2014 9���72 �� �-�� ��� , ;�%��� , ����� , �D ��A � � ��� � ����0 $ $��2 ���) �";�$�� >�:���� ?�) "5� ?�)��11(
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
272
?�:�100.000 0 �8�� @$ T���� �500.000 ���50 ��0 1�2 $ $���� ��+ @$&$��� ,��.
� "5� ����8)� �8 2�� 9���*� 4�$2 ?)-� � �10F03 &$��� �%�$$� $8)�41 � "5� �*�10F01)1( �� ]�X��26 .�D2010 �) +��� , ���� ����5 �K���
,���2010 ��B� ����� �)�:
�#���� B #� - C� B�H &6 � �� ]�" ��
�#�� �#�� �#M
) 15000 @ $ 3.000 @$
2 10.000 @$ 2.000 @$
\ 5000 @$ 1000 @$
� 800 @ $
�,�$�- 9���*� g��2 �0 ���0 ��$��� � H�� � :�� ��A $%� �)� U�:�� � V�*� �� �-��� ���� $5 >���� �0 M� �� , - 2��� ���=��) � �:�
�&$��2 (.... , ���� 2���).��C �V��0 �.���� (..@����� �)� �!X� $5 ����.
"5� T� :���� "����� ��$� $-2�12F124 �� ]�X��19 <��2012)2(�
��:�� .� ��+�� .�� ?����� $ $�� "� �9���*� 6���� <��7+ �% )� $�- ���� �, ,8���� �2����)0 ( �, )����� 2�� , )����� ?����� �� ,-5���� ��%��� �K��0 "K�
?�:� ���0 .� + � $ :��� �����600 �% ���� �0 ") . ,8�����)6 ( "K� � � � U����� ���0 .� + � $ :��� ���� ��%��� �K��0450� ")600 �")
,8�����)R� ( � 2 � U����� ���0 .� + � $ :��� ���� ���%��� �K��0 "K�
)1 (– �� @ ,���2010 �>78. )2(F &�$�� � @ � ���225 <��2012 �> 17.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
273
350� ")450") .,8���� �0 )$ ( ,-5���� M)� �% � �2 �, ��:�� �K��*� "K�� �� �8� ���0 .� + � $ :��� ����� �, )2��� ?�����2350") . <:� 6���
� M)� �# ��%��� �K��0 �I� "����� ,2�� �� �#��$��� �8 ���12,5%.
� $ �%�0� , ;�� ,��� ��A �K��*� ��� , )� ��� "����� ��= $5� � $ �, ;��� $����� � $ �,��$�� M�0 � $ � �+ "K�� �, ��:�� 1�����
)! � �0 �;���� �2-��� <)��� < ;�� �, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� . $-2�� 6��� ��A g)2 T��� ��K��*� ��� ��8 �%� ;� $- ��%��(�0 � ,��)�� '�%��
,��� 9$� ")H� >�K� ��+� �0 ����� .���8� �+ 3 � ���-�� �� ���, ����2 )+�� � ���� � ���82 �%)�� �%�) +�� $$�� �, ���.
,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 ��$�2�2011�� 6��2� � &$�09 ���� �� &$��� .�41 ,��� �) +��� , ���� ����5 �20102 �)� .�H :=� ? 2�� "� �� g�
, ����� 9���*�� ������� , 2��� &$ $��� , ��:�� .��!��)� �� ��� $�8-2 ,8)-��� "5� M����� T������ ������2 , �-��108 �� ]�X��23 T�: �2011 . �2�-��
A ��A 4�$��2 ���0 ���2 M��� �9���*� � ��� ����� ���� ,; %�� ,��$�� M�0 &��$ � $���� 6��� �� ��� 6���06 ��A8 "5� "����� �12F124 �� ]�X��
19 <��2012�� ��� $8� 4 5�� � ��� � '�$�2� ��+ � ����� �I� �.
"5� , )-��� ��$�2�68F050 ���2 &�$���� � 13 T�2014 ,8)-��� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� ?� ����-2 ,8����� 9���*� � ���2 ,�� $-2 �� ��� $�8� �)� ��)����� �� ��:�� ���!���� ��� �,��$)� ,��=��
2014 , ;�%��� , ����� , �D ��A ��5*� �)� � � ��� � ����0 4�$2 ���))1(.
��0 �+���2 � $��,K��:�� 9���*� �� ,)(���� , ��:�� �K��*� G=�� �8�
)1 ( _ "5� ?�)�� �H��11.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
274
,)���� , ����� M�*� ��$ �%2. ����8�� ���A �� ,��$�� �%�� .����� &� =*� ��%� "5�87F19 ��� �2�82 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � � $ :��)�� $8� '�%��� ,��� �� �+�
=�� �0 �� ���� �# 4����� �$�� V �-� �2�8 ,��$�� �� � M�*� � ���� 6��� ��A �%������� ��� ��� ?�0 �)� � 9���*� 4�$ "$� �� � ���
� � ����� �� 6��� .�������2 ��=A �2�- $8-�� ���)1( .
�#� 8�� @�����
� @���+ #��0� @�0 " �#���� @� 8�� �
�2�� ��(����2 "������ �0�$� , ��:�� V�*� ,-�8� ��� ����� ����5T��8-�� "5�90F25� &$��� G�� 3 �48 �)� , ��!�� �%��8� �� �» �+�
�0 , ��8� , � � ?�8� M�� �+ �)� �2��� ���2�� � D �0 ���2��� �)-:�� ��!������� M�� &�� � <�� T��- �0 �- 2� G=� �+ �)�� �#�;��«. $5�� .82
� �+ �� �2�- �� ��� 6��� �!���� �0 ��A &������ �� .5��� .�� �� ��, ��:�� &�!����� , �$ ,+�� �#��2���2. ���8 "5� ����10F03 �-��2 �)
&�!���� ��(�0 �� ��=���� ���2��� &$��� .�� 3 �22 $ $�� �)� � 2 , 5�:�� 6��2 '�K�*��"%F,�) � D � ()�F ?�� ��(�0 �� "%� �+ ,+���
, ��:�� &�!����.
�� )�=� ,��= "�+�72 , ��:�� &�!���� G= >���� �0 "L$8� � "%: , �$�� ,+���� "�+�0M�� � �0 &$���416 ��$�� ����8�� � �K8� �T�;����� �72
� �� �0 �� &��� �� ��+� M �� �+ ?�� � ,$8�� ,�����- �%2 < �.
)1(F�H�� : � �$���28 �29 ����8�� �10F03.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
275
�8� 8�� @�����
�� �$��!� �#���� �A���� *�< �� 5��Q% �#6��� �� %� � �����
����� 6 0�� " ��� B�H.
�%�2��= � G8� , ��:�� �K��N� ���8-�� � D ��(���� �A� ��A T$X ��2�#� �� %� $� $� -K ������2�� , ������ �%���$5� .�5 G� M��� ����� ���
"5� ���:��08F16 &$� ��14 �)� :» �+ ����8�� ��# "�+�0 6��2 4� , ��� ,%�� .�� �0 , ��� V�7+ ,:�� V�* ���� � D ��-���«. �+ 4�
�!���� ���2 ��-��� �!���� �)�& �#� �7� �0 � .��= � � (�.
� "��A &���K "������ ��# ���A �� �=$ �, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� , ��:�� &�!��)� T$�-�� � ��� �)� �!X $5 3$� �+2 '�K�*� $�0 &���+� ���
������ �!���� ,�� ��(��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $)� ���� � � � ��A "5� ����8�� �� �% )� G����� ������ � ������ ��=C �!�� ��A �%��10F03.
� /������ 8�
B ����� " ���C� ?���
&$��� .��29 ����8�� �10F03 � &$����08 ������� ������ ���$ � "5� T� :���� "�����2 ?�)��10F326 ��� �!��� .������2 ��=�� ��� �)�
&$��� ,�� &$ ,) � ,����� �K��*� ��(��� "$�� � , ��:�� ,%���� � (�N�� �,����� , ����� M�*�� �K�� � ,�=� ��$2 �K��*� �)� '��2��
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��� � M�*�� , ��:�� �K��N� ���2�� � � �7���, ������ �� �! � D � ����A $-2� � � ���� � ��� $-2 9����� 4�$ "$� �
���� .�5�:��2 1 ����� "$�� 6��+�� 1 ������ ��� ��� ?� �� ������� �0 ,+�
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
276
, �=���� &���2�� &��$�� 6� D� &�!��)� .�) � �� , ����8�� ,- 2��� $�� 8��������2 ��=A �� �!���� , ��X�� )�� @���%�*��( ��8�� '����� ��A ?���� "!
.�������2 ��=�� ,� ��)�� @������#� 8.(
*��%� @�����
��6#"4� ���� " �� �� � 8�� �� �#��R� � �#��� ��� ��
&$��� G��28 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� :» � ��=A �+ �)� 6��� �- ��������2 �� ��� 6��� �!���� � �����A ����8)� �82� �;�K5 �K� �
������ ���$� ����8�� "�+�* �!� ��� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ��������. '�K8�� $-2 �� ��� 6��� �!���� ��!�� "$� ,��� ��� , $5�-���
�����5 g)2�� ������ �� ��+��� ��*�� � ���=A $-2 , ����� M�*� &��$A "�8�, ��$�� ?����2 �� ��� $8� ��:2 , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��«. )� '��2�
�!���� , ��X� �I� 9$�I2 ��=�� �� ,���� T$5�-� 42�� .�� �� ��� 6���, $8-�� .��������� ������� ������ ���$ ��� �� ��� $8� �� �% )� G������
$8-�� � 0��� � �'�� $- T���.
,2����2 �!� , ;����� , ��X��� "� 5 ��A �%2 ��=�� T$X .������ ,! �+�:�� ,%���� � (�� &$��� G�� , ��:�� �K��N� , ��87 "5� ����8�� �08F16
�)� ���:�� ����� �K��� :» � <2���2 65�- 1 ��A ,��5 ,��(2� .���� �100.000@$ ��A500.000@$ ,:�� V�* ���:�� 42���� � ( � �+
&$��� "�+�* ���= , ��� ,%�� .�� �0 , ���4 ����8�� ��# �«. ��- � �0, ��:�� �K��*� G �=� "�����2 "������� ����8�� ��$� < �03F10� �2 �8�
"5� ����8�� �� �K 0 ��$� $� 08F16� �� G� T���� ���:�� ����� �K���
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
277
&$���14 � :»6��2 4� V�* ���� � D ��-��� �+ ����8�� ��# "�+�0.�� �0 , ��� V�7+ ,:�� , ��� ,%��«.
�#� 8�� @�����
� #� �� ���� (���C� Z����
"5� ����8�� �50 $8�10F03 &$��� 6��228 $8-� T��$�� ��:�� �%� � )� ,K��:�� .�������2 �!���� ��=� � �= '���+ �� ��� G���
&$��� � ,!��!�� &�8:��28 "5� ����8�� �10F03 �)� :»�� ��+ � $8� � ��� "�0 �-�)� �2�5 �� ���%�'�$�2� � �%� ��0 �� ,��=�� , ;�K8�� .� �
, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� � $8-�� ��# ��� g )2� � ���«. 3 � >����� ,2����� .������� "5� ����8�� ? 2�� �10F03F ��� '�K8�� � 2
T��$�� '�K8��� T$�-��. T$�-�� '�K8��� &�!���� �0 "+�2 ���= �:� $�, �$ ,+�� , ��:��)1(. �=$� $5� &� =*� ��# � (�� 4 .����� ��)2( 4 �0
)1 (F &$��� G��513 �)� T�;����� , ��$��� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 � :» �� T��8-�� "�8�� �H� *� G��=2 � (�� 4 �0 � ��:�� � )(���� � 2 7��� ���� .������� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��
�%��(���� �%)(�� , �����«. &$��� G���514 ����8�� <:� � :» �!+0 �0 �K� �� � ,$8�� T���$�� �� T��8-�� "�8�� �H�
, ����8�� .������� ?�= 62�2 ,����� M)� � �!+0 �0 �K� $K R�, ��:�� ,����� '�K�0 �, 5�:����«. �+"5� ����8�� ���010F03 .����� 6)D0 �-� � ��$�� ����8�� "�+�0 ��A &$ $� .�� ��
T$�-�� '�K8�� G���=� � , ��:�� .��!����. )2 (F �%22� ��+ ���� .������� �0 , ��:�� &�!��)� T��8-�� '����� �)� T$-��� .����� �!
$�8� �� ,;����� , $5�-��� .������� �� (�� 4 �%��2I2 , ��:�� &�!��)� >���� 1� ���� ,+����� $%2 �! ������ ��A ,� �� �% )� 45���� ��K�� �2�� 9��$ , ��:�� &�!���� 4��� $5 �+
V �-��� �)� ������.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
278
�%;�K�0)1(.
�:� T��$�� '�K8�� $� �+ ���=��2 T��$�� ���8�� '�(�I2 ,8)-��� 9���$,��$�� M�0 � $ �� �$����� �=A ,� �� �� ��� $8� ��� �K��� �!���� �
������2 �� ��� 6��� )� ,K��:�� .� . �� � �!���� ��# ����A "� 3 �, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��� "5� ����8�� "�+�* �!� ���10F03 ���$��
, $5�-��� .�������� ������ .
� �( )2� �!��)� g)2�� ������ �� ��+��� ��*� '�K8�� $-2� ��!�� ��$ � �2��� �� , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� � ���=A $-2 ,��$�� M�0 &��$A "�8�
�� ��� $8� ��:2. ��0 �� �-� �0 ��:�� ���82 ��-)� �+ ,����� ��# ���$8-�� ��# ��� � ��� � '�$�2� � �%�.
2� � ��� � � �%�2 �-��� $�- $$� >���� �0 H���� � ��:�� ���5 g ),�-�� $���8)� ���= ���-�� ��A , ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ��)2(. �N��
��� "D� &$� "5� ����8�� ��$� �)� .����10F03 � � !+�� ���� � �I� ��� ��� $�8� �)� $-2 ����� "� , ��:�� .��!���� . T0 �)� �!-� "� ������2�
���8� @����� ��� $8� ��� �K� T��$A.
)1 (F &$��� .��+ ��A22 "5� ����8�� �10F03 "%� 2 � � , 5�:�� 4 5��2 '�K�*� "�)�F ,�) � D� ()�F� =�$�� 4 ���� &�!���� ��(�0 �� "%� �+ ,+��� ,8 �� $$��...��� . �8 2�� , 5�:��� ��# �I� &$�)�106 � $5�-��� ,- �� 12�� ��$�� ����8�� �� ���2��I� �����A .������� � �!���� ����
, $8-�� , ��X��� ,%��� �� "�8� �%�� ,2�����. )2 (– &$��� G��829 �)� T�;����� , ��$��� , �$�� .�'����� ����5 � :» "�0 �-��� ��0 $$�
���8�� � ,=��2 ��=��� g )2��� � ��� � T�� ��%�0 ,-2�72 , ��$�� ,+��� � �0 T$�:�� T��$��� H���� �0 ������ T��$�� ���8�� ��� � ���«.
<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]<h^fÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]êÞ^nÖ]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]êÞ^nÖ]<Ø’ËÖ]<V<V<V<V<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi<‡^éjÚ÷]<‚ÏÂ<„éËßi
279
�� 8�� 2 "�� ����
�$2��� ����:�� >��8��2 V�%��� �� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ��� $-2 ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� 1� $ $� ����82 >����
M�*� � �� �� $ ��� ��A M��2 ���� ��� �� $8� 6��2 ,-2���� ,��=������� ��A � ���)� ,����� ?�8��� , )2�5 "$� �$�: ��# �'$2 ���+� �,��$)�.
?� �� �� !+ �� ��� ?� )�= ��>�:���� � � � �8� ��+ 3 � � �";�$�� &$� 1� ��� �+� �� ��8�40 &$2X ,:�2 1� ��+ �0 $-2 $ $��)� ,)2�5 ,�� . �+
��8�� 1� ?��� ��# ��8�A ,�)� &��$J� $ $��� ��–$8-�� ��� F ��=A ,��� �� � � ����� �� �K8�� � >���� ��# "�� �8! $-2 � )� ,K��:�� .�������2 �!���� �)� �2)� �!X � ���# ��� ��A �% � ��: "�� '�K8�� "�0 �8��� �%� � !+�� ���
�)�� , ��:�� &�!���� ����>��8�� , $�$�.
�&�!���� ���� � ��� ��0 � ,+��� $8� "��2I2 1� $5 >���� ��+ ��A���2 �+�� L�82 �+�� &$;���� ��$�� &�2= ��A >��8�� ,��� "D� �, �;����� , �����
����� ��# �� . , ��+ �+� "� $ $��� ����8�� ? 2�� �)� .���� 42� ��� L�*� , )� � '�%���� 5� ,��- ��� ��� "� ��� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���
� ���� �#� �";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��K2 � ��:)� V��8�� 1� ,�7� � M��2��$ $��)� ��K+ , +)�� ?�2 �A ��-�.
í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
281
.5� ,;�5 .��+ ���� , ��:�� .��!���� ���8��� �)� �H�:� "5� ����8�� ��$�10/03 �0 , ��� , ��� &�!�� �� �K� �+� ���:�� �� ��� $8� >���� 1� $8� �
"5� ����8�� "�+�0 � $�:��� �, $��87/19 ,K��:�� �������2 ��� $5 ��+ �0 ,� �� �8-�� ,H�����2 �%� ��� $�� �)� ��;�� ��+ �0� �� =*� ����8�� �H �� )� �0 , ��
������ � ���5 . ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� '���I2 � �- ,����� ��# �� �!���� ��+ 3 � "5� ����8�� �#$$� ���0� .�'���A ���A �� ��� ��� ?� ��A10/03 T� :���� "������
"5� �10/326 .
��:�� �K��0 �)� �� ��� $8� �K 0 >���� 1� '��!���� 6�2 �� �� &������ , , ����� T�;��� �- 2� G=� �+� �.���� ��� , 2��� ,��:)� $ $� .��!�� '���A ���A
�# �0 ��- � �9�2+�� � ����� &��!� T$�- M�)� � < ��� � � �!���� � ,;:�� $8� �)� ��)�� 3 � ��� ��� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� '���� ��-K=
���&� ��* ���:�� ��.
$8�� .��!���� '�K�0 ��A �� ��� $8� � &$�:���� �� , ��*� >���� 1� "5� ����8�� �H �� ,;�8�� , ��:��87/19 –�()��F �,; �� .����5 �)� � �;�����
";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��0 "% �A �8�� "� '�X# �0 "D� .2� ,�=� $�� �;���� ���8��� 1 T��� T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A ��H��� �� �, ��:�� &�!���� �� ��(���� &���2 $ :��)�
"% �A T��8-�� �� -�� ?��� ��8��� ��+� &�!��)� �����8�� $����� ��%� �)� 5�� . +�"� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� ��+ ��A ��� �A ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� '���� ��-K=
��0 "% �A �8��
� ,H����� �� &�%� , �� $�8� 6��2 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � � $:���� �0 "D� ����8�� �� >���� �0 �A ���K� T�5 �+� �� , ����8�� , ����� � ��$- �, ��8-��
"5�10/03 "����� "$� ,��� �� ������� � ���5 6��2 "%5�8� ��8�A , ��+A �)� G��A� ����� .�'�� . ,��� �� �&$�:��� �%�$��I2 $8-�� ��� �� &��$�� ?� �)� G� �+
í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
282
,2��+�� ?�8��� "����� 0$2� �5�= $- � � )� ,K��:�� ��������2 $ :���� ��=A. '�K8�� "�0 $8-�� ��� ���5 �� �-��� �!��)� �+ &� =*� ,����� �� ��+ �A�� ��=
� � � �%���:�� ���5 g )2.
2 ?)-� � �� "5� ����8�� �% )� G� ���� ,;�����10/03 �+� U���� ��= � � >� ��� � @��=�� �� 6D� �!��), ��� , ��� &�!��( , ��� &�!�� � +��� �
�� �-�� V�� T��� �T�;����� U�:)� , $�:�� ,����� &� ��� � ,���� �� �, $��� �+� 4 V5��� �0 �+ �, ��:�� .��!���� . ��� ��A T$X � �*� ��# �I� ����
��� ����8�� )� G� T��� 4 ���� 0$2� , H�� G���2 >���� �=$� ��$�� �V5����� ��# 4���.
� ����8�� ���A �� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� �� !+ )�=� &$ $� "�+�72 >���� .7 "�" $8�� "5� $ $��� ����8�� ��= � >���� )-� � �+� �10/03 .� ���� �� � (� �#
�;��=2 �H:�� �� ��� ?� , �� >�:���� ?� �)� ?)�0 3 �) ������ �������� ��8����#��� ( ��+ �0 $-2 ,�� � -2�0 &$� .5X $8-�� �-� �# �����8�� ��# �� $ $��� �+�
$J� ���0 �+ ��$2X%��$��I2 $8-�� ��� ,�)� &��� '�K8�� ��A '��)�� ��$ &$�:��� . ��#�� ��:�� � �!���� .���K � )8�� ,�)��� ��-��� �� �-��� �� e�� $5 �*�.
�2�- ���� A $ $��� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� $8�� $*� � ��� , � � �5�8� 6�� �� ��$� $� � �, ��8�"�� ��� A�� � :� " �����:�� �: ��� ����8�� �� )� G�����
�% � ���! ���0� ��$����� �?��-�� ����2� �� ��� �2 �! 9�=0 ��$ 2 .�=0 T���� . �+ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��0 �)� ?2���� �, ���� ,- ���� � ������� �+��� $8� 2�
&$�� 3 � � �� )�= �+� �K 0 �;����� ��.
����8�� ��# U��� �0 ��8�� �+ �) "5�10/03 ( 5�� ���:�� >��8��2 V�%��� ��� 2�$��� � ,��� �)�� ? 5$ ���� ���$ ���A �� , 2��*� ,+���)� ����� 1�� �%��0
�%� ��� ,��$)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� ,H����� �K . "5� ����8���10/03
í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
283
� ����5 4 V5��� �#� ��2��*� �!����� ������ �!���� � 2 ?�: � T��� ���!��� &����)� , ��-�� ,H��� �%K�:� ���� ������ 9$�A)O.M.C( �;����� "�K�� ��0 � �
,2-��� ,)-�� � ���� , ���=�� ?�� �� ������� ? ���2 1� T��� �*� �% �A.
�(2� �+ 8�� �� ��:�� �� >������������ '�K8�� "�0 ,8��-�� � �K, ? 2�� �� ����8�� "5�87/19 –�()��F ,)(���� , ��:�� �K��*� '����� ���� M)� 4 ��� &$��A�
�%2���0 ?�8� .�8�0.
�K 0 �(2� � � , ���� &����� �,%� � , : ��� , ����� ,��:�� &���� � 2 ? ����� ?�� �#��� ?� � -:�� 9�=0 ,%� 1� M��2�� V�� ��=� 3 � ����:�� �� ���
$ $��)� ��K+ , +)�� ?�2 �A ��-� � �%��+ ��� ��� ?� ��K2 � ��:)� V��8�� . �$-2 �&��$J� &$�:��� &$����2 ��8�J� �2�5 �� ��� ?� �0 .)� ��A �%:5� ��+ +�
5� ����8�� �H �� '�K8�� ? �� �� ��8�A "� ��+ "87 F19 –�()��F.
�(2� ��!0 ��(��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� ��K ��0 �� 4 ��-��� � ����� ��� � '�:��� 4��� , ��+�� ,�����2 �� ��� 6���0 � �!���� "���I+ �,�# , ;�2� � =�$ � , �-�� ,� �=�� "�� � ��� ��� $8-� T��8-�� ��%����
!���� ,8 8� ,5���� ��0 � M��� ��� ��� ?� �)� ������� ,��� �� ����� ��%2 ����2�� $%��� �)� , �2. � �� V�*� , ���= "���� G��� � $ $��� ����8�� �)=
? 8�� �%�$# .����� �� ��!���� � ��:)� ����: ����� M�� "$� �(2� � t<�(�� >���012���� �.�5�� M)%��� .���+�� -K�� �����2�� .�8��� '�2�%+� , ��� �� � , ���
,2��)� , ���*�.
�(2� �+ ,��:�� ��$ �� , )-�� .�'�:+�� M���A� �&$�:���� �� , ��*� "%;���I2 �'�K8�� "�0 �%2���0 ?�8� .�8�0 ���� M)�+ �$-2 >��� "� �K��0 ,! �0 � ��
�:�� �%)� �%�� V�� �� "%���$� "$� �%H- .2!0 ����� ��� �0 �2� ,!������ , �V�0 ,$=2. � ,-2���� ��+� ��� ��� 6��� �!���� "����� 9$� , ��$ �� ,-2���� $ ���
í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]í³^¤]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
284
��(���� "$� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ��� 6�2�0 �� ����:�� "�$�� >���* ,� �$ �� $��� .� ��+J� �!*�>��8)� ,��$�� �%���� ���� ,.
� "� �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� "�H�� ������$ �* ,���$�� ��# �%� .�� $8� ��%2��� ��A 8� ���� 9�=*� ���*� �� ��-2 �+�
+�� ,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*�� � ���*� ��# �% ��-� T��� �+���� 4 f �-���2 � � ����5 $�� �� �����5 h��� � 2 V5����� ��H�� $5� ��%2 ,8)-��� .���� �� "H�
T��8-�� ����� ����5� ��$�� ����8�� � 2 &�!-2��� ��%� 4K=� ���� G����� . ��# �*� �!� �K��*�%58 �)� �0 >���� �)� � -� �,����)� ,������ ,����� >�� �% )� ��#� ��+� �0 �$2 ,);�# &��! �#��2���2 �$�2)� , $���5�� , ���� �� "#��� ��� ��% )� ,���.
.5� �� �8�� T��8� ��+ >���� �%2 ���0 ���� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� �0 �#��� A "H�� � ���82 . H� 3 � ��%�82�� � �H� ���0 .��+ �%�0 ��H�� $8� ��=7�
��� ���2���2�%��(��� ����*� �. ?)-� �$�� ��� �� ��# "�+�0 "H� >���� ��+ ��A� ���� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*�2 �*�� $5 �I� �,��$�� � ,-������ ��+� ��%;���A "
��� J� ,��= $�8� 3$����)�+��� �&�8��� �,������ ( &����� �K��N� ,2����2�2 � :�+ ���2�� �K��*�� ��2���� � -2 �=7 �0 ��$ �, ���� ,- ���� "�+�0 ��A ,����
�� ,��+��� .������ ��A �5�*�2 ,:)+�� ,; %�� $�8��� ��+� �, %8:�� 6#���� $$-� ,�7����:��� �%8:�� �����. �%�0 �)� �%����- "%� �g ��� ��%� � -:���� �%� ,� ���� .��+� � �T$�� T��� ��� 0 �$2 �! �5�*� ?�$��� ��� g)2 4�$2 ��:�+J� �� �K� ����
, H�� G���2 >���� �=$� ��$�� � �$�8-�� ��%� @��� 6� D.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
286
��) :�#"���� ���� " >��� ��:
1�2�-��:
)�� ��� 2�-��:
F ��=2)�2�-��(, $8�� , ����8�� "H��� � ��� � ��� $ ��;����� �, �;������ , ����� �, -���� .���2���2014.
F �)-2)� (��� $�( �4 ������ ���)� "�)-�� ��$ ��;����� �, ��$�� $�8-�� �2005.
F @��)2)�2�-�� (� �, -���� .���2��� ��� $ ��;����� �3 ����� "�+�04 �2010.
F ���� �2)� $�� � =('��2�� ,�=� � , ����8�� &$���� �) H:�� � $� , )� &���2 �,�# ��$ ��;����� �"�-�� T��8-�� �:5��� M)��2014.
F ��)%2)���( � "��8)2)$�(� ,��X�� �T�%��� ������� , ��+�A� ��!���� �6��+)� , �����1990.
F � K�2)?����� $2�(�� 8:�� �� �#��!��� �2�� 5� ���0 &��$A � ��� �9$%�� ��$ �,) ) � � �,���8 ,���$ �����8���2010.
F �D���)$ ��� $2� � �( � ��-�� &��� �, �$�+��� �, � -��� , �=��� .�� 7��� �1970.
F �D���)$ ��� $2� � �(� ��-�� &7�� �, �$�+��� ���� �� $8� �1 �1969.
F f���)T$�%�� $�(� ��� ��� ������ � '���� �� � $ �� �� T$���5�� �,�# ��$ ��;����� ���*� �2� &��� ��A f�-�� �� � ��1996.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
287
F < ����)$� �2 �� )� 1���( ��$�*� ������ 8:�� �� �+��� $8� "�+�0 �4 ������ ���)� ��� ��$.
F ���)=)$ �� ( ��$ � �;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� ��$�� ��� ��, ��$)=��.
F ����)$��= ( ��$ ��;����� ��;����� �� 5��� M�* � H����� �����8�� ������ �,�#2 �2006.
F �) ����),2#� (@ ��+:�� ��$ ���$0� ����� 8:��5.
F T�2� $ -�),�+� ( �4 ������ ���)� <;�:��� ��$ ��$�*� ������ 5���2011.
F T��%����) $2� $�0?����� (@ ���$�� ����8�� U�� �� � ����6 &$����� $�8-�� � �2)��� .����� �.�� 2 �, ��-��� ��� �� �'����2 >�:���� �)�
�, 5�8���2011.
F T��%����)?����� $2� $�0(@ �$ $��� ��$�� ����8�� U�� �� � ���� �8 ?� ��� �.�� 2 ����*�� '� �N� ��: U�� 4 , +)�� �2)��� .���
�, 5�8���1998.
F T�����)�� )� $�( �+:�� ��$ �,���8 ,���$ �, ��$�� $�8-)� ,�-�� <�*� � ��2�-��2005.
F $�2�)1���( �,�# ��$ ��;����� ��+���� "+��� ��= �;����� �2014.
F s� $2�)" �+�� $2� ( ����5 ,���$ �, 2�-�� ��$�� �� ��!���� .���K �,���8 �,F �4 ������ ���)� ,��8!�� ��$ ��$�*� ����2008.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
288
F $� �)��!� $�0( ,K%��� ��$ �&�#�8�� �, ��$�� $�8-�� �� ,�-�� ,�)��� �#�H � �, 2�-��1973.
F 6��� "��5)� �-�� $2�( �&��K�� '��2� &��$A� $���5� ������ 5��� �&$ $��� ,-���� ��$ �, �$�+��� �2011.
F &�K8��)" �+�� $2� ��� ( ,- ���� � 2 ,���8 , %8�� , ����5 ,���$ � 5��� "�+�0 �4 ������ ���)� ,��8!�� ��$ ��$�*� �����8���2011.
F 6�8��)���� � $�� ��( �,���8 ,���$ �,�-�� ?����� ,�=�= ?�� �� �, 5�8��� �2)��� .�����1 �2009.
F &���+)$�(� � ,��2�)� 9$%�� ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� 4 ����� �� "�-�� 5�� �4 ������ ������2006.
F $�2�)����( �4 ������ ���)� $L$��� ��$ ��;����� �T��$�� ����8�� �� <��*� ��8 �2011.
F 6%��)$�� �2 H�:� ( ���8��� T�;����� � $�� ����8�� �� ������ $8�" �T�;����� .�.M.
F ���+� ������)$�(@ ���$0� �+���� 8:�� �� 6�%�� �2 "��� ��;����� � �4 ������ ���)� ,��-��2012.
F $�)���� � $�� $ ��( �?�$ �, -2��� , � -�� ?�8��� ���$�� ����8�� U�� � �V� ��� ,-2�1981 �1982.
F $�)���� � $�� $ ��(�8��� ���$�� ����8�� U�� � �0 42�� �?�$ �, � -�� ? �6 $*� �'�21968 1969.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
289
F ?���� $�)$ ��� $2�( ����8�� �� ,�-�� ���*� , �H�� ���-�� ������ � �, -���� .���2��� ��� $ ��;����� �T�;�����1998.
F ������)T$�%�� $2� (@ ���� ��� $���5��1&�#�8�� � ��-�� ��$ �.
F < �)����(� � ��$ ��;����� �,���8�� � ���8��� T�;����� ����8�� �� T��8-�� �%�� �,�#2014.
F �+ )T$#� ( ,��2�)� , 2�-�� ,K%��� ��$ ��$�*� �����8��� ,- ���� �� 5��� �4 ������ ������2011.
2 � �� 2�-�������
F �+2)-2)$�0(.����� �.�� 2 ��;����� � �� , ������ ,�7��� � �.�$ ���1 �1985.
F , 5� �2) �� �2 ( ������ ��� $�� ��;����� �, ��:�� .��!���� ����5 U��� �, �2���� ��(�N�1 �2001.
F &$ 2� �2)H :��� $2� ( 4 ����� �� , ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8���� , ��8-�� , +)�� .�2!A �,�# ��$ ��;����� �T�;�����2003.
F .�2��2)$�(�� � �f+�� �,���8 ,���$ �, ��:�� �K��*� T��+ , ����8�� , �� �, ����� ,5������ ,-2���1997.
F ����), -�( �,�# ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� f�-�� �K��0 �2010.
F ���2 T$�)�� ( ������ ,��2�)� ,�# ��$ �,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � %����;����� �4 ������ 2013.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
290
F ���2 T$�)�� ( �5����)�) �( �,�# ��$ ��;����� �, ��8-�� .������� �2013.
F ���2 T$�)��( ���)� "�)-�� ��$ �T�;����� 4 ����� �� , ��8-�� , +)�� �8� � �4 ������1976.
F ���)=)$ �( �, ��$)=�� ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� ��8-�� �2012.
F�5��� )�) �(@ �, ��8-�� .� �8��� �1 –���:�� ��8-��F ������ ��� $�� ��;����� �� �, �2���� ��(�N�2 �2001.
F "%��)H����� ( ��� $ � �;����� ���8���� �� �;����� � �� .������, -���� .���2���.
F ,��)� ���� (� ,���$ �T��8-�� ���)� T�;����� �����8�� "�H��� �, ) )�� , :� ������� ,��2�)� ,�# ��$ ��;�����2003.
F ?�$�)��( ��� $ ��;����� ��;����� �� ������� >��8)� ����8�� " H���� ���� �, -���� .���2���.
F �8�)� 2�( � , ��$)=�� ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� ��8-�� �2012.
F ,2)�)�) �(=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � ��$ ��;����� �T�;����� 4 ����� "�+�0 ?�� ,�� �,�#2010.
F ,��)��� ���( , ��$)=�� ��$ ��;����� ��%� ��� .����8� ���:�� ��8-�� ,�0 � �4 ������ ���)�2005.
F T�)�)���( �,�# ��$ ��;����� ��;����� �� T��8-�� "�H���� , +)�� �2004.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
291
F �)K��)< �$A(�� "�H� � ��� $ ��;����� �T�;����� ����8�� �� �%�: H� 9$� , +) �, -���� .���2���2010.
F � �+), +�( ����8�� �H �� �� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� �10 F03 � �,�# ��$ ��;�����2013.
F "#�+�2 ��8��), �( , +)�� ��� �� ,��$)� 42���� ���:�� ��8-�� .����� ��� �, �2���� ��(�N� ������ ��� $�� ��;����� �� ����1 �2004.
F $�)") �� $�0 $� ( ��-�� &7�� .���8-�� ��� �� , 2��*� .���!����� �, �$�+���21 �2008.
F T$��)� �-�� $2�( ����8��� , +)�� $�8� " )��� , ��8-�� &�� ��� � -:� .�'���A �;����� T��8-�� �T$�$(2 .����� ��;����� �T�2010.
T$��)� �-�� �2�( ,�# ��$ ��;����� �,��=�� , ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� .� �C � �4 ������ ������ ,��2�)�2013.
F T�� � )��( �, )��� .������� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� ���*� �� � ���� � �,�# ��$ ��;�����2009.
#� 8 :�� ���� �#� ���
F ��2�),) �( �&����+$�� &$�%� � �� 3�2 �T�;����� 4 ����� �� >�:���� ?� � �G�=�� ����8�� "�5 �?�8��� , )+ �&$ )2�� �6)�$ $-� ,-��2009 F
2010.
F ��� -��)��2���( ,-��8 �� 9�2+�� .�;�-��2 �%�5��� , ��-���� &��$�� � F ,� ���5F1837 ��A "1871"F� � �� "�)-�� �����+$ &$�%� � �� ,$8 ,���
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
292
, ������ "�)-�� , )+ �,� ���5 ,-�� ����-��� 3 $��� � ����� ���!B�� � ����� "�5 �, �������2014F2015.
F $�2�)����( &$�%� � �� ,$8 ,���� ��;����� �� , ��8-�� ?��)� �����8�� "H���� � �?�8��� , )+ �,��$�� �����+$ �,2��� ����= ���2 ,-��2004F2005.
8� 8: B� � �� �# ����
F � ��)�� �( , 2�(�� , )��� �"K)� ,-K�=�� �K��*� H :�� .��+�A � �2� $ �� &�$�� �����8��� $���5��2002> �2.
F ���2-�)� ���A(�;�����2 , �-�� , ��:�� �K��*� �� ���:�� ��8-�� , ��+�A �.
F� T��)� #�( ,)� ������� ,�+�� .��� =�� "#0� �;�����2 ���:�� ��8-�� " H�� , ��+�A �> �, ��$A� , $���5� 3��2013 ���� �2013.
-Les Cahiers du cread, revue publiée par le centre de recherche en économie
appliquée pour le développement n :48 trimestre 1999.
�"�� :�#�#�0��� J�����
1��#� �%� E#������:
F ����$09 �2���1976 �� @ �>94 G �1294.
F ����$23 � ��2�1989 �� @ �>9 G �234.
F ����$28 �2���1996 �� @ �> 76 G �7.
F�� � $-�������$,��� T 2016 � ���2 &�$�� � @ �07 <��2016 > �14.
2�� ��%�:
F "5� �*�62F20 �� ]�X��24 .�01962� &�D���� ��*� , �� �K����#� ���� � @� ,���1962> � 2.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
293
F "5� �*�64F258 �� ]�X�� �27F04F1964 G�=�*� &�$�� �K��� � ,�� � @ ��#���8���� $�2�� �72 <��2 � %���1964.
F "5� �*�66 F102 �� ]�X�� �06 T�1966��A �K��� � &�D���� ���*� ?� ,�� � @ �,��$�� M�721966 > �36.
F "5� �*�66F154 �� ]�X��08 � �� 1966 .�'����� ����5 �K��� � � ���2 � @ � "���� �$-�� , �$��9 > � �� 47�.
F "5� �*�68F653 �� ]�X��30 �2�2�1968 �� ������ � ����2 G�=�� �� �� @ �,��:�� ,��1969> �15.
F "5� �*�75F74 �� ]�X�� �12F11F1975 "�=�� �K��*� 1�2 ?)-��� �> �� @ �"���� �$-�� �T��8-�� ����� < �7��92 ,��� �1971.
F "5� �*�75F58 �� ]�X��26 F09 F1975 �$-�� ��$�� ����8�� �K��� � ,�� � @ �"����1975> �78.
F "5� �*�91F26 �� ]�X��25F09F1995 �� @ �T��8-�� ����� �K��� ,���1995 > �55 .
F "5� �*�08F04 �� ]�X��01F04F2008 1� .� : +� ���� $$� T��� ����� ,%����� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� �)� �� ���
,��� �� @ , ��!��� 4 ���2008> �49.
3�������E#:
F "5� ����8��83F18 �� ]�X�� �13F08F1983 , ��8-�� , +)�� &�� �2 ?)-��� ,��� �� @ �"���� �$-�� �, ��:��1983> �34.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
294
F "5� ����8��84F11 �� ]�X��09F06F1984 > �� �&��*� ����5 �K���24 ,���1984 "5� �*�2 "���� �$-�� �05F02 �� ]�X��27F02 F
2005 ,��� � @ �2005> �15.
"5� ����8��87F19 �� ]�X��08F12 F1987 ��(��� , : + �2K �K��� � �"%��2���� � ����� ?�8� $$� � , ����� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�
,��� � @1987 > �50.
F "5� ����8��90F25 �� ]�X��18F11 F1990 �T��8-�� ����� ����5 �K����� ,�� � @ �"���� �$-1990> �49.
"5� ����8��90F30 �� ]�X��01F12F1990 "5� ����8��2 "���� �$-��08 F14 �� ]�X��20 � �� 2008 ,��� � @2008 > �44.
F "5� ����8��90F29 �� ]�X��01F12F1990 � @ �, ���-�� ,; %���2 ?)-��� ,���1990 > �22.
F ����8��91F10 � �� ]�X�27F04F1991 ,��� �� @ �5�*�2 ?)-� 1991 > �21.
F "5� ����8��01F07 �� ]�X22 T�2001 ����82 �$- 91F10 �� ]�X��27F04F1991 ,�� � @ � �5�*�2 ?)-���2002> �83.
F "5� ����8��86F02 �� ]�X��20F02F2006 �� @ �? !���� ,�% �K��� ,��2006> �14.
F "5� ����8��07F02 �� ]�X�� �27F02 F2007 ,� �-� '���A < �7� �K� � ,��� �� @ �T��8� ? 8�� ? �� �� , +)�� ?�2007> �15.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
295
F "5� ����8��08F16 �� ]�X��03F08F2008 �� @ ����:�� ����� �K��� � ,���2008 > �46.
F "5� ����8��08F09 �� ]�X��25F08F2008K��� � .�'����� ����5 � ,��� � @ �T�;����� , ��$��� , �$��2008 > �21.
F "5� ����8��10F03 �� ]�X��15F08F2010 .� : +� ���� $$� T��� ,��� �� @ �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(���
2010> �46.
F "5� ����8��10 F01 �� ]�X��26 .�02010 �K� � �) +��� , ���� ����5 ,���2010 ,��� �� @ �2010> �78.
4��#��� ��
F "5� "�����62F02F �� ]�X��22F10F1962 �� ���)�� < �7� �K��� ,��� � @ �&�D���� >�����1962> �1.
F "�����63F88F �� ]�X��18 F01F1963 �&�D���� M�*� " H��2 G�=�� �� @1963> �05.
F���� "5� "�63 F95 �� ]�X��22F03F1963 .��8���� " H��2 ?)-��� ,��� �� @ �&�D���� , ��:��1963 > �19.
F "�����63F168 �� ]�X��09F05F1963 , ��8-�� M�*� 4��2 ?)-��� ,��� �� @ ,��$)� , �� .�� ,��8����1963 > �30.
F "5� "�����64F15 �� ]�X��20F01F1964 .��-�� , ��2 ?)-��� ,��� � @ �, ��8-��1964.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
296
F "�����73F32 �� ]�X��21 F05F1983 "$�8��� .�2!� '���A ��2 ?)-��� > �� �, +)��2 ������ �K��� &�%��� $8� $�$�A� 6�+��21 ,���
1983.
F "5� "�����76F63 �� ]�X��25F03F1996 T$��-�� ����� <�72 ?)-��� � ,��� �� @1976 > �30 "�����2 "���� �$-��89 F51 �� ]�X��
18F04F1989.
F "5� "�����80F210 $��)� "���� �$-�� �8 �9 �15 T� :���� "����� � � "5�76F63 �� ,=�X � @ �T��8-�� �����2 ?)-��� �15F05F1980 �>38.
F "�����89F51 �� ]�X��18F04F1989 + $$� &$��� ��� .� : 29 � "5� ����8��87F19 ,�� ��1989 "5� �16.
F "5� "�����90F50 �� ]�X��06 F02F1990 T��$�� $8-�� $�$�A ���� $$� "5� ����8�� ���A �� � ��:�� � ���)� ,����� , ��8-�� ?�8��� .2! T���
87F19 ,��� �� @ �1990 > �6.
F "5� "�����94F15 � �� ]�X��14 � �� 1994 &��$�� &�%�0 $ $�� �K��� � ,��� � @ �, ���� �� ,�-��1994> �48.
F "5� T� :���� "�����96F459 �� ]�X��18F12F1996 $���8�� $$� T��� ,��� � @ �, ��:�� .� ���-��� �)� ��� ����1996 > �81.
F "5� "�����97F483 �� ]�X��15F12F1997 �� �� 1� .� : +� $$��� .������ �� ,��$)� ,-2���� ,��=�� , ����� M�*� � , K�0 4�5
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
297
,��� � @ �, �������1997 > �83.
F "5� "�����97 F496 �� ]�X��12F1997 �K��*� ,;��� ���� $$� T��� ,�� � @ �, ��:��1997 > �84.
F "5� T� :���� "�����09F339 �X�� �� ]22 F10F2009 "���� �$-�� "5� T� :���� "���)�87F96 �� ]�X��24F02 F1996 '���A �K���
,��� � @ �, ��:�� �K��N� ������ ��� $��2009 > �61�.
F "5� T� :���� "�����91F254 �� ]�X��27 � �� 1971 $�$�A .� : + $$� ,��� � @ �% )��� &�� ��� &$�%�1991 > �36.
F "5� T� :���� "�����97F484 �� ]�X��15F12F1997 �2K �K��� �� @ �, ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� "$� .�2!A .�'���A M��+� ,��=�� , )+���
,���1997 > �83.
F "5� T� :���� "�����08F197 �� ]�X��19F05F2008 .� )-2 ?)-���)�� .�$�� " )��� T��8-�� ? 8���� ,�� �� @ �, +2008 > �26.
F "5� "�����98 F381 �� ]�X��01 �2� $1998 M�*� &��$A ���� $$� ,��� �� @ �M�� .� : +� �%� ��� �#� ��� , :5���1998 > �90.
F "5� "�����10F326 �� ]�X��23F12F2016 � .� : + $$� T���? 2� ?� ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� �� ��� � @ �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� ,
,���2010 > �76.
F "5� "�����11F06 �� ]�X��10 � �� 2011 ��(��� .� : +� $$��� � ,8�)�� �0 ,��=�� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
298
,��� � @ �, �-�� .���X��� .�; %��22011> �2.
F "5� "�����11F237 � �� ]�X�9 � �� 2011 4�5 ��� '�(�A �K� V-2 �� , �� ?���� .��+� ����� �%� �=�� , ��� �K��0
.� ���� . �� &�$�� � @01 � �� 2011> �39.
F "5� "�����12 F124 �� ]�X��19F03F2012 .� ��+�� .�� ?����� $$� M�0 9���0 6���� �% )� $�- ���� , ��:�� �)� �� ��� ?� ����-2 ,��$��
�� ,=�X �� @ �,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�25 <��2012> �17.
5�B #�����:
F )-���, � ���2 T��2�� $ ���� , ��:�� &���� �� &�$���� , ������09F09F1990 "5� .��424 "5� M����� T������ ���8�� 1 K��2 ,8)-���318F
�� ]�X��1998F10F29 ?����� �� �� ��� 1� .� : +� $$����, �������.
F ,+����� , )-���) ,��:�� &����� , ���� �������, : ��� , ����� "5�07 F �� ,=�X��03F03 F2005 "5� ,+����� , )-��� '�(�A ,�K����07 �� ,=�X��15F07F2002 �������2 ,8)-��� , ��8-�� , � -�� ?�8��� ��
"5� ����8�� 6��2 � ��:�� � ���)� ,�����87F19.
F , ������ , )-����� � ���2 , ����� M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� �� &�$��30F06 2009 "5� .��07875 �)� �� ��� 1� .� : +� ���� ����� .��
��� ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� �K��*� , 82��� ���*� ��!���� ,%�� ���*�� , �-�� .���X)� , 82��� ���*� ���!���� ,%����� ,��$)�
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
299
9��� �)� &������ '���*�� , $���5�� , �-�� .���X)� ,K;�:��, ������ ?�����.
F � ���2 , ����� M�N� ,�-�� , �$�� �� &�$���� , ������ , )-���31F10F2011 "5� .��10672 , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� 1�2 ,8)-���
>��8)� ,-2����.
F "5� .�� , ����� M�N� ,�-�� , � $�� �� &�$���� , ������ , )-���08711 � ���205F02F2011 �)� U���� ";�$� >�:���� ?� � ��� ,�K���
�-�� >��8)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*��� �� ?� ��A �.
F "5� , )-���68F050 � ���2 &�$����13 T�2014 9���*� � ���2 ,8)-��� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� ?� ����-2 ,8�����
,��$)�.
6��#0 � ��:
F "5� T������ ������120 �� �$����07F03F1990.
F5� M����� T������ ������ "108 �� �$�23F02F2011 ..) ,��:�� &���� .��!�� '���I2 ?)-�� , )��� .������� , )=�$�� &����� , : ��� , �����
.���� ��� , 2��� ,��:)� &$ $�.
F "5� T������ ������158 �� ]�X��06F03 F1994 1� $ ��2 ?)-� ,��$)� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�.
F���� ������ "5� T��838 �� ]�X��24F10F1996 �K��*� 1� �K���8��� T��� � $#��)� , ��:��?� "5� ����8�� ���A ��87F14.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
300
F "5� M����� T������ ������329 �� �$����17 ����1990 .� : + �K��� ��8�� , ����8�� .�'����� >�2�A� ?�8� $ :���� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �.
7�B�������:
F �� ]�X�� T������ ���8��20F02F1992 M�0 T� $� V �:� 1� �K��� M�* ,-2���� , ��8-�� .�+)��� "%� ���� $�8-�� $�$�� , ���� �� ,��$��
,��=�� ,��$�� . > � @30 ,���1992.
F � ���2 M����� T������ ���8��29F10F1998 "5� .��308 �$ $�� �K��� . 4�5 �� �� ?�� 1 ����� .�:) ,���$2 ,:)+�� , ;���� ,��)�� ��� ,) +��
,��=�� , ����� M�N� ,-2�� , K�0.
8��#� $��� B�������:
F "5� ���8��15221 �� ]�X��29F12F2001 ,��()� �;�K8�� $�%���� ,)� �@ �, ��8-��2 �G�= > �2004.
F "5� ���8��1573.10 � ]�X�� �16F07F1997 � )-�� ,+�)� , ;�K8�� ,)��� � ,���1997 > �1.
F "5� ���8��198951 �� ]�X��27F10 F2000 �� )-�� ,+�)� �, ;�K8�� ,)��� � ,���2001 > �2.
F "5� ���8��37 �� ]�X��21F12F2008 ,+� �G�= > �� )-�� ,+��� ,)� � ,��)� >������2009.
F "5� ���8��00095 �� ]�X��31F01F2011 ,��)� � )-�� ,+��� ,)� �2011 > �1.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
301
F "5� ���8��258049 �� ]�X��25F02F2004 ,+�)� , ;�K8�� ,)��� � ,��)� � )-��2004> �1.
F "5� ���8��384557 �� ]�X��17F01F2007 �� )-�� ,+�)� , ;�K8�� ,)��� � ,���2007> �2.
F"5� ���8�� 68467 �� ]�X��21F10F1990 �� )-�� ,+�)� , ;�K8�� ,)��� � ,��)�1992> �1.
F "5� ���8��020195 �� ]�X��15 F01F2005 ,��)� ,��$�� <)� ,)� �2006> �6.
F "5� ���8��43216 �� ]�X�� �17 F05F2006 � )-�� ,+�)� , ;�K8�� ,)��� � ,���2006> �2.
F "5� ���8��56451 �� ]�X��19F10F2009 �� )-�� ,+�)� , ;�K8�� ,)��� �@3 ,��� �2010.
#� 8 :�#������ ���� " >��� ��:
1-Ouvrages
-ABDELHAMID (A), Quelle Agriculture pour l’Algérie, Office des
Publication Universitaire, Alger, 2009.
-ALLOUM (M.T), Le régime foncier en Algérie, Impression Moderne,
Alger, 2005.
-BHARATI (A), Le régime foncier et domanial en Algérie, évolution et
dispositif actuel ITCIS, Edition 2013.
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
302
-CHALABI (E), Les nationalistation des terres dans la révolution agraire,
Office des Publications, universitaires, Alger, 1984.
-GOTTON (G) & RANDIER (R), Tous les litiges entre preneur et bailleur,
Baux Ruraux Encyclopédie, Delma, pour la vie des affaires, 2eme
Edition et 1ee
Masson, Paris, 1982.
-GOTTON (G), Législations agricoles, Dalloz, 1979.
-GSELL (S), Texte relatifs à l’histoire de l’Afrique du mord, (Herodote),
Topographie, Alger, Jourdon.
-Ministère de l’agriculture et du développement rural, guide de procédure des
dispositif de création de nouvelles exploitations agricoles et d’élevage.
-RAMI (A), VIVIANNE (S), & FADI (A), Dictionnaire Juridique, (Français-
Anglais- Arabe), Liban, Dar Al Koutoub Al Ilmayah.
-SARI (DJ), La dépossessions des Fellah ; Alger, SNED, 1978.
2-Thèse :
-BEN CHEIKH, -EL- REFEGOUN ABBASSI (F), L’impact des lois
foncières coloniales sur la situation socio économique. des Paysans
Algériens de 1873 à 1911, application à trois communes de l’ancien
arrondissement des Constantine. (El Khroub- Oum El Bouaghi- El
Milia). Thèse pour l’obtention du diplôme de doctorat d’état, Option
sociologie de développement, université Mentouri, Constantine, 2006-
2007, P65.
3-Circulaires:
-Circulaire ministérielle n°476du 13 octobre 1992 relative à le relance du
l’opération d’établissement des actes administratifs
<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^Î<Äq]†¹]<íÛñ^ÎJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
303
F Instructions:
-Instruction interministérielle n :787 du 31-08-1989 relative. à la
réorganisation des terres du domaines national établissement des actes
administratifs.
4-Arrêtés
-Arrêté N° 1344 du 11-11-2012 définissant les modalités d’appel a
candidatures et les critères des droit des candidats a la concession des
terres agricoles et des bien superficiaires du domaines privé de l’état
rendus disponibles.
:المواقع الكترونية
-www.startimes.com/?5=14545538.
-www.ONTA.dz
<Ðuø¹]<Ðuø¹]<Ðuø¹]<Ðuø¹]JJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
305
�=��� &� ��
01 ����� �� $8� @ 02 &����� -���� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ���2 ?) 03 , ����� M�*� $�� ,5��2 @��� 04 ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*� �)� �� ��� ���� ���$ 05 '���A ��8 �� ��� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�:) ,���$ ,���
,� ���5 , �� 9��� �)�) ���5�;��( 06 &$�)� �8 2�� $��� �%�2 � $��2� � ����� @���30 "5� ����8�� �10F
03 � ��� '���A ��)!� "� � ��� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � � $ :����2 ,8)-��� �� ��� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?�
07 2 ?)-��� ������� , 2��� ,��:)� &$ $� , ��� .��!�� '���I.���� �� 08 $$� ���5 �� �� � ������ �� �=A � �-� 1����� ���A .� : +
&������ ,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ����� M�*�� , ��:�� �K��*�. 09 2 ,8)-� , )-� "5� ����8�� �� <�+�� �� ��� ? 2��10F03 �K��*� �)�
U������ � ���82 ,-K�= .��+ ���� ��A � ���)� �2�8�� �� ��� ����5������
10 ";�$�� >�:���� ?� �() �;�� ���5 11 � 2� , )-� "5� ����8�� ���A �� �� ��� ?� 9���0 � ��� , : +10F03
";�$�� >�:���� ?� �� &�=7��� 9���*�� 12 2 ?)-�� , )-�� .��� ���� , 2)� ��0 � , ��� �K��0 >���5� , ���K�
, ��)� , �� 4 ��� ����I2 ,�2���� 13 �K� �;�� ���5 , ��� &�!��� ,-2�� , ��� �K��0 ��� '�(�A
, �-�� 4 ����� .��� ��� , 2)�� , $��)�;�� ���5(
< << << << << << << << << << << << <
l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊl^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊl^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊl^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ< << << << <
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
307
� �� ��.................................................................. 1
��%� 2 "��:
������� � 4������ �#���� ����� � ���� 5#��� ��6�
��%� ����� :
�-���0�� � ���� �� � 4������ �#���� ����� � ���� 5#���
��%� :" �� : �#���� ����� � ���� 5#��� *�< �#� ����� �"��� �8)
4������....................................................
10
��%� 2�6 �� :����:�� ������ �25 ���:�� ��8-�� " H��............. 10
��%� /���� :M���*� '�� �25 ���:�� ��8-�� 4K�............... 11
*��%� @����� :T$ ���� $%-�� �� ���:�� ��8-�� 4K�............ 12
� @������#� 8� :������� $%-�� �� ���:�� ��8-�� 4K�........... 14
�8� 8�� @����� :, ���� .����:�� ��= ���:�� ��8-�� 4K�..... 16
�� 8�� /���� :���!-�� $%-�� ��= ���:�� ��8-�� 4K�............. 19
*��%� @����� :, ������ , +)�� ���0.......................... 19
�#� 8�� @����� :, ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� ,- 2�.................. 26
�� 8�� 2�6 �� :����:�� ������ ��2A ���:�� ��8-�� " H��............ 30
��%� /���� : ��8-�� ����� , ���:�� , ��-���� , �� ��� ,- 2����:��................................................
30
*��%� @����� : ,��$�� � �$ '���A ,)��)1830 ��A1870(..... 31
�#� 8�� @����� : , ��:�� , +)�� ����� ,)��)1870 F1962(....
35
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
308
�� 8�� /���� : � ���5 �� �:�� , ���:�� , ��-���� ,�� ���� � �2� � ����.....................................
38
*��%� @�����: � �-�� >��5.................................... 39
�#� 8�� @����� : � )��� >��5)� �;�����(....................... 42
�� 8�� :" �� : ������� �#0< ����� � ���� �#���.................... 42
��%� 2�6 �� :� ���:�� ��8-��,��$)� M�)�........................... 43
��%� /���� :,��:�� �� ������ � ����.............................. 44
*��%� @����� :� ��� &� ��� ,���)� �����8�� "�H���.............. 45
�#� 8�� @����� :� ��� &� ��� ,����� .���� ? ���� � �� , : + 49
�� 8�� /���� :, ������ &��!��....................................... 51
*��%� @�����: , ������ &��!)� ������ ?�$����................. 52
�#� 8�� @�����: ���:�� ��(����................................. 55
�� 8�� 2�6 ��: G��=)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-��....................... 57
��%� /����: 9�2+�� , ��:�� .� +)�� ,2���...................... 57
*��%� @�����: ����2 ,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� " 7�.......... 58
�#� 8�� @����� :" 7��� ?���....................................... 60
�� 8�� /���� :� �.�2!�� .�$�� 3 ............................... 62
*��%� @����� :$���� $��� ,��� �� ,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� .�2!A 64
�#� 8�� @����� :$���� 6� D ,��� �� ,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� .�2!A 66
�8� 8�� @�����: , ��8-�� , +)�� � %�� �� , ��-�� $�8-�� , ��-� 9$
69
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
309
�� 8�� ����� : 4������ �#���� ����� � ���� 5#��� ��" NA��� E< ������
����"#��� NA��� ��"�� I�-���0��
��%� :" �� :" H�� ���:�� ��8-��� ,��$)� M�)�� ���:�� ��8-��)� M�)��=G��........................................................
72
����%� 2�6 :,��$)� ,��=�� M�N� ,-2���� , ��:�� �K��*�........ 72
��%� /���� : , ��:�� .� ���-��� �� , ��:�� &�!���� ��)�..... 73
*��%� @����� :, $8�� .� ���-��� �� , ��:�� .��!���� � �.. 74
�#� 8�� @�����: �:�� &�!��)� �����8�� $�����, �................ 76
8�� @�����8��: ����� ����5 ? 2��2 , ��:�� .��!���� �!7�T��8-��............................................
81
�� 8�� /���� : � ��:�� � ���)� ,����� .���K��............... 83
*��%� @����� :";�$�� >�:���� ?�................................. 84
�#� 8�� @����� : ����� "�$��...................................... 87
�� 8�� 2�6 �� :,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*�............................. 89
��%� /����: ,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� f�-��� �#�H................ 90
��%� @�����* :���:�� ��8-)� G�=�� M)��� 4 ���............... 91
�#� 8�� @����� :,��=�� ,+)�� 4 ���)� &�%��� $8� ��+�2�.......... 96
�� 8�� /���� :,��=�� , ��:�� , +)�� f�-��� �#�H................ 103
*��%� @����� :� )�*� �%+�� ,����� �K��*� >���A....... 104
�#� 8�� @����� :&�� ��� &$�%� '���A................................
106
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
310
�8� 8�� @����� : ���A �� ,+)�� .�$�� " )��� &�%��� $8� '�(�AT��8-�� ? 8����....................................
110
:� 8�� /���� :�� &��!�� 6��� �� � :+���2 >���� ��(��� , ���� ,��=�� , ��:�� .���� �� " H�� �� ...............
112
*��%� @����� :,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� 6���........ 113
�#� 8�� @����� : "�+�0,��=�� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A............ 115
�� 8�� :" �� :�#�=��� �#���� �$��%�................................ 118
��%� 2�6 �� : , ��:�� �K��*� ,��+� �;����� �� 5��� "�H� ���� �.....................................................
119
��%� /���� :� , = ����� ���*�� 5��� �-�................... 120
*��%� @����� : 5��� �-�.................................... 120
�#� 8�� @����� :� , = ����� ���*�.............................. 124
�� 8�� /���� : ����5 ��$� $-2� �25 �;����� �� 5��� " H�� �5�*�..............................................
126
*��%� @����� : ��$� �25 5��� " H�� 5��� ����5.............. 127
�#� 8�� @����� :��$� $-2 5��� " H�� �5�*� ����5........... 128
�� 8�� 2�6 ��: , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(��� ?��............... 131
��%� /���� : ��� �� ? �� �� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(���T$�-��.................................................
132
*��%� @����� :�K��*� ��� A ?�� , :5��� , ��:��.............. 133
�#� 8�� @����� :��� �� "�+�0...................................... 135
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
311
�� 8�� /���� : ? �� �� , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��(���,��=�� .���� ��....................................
138
*��%� @�����: ,������......................................... 139
�#� 8�� @����� : ��<&�5����....................................... 142
�8� 8�� @����� : ��<�+���......................................... 144
���� 8�� 2 "�� ��....................................................... 150
�� 8�� 2 "�� : �� !� ��" ��� �#���� �$��%� ������ (�� 6 �- � #� ��
������ �� ���
��%� ����� :� #� �� ��< S� � ���� ��� � 6C�
��%� :" �� :� �� ��< S� B�?���+� 6��0� #....................... 153
��%� 2�6 �� :�� ��� $8� 1� ����................................ 154
��%� /���� :�� ��� 6��� �!����2 ,8)-��� ������............. 155
*��%� @����� : "5� ����8�� ���A �� � $ :���� ,;�87 F19...... 156
#� 8�� @������ :$$��� � �!���� ,;�.............................. 163
�� 8�� /���� :T��8-�� '�����2 ,8)-��� ������...................... 166
*��%� @����� : "5� ����8�� "�+�72 ,� -�� �K��*�10 F03..... 167
�#� 8�� @�����: ����8�� ? 2�� ��� � &��!���� �K��*�10F03 169
�� 8�� 2�6 �� :�� ��� $8� 1� .�'���A............................. 171
��%� /���� :�� ��� $8� �)� ������ .�:) " $8�................. 172
*��%� @����� :�� �� ?� ��A ";�$�� >�:���� ?� � ��� .�2)�... 172
�#� 8�� @����� :�� � �!���� .�2)�$$�........................... 177
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
312
/������ 8�� :�� ��� $8� ��$�A................................... 181
*��%� @����� :�� ��� 1� �� ,)=$��� .�; %��................... 181
�#� 8�� @����� : �� ��� $8-� ,����� ,; %��....................... 185
�� 8�� :" ��:��#"6�=� E�� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ���� �#��� ��� ��10�03 191
��%� 2�6 �� : � D ��!���� ���A �� ,%2���� $�8-�� V-2 �� �� ����:�� ................................................
193
%� /������ :��-�� ?���� �� �� �� �� �..................... 194
*��%� @����� :2����� ��0...................................... 195
�#� 8�� @����� : ��=�� ��0................................... 199
/������ 8�� :������� ��8-�� �� �� $8� �� �� �............... 200
*��%� @����� :�� ��� $8� 1� ���� 3 � �.................... 201
�#� 8�� @����� :U���� ?��� ,- 2�� �� ��� 1� .�'���A 3 � � 204
�� 8�� 2�6 �� :��!���� ��� �� ,%2���� $�8-�� V-2 �� �� � ���:�� ...............................................
205
��%� /���� :U������ ���A �� �� ��� $8� �� �� �........... 206
*��%� @����� :�� ��� 1� ���� 3 � �..................... 208
�#� 8�� @����� : ?��� ,- 2�� �� ��� 1� .�'���A 3 � �U����...........................................
210
�� 8�� /���� : ,-������ , :5��� , ��:�� �K��*� ��� A �� �� �,��$�� &��� �� .��+ ����.............................
212
*��%� @����� :2����� ��0...................................... 213
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
313
�#� 8�� @����� : ��=�� ��0................................... 216
�� 8�� ����� : �=� E�� ��� � 6+ � � #� �� ��< H#���10�03
��%� :" �� :�#���� @� 8�� �� ���� ��� ������....................... 220
��%� 2�6 �� :, �$ ,+�� , ��:�� &�!����.......................... 220
��%� /���� :�-��%��+�0� , ��:�� &�!���� .................... 221
*��%� @�����: �-� �%��+�0� , ��:�� &�!����................ 222
�#� 8�� @����� :��+�0 , ��:�� .��!����........................ 223
�� 8�� /���� :�� 9$X ""�+�0 , ��:�� &�!����"�+�0 4 � ,+���, �$��.................................................
226
*��%� @����� :� 3 � ,��=�� , ��K��� ��+�*�............ 226
�#� 8�� @����� :, )+��� ��+�*� 3 � �......................... 228
�� 8�� 2�6 �� :!��)� , ��-�� , �=���2 ������ e;���, ��:�� &�.... 230
��%� /���� :&�!���� &��$A� , ���� ,���......................... 231
*��%� @����� :, ���� ,���....................................... 231
�#� 8�� @����� :&�!���� &��$A.................................... 233
�� 8�� /���� :,+����� $8� "��2A..................................... 233
*��%� @����� :2� -,+����� ,..................................... 234
�#� 8�� @����� :>��8�� , $�$� �)� ,+����� .���+-��........... 237
�� 8�� :" �� : #� �� ��< E< �"��� �� B ������� &�����............ 239
��%� 2�6 �� :?�8���.................................................. 239
��%� /���� :,��$�� ?�8�........................................... 240
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
314
*��%� @����� :,-:��� ?� ...................................... 241
�#� 8�� @����� : ?� ,-:��� ��0 � ?�8��� � $ ������ ,2�5��� ,�-��...........................................................
243
�8� 8�� @����� :&$�:��� &$����2 $8-�� ���......................... 245
�� 8�� /���� :�� ��� 6��� �!���� ?�8�....................... 248
*��%� @����� :�� ��� ?�....................................... 248
�#� 8�� @����� :>� ��� � @��=�� ?�........................... 262
�8� 8�� @����� :��� ? ���+���� �� ?� � �!+0 6�.............. 265
��"���� @����� :��� ? ��!���� �=�$ '��2 ,�5A&�................ 266
�� ��� @����� :, ��� , ���-� � +�� �� ?���.................. 267
�� 8�� 2�6 �� :�%2 ��=�� '���� �� ��� 6��� �!���� .������ 269
��%� /���� :.������ �� ��� 6��� �!����.................... 270
*��%� @����� :�*� 4�$9��........................................ 270
�#� 8�� @����� :, ��:�� &�!��)� , �=���� &���2�� &��$��..... 274
�8� 8�� @����� :�K��N� , ��:�� ,%���� �)� ,H�����.......... 275
�� 8�� /���� :.�������2 ��=�� '���............................ 275
*��%� @�����:�� ,- 2��� �=�� �!���� , ��X�� , ����8�������2 276
�#� 8�� @����� :��$�� ��:��T �� ��� $8-�....................... 277
���!�� 6�2�� ,��=...................................................... 279
,��=.................................................................... 281
4������ �$���� ,;�5.................................................. 286
<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊ<l^Âç•ç¹]<Œ†ãÊJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJVJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
315
?����
.���K��� <�%�..................................................... 307
G=)��
J�� ��:
$-2 "5� , ��:�� .��!���� ����5 ���87F19 �� ]�X��08 �2� $1987 "5� ���:�� �� ��� ����82 >���� �$2��� "�-�� ���:�� >��8��2 V�%��� ��10F03 �� ]�X��05F08 F2010.
" $8�� ����8�� .��(! $ $��� ����8�� L$� �0 �H���� � ��+�F�()�� F T����� � �+� ��+ �� ��:�� � ����� ��� �+�0 �28� "$ ���A �� �-�� V�: ��+
����� �+� �� �-�� �K:� ����� T�;����� U�:�� , �#� 4 V5��� T��� �*�T$�� . >�:���� ?� ��K2 V��8�� �)� ������ �� ,2�-� ����:�� $�� �+
��+ ";�$��$ $��)� ��K+ , +)�� ?�2 d�A ��-� � M��2�� ...���.
>� ��� � @��=�� �� ?��� �!��)� ���0 ��+ �A� $ $��� ����8�� �0 � D �K��N� ������ ��� $�� ,8���2 ?��� ��# $ 5 �0 d�A �, $�� &�!�� � +���
"5� "����� "�+�0 ?�= "$�� �, ��:��97F490 �� ]�X��20F12F1997 �:��= 0$2 0�50 9�=0 ,%� �� �,%� � ��# �, ��:�� �K��*� ,;���2 ?)-��� �K��*� ,;��� '�(�A ��A ����0 $% T���� , ��:�� .��!���� 4 �� �#�
�%� ��� "$�� , ��:��.
V��8�� 1�2 M��2�� >��5� , ��+ �+� "� ";�$�� >�:���� ?� G;��= .��+ ��A���)� ��5X �8� ��� �0 .)� ��A ��� ��� ?� �%-�8 � +� � $ :)40 ,�� (
��=A ,��� �� �'�K8�� ��A '��)�� ��$� &$�:��� �%�$��I2 $8-�� ��� &��$J� �+ �, ����8�� �������2 �!����.
�)� .����8�� ,��+ U��:�� V�:� , ��-�� , $���5�� >�K�*� �0 "D��� ��!���� 6���� ��A �H���2 , 2��*� .�+���� ,#��2 ����:�� >��8�� M�� �
, ����� ������ �)� L�� >���� �0 �A ������ ��# �� &$;���� ,��$�� V-2, ��:�� &�!���� 4 ,+��� $8� "��2A �� 6D� � �+ �� , �;�����.
Abstract
After the failure of the Agriculture Investees Law No. 87-19 dated on
December 8, 1987 for advancing agricultural the general sector, the legislator
has replaced it by the law of agricultural concession No. 10-03 dated on 05-
08-2010.
It was expected that the new law closes the gates of the old law -concealed-
that was claiming the lack of acceptance of its rules among the farmers
producers, for it imposed work in a frame of a collective order of the peasant
producers, which contrasts with the mentality of the Algerian farmers who
prefers to work in the an individual form. Also the farmers found difficulty to
get loans to guarantee the right of the constant benefit because the banks
recognize only the right of possession as an insurance for the repayment ...
etc.
Although; the new law even it has given the investor the right to exit from
the collectivity and the formation of his individual invest, however; it has
restricted this right with the consent of the National Office for Agricultural
Lands, and not to violate the regulations of the Decree No. 97-490 dated on
20/12/1997 on the one hand linked to the split of the agricultural lands and on
another hand, it admitted a controversial principle which is the gathering the
investments of agricultural that basically aim to the deletion of the division of
the agricultural lands and there in dispersion.
If the characteristics of the right of permanent benefit were not sufficient to
convince the banks to grant loans to the beneficiaries; then how the right of
excellence persuade it when it knew that it became really temporary (40 years
old) and the administration could delete the contract unilaterally and without
referring to justice, whenever the investor mislead with his of legal
obligations.
Despite; that the universal economic conditions imposed the opening of all
sectors on the investment and among them the agricultural sector with the
sponsorship of the foreign companies in view of the experiences of some
countries leadership in this field, except that the legislator insists on the
requirement of the Algerian nationality for all who wish to sign a partnership
with the invested farm.
Résumé
Après l'échec de la loi n ° 87-19 en date du 8 Décembre 1987 des
investisseuses agricoles afin de progresser le secteur étatique agricole le
législateur le replaça avec la loi de concession agricole n ° 10-03 du 05-08-
2010.
Et Il était prévu que la nouvelle loi suspend les échappatoires de
l’ancienne loi -supprimée- qui se plaignait du réfute de ses réglementations
chez les agriculteurs producteurs, car elle imposée le travail dans un cadre
collective le fait qui est contradictoire avec la mentalité de l’agriculteur
algérien qui préfère travailler sous la forme individuelle. Et également les
agriculteurs ont trouvés qu'il est difficile d'obtenir des prêts à garantir le droit
d'accès permanent et les banques n’admises que sauf le droit de propriété
comme garantie pour le remboursement ... etc.
Mais la nouvelle loi même si elle a donné à l'investisseur le droit de sortir
de la collectivité et le droit de former une investisseuse individuelle,
cependant d'une part ce droit est restrictif avec le consentement de l'Office
national des terres agricoles, et de ne pas violer les dispositions du décret n °
97-490 du 20/12/1997 portant sur la répartition des terres agricoles, d'autre
part il reconnut un principe contradictoire qui est la compilation des
investisseuses agricoles et qui son but fondamentalement est à l'abolition de
la partition des terres agricoles et de ne pas les disperser.
Si les caractéristiques du droit de bénéfice permanent n’est pas suffisantes
pour convaincre les banques d'accorder des prêts aux bénéficiaires, alors
comment le droit de franchise le ferra, si elles apprennent que ce droit est
vraiment devenu temporaire (40 ans) et que l’administration peut résilier le
contrat unilatéralement et sans avoir recours à la justice en cas de violation de
l’investisseurs de ces obligations légales.
Malgré que les conditions économiques mondiales imposent l'ouverture de
tous les secteurs sur investissement et parmi eux le secteur agricole avec la
contribution des entreprises étrangères en égard de l'expérience de certains
pays leadeurs dans ce domaine, excepté que le législateur insiste sur
l'exigence de la nationalité algérienne à tous ceux qui souhaitent entrer dans
un partenariat avec l’investisseuse agricole.