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-120: 2012
. .
0: , LED,
26 - 28 2012 ( 1)
0.1
( - ) - , . , ( ), , , . , , , () , "" "" . () .
( ) ( ) , ' - . , () () ( , ).
, , , (): () - , , , , , , , , .... , , () , () , .
, . -- ! , . , , . , , , -- -- -- , - "" .
--, , , transistors. , , , , . " " , , , () ., " " () . ' ," " ,
(-) , , " " .
, "" "", : , ON
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Introduction (U.Crete, CS-120)
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, (). , OFF , ().
0.2 ( ), ( ),
(electric current, orcurrent intensity), I, , (electricvoltage,
or tension, or potential), V, . (charge) , Amperes, A, 1 Coulomb ,
, mA (milli-Ampere), , A (micro-Ampere). , , .. . , ( ) , , . Volt,
V, , mV (milli-Volt). , , "" bar.
() () , . .. () . , , . (1/20 ) (.. ). , . , , . ' (1/20 ), --..
, ! , .. -- 12 Volt. , , 0.2 A (200 mA). , , ( -- !), Amperes!
. ( ). , . ( , ), , , -- ... , , (), . , ( !) , ! , ( ): Volt! (
), . , Amperes, ! , Volt Amperes....
, , , . , , 4 , (- ), , ! () ( - ), (
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). , (resistance) R, V, I = V/R ( , ). Ohm, , 1 = 1 V / 1 A. ,
60, 12 V : 12 V / 60 = 1/5 A= 0.2 A = 200 mA. () 0.1 ( !), 12 V 12
V / 0.1 = 120 A ( !).
, , . 1 Coulomb 1 Volt 1 Joule. 1 , 1 Cb / 1 s = 1 A, 1 J / 1 s
= 1 Watt. , . 0.2 A * 12 V = 2.4 Watt. 120 A * 12 V = 1440 Watt. ..
1.2 V, "" 20 A, 20 A * 1.2 V = 24 Watt. "" 2200 W (= 2.2 kW) 220
Volt,"" 2200 W / 220 V = 10 Amperes ( 16 A -- -- , () ).
0.3:
. , , 1 10 Volt. () . ( -ground - G-), ( -source - S+). "" ( --
-- ) () , () (). () . , , -, , . , , , "" - ( G-).
- , . , " ", , ' , () , , ' , () . , . -, ( ). Ohm () ;
- , . " " , , -- . ,
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Introduction (U.Crete, CS-120)
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, ( , ). . , () . , , .
, - , . " " , (). , , , . , -- , . ' , ;
. " " ( ) ; , . -, : , , , . , . , ;
, , . -- transistors-- . " ". , , , . " " ( ) .
0.4
. , () , . , ' (chips) CMOS . ("breadboard"),
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, 0.2.
() /: (PCB - printed circuit board) (chips), (), , LED, (LCD -
liquid crystal display), . . : , -- !
, () (power supply), , . (transformer) 220 Volt , (rectifier)
(AC - alternating current) (DC - direct current), (voltage
regulator) (5) Volt. (overload protection): "" ( / ) 3 Ampere, , ()
15 Watt, . / (+5 V), (0 V, "" - ground).
, , , / -- ( " ") , . ( - ), .
0.5
(breadboard), . , , . , , . - 50 -- . 50 , ' ' . , , , (0 V - )
5 V ( ).
- : , , ! ( .)
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, , . -- , , -- -- . , : . . , , , . : . : . , . , , , -- --
.
0.6 (LED)
(LED -light-emitting diode). / (0.4) . LED , . , LED ( ), ( ).
LED's , .
LED , ( -- ). , LED , , -- -- "" . ("" -- ). LED , ( ) "+" "-".
, LED's , ! LED ( ...): , .
LED, , , () ( R = V/I V I). , V 1.5 Volt, LED (, , " " 0.6 Volt)
, , , (' ) ( ) , LED "". V 1.6 2.0 Volt, LED 1 20 mA
(milli-Ampere), . , LED : LED "", -, .
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5 Volt, ' LED , ( -) ( LED , , : ). LED, . 220 (Ohm), : =2, =2,
=101, =5% . ( =0, =1, =2, =3, =4, =5,=6, =7, =8, =9
..http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_color_code).
0.7: LED
, LED . . "+" ( ), "", ( ). 5 Volt LED 2 V, 3 V 220 , I 3 V /
220 14 mA. , , LED . LED ("") , LED . , LED ( ).
0.8: LED
, , . . ( - button): , -- "". , , SPDT - Single Pole - Double
Throw ( - ) : , , , . , P, "" , T0 ( ), T1 , P T0 , T1, .
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, . "" , "", , . "--" . P , , ( ) , , T0 T1. , T1 , P 0.7 LED. ,
LED .
, ( ), , P T1 ( P T0, ). , , , : P T1, I LED I 220 , (0.7), 220
. , , LED , "LED " " " , -- :
(LED ) = ( )
0.9: T0 -
, 0.8 LED ( ) T0 T1 . , . : LED ( ) , , P, T0, I LED. , , , , ,
P T0 ( T1), LED. , , , , LED . : . , "LED " " " , :
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(LED ) = ( )
0.10: -
( ): T1 ( B ), , A, B -- A B. () P A, ( ) T1 A P B. .
(), , , , T1 A, B. , -- A, , , , B LED , , , .
LED , , T1 , , A B, .
, -- :
(LED ) = ( ) ( )
LED; LED , A B ( ) " ()":
(LED ) = [( ) ( )] = [ ( )] [ ( )]
" DeMorgan" " ". "" " ", .
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0.11: -
( ) ( ) , A B, , : "" , , . , , P T1 , ( , , ) LED. T0 .
: ( ), LED -- T1, , A B.
, .. A , LED , P A T1 A LED. B, P B T1 B LED. LED, : LED. , ,
LED, , , LED.
, -- , "" " ":
(LED ) = ( ) ( )
LED; LED , ( ) A B:
(LED ) = [( ) ( )] = [ ( )] [ ( )]
() DeMorgan .
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2012, by M. Katevenis.
