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ÁÈÁËÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÑËÎÂÀÐÜ Александр МЕНЬ Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM 1

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  • Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM1

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    ISBN 5!89831!026!6 (.1)

    ISBN 5!89831!020!7

    . . , , 2002

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  • 7

    10! . , . ,, , , , , .

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  • 8

    , , , , , , .. . , , , , (, , . .). , , . ., . . . . , , , , .

    , , . 700 . . , , .

    , : . : 1) , h holy. , , ; 2) , , , , , .

    , , , , : .., .., , ., 1985. , .. () ., Wellhausen (.) , Holdsworth (.) , Lagrange (.) . : Weisse (.) , . Barrett , ; Gerhardsson (.) .. !i, !y !, !; ,. Jankowski , . Pokorny , ! . , , .

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  • 10

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  • 11

    , , ;

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    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM11

  • 12

    , , . , . , ...

    . , 1986 .

    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM12

  • 13

    1 2 3 , 1 2 3

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    1 2 3

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  • 14

    . , . . . . . . . . . . . - ! . . . . . . . . . . . , . ! . , . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . .! . !.! . !. , ( ). . ( ). ! .

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    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM14

  • 15

    . . ! . . , ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

    . , . , . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . ! . ! .! . . ; . . (). . . . . . . ! . ! . . . . . ( ). .! . !. . . . . . s. l. ()

    !,!, !, !,!, ! . (.: .,., . ., .).

    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM15

  • 16

    , . . . ., ., 1989 , . ., 1892 1918 , . 1 200, . 13, .,

    1967 77 , ., 1945 . ..,

    , ., 1975 , . 1 31, ., 1960 , . ., 1937 41; 1946 , . 112, ., 1950 64 , . 1 39, ., 1966 89 , , 1884 1917 , ., 1947 , ., 1889 1918 , ., 1899 1907 , ., 1837 1912 . . .,

    , . 1 2, . (.)

    :

    . . . . . . ., - . . . !Amst. AmsterdamB. BerlinCamb. CambridgeChi. ChicagoDss. DsseldorfEdin. EdinburghFr./M. Frankfurt am Main

    Freib. Freiburg im BreisgauHamb. HamburgGtt. GttingenL. LondonLpz. LeipzigMnch. MnchenN.Y. New YorkOxf. OxfordP. ParisPhil. PhiladelphiaTb. TbingenStras. StrasbourgStuttg. StuttgartW. WienWarsz. WarszawaWash. WashingtonZ. Zrich

    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM16

  • 17

    , ., 1858 1916; ., 190917 , ., 1860 1917 (., . , . ..) , . 1 7, . .,

    1957 64 , . 116, ., 1908 1913 , .,

    1834 1917 , ., 1931 , . . .. , .1 9,

    ., 1983 . . (), ,

    988 1893, , 1966 (.) , , 1976 , . . . . , . 19,

    ., 1962 78 , . . . . , . 111, .,

    1929 39 . mitr. Manuil ( Lemeschewskij ), Die Russischen Orthodoxen

    Bischfe, 1893 1965, Bd. 1 6, Erlangen, 1979 89 , . . . . , . 1 2, ., 1980 82 , . . . . , . 1 6, .,

    1973 82 , . . . . .

    , . 1 29, ., (.), 191116 , . 1: ,

    . . . , ., 1912 ( ),

    , ., . . . , ., 1964 , . . . *

    . . *, . 112, ., 1900 11 , . 1 14, , 1928 71 , ., 1860 91 , ., 1855 1917. , . 1 62, ., 18811916;

    1954 , . ., 1954 . , .1 48, ., 1843 91 , .125, . ., 18961918 , , 1953 70 ..,

    28 ! , ., 1907 , . (.), 1885 1917, 1800 1917 1800 1917. ,

    . . .., .1 2, ., 1989 92 , . . *!,

    , 1974

    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM17

  • 18

    , . . . . , .116,., 196176

    , . .. . , .1, ., 1987; .2, .1 2, ., 1988 89

    XVIII , . . . . , .1,., 1971

    , ., 1860 1917

    , ., 1934 , . . . . , .1 5,

    ., 1960 70 , . . . . ,

    ., 1983 - , . (.), 1821 1917 , ., 1875 1917 , ., 1888 1918 ,

    . . ., 1863 1917 ( 1895 1909 ) , . . . ,

    . .. .., .1 82, ., 1890 1907

    :

    , ,1950

    ANET *Pritchard J.B. (ed.), The Ancient Near East: an Antology of Texts andPictures, Princeton, 1958

    ANT The Apocryphal New Testament, ed. by M.P.James, Oxf., 1924APOT The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, ed. by

    R. H.Charles, vol.1 2, N.Y. Oxf., 1963BA The Biblical Archaeologist, New Haven, 1938BTD Jones C.M., The Bible Today, Phil., 1962 BTS Bible et Terre Sainte, P., 1957 77CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Wash., 1939 C h i l d s *Childs B.S., Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture,

    Phil., 1979CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Vienna, 1866 DBSpl Dictionnaire de la Bible. Supplement, P., 1928 DIC Dictionnaire des ides contemporaines, sous le dir. M. Mourre, P., 1964EA The Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 1 30, N. Y., 1968 Enc. Kat. Encyklopedia Katolicka, pod red. F. Gryglewicza, R. Lukaszyka,

    Z. Sulowskiego, vol.1 5, Lublin, 1973 G e n t h e Genthe H. J., Mit den Augen der Forschung: Kleine Geschichte der

    neutestamentlichen Wissenschaft, B., 1976HDB *Hastings J., Dictionary of the Bible, rev. ed., N. Y., 1963

    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM18

  • 19

    HTG Handbuch theologischer Grundbegriffe, hrsg. H. Freis, Bd.1 4,Mnch., 1970

    ICI Informations catholiques internationales, P., 1955 IDB Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, ed. by G. A. Buttrick, N.Y., 1962JBC The Jerome Biblical Commentary, ed. by R. E. *Brown and oth.,

    vol. 1 2, L., 1968K r a u s *Kraus H.J., Geschichte der historischkritischen Erforschung des Alten

    Testaments von Reformation bis zur Gegenwart, Neukirchen, 1956LTK Lexikon fr Theologie und Kirche, hrsg. J. Hofes und K. *Rahner, Bd.

    110, 2 Aufl., Freib., 1957 65MB Le Monde de la Bible, P., 1957 M i g n e. PG *Migne J.P., Patrological cursus completus... Series Graeca,

    t.1 161, P., 1857 66M i g n e. PL *Migne J.P., Patrological cursus completus... Series Latina,

    t.1 221, P., 1844 64NCCS A New Catholic Commentary on the Holy Scripture, ed. by R. C. Fuller,

    L., 1844 64NCE New Catholic Encyclopedia, ed. by M.R.P. McGuire and oth., vol.1 15,

    N.Y., 1967 ODCC The Oxford Dictionary on the Bible, ed. by F. L. Cross and E. A.

    Livingstone, Oxf., 19772

    PCB A Commentary on the Bible, ed. by A. *Peake, L., 1959Q u a s t e n. Patr. Quasten J., Patrology, vol.1 3, Utrecht, 1950 60RB Revue Biblique, P., 1892 RFIB Introduction la Bible, sous la dir. de A. Robert et A. Feuillet, vol.12,

    Tournai, 19592

    RGG Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Handwrterbuch frTheologie und Religionswissenschaft, Hrsg. K. Galling, Bd.1 6, Register!Bd.,Tb., 1957 653

    RHR Revue de lhistoire des religions, P., 1880 SC Sources Chretiennes, ed. par H. de Lubac et J. *Danilou, P., 1943 S c h w e i t z e r GLJF *Schweitzer A., Geschichte der Leben Jesu Forschung,

    Tb., 19072 (. .: The Quest of the Historical Jesus, L., 19543)TTS Tendenzen der Theologie im 20 Jahrhundert. Eine Geschichte in Portrts,

    Stuttg. B., 1966WBSA Whos Who in Biblical Studies and Archaeology, Wasch., 1986ZAW Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, B., 1881..

    Intro-T1.p65 8/16/02, 9:52 AM19

  • 21

    (Abel) , .(18781953), . . . ; 1902. * ; (Revuebiblique) . * . . . , . * . , . * . . (Gographie de laPalestine, vol. 12, ., 193338) . * . *. * . (Le livre deJosu, P., 1950) 12 (Leslivres des Maccabes, P., 1948) . * (Etudesbibliques) 12 . (Les livres des Maccabes, P.,1949).

    . * *XII . . . . . 2 (Histoire de la Palestine depuis laconqute dAlexandre jusqu linvasionarabe, P., 1952). . , . 4 . .. 7 . .. . . Archives Orientales, 1953, 16; D u v a lA., Catholicisme, P., 1948, t.1; Enc.Kat.,t.1, s.9.

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  • 22

    (Ablard, Abailard) (10791142), . , . . . , ( ). , . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1121), (1140), II. . .

    . . . . (Sicet non), (Commentariorum super sancti PauliEpistolam ad Romanos libri quinque) . * , .. *. ., , , . * . *. *

    . , . , . . * . , . : 1) , 2) . 3) , . , . . ., . , 27:9 11:1213. ,, , . : : , , , , . . , . . . . 1800 . . . , , . , . .

    , . . . , . * , , . (* .), ( ) . . M i g n e. PL, t.178; Opera omnia, P., 1855;Ouvrages indits, d. par V.Cousin, P., 1836;

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  • 23

    Opera..., d. par V.Cousin, vol. 12, P., 184959; . .: , .,1959 ( . ., , . ); , ., 1995. . .., , .12, ., 190910; ., .. , . ., ., 1900, .1; .., .,., 1924; ODCC, p. 34; RGG, Bd.1, S.4.

    (14371508), , ; *,* *. . , *. . . ; , . * 17 18 . . . * . , . , 7 . .. , , (6 .). . , .. (4 ..). . . . . , , ,1914, 12; , .1; NCE, v.1.

    , (1620/211682), . . , .

    . . . 1644 . . 1647 , . *,. , . . , . , . , . . . , , , . 1667 , . , , ,. , . . ( ) . .

    .. . 18 .

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  • 24

    . 17 . 1916.

    . , . . , . , . . , . . , . , , , . . . , , : , , , : , ! ( , .: . 17 .,. 2, ., 1989, . 424). . : . , , . , , , (. , , . 444). . : : , , ? ( ). , .

    , . ., , . , , 1979 ( . .); , ,, .: : 17 ., . 2, ., 1989, . 52379. .., ., .,19002; , . 4, . 351; ..,. . . : 19171953 ., , .10, 1954,. 43546; .., . , ., 1894; ., . , . 2, . 2,. ., 1948.

    (. , ), * * 3 .

    . ... : 1) , ; (1:12:1); 2) ; (2:220); 3) ; (3:119). , . (3:19) .

    . . . : ? , , :

    ?

    ;

    . ,

    :

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  • 25

    ,

    . (1:34)

    . ., . , , , , . (1:611). , , : ? , :

    , ,

    . (2:4)

    . . , . , . . . . , .

    , , . , , :

    , .

    (2:14)

    , , . , , . . , . . , , . , . , , , ,

    .

    (3:1718) ,

    (. . ).

    . . 1 . . .

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  • 26

    . , . , , , , .

    * . ( 1:16). , . , () , , , ( ., , . . , . . ). . , , . . , (. 7:14; 6:33).

    . . 14:3339 , . . , . (.

    , ) () (. 7 . ..). 605 .. , . , . , (609 ..) . .

    ( , 2). 4

    . . 2 .

    ... , : . () (1 Q Hab.), , .1;

    . : .* , , .18, .,184895, ., ., 199395; .* , , .14, ., 1898, 19152; .* ,, . 10, . ., 1897; .* , , .5, .., 19072; .* , M i g n e. PG, t.93; .* , M i g n e. PG, t.126. . * (), .. , . ., 1913; , , , 1914, 1; . * ., . . , , .7; ,.15; . ., . , , 1874, 11; . . [ ..], . . , , 1867, . 2, 11/12; . * (), , ., 1877; .* (), . . , , 1876;, .1, . 8690; * .., .. , ., 1887; C h i l d s, p. 447ff. ( .); L e g l i e ..,Book of Habakkuk, N.Y., 1962; JBC, v.1,p.29699; . .: . ; .

    (Augustinus) ,., . (354430), , , , , .

    . (. , ) () . ( ), ,, . . . ,

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  • 27

    . . .. . . . *. . 383 . . , . (), . . . *, . , * . . . , ( ), , .

    . ( 387). 391 . . . . 39295 . , , . . 395 . . . . .. . . . 15 .

    . : , , . , , . . . 400 270 , . : (Soliloquia) (Retractationes), . ., , , (Confessiones) ( 4 . .).

    . . .: (Quaestiones Evangeliorum), (De sermoneDomini in monte), , , , (Deconsensu Evangelistarum; . .:, .10, ., 1906), , (De Genesi adlitteram, libri, XII; . .: ,.78, ., 189395), (Enarrationes in Psalmos), , . , (De Spiritu et Littera; . .: .,1787), (InJoannis Evangelium tractatus),

    . . . . .

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  • 28

    . (Speculum;. .: ., 1783), 1 (Tractatus inEpistolam Joannis).

    . *, . . , , . . , . . , * , , . , ( , 1, 2, 5).

    ., . . . ., ., , . , , , (, IX, 5). : ... , , . , , , , : (. . ..) [] , , , ( ,

    VII, 21). , .( ) * ( ) . , , , .

    . . . (De doctrina Christiana). , ., : . . , . , ; , . , . , (III, 1).

    . , , , . , . , , . , ., , . . , . , , .

    . , . . : ,

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  • 29

    ; , (, VI, 5). . . . . , , , , ? [] ( , XII, 18, 30). (De civitate Dei, . .: ., 19062,. ., , 1974) . . , . . . . . . ., : ; : , , , ; ; , , (XIII, 21). , . , . , (XVI, 3).

    . . ( ) . , , . M i g n e. PL, t. 3247; Opera omnia, t.111, P., 186465; . .: .

    , , 185253, 14; . ., ., .18, ., 1901152; , ., 1914; ,. .., , 1978, .19; , , 1976, . 15. .., .,., 1984; .., . ., ., 1910;. , . . . , , 1894, 2; .., . . , .,1902; , . 1; * .., , .,18982; ., . . ,, 8, 1982; ., . ., . , , ., 1894; . (), . ., , 1976,. 15; .., . ., .1, .., 1916; .., .. . 5 ., .1. . ., .,1892. . . . .: NCE, t.1,p.1057; . . .

    (18981978), . . (1922); . ( 1943). 1944 . , . . . (1951).

    . . 170 , . . . (.,19703) . . *. .. .. . , () .

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  • 30

    . ; ... (18981978), (), , 1978, 4.

    (., ).... * , , . *, , (. . . ). ... * . 16 49:910, 1416.

    . (). (. 14 . ..). , ( 36:1). 23:7 : , , (23:8) 3 . . (?) ( 14:1320), * .. . , . (597 ..) ( 136:7). . (2 . ..). , .

    . . . , (34); , , , , (114). , , , . . ; , ., .

    , (1521) . . , . , : . .., . , , . .

    ... . . . , 1 . . . . 19 . ., . , , 1894, 1; . * (), . : , , , , 1874; * .., . . .. . , , 1867;* .., . . , .,1909; * . ., ?, , 1885, 34; C h i l d s,

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  • 31

    p. 411 ff.; JBS, v. 1, p. 4435 ( .. . .).

    (.1937), . , , , , . . . . (1961). ( 1966) . . ( 1981), 1987 .. .

    . , . * , . (.: , ., 1971). . .. * , . , ( , ., 1972). . . ( , ., 1973), . . . .,

    . , , . (.. . ). . . (. . . , . .. , ., 1974).

    .. * . (., 1977). . 12 . (. 3, ., 1983), . . , .1 : (. 4) (. 9). , . . . . ( .. ) . (., 1987). 198889 . . * . . . . (1988, 7, 9) (1988, 6). . . .: , .5(; ; ; .), . . . . : ,., 1988.

    (Authorized Version of theBible) . .

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  • 32

    . , , . , , , . , . , . . , . ; (* . ., , . 1, . 7). * . , , . ... (. . ..) (* . ., , . 213). : (, , ,14 ), , (, , , , ,), * *.

    [] , (. . ..) , (* . ., , . 2, . 53).

    . , , , , . M e a d e D.G., Pseudonymity and Canon,Grand Rapids (Mich.), 1987.

    . .

    ( ), . (181276), . . *, .. . (1836), . . . ( ). 1854 . , 1857 . . 1860 ., 1866 . , 1868 . .

    , . * (). , . *. . , . . .. , , ,

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  • 33

    . . . . , . . . . . . (, 1860) . . . , (.,1860), . . . . . . . , ., 1854; , , . ,186771. .., . () (18421870), .13, .,189192; ..[ .], . . ()(18121876), . , 1893; ,. 1, . 25657.

    (. ,, , , ). . * , 2 .

    , . 1 5:1; 6:14, . . , .6 . .. , . . , , . , , I (522486 ..), . , , (520 ..): 1) . .: (1:115); 2) . .: , (2:19); 3) .: : , , (2:1019); 4) . () . (2:2023).

    . . 16 .

    . . , , , , . . , , , . .

    ()

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  • 34

    . , . , , .

    , . , . , , . . . , . (), , , (*). , , . . .: ; .; ; ; ; .

    . : .* , , .14, ., 1898;.* , . . , . .,1897; .* ,, . 5, ., 1857. . .., ., . ., 1914; , . 2 . 1214 . ?, , 1915, 1; . * ., . . , , .7; . * .., .. .. ., , 1867;

    .., . . , ., 1913; , ,.15; JBC, v.1, p.38789 ( . .).

    ( . ), . .*, . (, ). .. . * .

    ( , .. ), , , ., * ( ). . (1776), . . : 1) . . (, );2) . ; 3) . ; 4) , .

    . : 1) * , 2) , 3) . , (. . , , .).

    . , . , , . , , ., , . . . , *

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:44 PM34

  • 35

    . . .:; . . . ( . .) .: .., . ...,, 193649. . . * (UnbekannteJesusworte), . .. : , . 3346; , .: ,. 4, ., 1983; * .., , ., 18982; . * (), . . . ,, 1954, 6; , . , , 1955, 12; , . 1, . 297316; ., , , 1974, 8; RGG, Bd. 1,S. 177.

    () (. 1921), . . . . . . . 1954 . . * . . . . . . . , 1971.

    . * . . . . . . * . .(1973), 103 (. . ), .

    (, 1979). . . , * * . , . . . , . (, 1977) , , . . . , . . 40 50 . . , , . . . . .: , , 1953; . . , , 1959; . , , 1962; , , 1965; , , 1965; , , 1971; , , 1977; ( ), , 1977; , , 1981.

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:44 PM35

  • 36

    !" #$%&', 1962, . 1; WBSA, p. 3.

    , , .(, )* (, ), * . , . , . . . . . . . 1 . (18:1116; 27:13;90:26) . (., 5:2930). , . (2 28:3; 32:35), , . . . ( 16:18).. . . , . 913; .., , ., 1914,. 178, . ., ., 1990.

    (Adam) , . (18761966), . . . . . . 1900 . 1917 . , 1919 . ( 1948).

    . * *. . , . . (Das Wesen des

    Katholizismus, Augsburg, 1924) 11 . , , . . . .

    . (JesusChristus, Augsburg, 1933; . .:, 1961) , , ., , , , . . 16 8 . . . , , , . . , .*, . . , . ,

    +

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  • 37

    , , . Christus unser Bruder, Regensburg, 1926(. .: Christ, Our Brother, L.N.Y.,1931); Una Sancta in Katholischer Sicht, Dss.,1948 (. .: One and Holy, N.Y.L., 1954);Der Christus des Glaubens, Dss., 1954 (..: The Christ of Faith, L.N.Y., 1956). Enc.Kat., t. 1, s. 71; TTS, S. 15662.

    (. ) . .

    (',) , . . (5 .), * . . * . * . . . . ., . . * . . M i g n e. PG, t. 98; . .: Adrians(-.) ... aus neu aufgefundenenHandschriften, Hrsg., bersetzt und erklrtvon F. Goessling, B., 1887. * .., . , , 1900, 11; M e r c a t i G., Pro Adriano, RB, 1914, 8, XI.

    (Eissfeldt) (18871973), . . . . . * *. . (192157). *. (Biblia Hebraica . *

    ) . . , *. .

    . (Einleitung in das AT, Lpz., 1934; Tb.,19764). . . . * . *, * . , * . . , ., *, , L ( . laicus ). , . , . , . , : , , . . , , . HexateuchSynopse, Lpz., 1922; DieGenesis der Genesis, Tb., 19612; KleineSchriften, Bd.16, Tb., 196279. . RGG IDB. Enc.Kat., t.4, s.763; RB, 1958, 65; CBQ,1957, 19.

    (Eichrodt) (18901981), .. . . . ,

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:44 PM37

  • 38

    . 1922 .. , 1934 . .

    . (Theologie des Alten Testaments,Bd.13, Lpz., 193339), 1967 . 7 . ., .. . , *. , . *, . , , . . , , * . . Die Quellen der Genesis von neuemUntersucht, Giessen, 1916; Das Menschenverstndnis des Alten Testaments, Basel,1944 (. .: Man in the Old Testament,Chi., 1951); Israel in der Weissagung desAlten Testaments, Z., 1951; Offenbarung,RGG, Bd.4, S.15991601; Der ProphetHesekiel, Gtt., 1959. * r r i n g t n W., The Path of BiblicalTheolog, Dublin, 1973; RGG, Bd.7, S.52.

    (Eichhorn) (18561926), . . . . A. .. . . (18881900) (190113). . ,

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    . ., *, . , . , . . . . . . . (1775), 1788 , .

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  • 39

    , . *. : , , , , . , , . ,. , , . .

    . ., , . . . . o , . , . , : . (?) . . , *, . . . . , ( , , , ..).

    . . *, * ., *. . , ,

    , ,, ; . . , , ., , . 2 . (. . ). . , * , .. , . . Commentarius in Apocalypsin Johannis,Gtt., 1791; Einleitung in die apokryphischenSchriften des Alten Testaments, Lpz., 1795. * .., . , , 1884, . 23; , payco ,. ., 1894; ODCC, p.449; RGG, d.2,S. 345.

    , (/) (2 .), . . , . * . * , . . , . , . . . , *. , . *, * (.132).

    . LXX, . , , *,

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  • 40

    . . , . . , . . . , * (1897). . . , . . . . , ( 7:14) '0' ( ), , , , . , LXX$12' () . . * , , ., 1871; . * , , .: ,., 1882, .6. , . 1; . , , 1878, 12; * ., . ,, 1872, 21, 22, 28, 30, 40; A b r a h a m sM., Aquilas Greek Version of the HebrewBible, L., 1919; Enc.Kat., t. 1, s. 285; S i l v e rs t o n e A.E., Aquila and Onkelos, Manchester,1931; . *, *.

    D , ( . accommodatio ), . . , . . ., .

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    . .

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  • 41

    . ., *,., * .(The Greek New Testament, 1966). *. . . . ., . . , , ( ). , * *. , . .

    . (Synopsis Quattur Evangeliorum,Stuttg., 1964, 19738). . , . ,

    , . , .

    , , . , * , , * . , ., , .

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  • 42

    , . , , * * (.. ).

    1883 , 1885 .. , , , , (. ). 1894 . . . , . . . (. 14, ., 189194). , . . . , ., 1880;

    , , 1881, 11; . , ., 18924. , , . 1, . 859; , . 1, . 50001.

    . .. , . (2 . ..). * , . (. ). .. * .

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    . .. . .

    ()

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  • 43

    . . . . , . 20 . . , . . 1352 . (), . . . 1353 , 1355.

    C. . . . . : . . (), . , . . , ,

    *. . . . , * . . * , . * . * . .. . * , . * , . * . , , . 3; * .., , .14, ., 190718, . 2, 3, .., 1994; .., : 2 3 ., ., 1981; .., . 1 . 5 . .., ., 1884; * .., , ,1912, 2; [* ..]., , , 1870, 7;* .., , . 1. 4 5 .,., 19043; ., , , 1906, 14; .., , .: . , ., 1893, . 6; , . 1, . 51219; Enc.Kat., t. 1, s. 34748; ODCC, p.356.

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    ().

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  • 44

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    , . ., 1898; , . 2, . 1,. 2534.

    ( ), . (18451919), .. , , , * . . . . . . (1865). ., ., 1878 . . . . , . , . , . 1877 . .. 187881 . . . , , . 1881 . . . . 1888 , , . . . . 1884 . . . . 1889 . 1909 .

    , , . . . 188991 . ( 3 .).

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  • 45

    . ., . . . ., *, , * . ., . . . . , (. 3 . ).

    . (.1,.12, ., 188995) . . , , . .

    , , , ., 1895; Curriculumvitae, . , . 1,. 2, ., 1890 (). . . . . .. (.: .., . ?, , . 12, ., 1980).

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  • 46

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  • 47

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    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:44 PM47

  • 48

    , 4 , , ( , . ). , ., , 4 , . ., . . , . . . . 20 . (. . ).

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    . . , ..

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:44 PM48

  • 49

    . * * . . . . * .., . , .1, .., 1909; ., , . ., ., 1963; ., . , , . ., ., 1963; ., , . ., .,1979.

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  • 50

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  • 51

    . , . , , , . , . . 374 . () . . . . . . ( ). . .. , . . . . 7 .

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  • 52

    , () ()(. , 45). . . . . . . , . ( . , VII). . .. , ., . , . . * .

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  • 53

    , .: . 19 ., .2, ., 1901; * .., . . (), . .,, 1860, 56.

    ( . , , ), . * . . *. . 36 . . . *. , . 2, .309 12.

    . . 12 * , 9, . , . , , .

    . . , , . *, . . . , .

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    . , . ( ), , . , . . .

    ; ?

    ; ?

    (3:8) .

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  • 54

    , . , :

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    (7:1415)

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    . 4 : 1) , , :, , ,, (12); 2) . , (36); 3) , (7:19:10); 4) ( ) (9:1115). .., . , . .

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    . , . , , , , , .. () (4:13; 5:8; 9:56). . , , , , .

    . .

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  • 55

    2) ,, , . , . , , .

    , , ,

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    ., , . .

    ;

    .

    (3:2) , .

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    , , , , , (5:1820).

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    (5:2124)

    , (5:25), , (8:10). , (5:12), , , : , , , .

    ,

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  • 56

    ...

    (8:46) .

    , , . , . . . ( 7:42).

    4) , , , (8:1112). , (8:1314). : , , , , (9:9). :

    ! ; ?

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    : , ,

    ;

    , .

    , ;

    , .

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  • 57

    *, * * . . . . . ( . .).

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  • 58

    ( . ., . , ., , . 9, 1972 . . ).

    . . . 23 . M i g n e. PG, t. 39; . .: , , 1901, 4. . * (),. , . 2, .,18822; , . 1, . 63132; ODCC, p. 46.

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  • 59

    (, . . ., ), , , (. . , ),, , . , , , , ( 12:3). . , . . , , 5:3 6:20. *G e l i n A., Les pauvres de Yahv, P.,19533.

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  • 60

    . ., 19115; , , 1972, 9; (. . ..),, 1990, 23. . . () (.. . . ). , . ., . , . 8, ., 1906(. ., 1992); , .1, . 65660; . * (), . , .13, ., 18822;nc.at., t.1, s. 519.

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    (. , ; , , ), . *, (.,., 22:11; 1:20). .. , , .. ..*, .. , , ,

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  • 61

    (. . , ., 1900), , .. . * .., ... , ., 1914; . . .

    D , , .

    . . . . , , , . . * , , . , , . , . , : ( 28:1; 81:1; 1:6). , . , . (. , , . . , ) , . . , , . ( ), . . (. . . ). * (., III, 6, 5

    ) , , . 3:24 ; 17:11 (. 103:3). . ( 1:4 .). . . , . (.. . , ), ( 6:1 .).

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  • 62

    (, .) , , , , (. . ). (. , , ) . . (?) (. , ) . 16:2028 , , ( . .: ). 1 . (. ) , 6:14. (105:3638; 1 10:20) . .. (., ., 10:18). * ., , , . 2; , , . 2; * .., , , 1929; * . ., . . , .,1900; * .., , . , . . , , 1922, 23; C, .1923, 4648, 989993; .. .: D a v i d s o n G., Dictionaryof Angels, L.N.Y., 1967; nc.at., t. 1,s. 54952.

    D . .

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  • 63

    . (*, * .), (*, *, .*) . . *. . *.

    20 . . . (*, * .); * *. *. *, , , . .

    197080 . (* .) * * , . . . , . *.

    . . * (* , *,.*, *, *). . . (*, *).

    2 . 20 . . . (*,* .) . (*, *, *), *. , .

    . .. .

    (JBC), . . (NCCS) * , * *. * .

    *.

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  • 64

    . , , , , . , . , .

    , . * . . . . . , ., , . , , , .

    , (., , , , , , ). , ( ,, . 23). . ; ; , . 3; ; , . 6; , . 7; , . 15; ; ;, . 17; , . 19; ; ; ; , . 20; , . 26; , ., 1914 (. .). . , . 2, . 4, . 77; ,. 2; , . 1, . 75556.

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  • 65

    , c. , . * ,. * , . * . * . : , , ().

    . ; , .. (). . : , .,1909, . . M i g n e. PG, t. 106; S c h m i d J.,Untersuchungen zur Geschichte desgriechischen Apokalypsetextes, Tl.1, Mnch.,1955. , . 1, . 764; *Z a h n T., DieOffenbarung des Johannes, Lpz., 19243,S. 10618 (Kommentar zum NeuenTestament, Bd.18); nc.at., t. 1, s. 539.

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    .. (;52'

  • 66

    .

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  • 67

    D, * . *, 16080. . . . .,, . . . 3 . * , . .

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    . . * . * . *H a r n a c k A., ltesten EvangelienProloge und die Bildung des NeuenTestaments, in: Sitzungsberichte derPreuischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,B., 1928. Q u a s t e n. Patr., v. 2, p. 21011.

    . . ( . 4' , ',5 ) , .

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  • 68

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    4 . .. . : 10:2,4 ( ) 27:13 (. 66:19). (332) , . . * . . , . . * . , (. . ). (.12 ), . . , .. 70 . 2 . .. IV (175164) . , . , ( ). .

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  • 69

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  • 70

    , , . , ; 7) . ( ), .

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    . . 1920 . , . , (. .) . . * (., ., . . .., ., 1910); . . . * (., .* (). .. ., , 3.. * : (Bible pournotre temps, ToursP., 1970) (Vrit et posiede la Bible, prsentes en images par G.Lessing, P., 1969).

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  • 71

    ; ). . : (., 1964) (., 1962).

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  • 72

    . , ., 1891;, .14, ., 190006; , , 1903, 11; , , 1904, 11; , , 1914, 18; , . ., 1917; ,, 1917; . . . , , 1928. . , . 1, . 31330; . (), ., . , . 117,, 195669 (. 1117 . .); nc.at., t.3, s. 26769.

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  • 73

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  • 74

    . ( 1:2627), , , , ,, ; . . , . , ( 8), , (. , ). (. , ). , , . (. , ) (. , ), , . . ( . *, ). (., ). , , . () , ( 103:29).

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  • 75

    : , (. . , ., 1990). . ( ,. ., ., 19172), . ( , . ., ., 1913) * ( ).

    . . , ,. , , ( ). , . , , ( ). (10) (. 25 1:10; . 10 ,, *: 41:8; 6:6; 9:317 .). ( 7:13) * ( 5253), . ( 5:1221; 1 15).

    . . . (. =5) , , , , (1 6:15, 19). , . . (. >6) . ,

    . , (.7?), . (., 5:19). , . , . , (1 2:14; 2 11:18). (.$'5 ). (.. . ) (1 5:23).

    ( 4:24), , , . , . . , . , , ( 8:2022). ., . , ., 1904; ., , ., 1900; ., , , 1929; .., , , 1900, 1719; . ., , ,1988, 153; . ., . .: [FilipiakM., Biblia o czlowieku, Lublin, 1979] ,1979, 12; . (), . , , 1950 ( .); * ., , . ., ,

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  • 76

    1973, 12; .., . ,, . 8, 1972; , . , , . ., 1991; . (), , ,, , 1978, . ., 1993;* ., , .12,., 18981903; * .., , ., 1883; , . 124655; .., . . .. , .,1916; . * .., . , , .,1899; .., . , , ., 19022; B e r k o u w e r G.C.,Man: The Image of God, Grand Rapids(Mich.), 1962; *G e l i n A., LHomme selonla Bible, P., 1968 (. .: The Conceptof Man in the Bible, L., 1968); *K m m e lW.G., Man in the New Testament, Phil.,1963; Enc.Kat., t.1, s. 69094.

    ( .3'.$ 5 ) , , . . ( 11:5; 6:6. 14:31; 33:16; 3 8:24 ..). . , . . , . ( 4:24). (33:23), (40:25). , (55:89). , ( 6:5).

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    * : 1) , . *, , (. * , , XIII, 2); 2) . , * , , , ; , , 3) , , . . . * (), , ., 1878, .3; . (), . , ., 1904; *D a n i l o u J., Dieu etnous, P., 1963; *D e n t a n R.C., TheKnowledge of God in Ancient Israel, N.Y.,1968.

    ( .3'.$ ) . . . , .

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  • 77

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  • 78

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    . , . ., . ( , ), . . *. * .., , .: , . 2, .,1911; , . 1; RGG, Bd 1, S. 463; *R o w l e yH.H., The Relevance of Apocalyptics. AStudy of Jewish and Christian Apocalypsesfrom Daniel to the Revelation, N.Y., 19643;. . , *, . *, * . . .

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  • 79

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  • 80

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  • 81

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  • 82

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  • 83

    . 24 . ., . . .

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  • 84

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    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM84

  • 85

    , ., 1933; , .: , ., 1916; * .., , ,1916, 712; . , .,1914; . , ., 1912; . , ., 19122; (. . . . . ..),., 1987; ,., 18952, ., , 1992; * .., . . , ., 1872; ,. . ,., 1890; . * . (.), , .14, ., 18881911:.1: . , . 2: . , , . 3: ,. 4: , ; .., , ., 1910;* .., , .: , ., 1972; , , 1978; Apocrypha andPseudepigrapha of the Old Testament,vol. 12, Ed.by R.H.*Charles, N.Y.Oxf.,1963; vangiles apocryphes, d. F. Qur,Seuil, 1983; The Apocryphal New Testament,Ed. by M.R.James, Oxf., 1924; TheApocryphal Old Testament, Ed. by H.Sparks,Oxf., 1984. . ., . , , 1871, 1, 7; 1872, 6; .., , , 1885, 12;* ., , , .11, .3607; * ., . , ,1899, 2,3,5,8; ., , .: , . ., ., 1908; .., : , , 1877, 12; *

    .., . (1 Q Gen. A. XXII,31), ., . 26 (89), 1978; * .., , ., 1912; * .., . (Oidai Solomontos) A.Harnacka . , , 1912, 5; * ., , , .2, .895902; ., , .: . ,. ., ., 1908; . * .,. . , , . 11, 1957; . , ., ,1861, 12; * ., . ., ,, 1864, 11, 12; [* ..], ., , 1888, 1; [* ..], , , .1; .., . , ., 1984; * .., .. , .: , ., 1965, . 86; .* (), ., . , , 1872, 12; * .., . . , . ., 1896; . . .,.1: . , ., 1860; ., . , .: , ., 18952; * .., . . , , 1894, 1/2, 7/8, 11/12; * .., , ., 1980;. * , .

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  • 86

    , ., 1873; * ..,. . . , ., 1893; .., . , , 1908, 4. . ., , .:, .12 ( .); A m i o t M.F. et D a n i e l R o p s,vangiles apocryphes, P., 1952; C h a r l e sw o r t h J.H., The Old TestamentPseudepigrapha and the New Testament,Camb., 1985; D a l m a i s I.H., Les apocrypheset limaginaire chrtien, BTS, 1973, 154;D i m i e r C., The Old Testament Apocrypha,L.N.Y., 1964; Enc.Kat., t. 1, s.75870; JBC,vol 2, p.53560; NCCS, p. 10914; RGG, Bd.1, S. 472; *T o r r e y C., The Apocryphalliterature, New Haven, 1945; c. .:. ; ; . ; .

    ($'7), . (. 310 .390), , , *. . . . (.). . . . 360 . . . . * . *.

    . * . 370 . , . . , . , ., , , , ; . . .

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    . *,. . ( , 104). (M i g n e. PG, t.33). , . ., . . ( , . , V, 18). . . *. , , ,, , . , . . , . . , * . * .., , ., 1918, .4; ,. .: [ .. . . . , .., 1895] , 1908, 8/9; * ., , . .,.1, ., 1912; , . 3; , . 1, .9379;* .., . . . , . ., 1895,., ., 1994; ., . , ., 1910; . .. .: Quasten. Patr., v. 3, p. 37783.

    , . *, , , . . . ( )

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  • 87

    . . . . , * (1564).

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    D ( . 4$, ) , , .

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    , ). . , . , , , . ; * (), (. 6:1 .).

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  • 88

    , . , (55:9). .

    , , , , ( 1:18). * ., , ., 1917; .., . . , , . 8, 1972; , . , ;O t t o R., Das Heilige, Breslau, 19204 (..: The Idea of the Holy, L., 1957).

    (. 4$,5), , . . * (. . ) , , *, ., .

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    , (16 .) . 20 ., , * . . , * , . . . , , , . . (. .: , , , , ,, , , , ; .: , , , ,, , , ).

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM88

  • 89

    , . . .(. .: ; ; ). * ., , , .: . ., . : ,., 1895; * .., , ., 1967; * ., , , . 14;. ., , , 1989, 3; K h l e r L.H.und *B a u m g a r t n e r W., Lexicon inVeteris Testamenti Libros, vol. 12, Leiden,195153; *B l a c k M., An Aramaic Approachto the Gospels and Acts, Oxf., 19672; S e g e r tS., Altaramische Grammatik, Lpz., 19863

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    . .

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    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM89

  • 90

    * . ., . , , . . . ., . . * . . , ( .. *) . 1795 . . . . . Opera Theologica, Lugduni Batavorum,1629; . .: The Works of JamesArminius, vol. 13, L., 182575. , . 1, . 1043; .., . , . ., ., 1891,. 2; B a n g s C.., Arminius. A Study in theDutch Reformation, Nashwill, 1971.

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    (18881977), . . , . . . . 1910 . . . 191012 . 1915

    ()

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  • 91

    . . 1920 , . 192638 . . . . 1948 . (), .. . . II * c.

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    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM91

  • 92

    (1895), . . . , , . . ( .). 1905 . . . 1911 . . ( ), , . .

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    ( . 46: , , ) , . , ., . . .. , . ,

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  • 93

    . . . . , . .

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    * .., . .,. ., .12, ., 18711874; * ., , . .,, 1879; ., . . , . ., ., 1900;* .., . ., ., 1913 ( . .).

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  • 94

    . . (17751853), 1835 . . . (181095) . . 4050 . 19 . . . , . (. .. , *, * .).

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    , .12, ., 192324; ., : , , . ., ., 1963; ., , . ., ., 1980; .., , . ., ., 1962; , , , , . .,., 1963; ., , . ., .,1968; .., .., , ., 19562; ., , . ., .,1984; .., .., , ., 19672; .., , ., 1960; , . , ., 1962; ., , . ., ., 1965.. . . . .

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  • 95

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  • 96

    , . . ). . ( ., ). , *. . , (. , .1, ., 19893, . 245). .

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    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM96

  • 97

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    . . . . 19 . ( . * .). . .. . * . . . . *, * , *.

    1. .)

    (, , .) , . 13 . .. , . . , . . , 9 . .., . .* , 13 . .. ( )

    . , 6 . . .

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  • 98

    . , .

    ) 192629 , . . , .( ..)

    ) . (), * (10 . ..).

    ) * () . . , . ., .

    ) . 20 . (), , (1937).

    ) , , ( ) . . (

    . , , , ). II (8 . ..), . .

    ) 1868 . . () 9 . .. . .

    ) 1880 . , (.).

    ) 30 . 20 . . .* (). . , . . , , . . , , .

    . 8 . . .

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM98

  • 99

    ) 1962 4 . .. , . . , , .

    ) * 1947. , , , (130 ..).

    2. .) 1961

    , , , .

    ) . ( 5 . ..). . . , . ..

    ) . . . *(1955)

    , . .

    ) * () . , ,. 1968 . , , , , .

    ) 1959 . . * ( 5:2) , .

    ) . . * , . . , . . , , .

    .. , 1578 . (),

    , , . 1961 ..

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM99

  • 100

    . 14 . 4,3 1,1 . . 1898 .. , . : , , , . , , . . , , .

    . ,

    , . ( ). 1204 . , (. ., ., , , 1984, 12; W i l s o n J., TheTurin Shroud, L., 1968; W e a v e r ..,The Mystery of the Shroud, NationalGeographic, 1980, 6). . (), . ., ., . ., , 1988, 15; * .., .., , , 1963, 3; , , , 1879,. , 24, 7; .., , , : . . , .,, 1989; .., . , , 1884, 10,11, 1885, 3, 68, 12; . . . [.* A..], . . , ,1873, 9; ., , , , 1937, 1; .., , .,1914; , V . .., ., 1915; . * .., . . ., ,1901, 11, 12; * ., , . ., ., 19125; ., , . ., ., 1915; * .., . , , 1896, 8; * .., . , ., 1914; . * (), ., .1,

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM100

  • 101

    .12; ., 188384; ., . , . , ., 1966; .., . , , 1946, 4; .., : , ., 1968; . * ., . , ., 1881; ., . , ,1937, 1; * .., . , ., 1875; , . , ., 1895; .., , ., 1903; .., . ., , 1915, 46, 10; . . ., ,, 1905, 8, 9, 12, 18, 19, 23, 24; ., , . .,., 1899; .. [*], ., , 1898, 3; . [* .],. . , , 1873, 10; , . ., , 1877, 11; .., ., . ., , 1888, 3; .., . XV . .. , , 1896, 10; , XV . .. , , 3; , , ,1900, 10, 11; * .., . , ,1912, 11; * .., , , 1887, 7/8; , , , 1899, 3; * ., . , ,1910, 2; .,

    ?, . ., , 1965; * .., ( . ):. , ,1961, 57; . . [* ..],. . , , 1889, 11/12;. ., , , 1894, 9; ., , . ., ., 1966;* .., . .. : . XIIIXIV, 23, , 1884, 3/4; , . , , 1884, 7/8;*A l b r i g h t W.F., The Archaeology ofPalestine, Harmondsworth, 1960;Archeologia Palestiny, Pozna n, 1973;Archaeological Encyclopedia of the HolyLand, Ed. by A. Ngev, L., 1972; B a r d t k eH., Bibel, Spaten und Geschichte, Lpz.,19712; *N o r t h R., Biblical Archeology,JBC, v. 2, p. 65370; B l a i k l o c k E.M.,Cities of the New Testament, L., 1965; F i n eg a n J., Light from the Ancient Past,Princeton, 19592; *K e n y o n K.M.,Archaeology in the Holy Land, L.N.Y.,19652; *P r i t c h a r d J.B., Archaeology andthe Old Testament, Princeton, 1958;*W r i g h t G.E., Biblical Archaeology, L.,1962. . *, *, .*, *, *,* . ;; . ; .

    (18251906), . . . .. , 1856 1865 . 1850 . 1867 . . . 1863 , ., *

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM101

  • 102

    . , 1869 , . . (., 1882). . (.,1889). , ., 1882; , ., 1882; , ., 1882; : , .,1883; , ., 1899. , . 4.

    (Astruc) (16841766),. , . . . () ., ( ) . . 1703 . , ( 1731) .

    . , . , , , (Conjectures sur lesmmoires originaux dont il parat queMose sest servi pour composer le livre deGnse) . (Bruxelles, 1753). . . . .: .

    . * , *

    , * ., . , *, * 1711 , , . . : .. , * . *, , , (, , , . . ). , ., : , ; , , , , .

    ., . , . . , , , *

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM102

  • 103

    .. , ., , , , ; , .

    . , . , , . . (, .). , . . , . , (). , 10 , , , , . .

    . . , , , , . , . . . 19 . . . .. , . 3; *L o d s A., Jean Astruc et lacritique biblique au XVIIIe sicle... avec unenotice biographique par Plphand ry,Stras.,1924; ODCC, p. 100.

    . . . .,

    . ; , , , , .

    . . 7 ., . , . ... (., 1872) . . . , ..*, 10 . . * (. . ). , . . . . * (R o w l e yH.H. ed., Atlas de la Bible, P., 1969; : Students Bible Atlas,Cleveland, 1965) , *.

    . . (., 1906), 230 *. (.13, ., 189698) . . *. , , . : (, 1923; . .1958, , . . ). * *.

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM103

  • 104

    . .* .

    .. .. (., 1911). 15 , . (., . , .). . . . *, . (. ., Atlasof the Bible, L., 1956). : . , . , . , . . . . (. . ). . , , . (J o n e s C.M.,Old Testament Illustrations, L., 1971). . . . (C o n d o r G.R.,Illustrated Bible Geography, L., 1956), . . (*W r i g h t G.E., *F i ls o n F.V., The Westminster HistoricalAtlas to the Bible, L.Phil., 1946).

    . L e m a i r e P., B a l d i D.,Atlante Storico della Bibbia, Torino, 1955;Oxford Bible Atlas, Ed. by H.G. May, L.,1962; . . . . . .

    ( . attributio ) , * . . .: 1) . ; 2)

    ; 3) (, , . ), , ;4) , . .. . .: ; . ; .

    . .

    (Oursler) (18931952), . . .

    . ; 45 . 1943 .

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    ('7@ ; A2) , . (. 295373), , . . .. . 319 . I * (325). 328 . . , ( 15

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM104

  • 105

    ). . . .. , . , , . . .. . , . .

    . .. . 18 2 .

    .. :

    1) . . .. . , . . ... , , , , (II). , . ..,

    , : , , . .. . (XIV), .

    2) . , ., , , . . . . ; , ( ). 148 . .

    3) . , . . . , . , . (. . (), . ,, 1967). M i g n e. PG, t. 2528; . .: , .14, ., 185154; . , . , , 1842, 1. . (),. : , . ., , 1895; . * .., . . ., . , .., 1902; , . 2,. 163176; .., . ,.., 1904; .., . . ., . ., , 1971,.7; , . . .

    .. . 16 .

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM105

  • 106

    , , 1973,. 11; Q u a s t e n. Patr., v. 3, p. 2079; . . . .

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    ,. (18931966), . .. . . ., . . 1915 . . 1920 , . . *. *. 1930 . . . .

    . . . 1940 . . . , .

    . (, 1971). . . , . , . . , , . , ... , , , , .. , (. 30203). . . *,

    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM106

  • 107

    . . *. . . . ., . . , , . 6, 1948; , , 1952; , , . 10, 1955. ., , .: , , 1971; , NicolasAfanassieff, Contacts, 1965, 66.

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    . . , .

    , (.). , . . , * . . . , , 12 .. . : * . Aphraatis sapientis persae demonstrationes, Patrologia Syriaca, Accurante R.Graffin., Pars 1, . 12, P., 18941907; ..: , , 1827, . 26; , , 1837,. III; , , 1839, . II; , , 1839, . IV; , , ,1842, . 1; . , , , , 1843, . 4. , , 1986, . 27, . 32728; ,. 2, . 155; .., , ., 1979; .., IV ., , 1931; nc.at., t.1, s.131;S c h w e n P., Afrahat, B., 1907.

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    a.p65 8/15/02, 3:45 PM107

  • . . . .

    . . (Annales Veteriset Novi testamenti, 165054). , . , . . *, . * .. . * * . , 4004 .. , ., 1701 * 1719 .

    . . . , * . , . . . * , . . . , 40 . . . , 23 9 . . The Whole Works, vol. 117, Dublin,184764. *K n o x R., James Ussher, Archbishop ofArmagh, Cardiff, 1967; ODCC, p.1419; . . .

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  • 109

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    b.p65 8/15/02, 3:43 PM109

  • 110

    (1855 . 1920), . . . .. . . 1881 ., . . .

    . .. . . (., 1907) . . . . , .. * 4 2 , . . . . . , . * . 4 *, ., , . , .. , ., , , , , , I , II (. 337). 4 . . : . , , 1910, 19/20;. , , 1911, 6. * ., . .:[ . , ., 1907] , 1910, 9.

    , .(181995), . . . . , . (1843). . , .. , (. . . . ). , . (1 .: , . ...,, 1857), 36 (35 ., ., 1913) (. 1 . .). , . 2, . 24951; , . XI, 1957;R., . .: (),, 1895, 2.

    (Beischlag) (18231900), . .. , .. . .. . 1856 , 1860

    b.p65 8/15/02, 3:43 PM110

  • 111

    . . . . , .

    . * . . , * (ber das Leben Jesu vonRenan, B., 1864), .

    ? (Welchen Gewinnhat die evangelische Kirche aus denneuesten Verhandlungen ber das LebenJesu zu sieben?, B., 1864) (DasLeben Jesu, Bd.12, Halle, 188586) . . . . , , .

    . , . .*, . , .. . Neutestamentliche Theologie, Bd.12,Halle, 189192 (. .: New TestamentTheology, vol. 12, Edin., 1895). . . : Aus meinemLeben, Bd.12, Halle, 189699. , . 2, . 35758; RGG, Bd.1, S.111617.

    ..

    ..

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    b.p65 8/15/02, 3:43 PM111

  • 112

    , , ,, , ). 197678 .

    . (The Semantics of Biblical Language,L., 1962), . . . . . , , , , . ., . . (, 6 ). Biblical Words for Time, L., 1962; Old andNew in Interpretation, L., 1966; ComparativePhilology and the Text of the Old Testament,Oxf., 1968; The Bible in the Modern World,L., 1973; The Scope and Authority of theBible, Phil., 1980; . .: , , 1981, 6. T u r n e r M., C o t t e r e i l l P., Linguisticsand Biblical Interpretation, Downers Grove,1989; S i l v a M., Biblical Words and TheirMeaning, Grand Rapids (Mich.), 1983.

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    . .

    . . , , . , , . . . (The Signs of an Apostle, L., 1970) . , . . . , , . Reading through Romans, L.Phil., 1977;Freedom and Obligation: A Study of theEpistle to the Galatians, L., 1985. . . .

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    b.p65 8/15/02, 3:43 PM112

  • 113

    ; , . . ( * *), , * , . .

    . , . . . (), . (Der Rmerbrief...,Bern, 1919), ( , *).

    192135 . ( , , ). , , , . , , . . . . . , ( ., .. ; . . ), . , . . (Kirchliche Dogmatik,Bd.14, Z., 193270).

    , . . , ( ). . , . , . . *, . . , , 16 . , . , . . . ;, . .

    b.p65 8/15/02, 3:43 PM113

  • 114

    , ., . , . . . , , . , , . . , , , *. . . . . , . . , . . .

    . , . , 19 . , , ( * . ), , . *. . , , . . , . , .,

    . , , . : , , , , . , , , , .

    . . . (. *), . Der Rmerbrief, Bern, 1919; Erklrung desPhilipperbriefes, Mnch., 1928; Credo,Mnch., 19353 (. .: , . ,1946); How I changed my Mind, Richmond,1966; . .: , .: . , .1, ., 1973; , ; , . .., , .,1971; ., ., , 1972, 9; ., . : ., , 1988, 5; ., ,! ( .), , 1988, 12; * ., ( .),, 1925, 1; B u s c h E., Karl BarthsLebenslauf, Mnch., 1975; C a s a l i s G.,Portrait of Karl Barth, Garden City (N.Y.),1963; *K n g H., Rechtfertigung: Die LehreKarl Barths und eine katholische Besinnung,Einsiedeln, 19572 (. .: Justification:The Doctrine of Karl Barth and a CatholicReflection, L.N.Y., 1964); P a r k e r T.H.L.,Karl Barth, Grand Rapids (Mich.), 1970;RGG, Bd.1, S.89498; TTS, S. 26469.

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  • 115

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    . . (Reading the Old Testament: Methodin Biblical Study, L., 1984), . . , ., * * , * , * . . . , , . Natural Law and Poetic Justice in the OldTestament, Journal of Theological Studies,1979, v. 30; Amoss Oracles against theNations, Camb.N.Y., 1980; Ethics in Isaiahof Jerusalem, Journal of TheologicalStudies, 1981, v. 32, ; Biblical Interpretation,Oxf., 1988 (with R.Morgan); People of theBook? The Authority of the Bible inChristianity, Phil., 1988. WBSA, p. 14.

    (Baumgartner) (18871970), . . . ( ) (); . . . ( 1920), . ( 1928) (192958).

    . ., . .