1

11

Sichuan University

Amino Acids, Peptides and ProteinsAmino Acids, Peptides and Proteins

2 15

-

- 20H+OH-

3 15

R-CH-CH2-COOH R-CH-COOH NH2 NH2

- -

R-CH-COOHNH 2

--

4 15

-

1.

-

2. R

R-CH-COOHNH 2

5 15

Gly

Ala

Tyr

-NH2-COOH

NH2 NH2CH2-COOH CH3CHCOOH HO- -CH2CHCOOH

NH2

H2N-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH-COOHNH2

Lys

6 15

--

HOOC-CH2CH2CH-COOHNH2

Glu

2

7 15

(CH3)2CHCH(NH2)COOH

(CH3)2CHCH2CH(NH2)COOH

C2H5CHCH(NH2)COOH

CH3

C6H5CH2CH(NH2)COOH

CH3CHCH(NH2)COOH

OH

CH3S(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH

H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH

CH2CH(NH2)COOH

NH

8 15

-

-

D/L

L- L-L-

COOH

H2N H

CH3

COOH

HHO

CH3

COOH

H2N H

R

9 15

L R/S

S-R-

L-R-

L- L-

COOH

H2N H

CH3

COOH

HHO

CH2SH

S- L-

10 15

1.1. (1)

--COOH-NH2

R-CH-COOH + HCl R-CH-COOHNH2 NH3Cl+

-

R-CH-COOH + NaOH R-CH-COO Na + H2ONH2 NH2

+-

11 15

-NH2 -COOH

200

NH2 NH3R-CH-COOH R-CH-COO

+

-

12 15

III I II

NH2R-CH-COOH

H2O

H2O +NH3R-CH-COO

-

NH3OH + R-CH-COOH

+

-

NH2R-CH-COO + H3O

- +

-NH3 -COO -IIIIIpH7

+

(2) (2)

3

13 15

IIIIIII

III

pHpI

III I II

NH2R-CH-COOH

H2O

H2O +NH3R-CH-COO

-

NH3OH + R-CH-COOH

+

-

NH2R-CH-COO + H3O

- +

14 15

pH

15 15

pH=5.5~6.3

pH=2.8~3.2

pH=7.6~10.6

16 15

-

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

O

N=CNH2

+ R-CH-COOH

O

O

OHOH2

O

O + CO2 + RCHO

OH

2. 2.

17 15

N----

18 15

O

O

N

O

O

O

O

OHOH + H2N-CH-COOH

RO

O

N CHR

COOH-2H2O

CH

O

O

N CHR-CO2

CH

O

O

NH2

H2O

-RCHO

O

O

OHOH

O

N

O

O

OH

4

19 15

R-CH-COOH + HNO2 R-CH-COOH + N2 + H2ONH2 OH

RNH2 + HNO2 ROH + N2 + H2O

Van Slyke

3. 3.

20 15

R-CH-COOH + HCHO R-CH-COOH + H2ONH2 N=CH2

4. 4.

21 15

-

R-CH-COOH R-CH2-NH2 + CO2NH2

Ba(OH)2

NH2(CH2)4CHCOOH NH2(CH2)4CH2-NH2 + CO2NH2

5. 5.

22 15

-

(CH3)2CHCH2CHCOOH (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + NH3 + CO2NH2

6. 6.

23 15

-

CHC

OH

O

R

NH2

+ CHC

HO

O

R

NH2

CHC

HO

O

R

NH2 H2O NH

HN O

R

R

O_

7. 7.

24 15

C

O

N

H

5

25 15

, , , .

-

H+OH-

26 15

51

8

-

27 15

N-C-

H2NN-COOHC-

H2NCH2COOH + H2N-CHCOOH

CH3

H2NCH2-C-NH-CHCOOHCH3

O

H2NCH-C-NH-CH2COOHCH3

O

a

b

....

.......

b

a

28 15

O OH2NCHCNHCHCNHCH2 COOH

CH2-CH2-COOH CH2SH

29 15

-

C-N-

30 15

H2NABCDECOOH

XNHABCDECOOH

X

N-C-

XNHACOOH + NH2BCDECOOH

11

6

31 15

(a) 24-

N-

NO2- -F

NO2HF

O O+ H2N-CH-C-NH-CH-C-NH--COOH

R R

NO2-

NO2-NH-CH-C-NH-CH-C-NH--COOH

OO

R R

HCl

R

NO2-NO2

-NH-CH-COOH + H2NCHCOOH +

R

(1) N(1) N--

32 15

,

SC

C

N

CHR

NH

O

C6H5

+ H2N-CH-C-NHCOOHO

R/

R R/C6H5-N=C=S + HNH-CH-C-NH-CH-C-NHCOOH

O O

pH=8~9

OOS

C6H5NH-C-NH-CH-C-NH-CH-C-NHCOOH

R R/

HCl()

(b) (b) (())

33 15

(a)

C-

C-NH-CH-C-NH-CH-COOH

R

O

R

O

H2O

CNH-CH-C-OH + NH2-CH-COOH

R

O

RC-

~~~~

C-

O

(2) C(2) C--

34 15

(b) (b)

35 15

(50-55)6.7-7.3

19-2413-19

0-4

36 15

1

2

()

7

37 15

38 15

3

39 15

40 15

41 15

11

42 15

-

-

H-N C=O H-NC=O

..- +

C=O-NH

22

8

-

44 15

-

-

47 15

--

48 15

- -

33

9

49 15

50 15

44

51 15

1, 2 ,1,2

52 15

53 15

54 15

pH

NH3+P COOH

PCOO-NH2

PNH2

COOH

NH3+P COO-

OH-OH-H+ H+

11

10

55 15

22

56 15

57 15

58 15

-OH

H-OH

-

H-OHC -NH

O

H-OH

C -NH

O

NH2

H-OH

1~100nm

-NH2-COOH-OH

33

59 15

1NaClNH4)2SO4Na2SO4

2

H2O

3Hg2+Cu2+Pb2+Ag+

Ag++NH3COO-

P PNH3COOAg

+

60 15

1

CuSO4NaOH

2

HNO3

()HNO3

4 4

11

61 15

3

6262

Sichuan University

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