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姜 欣 濉 博士
인삼효능과 장내미생물인삼효능과 장내미생물
1st July 2011
高 丽 人 参高 丽 人 参Panax ginseng C.A. Panax ginseng C.A.
MeyerMeyer
Rhizome 뇌두 腦頭
Fruit 열매 果實
山蔘 (Wild Ginseng)
(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)
Peduncle 꽃대 花柄 Branch 가지 枝
Leaf 잎 は
Stalk 대 莖
Browse 새싹 筍
Root 삼근 蔘根
Ginseng root ring 가락지 蔘根指輪
Tertiary root 잔뿌리 細根
紅蔘 (Red Ginseng)
高丽人参高丽人参 (Korean Ginseng)
(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)
黑蔘 (Black Ginseng)
Steaming
Repetitive
Steaming
Shape of ginseng
Classification Contents(%) Note.
Saponin
Organic
Ginsenoside - Pharmacological
materials
3 ~ 6
Protopanaxadiol ginsenoside
Protopanaxatriol ginsenoside
Oleanolic acid ginsenoside
over 30 compounds
identified
Non-
Saponin
Carbohydrate 60~70Polysaccharides
(mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-), Fiber, pectin
Nitrogen-containing compound
12~16Protein, Peptides, Amino acid, Nucleic acid, Alkaloids
Fat-soluble compound
2
Lipids, Fatty acid, Essential oils, Phytosterols, Organic acids, Phenolics, Polyacetylenes, Terpenes
Water-soluble compound
0.05 Water-soluble Vitamines
Non-
Organic
Ash content
Water
4
9~11Minerals, Water
Composition of dried Ginseng
- Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, indigenous to Korea, has long been a local specialty - Ginseng makes the pharmacological materials via the secondary metabolism
Ginsenosides- A class of steroid-like compounds, triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax- Can be separated by column chromotography- Ginsenoside content can vary widely depending on species, location of growth, growing time before harvest, and methods of processing after harvest
The Classification of Ginsenoside
Protopanaxadiol (PPD) Protopanaxatriol (PPT) Oleanolic acid
PPD Type
Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Rb1,Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd
Rg3, Rh2, Compound-K and so on
PPT Type
Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rf, Rh1,
F1, F3, R1, R2 and so on.
Oleanane Type
Ro
Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1 ~ 90% / total ginsenosides
R1O
1
2
3
45
67
8
9
10
11
1213
14 15
16
17
HOR3O
1819
20
2122
2324
2526
27
29 28
30
HO
1
2
3
45
67
8
9
10
11
1213
14 15
16
17
HOR3O
1819
20
R2
2122
2324
2526
27
29 28
30
COOR21
2
3
45
67
8
9
10
11
1213
14
15
16
17
R1O
18
19 21
30 29
22
2324
25 26
27
20
28
Class of Ginseng Saponin (Ginsenoside)
Korea Ginseng(Panax ginseng
C.A.Meyer)
Chinese Ginseng(Panax notaginseng
F.S.Chen)
American Ginseng (Panax
quinquefolium L.)
Total number of Ginsenosides
38 29 19
PPD type 21 14 13
PPT type 15 15 5
Oleanolic type 2 - 1
PD/PT ratio 1.33 0.99 2.15
Rg1/Rb1 ratio 0.81 1.01 0.10
Reviews in Ginseng Research. I, 277 (2007)
The Superiority of Korean Ginseng
Skin Care
Stress Improvement Brain
Vitalizing
ImmunityCirculation
No. 1 Health Functional Herb
Korean Ginseng
Rg1:Rb1 의 비율에 따른혈관신생능력의 차이
Circulation 110:1219-1225 (2004)
阴 (Yin)
PD 계열
Ginsenoside Rb1
阳 (Yang)
PT 계열
Ginsenoside Rg1
Yin and Yang of SaponinYin and Yang of Saponin
阴 (Yin)
- 진정 작용 - 스트레스 조절 - 항상성 유지 작용
阳 (Yang) - 혈액 순환 촉진 - 생체 활력 증진 - 병후 회복 촉진
음양이 조화로운
고려인삼
최고의 생약
Efficacy of SaponinEfficacy of Saponin
1) 62.5% : Good Bioavailability
2) 37.5% : Bad Bioavailability
Side Effect
20.3%(Diol only)
12.5%(Triol only)
4.5% (None)
62.5%(Diol + Triol)
pyrexia, 發熱 hot flush, 顔面紅潮Increase of heart beat, 心拍增加diarrhea, 泄瀉
Annual meeting & international symposium, The Korean society of food science and nutrition. (2004)
The Individual Variation of The Individual Variation of BioavailabilityBioavailability
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Con
vers
ion
ratio
of G
inse
nosi
des
(um
ol/h
/g)
According to physical constitution,
the efficacy of Ginseng is various to individual.
J. Ethnopharmacol.122, 143 (2008)
Why??
Absorption, distribution Absorption, distribution and metabolism of and metabolism of
GinsengGinseng
(Drug. Metab. Dispos. 31, 1065)
Pla
sma
C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time in hours
Urin
e
Rg1, Rd,Re, Rb2,
RcRh1 Rb1 C-K
F1, Rh1C-K
0~3 h 4~6 h 6~12 h 12~24 h
Rh1
Rb1
C-K
F1 or Rh1
HydratedRh1
HydratedC-K
Ginsenosides and their degradation products
H
OHGlc-O
Glc-O
Ginsenoside Rb1 Ginsenoside RdH
OHGlc-O
Glc(1-2)Glc-O
H
OH
Glc(1-2)Glc-O
Araf(1-6)Glc-O
Ginsenoside RcH
OH
Glc-O
Araf(1-6)Glc-O
Ginsenoside MbH
OHAraf(1-6)Glc-O
HO
Ginsenoside Mc
HO
H
OH
HO
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD)
Glc-O
H
OH
Glc(1-2)
Glc(1-6)
Glc-O
Compound K
Ginsenoside Rb2H
OH
Glc(1-2)Glc-O
Arap(1-6)Glc-O
Compound OH
OH
Arap(1-6)Glc-O
Glc-O
H
OH
Arap(1-6)Glc-O
HO
Compound Y
H
OHGlc-O
HO
Ginsenoside F2
Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Ginsenosides
O-Glc(2-1)Rha
OHGlc-O
HO
Ginsenoside Re
O-Glc
OHGlc-O
HO
Ginsenoside Rg1
OH
OHGlc-O
HO
Ginsenoside F1
O-Glc(2-1)Glc
OHGlc-O
HO
Ginsenoside Rf
HO
O-Glc
OH
HO
Ginsenoside Rh1
HO
OH
OH
HO
Protopanaxatriol (PPT)
Transformation of Protopanaxatriol Ginsenosides
According to Physical constitution, the efficacy of Ginseng is various to individual
Requirement of Processed Ginseng for those who cannot transform the ginsenosides
About 20% of tested persons cannot transform the Ginsenosides
A. Ginsenoside Rb1 → CK B. Water Extract → CK
Max Min Mean±SD
Men 2032.00 41.37 565.24±544.92
Women 2889.87 31.03 786.51±648.95
Total 2889.87 31.03 646.14±591.39
Transformation Activity from Ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K (mol/h/g)
담즙분비
흡수
Ginseng
Ginsenosdies metabolized
by gut microorgani
msms
Absorption
LiverLiverMetabolite
Kidney
Distribution
Biol. Pharm. Bull.27, 1580 (2004)
Gut Microorganism and Bioavailability
뇨
담즙분비
흡수
Ginseng
Ginsenosdies metabolized
by gut microorgani
msms
Feces
Absorption
LiverLiverMetabolite
KidneyUrine
Distribution
The microbes in human intestine differ according to each person – total number and kinds. In same person, they can be changed according to aging and food.
Bacteroidaceae, Eubacterium
Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus
Lactobacillus, E. coli
Streptococcus
Veillonella, Clostridium perfringens
Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 23, 1481 (2000)
Main intestinal bacteria resided in human colon
Recovery of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K of the intestinal tracts and cumulative feces of germ-free and gnotobiotic rats 7 and 15h after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1
nd, not detected
J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 50, 1155 (1988)
Intestinal Microorganism andIntestinal Microorganism and CompoundCompound KK
Change of Compound K and Rb1 concentrations in blood after oral administration of Ginsenoside Rb1, original Korean ginseng saponin,in the rats.
Ginsenoside Rb1 (200 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats, Compound K was detected in the plasma 1,2,4, 7, 15 or 24 h after administration.
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21, 245 (1998)
Ginsenoside into BloodGinsenoside into Blood
Body Absorption and Urinary excretion
after oral administration of Original Ginsenoside.
Ginsenoside Rb1 (50mg) was orally administered into 3 male SD rats and the urine sample was collected periodically at 3h, 6h, 12 and 24h post-dosing.
Compound K (converted and absorbed saponin)
Ginsenoside Rb1 (original ginseng saponin)
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 652 (2005)
Absorbed GinsenosideAbsorbed Ginsenoside
A) Plasma concentration time curve of CK following oral administration of ginseng extracts.
Mean ± S.D.
Cmax(ng/ml)
Tmax(h)
AUC (ng.h/ml)
27.89 ± 24.46
10.76 ± 2.07
221.98±221.42
Distribution of Compound K in Plasma
Compound K is only absorbed into human body through intestines by microorganisms’ work.
It is necessary to be transformed to gain the bioactive Compound K
J. Ethnopharmacol.122, 143 (2008)
Transforming Activities in Transforming Activities in the Human Bodythe Human Body
AA
J. Pharmacol. Sci. 95, 153 (2004)
Ginsenosides and metabolites through Ginsenosides and metabolites through gutgut
Activity of Activity of Ginsenoside Ginsenoside MetaboliteMetabolite
a not detectable
ED50, 50% growth-inhibitory concentration against tumor cells
Reviews in Ginseng Research. I, 82 (2007)
Cytotoxicity of Gensenosides Cytotoxicity of Gensenosides against tumor cellsagainst tumor cells
Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by CK is nearly equal to that
of cyclophophamide, one of the most effective antitumor agent.
J. Asian Natural Products Research. 8, 519 (2006)
IC50, 50% growth-inhibitory concentration against tumor cellsB16-BL6 – Mouse high-metastatic melanoma, HepG2 – Human HepatomaK562 – Human myeloid leukemia, 95-D – Human high-metastatic lung carcinoma
Cytotoxicity of Ginsenosieds Cytotoxicity of Ginsenosieds against tumor cellsagainst tumor cells
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
LLC
Day 0 Day 21 Rb1, 25 mg/kg, p.o.
Inhi
bitio
n of
met
asta
sis
(%)
Rb1-hydrolyzing potential (%)
Lung metastasisRb1-hydrolyzing potential
Association of Rb1-hydrolyzing Association of Rb1-hydrolyzing Potentials with Antimetastatic Potentials with Antimetastatic
activity of Rb1activity of Rb1
The Ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolite Compound K markedly inhibited lung
metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells through oral administration. In contrast,
Compound K only resulted in a significant inhibition of lung metastasis through i.v.
0 100 200 300 400 500
CK (0.5mg)
Rb1 (0.5mg)
Ginseng(1mg)
Control
0 100 200 300 400
CK (0.5mg)
Rb1 (0.5mg)
Control
No. of colonies ± S.D.
**
**
* *
J. Ginseng Res. 31, 1 (2007)
Inhibitory effect on lung Inhibitory effect on lung metastasismetastasis
CK
Ginsenoside Metabolite is Ginsenoside Metabolite is the Active Principlethe Active Principle
Ginsenoside Ginsenoside Compound K ResearchCompound K Research
Primary Tumor Lung metastasis
Inh
ibit
ion
(%
)
ControlCK CDDP(mg/kg)
*
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
5 10 7
1
1
2
CDDPCK (mg/kg)Control
**
*
0
50
00
50
00
5 10 7CK CDDP(mg/kg)
Lung metastasis
Injection of LLC
Day 1: CDDP, i.v.
Day 1-14: CK, p.o.
Effects of Compound K Effects of Compound K on Growth of Primary Tumor and Metastasis to
Lymph Nodes
Effets of compound K on the ear thickness of mice (each 8 heads)
induced by oxazolone (. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, *P<0.05, **P<0.001
Normal (Steroid antiphlogistics)
O + 0.05% betamethasone
O + 0.05% CK
O + 0.02% CK
O + 0.05% Rb1
O + 0.02% Rb1
Oxazolone only (Chemical Allergen for immuno-stimulation)
Immunopharmacology. 5, 1183 (2005)
Inhibitory effect on the ear thickness Inhibitory effect on the ear thickness of miceof mice
Protective effect of orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 and
compound K on t-BHP-induced hepatotocixity in mice
Liver Int. 25, 1069 (2005)
Protective effect on hepatotoxicity in Protective effect on hepatotoxicity in micemice
Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test of groups of mice
which received Saline, Diclofenac (5mg/Kg), Red Ginseng
(250mg/Kg), Compound K (5mg/Kg).
Anti-pain experiment of Ginseng
0
20
40
60
80
Control Diclofenac Red Ginseng CK
Group
Th
e N
um
ber
of
Wri
thin
g
Metabolab Inc. (2009)
Anti-pain effect of Ginseng in miceAnti-pain effect of Ginseng in mice
Inhibitory effect of ginseng and some ginsenosides on mouse
passive cutaneous anphylaxis reaction induced by lgE-antigen
complex. These agents at a dose of 25mg/Kg were orally treated
Noraml Ginseng Rb1 Compound K
Reviews in Ginseng Research. I, 83 (2007)
Inhibitory effect on mouse passive Inhibitory effect on mouse passive cutaneous anphylaxiscutaneous anphylaxis
Con
CK (5uM) CK (10uM)
Rb1 (10uM) Rb1 (20uM)
Compound K decreases the adipocyte differentiation (3T3-L1 Cell line) more than Ginsenoside Rb1
two times concentrationMetabolab Inc. (2009)
Inhibitory effect of Compound K Inhibitory effect of Compound K in Fat cell differentiationin Fat cell differentiation
1. A, B; in vitro assay and C,D; in vivo study in diabetes model mouse
2. Effect of anti-diabetes in diabetes model mouse by Compound K
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 2196 (2007)
Effects of Compound K-Effects of Compound K-Anti-diabetesAnti-diabetes
Ikuo, S., J. Ginseng Res. 31, 1, (2007)
복수
간 종양
나선 종양
2002.8 MRI 2003.3 MRI
75 세 남성 ( 간암)
7 개월 후
농도 (ug/mL)
CK
흑색종
섬유육종
Compound K
Compound K
실험
군 대
비 %
실험
군 대
비 %
Effects of Compound K-Effects of Compound K-Anti-tumorAnti-tumor
H
OHGlc-O
HO화합물 K
(Ginsenoside M1)
항염증 효과항염증 효과Park EK, Shin YW, Lee HU, Kim SS, Lee YC, Lee BY, Kim DH. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K on NO and prostaglandin E2 biosyntheses of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 28:652-6.
간 보호 효과간 보호 효과
피부 보호 효과피부 보호 효과Shin YW, Bae EA, Kim SS, Lee YC, Kim DH. Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K in chronic oxazolone-induced mouse dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 5:1183-91.
당뇨 개선 효과당뇨 개선 효과
Park EJ, Zhao YZ, Kim J, Sohn DH. A ginsenoside metabolite, 20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, triggers apoptosis in activated rat hepatic stellate cells via caspase-3 activation. Planta Med. 2006 72: 1250-3.
Chang TC, Huang SF, Yang TC, Chan FN, Lin HC, Chang WL. Effect of ginsenosides on glucose uptake in human Caco-2 cells is mediated through altered Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 expression. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 55:1993-8.
항암 효과항암 효과Cho SH, Chung KS, Choi JH, Kim DH, Lee KT. Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces apoptosis via caspase-8-dependent pathway in HL-60 human leukemia cells. BMC Cancer. 2009 Dec 18;9:449.
신경 퇴화 보호 효과신경 퇴화 보호 효과
Tohda C, Matsumoto N, Zou K, Meselhy MR, Komatsu K. Ab(25-35)-induced memory impairment, axonal atrophy, and synaptic loss are ameliorated by M1, A metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type saponins. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 29:860-8.
항알레르기 효과항알레르기 효과
Choi K, Kim M, Ryu J, Choi C. Ginsenosides compound K and Rh2 inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of the NF-κB and JNK pathways in human astroglial cells. Neurosci Lett. 2007 421:37-41.
Bae EA, Choo MK, Park EK, Park SY, Shin HY, Kim DH. Metabolism of ginsenoside R(c) by human intestinal bacteria and its related antiallergic activity. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 25:743-7.
Kim DY, Park MW, Yuan HD, Lee HJ, Kim SH and Chung SH. Compound K Induces Apoptosis via CAMK-IV/AMPK Pathways in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57 (22), pp 10573–10578.
Effects of Compound KEffects of Compound K
Fermented Ginseng ResearchFermented Ginseng Research
1. Fermentation with the MicroorganismsMicroorganisms..
2. Incubation with Special EnzymesSpecial Enzymes
: : a few glycosidases can cleave the glycosidic bond in ginsenosides.
3. Modification of pHpH controlling HeatHeat and PressurePressure.
Some glycosidic bond in ginsenosides are more weaker than others.
4. CombinationCombination of above methods.
Ginsenosides
Active Ginsenoside Metabolites
Transformation Methods of Transformation Methods of GinsenosidesGinsenosides
Identification of GinsenosidesIdentification of Ginsenosides
Chromatogram of HPLC
Our HPLC System 1 with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector
Rb1, Rg2, Rh1
Rg1, Re
Rd
Rb2, Rb3
Rc, F1
Rg3
Compound K
PPD
Rk1, Rg5
Compound Y
Rf
Our HPLC System 2 with UV/VIS Absorbance Detector
Ginsenoside Transformation and DegradationGinsenoside Transformation and Degradation
DegradedGinsenosides
Active GinsenosidesRg3, Rh2, Com-K, etc.
Active Ginsenosides
• Intact Ginseng
Ginsenoside Transformation and DegradationGinsenoside Transformation and Degradation
- Metabolab’s Fermented Ginseng
- Hard Physical Treatment
Fermentation
Heat & Pressure
TLC HPLC
Screening the Useful Microorganisms
Lactobacillus alimentarius Identities = 1496/1507 (99%); E value = 0
> M-1 (1559 letters)AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGACGAACGCTGGCGGCATGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGAACTTTCCTTTTGATTGATGCTTGCATCATGATTTAGATCTAAGTGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTGCCCAGAAGTGGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAAGTGCTAATACCGCATAACAACATTAAACACATGTTTTTTGTTTAAAAGATGGTTTTGCTATCTCTTCTGGATGGACCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATAGCTCACCAAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGACCTGAGAGGGTAATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGAAAGTCTGATGGAGCAATGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGTTTTCGGATCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTGAAGAAGAACATATGTGAGAGTAACTGTTCACGTACTGACGGTATTCAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTGTCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGAGAATGTAGGCGGTTCATTAAGTTTGAAGTGAAAGCCCTCGGCTCAACCGAGGAAGTGCTTCGAAAACTGGTGAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGAAAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGGAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTTTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGATTCGAAAGCATGGGTAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATGCCGTAAACGATGAGTGCTAAGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCTGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCACTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGATCGCAAGATTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATACCATGAAAAGCTAAGAGATTAGTCTTTCCCTTCGGGGACATGGATACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATTATCAGTTGCCAGCATTCAGTTGGGCACTCTGGTGAGACTGCCGGTGATAAACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAACGTGTTGCGAACTCGCGAGGGCAAGCAAATCACTTAAAACCGATCTCAGTTCGGATTGCAGGCTGCAACTCGCCTGCATGAAGCTGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCATGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGAGAGTTTGTAACACCCAAAGTCGGTGGGGTAACCCTTCGGGGAACTAGCCGCCTAAGGTGGGACAAATGATTAGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGTAGGAGAACCTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTT
Identification: KCTC Deposited Microorganisms> M-2 (1543 letters)AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTGGCGGCGTGCCTAATACATGCAAGTCGAACGCACAGCGAAAGGTGCTTGCGCCTTTCAAGTGAGTGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGACAACCTGCCTCAAGGCTGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGAATAAAACTTAGTGTCGCATGACAAAAAGTTAAAAGGCGCTTCGGCGTCACCTAGAGATGGATCCGCGGTGCATTAGTTAGTTGGTGGGGTAAAGGCCTACCAAGACAATGATGCATAGCCGAGTTGAGAGACTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCTGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGGCGAAAGCCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGTGTGATGAAGGCTTTCGGGTCGTAAAGCACTGTTGTATGGGAAGAACAGCTAGAATAGGAAATGATTTTAGTTTGACGGTACCATACCAGAAAGGGACGGCTAAATACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTATGTCCCGAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGACGGTTTATTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCGGAGCTCAACTCCGGAATGGCATTGGAAACTGGTTAACTTGAGTGCAGTAGAGGTAAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGGAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTTACTGGACTGCAACTGACGTTGAGGCTCGAAAGTGTGGGTAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACACCGTAAACGATGAACACTAGGTGTTAGGAGGTTTCCGCCTCTTAGTGCCGAAGCTAACGCATTAAGTGTTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGACCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTTTGAAGCTTTTAGAGATAGAAGTGTTCTCTTCGGAGACAAAGTGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTCGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATTGTTAGTTGCCAGCATTCAGATGGGCACTCTAGCGAGACTGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGAAGGCGGGGACGACGTCAGATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGCGTATACAACGAGTTGCCAACCCGCGAGGGTGAGCTAATCTCTTAAAGTACGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGTAGTCTGCAACTCGACTACATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCACGCCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGTCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGTTTGTAATGCCCAAAGCCGGTGGCCTAACCTTTTAGGAAGGAGCCGTCTAAGGCAGGACAGATGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGTAGGAGAACCTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTT
Leuconostoc mesenteroides Identities = 1541/1543 (99%); E value = 0
Paper Study & Broad
Screening
In-depth Screening
Identification & Process
Optimization
- Search for Articles, Patents and etc.
- Screen Candidates with crude ginsenoside
- TLC: qualitative screening
- Classic identification: morphologic character
- Molecular identification: rRNA sequencing
- For the purpose of patent procedure Original Deposit to KCTC
- Optimization
- Monitor biochemical conversion ability of microbes
- Test usable medium, culture condition and etc.
- HPLC: quantitative screening
Selection and Identification of Selection and Identification of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms
Screening of Ginsenosides Transformation
Compound KCompound K
OriginalOriginalGinseng SaponinsGinseng Saponins
Korean Ginseng高麗인삼
醱酵인삼
Timecourse of the Transformation of Ginsenosides by MicroorganismMicroorganism
% Ginsenoside
Rb1 6.92
Rg1 6.67
Rf 4.55
Rh1 9.88
Rg3 5.22
Rh2 0.61
CK 26.89
Other 39.26
Total 100.0
0% 26.89%
20% < Compound K (CK)
Compound K
Standard Profile of Fermented Standard Profile of Fermented GinsengGinseng
- 음양이 조화로운 고려인삼 : 최고의 생약
- 인삼의 생리활성 본체 : 인삼사포닌
- 생체대사 활성도의 차 : 효능의 차이와 부작용
- 생명공학기법을 통한 발효인삼 개발
- 발효인삼의 핵심물질은 Compound K
- Compound K 의 효능 : 항암 , 항관절염 , 항당뇨
병 ,
간 보호 , 항피부노화 , 항뇌신경퇴화 , 항염증 등
- 발효인삼의 항관절염 효능 평가 시험
ResultsResults
감사합니다