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BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
1: .
, . (. 2). .
(. 2,) (. 2) -. (2S) CO2 . . . . S2O32- . () 2S .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
2: .
CO2 . (. 2,) (. 3). . , , , ().
(CO2+ 2) (CO2+ 2S).
,
. . .
3: .
(. 4) ().
: (. 3) : (. 3). . . ( CO3-) .
((NitrobacterNitrobacter))((NitrosomonasNitrosomonas))
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
4: .
3: () Nitrococcusoceani ( 2 m ) () Nitrobacterwinogradskyi ( 0,7 m ). () Achromatium ( 25 m ) () Beggiatoa.
() () ()
()
AchromatiumAchromatiumThiobacillusThiobacillus
(. 5), : () pH () pH.
Thiobacillus Gram . -, - - .
Thiobacillus . Achromatium ( 3)
. - 10-100nm. . (CaCO3) .
BeggiatoaBeggiatoa
Beggiatoa (. 3) . , .
H2S . , , , , .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
5: .
Knallgas O2 H2: H2 + 1/2O2 H2O G = -237 kJ (. 4) (. 6).
CO2 Calvin.
(5-10% ). . .
(Ni2+, Fe2+ )
. . 5% O2, 10% CO2, 85% H2
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
6: .
(. 7) , . .
. . . .
(. 4) (. 4) C1 . . .
. 80% 20% . streaking .
7: .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
-
(. 8,9) (. 4). -.
, pH, . 100 . Entner-Doudoroff (. 5). .
(. 10). ymomonas
Entner-Doudoroff. Gram . Pseudomonas , , .
ZymomonasZymomonas
8: .
9: Pseudomonas, Commamonas, Ralstonia Burkholderia.
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
10 : Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Ralstonia Xanthomonas.
Gram . . - .
:Gluconobacter. :Acetobacter (. 4).
. .
AcetobacterAcetobacterGluconobacterGluconobacter
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
(. 11) - -.
Azotobacter (. 5) Gram 2-4 m . . . . .
Azomonas .
AzomonasAzomonasAzotobacterAzotobacter
11: .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
Neisseria, Chromobacterium Acinetobacter
- - .
Neisseria .
. Neisseria gonorrhoeae .
Chromobacterium (. 5) C.violaceum .
To Acinetobacter . (Acinetobacter baumannii).
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
12: Gram .
(. 13,14) -. , . 2 : 2,3 .
Escherichia . . . , , . , . .
ProteusProteusEscherichia Escherichia
SalmonellaSalmonella EnterobacterEnterobacter
Salmonella , . O, H, Vi.
Proteus . .
Enterobacter aerogenes . .
Serratia ( )
Klebsiella . K.pneumoniae .
13: .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
14: .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
Vibrio Photobacterium
Vibrio Gram . . . Vibrio cholereae .
() Gram . Photobacterium(. 5) Vibrio (. 5) .
:FMNH2 + O2 + RCHOFMN + RCOOH + H2O + ()
(quorum sensing)
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
(quorum sensing)
. . .
( Gram-, Gram-) ,
, , ,
. .
. .
, , . , .
(. 15) Gram, 0,3-0,7 m 1-2 m. , Q (. 5).
. NADH. .
Wolbachia . , .
WolbachiaWolbachia
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
15: .
Gram (. 16).
.
Spirillum volutans (. 5) .
Azospirillum lipoferum ( ).
Aquaspirillum, Oceanospirillum .
. ( ). .
AzospirillumAzospirillumSpirillumSpirillum
AquaspirillumAquaspirillum OceanospirillumOceanospirillum
16: .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
- . .
Sphaerotilus . .
Gram 1-2 m, 3-8 m.
.
LeptothrixLeptothrixSphaerotilusSphaerotilus
Sphaerotilus Leptothrix . . .
Leptothrix :Mn2+ + 1/2O2 + H2OMnO2 + 2H+ G = -68 kJ
. Mn2+ Mn4+
.
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
/
: , (. 17).
Hyphomicrobium . . (, , . , .
.
CaulobacterCaulobacterHyphomicrobiumHyphomicrobium
. .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
17: , () .
Caulobacter (. 8,9) . . . . .
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
(gliding) (. 18). . .
.
-. Gram . .
.
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
18: .
- H2 (SO42-) (S0) (. 19) , , . .
. (NO3-) NH3 (HO-CH2-CH2-SO3- ) (S0) H2S .
( ) .
Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, Desulfuromonas
BIOOIA TN MIKPOOPANIMN ANEITHMIAKE EKOEI KPHTH
19: .
- Neisseria, Chromobacterium Acinetobacter Vibrio Photobacterium (quorum sensing) / Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, Desulfuromonas