ＩＳＳＮ１３４６－７８４０

港湾空港技術研究所

資料

TECHNICAL NOTE

OF

THE PORT AND AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

No.1354 August 2019

隆起抑制型 CPG 工法の開発

佐々 真志・山﨑 浩之・小西 武・足立 雅樹・新坂 孝志・竹之内寛至

諸橋 弘樹・斎藤 英徳・岡田 宙・高田 圭太・渡邉 慎吾・金子 誓

高橋 但

国立研究開発法人 海上・港湾・航空技術研究所

National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan

- 1 -

························································································································ 3

··················································································································· 4

CPG U/D ···················································································· 4

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U/D ·················································································· 14

···················································································· 14

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���

- 2 -

Development of a New Compaction Grouting Method with Improved Upheaval Control and Efficacy of Liquefaction Countermeasures

Shinji SASSA* Hiroyuki YAMAZAKI** Takeshi KONISHI*** Masaki ADACHI*** Takashi SHINSAKA**** Kanji TAKENOUCHI**** Hiroki MOROHASHI**** Hidenori SAITO***** Hiroshi OKADA***** Keita TAKADA****** Shingo WATANABE****** Chikai KANEKO******* Tadashi TAKAHASHI*******

Synopsis

The Compaction grouting (CPG) method is one of the liquefaction countermeasures to increase

the density of improved ground by injecting mortar statically into the ground. CPG is often adopted

just below or near the existing structures, and accordingly ground upheaval often becomes a

problem. In this study, a series of model and field experiments were conducted for the purpose of

developing a new method which has more efficiency than the conventional construction’s upheaval

control. The proposed method has proven itself in reducing the ground upheaval quantity by more

than 80 %. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the ground density, K-value and effect of

liquefaction countermeasures can be significantly increased by the new Up and Down method (U/D

method). Moreover, by using the concept of an equivalent improvement rate, it is possible to predict

the upheaval amount and density increase of the improved ground by the new U/D method, thereby

facilitating a rational design based on the conventional CPG method. The construction efficiency

and upheaval control mechanism of the new method was also examined. It was found that the

workability can be improved by using an injection pipe with a tip end tapered shape. The upheaval

control mechanism can be explained by the cyclic contraction of the ground due to the up and down

of the new CPG method.

Key Words: compaction grouting, liquefaction countermeasure, U/D method

* Head, Soil Dynamics Group, Geotechnical Engineering Department

** Formerly,Distinguished Researcher *** MIRAI CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.

**** SANSHIN CORPORATION

****** TOKO GEOTECH CORPORATION ******* FUKKEN CO., LTD.

******** ATON Civil Engineering & Technology, Inc. 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka, 239-0826 Japan

Phone +81-46-844-5054 Fax +81-46-844-4577 e-mail:sassa@p.mpat.go.jp���

- 3 -

CPG

*

**

***

***

****

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****

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CPG

U/D

CPG

8 1.5

U/D

CPG 90 %

U/D

CPG U/D

(1)

(2) U/D

(3) U/D

CPG

*

**

***

****

*****

******

*******

239-0826 3-1-1

046-844-5054 Fax 046-844-4577 e-mail:sassa@p.mpat.go.jp ���

- 4 -

CPG

CPG

1)

CPG

CPG U/D

2) 6) U/D

CPG

3

( 155 mm H450 mm) (W300 mm L300 mm

H450 mm) (W600 mm L600 mm

H600 mm) 3

1/10 U/D

3

CPG

CPG

CPG

CPG

U/D

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- 5 -

7), 8)

300 mm 100 mm

2 200 mm

3 7

D50=0.19 mm, s=2.62 10 mm

40 % 50 mm

PVC , 18 mm,

13 mm

(G.W.L)

(PuV cm/sec)

(PeV cm/sec)

PuV PeV

VPVP

e

u� (1)

U/D

1

4

16

U/D

1 10

U/D

1

G.W.L= 0

11

G.W.L= 0

350 25

0

200 150

300

300

45

0

7515075

4

3

2

1

54

300

300

155

(OD:18 ID:13)

50

100

450

155

(OD:18 ID:13)

50

100

(unit in mm)

400

300

(unit in mm)

54

150

(unit in mm)

350250

50

G.W.L= 0

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

75

450

75

54

600

75150@3=45075

600

100

300

200

600

600

(OD:18 ID:13)

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- 6 -

1

U/D 3 10

1 U/D

3

10

U/D

( L) (A)

cyclic volume” (CV) (2a)

CV (V0)

cyclic volume rate” (CVR) (2b) CVR

as (2c)

(2d)

ase

ALCV �� (2a)

0VCVCVR � (2b)

0VQas � (2c)

CVRaa sse �� (2d)

Q

1

3 (GL-150mm, GL-250mm, GL-350mm)

1

(GL-200mm)

4 3 (GL-150mm,

GL-250mm, GL-350mm) 12

4 (GL-50mm, GL-150mm,

GL-250mm, GL-350mm)

(K0)

K0 ( ’h)

( ’v0)

0'

'

0v

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� (3)

(a)

(b) U/D 3 10 2.5

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10

GL-100 mm

GL-400 mm

U/D : 3

U/D : 10

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34

56

78

910

U/D

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- 7 -

7 ( =2.631 g/cm3 emax=1.120

emin=0.609) Dr0 (%) 40

(mm) Φ155 mm 300 300 600 600

(mm) 300 300 300

1 (cm3) 680 680 680

N 1 4 16

ΣQ (cm3) 680 2,720 10,880

(%) 12 10 10

U/D 1,2,3 3 3

U/D 5,10,20 3,5,10 5,10

PuV (cm/sec)

0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,

2.5

2.5 2.5

PeV

(cm/sec)

1.0, 1.5, 2.0,

2.5

1.0 1.0

(PuV/PeV) 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,

2.0, 2.5

2.5 2.5

5Hz 20

50Gal

αeq’

)50-eq(50' �� ���eq (4)

U/D

U/D

1 680 cm3

12 %

10 %

U/D 1

3 5 20

0.5 2.5

U/D 10

1.0 U/D

35 mm

U/D

U/D 3

2.5

10 U/D 3

10 1.0 2.5

15 mm 11 mm

4

16

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- 8 -

2.5

3

10 2.5

2.5

3 2.5

U/D 3

5 U/D 3 10 1 2

U/D

3 4

1)

4

18 mm U/D

U/D 3 10 2.5 mm

U/D

8

U/D 3 5

13 14

U/D 3 10

4 16

4

ΔDr (

%)

(cm3)

16

K 0 (σ'

h/σ' v0

)

(cm3)

4

Kσ

' h/σ

' v0

(cm3)

16

K0���

- 9 -

1) (V0)

(as)

(CVR)

15 %

U/D U/D 3 10

35

U/D 3 3 U/D 3 5 U/D 3 10

CVR

20 U/D

U/D 3 5 35 U/D 3 10

40

U/D

K

K0

K0 K0

GL-250 mm

U/D K0

K0 2.5

U/D K0 2.6 2.8 U/D K0

U/D K0

K0

U/D

U/D

1.5

U/D 3 10 1.8

60

80 100 Gal

U/D 150 Gal

U/D 3 10

U/D

U/D

3 10

9

BU

1

Dr (%)

(mm

)

(Gal)

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- 10 -

BU 30 mm U/D

10 mm BU

12.6 mm U/D 1.4 mm 80 %

BU 11.3 mm U/D

0.9 mm 90 %

CPG

BU

U/D

U/D

U/D

U/D U/D 4

10

4

4 10

1 1

4 10

U/D U/D

1 3

-400

-370

-340

-310

-280

-250

-220

-190

-160

-130

-100

-70

-40

-10

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50GL

(mm)

mm

U/D_1 _5U/D_1 _10U/D_3 _5U/D_3 _10

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

3

300

(unit in mm)

5411

155

100

450

155

-400

-370

-340

-310

-280

-250

-220

-190

-160

-130

-100

-70

-40

-10

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50

GL (m

)

4(mm)

U/D_3 _3U/D_3 _5U/D_3 _10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

450

(unit in mm)

7515075

4

3

2

1

54

300

300

300

100

300

-400

-370

-340

-310

-280

-250

-220

-190

-160

-130

-100

-70

-40

-10

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50

GL (m

m)

16(mm)

U/D_3 _5

U/D_3 _10

(unit in mm)

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

75

450

75

54

600

75150@3=45075

600

100

300

200

600

600

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

U/D 9U/D 8

U/D 7U/D 6U/D 5

U/D 4GL-2.75m

GL-5.00m

U/D

4 1.0 m

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(9

45

67

89

10

U/D

U/D 4 10 4 m/min 1 m/min ����

- 11 -

GL-1.8 m N 1 9

GL-2.75 m -5.00 m 1

0.25 m 9

U/D

3

CHP-T

T CHP-TSR TSR GI-130C GI

3 T CPG

73 mm 50 mm TSR

U/D T

T

GI

CPG

GI 165

mm CPG

50 mm

1 T

TSR 0.963 m3 GI 1.017 m3

9

(L150 mm

W150 mm t6 mm)

2

4

1

3

5

8

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

(m)N

500 mm

1500 mm

1000 mm

2000 mm

←

1.7 m

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- 12 -

500 mm 1,000 mm

1,500 mm 3

2,000 mm 1 120

U/D

T

GI BU

TSR

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U/D 2 (0.5 m)

1 m/min 2 m/min

TSR 2,950 kg

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GI

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GI U/D

U/D

4 (1.0 m) 4 m/min

U/D

GI

U/D

U/D

U/D

TSR

GI U/D

U/D

U/D

U/D

500

mm 3

T BU 30 mm

TSR U/D 2

5 2 5 BU

TSR U/D 2

10 2 10 GL-3.75

m GL-3.75 m

GI BU 20 mm

U/D 2 4

5 10

CPG BU

-5.00

-4.50

-4.00

-3.50

-3.00

-2.50

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.000 2 4 6 8 10

(m)

(MPa)

T_

TSR_2 5

TSR_2 10

-5.00

-4.50

-4.00

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-3.00

-2.50

-2.00

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0.000 2 4 6 8 10

(m)

(MPa)

GI_

GI_2 10

GI_4 5

GI_4 10

T TSR GI

-5.00

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-2.50

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-2.00

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-1.50-10 0 10 20 30 40 50

GL (m

)r=500mm

(mm)

GI_

GI_U/D_2 _10

GI_U/D_4 _5

GI_U/D_4 _10

T_

TSR_U/D_2 _5

TSR_U/D_2 _10

1500mm

1000mm500mm

2000mm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9 999

9

99

9

9

9

-5.00

-4.75

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-1.50-10 0 10 20 30 40 50

GL

(r=500mm)(mm)

4 5

4 10

1500mm

1000mm500mm

2000mm

T, TSR GI GI

����

- 13 -

90 %

GI

U/D

U/D

500 mm 3 1,000 mm 3

1,500 mm 3

2,000 mm 1

U/D

GI TSR

GI

500

mm 3

2 m/min U/D 2

10 2 10 BU

25 %

4 m/min U/D 4 10

4 10 90 %

2 10 4 5

U/D 4 5

U/D

U/D

90 %

40 %

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

(mm

)

(mm)

GI

GI_U/D_2 _10

GI_U/D_4 _5

GI_U/D_4 _10

T

TSR_U/D_2 _5

TSR_U/D_2 _10

1500mm1000mm500mm

2000mm

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

%BU

-U/D

/BU

(m3)

2 10

4 5

4 10

4 m/min

2m/min

GI

BU

-20

0

20

40

60

0 20 40 60 80

(mm

)

+ %

0

20

40

60

0 20 40 60 80

ΔDr %

as + %

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- 14 -

U/D

U/D

T TSR TSR

GI

20mm 1mm

U/D

U/D

U/D

U/D

U/D BU 90 %

CPG

1) A

B C

U/D

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 20 40 60 80 100

(r=5

00m

m)

(mm

)

(%)

T TSR GI

4 10

2 10

4 5

2 10

2 5

BU

3

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

U/D

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- 15 -

U/D

U/D

10.5 mm U/D 90 mm

3 10

U/D

CPG U/D

U/D

U/D

( 155 mm×450 mm)

2 300 mm

100 mm

7 s=2.631 g/cm3

emax=1.120 emin=0.609 40 %

680 cm3 1 30

mm 10

(mm

)(m

m)

-220

-190

-160

-130

-100

-70

1,140 1,190 1,240 1,290

0

-2

-4

2

(sec)

φ10.5 mm90 mm10

U/D

12345678910

mm

30

0

155

10

0

45

0

155

155 mm×400 mm

300 mm

7

ρ s=2.631 g/cm3

e max=1.120

e min=0.609

10 mm

(D r0) 40 %

GL 0 mm

10

30 mm

68 cm3

680 cm3

a s 12%

����

- 16 -

15.0 mm 19.0 mm 24.0 mm

10.5 mm 7

6.0 mm

U/D

U/D 90 mm

3

(2a) 600 cm3 1,200 cm3 2,500

cm3 4,000 cm3

U/D

1,200 cm3 4,000

cm3

BU

U/D

BU

100 %

U/D 0

100 % U/D

2,000 cm3 U/D 70 80 %

4,000 cm3

10,000 cm3 U/D

U/D

10.5

6.0

15.0

6.0

19.0

6.0

24.0

6.0

(cm2)

0.87 1.77 2.84 4.52

1.00 2.04 3.27 5.22

(mm)

U/D

0 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 0 600 1,200 2,500 4,000 13,029

10.5

10.5

10.5

10.5

15.0

15.0

15.0

15.0

19.0

19.0

19.0

19.0

24.0

24.0

24.0

24.0

24.0

mm

N

cm3

U/D

mm

0

10

20

30

10 15 20 25

U/D

(mm

)

(mm)

CV: 1,200 3

CV 4,000 cm3 90 mm

680 cm3

0

10

20

30

10 15 20 25

U/D

(mm

)

(mm)

CV: 1,200 cm3

CV 4,000 cm3 90 mm

680 cm3

U/D ����

- 17 -

15.0 mm 19.0 mm 24.0 mm

2,500 cm3

7.5 mm

3 mm

U/D

U/D

U/D

U/D

(Dr1) (Dr0)

2,000 cm3 U/D 20 %

U/D

40 %

U/D

U/D

y = 19.021ln(x) - 73.747R² = 0.9082

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

(%)

(cm3)

Φ15.0 mm

Φ19.0 mm

Φ24.0 mm680 cm3

90 mm

y = 15.069ln(x) - 37.084

R² = 0.7993

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

(%)

(cm3)

Φ15.0 mm

Φ19.0 mm

Φ24.0 mm680 cm3

90 mm

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

U/D

(mm

)

cv (cm3)

15.0 mm

680 cm3

90 mm

BU

15.0 mm

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

U/D

(mm

)cv (cm3)

19.0 mm

680 cm3

90 mm

BU

19.0 mm

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

U/D

(mm

)

cv (cm3)

24.0 mm

680 cm3

90 mm

BU

24.0 mm

y = 5.3472ln(x) - 17.045R² = 0.8445

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

U/D

(%)

(cm3)

680 cm3

90 mm

U/D

����

- 18 -

CPG

CPG

U/D

8

K0

1.5

U/D

90%

U/D

CPG

CPG U/D

1) U/D

2) U/D

3) U/D

4)

5) U/D U/D

6) U/D

CPG

CPG

CPG

CPG U/D

1)

, 2013.

2) , , , ,

, ,

CPG

B3 Vol.72 No.2 pp. 372-377 2016

3) Takenouchi, K., Yamazaki, H., Sassa, S., Shinsaka, T.,

Konishi, T., Adachi, M., Kanno, Y., Takada, K., Okami,

T., Okada, H., Takahashi, T. and Zen, K.: Development of

Compaction Grouting Method with Improved Upheaval

Control, Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth International

Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, pp.908-915,

2016.

4) , , , ,

, , CPG

B3 Vol. 73

No. 2 pp. 282-287, 2017

5) , , , ,

, , CPG

, B3,

Vol. 74, No.2, pp. 886-891, 2018.

6) Takenouchi, K., Sassa, S., Yamazaki, H., Konishi, T.,

Shinsaka, T., Kanno, Y., Okada, H. and Takahashi, T.:

Development and Field Verification of a New Compaction

Grouting Method with Improved Upheaval Control,

ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 296, pp. ����

- 19 -

283-293, 2018.

7) Zen K et al. : Countermeasure for Liquefiable Ground

beneath the Existing Structure by CPG, Proceedings of

the Twenty-fifth International Ocean and Polar

Engineering Conference, Vol.2, pp.839-844, 2015.

8)

9

pp.26-29 2010.

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Copyright ○C （2019）by MPAT All rights reserved. No part of this book must be reproduced by any means without the written permission of the President of MPAT この資料は、海上・港湾・航空技術研究所理事長の承認を得て刊行したものである。したがって、

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２０１９．８

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TECHNICAL NOTE

OF

THE PORT AND AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

No.1339 March 2018

National Institute of Maritime,

Port and Aviation Technology, Japan

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