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2009 ôjÉæj - 136 Oó©dG - âjƒµdG áÑ∏£d »æWƒdG OÉ–’G ‘ JC ‘Éë°üdG …OÉædG øY Qó°üJ äÉ©eÉ÷G ‘ k ÉfÉ› ´RƒJ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ؟ ﻏﺰة اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ دﻋﻢ

مجلة الجامعية، العدد 136

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مجلة الجامعية، العدد 136

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  • 2009 jj - 136 OdG - jdG d WdG OG JC dG OdG Y QJeG kf RJ

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    OdG Gg jGhR ALQCG H dH Gd , U H dJ cfh , dG g M dG e ddG e IOe AGQBG LCGh

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    hDT je S fCG / dG VhCG fL eh hdG Ia CG dG GHEG cT jTdG AL adG OM U Y eG e fh QJ dG gCH cdG EG e ,fEGh OdG IM IAGdG gCGh ,G eCG e feh eG W QhO gCH dch

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    gQhOh YLG dhDG gCG cQG SDGh cdG Hh fCG c , G SDG QhO RGHEGh fCG YO dG e YdGh HjG H G e UGdG Y SDG YJ dG OdG Ia b M , G MdG Y J dG jdG

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    d JLCG Y jb S dG OdG CG G aVCGh eYEGh dG GQhdG S Y S dGh dG SGQdG e c OY e UN W bJ UCGh , jS OdG j dG S IQhdG GOT L CG GcDe , H cQG ZGdGh cQG eGdG UJ Y YEG Sh jdG adG L e Ie G YGO , dG b e MGbG hCG GQSG CH Me jb jJ Y J dGh dG OdG da cQd HdG

    . dG id eYEG gGG

    GdG Y fdG d eYEG YGdG H

    YLG dhDG De QT dG OdG

  • SdG - idG Qf OGYEG

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    gG CG YEG c e Ma Q ddG db dH eCG , AYdGh YH cQGh dH J e fLj dG OGG eCH a WCG Y

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    fa YLG dG c e ihT dd dH eCG CG ge aCG g jeCG d WG Ggd aVEH jCGH c KCJ d fC , eJ e f HCG jCGh c dGh WCd AYdGh G Vj H FGSEG bGG Le gh ,

    .dG QG eCG dG j SCHh

    :

    e Qf ddG J JeR Y SdG c e

    ffEG ge c aJ IZ G fGNEG fj e ,IZ b FGSEG dG AH H Ife YCG dG dG j d eJ dG IdG ISCG gh IfG d eJ G ddG J e M jCGQ NCd ddG H eG dLh ,jdGh

    ( IZ GZCG) j MGh e GP HLEG Aa , dG d eJh dG

    GgG KG H c YGfCG H dG gCH jJ IQhV Y Vh dh , GGh H SdG c a c H SdG eh GQTH fh H jd ec j jGH e bCG dG VfH jdGh HT AYdG gCG Y cCGh BG EG MG

    .AYdG

    :

    Y cDj SdG e e ddG CGQ if jCGh gCG Hh dG Zh dG YdG gCG eG Ie J CG c GgG H dG gCH HdG eR CGQ jCGh c

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    : / L

    hdG S dg IQcdG jCGH cQTh

    : da dG c e TJ:(Sh Y G U) G SQ b EG cCG YGJ c CG Y YGJ CG SQ j ej f b ehCG b b Ic dh c ej fCG H :b ?G dG jdG jG NBG EGdG Ac a .dG dEG Uh dG dG j

    ??G DG VdG Gd G G OdGh ddG eEH CG kT iQCG N e IZ b YO cQG keY HdH G EG IOdG e dGh dG

    10

  • QSGh ddG dGh HfEGh QSGh ,MG FSdG H G S OG f OG H IQU H G H jCGh dG bdG OL gh bdG dh H

    .gGdG hdG J dG CGdG Y KCdG gG j c jW Y ddH UG AGQBG AGHEG N e CNNh BBC e dG AfCG ch bGe fY dOCH Ie J CG H dEG ABCh CG GQGb Oc FMEG e VGhh

    .bGY H FGSEG fG dG IG

    :

    cQG CG GOBG c e QGfCG ddG CGQ

    GOBG bCG dG e dG M dG gCG e g eG ALQCG ac h Lh e ch IZ gCG YO Y YJ dG dG T N e UGdG CG gf VGGh QaCG d HhdG h jG

    .dG dG YJ GL e

    :

    jQGOEG dG c e QdG d aVCGh eG dW e kGc CG SDG e fCG Ife e jdG WJ e ZdG Y-

    HdG d gQSGh IZ gCG VQCG IG cfG Y eSEGh dG QhdG hj fCG EG -AGSEG kUN IZ b Id d feEH iQCG Ea kTh .Y mH ah YO cQG eG ddG eEH CG

    :JBG N e dG fCH EGh dG gCG GQOEG ,khCG jFY b H a eb b d

    .J Y UG e c Y j jQJ IAGb N e dG J ,kfK ae Y UG EG aVEH dG e fCGh ,H kej VdG Ge Qcd QG a c IAGH dG UG J WTCG eh GjdG QW d a e LdG ZGQ QcdH

    .ah fCGh ?c ,J fdGh jeCG G We ,kdKh Starbucksh McDonalds e dG j gZh Carrefour G bGG jW Y jdH Y

    .ffEG Y ddG QhO gCG EG jdG OhCG kGNCGh gCG dG hQ f b dG Ig OJ d AbUCGh

    .kGO eCG

    K AYdG K AYdG CG if G h IZ gC ef b e gCG g AYdG

    gQjh gfjh gj CG G Yfh.FGYCG c e

    11

  • 12

    dG DG ddG cQT (1

    Id HdG FGdG L OLH hCG

    . IZ

    dG OG e ddG QUCG (2

    dG Ye Y GJ , QSG H

    VhCG

    L M ddG gS (3

    jdG eL dWh W e YdG

    G H .O 16,000`dG ba dGh

    feh jhOCGh jZCG SQE MGh SG

    . eRCG H HG IZ gCG EG W

    HG LH ddG cTh (4

    L cQ YLEG dG c

    WdG OG FQ dCG M FGdG

    Gg c FGdG h jdG W

    . TG LG

    d jdG jH OG gG .5

    G

    dG) IOGQEG MH SG AdG .6

    d WdG OEG H (dG

    ddG cQeh jdG

    iOCG jG IQdG eCG YEG J .7

    dGSEG a GQdG NGe ZEG EG

    dG dG DH

    gLGJ N e ddG gS .8

    cQ IdG IZ Ie cQeh

    Gfh G dG dG L

    dG e dG IU dP Jh , eCG

    dG dN

    T

  • IN e Hf YEG Gg , AYCGh dG OdG OH Gc e MGH KCG Me EG Uh M LGh UCG dG , OdG Gd M Heh U EGh adH .. edG adG Y OJ QW a dG UCGh , f

    eCG

    ,, eYEGdG H dN

    .. GNCGh INCG adH d J e , Y hJ fh FGQ e cCG dh e L

    . dGh dG JM dGh

    cNCG dG GY jf

    UfG

    GLhh

    1414dG OdG Y Gdb e H

  • idG gCH j dG .. OdG Gg Y FdG bd jdGh G c . jdG YEH Vd eYEGh dG

    WdG jJ jdG je

    IWN hO e f LCG GfCG gh IWG dJ a Y G a IQhO K d GPEGh Sd e H JCG dG dG OdG Gd jG dG IWN iS j e GV f Lh d .. e IQhdG e NCG H QT Lj S GfG GPEG fCH cCe fCGh adG Y fG iS

    . dG e FGQ H adG

    JdG G Sj

    G

    dSHHSddG

    15

    dG Sj

  • 16e IddGh FGdG e dG j MGh bh MGh H

    :

    :dG bdG

    G S IQf :SG -S 23 :dG -

    aFG H dhDe Ff :aFG H G -VjQh Y J - HdG c SjdH :SGQdG gDG -

    Y e :XdG -

    ? aFG H SCJ GP -1 d G Lh ,eG S d fEGh jJ jQe J HT EG G L 2006 Y )aFG H( SCJ

    .jDhQh Jh IQGOEGh Jh QaCH H HT H EG Lh ,G e AL fc jdG HdG QhO

    ?(aFG H) SG QNG GP -2 NCG L Y a j dG EG dG dP g aFG a , Gh dBdGh AhdGh QGSG Y jh FdG j dG CG

    .Y H jdG dG h ,HdG d RGe e

    ?aFG H dG hT g e -3.REGh d ,Yeh Ie IdG J CG

    ?aFG FdG eY Y e dG g -4.G j a dH

    gdG gQ :AdG LCG ebEGh dG jH jc cGe Ye GY e eG GAd S e SCG dG )aFG H( dhDe e dG f d G adG fCG

    .G d HjEG QhdG J eg H J dh IOhe GS

  • 17

    eL dW Y Ie dG jY g -5?jdG

    Xeh jdG eL e jN GdG a edG dG h UN eL dW dch

    .jQdGh dG d

    H ebCG dG eGdG hCG J c -6?aFG

    jGH J fch MdG Y IjL eGH fc Y a fcQ ,G IOH Lfh d jb ef e j H , H EG fG

    . jdG Id hG QNG

    H) ebCG dG eGdGh GQhdG g e -7?(aFG

    2006 S fc jGH ,Yeh Ie eGH 200 QH aFG d jJ efH ebEG bfG ch 2006 U c dP H ,Ia IQY gh jdG efH bCG eQ Hh ,d jdGh YGPEG eGH V efRQ Y eGdG dch jdG QNh NGO jdG eGdG

    .fedG GhdGh ShQdGh ShQO Y IQY d fEG H fCGH K U f gHh ,TCG 3 I YSCG Zd 2007 Y e 7 T H NBG hCG f 2008 Y e h ,dH QG eCG 350 V jT ch ,HGh CG j

    .Hh fEG S gh )OdG( efH eb c TCG 3 Ie YSCG fEG ShQO Y IQY d b dGh MGdG Jh dGh hdG d

    .cQG

    ReG Of fG VG dG h ,Ie jT ShQO )aFG H( j dch jYdG QhO dG d OdG JCG M dG McGh GjT bEG b dG

    .UG LMG hPh jCGh H UG.GdG Y GS 3 ie Y SG dGh M G jdG efH bCG c

    ?(aFG H) e d UN a SCJ j n -8,dM SGQdG b d a ebEG Ve d ,`JdG e Hf IdG d

    ?(aFG H) YdG dG e JSG dG e -9 fCGh ,cT hCG SDe dc dh H YJ Y fCG aFG H G AdG a LGh ,dH dEG Qjh G a j dG G eSEG dG j C j

    . dG e dG Gg j e FGOh ,MGh Hh MGh H MGh S j h H e da SdG e edc IjL GQe J CG Yd Hh

    .NB T e J dG jWh dG jVG e edGh e efd dG GQeh YLG AKCG QGG cG c

    .SCG g GL Ic Th Gh Gh

    ?JLGh h JeGdG H h YdG dG H adG c -10 .bdG Jh GMGh jQCG e aeh jdhCG JJ N e

    ?d LJ c -11 Y IdG U CG QhdG a G H bdGh ,H H f C LH f

    .a dG dG

    .INCG c - 12 UNEG j YdG dGh , Id W UNEG Z a ,J j b d g .. H MS a Je c EG) bCGh ,FGQ e cCG jH a SdG Mh

    .(AdG e.HdG bdG Y AGVCG J egG Y jdGh dG ch

    BE

  • + X```H```jEG G```b ```Ye ``fC`T e dG ``bQ``G IQ```dG

    U`N Q``T e ```d G ``S Y fjda , ```dEG ````e```J U```N IQ``T ````dG i```c I``b ``de```SEG ``j`dG IQT dc

    je e cT J bh H Reh JUGe G J dG eY jG cT d c gQT dhO dh. eY LCG e GQhdG

    H UG QT Y CG HjCG ijY jCG fCGhHjEG Q`dG

    X.YG J V eY

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    Q```T + XI```G H`jEG G``gCG e jJe ````LCG e H``jEG Gb Ye j

    Q`dG `e ``dG a IQ``dG I``g ``V dd , IQ``dG e`e H``jEG ``T fCH ``G ``cd Q``a ``e ``j CG

    .Gh```dG ``Y ```f ``Y ``j IRQ``H c``eCG ,kT e UGdG J SdG e Y` e H``jEG b``dH `G U``G `Y `d `d h

    HjEG bW Y UGdG FSh e iNCG Sh CH hCG kjjH ,kJgjdG Gg J LQG JM a HjG fG Yh e fG d

    ?H bY WJ a ZJh HjG UTG FbUG hG FHbG e H ASGcPG-1-1

    -2-3

    ?d fGOhG dG HjG jfG ge-2-1-2-3

    hdG d jg ebCS h ? e Oje H bGh GbCS HjG dG Y c c-3HjG

    -1-2-3

    ?SQ M HjH fJ dG fG ge -4-1-2-3

    HjG dG

    QG f OGYEG

    18

  • 20.. :

    : dG bdG

    dG Uf Qf : KdG SEG dG c -aGG J : dG

    eGjdGh dG : jGdG

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    ?jdG hCG dG d j GPe ,c IG OLe dG dH , dG , dG ,JH LGj da W e dM AT a Gh G dH da , e IYd Y YG ah ,b a j a dG

    .UN H G ,dG Y Gc j a jdG eCG MCG e dGh ,a JGP H jdG j dSQ jda jdG g bW d j G OGj J ah .eGSG

    .NBG ,bd L SG a jdGh dG

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    AKCG e eJ dG eGdG ge?dG

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    .hdEG SdH Jh cCG

    AbUCGh gCG e J bJ g? c ?jGg jd

    gCG e G h a ,f

    dW jGg

    .

  • 21

    Ia Y J dHh , NBGh e W e dG dEG UJ Y eT eJ J d ,Ija QaCG hCG IjL j J jdG .colin smith h .UG HSEHh H GKCe dHh ,Y OYG dG G H adGh ddG HW Y j G j

    .G j M G

    VQG JcQe Y KM?JGRGh HGh

    ,V cQT a jd dH HJ dG NGO NBGh dG QN MGh hCGh MaG dGh dG d .{ Aura{ dGh dG f da fc He cQT HG dch

    .dG Gd GZJdG jd cQT a ,jhdG YCd dH eCG Ve bd IjL eH M b bh VG eQ hdEG

    .Gc bGh He cQa HG U Yh fch eQ d L jQZ QjH KCJh dhW jJ Y J hd W ShQe Jh e J dG cG f Gh HG

    .HG TQh OGYEG cQe dc jh

    . YEG Y

    d UhG ? Ie hC U e? dG dP QT

    bfG dh ,U e cPCG Gj S e CGH dG Y dG Gd IH aO dG dG hCG dP b c jdG eCG .G dG

    .jfdG SGQO jCG ,H

    GdCG CGh eJ Yf ge? H

    SdG Hd edG Yf OSCG a H dG GdCG eCG , dZ cCG CG hMCG c eY h , gdGh fc dG ed eCGh .GdCG e Ij dG G J dG G

    .edG bGQh HH

    j ec J G T e?J hG jd

    e da ,dH dEG UdG QOf QT g j CG eh J b dG IQU J jh dG J M H CGdG hCG jQCG Y fCG hCG MGe hCG VQCG CG hCG ,fK hMCG CG eEa ,J e EG Uh GPEG QOdG e ,iNCG H bhP

    .ZCG CG d FdG dG CG eJ dG e dh e Ia H GOjdG H Y VCG

    .J

    ?dG jGg e SG GPe dL H e UGdG g dG e c .MGhQCG H eh dM e ATCG J ch ,e J j dM

    dGh dG e e AbUCGh e dG e dG dCG ,UN H JQSG j dG QeCG e ch dGh Yh ,GdCG hCG ,cJh c AGS a g J e dZ dG iG

    .dG Yh jGdG Y

    jGH LGh HU e g? Y J ch ? QGe

    Yd dhCG a OQ Lj ,jL Cc a Gc JYS SGQOh SQ e Oj eY dG hQh , dG ge .dSQ Ujh Ia d jh a J dG SGQdG jWh SGQdG OGG Y self training gh dG IjL J ffEH Hh UN ShQO jW dG fG NCG CG H ddG Y ch , j JGP H dPh .dG bh NCSh ,HU a jL dG

    .SdG Y j M

    ? dG jJ edH e cC SCG eJ WdGh edGh dG c dSCGh W H e QbCGh ,HdG

    dW jGg

  • 22

    j bh MU hQh T j aGJ dG ,O QTh e dM e Ggh dM e ATCGh dG He J ,ATCG e eJ h a GQCG ,FTC JGQNG ,H G dG c c ,ac e ATC JJJ He J JGQNh ,dG J

    .Sj e cJh UC VCG K hCG Je fCG cPCG c Tb b cJ hG ,QGcG b fc H e GdCGh e H HG J d dG d LH e hCG ,bhP Vj dG M

    .HG e Sj

    dG a Y bG j c? jdG

    dG a ,G h c bG h ,YGHEGh bdG e dG jd d c J IdG J Gg eR jdG Gh QdG EG Jh JYGHEH gQGe jGH Ia iCGQ GPEG G h

    .bfEG d Yc jh j AdEG N e dG YGHG d J dG jdGh SG VQG Y If ,dG e a cQG ZCG j YG dG e c h

    .Gh

    jH G H jCGQ e H YJ g ?HdG GQG

    ? VGh e dG h V GL YdG e L h .G G

    .dG GQe Jh jJ

    gG IOjRh jd JMGbG?jd HdG gGH

    Y IdG jQG ee J dG YJ dG G G jW eGh GQhCG Ve Jh ,G dG gL e NCJ dG jObEG fCG M Y .SM ie e Jh L Ne Y OYEd jGH j b Y a J IdG d hCG dG Gd

    .dG Ia d UN QGUGh OGf AfG b ge bJh jL g e H J

    .bh

    RGHEH Gh dG gH jCGQ e? jdG HdG gGG

    gG G GH eYEG gEG U g dO cCGh ,eh VGh e Y dG j dN eh g

    dN e OJh QaCG b Jh jNBG J Y dG OQCG dh ,dG Lj SCa dGh IOG fCG M .aGG H e

    .jdH UN Lj

    c GHEG Y IQOb IdG g jCGH?dP c ?G

    GHEG j c dG hCG IdG hCG L Y J dCa d aJ IjdG IdGh GHEa ,H

    .aCG j C OdG

    ? M AGQh e jGg dG a Jh fS G .J aJh G Gg SGQdG d d dG dGh ,GjdG dGh Kh h aCG J Y KM dG IjdG JdGh ,IG g UGe JQe NCG N e egG j .dG ad Sh .ATCG H dG Y jdGh jH bEGh

    .jdGh

    ?MWh JeCG Free lancer `c G dG CGHCGh JCG CG gGeh JbW SCGh .dG Y

    .dG Gg UN L e j j CG eCG

    .aGG H

    ? dG c fCG d iAGj bh ,U jGH QGe c dd ,MCG QdG d d Ta d aGdG g IOGQEG Ibh dG j

    .dG S G Y cdGh ,Y

    dW jGg

  • fEG GQhCG

    dG FY : d

    d Id eHhCG GQH Ra EG a LQ e J CG ,j H e gCG H aS e H Y j jaCH c U VGh G e jQa dG d jh hjh HG qa ?Gh Njh jeCG L ojh ke jdG SFH Rjh HfG

    .dG IOH H ,jeCG IG gh ,kL hd bEG jG a GQdG fdG Y LQ ibCG Y qHj CG EG c c e e Le a jZ LQ j c ?jdG dG G Gg keCe f e bh eCG .dG j S fEG ?Vh j c HdG hdG H EG CdG eHhCG GQH PSCG CG d :HH bh ,HCG dG SFdG Sc

    .ffb d OdG e Oj S hCG ebEG Ie Af MdG ddG GQH PSCd j S e Gg .GG hCG GhGG S kFH hCG IQY SQM hCG (jRd) cJ FS j CH d S c GPEGh p pnrdG nGnP roou nof nh lOoboQ r ognh kX nrj nCG roo n r nnh{ Y S FdGh edG dCG IedG jdG HdG hdG H c d eHhCG

    IMGh kIe !G S z p n udG nGnPnh gh dG ASDhQ eeCG d dG dhO ibCGh cCG SFQ EG G LGh dG dGh dG edG j Fg YHh

    !G S .jeCG IG jdG FQ fC ;bG g e hJjh gdG qM e j h FQ h Fb h jRh FHBG dh kGb S e dG dG Gd djh G AHBGh jaCG UCGh OSCG fd jeCG j dG ObGh jhdG IdG Je Hh ,eCGh dhdG MGh OdG pob qJ :d dj ,e HG eh a HG a EGh ,e GcCGh M e b a U c e dG cGdG SCG dG Gg j IMGh kaoO .fdG fdG Y NCGh hCG QGdGh ASDhQ qjh eM jh SFdG SGG Qjh jh eCj jeCG SfdG eCG j CG EG dG bO e ch Qa e

    .bdGh IhdGh AdG jh

    G Gg fJ a ,HQ Qb mH AGY G MCGh ,Y Vj FQ Y IM jh ,j jdG a dhO Y Z GPEGh HCG e S c d Gh( :Y G VQ G H Y b eCG ?)jeCG( SFQ EG eHhCG GQH H Uh dG bGdG iG Ggh e eCG qh h ,OhH Fb G d aM Le eDe d e a OSCG e Gg Sh ,)H aG qdd kM jM eGbCG dG GH aj G EG{ :j Sh Y G U f S :bh Y bCG e a OSCG e gh iHCG HG H Y

    .zjNBG H jh

    NCGh CGdG AGHEGh cQG G FYEGh gGe jJh fEG GMG e SEG dJ H J CG hO J jeCG UCG BG bh z roc nrJnCG p s G n pY r o ne nrcnCG spEG GoanQ nn pd n pFn nbnh kHo oT rocnr n nLnh nfoCG nh mnc nP ue ocn rn nN sfpEG oSsdG ntjnCG nj{ :J b .Y e SG fe

    .)kGQGMCG JeCG Jdh bh SdG SG e( :Y bh zG SCc SGS SdG{ :Sh Y G U

    SQe je j CG gMCG W dh ,HdG OdG H Sch NWh LSh Lb j eHhCG GQH AeRh GNEG EG.dCG hC jB jeCG SFH eHhCG GQH Ra EGh ,QdG Ubh ,QeCG FYh ,QdGh jdG dd FGHG

    ( (

    24

  • .HQ H UdG HCGh H jR M b g dN HGh ,Sh Y G U dG H jR ,jN IdG NCG HG g UdG HCa .LhRh gP .j dG ch ,jb GTCG e LQ gh ,dG b Sh Y G U dG EG UdG HCG d a .idG HG jR hJCG CG jQCG :d bh G U dG Njh .fPCSCG M aCG :dG AL dN HG :d jh jR Y Sh Y

    ? d kLhR VJ a SG cP bh .HGh Lh qMa

    d ,HdG H UdG HCG jR LhJh .dG a .eeCG h Y e CGh .jb M b CGJ kf UCGh . dG H M Ic e CGH K LhR Lh OY Mh kGae UdG HCG c H Y :d da ,S e Y Na .SCG Jh jR gfa .cJh a .Y N d g :a .SCG fCGh kf HCG H d :J gh

    ?khCG JNCG

    .IY e .H IN e aCG Jh .kHGc HCG c eh .HCG ucoC c e :d db eCG SCG d .Mh dh .eCG OdG qfEG ,)dW HCG H Y( Y HG SCGh ,JNEG SCGh jU SCGh .)Y H Y( Y HG SCGh

    .)jdG H HCG(

    .eb qN Gdj CG SdG MCG fCG eCG :a b K . HCG eh .Lhd kAVQEG FHBH ch rEG Qj eh :da ?Q qbh QY a :d M G Y YCG LhR fCG dh ?fCG QYCG

    .S 20 d H ahh.Y QJ

    ga ,IdG AL K .c Y UdG HCG Xh SQ j :dbh Sh Y G U dG EG jR U dG a .LhR e HCG rCG PCJCG..G

    .OhCGh LhR e HCG :Sh Y G

    CG UdG HCG Q qbh ,QH IhZ KM rCG EG Xh Qj LhR .jb L U d j :Jh a .dG g J jR fch .gHCG dh a T J j e NCG qEG dG Qjh HdG H UdG HCG jh .HCG aCG hCG H UdG HCG nSrDoa cG Jh ,QH IhZ a GPeh :jR Ca , QNCG gJh ,HdG . kGT a .G fG :d a ?HCG .M SCG :Gda ?LhR a GPeh :dCS K

    jd j h .LhR AGa SQCG :da eCG Y a ,LhR H J kK kT dG SQCGh ,gQU H ujoJ fc dG SQ EG HdG H UdG HCG T e kdL dG ch .Sh Y G U G Y iCGQ Mh ,iSCG jh jdG j

    ?e AGa Gg :CS jN IdG

    a .HdG H UdG HCG AGa Gg :Gdb :bh f K .jN Y Gg :bh dG kGU P e LdG Gg qEG..SdG jCG dEG GhOJ rCG b gh ?SCG a a YCa .G SQ j f Gda ?gY

    :d b K ,dG dG b K .jN Y WJ jd b J K ?QQSCG CG d g UdG HCG j :d eCG G qEG UdG HCG j :d bh kfL H EG OOQ a ,ach e H n uaoCG rCG

    ?HG .f :a

    GHCG Y UdG HCG J jR LNh :da .MGQ qEG :gBGQ M d a , e dh ,S dG fCG d :b ?jCG EG :b ? :da .HCG EG MS fCG .HCG EG LQa .Hh H jd :a ? p roJh aGJ CG d a :da

    .

    .jG EG gPh HGh gdh NCa 6 ie Y ej G CGHh dEG Oj rCG eCG Y aJ fch ,GS b UdG HCG c GS 6 Hh .LhR S AKCGh ,dG EG e e aH N H Y Ca .HdG e Y j dCa ,dG GPBG b HH Wh jR .kHQg L H :b ?ke LCG :JCGQ M . :a ?oJ rCG EG d a :da kMe .dG HH kMe .J a :db

    .eeCGh Y HCH

    ,dG IU G dG qCG CG Hh LCG b :G NBG e JCj H GPEG S g :dG a .HdG H UdG HCG

    ?S e G SQ j f :Gdb

    Ha oH EG UdG HCG qEG G SQ j :jR db .G SQ j JLCG bh ddG HCa b rEGh dG SdG jCG j :bh .Sh Y G U dG ba KM LdG Gg qEGh .kGU P e LdG Gg qEG dEG GhOJ CG b Ea . qaa Yhh ba HCG oEGh .EG MCG Ga ,H EG Oj cJ CGh de

    .Y edCG h d Gh dEG eCa

    :dG a .G SQ j de f H :SdG a H Y dEG gP K .jR j LCG e fLCG b HCG qfEGh dN HG qfEa Ge ecCG jR j :d bh

    .d j qfEa ,Hj dh ,dG

    .G SQ j f da UdG HCG j :HdG H UdG HC dbh Na .e Jh roJ rCG EG d g .bGa Y gCG EG dUh Yh .e EG OYh de NCGh . :b d H g dGeCG g SdG jCG :bh bh e .AadG MCG ah kGN G GL :Gda ?AT SQ kG CGh G EG dEG CG TCG qEa :b j :bh dG EG LJh kGa jG NO K .G CG TCG bCG L dGh eCH JLCG G SQ

    .G SQ fCGh G EG dEG

    :HdG H UdG HCG bh dG NCa ?jR LGQCG rCG PCJ g G SQ j dG Wh jR H Y bhh .e J :bh rCG fPCj dG AL dN HG qEG jR j :bh

    .HGh Lh qMCa ?J a LGj

    .jR Je bGdG g e S H qCG jdGh G SQ SdG iCGQ M kGjT AH ga Y e G SQ j Gh :d a ,Y jh Y .jR e e S H eh .jR H fdG WCG

    J H e bCG!!LdG Z LQh AdG Z Af

    (2004 S - dN hY PSCG c e)

  • 26

    Uc WUM~ tLbu U tHR

    WH~ tUH~ bc WOLM duD tHOMB

    WOHdF WUD WOHdF WUD

    UuKF rOUH tUu tU Uc 5uu* s

    eG sd9 s d b Uc WOLM WF

    adG OM

    bMN bF U rJ UbB% gCJ h ,jG cCG HJ PEG ,aG MdG j ja K QHG jd j ,VdG YhQ h ,IdG KGM h ,GHEG dUCH dG j M HdG JGN h jNBG f IQSH fE ,dG Gd { adG OM { YJ gQhH dG zdG GHEG cT{ H OJ e Gg h ,YG Y

    .H AT c d c H kjW J d fa AGG e J :jJ j PEG ,dG Lf e IOSd MOdG dY h

    Wu* Uc ndF _ U u rOUH w UO_ s bd u IQ Uc qUFU Uc

    dH wU U pK W~UU* v w UG UF tO

    UdH vK bLF w

    UO{U YU UUO{Ud u w bF UG u

    UJ uUJ u

    dH oU vK WU WU0 UODF* c _ UL tK UF q??IFU UuK* s dO s eO9 U dGB cM VK dN s UMEH hA bz u tM qF& qIF u Uc UNO U0 _ UL tK UF UNG UNOK UH( tUOR s tU v tC cM l WOUJ UM 5 uN* UA uCH eH WU?? F Uc WUM~ U dF t tFL* tHM U U WOKU U e d

    w Uc vK ULKF lL VOd bOKI rOKF Ud s UG ` UMF bN' l W s Uc

    nUN r bd bM~ r U l [email protected] wU bd d tKD UJ s WOU* p vK qBb bF UJ l b rU WK WId Wb vK qB

    uuJ c qU( rB

    WObM OJA ld U qzU w dO UG qLA

    UNUJ WbMN

    Wb UJ u~fU)UU WOb u~ UJ vK u

    UI U UO oKD

    dOJH Uc U UwU'

    W{u WLd UJ q uu* qzU* UG_ q s UU dO

    uB W v U q rIM u W vK UJ u

    XuJ lu dAMK dJH b WdXu~ 13146 UHB 28589 22404852 fU 22404883 22404854 nU

    e-mail: [email protected] - www.ebdaastore.comwdJ dAK

    M CGb e h .. L h L e

  • 28H

    , QGSGh eCG fEd aj dG G g WdG jh jM a SQ CG j dG dG gh Y Jj WdG d aj e Y AHh , bM Y Y dGh Y adGh d AdH gG LGh

    . jJ WGG H dG EG dG e IYO if g eh LdG Y dhO IOS d fCGh TG g M , jdG YdGh dG GdG Y H , aCG FGdG EG dG hO WdG e j da dG Y dGh jdG AbEG dHh , jOCGh

    . SdG YLGh ObGh SS c Y IQY g WdG a , Kh WJQG H Jjh NCG j e AL c , WdG cQCG j a EGh NCG Y AL f CG fGdG e Y Y J cQCG gh , FGLCGh

    . H bdG W Jh , J dG eSG jdG Y SSCG j eSEG c jdG SdG ac Y j dG SSCG g jda , dEG ff GPG idG fdG gh , bdGh eGh. NCG hO cQ hG fL Y j eT S

    SDj jO fa SS dh jO c Gh SEG MEGh dGh jGh OG e d a SdG IMdG SCG Y dhdG ebCG e e ,G a UCG CGe iQdG CGe L a , IdGh c H dGh SdG H IGhGh CGdG jM ch

    . SLCG eMCG AL a , ObG SSCG jCG g SEGh Qh AGTh H e , dG eG FS d dd eG H d Vhh , cGdGh bdG SCGh Ggh , HdG e Gh fEH J dG eG LG hdG e c G if M dG gf e , eSG ObG G G jeG SCGQ Y LGj dG jObG eRd M OjE dh a

    . dG dG ddG G AH c d d SEG AL GNCGh J MCG e H eh YLG bdG Vjh , e bdG g Y Mh , IGh MdGh SH jOCGh FGdG fc e jG G Gg jJ LG M EG YOh , GQc Gfc Gh jdGh H feCa , Y OT H , iNG fjO e QL c Gh IG

    Gfc Gh SdG H IGhGh dG gCG . SLCG hCG jOCG e

    , LQG bdG EG aVEH Gg H jCG dP j eSG jda iNCG hdG e edG SS d H dG Oe Va IQhG Gh GMGh OdGh bJGh Gh

    .QG bGdG Y j eSG jdG dH dUG YLG SQGh Y dG e a , SdG dGh J dCe jdG G f H XCG e iOa g e G f a Mh OdH CG YLG EG j CG j a dHh , G e AL g fEG , SdH U GP j CG EG jCG Hb , dhdG SS Y jdG d a G J M { AdG MG b ch

    . { G T a

    a SdH dG bd dH eCG e da , H jdG bY Y J JJ , e J e dZ jdG MdG jdG eG , d fc dG dG Y , e dh e a a eSG eT Y dSQ g eSG jda eh eR d dU gh , fGG c . SdGh OLd c ah , , e H UN fb g dG fbh fEd g eSG jdG fb H jObGh SdG fGa , Y H hCG L c jCG d d YLGh

    . jO dGh FdG aQ SEG G c , MG Y MC a a , H dGh Y , SGS SEG jGQ a L , dP Z hCG e , Y hCG Yh SEG dhO d J M d

    . gG LGh

    Y g fe HG WGG EG Y MGdG dG OGaCG H dG fjdG hCG gG hCG dG hCG dG SSCG g jdGh , Wd AfG j M , YL H eDj dG jdGh IdG e SEGh , EG SSCG Y e Y H d WGd G Gg M OGaCG GMG Y SEG a , dG H JjMh bM IYGeh eCG g G , jOh fd Y

    .QGSGh

    MdG Y gdG Y jOf

    , . , h

    ,

    SGZh eG H hCG cH FdG G

    .O 100 IFG eh HdG

  • 30H ZCG cH d c Y bJ dG Gb H d ,IOQdG L K Jh , bQG Zd H T LQ KJh QdG QGT L d dG ILCG J ,AdG NdG IdG ah dG HQ h ,IOhdH J j CG j CG , aG Gf j dG e jh JYfG KDjh LGe jh a , Gh IdG h GdH R dG Ye ,a MGdG d c ,UN a h SW IQJ h cGY j YS .. e IM a CH dbCG CG OQCG e , eeCG d gj J UG GY NJ G GMCG h HQCG dG e a , Le d a dh ,GG jL a fG dGh IHdG QeCGh AdG QOGH j IOhdG h , ffEG bY CGh , IOhdG g e ad H hCG jH d

    a fe H ej f G g f CSGh YLG IQaf EG fG

    ?H Kj LQG AGS d HPL b a ????? dG iS UNh dG AY hj ch LEH hCG dH eh NG hdG KCJ h dG QdG b H dG edG e UQdG AdG j H dG cH j e dG Wh QdG ZdG Y%3 LdG e cCG%8 ICGG Y KDj ddG h dG eCG EG a FdG dG ICGG IQb YLG JQG g h OLe a YLG ISCG AH SMEGh YLG HGhdG jJh J h IMdG T e dG h WGG R h EG dG QaCGh jcdG J OWCG G fb ah HS fC QN MG ATCG H J N SCGh G FGQ icP iS G dG h FGdG jcdG h MdG EG d FGQ Ua c f fCG h

    jdG h jdG h AdG OGOJ HdG CH SGQdG J c dL dG CH CG ZdG Yh jG GG be EG NG dP Lj h AdG d cCG AGdG IdG UCa a bG h bEG h G Ea Gd jaCG dP ifh J M YWh T h fEG Y KCJ d c

    : dG KCG a dG e SCf dG dG

    dG TCG e zIc YLzEG cd IOG jG jhOCG gJ aQ J PEG ,edG Y gKCJ e M a fJ hdG{ e dGSCG YCG AWCG KK dEG gP e c S dP K M h GNDe :!: .d LdH GJ ahG gGdG CG jW eR e SGQdG LQ a GG J QhO fJhdG Ad j RGaEG CG EG AdG N bh . SG AdG TCG N j (fJ hdG) dG TCG X c Jj d AdGh TCG b ,JQGM TGh QdG dG j M SG GVG GDj

    . G ceCG e cCG cG h dG aGdG iMEG e dH QaEG a NG CGh AdG e kGc kc e Nj h HG e bCG AdG dG fh aGG H HGdG M iJ CG Y c H KDJ dG CHh fEG LCG CG f h jdG dG OdG hCG G AGS dG dG Y G AdG VQCG H f CH e fC G b h e IG Y YJ cCG TQ h H G dG fCa dG Y J a jNBG Hh H aG G d jN Vh f a JjRJ h fGdCG h SJ H dc M fCH h SJ J CG EG Y SEH CGa Y IgX c S h FGhO e JOS h ag W N a T hO JOGQEG h dDhJ VY e QdG hO dH j d UG YLG hdG g dG a jdG Y dG HU CG jGhdG HG IdG Me hJ Y hCG dG Y d hCG HdG Y JKCG h JGP Y fG e dfG ae hJ OhM SJ gH FOdG dG IOQ EG

    Y MG dhO d LG SdG dG QeCG a d H G J NCG fGb YGQ MJ YO NG YGe dG h YdG eMCG J bh Me h G d :IgdG fH dM c jJ Hh HdG Jh dG CGd G SG SQG SG edG h hdG Ge e eCG aCG gh IH IN ad UdG Se h QGH EG jJ a IN c d J CG h GG iMCG e LGh EG hCG d GU GMh EG IG J hM SQ Jh T c bO YGe J V fG GPEG cCG gh REG e aGhdG jRJ YGe jG SCG e h dG f h IG GgCG h bGdG h OM a YHCG dG G REG h IdG QWEH Mh dG AdG h VH LQG GWCG NJ e j L d jN J CG EG Y e gHh e dG SQ jh JM jGhR c CG CH dG bG h eCG hQ h REG gc gJ h MS LGS e eG VGh W D Qf AGHG h dG IG fCH YG h Sf W aNJ J CG VQCG cMh dG c c h dG UCG f Y h Jh IjL bfH a CG CG G d EG fa a J dG G e hJ h Jc J IOdG HfRh G HhY h IG Meh YJQGh FU EG fCGh Ad SCGQ aQCG SW UG J W aGL T G PEH dN VQCHh IH h d IOhH h UGY h cGdG h RdG e jdGh h jdG fCG G f

    f aGL jN GY S GRe PEG IG fK H :Me

    c FGO T e j AGdG RdG GQcdG

    dG a

    .O 75 IFG eh HdG SGZh eG H dG cH FdG G

  • 32H

    ( e hY d fCG dG GhJ CG OBG H j dEG YCG G)

    dG Y OBG G N e Fb HEG G hYh OBG H H Gh , Gh SEG hY fCG d Vhh , dG IOY Y fJh HdG jBG fQ dG jW EG jjh OBG H j CH HEG J ga , L e LNCG h MQ e OWh G a , SGh HCa HEG EG d GhS FG a

    . jh dG jh SEG Y j IdG e EG V CG gh dG IOY dG g eh OdGh j GOY gS gJh kSW d GYNGh dG GfCH dEG Hj kdEG fh kGOe ( G hY ) HEG e GhJG b fEG : dG Y g a

    .VQ jh Oh H ddG ) G GhQJ K ( UdG ) Y OG hCG dG CGH fCG a HdG IdG g jGHh QX Y NQDG NG ? GOdG g LJ jCG I IOdG g NGh , 1291 Y jdG U egh , 1118 Y dG hG GVd dG JCfCG jdG ( dG Sa ) H Y Lh c ( e) h , GdjG (OSV) eh , fjH (ONA) c dG d fdG G J CGHh iNCG Ie X SCd dh , edG e G OY Qjh 1966 S ) fG( MdG OdG gdG SCG a kL G NCG fC idG edG gh (dG c) h , jeCG (S

    ... jaEGh HQhCGh jeCG ha dh , GY dCG 50 d! eU

    : Y j dGh edG dG iMEG JOQhCG dG G GH gCG a jdG dhO ) d jfdG SQGG iMEG dG IY e Ia 30 g CG HdG IQGRh dhDe cCG (

    . gY cGj fCG dH hjh fCG e aj jdG gGeh HT EG fLCG e dG dG Uh b g dG dN IOd G Mh G CH dGh , JUh FSCGh HHQh gdCG G MJh IdG J Y j HdG IdG g Y f dh

    .. LdG dG e H PYCGh , IOdG dG Y ,QdGh adG Mh gh , c

    eRdG a jH

    , j fC gNDjh dYCG LDj e c

    MCG h YCG a j d JCj CG ) G dG j( j? G dG Gg g e

    ,AG j b dP Z hCG FY hCG de hCG Y QeCG e j ZT Y dh dG dP J fCa , e h a Ze j fG. h J OJ fdG Zeh

    e e j G dG dP gP EG H , d jf dG fdG g e g hCG e CH e Zh jCG aU gP j G dG a QOb fCH Jh YCG H b GP G ej J g CG H , a Gg dh , b e M EG b Y aJ a ae QaCGh

    . HSCG hCG jCG b e J CG Y T e GP ej J CG Y QfG c Y eCG dh M , GHCG aOj d dG Gg CG Y e eG dG J j S fC dG j ( G dG ) dG EG

    . eCG Wh DhdGh G EG b Lj H , bGdG VQCG Y d OLh ( G dG ) Gg C , qJh

    Y Y hT

    MG HdG eG

    eG H ddG cH FdG G .O 50 IFG eh HdG SGZh

  • 34H

    Y gGMEG fc K T IQfEG Y WGN cCG aZ dL c H d , jdG a fCG fC Q J d gAWEG Qa AfG Th e J YdG H d fG LQCG :J fCch WJ fCG MCG d cJ ,fhQh Jb ec fCGh JfCG dG jCG J cJ ddG H c H ,QhO fG dJ ddG a ,a FV Y YG dG dG ?j QgORGh dG c eY jcJ g , Jh UNEG e d a e ,LG J Y ASG FJ EG AdG Y IMGh GJ gG IDdDdG c dG G dG cJ GdH ? bhCG g Y aCG eH BG ,adG X jDhdG J fC EG MG d fS dG Qb eb Uh Y bh FV Vh S ch T GP Qa dGh fdH QT HfG gYh INCG h hCG d d e gJ a U FdG T UCGh HGP M FbO EG g eh WCG CG eQCG fEG , HCG EG YGOh h YGOh Jh YOJ fCch JOY Z Y gJh dH AdG Gg Hj eh FHCG LCG e Jh gAY CH d

    . MQ H dG efCG j h S IjY

    g UCG c , WG dG JEGh dGh NCG Q Lh FOe V gCG eh dM IjY ce J f LQNh NGO jOh Whh VYh deh eO GOe G UCGh , dGh bdG e dG eSEG Y dG VGe e c T h , HZ H Y UCG c , HZ AH e UCG a , HdG Wh ALQCG dGh dG OG fG d , , dGh FdGh jdc cCG e jd X H , dG jc UCG dG dc S UCG JM jdhCG CG a SSCG fCG f fL c , dGh H IQe hO UCG ,IG fGc UCG c FdG Gdc H Qf dG fL dh dG AfCG H G fCGh KSGh NU f BGh ,SCG e a e H eSEG JQc IQM e eh adG , Y d H f CG fC S d SCd , BG H f e hCG h jh eh Qf UCG g ? SdG fG GP , e SQa e UCG a , GdGReh dY GS a , gJ f UCG H , dG G g jW Y WGH Yj GUCG H iOJ g , G g H GLeh W M QX EG dG a Uh d , gGe c MCG Ia h gGe c MCG bdH MCG iJ HGdG YdG J a , jO ADg e gCGh fdJh bh JGOY dj e c Gf UCGh LQdG d G GdG J SG d , fG IT e dG EG J CG LGM OJh gM e J fY OJ H RH iJ H QGdH hCG UCG , fOf Jh dY d NBG J e VJ UCGh , jg fGd dG id OLG WdG dGh IG dY

    Y H Oe H b H jg H Wh H jO H gc fc fh, Z e cCG j CG GdG J e c g JHdG jhGQ

    dG c

    Y d e c ?,Le Q

    HdG c

  • H (

    N e SQeCG IOY d JH dG edG bJ jCG hQCG e VjQ, G e Hhg G jQdG G GdG MdG GfCG e fh VjdG GfCG MCc dGh dG bdG Qgh Qd dG Y e e EG M , NGdG jdG VQG Y JLh a FGa S d CG QYHh Gh jdG EG jdG e MH dG Gg dG Qa G RaG Gh T G jQG dG e GSCG H JCG M Lh eY dH T ch dG OdGh dG EG IOYh, Gg NdG j ALQ Y c GSCG MCG Y a IAGdG e cCd dG IQdG Vhh fK dG eCa G

    .G Gg NdG j ALdG f

    NGH Ib Lh G NO eY hQCG dh FGQ IQY f RJ FS cd Hheh jS FdG Nj HdGh dG Gg c CG a , YdGh FdG e fG dG Y eO dS jCG e YCG h jh QU NGO G NdG XCG ,G H Y HG MdG EG cGQ dhgh N Y hgCG La NdG f JAGb YCGh H MG gCGj AGdG CG hCG HWdG e e Q f GP.. NdG Y e a LJ Gh H T IG g f NBG EG Hc Th dG NH J TGdGh QgdG H jU SCG GGGh NOG dh QdG dG EG NO h , bG b jdG XCG QG EG hgCG f Lhh dG ALdG Y c a LJ Q f.. HQ j gfCG dG cQH Mj dG T h NJ M cCG Sj Q dG EG gd G e NBG EG S e dGh NdG e dGh G ddG fCS AGdG jh IQdG jjCHh QdG dG e Y LCG H PEGh fCS GPEG G VjQ SQ VjdG gg M f hCG IdGdG W jWCG bhjh dG Tj ISCG OGaCG c dCG d IdG FdG g EG GhfG hCG , fdG g j fCch dG h H h S M dG G OYCS GPEG G Vjd j GSa UCG AGdG CG XCG , LQCG NO jd jCG hCG Gg e dh Lj Gb Y aG UGh Nj dGh e fG GdG H MH aSGh RdG TGh Y Sc NS f LQG h NJ dG MG Lj Y Gge NO FGQ TG H PGh dG Sc e JQG GHh Y J efH La Nj UTG H jdG JHTh HT Y j f j H GPGh dG eGh NGO NdG FGH TG d NdG Y Geh QT jd Nj

    jQ H GPeh GP hDG e OJ dh , dGh FdG Y Gh Gh bdG Sh gG YdG j dG SJG cLQG Qb e a hG g NG G G eG dh YOQh NG H QGb QUG G Gg bhG G SG GHGh GQG Y cS Q MG b TS Q YdG JS Q dG AGdG f fYO dG Gg dGh NdG NdG cGh RdGh FGGh dG fYG c TGh dM e LS Q NdG GQdGh GSGh SQGG

    NG Zh Nd

    QG Sj S

    MG HdG eG

    36

    Gf

    f dGYdGY

  • 37 JC dG OdG Y QJ dG eG cQT

    HdG HdG SGZ e eG IFG HQGh GQG e jbd WdG SGZ h

    jdG eL dW c EG d edG dG hCG jQdG gG hCG UG eG iMEG hCG

    dG

    G Hc ge jdh

    b CG bj ... dCJ e de SQCG Y ja aK SS OcCG HW YLG(

    )NBG CG hCG jO

    : cQG hT Ye dG J CG

    .edG dG H Jh HdG dH dG J CG bQCGh eGh dG SG( JdG Y ee dG e aj

    )UGdG

    [email protected] G G Y dG SQEG : cQd [email protected] hCG

    c 20 e jdG d WdG OG e e FGG SG e G OdG IFdG Y j , jdH jdG eL SdG

    eG

    : eG FGG HQGh

    `` J`` F`` L ```` ```` HQGh ... Q``````````aCG ````````fG

    .O 100 hCG cG

    :jYH FGG

    .O 75 dG cG .O 50 ddG cG

  • 38H

    dG dhCG dG e Yf g c .G dG g dG h OYG SfCG MCG ZG iMCH hCG MCG e JM OYG J ej jOY e iQCG CfCG j cCG VG Vd.edG

    :GDdG Gg jCGQ g Qe b fCG h j g c GPEG 3 La aG e dH cQ hjj h G bGh UTCG Th Yh je RY dhCG .aG j fCG dG dG g dGh G Y jY T g ddG h jCG e J CG J c h fCG hCG cP c AGS

    g dG RdG ICGG NG j OdG fEG ?a MGh T NG Y Lj c GPEG J S dG a !jCG e j G|e IL Ua g h JM fCG jCG e j fC dG NG j OdG fEG .jdG a JM TY b fEG e G M Y dG fEG j .OYG dG g Gg .GO Gj b UdG g a GPEG fC G NCG j OdG fEG .dEG G Od Gg EG UdG a G dG EG ff GPEG e d h .jd dG GQG H Qj CG Y Lj h QNG f j CG j J jJ c d dG jdG dG e gJ fCG h G EG RdG j c dG EG IQdG Je J :g h CG GG

    .OYG dG h G dG g Gg .e d e dG h OYG dG Ic LGM g dh G dG LGM CG hCG Ob Lj fG Mf fEa d ff GPEG

    ?IM jH fEG j GP d h. HLEG aCG g G J e HLEG H j dG.MGh BG T c jj dG fEG QhdG e cM J h O dG OdG e fCG Qf CG SG GPEG. (IQdG dG g ) jd e j CG jj fC g HLEG

    .aCG ATCG Y f CG f fCa G Y h AdG Y h OYG dG .OYG J He G dG j edG dYCG fG CG fK jH HS gb dG QeCG f CG f dG G VhCGh OdG e f Qj CG j a !H G Oj dG QeCG h j CG j dG QeCG f Oj fEG j h fL FG M G h OdGh OGYEG j CG h OdG dG Ob e Qj CG fEG Yj G J dh . jd e CG SG fEG GPEG fG fTG HdG ddG .G dG HS b c g h CG K SCG h fK jH dCG EG e GPEG .j e EG Gj CG He jd e Gcj CG j jdG SdG e dGh dG CG f . e aCG Y j fEa Ob e fCG GhQM :g h CG d ebCG CG jQCG f G h .IM lo knllo nnnjH hj fCG g dGh ?dP M dG g

    . JM AGS fG0hS h G

    Se

    3

  • 39

    ??Fe cCG CG ch ??DhdG g e ej fCG dCS a..Id Gh FG fG Yh ..DhdG Y S e Gc

    , oGHCG oUJ eY lHjEG lIf gh ,e mQaCGh Ye Y ISh,jL MGQ EG QJ oKh VdH NGO lQT g DhdG EG.MG Jh ,eCG oJh

    lFGQh , G M Af CG lL g a , jNBG IOS Sa mL d lQOeh oW e Y ce ,fO lS FG fEG EG. ofC I oW gh HQ ojH Vfh ,dG GJ eY Af CG

    DhdG H j d aQGdG IOdG pX Cf C jW g eRCG bh dDhJ EG )H Y mX m oM Y fCG( f d Y G b .AdG h pG e H S H

    eMCG c J jHdG e G h Ib h S cCG fCGh e J a ...SGhIM S h eGbCG J GPEG SCJ a g dG a ..dG jf g ATCG jf CG J h ...JU fc e MGh d c Y MQ h...MGh T

    ...Y iJ e c jL M jGH QfG dM e CG hMh dN M Y dG h MdG Z AGdG a GQTCG Y H AGdG EG aJ

    Y SCJh Oj d a eCG Y ...dG ja...Mjh bGQhCG j S dG c GPEG h dG jj a...V eCG c GPEG fEG L Z e H MG h MGQ a dG fh e GAL j M G Y Of b fMCG J ha j e GPEG dh e GAL CG ha jdG d Aj e GPEG h f fh.. Y Of M G bj fMCG dG gLh dM CGh fJ CG Ic ATCG IG CG Y Ha...TejCG X AJ CG Ic

    AdG b e LCGh efCG VG jCG e LCG GNCGh dG jCG e LCGh S fCG IVG jCG

    e g CG IG e LCG h JCJ fCG JCS..IG dh ....FGO Fa

    dG jHdG c

    .. . gQeCG ch MGhQCGh dY Sd d G dfG jT... Gh hdGh dG jO .. dG jO.. SEG

    ..... d gOS hMCS Ic SC MGH.. eSEG MCG GP LhN Hh, EG SdG bG gh jPCG Y Mh jYH eCG dCGh H gG a eCG AMCG N CG e SEd M b CGH c OHGh e G PJGh IdH Lh fh Y Y aMCG c Y c eYh HJh J H edCG Id Y e edGh dG jCG dG e c dch, dGh IdG aCG Y G N aCG JhH Mh GG Y dG

    .H he T ch VGh fc jg h ahe fcQCG L p pd oS n pd nh oI s prdG p s p nh ) IjY C, d b hCG fe hCG e T cG dh h Y NG h QNG QGO N..e.. fCG fCG nI nc sdG GoJrDoj nh nI n sdG G o poj nh nA nn oM nj udG ond n p p r o n s G Gh oorn pd spEG Gho peoCG nenh )) fPEH IY fCGh (( n on rnj n n p pano rG s pnd nh n p perD or pd nh X c QLCGh YCGh, (( p nYnO G nPpEG p G sdG nI n rYnO o pLoCG lj p nb upE na u nY pOn pY nndnC nS G nPpEG nh )) IMh d GHCG fCGh(( p nu nrdG oj pO n pd nPnh H SG Gh QSG JSG Gh SG HQ dS Gh fPEH a SG b hCG H CNCG Gh G PEH IQe FNCGh

    .... KZCG EG Pa H WMCG jCGh . j Y fS IdG Q HQ eh M Hh H dG KhCG e gh eSEG MCG c

    .. Yh EGh bh Y jeSEG MCG Hd M e MGH

    g Y

    e

  • e d..jL Hh ..FdGh G e jh..GMG h OdG e bH ..d jgCG..QdG MCH ..QS MQCG fEG h..GHCG b Od j NG Ea NG c a..LG AdG dHh..gGh cQT

    ... adG h OGdG d h G CSCG...cQGh MGbH QOj e H MdG c. QjG g : IG

    : dG hdG jdG `Y UGdG Lj MGbG h QSd h [email protected]

    : a .. QhZ J .. MCG c .. KM c .. b j

    MGL ZH .. fCa .. H aCG CG h .. MCG CG M UJ h .. Z d J .. `c .. eg ZH ..

    g .. T J .. dP eh .. j H e .. JOS Y JOS KDJ .. J c NGH

    .. SCGh J .. e EG YCG h .. Gj d j h .. JG h J .. e CGh e J

    e .. e fCGh e fCa .. G IMh EG H .. eGMGh .. LEG d bCG CG EG j .. eMGh

    ..b j jdG h dG c e d

    , f h KG h T h fS e TC bdG g bG

    dG ASG d h , GMG h OdG c e d h bh d Qe , jdG h dG c d eCG : BG bh fG d h JfS dG dGh , h S

    h jJ a MG SS Y-jdG c.O , Y j eG Y-VdG S.O , J

    gGd J h Yd eGMG h T Y dG , GQe h fY fc dG ddG e , HdG , TG GT G TG h HG bG G

    CH J QGHG , dG c bGeh Jbh jg fCG h ,JMGbG f ch MbG c je , IQe

    d hCG QOG fc dG G S AdGh dG e dG jG h GT dG e ADg d .. dG

    .j e a gcP Y JcGP J

    HCG fO .. NBG Y gPG .. SdH CGHG M bT h .. SMEG fG QdG g d h .. a

    bdG QGdG a LG d .. fdG Y ba d e cJCG ..

    .. d bQdG J Y SQCG

    .. a j e LCG.. LeCG h GdCG NCG

    .. a g aCG d.. GjL T LCG d

    .. GdCG H.. W LCG d

    ..fedG QL HCG.. e LCG d

    .. d CGj h j.. Ia LCG d

    .. jj J.. GRY W LCG d

    .. Y dG e H.. J GdCH dG JGP LCG d

    .. f T G h.. cGTCG LCG dP H d

    .. eb eJ CG hO gYCG.. fMCG d LCG d

    .. jQGJ GdG gGQGh b.. GQf e iQCG d

    .. dd X j.. VH j Ld TG c

    .. dZ j d TG c.. GRGL LCG GdCG H d.. bH dZ j pMG h

    .. GAV MJ CG b IG JfG c.. HZ H dG pfMG c h

    .. bYG pY e j MCG.. jQGL dCG INBG QGdG d

    QjG gYLG dG c

    e .. AGdG VQG e .. SdG VQG e L cQe Y J .. IdG OH

    YG QG ZU .. Ye efCG e NG e ... d GH IKDe QS kSGf H gCG .. a e T HCG

    FLQCG j

    bdH CGh q ``H MCG TGa d

    GQhdGh e WCG .. G H JCG TGa d

    IgR `d IgRZCG a bCGh

    T Y dG SQCG TGa djXdG

    jNBG b EG MdG `` pNOCGhfdG MhCG gGdG fGdCH TGa d

    WCG f LCG TGa dfMj

    cjj

    dG SQCG .. dG Sf HCGeBGh

    H TCG .. adG AdG MCGdG AGdG

    ceCG Z QhRCG h .. QfCG a MCGG

    MCG , g e k GH WCG TGa dedG TCGh aCG k dY

    UCGh , MCG e QGH MCG TGa de CH Gfc dh d

    hG hGj H dhdG j AGg d

    hJh JCJ HS dHQO V e QO Aj Qf e gh d

    dG q OHCG / `d Qf e gh djNBG b

    jd G ` pTQCG Qf e gh ddG

    42YG e

  • . jL b c gH qWCGhdG Y AdG q HC T d

    dG dEG jh Ojh J T db d h

    M eh .. AdG `qjj b ddG jh b j .. d j e

    Jh MCG hO .. jQCG e QhRCG M dS ee LC .. fEG c Pj M dGMCG hQCG HCGh gG hQCG SQCG M d

    jdG j k M UCG dAGM jQL IOQh d

    AGh dG FGZA q` ``Z jM YhQe AGM jQL

    AL e c Jge `d jALQCG q` `jh dG e j

    d TCG e Y j Y de MQCG

    gQGH HCGGgP jCG d k Y cCG

    bQaCG Ae / U fbQj h

    eCG Iaf dSdG L e j

    e hQCG IadG `J e hjAdG bQR Y J aU IHh .. AGN J hj

    AdH k Gq `e k be k GZ hjATCG e bC .. YdG d

    G WCGh IOdG Y bCGdH TCG

    IOdG JCG dG qUCG

    H ZCGd MG c dG `J e `d IOdH SC .. YdG d

    e dH HCGh .. MCG e e L d OYC . . . Lh Y bOdG dG a JQG d OYCG . . .

    IOdG LC a b N ! ... d. JOY k jW L eR e gH `d OYC

    a Md dH j dH TCG

    GdCG iQCG .fdG Xj

    LCG cCG CG jj l c. aj gGQCGh

    .. IYT dcCG hG SQ JCG

    GOG `eCG daCG H dG LCG d

    . QS k ehO cQTCG `dh .. c b j Y qYCG ``d ,, k GNCG

    .. d ] c b Y q cCG dT HCG U a

    e e ddG QNG e dG M FGdG Yd FGQ Ib dH Jb dG M h GHG e cJCG ,SdG c

    e

    `Lii Q` ej a LdG V

    `e `fZh hdG NG Ze`dGii `Je S fG QOG fG

    `Nii bhH e dG b dG ehc g d dG H J SdG

    Gii cS hGdG H N ch`dGhii QdGh hYdG JM Y

    Q`M `jdG `J `e dGhh`jii `e dGh d VY`bii Z Y dG N HhP

    fdHii J Th HQ d WG j`dgii `a G `N b MGh e`eii `dH e G e`b `Y dGh Uh ee UdG`jii `Y Y dG b GhQ`Yii `jh `d Qhj N b G

    `ii edGh cj Gj dGUii a b G Y H dGhdGii LQ e G HL e c G

    `fGii G`J b G Z HGh

    43 YG e

  • 44

    .. jcdG dCG YGJ Gj.. dG cG d

    .. jdG eCG Y ZCG NCG h Y ZCG.. IAGH e jOQh MCG W Y iQCG

    .. H EG dG e.. fdG LCG e .. eCG Sh J eCH e FOg IM

    .. N .. Y .. Z .. Ja .. lOa .. Mh

    .. AjbCG b e V .. jG bGdG j .. Md hd dH kgCG h d kYGOh

    .. dG dG IFe eCG W aG h TJ Ma.. j jG M h dH GYG

    S```b ````j .. SCj h V Qe jd IQhG SG h QdG eCG LCa

    .. kTG ojJ kGQf .. dG Qf TCa dG LM cGh.. QShCG FGL TJ M .. b dH T jJ cGh

    .. kGjW hCG kb hCG kGSCG eEG GMCG jQS U hCG Y.. MH NGH e Y aCa .. dG SCG

    !.. dG M .. j e SG h aQa MG QU e IQU LG

    .. G QGG aGf J CG eCG Y.. G h G f a eCG e kGL a

    .. kGU kU UG h jG M j Ta.. HhdG IT Z d dh M eQCa

    .. HdG eGdG GQhCG bJ fc .. kjN fc.. M kGOYh fc .. dH kM fc

    .. dG Lh GYG Lf e..AdG Y QGUEGh .. eCH dG Y Gh Sd LH

    .. HCd J CG b jhe IT Y d.. kGY IKG a AGLCG e H e Y d

    !.. IZ kGU.. eHG jH eO jGH .. jdG HbG

    .. dG AYR j.. QN h QNG .. jdG HbG

    YG e

    .. Y Ue e lQb.. J OJ T QT fH fa

    !?.. J g d.. H jdG fG h b GMCG dG jCG HJ

    .. J M J OJ dG dG bJ h QZ ZQ h .. FbO H jCG Q h e gDe S EG g e

    .. QdG Ib h jCG.. J l T Ya

    .. dG h dG J iNCG dG Y

    .. IZ kGU .. kGU .. kGa HdG c ~ dG Q

    IjL cQe .. jhH T Y J .. T h Ajc H d MJ dCG h .. e Me .. jOdG HdG G e

    .. d h d J .. ddj JQf h .. T j

    SS fCG d

    H fG Sd hSCG c fG

    fG SCG c hSGdG aGQ dG fGG hO Z h

    SGfG e ShOCG dG fGdG h gG JhY fGShQ HT d dG fG

    T e SGQ SCG c dG fG

    H Sd fG h

    jhH T

    jOdG HdG G

  • jdG jG / OGYEG : hCG Iaf

    dG ge Y dCS eY b QGf j G SCGQ IQe e g fCG dj hG K jG e FGLh k `ch kIbh G kN TGh

    .NG

    , dG YCG e N fCG, dj WGdG Sh SCGh GeCGh WCG e QdG W d fCGh

    . dG H EG OY K , gdG

    HQ Qc Y NO fCG j jG Afh dh ,gFX Y HYh ,gT e a , TGT Y jQ Jh, WGYh gQGSCH

    QWh ML gh,

    bb , AT sCG j CG dG CH ke eDhCG p J eO , Ff mIjL GeCG eQ AKCG eCG jS Y lW c dSQ , FH m a ! IgR pH Y G aGh TGa M hCG , ef

    jGhQ hCG , dg Me j b fCH dc eDhCG HN M hCG ,Ib k UbCG hCG ,eZ

    .. oG AjdG c Y gGe

    G kjJ hCG , ZCG hCG ,G kf j b fCH eDhCG kjCG!! a ke M hCG , QTCG a Y kMU

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