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細胞/組織/器官系統個體

Ref: Mosby items derived items ., 2006

授課教師 : 莊朝欽email: Elliottchin@gmail.com

生醫衛保：生理學概論

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ref : Campbell 8th., 2002

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Kostas_Tokatlidis., 2003

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Cell Structure &

Organisation

Trina Wong ., 2011

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細胞 Cell

1.生命最基本的獨立單位是「細胞」2.各類細胞也有不同的型態，如有些神經細胞有長達1公尺的神經纖維，另外像男性的生殖細胞－精子，就特化成蝌蚪狀。

3.各式各樣的細胞會扮演不同的角色和功能，如有些細胞是維持生長，負責代謝，有些則是生殖繁衍或負有神經電位激發的功能。

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White Blood CellsRed Blood Cells

Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

Cell Structure and Function:

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63Here comes your footer Page 8

ref : Campbell 8th., 2002

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1)Cell Surface Membrane

2)Cytoplasm

3)Nucleus

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Cell Surface Membrane

Trina Wong ., 2011

Cell biology., 2006

Cell membrane structure

Tangient LLC., 2015

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細胞膜的運輸

一個物質要橫跨細胞膜運輸有兩種形式：1. 被動運輸(passive transport)：不需細胞

消耗能量便能執行，主要是依賴該物質分子在細胞膜兩側的濃度梯度(concentration gradient)，分子由高濃度處運送到低濃度的一側。

2. 主動運輸(active transport)：為需要消耗能量的運輸方式，逆著濃度梯度，將物質分子由低濃度的一側通過具選擇性的通透膜，送到高濃度的一方。

Tangient LLC., 2015

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基礎生理學 辛宗和., 2001 Tangient LLC., 2015

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基礎生理學 辛宗和., 2001

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基礎生理學 辛宗和., 2001

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Here comes your footer Page 21Cell biology., 2006

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CytoplasmBetween the cell surface membrane and the nucleus

Contains enzymes and organelles

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細胞質及胞器細胞質是指細胞膜內與細胞核外的物質，由顆粒狀的胞器或其他內含物，再加上液狀的細胞內液所組成。

內質網(Endoplasmic Reticulum；ER) 核糖體(Ribosome)高基氏體(Golgi Apparatus)溶小體和微小體(Lysosome and Microbody)粒線體(Mitochondria)細胞骨架(Cytoskeleton)中心粒(Centriole)纖毛及鞭毛(Cilia and Flagella)

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Mitochondria

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1. Double membrane

2. Mitochondrial (maternal) DNA

3. “Power House” of the cell

4. Food converted into energy

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Mitochondria

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Endoplasmic reticulum

Ref: Mosby items derived items ., 2006

Site of protein synthesis

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Golgi complex

Proteins from the endoplasmic

reticulum are packaged in the Golgi

complex

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The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action

Introduction to Chemistry: General, Organic, and Biological (v.

1.0).

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.nsysu.edu.tw/Bio

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Nucleolus

Trina Wong ., 2011

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Cell

cycle

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Cell

cycle

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ref : Campbell 8th., 2002

泰宇., 2006

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Gene Structure:

DNA RNA Protein

Gene Structure

DNA RNA Protein

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for reproduction or display.

Cref : ampbell 8th., 2002

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Cref : ampbell 8th., 2002

減數分裂的生命意義

1.維持生命新個體然色體的恆定

2.基因的多樣性以應對外在變動的環境

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Red Blood Cell

Root Hair Cell

Nerve Cell

Sperm Cell

Egg Cell

Specialized Cells

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Cell Differentiation

Trina Wong ., 2011

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失控的細胞

DNA

DNA

DNA

DNA

DNADNA

DNADNA

DNA

G1

Cell growth

SDNA replication

G2Cell growth

preparation for division

Mitotic Phase (M)

Interphase

Interphase

Interphase

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Tumors in Liver

Tumor in Colon

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Skin cancer

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Tissue of Human

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組織人體內類似的細胞會組成具有特定功能的組織，依其不同之構造及功能共有四大類：1. 上皮組織2. 結締組織3. 肌肉組織4. 神經組織

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Cummings.

Neurons and Nerve Tissue

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Cummings.

Muscle Cells

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Epithelial Cells and Epithelium

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Cummings.

Epithelium: Glands

Here comes your footer Page 55 Here comes your footer Page 56iteachbio.com/Anatomy-Physiology., 2005

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Here comes your footer Page 57iteachbio.com/Anatomy-Physiology., 2005

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中華民國防癌協會同意刊載

口腔癌(突出白斑型舌癌)

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Organ of Human

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NO Thank you!

Organization of Human Body

iteachbio.com/Anatomy-Physiology., 2005

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Organ Systems of

Human

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Circulatory System

iteachbio.com/Anatomy-Physiology., 2005

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Some types of organ systems are,

Circulatory,

Respiratory,

Digestive,

Nervous,

and Reproductive.

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IntegumentarySystem

MuscularSystem

SkeletalSystem

NervousSystem

EndocrineSystem

CirculatorySystem

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Human Body

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總結 SUMMER1. 個體的DNA遺傳訊息儲存於細胞的何處？細胞核2. 細胞內負責合成能量(ATP)重要胞器(organelle)為-粒線體3. 細胞內囊泡的外膜會和細胞膜融合後 釋放出細胞外稱為-胞吐作用 (主動運輸)

4. 鈉鉀幫浦(sodium-potassium pump)之敘述(A)運作時不須消耗ATP

(B)屬於主動運輸(D)是一種離子通道(ion channel)

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細胞外液中主要陽離子為：鈉離子 (Na+)

細胞內液中主要陽離子為：鉀離子 (K+)

6.俱備分泌功能的組織為何?上皮組織7.人體最大的器官為-皮膚8. 具協調身體內各器官活動之功能的物理訊號-神經系統

具協調身體內各器官活動之功能的化學訊號-內分泌系統

★對人體細胞而言，下列何者為等張溶液？ 0.9%的NaCl溶液及5%的葡萄糖溶液為等張溶液低維持細胞膜液態特性的主要組成物質是：磷脂質