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( ' 31) ( . 813102 -4102 3102) "-3102 [/067]

( ' 41), "4102 [/748]. 91

( ' 51) ( . 025102 5102), "4102 [/298]

( ) (), "3102 [/997]. 12

( ), "-4102 [/148]. 22

-: ( ), "-3102 [/0611]; . 32-: ( ) "-3102 [/2041]

: [/91/0031]. 42

( ), . 52"2102 [/91/7502]

, "3102 [/91/3722]. 62

- , "3102 . 72[/187]

( - ), . 82"3102, [/91/ 5811]

( ), "4102 . 92[/91/ 1162]

, "3102 . 03[/91/8121; /91/7421; /91/1672]

( ) ( . 13), "3102 [/91/ 0351]

, "-/4102 [/91/8382; /91/3582 ]. 23

( ), "3102 [/ 91/ 7691; . 33/ 91/ 6802; / 91/ 6361; / 91/ 579; / 91/ 649]

- : ( ) [/91/2312]. 43

( ), . 53"4102 [/91/4122]

( ), . 63"4102 [/ 91/ 638; /91/357]

( ), "-3102 [/91/6751]. 73

( ), "3102 . 83[/91/9512; /91/8991; /91/0502; /91/352]

( ), "4102 . 93[/91/8222]

? ? : , , . 044102/21/21 ,rekraM ehT

, "-3102 [/91/9111], . 14 ( ), "3102 [/91/3601]

19 - | 6263

The Social Guard was founded in the wake of the Israeli Social Justice Protest Movement to advance socio-economic legislation and to reduce the democratic deficit between the people and their representatives. We believe that one of the most important markers of a successfully functioning democracy is the ability of its citizens to access and interact with the centers of political power. As such, since 2012 we have brought hundreds of Israeli citizens to observe and report on Knesset committee discussions. We conducted regular research monitoring members of Knesset activities and the legislative process in order to present to the public a true account of the performance of elected representatives, and to promote accountability of Knesset Members.

The 19th Knesset was the first in which the Social Guard was present from start to end. During this period the organization acted with the help of observers who attended the discussions in the Knesset and documented their impressions, volunteers in the research department who interpreted bills and prepared back-ground materials for observers, the sites volunteer team who prepared testi-monies for publication and many other activists who supported and initiated research projects and field events. This detailed summary presents the insights gained from the Social Guards activities during the 19th Knessets term, divided into several issues: Parliament independence, legislation, budget, MKs votes in the Knesset plenum, and the functioning of Knesset committees. Quotes from observers testimonies are embedded throughout the text.

Key Findings

Members of the 19th Knesset were restricted in their ability to serve as rep-resentatives of the voting public in terms of managing state affairs and of supervising executive authority - their impact on legislation, on creating the budget, and on budgetary transfers was negligible.

The legislative branch lost the controls over the legislative process: of the hundreds of bills that were voted in the Knesset Plenary, the fate of only 12 was determined by the Knesset itself. The executive branch has gotten full control over legislation in Israel.

The Knesset plenary debates are a pre-arranged scenario: the government, through the Ministers Committee on Legislative Affairs, determined the fi-

nal results of the voting process in all cases examined in this report (votes over bills on socio-economic affairs), thus turning the parliament to a rub-ber-stamp mechanism.

Non-revolutionary legislation: the main laws passed by the Knesset in the socioeconomic sphere primarily focused on small and specific changes in regulating the economy. Many socially conscious legislative initiatives that could lead to a fundamental change in Israels economy and society were rejected or buried during the legislative process.

Coalition Discipline is not a good enough excuse: many coalition MKs suc-cessfully challenged the coalition discipline imposed on them by evading votes on anti-socially conscious bills. Had even more coalition members act-ed in a similar manner, significant pressure to promote socially conscious legislation could have been created.

Steadily declining attendance rate: the participation levels of almost every Member of the Knesset for votes on socioeconomic bills steadily dropped in each successive session throughout the year and eight months in which the 19th Knesset was active.

Docile opposition: the opposition neglected the struggle for the plenum and did not try to challenge the coalition. On average, Opposition MKs participat-ed in 28 fewer votes on socioeconomic bills than Coalition MKs.

No recorded votes in Knesset committees: as was the case during previous Knesset Assemblies, the 19th Knessets committees kept no written records of how their members voted on bills and committee decisions, against all basic democratic reasoning. Despite the explicit promise of seven heads of committees to begin to record votes, it has never been done.

Low levels of committee attendance: during the 19th Knesset, much as in previous ones, Knesset Members rarely appeared in committee deliberations - the scene of much important legislative work - and committee discussions in which only a single MK managed to appear continued to be a common sight. The lack of quorum regulations, the heavy individual workload of MKs, overlapping discussion times, and the limited number of MKs available for parliamentary work all serve to provide the basis of an explanation for this phenomenon.

The 19th KnessetSummary Report

What We Saw

F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 5