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26

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27

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28

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29

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MareMaruKoe. C rx noMolltblo oH paccr{HTbIBaJI cnacrn <<Mauycxpun-

ru Ken.nepa> LI BbtKynHTb I'Ix y Tprcrr'rrr'rep 3a Ha3Har{eHHyIo en cyMMys 1000 ra;repoe. Ho, ytu, HaAexAbI Myppa He orlpaBAa.nucr. AaxeKorAa oH, nblTaqcb npHBJIeqb BHHMaHHe 6onee ultpoKllx KpyroBseueuxofi o6urecrseHHocrt4, B 1769 roay ony6nnxonafl <<BoggsaHue

K repMaHuaM o coAefrcrenn Hafler{araHl{fl -rpy.AoB V. Kennepa>,Ha 3To Bo33BaHLIe HHKTo He orKJIHKHy.ncn. B lepuauun raK n He

HarIJrocb TorAa HLI yqpexAeHnfl,,' HH r{acTHbIX JII'll(, KOTOpOte 6UI

noxeraJlu BbIKynHTb pyKoflucn acrpoHoMa. TorAa Mypp, rIoHI'IMafl'qro y c.nyuaftHoft BJIaAeJII{IIbI, <<Mauycrpnrlrbl>> Moryr soo6qe no-ru6uyrr 4.nn uayxu, pennJI o6parurlcn c npeAJIox{eHHeM o BbIKyIIe

r.rx K HHocrpaHHbIM rocyAapcrBaM, npex(Ae Bcero K.Poccun, paccqu-TbrBafl na

'coAefrcrBge yqenblx fierep6yprcxoft AraAennuu HayK.

30

kl ou He ourr6cq. Ilerep6yprcxaq AxaAeMHq HayK 3axHrepeco-BaJracb apxHBoM Kenlepa. I{epes coBerHr.rKa AxaAeuuu nayx Kosuq-r0ro, npu6ntrxeHHoro Exarepuulr I I, Mypp npeAJroxxr'r 14Mnep arpr{qe{yllrb pyKorrcx Ken.nepa 3a ycraHoBJ'IeHHyto Tproumep qeHy -2000 py6neft. flo roMy BpeMeHr,r ero 6una neclua 3Har{HrerbHaflcyMMa.

_ Exarepuna II nopyqfifla aKaAeMHKy .IleonapAy 3finepy, Apyry.IIoMoHocosa, Aarb 3aKJrnqeHne o rreHHocrr.r pyxbnncefi

- Ken.nepa.Tor r,ar nonoxure.nruuft or3brB H BbrHec eio Ha o6cyxAeuue

aKaAeMr{qecKoro co6paHna. AxaAeuaxu eAHHofJracHo npnsuannHeo6xo4tttvrunn__npao6pecrl,r'rurtHbrft apxna HeMeIIKofo acrpoHoMa,r e Hoa6pe 1773 rola pyccKoe rrpaBureJrbcrBo KyttlrJro y coBernr.rqbrTprornaep pyKonr.rcn Keunepa ga 2000 py6refi.

BHssoreHH.bre pyccKuMr,r yr{eHbrMu H3 uenKnx roprauecKnx pyKpyKon}Icu Ken.nepa 6unu cnaceHbl AJrfl HayKr.r.

B Poccun

B naqa.ne uto:e.q 1774 ro4a <MauycKpr.rnrbr> Ken,'lepa npa6unu usfepuaunN e Poccnn, uo npu6u.nu He noJrHocrlrc.

-Hs 22 rolaos,

nepenJrereHnux fasrueM, nocryttuJro roJrbKo .18 ronros n oAHa He-lepenJlereHHafl IIalKa. flpe4nonararor, r{To Ilagru ganoxul Sruqre-py He Becb JrnqHbrft apxnr Kennepa. fAe x<e ocraJrbHbre roua?Ecrr cne4euua, qro HecKoJIbKo roMoB HaxoArrrcr n,."$pcrpnu, nBeHcxoft HMneparopcxoft 6u6nnoreKe, [epeAaHHbre unn"fipoAausueTyAa caMHM fasruertl. I{acrr MarepHaJIoB Hcqe3Jra n fepuaxnn aoBpeMq reperoBopoa Myppa c Poccuefi. .IIuqHufi apxr.rB KerurepaoKa3aJrcfl pacnbrJreHHbrM no pa3HbrM xpaHr.rJrr{uarrl Ancrpuu, fepMa,Huu u ApyrHX crpaH. OcHoeHas xe, caMafl 6o;rtrrraR,'qacrb oKa3a-Jracb B Poccur.r.'

B flerep6ypre pyKonnca rroraJrr.t B rocyAapcrBeHHoe xpaHHJrr.r-qe - 6u6nuorexy AraAevuu HayK, pa3MerqeHHyto s o6qeM sAaHuHc l(ynclxaruepofi. Srurvr caMbrM r.rx cpasy y6epernu or AallueftureropacflblJteHur. Tau our,r HaxoAr.rJracb rllecrbAecflT flqrb ,'Ier r{ Bce BpeMg6ur.nu npe4MeroM BHHMaHr.rfl yqeHbrx-acrpouoMoB, BeAyutlrx acrpo-HoMuqecKr{e ua6loAesuff r{ HayqHyn pa6or} B. acrpoHoMaqecxolio6cepnaropsu AxaAeunr,r HayK, o6opy4onanHofi s gro-M xe 3AaHHHB_nepBbre roAbr yr{pe)KAeHhq Axa4eunu Hayx. B 1839 roay c 6eperonHeB.br ux nepeBe3Jrrl e 6u6rl.toreKy roJrbKo qro .orKpbrroft na fly.n-xoscrofi rope acrpoHoMHr{ecKofi o6cepearopaa.

<Mauycxplrrrrbr> HeMerrKoro acrpoHoMa, rroJlyquBlxHe Ha3BaHr{e<flylxoecxoe co6pauue pyKoltl,tceft Ken,repa>, xpaHuJrr.rcb s 6u6nuo-rexe o6cepBaropur{ rorrrr.r cro Jrer. Acrpouorvrlr HMr.r noJrb3oBaJrl,rcbH qacruqHo ny6;rurona;rr.r B HayqHbtx r.r3AaHr.rsx. A e 1937 roaye^ce^lflynxoBcKoe co6paHle> nepeBe3Jrr..r n Apxuo Axa4enut HayxCCCP, rAe Hx H 3acraJra Benuxaq OreqecrseHHaq sofiHa lg4 l-1945 roaos.

B naqane eoftHlr corpyaHnKr.r apxr,rBa 6epexHo ynaKoBaJru apxuBKen.nepa B qrqHKH BMecre c pyKonucfirtll.r^ JloruoHocoBa H apyrul,

JT

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Apxraa AraAeuNn Hayx CCCP. Ilo6necxuBaq nepraMenoM nepe'rrJleroB r.r 3oJIOTOM TI{CHeHLIfl, B pfA Ha noJIKe CTOqr BCe,BoceMHaAIIarbToMoB, lreperrJlereHHblx lauureu, H oAI'IH ToM, nepennereHHutfi g

copoKoBbrr roAax XIX .Bexa, c pyccKHM rocyAapcrBeHHblM'rep6ouH sororoft HaAnxcblo Ha KpacHoM KoxaHoM flpJIbIKe.

3ro noA.rnrHHbre pyKonncu Ken.nepa, 3a[r{cu enp na6rpAeHnft,ra6ruubr, Bbrr{ItcreHnq, qeprexll, prrcyHKn, BbIpegaIII{He ns 6yuarnSnrypsr H MoAeJrb neo6pereHuoro nM nuApaBnnqecroro npn6opa,co6pauuue HM caMHM Hayr{HHe MarepLIaJIbI, B roM HLtcJIe pyKoIIHcLITuxo Ae Dpare, froga Eapua, P6c.nnua, [efranepa n Apyfrx yqe-Hbrx, nucbMa Kennepa H nI,IcbMa K HeMy Tnxo Ae Bpare, ilasu4aOa6pr.rquyca, Maxca Mectnnna, Kpa66a, Pyruanyca, Me.nlxllopalllro.nrqepa H MHorI{x apyrflx yqeHblx.

Xpanurcn B apxnBe n <l(enlepnana>. Osa HenpepblBHo flonoJlHfl-ercq. B nefi co6paunue pa6oruLIKaMH apxnBa AoKyMeHTbI, Kacanque-cn 6uorpa0un tI Hayr{Horo rBopqecrsa Kenrepa, neqarnble [3AaHI{rero coquHexufi, Qororpa$nn n unxpoQoroKonnlt noA.llllxHux efopyronncefi H AoKyMeHToB, Kacaburnxcq Kennepa u xpaHr[IHxcq B

Apyrnx apxllBax. 3Aect x<e pe4uafrruaq ceMefiHafl peJII'lKBHff - nopr'piin Kennepa, ero xeuH,_,fxosa Eapva. floprperu xpaHIrJIHcb

brono 250 .uir y noroMKoB Ken.nepa u 6ulu npno6pereHu-flynroo-crofi o6cepearopueft g 1876 roAy y rpsMblx HacJIeAHI'IKoa Ken.nepa,

Aryx cecrep [Inn6ep, npoxl'IBaBlxt{x s CIttegHI'I.'Tyr xe, prAoM -c

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sHAaioqerocd yueHoro-uareMarl'IKa, araAeunxa JIeoHapAa 3ft.nepa.He 4yualocb, KoHeqHo, 3ft,nepy, AaBaBileMy 3aKJIIoqeHHe o tto-

KynKe afxnna Ken.nepa, uro cyAr6a cBeAer Hx rpyAbl tax 6;ta3ro,qio nx pyKonncu 6yayr xpaHnrbcq pqAoM. Apxnoncmt HaAexHocoxpaHqr Altq noroMKoB gTLt 6ecqesnue AoKyMeHrbI.

AHEBHHKU gKcnEAl{ttnn B 6pA3r,tJtHro

t

II

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^^B_oArn" Hs AHeri 1930 roaa HHctteKrop Apxr.raa A{aAeurar nayxcccP HanpaBnJrcq .Ha ap-\HBHoe o6cneAoBaHr.re s DoraH'qecxnftuysefi, HaxoAqunfics e Jleuuurpa4e, Ha Anrexapcxo,'o"rpou".Sror suaiueunrufi uyaefi e l9B-l roAy 6un o6teAtseu co crapefr_rrr'M Eoranuqecrnu ciaoiu s Dora;;qecruir ;G;;t;- xoropufi

CBOHMI,I HAYqHbIMI,I SKCTICAIIqHAMI,I, OTKPbITI4T,MT4., TPYAAMH NONb3YETCRrr,rupoeofi r{3BecrHocrbro. On o6.na,(aer 6orareftruld; " ";p; nayseft_HrrMH r.r opauxep-eriHbrMn KorneKrIHqMa. B ero rep6it; 6il"; b uu.n-JrHoHoB pacreuafi, co6pauHux co Bcero-3errruoio iuapa. E"ro, nu-nplrMep, pacreHr.tff, lr3BJreqeHHbre Ns rpo6ur{q erHrrercioro eapaouaParuseca II n npasqeccu Kcu-Xo".yl-Aorp-il';;;;il;** o6pus_rloB - 3000 neri A s #;il;;;; saAy uMerorcs peA,{aftureAepeBbs, KycrapHr{K}r, rlBerbr co Bcero 3eMHOrO uapa I,r pasHbre

AI.I KOBHHbI : IIPHqYAJI I,IBbIC OPXHAEg, rHIA HTCKAq KYBI]JJ{HKA < BI,TKTOPHflaMa3oHcKaq>, .rroroc r{s AeJrbrbr _Boarn, npnneseiHufi t,ts MeKcurH Hpamyunfi B opaH)Kepee caAa 6onee iid;;;ffi";,iffirra Ho-qr.J> - orpouHuft uBeroK c 6e'IHMa JlenecrKaMr.t H cBerqilrr.rM,cfl

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Ho apxnanurl nncnexrop_rxeJr ryAa rle nto6osarucs rlBeraMr.r, ano HHoMy BaxHoMy aely: o6c;reAoBaHuro apxueuoft qacrn DoraHu-r{ecKoro My3efl.

- Cuaqala Bce _ rrlJro raK, xar o6uqHo 6Hgaer rlpl,t apxnBHbrxo6cneAosaHnqx. HHCneKrop npoBepsJr ycJroBlrfl xpaHeHafl H cocrofl-HI{C AOKYMEHTOB, BHHMATCJIbHO NPOCMATPUB Ail ACilA, AETAJI 3AMC-qaHHfl, HHCrpyKTr.tpoBaJr coTpyAHUKOB OTAeJroB, xoAHr a3 KoMHaTbrB KoMHary, BbrHHMaJr ,{,eJra H3 orKpbrBaeMbrx uxaQoo. Ho, aues<<APXI,IBHOC I{YTbC>, I{HCNCKTOP 3ATJIflAbIBAJI H B IIOAO3PHTCJIbHbIEruxaQu H KJTaAoBKH, .Ae

"oryr 6uru apxaaHbre Aena.3an,terl,ts Heeaneprtlli rep6apuufi ruxa6,

"n.**rop no KaKoMy_To HaHTuro orKpblJt ero. OrylqAeB Bce coAepxltMoe, oH 3aMerHJl Byrny6.neHrn KaKHe-ro aena. Aeftct"-r"-*o"o, noa repoapHbrM Mare-pHaJroM Jrex{aJILI nar{Ka crapbrx [orpenaHHblX Ae.n.'Ou auuyn ax,3 3ax. N! 97

33

crep [bIJIb H craJl quTarb. A uepes MHHyry c BoJIHeHI{eM npon3Hec:-- na BeAb 3To xe... 3ro nponaBune AHeBHI'IKI'I H AoKyMeHTbl

aKaAeMHKa JlanrcaopQa! IIepnofi pyccxoft Hayuuofi sKcneAnuI{H

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aoxv*reuru. H 6u;to or qeno!^""i;;;;ft d"tu""* I'I 3oorlor' aKaAeMI{K . fpnroprft l4saHosuq

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,in^r. V'eias ryaa i qHBape l8l3 roAa, cpa3y nocre ycraHoBnenl{s

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raMcsLilueBocbMI{let,gaguuaflcjHeToJIbKoKoHcyJlbcKI{MHAe[aMI,I'Ho H HayqHbIMLt t{3bIcKaHI"lflMH' IaHncaopQ e3AHn no crpaHe' I{3y-

r{ar ee npupoAHble 6orarctBa, co6upa;r MuHepanbl H pacregnfl'

OH cocras"n " ornpu"rn s i'occnd co6paunue nu uenHefiune

Epaanlscrue xon.nexqlfi, 3aHrBIlIne oAHo l'ls nepoux ruecr n-Eopone'-g'tgZO

roAy, Bep'yBrrrucb s Pocc''o, Jlanrc^opQ ctar Ao6'garlcsopraHlrsauHu cne(nanlnoft uayuloft 3KctteAHuHI'I Bo BHyrpeHHI+e

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ycrynaer Mecro ;Iecocrenu. MHHosas BoAonaA Kasoa-benlq' nyre-

34

ruecrBeHHnKr.r_ [epeBaJrzBaror qep€ oAHH tlg orporoB Ceppur_ae_firapaKa)Ko. ttepeBo3flT JrOAKr.r, cHapsxeHne B AByKOnKe Ha 6uxaxr'r cHoBa rrnbrByr ropHbrMx_ [oroKaMH, CpeAr.r rponnqecKoft ceJbBn,MUMO rpo3Hbrx cKaJr, cepe6pacrux ornre.nefi, 6eCxoHe.rHHx 6arrl6yxo-Bhrx 3apocJrefi. fopu ocrarorcq no3aAH, a <Qnora.nnfl> npoAoJrxaernyrb no peKaM Taxyapn, flaparnan. B 4exa6pe, o paaiap nx(Ho_aMepr'rKaucKoro rera, nbnT TponuqecKne AOXAH. 3xcne4xr1l.rx npo4-BHraeTcf BrrepeA c rpyAoM.

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n-e TaK-TO npocTo co3Aarorcq B noxoAax aoxyirreuTbr. Brisanrnopoft ycroBHq HaCTOJTbKO TpyAHbre, qro Kaxercfl HeBo3MOXHbrMt{ro-an6o 3a[Hcarb. V rem He MeHee, rAe 6br HH HaxoAHJILrcb yr{e_Hbre:-.B ropax' tecax, lycrbilHsx, oHH He Moryr o60ftracr 6es-sa-nfi ceft_csonx na6.nrcAeg uli, nccleAonaunft , pacqeroB, oflbrroB, orKpbr-rnfi. Ilyrenbre AoKyMeHTH nocrosHuo c Hr.rrun. Eo;rlrunHcrBo Hocarr.rx c co6oft: 3a na3yxoft, Ha noRce, B KapMaHe rrJnr poxsaxe. HerAngJrHx Hr{qefo Aopoxe, qeM 3Tr{ AOKyMeHTbil.

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35

flpero, rAe JIec B[JIorHyIo [oAxo.u,I'IJI r 6eperau, a eosAyx 6ulHacHUIeH BpeAHbIMLI HCn apeHLI gMIl, oKa3aJIOCb HeBepoflTHo Tf xeJIbIM.

JInAn 6on&n rponuuecxofi lnxopa4xofi' .IlaurcAopQ H Py6uor yxene uor.nn noAnsttcs. Ha 6eper Hx BbIHecJII{ B raMaKe. Bcrope aa-

6one.n u @ropauc. VaaP 3a yAapoM o6pyurnnancfl Ha orpflA: no-

ToHyn 6apxac, 6u.na noBpelxAeHa oAHa JIoAKa, Bropaq ncr{e3Ja'

Tsxeraq sopua rpofiKr{ecKoft ;rnxopaArr4 crpauHo orpa3LIJIaCb Ha

Jlanrc4opQe - oH florepflJl paccyAoK. Eo;tlnHe, I'l3Myr{eHHbIe yqacr-

""f" i*.h"Ar.rqnr l0 unnn t82g ioaa npu6ula HaKoHeII e CaHrapeu-

gd"pr"u'nyreuecrBne qepe3 BHyrpeHHne o6-n^acru Bpasunlcxoftnunepuu, pyicxue HccJIeAoBareJII'l B HaqaJIe 1829 roaa BepHyJIHcb

B cronuuy Epasunnu.Ho, uecuorpq Ha BCe rgxe.nefrruue ncnbrTaHHfl, yr{acTHHKlI 3KCle-

Ar{rIHH KaK caMylo 6Onluryrc UeHHocTb o6eperaln apxl'IB r AHeBHI'IKI4

nyrelxecrBnn. H cyme.n[ cflacrn efo.

pxnB ... ll3 pK)rcaKa

B 30-x foAax XIX sera apxl'IB aKaAeMI'IKa JlaurcaopQa BMecre

c co6paHuuru rep6apueu 6u.t irpuneseH ua Epasnluu e flerep6ypr n

nepeaa" e 6oraHlr'{ec_ruft rraysefi'Ao "cxope

nyrenoft apxxi ,Ilaurc4opQa Heo)KHAaHso 6u;t yrepflH'

Ao cnx nop'ueninecrHo, npn KaKHx o6crosre.nrcrBax 3ro [po'3orIIJIo'KTO B 3TOM BLIHOBaT. He gHgCHeHO TOr{HO I'I BpeMH npona)Kll apx}rBa.

MoXno Jrr.rrlb npeAnoJlaraTb, qTO npOH3OIlIJIo 3ro B AopeBoiIIoUHoH-

HbIC TOAbI.cau .IlanrcAopQ o HeM He BC.rroMHHJr, Aa H He MOr BCIIOMHHTb.

oH rax fi He sbr3AopoBeJr fi s 1852 roAy-yMep ceMnAecqrHBocbMH-

Jrer'HM crapr.rKoM. Hnxro He cyMeJI o6pa6orarl Ueuuulfr MarepHaJI.

Hayuuue Besy.llraru 3KcrreALtIlHLI TaK fi He noIIaJII4 rorAa B

n"ulto. 'A aorolr ga6unu He roJIbKo o6 apxnne, Ho lr -eoo6ue o

nepaofi pyccxoft uayuuoft axcneAH{lH B bpa3HrHIo' nacroJlbKo

sabo,J,u, qho aaxe yua"t""*lt aropoft pyccxofi sKcn€Atun.Il e Bpa-

3hJrr,rp e 1914-1915 roAax, cryAeHrbi-eHry3llacrl l. I . maHH3ep'

n. A Crpemutlt<oB, O. A. Ouellctpyn, Hj fI' TasacuHqyK I'I

C. fi.'fen"aH, coBepueHHo H'qero He 3HaJII,r o6 axcneAuqun Jlanrc-aopda. H ro.nuxo HaxoAflcb B Pno-ae-Xanefipo H H3yqas rarra 6pa-g".tr"crue arnorpa$lruecKHe Marep4-qJIbI, Mauusep BnepBbIe y3HaJI

o roM, qro eule s 20-x foAax xlX sexa n _6pasu.nttu no6uealapyccKar Hayr{Hafl aKcneAxuxs, py-KoBoA}Iraaq JIaHrcAopQona''" IIo eossbaueuun s PoccNlo-

-MaHasep cran co6uparb cBeAeHHfl

o nepaoft gKcneAHr.luH. B 1916 roAy oH Harrl{caJl KHHry, B ocHoBy

xoroiofi 6unu nonoxeHbr MarepnaJrbr, .ony6;tttxoBaHHbIe B KoHUe

XIX sexa 6pasnltcxl'tM I'lcropHKortl A.nlQpe4o TayHaeu B )Ky-pHaJIe

Epasu;rrcroio ucropnxo-reorpaSuqecKoro o6ulecrea. Tay'afi usy-qr{JI AHeBHxK yqacrHl'IKa sKcIIeAI'tql{a .IIanrc4opQa xyAoxHHKaOp*yr""u Onopiuca. Mauasep Aaxe He roAo3peBaJl, r{ro B Poccuu

H[,reloTcfl qensefiurne AHeBHT.IKH H AOKyMeHTbI caMoro pyKoBoAHreJIs

3KcneAXuHH aKaAeMHKa JIaurc4opQa.

36

He sHaa o Hr,rx u eropofi yqircTHHK aKcneAnunr4 - Crpe.nbnnxon.Fly6nr.rxyn s 1929 roAy crarbroo6 ercneAnqnr.r B )KypHa.,re utlprpoaraoH KareropnqecKu 3affBHJr, qro AHeBHLrru JlanrcAopea yrpaueHu.. A cnycrr roA _n^o_cJre aroro yrBepxAeHnq uucnei<rci ApxunaArageunu uayx. CCCP o6uapyxri;r njrrenori apxlrB ,rlaHicaoi6a nrep6apHorvr urra$y, rAe oH Jre)KaJt sa6porueuHufi, e nu.nu, BosMoxHo,JteT cTo.

HHcnexrop HH Ha oAr.tH qac He ocraBnJr 6onee s DoraHaqecxoMfysee apx?rB ,rlarrclppOa. Ero c paAocrbro npHHEnH n ApxnreAraAerrrlr Hayx cccP, 3a6or.nl.reo oqficruJrn or rrbrJrr.r, pacnpaBr.rJrr{xax4urf JrrrcroqeK, noAKJreHJil.r p€3opBaHHbre crpaHuubr, ece'pasii6-pailA, oQopur.l"rr.r lt onucaJrr{. Tax 6u.rr cosAaH apxtaHufi'eon4aKaAeMHKa f. H. .IlaurcaopQa.

Kaxue )Ke AoKyMeHTbI oKa3aJrncr rau?B apxtaHoru Oonae HMerorcr oqeHb qeHHbre AHeBHHKH r{ Marepr.ra-

JIbr co cBeAeHr'rflMH IIO 3THofpa$nu, .nrHrrficrr{Ke, reorpaSrn, ucro-pna, 6oraHHKe, sooJrorur.r Bpaaunnr.r H no r.rc?opuu py'ccriofi gKcne:An\nu, Kaprbr r.r nJraHbr MaprxpyTa gKCrreAlrrlr.rH, cBeAeHr.tfl o nyTHefo orAeJrbHbrx..orpflAoB H O HaCeJreHHbrx [yHKTaX, pHCyHKH 6pasnnb:cKrx pacreunft fi )KfiBOTHbIX, 3apncoBKH a60prieubn Bpasu.[uu,yHHKaJtbHbre MaTepr{aJrbr - [epBoHCTOqHHKH AJrfl H3yqeHHfl IIpHpoAH,SXOHOMHKT'r, KyJrbrypbr, couHa.,IbHbtx oruouresaft Epaslr.nr.rz HaqaflaAIA BeKa r.r HauHoHaJrlHo-ocso60AnrennHofi 60pr6ur [porr.rB Ko[o-HHaJrbHoro rocnoAcrBa Ilopryraluu

.I[,oxyrrleHru HanrrcaHbr JldnrcaopeoM KapaHAarrroM H qepH'JraMHHa ilflTn ff3brKax oqeHb nepas6opvHBHM noqepKoM, c rplAoM rro,(:Aanur.rMcfl npoqreHHro. IIo MHeHuro HeKoropbrx r{ccneAogarenefi,9To H IIpI{BeJIo K TOMy, r{To AHeBHr.tKr.r B cBoe BpeMn ne 6u"rtnH3AAHbI H AOBCACHbI AO CBEACHH' YqEHbIX MNPA.

Tene,pl apxxB aKaAeMr.rKa Jlanr'caopSa HqxoAr{rcfl B xpaHr.rnfiuren ropooxax Ha creJlJraxe, pflAoM C MHOrOqHcJreHHbrMH

- Qon4anauyqeHblx' nyreIuecrBeHHHKoB' I'IccneAoBare.nefi, nepnoorxpunare.nefi.

3Aecl xe xpaHnrcn ropo6xu c AoKyMeHraMH aKaAeMaxa Mec-cepIxMI{Ara_-yl{eHorc I{ fiyrelxecrBeHHr.rKa, npHnJlarxeHuoro fler-por'a I ns fepuaHHr.r fi [ocJraHHoro HM a Cn6a'pr Aflfl H3yqeHl,tq eeAOCTONPHMEqATCNbHOCTCft. A HA COCCAHCH IIOJIKC JIEXAT AOKVMEHTbIaKaAeMr.rKa Mn.nnepa, 6onee l0 ner x[Buero u Cr.r6r.rpu n io6pan;ruero raM AoKyMeHTbr no ee Hcropr{r. r{yrr no4anlue MoxHoYPHAeTb AoKyMeHrbr nepBofo pyccKoro MopenJraBaTeJrfl aAM[paJraKpyseH urrepH a, coBep.ur.rBrxeno KpyrocBerHoi nyreuecrBue, H ryr x(epsAou - apxrrBubrft_Qoua u3Becrnoro pyccKoro MopenJraBareilfl nnyreuecrBeHHfiKa .IIntxe, coBepunBlxefo ABa KpyrocBerHbrx nJta*BaHufl,. t{yrb Aarbure - AoKyMeHrbl BbrAaroqerocfl pyccKoro yqeHonon nyrerxecrBeuHHKa Mux.nyxo-Mavrafl, xoropuli r.lgyqan u-panu ue6uqau HapoAoB Oreauun r.r 6epera Hosofi fegHea u lxun ueixo.nlr<oJIer cpeAH nanyacoB.

A ec.nu rlATH BAoJIb crellaxefr, To Ha Kax(aoM uarv Ha [oJrKaxMoxHo yBHAerb AoKyMeHTbr: Ilpxena.nucKoro - nyreurecmeHHHKa,

37

reorpaQa LI HccJleAoBarerq Vccypnrlcroro Kpafl' Ceaepuoro KrraR,MoHio.'inu, Tn6era n I{eHrpalsnofr Asnu, orKpblB[Iero HecKoJtbKo

ropHbrx xpe6roa I{ osep n co6paoruero orpoM_Hble KOJIJIeKqHH pac-

reirnft n x(r.rBorHbrx; reoJrora n naJreoHroJrora tlepHuureBa- yqacr-HII{Ka eKcneAlturtfi Ha Vpa.n n [Ilnnu6epreH; yqeHono forasuwaJIn6nueHro, coBepunBueFo nyreuecrBr.te B AnCrpannn H Ha ocrpoBa3ouAcxoro apxfinenara; [pe3HAeHTa- AKaAeMilH HayK LoBercKoroconsa Bla4l.rrrlupa JleoHrlegH,{a Kouapoaa - yqeHoro 6oraHnxa

" ,aao"ao"areJrfl'AanlHero Bocrora, KaM,{arx1a u BocroqHoft AStttl;

CoBeTCKOfO 6oraUUXa, reHeTHKa H nyTeUeCTBeHHHKa HHrO.nan HSa-

HoBHqa Basnnoea, o6lexasuero C6sercxufi Cons, flauup, AQra-HHcraH, Arraepnry, f nosnn, Illgeuno, Hcnauup - rpl'IAuarb nHrbrocyAapcrB B noficKax KynbrypHblx pacreHnft; coBerckoro 3ooJlora

Cefrer Anexceesgqa 3epHooa - yqacrHr.rKa nonapuoft eKcneAI,IUfiLI

Ha Jre,u,oKoJle <Ma.nutnH> - H MHOTHX ApyfHX I'tccJleAoBarenefi, ny-

rerrrecrBeHHHKoB, yqeHux. OHs. KaK u ilaHrcaop-Q, cBo1l HayqHble

AHeBHHKn Ll AOKyI\,leHTbI 3KCneAI4U11ft, UCCreAOBaH1lfi, t4s6craH1lfi Hec-

rH r{epe3 TyHApbI, nycrblHll, .neca, 6ecxpaftsne paBHHHbI, rOpu, 60-

JIOTa,peKLI,Mopfl,XpaHHJII'ICBOUapxHBb['npeoAoJleBaflflpenpaAbIHnpe[gTcTB[Iq, COXpaHHnH H nepeAaJIH HX Ha BeqHoe xpaHeHHe rocy-

AapcrBy. ,[I,oxyrtaemul 3rH - spKoe cBHAereJIbcrBo HayqHoro noABHfapyccKHx yqeHblx.

H Aocroftsoe Mecro cpeAH srux 6ecueHHblx Arq HayKI'l I'I KyJlb-

rypbr AoKyMeHroB 3aHHMaer nyreeoft apxnB aKaAeMI{Ka ,IIaunc4opQa'

I

iI

I

I

iI

i

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coBPAHl{t CHBIIPCKOTO KvnUA

Tor, xro 6usar uJIu xnBer o KpacHonpcKe, ror, HaBepHoe'

BHAeTI H 3HaeT sTOT AOM. on crorr Ha KpyToM, )KnBOnI{CHOU 6epery

nnnoaoeoAttoro ExnceR, AByx3Taxl{ufi 4epenauHufr, c KpacI'IBbtMH

cu6npcxutrlu' yKpaueHlrrMu lI craBHflMl'l Ha 6onlunx oKHax'

V Aoua Ha MeMopnanlnoft nJIHre - 6ape'nreQ c uso6paxeHneM

B.rra4nillpa Vntnqa'.IleHnua H HaArll{cblo: <3Aecl, c 9 uapra no

Zg *p.n;t 1897 r. u s ceHrq6pe 1898 f., HaxoAflcr o KpacnoqpcKe'

B.naallmnp vlnau'r JIeHnH pa6oral HaA BonpocaMH sKoHoMllqecKoro

pa3BltTHf Poccltu, nonb3yflcb KHHTaMII qacTHOH oHoJIHOTeKH

l. B. IOanxa>.- ...npr,rOus s KpacHonpcx 4 Mapra 1897 roaa ro nyrll K Mecry

"""n*n"j- *no Uiyr.".rioe, B. Vl, _ilesus qepe3 HecKo.rtuxo Aueft

nficaJl cecrpe M. IZ. VrrnHosofi: <Buepa.-IIOnaJI-raKH B sAeIxHIoIo

3HaMeHnryto 6x6.nxorery IOAnHa, roropuft pllAylxHo MeHr Bcrpe-THJI H noKa3bIBar cgotl KHHroxpaHI{nHIrla' Or1 paspeurnn MHe H

uu"nnn"toa" B uefi, n s AyMaIo, qro 3To MHe yAacrcq "' OsHa-

KoMHJIcf t c ero 6n6nuorexoft Aa;lexo He BnoJIHe, Ho 3To Bo

Bcf,KoM cnyqae 3aMeqareJlbnoe co6paufle KHHI>l'

hcc.ne,qosareJlI'I ycraHoBnJlH, qro B' H' 'IIeHI'ttt 3a rpI4 roAa

cu6upcxoft ccbIJtKI{ ianuca.n cBbl[Ie 30 pa6or, B,JoM qncJle KHI{ry

uPagiurr.re KanItTaJIIl3Ma s Poccun>, crarblo <K xapaxrepllcrl'{Ke

3KoHoMI.IqecKofo poMaHTlI3Ma (CucuoHan I'I Haulu oreqecrBeHHble

cHcMoHAl{crbI) > r 6pan HyxHbIe eMy neqarHble HcroqHHKH I'I3 3a-

;;;;;;;;".d co6patr"s KHI'' <Kynqa> - KHHroIIo6a loAusa'MHorue AectlruJternn co6upan- 4oKyMeHrbI I'I KHI{rl,t rpacHoapcxt'tfi

Kyneu,, BnaAeJleq Blr-H-oKypeHlloro 3aBoAa n 3oJlorblx npnncxoa I'eH-

"l^rn Bacr*esnq loali. C Aercrsa oH yBneKcq co6upare.nucrBoM

pyccKHx KHut H AoKyMeHToB; nocroqnHo xllJt B Cu6vtpu, Ho MHoro

flvrerxecrBoBaJl rlo Pocct'tll. EHsar H 3a rpaHHqeft - no @pauuuu,

i".tlnn, FepuaHnn, 17.ranun H Aax(e s narecrl'IHe Ir Ernnre'H noncnay, iAe Iuor, oH HcKaJl I'l cKynaJI qeHHbIe H peAKHe KHI{rfi

- t JI " " " " B. H. flonn co6p cou., t. 55, c. 24-25'

39

H AoKyMeHTbI' caM e3A[JI 3a HHMI'I Ha tolxaAqx B fJryxHe MecraCu6upu, rAe He 6-u.lto xe"ng'brx Aopor, - H€ xaJreJr Ha 9To cBor.rxcHn r{ BpeMeHH. CaoHru .lrro6nuum ienoru oH 3aHrrMaJrcr rpHArlarbnqrb rer r'r Ha np'o6pereHue co6pannri sarparnn noJrMHJIJrr.rOHapy6reft. Kunru l,l AoxyMeHrll IOAns noKynaJr He roJrbKo B KHr.rxnbrxMara3r'rHax, Ho x y qacrHbrx ilLrt n KorfieKIIHOHepOn. floxyflaJr ne,qarHbre H34aHilfl, pyKonHclt, noporc cKynaJI 6n6nnorexu x KHLtxHbreco6paunr. OH qacru,{Ho npno6pen KHHril H pyKonr.rcH y r{sBecrHoror.rcropr.rKa, ny6nnqucra u co6uparena floroauia, pe4axiopa u usra_reJrfl x(ypHaJra <Pyccxaa crapHxa> CeMescxoro, 6n6.nriorp aea nnn6rrens pyccroft Jlr.rreparypbr EQpenroaa.

B ero 6u6;rnorexe, cunrabruefrii e ro BpeMs rropoft 6r6;rnore-roft cn6npn nocJre 6x6.nnoreru Toucxoro yiurepcnrera, 6unq yHu-KaJrbH-oe_co6pauHe crapHHHbrx r{ peAKnx KHr{r, TaKHx, Xar serhqar?-l.ldan 6n6nnorpaQnuecraf, peAKOCTb - nepBoe I{ eAHHcrBeHHOe r.r3Aa-Hue nAnlt,ilwn /Iououocoga <florrAop> c nocBrrrleHr{eM K. f. pasy_MOBCKOMY. HUeJTT,ICI U NEPBbIE IPHXI,I3HEHHbIC I'3AAHHq H TIOJIHbICco6paunn coqn_nenufi pyccxnx r.naccuxos, or Kasreuupa r.r TpeAr.ra-KOBCKOTO AO qexoga n foprroro. Eunu B ero 6H6nHorexe sceIrsAaHHfl flyUtxl'lHa, coqHHeHut pyccKnx Hcropr.rKoB or TarHureea AoKrrcgeBcxono, saxHefirune coqnHennq pyccKux 6z6.nr.rorpaQos:Mexena, connKooa, Heycrpoena, onncaHr{f Mnor,nx qacrHux 6n6-JrHoreK n co6paunri, HHocrpaHHbre KHr{ru o poccr.il.r, 6ecqeHsypHuer.r 3anpeqeHHue qeHsyporl fis!.alfl.nfr, 6orarefiuee co6paHne xuurH Kapr no Cn6npn, BKJrroqafi H orqerbr nepBoorKpbreareieft c yKa3a-HUeM MeCTOnOJTOXeHLTff ee npHpoAHUX 60rarcrB; cor{r4HeHHfl no [cro-pHH, apxeoJlorrfl, erHorpaenn u o nyrelxecrBl.tf,x no Cn6npn, rcec,r'r6_l'rpcxne-_raserbr u 6onee urectnA6cnrn KoMnJreKroB xypHaJroBxvlll u XIX BeKoB. 6n6nnorera Hacqr.rrbrBaJra oKoJro g0 rucsqTOMOB.

He meuee qeHHbrM 6njro nanncroe co6pafir{e AoKyMeHros. V He_

19-Ip?"nr"cb crapxHnble AoKyMeHIbr no rcropr.tn Cw6upu u <<pyc_cKoE AMepHKr.r> - Anncxu; oKoto 200 rucqq HoMepoB Abxyuenror,orHocflurHxcr K 3acereHnrc ArraepuKr.r pyccKHMr.r r.r K ocBoeurEro [a.nr-seno BocroKa; Marepr.raJrbr o paHHr.rx fyccrnx noceJreHr.rflx Ha Anqcxefi o pyccKHx nHoHepax n Anrepr.rxe: H. fl. pesaHoee, f. 14. llIe.nu-xoBe; fl3BreqeHr{e H3 xypHana cyAHa <IOnoHa>, xoAHBrlero r{3Hoeoapxaxre-/rbcKa n Kinueoprub; o6sop py..i.ri-!*1*Aur{nftx 6eperau ceeepnoft Arr,repux' Haqr.rHas i ngz roAa; AHeBHT{K}'pyccKHx

_IryTerue_cTBeHHr.rKoB, nHcbMa H AOHeceHnfl vx, Harrpr.rMep<Hora> H. n. Pesanoea - AJIA 6yayurero o*o".pe."i'c flnonneftCXEJII,I CJIYI{I.ITC'I, KACATEJIbHO TOPI'OBJIH I,I PU6HOfi JIOBJII,I B BOCTOq-Hbrx BoAax>; pyKonncr.t no HcTopr.rn pyccKoro rearpa n pyccxoftJrHreparypbr; nHcbMo lryrxK[Ha K HSAareJrK) <cn6npcxoro eearHHKa>f. H. CnaccKoMy H MHoroe Apynoe. Bcero 6o;rde nony""rnno"u<HOMEPOB> AOKYMEHTOB - IPOMAAHOC, PABHOIICHHOE IIEJIOMY APXI,IBYco6paHne BbrAarorrl'xcfl Harr[oHaJrbHbrx KyJrbrypHbrx ue"Hocrefr pyc"-cKoro HapoAa, HMeroulnx orpoMHoe o6qecroeuHoe gHaqeHr{e.

40

. ^O6eperaq cBor,r coKpoB,rqa or rrox(apa

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42

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43

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44

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Jrj.rcb.Ma A. C. I-lyurxnua, O. M.',[locroeecxoro, A. M."foprxoro,Y 4.SyunHa, C. A. EcesuHa, V. E. pennua, A. VI. KynpuHa,,rl. H.. Toncroro, pucyHKr.r A. H. beuya, JrHqHbre apxHBbr KoMn03r.r-ropa A. T. fpe,rauuHoBa H ap. Eu.na nepeAaHbr e CCCp Mr.rJrJruoHbrKaApoB rrl n xpoQororonnfi apxr.t BH brx M arep r..r aJroB no ucropr.r tr H a poAoBCosercroro Corcga.

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(3a ceMbp fleqarf,Mtf]

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ru Hr- 3H aer xaxad fi cosercxr fi rpa )KAaHuH'

On 6u.n ocHoBaH u "u"unt'XIX

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l9l7 roaa Ha HeM pa6oralo 40000 pa6ouux'-.3r.rrrroft fi oceHbro, JIeroM u oecuoft, o 6yauu fi 11pa3'4HI{KH'

xaxAuft Aeul nyrHJIoBcKHe pa6oune noA peB ryAKa ropoflnl'IBo

uuru K 3aBoAy c BbICoKI{MI'I AbIMsITqMI'lcn rpy6aun

Fonee cra JIer Ao peBoJlloqun flyru"noscxlfi 3aBoA npoH3BoaI'lJI

MHoxecrBo pa3flHqnblK [poMbIIlIreHHbIx I{3AeJII{fr' Eoratuu 6ul t't

;;;A;;. dx"arr"""o Ha 3aBoAe poxAarll'tcb AoKyMeHrbI' orpaxaB-

rlne xnsHb np"anp""r"q' Cxorlrb nx 6u'no? fae oHn xpauu'rlucl?

Kyaa u qro nepexoAnJlo or oAHofg- :l?Aenb[a x 4pyrorvry? I{ro n

Korila 6ulto norepflHo u yttt'luroxenol 3ro Heu3BecrHo' 3ua'nn

roJrbKo, qro nepeA Orra6prcxofi peno'nrcuuefi 4oryueuru Haxo-

Ar.rJrHcb B TIoABaJIbHOM ',[oMeuIeHI"Ill oAHOro I'I3 KopnycoB 3aBOAa'

rre Hx It 3acrarlo ;;il;;;" u 'n""""rpaAe n'cdHrn6pe 1924

rojta.Vueflesuue AoKyMeHrbI nepeBe3JIH Ha nocrosHgoe xpaHeHlle B

rocyAapcrBeHnoe xpaHunnue - B apxuBoxpaHl'Inrut Nb-l ^'IIeuuH-

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HapoAHoro xo3flI{crBa'JleHnnrpa4cxoro llcropnqecKoro apxllBa

(Maxcumun"u"o""*nft- nepey;rox), lry--qy xpaHflrcfl Il nouune' Hx

iiutooptnn, npHBenI{ n nopnaox'l'r ycraHoBI'Ira Ha creJlJlaxu psAoM

c AoKyMeHTu*n ruuooo"t'f*op"xoro' ttTnevroJlbHHKa>' Mera"nln-

qecKoro, <CxopoxoAa>, CectpopellKono, Eilinficxoro' <Apceuana>'

HescKoro, Tpy:6ounoro I'I MHorHx Apyrn.x'Cyal6a,{opeeo;rrouroHHofo ap xI{B a fl yrul oecroro 328-ora -T:i5

nu"o'o'Ouf"fl dy^u6ofi apxl{BoB ocex nportaulllJleHHblx rpeArpnqr'H

uapcxoft Poccux. z_---. .-.[,oxytueHru , KaK 14 3aBoA, 6ulu uenpuKocHoBeHHoft^c-o6crseH-

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Jrucrbr r{ qapcKl'Ie qlrHGnuxn cKpbIBanH n xpaH}IJIH <3a ceMblo neqa-

TgMll).

46

I

Benuxag Oxrn6ptcxafl coqr{aJrgcfl,rrrecKas peBoJlrouxfl cAenaJrancropHqecKr{e AoKyMeHTH AOCTOqHHeM IUHpOKT{X Macc. onu cra.nucso6oAHblrr{[ r.r Aocry-nHbrMn Ans Bcero coBercKoro HapoAa.

B nepHoa nepnofi nflr'JrerKr ',o

uHurl'ar]rse Ardxceq Maxc'-MoBHqa foptxoro HcroptIKH, nucareJrn, pa6Ouae craJru H3yr{arb H[Hcarb KHt{rH ro r{cropxn 0a6pnr r{ 3aBoAoB. Cpasy x-e 6u;roperxeHo 3aHsrbcs ucropueft rlyr[.iloecxoro 3aBoAa - cHaqana noA-roroBlirb H BbtnycrnTr c6opHllx AopeBoJItouuoHHbrx AoKyMeHToB noAHa_3Ba HHeM < l lyrlrJroB-eu B Tpex peBoJt roun sx>. BuqBreulae aoxyrr.r eH _

roB H noAnoroBKa c60pHura 6ura nopyqeHa apxHBHCTaM.JI-enuH-fpaAcKoro o6nacruoro apxHBHOrO ynpaBJleHr.rff, coKpaureHHo Ha3br-BaeMofo .IIOAy, a .Ip1u-ulgaAcKoro oiAe.nenxs' I{euipa;rluoro ncro-p_lqecKoro apxHBa PCOCP, coKparrleHHo Ha3brBaerr,roro,flO[I,IA.Apxnoucru sssnn'cl sa pa6ory.

Koaaexrnrnue posucKrl

Ha aror pa3 apxr.tBH'e pogrilcK' 6uaa xonteKT'BHbre, ,n flpoBo-AUJTHCb OHH IIO 3apaHee paSpa60rauHoMy nnaHy r{ c rogHo orrpeAe-lenHofr uerblo: cocraBnrb c6opuux aoxyrtaeHroi no 1acropg6 liyd-JIOBCKOnO 3aBOAa AOpeBOJrrouHoHHOrO IIepHOAa.

<Pacronxa> HaqaJu.rcb- _cpa3y B AByx apxr.rBax _ s "TIOAV t,t/IOUUR. Apxuaucru JIOAV'np6*a" uc6ro obp"rnnn"o-u *pu"nrn_u{e HcropuqecKoro -!pxuna, oAnH - B orAeJr HapoAnoro xo3Rftcraa,pac[oJroxeHHHft s Maxcllur.l.ru.raHoBcKoM nepey;lke, rAe Ha BbrcoKaxcreJJlaxax Jre)r(aJrr{ AopeBonroqnoHHble aokyiuenru llyrnaoncxoro3aBoAa, ero aKrrnoHepHoro b6uecrsa r{ AoKyMeHru crapruero Sa6_pur{Hofo r.rHcneKropa l-lerporpa4cxoft ry6epiua, apynofi _ B orAerruyrpeuHefi noJrurrKr4, HaxoAr{BruHficq Ha flcrosiKoft yJrr.rue, rAexpaHunucb HyxHbre ,u.nx c6opuuKa AoKyMeHru: eoH4tr nerep6ypr-cxoro rySepHaropa, crp.or.rreJrbHoro orAena ry6epdcxoro rpaBJreH'fl,oKpyx{Horo cyAa, cyAe6uofi ualaru s oco6euso BaxHbre '$oHau _rerporpaAcKoro rpaAoHaqaJrbHHKa u ropoAcKoft no.nurlul| nb uerep-ro$cxoruy yqacrKy.

A rpoe apx,Br.rcroB /IOUI4A pa6orana B I 3AaHr.ru 6ugureroLeHara, npeBpaxreHHoro B apxaBoxpaullJruqe. Ha cre.uaxax Bxopo6xax ll 6es ropo6or, a pasnoueernux o6.noxxax r.r B pocKorx_Hbrx KoxaHux, caetauoBbrx H IIteJIKoBbIx flepenJrerax rexailr] AeJraI ocyAapcrBeHHoro coBera, Cosera MHHacrpoB, Muuucrepcrstl1il"_9,_ nyreft coo6ueHuq H rocruuxu, flerepOypnc*oio

-r"n"pun_

:{9--ul"""Igq a H Apyr ux rleHrpanbHb{x r.r npa Br.rrer bcrBeH Hbrx yqpex(_

,IeHHH poccnrrcKof HMnepl,tt,t, 3Aecb raKx(e Mo]KHo 6uno -

n'afirr.rAoKyMeHrbr, orHocrrrlnecfl K flyrnnoecxoMy 3aBoAy. THcqq[ u rbr-Cflql{ APXHBHbIX AEJI U3YI{I,UII.I APXHBI{CTbI B PA3HbIX XPAHHJII{UIAX.

_ - Vcropun llyru.noacroro 3aBoAa pacKpbrBaJracb He nocJreAo-g9leJrbno, a Bpa3Ho6ofr. Haxo.u,u.nucb rloKyMeHrbr pasHbrx Jrer, ocBe_ulaBrxne pasHbre coOHrgq. Aela, safiAdnsore ojlnau apxr,rBr.rcroMB OAHOM APXI,IBC, B OAHOM APXHBHOM OOHAC, AOIOJIHflNI.ICb CBEACHI,Tfl-

47

Mr.r, o6HapyxeHHbIMH ApyrI'IMu B Apyrnx Qonaax u apxuvax' VTOJIbKO COeAnnenuue BMecre, oHI{ foA 3a roAoM BOCCTaHaBJIABailU

co6urHq, Qaxru, AeJIa 3aBoAa.H ns nporuJloro npeAcrana Hcropnn." Hcropnfl xecroqaftrueft

gKCnJIyaTauHu xanura.i[,lctauu IyTHJIOBCKHX pa6outtx' llcTopl{s

raxeiefiurr.rx ycnorufi pa6oru ru k'nsHfi nyrltnoBlreB, ux 6opl6unDoTHB Karl[TaIHCTOB H CaMoAepxaBHf'' 3aeo,U. 6Hn nocrpoe' s l80l ro^y. H Ha3bIBaJIcfl oH rorAa

Canxr-fierep6yprcxui,i xaeeHHbrfi uynyuo;rnrefiHHfr sasoA. B 1824 ro-

Ay oH 6u"tr -pddpyueH

crpauHblM HaBoAHeHI4eM, nocJle qero B re-q6HHe AOJrrHx JreT 3aBOA HaxoAr,tJrcfl TO B qacTHbrx pyKax 3aBOAqI',IKOB

H nDoMbrI[JIeHHbtx o6ulectB, TO BHOBb CTaHOBIIJICfl rocyAapcTBenuofr

;"6;ffi;;tii,o. HaxoHer, s lg6g roAy npeAnpnuu'anufr 3aBoA-

unx flyrunoB Kynr,tJr ero B AOJrr y Ka3Hb[ H HaqaJI rpoKarKy xeJIe3Ho'

4opoxiultx peJlbc, rpafrne neo6xoAnuux B To BpeMq 'lt+Ilfl crponTeJlb-

crBa xeregHblx Aopor. C eroro BpeMeHH 3aBoA craJl I'IMenoBarbcfl

fi;;;;;;-;t. I{ep6g narb rer, s igzg roAy, Ha ero 6age flyrn'noe

"oiaun yxe <.AxriuoHepHoe o6urecrao nyrHJIoBcKI'Ix 3aBoAoB>'

B 3noxy pa3Bxrxfl [poMblluJleHnoro KanltTarI{3Ma B Poccltu

saBoA nocrosHHo paclxnpflJlcfl' crpouJlt'Icb HoBble qexn' B 90-e roau

XIX pera oH craJr rpynnefiUrurtl npeanpnrrueu Poccull IIo BaroHo-

crpoeuHro, napoeosbirpoeHl'In' penbcorlpoK3ly'-- ll4lcrpoeHl'Io'*raurr.ruocrpoeHl{Io,I,I3roToBJIeH[n[yuleKHapTHJIJIep[}tcKotocHa-pqxeHns.'12 tucsq pa6ovnx rpyAHJIHcb Ha 3aBoae to Iz qacoB'

a uepeaxo no 14-16 qacoB B cYrKI'I'Oco6eurrol{HTeHcIlBHopa6oranSaBoABoBpeMqI,IM[epHaJI}lcTI,I-

qecrofr sofittut, B.bInycKaR npoAyKul'Ilo HcKtIPqHreJIbHo AJIq HyxA

aofiuu, csa6xas nytir*a*", 6ou6artan, cHapflAal\'tu, 6poHeuauuuaun

6po"t. flpoussoaciso 6ulo-pacurpeuo.' npu6unn xo3qeB Bospa-

#unn. Ho s gro xe BpeMs flyrn.noecrnft saeoA llorpflcJlll Kpy[HbIe

sa6acrosxH pa6ouux, He XeJraB[rr.Ix MHpHTbCfl C HLIUIeHCKHM Cyqe-

crBoBaHI,IeM H npou3Bo.noM KaIHTaJII{CTOB'

Kraccosaq 6opl6a Ha 3aBoAe He 3arl{xana Ha BceM flporrx(e-

Hr{H ero AOpeBoJIIOUI{OHHOTO CyulecrBoB aHHfl 'fleosag.sa6acrograuafIyrnJIoBcKoM3aBoAenpoH3olxJlaeue

" ;;;;;;; -tgbg toau' 3ro

-6u;to HecJIbIxaHHoe Arq roft ropbl

ioO}rile. Pa6oque flporecroBaJll{ ''porl{B

JIHUIeHH' Hx npa3AHt'IKoB

B TeqeHfie scero roAa. 3a gro <HenoBIlHoBeHHe> HaqaJIbCTBy nflTepblx

<3aIII,|HIIIHKOB>HaKa3aJIHIIaJIKaMI,I,aocTaJIbHbIx3aCTaBI,IJIHnoKo-Durbcfl. Pvrosoaur;lo ga6acroaxu hoany Cyuxony noennuft cyA

;;;;;; 'rBo vaipo" KHyroM. Ha_noAasgoe npoureHr.re pa6ouNx -*o.au xe 6yaet <<o6.nerqerue> - ,[lenapraMeHT ropHblx I't corqnblx

AeJr HaqaJIbHI'IKy 3aBoAa coo6ulu'n: <npocs6a' He I'IMeq HHKaKono

cnpaBeAIHBoroocHoBaHHg'o3HaI{aeToAHoJII{IlIbcBoeBoJIbcTBoMacTepoBbrx, noAflr{caBuHx oHyro... Mseuneu cBoLIM AeIIapTaMeHT

noJlaraeT K yAepxaHHlo KaK Hx caMI,Ix, TaK I,I npoql4x or noAo6rrux

nocryfiKoB, orocJlarb Bcex rpol{x [noAnncaaurux nporueuue] Ha

AaJIeKI{e 3aBoAbI xpe6ra Vpallcxoro>.

48

'.-\- - -

t\

''1 .. LIJrn roAbr. B Poccllu 6uno ornaeHeHo KpeflocrHoe flpaBo. Ho,dyrn pa6oufix. KpenocrH[rlecKaq sKcnnyarallufl cMeHnJracb Ka[LIra-.rrucrur{ecKoft: rq}(eJefirxne ycJroBuff TpyAa, A.nnHnuft pa6ounfi 4eHr,HnuleucKafl 3apnrara, urpa$u H BE[serbr r.rg xaroBaHbq.

Ha yrHereHr{e pa6ouue orBeqaJrH 3a6acrooxaun, AeMor{crpa-IrnqMr{,'nporecraMu. V craqt<H c KaxAblM roAoM craHoBHJILIcb Bce6o.ree opraHr.r3oBaHHbrMr.r l,t crrJroqeHHuun. B 90-e roAu na flyrx-JroBcKoM SaBOAe BoSHr.rK pfA COrIIlan-AeMOKpaTr,rqecKr.rx KpyxKoB,'B ToM qLIcJIe l{p}txoK M. H. Ka.nnuuHa, pa6oranurero 3Aecb roKapeM.fpynna nyrn+idHexr.rx coqfian-AeMoKparoB Bo ruraBe c Dopncou 3t-HoBbeBbrM 6Hna isqsara v c Flerep6yprcxfir,t <Consou 6opl6u aaocao6oxAeH ue' p a6ouero K/r acca >, ocHoBonoJIoxHHKoM xoroporo 6unB. 14. .Ilen.ru. A noc.ne II cresAa PCAPI Ha 6ase corruaJr-AeMo-Kparr.rqecKHX gaBoAcKr.rx Kpyx(KoB Bo3Hr.tKJra n 6oruuesrrcrcKatnapruft uan oprdfi r.r3ar.t Hfl .

B. H. J'IeHHrr;He pa3 6unar ua flyrr.noecKoM 3aBoAe. B 1894 ro-Ay, y3HaB,o no6eae craqKLI npoKarql.rKon, Bra4nunp Vnauu no6HsanBo MHorr{x uexax saBoAa. A s 1895 no4y JIennH BbrcrynaJr Ha oAHofiH3 cxoAoK rryrr.rJroBcKlrx coqlraJl-AeMoKparoB Ha KBaprxpe E. 3t,tnosre.ea o Oropo,(HoM n€peprK€;

C xax<Arrru roAoM runpnnocb sa6acroso,{Hoe ABr{xenue. [oxy-MeHrbr roBopHJrH o6 yuacrun nytnJroBcKr.rx pa6ounx s nepnofi pyccroftpeBoJrrortgu 1905-1907 foAoB. Bm 6o;rrureBncrcKaq npoKJraMaquflor 5 aHeaps 1905 roaa:

<Poccuficxaq cor{Hafl -AeMoKparr.rqecxan pa6ou afl, rlaprilr,.llponerapl,tn Bcex crpaH, coeAnssfirecl!Ko sceM pa6ouulrl flyrruroacroro 3aBoAa

Torapnqr! 3 Runapn, Mhr, Bce pa6oune flyrrroscxoro 3aBoAa,sa6acrosarn. tlerupe HaIxHx roBapnula 6u;In yao;teubl MacrepoMTerggxltHttrr,l 3a ro, qro oHH sa6orluluct 6onlure ApyrHx o HauIHxpa6ounx Hyxqax. I'I Mu, Bo3MyIqeHHbIe raKI,IM rpy6uu npoHsBoJIoM,sa6acroearn, rpe6yn Bo3BpaIqeHHq Halxrx yeo.nbuHux rosapNuleftr,r yBoJrbHeHr.rq Macrepa TerqsxnHa...

flopa, nopa yxe c6pocurr HaM c ce6q HenocltJlbHblfi rsetnbrnueficroro u qHHoBHLIqbero npoLI3BoJIa. Harrr HyxHa noJIHrLt-qecKafl cBo6oAa, HaM HyxHbI ceo6oAa crar{eK, coK)3oB, co6pauuft,HaM neo6xoAr.ur,rrr cso6oAHHe pa6ouHe fa3erbI. Haru seo6xoAl.ltvtoHapoAHoe caMoynpaBJlenne (4euoKparnr{ecKan pecuy6;lnxa)...

na 3ApaBcrByer craqxa!,II,a s4paecrnyer 6opr6a ga ocso6oxAexue pa6ouero ruacca!Cf{E Korrrnter PCAP[I>.Eo.nrnenncrcKr.re nporuIaMarrur.r H Jrr.IcroBKH rreqaraJln rafigo l,l

rafrHo pacnpocrpaHqnr.r. fAe roJrbKo ux He npnxoAHJtocb cKpbrBarbH npqrarb or nonnqeftcKr.rx HrqeeK, ropoAoBbrx, npoBoKaropoe! .IIn-croBKH Hocr.rJII{ sa naeyxoft, B KapMaHe, B canore, He3aMerHo nepe-AaBaJrLr H3 pyK B pyKn, H3 rlexa B IleX, r,r3 AOMa B AOM, a KOrAaHaAo - pas6pacuranr.r H pacKJrenBaru BcnAy.

49

H napoa qr{TaJI r{x rrJIaMeHHbIe crpoqKH, 3oByurne K eAHHeHuIo,K perxuTeJrbHoft cxsatre c 3aKJIflTbrMr{ BparaMn pa6overo KJracca -caMoAepxaBr.reM H KanxraJrn3Moru. Jlncrosxx 6epexuo xpaHr.rJrr.r HHepeAKO rlJrr.r 3a HHX Ha KaTOpty, B TIOpbMbl Lr CCbrnKy.

Taxau x(e BoJrrrynuxM AoKyMeHToM 6wna u flHBapcKar rrpoK.rra-MaIIHff 6oJsruesrxos. Craqxa, HaqaBrrraflcn na flyruJroBcKoM 3aBoAe3 rueapx 1905 roAa, yxe 7 qnBapfl npeBparr.rJracb Bo nceo6qynsa6acronxy. Tpe6ooanr.rfl, BbrcraBJreHHbre nyrnnoBuaMn, 6ruln noA-xBaqeubr BceMH pa6oul.uuu flerep6ypra. Paccrpen uupHori AeMoHcr-pauul,t pa6ovrx lerep6ypra 9 xHeapn lg05 roaa, B AeHb, sorxeAu][frB Hcropnro noA Ha3BaH[eM <KposaBofo BocKpeceHbq>, BcKorbrxHyrBcro crpaHy. B Poccvrv Haqailacb nepBaff HapoAHaff peBoJrro{r.rf,.

OAHa .ga apynoft cfleAoBaJIfi sa6acrosrr Ha 3aBoAe. C oceuuno npr3brBy 6orluresnxoB BMecre c pa6outtntt Apyfilx sasoAos fle-rep6ypra rryrr{JroBqbr craJIH roroBltrbcfl K BoopyxeHHoMy BoccraHI'IIo,a l3 oxrn6pn oHr.r npr.IMKHyJIH Ko nceo6u1efi IIoJII.ITI{qecKofi sa-6acrosxe. B cosAaHHHft peeolnunefi 1905-1907 roAoB llerep-6yprcxufi Coser pa6ounx AenyraroB BotxJILI H rlyrxJloBcxne pa6oune:AenyraroM 6ul.us6paH roKapb M. 14. Kanuuun, a a uon6pe 1905 ro'Aa nyrr.rJroBcxue 6orlrueBlrKlr ycraHoBItJIH cBfl3b c [pHexaBIrILIM B

flerep6ypr B. 14. Jlenusunr. B ynopnnx 6oqx c caMoAepxaBxeMpa6oune flyrxloncxoro 3aBoAa 3a ABa c noroBltnofi roAa nepnofipyccxoft peBoJnoqnn noKa3aJlr.r ce6q oAHt,tlvr LI3 caMblx nepeAoBbIx,caMbrx crrJroqeHHbrx, caMbrx peBoJIroIlHoHHbIx oTpflAoB [poneTapHaTan"Eo"l##'surefi

rnHyrr,cb or flyrnnoBcKoro 3aBoAa K 3aBoAaMn Qa6puxaM, Ko MHoTHM qenTpaJrbHbrM r{ MecrnbrM yqpexAeHr.IqMn opraHr{3arrrqM. VsHasan H BbrqcHflfl grx cBfl3r.r, apxnBr.rcrbr rxJlr.r

no MHofr.rM aApecaM, Bo MHofl{e apxllBbt H yqpe)KAeHufl H HaxoI.ultuTaM BCe HOBbre H HOBbre AOKyMeHTbr.

flo6Hearn r.t b Mocxse: r l{eurpaJrbHoM apxrBe ApeBHHx aKroBCCCP, I{eHrpa;rrHoM rocyAapcrBeHHoM apxnBe Oxrn6pucxofi pego-Jrro qfi r.r u cous aJr Hcrlr qecKoro crp otrreJr bcrna, Apxnae B IIAII C. Ao.nt-ttre Bcero florrcKu npor.{3BoAr.rJrH n lJ,enrpaJrbHoM rocyAapcrBenuoMapxr.rBe Orra6prcxoft perolnuur.r B apxr,rBHbrx Qon4ax !,enapraueuranoJrlrqxn n III OraeleHufl, rAe HaurJrH HecKoJrbKo BaxHbrx AoKJraAoBoxpaHHoro or.u.ereHr.Iq o flyru.noncKoM gaBoAe.

- Crara r,r3BecrHa 6opl6a [yrrrJroBueB B foAbr peBoJrrorlnouHoronoAbeMa 1910-1914 foAoB. Yxe 22 anperq l9ll roaa onl.r co6pa-JrHCb Ha MHTHHT X rIOCJre STO|O OTKpbITOTO nOJrr.rrHqeCKOrO BbrcTynJre-Hr.rr Bce qatr1e craJrr,r npoBoAr.{Tb MaccoBbre MHTr.rHrr4 u 3a6acroBKLI,Koropble HepeAKo oxBarbIBaJI[ Becb 3aBoA, B oco6eHuocru B foAbrnepsoft unponofi sofiHH. 3 lrtonq l9l4 roaa nyrr.rnoBrlbr 6acrosaruB sHaK coJrHAapHocrn c 6axnHcKr.rMr.r pa6ovnrr,ln, n ceHrn6pe l9l5 ro-Aa - rrocne paccrpeJra pa6ovnx HsaHoso-Bo3HeceHcKa - npoBe/rt,tnoJrr.rrrlqecKyro craqKy Bcero 3aBoAa, a 5 @enparx l9l6 roAacuoBa 6acrona.r Becb 3aBoA H Ha MHTHHTe 6lr.ra npr.rHflTa 6orrruegn-crcKafl pe3oJtrounfl c rrp?r3brBoM r Hosofi peBonroqnr.r:

50

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!

<TogapHUrH pa6ovne!' Mu, rryrr'rJroBqbr, B Kor,qecrse 20 000 qenoseK BHoBb BoccraJrlrHa 3ar'lr'rry acero pa60sero KJracca. flpe4rxansq o6ul'ne sKoHOMr.r-I{ECKHC I,I NOflUTI,IqCCXUC TPC6OBAHUfl, MbI HH HA MITHYTY HC COMHC-BaeMcr B rou, qro HarxeBbrcryrureHHe 3a Harrr t,t o6 ura-e rpe6o_ii:i :. ::Tq:rnl rroAAepx(Ky ncero_pa6oqefo Krracca llerep6ypra.IIPCAbflBTRHTC SKOHOMH'{CCKHC TPC6OSAHNN, BbIHOCHTC IIOJIHTHqE-cKr.re_ pesoJnor\un u np[coeA].rHsftrecl x o6uqeuy aucrynleHurc!Haua peqgnnquC!!!

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_ u coJrAarcKnx AerryraroBflerporpaaa, yqpe)KAenHr,tri n niupr" tsti ."A;-il;nvruii"" n"_reproecxoro Cosera, rper{MyuqcfseHHo ounn oo.ilru6;;;; c IIy

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"co6urusx lglT roaa.

-"Jj^"-:^ 11"^:tl lgl7 loaa nyrnrloB(bl, orMeqan roAoBrrrriHy<\poBaBofo BocKpeceHbn>, 6pocl.r.nu pa6ory, sa6acronaro 30 rHcqqpa_6ovux.. A n Seepane rlerep6yprcxrft KoMHrer 6onlruesfixoB, ro_rosneulnfi MaccoBoe nucrynneHNi pa6ouux nporlrB caMoAepxaBlq,::lryj- ryrnrroBrraM roAroroBr.rrb Arrr eroro o6qeuu"d.'^ylo uu_oacroBKy H [oAHqrb Ha 6opr6y aclo HapecKyro 3acraBv.oro 6uno BbrrroJrHeHo.- ia freapa.,r"-;;6;;;;";;';;,0"r" an Ma-:I:qcKafl, a 2l tenp-arq 6acroianri yxe Bce Macrepcx"6 nyr"ro"_cKoro 3aBoAa. Aapexrlag 3aBoAa 66:,lasuna JroKayr H 3aKpbrJra3aBoA. 3a6acrosxa- pa60uux !v"rno**oro 3aBoAa craJra roJrqKoMK MaccoBoMy Bbrcryfl./reguro pa6ovux ryorHB caMoAepxanHa. 2S 6en-panr 6acrona.ln yxe Bce 3aBoAbr flerporpa4a. B ror )Ke Aeur[yrHJIoBIrbI cJtoMa,'IH 3aKpbrrbre Bopora r{ BopBaJrr.Icb Ha 3aBoa.

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e pyrax pa6ovttx.-Haqalacr peBorlounq. A-27 Qenpalr oHa yx(e

6viriesana Ha vJIHIIax eoccrasuiefi croJII'lIlbI. flyru.lonuu c pa6out'ltun

A"py.ni sasoa6s flerporpaaa n rpucoeAl{HLIBITIHMLIcq K HI4M peBoJIIo-

rIr.rOHHbrMLI coJIAaTaMLI' flerporpa4CKorg rapH[3oHa .rpoMlIJIH [6JII'I-qefrcxne fracrKn, oxpyxnofi cyA, 6panu rlopbMbl' apceHafl' apecro-BbTBaJIH reHepaJloB, CaHoBHHKOB' Ml',IHHCTp,oB.

HeHasucrHafl qapcKaq MoHapxHq 6u.na cBeprHyra' llo6eayoAepxaJla 6ypxyaauo-AeM oKp,arlrqecKaq peBor lounq'i' h*tru"o"npoao.nxaJll,t Aeficrsoearr pa6oune flytnloBcKoro 3a-

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Boeuessoro npaBuTeJbcrBa oHH npuur.nll yqacrfie r anpenlcxofi

ae"o""tpuqun.' 12 nnaq l9l7 roAa rryrHJlonuu npoaenu o6ulesasoA-

cxofi rrrsittttr Bo ABope 3aBoAa, Ha KoropoM BbIcrynHJI B' H' JIeHns'

A nosre vqacrllf, B HIoHbcKofi o6lrr.eropoAcxoft AeMogcrpaunn ny-

rr.rJroBubr 3 HroJlq l9l7 ro4a npr.rMKHyJrr.r,K peBoJIIoI(fioHHoMy Bblcryn'reHHro nerporpaAcxllx pa6oul.rx H_ COJrAar nporllB BpenreHuoro npa-

surefllcrsa , 4' t,toJrr 3f-rucsquofi ro,nounoft, noA oxpagofi KpacHo-

inapaefiue", c JIo3yHroM <Bcn BJI-acrb CoeeraM> ttoAoIxJII'l K

Tanplruecxoruy aeoPuY, rAe 3aceAa.tr IIHK Coeera, H norpe6onanu

cBepxeHufl Bpeueuuoro npaBl'lrenbcrBa.'3ro 6u.nu

-6ypuue, 6oeeHe Ann. osn 3aneqaTJIeHbI B nporoKoJlax

r.r pe3onloqnffx MHoxecrna_co6pannft n ulruHroB nyTLIJIOBCKHX pa-

6ouux, B Hx Bo33BaHHsx. lpoano, npeAynpexAarcue 3ByqaJI roJloc

3aBoAa- B pe3oJlounn l0-ruisqnoro -runiunra

[yrI'tJIoBues 22 iroJrsl9l7 ro,na:

<MH gafsfiqeM: BceM saBOeBaHHflM peBOJIIOUt{n rpo3ltr onacHocTb.

Cnacrn peBoJIIoqHIo Mox(Ho roJIbKo nyreM npoBeAeHI'Iq B .. xnsHb

peBoJrroIlHoHHbIx Mep,..yKa3aHHbIx " -l'" nyHKre nacronqefi peeo-

irtounn. EAuHcrseHHofi cnlofi, cnoco6xoft BbInoJIHI'ITb ary Ben[KyIo

3aAaqy, qBrqercfl nponeTapHar I{ [OnynpoJlerapl'Iar rcpoAa H Ae-

peBH[, LI ToJIbKo raxoe npaBHTeJIbcrBo' Koropoe 6yAer onfiparbcq.

Ha pa6oqux, corAar.H KpecrbsH'..>iVlono^"t" pa6ouue-nyiuJroBUbr, HAf, no cronaM orIIoB, 2 anrycra

l9l7 ro,qa na o6qeu co6panuu 3affBIlJIH:<PerunteltHo rlporecryeM nporlrB rofi 6eruesofi rpanlu, "' Koro'

paf noToKaMI,I JIbeTcg Ha aBaHrapA pe-B-oJlnqnoHHoro npoJIeTapI,IaTa'

i. e. na 6onrruesuxoB I'I 'nx

soxAefi... Mu, rcHours' ... 3af,BJlfleM, qro

CTparxeH 6y4et TOT qac, KOrAa MbI, IOHOIIIH' Anf CnaCeHlIfl peBOJIIOqn[

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flapasl{roB, KOrOpHe xHByr noroM H KpOBbIO TpyAnlqfixcf"'>fIou6.nrxa.nucb Peuapulte AHII.2i oxrn6pa lglT roaa, yrpoM, 6olrutesuctcxufi urra6 peBoJllo-

uHr{ -Ilerporpa4cxufi BOeHHo-peBoJrrou[oHHblft XOUl.Itet, Bo3IJIaB-

52

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nqeMbrri B. H. JIenu_HbtM, ng Cruolrsoro AaJr cnrHar K BoopyxeHHoMy

P:::yT::j:^..,L::pL*eH Hbre cr.rrr br pa 6ov uf t;t;;"; fi 6rpo.p.auoHnr{ r_pr'rBeAeHbr o 60eeyn roroBHocrb. l2 abopyxeHHbrx KpacHo-raap4eficxnx coreH co6panucr ua flyrnloBcKoM 3aBoAe, a orryAaot6opHnft orpflA xpacnbreapAeliqee "nprrxeJr e CMo;Hbrfi. qr.rolp;1.:-"..""!{fT-l^:nytH.rroBueB- Hanpainracr x flerepro$cxonyYr"."jJl^*!iT9ll9_"y rreHrpy 6oeaux cHn, ocyurecrgnqsueMy pac-ttopsxeHn fl uO. €HHo-peBoJrrorIHOHHoro KoMHrerd. Ocran rnbre orpflAbrY:Y::51l-:'1t4l:l-ot"ap4efiqen HanpaBI'IrII{cb .B Apyrre, 3apaHeeonpeAeJreH H brq aMecra.

ilyrnnoncftifi saeoA npeBparr.rnce B BoopyxeHsuft nareps. B11"^"j._1"j- ^:91!i:ie rurr a H a n pF xeH Ha q op r a H r.r 3 a quo HH as p a 6ora.y::l-"^L{1:o- _f_pJnn" pa.6ounx Ans Aocrasxr opyaaft H cHapqAoB.r\oM nJreKroBa{#qb opyaaftuue pacr{erbr ann opyal4; H3roroBrfl eMbrx1-1_1o1o_t

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27 oxra6pn lglT roAaI-[exonofi KoMHrer lul [anu-enryo] c6op [ouHo]r uac [repcxofi.lyAocroBepqer, qro p [a6ouuri Nb] b6

-Anexiairap TdpoHos'alficrna_

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H "uta

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_ Cue BbrAaHo 22 woSepaLra llyrnnoncKoro 3aBoAa B roM, qro oHr.r6u.n-x npuxoruaH4upooaud la od.:nyro nnxnro Kpa?;"; ce.ll; _ [ap_cxoe B pacflopq)Kesue B._p. Korvrtreta, c 3eHHTHbtMH opv,u,HrMH c25 oxrn6pn no 22 uosdpf, c. r. Vcnonns.s."o" oOqia""oii,u'aoOpo-coBecrHo r'r orKoMaHA[poBbrBarorca o6parno na flyrn.noncxfili easoA.

Haqalrntx rura6a ... [noannct nepas6opur.rnal

,Kouuccap ... [no4nncl- uepas6opvl.lBa]> ' 'n cJreBa KpyruIaq fleqaTb.laKne AoKyMeHTbr oco6eHsu He roJrbKo coAepx(aHueM, Ho HBHeIlHr4M BIAOM. rlo er.r4y oHr{ HeKa3r.rcrbre

- Ha ipocrofi, rroAqacrryrb xerrosaroft, cepoearofi H Aaxe na o6eprouuoft, raeerHoli

53

*:.iti

V4ocroaepenne, BblaaHHoe uroQ-epflu flyrn'noncxoro 3aBoaa Ha'{iullgltxou ulta6a

larqrHcxoro oip"au'gl-p' Kouurera 22 ttot6pq l9l7 roaa'

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p a"la,uot' -q-u^t3-."Crper{

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H B Cne[IKe 6oR, TOpOnJII"IBbIM noqepKoM'

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Beg <ceun neqarefi>

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<flyrHnoseu B rpex peBorloqfiqx>, a pa6oql'Ie <KpacHbro nyrn'noa-

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ux y ce6q Ha 3aBoAe.

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flepe4rIlxHan BbIcraBKa 3a HecKo'nlxo Aseft o6ouua Bce uexn

,u"oar. Oua lpunnexna o6utee BHI4MaHI{e' qaue BbIcraBKy ycrpau'

7in" e o6eAeHHHfi nepepur. Pa6oque paccMarpnBailA il qHra'IIII

54

AOKYMCHTbI, CJIYIXAJIH PACCKA3 3KCKYPCOBOAA 06 I{CTOPI,IH IIYTI,UIOB-CKOTO 3ABOAA. AOKYMEHTbI BbI3BA.III OTPOUHUfi r,rHrCPCi K TIPOIIIJIOMY3aBOAa.

B 30.e roAn 6uno HarrucaHo MHoro KHHI rro lcropr.rH Sa6pNx n3aBoAoB. 3ro narpuorr.rqecKoe Aero npr.rHqno ueo6uqiftuo'6o;rruroftpa3Max. Toltxo n .IleHnnrpaAe cosAaBarn HayqHo-xyAoxecrBeHHbreKHHrr'r gopoK .fpyn-Heftruux rpeArplrqruft, raxlre saBoAbr, xar Hxop-cKr.rft, Ea.nrnftcxr.rfi, <KpacHurt rpeynolsHl.lK>, <CKopoxoA>, uHei-cKuft>, <<Eons1u-esuK>, r.rMeHH Maprq, <Onexrpoclrnau, nueHu Kap.iraMaprca, <<Kpafoirufi ru6opxeq>, <Kpacuufi 'nyruJroBeq>

r.r Apyrne.3rr' KHnr.H cocraBJrflJIlr He roJIbKo rro BocnoMHHaHr.rrM, ra3erHblMH [eqarHbrM t4croqHr.rKaM, a rJlaBHbrru o6pasou no AoKyMeHTaM, noapxsBHbrM MA €puanaM

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PggTle H HHx€HepbL Oco6esso MHono Hx 6Hsaro s .IIOAV, B xpa-HI,IJII{il{AX KOTOPOIO HAXOAHJIIICb TTABHbIE MATCP}IATbI

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So14n Qa6pnx H 3aBoAoB .IleHuHnpa4a. B qura.no"o, suJre "lloAyHa-Hsxeuepuofi -y.lraqe

roJrbKo 3a nepBbre noJrropa foAa 3aHr.rMaJrocbzbb,qeroBex, I 19 r{3 Hr.rx 6unu pa6oune.

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Corpy4frnxr.r apxuBa 3aAyMaJrHcb, KaK ryr{rue n 6urcrpee BbrnoJr-HHrb npocb6y. Cocraaunu 6pura[y, no[rJrr{ B xpaHHJrHr]Ie x Son4yBolxoacrpoff, 3aHHMaBueMy r{enbrit pnl, crenlaxeft. floncxn ocJrox-HHJIHCb reivr, UTO OnUCH 6U.nU anaxyupoBaHbr. Eeg Hr.rx uyxno 6unocMorperb noApflA cBflsKy sa csssxofi, AeJro 3a AeJroM. Tucgqn Ae.n!Llcxanu s jxoroAuol,t xpaHxJrnue HecKoJrbKo Anefi. Kaxaafl Haxo.qKapaAoBaJr a, I no46a4puna.n a. P aglrcxalra Heo6xoAtrMbre rJraHbr, cxeMbr,gepre)Kx, f,a6.naqu, Koropbre [poeKTnpoBulnKr.t cKonupoBaJtH H Hc-rroJrbgoBadn e ceoefi pa6ore. A no saeep[reHnn flpoeKrHbrx pa6or<fu4ponpbeKT> npncJraJr apxuBy ruicbMo v yKa3anr B HeM, qro naft-AeHHbre u isHAaHHHe |AOPCCoM AoKyMeHrbr 3Har{Hrenlso o6.nerqn-nfi n ycKppr.rJln BbrnoJrHeHHe trpoeKrHux pa6or r]o BoccraHoBJreHr.tnBo.nxoecxoft IHHLTH nepeAaqr4 H B roM, qro .IlesunrpaA noJryquJrgJreKrpr.rqecLHl_clgr Ha rroJrHyro MotqHocrb, ecrb AoJrfl rpyAa H co-rpyauuxob |AOPCCa.

Mnorr.ie apxuBbr Coeercxoro Cooga rroMorarH r{eM MofJru BTqxeflbre roAH sofiHbr r.t [ocJreBoeHHoro BoccraHoBJreuur. Tax, pa-Qoglqxu 1[eurpa.nuuoro nocyAapcrBeHHoro HcropHqecKoro apxuBaCCCP ni Jleuuurpa4e no4o6pa.nr MarepHaJrbr, norpe6oaaBrrHecflAnq eoccbanoBJreHufl ExarepuHl.tHcKoro H Apyrux ABopr-(oB B npuro-poAax JleHxurpa4a il xeJre3Hbrx Aopor a Be.nopyccah, Jlrree uScroHnu,l a apxr.rBlrcrbr pecny6nuxaHcKHx u o6nacrHtrx apxnBoBnpeAocraBr.r.nu Heo6xoAnMbre AoKyMeHrbr npfi coopyxeHr,ru o6opoul.l-TeJIbHbrxr yKperrJreHufi e Pocroae-ua-,4,oHy, pa3MuHnpoBauna Taras-pora, erp oxpecrHoctefi, lroproB H MocroB, npu BoccraHoBJreHH14xuescxofo yHr.rBepcHrera, 3aJra saceAaHHfi BepxonHoro CoseraVxpauHixoft CCP, BoAonpoBoAa r{ KaHaJrr,r3arrhr4 ropoAa Kuena,npr.r Bo3pox(AeHlrr, .[,uenporeca n 3anopoxle...

Apxunrcru |AOPCCa 3aHHMaJrHcb He roJrbKo BbrqBreHHeMnpaKTHl{ecKIt qeHHblx apxr.rBHbrx Marepr.Iad'roB fi opraHi.r3aquefi uxHcttoJrb3pBaHufl ilpH BoccraHoBJresnn JlessHfpaAa H ropoAoB .Ilenns-rpa4croili o6racrn, Ho BeJru r.r HayqHyro pa6ory c AoKyMeHraMH,rorosnn,H crarba: <<Kpax npaxecxofi oKKynarrnr.r na llcxonulnHe B

tglS roAy>, <<Pa6o,rHe llerporpa4a a 6opl6e c r.rHrepBeHraMH>.25-"r1erne apxr.rBHoro crponreJrbcrsa s CCCP orMeqaJrocb txr{poKo.B $ocxee hasHoe apxnBHoe ynpaBJreHue B pa3rap softiH s

65

HroHe 1943 r. rpoBeno Bceconsuyn xoHQepeuunrc HcropuKoB-apxr-Br,rcroB. Ha see c6exaJr[cb apxnBucrbt co ecefi crpaHbl. Or ueHrpals-Hbrx u o6nacrnu4 apxlrBoB Jlennnrpa4a 6u.na HanpaBnena q. tlaronQepeHqnn 6u.tr sacJlyuraH AoKJraA HaqarbHnKa fAy H. C. Hn-Knrr.rr{cKoro <Htotn pa6otu coBercKr.rx apxr.rBoB sa 25 Jre?>,

Aor.na,qu rtpoSeccopa A; M. flaHxpatorofi <CoctosHne ucropHl{e-cxofi nayxn u ee nepcneKTI{BbI>, HaqaflbHfiKa Hayuuo-ny6Jtl'IKarop-cKoro orAena fAV II. f. CoQnHosa o6 apxeonpaQnl{ H nepcneKrH'Bax pa3BHrIrR ny6nnxampcxofi AeffTeJtbHocrH rocyAapcrBeHHblxapxxnbn Cosercxoto Conga. Sror Aox.naA elqe rorAa, e 1943 roly,opneurnpora.n apxnB[IcroB Ha ultpoKylo HayrlHylo pa6ory nocJleeofiHbr. 3anouuu.nct paccKa3 Alexcen Toncroro o roM, KaK oH

pa6man s, apxnrax l.t no.[6apa.n AoKyMeHrbl K cBoeMy poMany<flerp flepeufi>.

A-s |AOPCCe saavn{art x 30-nerup Benuxoro Oxrn6px ngAdrlpiA AoKyMeHrarbHbilx i6opHl.moe no HcropHH BenNxofi Oxin6prcxoficoulaJrr.rcTfiqecxoft peBoJiIouHI,l [r eqe e 6roxaAHble AHH HaqaJIH

roroBr.rrb c6opunx AoKyMeHToB no KoMureraM AepeBencrofi 6eAnoruCesepHofi o6lacrn.( c""rnto 6noxaau, K pelrl{reJlbuouy 6oto sa JleHnurpaA'foro'BtlJtucb H€ ToJtbKo soficxa JleHuurpaAcKoro QpoHra, Ho H Bce JIe-

HnHrpaAIIbr. foroBunucb t,t apxuBtlcrbl.ApxnnHufi orAeJI VnpanleHnn MB,IL, B BeAeHI'IH Koroporo fonAa

HaxoAl,rJrr.rcb qeHTpaJIbI{He, o6n aclHue u Apyrfl e ap xHB bI .Ilenn Hrp a4an Jleunnrpaacrofi o6.qacrn, co3AaJI oreparxBHyrc rpynny <apxnBttblxpa3BeAqnKog5.4Jfl noHcKoB tl cnaceHfifi .ll,oKyMeuTog e ocso6ox(Aae-irrux or oKKynaHToB ropoAax n pafiouax .IlennurpaAcrofi o6nacrn.Or fAOPCCa s Hee BorilJll{ Tpoe apx[Bl{croB, B roM qIrcJIe H t.

.,. H aor HacraJIH gHanaesaielbHtile AHH. B nHnape lg44 roaasoficxa Jl€HnnrpaAcroro QponTa [epeuJJIIr B HacrynJlenne, ocBo6ox-/r,aq or Bpara oAnH'nace.neHHufi nyHKr 3a ApyrI{M, s ocso6oxAennblepafi"otrH BuegxaJlll orpqlbr MHJIHIITH, B Koropble BXoALTJILI H <ap'xuBHHe pasBeAquxn>. Orpn.qu 3rH npeABapureJlbHo co6upanncrn 6ou6oy6e)x[qe. I,lx Hagusaru no I{a3BaHHfM ropoAoB u pafioHoe:<KpacHocerbl{btr>, <nereproSuu> H T. A. f sxoArua B orpnA <nyu-KHHqeB> H AoJrxHa 6una sbrexaTb B r. flyurxsH.

flyruxuH 6un ocso6oxtes 24 sHBapt- 1944 noAa, a Ha ApyroftAeHb AHeM, r 6ou6oy6exnu-(e pa3Aaflacb KoMaHAa:

- flyruxnHuri! Buxoau!V exoAa yxe cronJra rpy3oBafl MaurnHa. B nyrs ornpaBr{Jlucb

AeBfTb I|JILI AeCgTb MHJIHUIIOHepoB C Br{HTOBKaMH, MHHep C MT,!HOHCKa-

reneM u f c flycrbrM qeMoAaHoM B pyKe.Dwr rpxnfi co.ngeqsufi aenu. Ao 3Tono renJrafl nonoAa Heoxr-

AaHHo cMeHnracb 25 rpaaycuut,l ltopoSou. Buexaan sa ropo4. flpo-exaJrn MHMo pa3pyruenuofi fly.lxoncxofi o6cepnaropnu, i.nnxAaxefir.r Mr{HepoB, B3pbIBaBu}Ix MtIHbI uo oooqusaM [occe. llpoMr{arscbno Aopore 6aa, c ne y6panuuMu eule reJIaMH y6nrux.

flpuex'ann u flyuxl.rtr. Hspaqno [oKoJlecI{B no yJn{qaM, rAe Ha

66

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KaxAoM Hary BcrpeqaJrncb AoueqKH <3auuHupoBaHo) n <Pagus-Hr,rpoBaHo>f cnJrorrrb pa3pyueHHbre 3AaHnq u AoMa, 3HflK)ulHe crparu-llr'rMn AhrpaMu BMecTo oKoH H ABepeft, BlexaJrH B qeHrp ropoAa.Marunua yuna. K sau noAorrrJta MHHepH r{ npeAynpeAnJrx, rtro Bce3AMIHHPOBAHO II B sAAHUfl BXOAHTb HEJIb3', XOAHTb MO}I(HO TOJIbKOtro pa3Mr.rHr.rpoBaHHblM yJrr.tqau. Mn.nnqnoHepu, Hx HaqzubnnK .rtMHHep yrxnn, a fl, Ir eue oAnH Mrulr,tqr{oHep ocTaJrucb y neqefi ,

nocpeAn yJrr.urbr. Cretuse.no. Mnnepu npeKparr,tJrr,r pa6otu. CraloAo crpaHHocru rr.rxo. Bsolura .nyHa. Mopo3 ycfirnncq.

Haroneu MnJrnuxoHepbr BepHynncr. Haqa.nrHr.rK roporAeaa MB,t[noBer Bcex K KnpnuqHoMy 3AaHHp, B KoropoM Ao sofiHu pa3Me-rrIaJIHcb rqpKoM napruH r{ ropncfloJtKoM. C pyunnm Qonapnxor,acrrycTr.rJrHcb B noABaJr, 3aronHrH [eqb, Itoyx(utc.ailu, JIeTJIH Ha cToflUIHe3Aecb xe xeJle3Hbre KpoBarr{ 6es' uarpaqeB H cpa3y eacnynn. HapaccBere,dcxo,{nrtr KaK no KoMaHAe or Kpr{Ka:

- fae ryr Qyracxn?Orasuqaercq, Mr.rHepbr errle Haxanyne o6napyxr.rJrn B coceaHeM

orceKe rtoABara M[Hbl 3aMeAJreHHoro AeftcterR, Ho H3-3a reMHorbrHe cMofJn{ llx o6esepe4urr. Tax naqaacs Harrr rpyaosofi aeHl26 aHnapr. Mn.nuquonepbr HanpaBrut[cb cMeHflTb rrocrbr, ycraHoB-JreHHble cpa3y no npuesAe y Exarepr.rHr.rHcKoro ABopua.

f eMecre c HaqaJIbHHKoM roporAe.rra MB.[ H MHHepoM Hanpa-Br{nacb K ABoprlaM. Csaqana ocMorpeirn 3aKonqeHHbrfi Auuorn no-xapa ExarepuHnHcxnfi ABopeq, BepHee ry qacrb ero, rAe MoxHo6uno npofiru. B noABaJre no4 6enuna rponHbrM satoM yBnAenr,rMr.rHy 3aMeAnenuoro AeftcrBnfl, Ho yxe o6eaopexeunyn ($ororpa-$nn ee BqrcraBJreHa cefiqac B aKcflo3r.tuul.r rrlysen), 3areu frpoun]rro nyIuKHI'IcKoMy Jrurren n An0xcaHApoBcKoMy ABopr{yi Bo 4oopqaxH B Jrnqee ece 6brno orpa6.neuo n pa3pylreHo $anuctaMr{: ocraJrucboAHH roflbte cTeHbI.

flocne ocMorpa ABoplloB fl lrrJra oAHa no nporo[TanHbrM MHHe.paMn cHexlHbIM yJII{IIaM, BcnOMHHafl; KaK Ha HHCTpyKTIIBHOM COBeIrIa.HHH B ApxHnnom orAene roBopnnr{: <.[,eficrayfire crrtorpn no o6cra-HoBKe>. A r llyruxnse o6cranoBKa ora3anact rarofi: ynnqu, 4ouaH 3AaHug gaMr.rHnpoBaHbr, Bxo,4ur6, B Hnx HeJrb3fl. Bcex Ao oAHoroxnrenefi {aruncrn yruann r.r3 ropoAa. tlro xe Ae.nars? HeoxnAaHuo.Bbrpyqt,lnn MHHepH. OAUH ug Hr.rx BeceJro nocoBeroBaJr:':- Bbr, rpaxi4auouKa, cxoAl{Te K HaueMy KoMaHAnpy, uafiopy.TaK, Mor, 14 TaK, npnexaJra no BaxHoMy Aeny, Hy n [onpocuTe,.rro6u xoMau4up HaM npnKa3zil,- rAe yBHAr.rM 6ynaaru, saM coo6-rqarb. Kaxluft x(e AoM ocMarpl{Baeu. Hac xe Mrroro, Hy }r noMoxeM.fcso?

f rax n cAeJraJra, H y MeHq notBr.rJrcfl 6onluoft orpxA pa3BeA-r{r,rKoB Aor{,yMeHToB: MhHepbt coo6ula.nn MHe, rAe oHH ari,(eflu <6y-Marr.t>. flq nx yKa3aHnqMt a ro I{ caMa, ocMeJreB, fl ocMarpHBaJIa3AaHHn Il AOMa.'

OAHaxP pe3yJrbrarbr Bce xe oKa3aJrr.tcb HeBeJrHKr,r. TorAa q craJtapasucxnndrb AoKyMeHrbr H B Ilanroscre. VxoAnna ryAa yrpoM H

67

Bo3BparqaJracb BeqepoM Ha3aA B flyr[KLIH. llaenoscx 6ul raxxecHJrbHo pa3pyulen I{ 3aMI,IHHponas. Te xeB TIOHCKAX.

B flyurxuue r flasJoscxe QaurncruABOpUbI, HO H yr{pexAeHHF, npeAnpl'IqrHfl I4

tlJrr.r yHHqTOXI{JII{ [pOH3BeAeHHs I'ICKyCCTBa,

Mr{Hepbr noMoraJILI . MHe

pasrpa6Nnu He roJIbKoqacTHbIe AoMa, BbIBe3rLIo6opyAonaHile, Me6e[b,

KHr.rra, AOKyMeHTbI H apXHBbl.3aronqnn ocMorp flanroscxa, R auectb c HaqaJIbHI{xoM flasron-

cxorg pafiorAer'ra MBA suexaila B noceJloK BsIpuqa. Aonro neMorJrr.r- nu6parlcn l,ts f]asnoscKoro napKa c noBaJIeHHbIMH BeKoBbIMLt

AepeBbfMn, B3opBaHHbIMl.t MocTaMH H MocTHKaMI,l, 3aBaJIeHHbIMHarreqMr.r. Bu6parucr r.rs Hefo yxe rro3AHo BeqepoM. Aanlrue no-exaJrn no noJreBbrM 6egrroAnnr{ AoporaM, opueHTnpyflcb Ha nyre-Bbre yKa3areJrr.r crpeJlox sa cron6lrKax, cAeJIaHHbte .{lefi-ro sa6or-nnsori pyxofi. Vel.anewa c,'Ibrularcs fpoxor opyanfiHori crpelt6u.He6o Bcnblxr.rBaro r 03apflJlocb 3apeBoM. B BHpHqy npHexaJII{noqrr,r Horrbro. Ocrafionnnucb B 3.u.aHI,Ir{ loceJlKoBofi wtunuunn.

C yrpa fl rrprrHflJracb 3a noucKn AoKyMeHros. 3Aecl lto cpaBHe-Hr.rlo c flyuxnHurrr u flannoscroM pa3pytxeHHbtx I{ 3aMHHLIpoBaHHbIxsna;1'nir 6u.no gsaqareJlbHo MeHbIIIe. B nocglxe ocraJlocb HecKoJIbKocoren xnreneft. PasHcrnsarb AoKyMeHTbI noMoraJIH H B3pocJloeHaceJleHue r.r Aaxe AerH noceJlKa.

Aea naars,{yraHa, IuKoJIbHHKLI, npHBeJIn MeHfl Bo ABop pa3pyureH-Horo AoMa x pas6urofi seueuxofi Ma[IHHe. Bce ee coAepxnMoe6u.no pas6pocaHo BoKpyf Il 3alloporxeHo cHenoM. OrmetaR cHer,nrKoJrbHHKH noMoraJlr{ BbITacKHBarb KHHTH, Kaprbl, 4oryueuru. Co-6pan nce BMecre, osn c6ena,ru Aouoft H TIpHBe3JIII AercKHe caHKH,

nce co6pauHoe AeJIoBLITo yJIox(tIJIH Ha caHKH, o6nl3a.nn BepeBKaMH

H caMr.r Bnpsrrncb: oALIH rqHyfl 3a BepeBKy, eropofi rorKaJI BaAH.Bos c AoKyMeHraMH ItpHBe3JIt{ B IIoceJIKoByto MllJlllqillo, rAe fl >Nl4ila,r,r TaM Bce Bbrrpy3LlJIH.

Tax c yqacrr4eM MHorHx noMotr1HnKon n Bupuqe yAaJlocb Haftrnn co6parr rreHHbre AoKyMeHTbI, qacrb H3 Koropblx r ua nonyrHoftMalrrr{He npHBe3JIa e .IIeHnHrpaA, a ocradrbHbte ocraBnila Ha Mecreno,u. ua6nrcAeHHeM rroceJlKoBoro cosera.

Cuelo H peuureJrbHo AeftcrsoBaJru TorAa coBercKlle apxLIBHcrbI,noqBrffflcb e ocso6oxAeHHbrx or oKKy[aHroe pafrouax H ropoAax,r{acro pa3pyileHHbrx x 3aMHHHpoBaHHbrx. Bcrynan B KoHTaKTbI cMHHepaMH r.r HaceJreHr.reM, oHr.r cracaJIH AoKyMeHTbI coBeTcKHx yr{pex-Aeur.rfi H apxr.rBoB 4,na 6ucrpeftuero tlx HcnoJIb3oBaHuff. TaK, oAuHH3. JreHr.rHrpaAcKr.rx apxHBr.rcroB a pas6xrofi seue[xofi MarrtnHe o6na-pyxr.rJr Kaprbr MHHHb,rx no;left pafioHa flerepro$a, Koropble noMorJILIMHHepaM pa3Mr.rHHpoBarb 3ror paftou.

Kax sce coBercKne apxuBucrbl onepartlBHbtx fpynn, raK I'I apxn-Br.Icrbr .IIeHnHrpa4a co6paHHue AoKyMeHTbr nepeHoct4JILI B qeMoAaHax,MeuIKax H proK3aKax, Ha nolyTHblx Maul{Hax oTnpaBJIflJIH AoKyMeH-Tbr H conpoBox(AaJrfi rrx B HaAexHbre xpaHI,IJII{qa, a Ha MecraxopfaHr.r3oBbrBaJrr.r oxpaHy yrleJreBruHx AoKyMeHToB H apxHBoB.

68

<DpoHr 6un yxe AaneKo or .IIeHuHrpaAa u .fleHuurpa4cxofio6.nacrn. Cosercxue soficxa HaHocr.rJrr{ Bpary coKpyruHreJtbHbre yAa-pbl yxe AaJIeKo Ha 3arraAe. I-losaAr.r ocraJrr.rcb 900 6loxaAuuxAHefi. 3ro 6amu u AHr{ noABHfa apxnBHbrx corpyAHr.rKoB, orperrnB-rilllxcq or Bcero Jrr.rqHoro pa4u o6qefo AeJra 3atqurbr JleutHnpa4a,paAH cnaceHr{fl apxr.rBa.

B oAnn as cen'rr6pbcKr.tx aneft 1944 roAa K n.narsopue craHuHHJleuu Hrp a4 Orrn6p lcxoft xe.ltegHoft Aopof r{, 3 a MeAr'r fl r xoA, rroAorrreJlrosapHuft arrreJroH c pe3BaKyHpoBaHHbrMH AoKyMeHraMr.r rocyAapcr-BeHHbrx apxr{BoB JIeuuurpa4a. 3uaxoruue rrrrr4KLt Bbrrpy3r.rJrH r.r3

BaroHoB ua nlarQopMy, a gareM norpy3nJn{ Ha Maurr.rHbr H AocTaBHJIHK sAaHHflM |AOPCCa.

LI cHosa s secru6rorqx, Ha d'recrrr{tlax, Bo Bcex xpaHr.{nnuraxcroqrr.r rura6eflqr4il rrqnKr.r. Hx pacnaxoBbrBaJrH, BbtHr.rMaJrH apxr.rBHbleAeJIa, BHI,IMaTeJIbHO OCMaTpLrBar'tr.I: HeT JII.I CbIpOCTH, nleCeHU; y6e-AUBIIIHCb, I{TO BCC B TIOPgAKC, 6CPCXUO YCTAHABJII,IBAilH HA IOJIKHCTCJIJIAXCfr.

Bce sa uecre! Hn oAun H3 AoKyMeHroe Apxuna Oxra6pn necropeJr, He orcbrpeJr, He r{cflopruJrcq, He norepflncfl, se noru6. Bcey6eperna ll coxpaHr,rJrr.r Arq HapoAa, 4;rx 6yayufix noKoJreHnfi apxra-BHCTbI.

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BOCCTABUIHR 113 Pvl{tl

Hgsecnre o pasopeHnu $auucraMn HogropoAcKoro rocyAapcr-Benilono aDxHBa npnnecna u JIeHnHrpaAcK@ apxlrBHoe ynpaBJteHne<apxnBnble pa3BeAqlrKr,r> oneparaBuofi rpynnu

3ro coo6qeHt{e BgEoJrHoBaJto aprinBHbtx pa6orHnxoa. Hyxno6uno cporrHo npr.rnnMatb Mepbr K cnacennro uenHbtx AoKyMeHToBropoAa.

JIeHuxrpa"lcxrfi rocyAapcreenHufi apxr.rB Orrn6prcxofi peno-JrrorlHtr t{ couniMtrcTHqeckoro cTpoHTeJrbcTBa HeMe&rreHHo co3AaJtng <6.n0raAHbrx rBapAefiues>.MoroAex{Hyn 6pr.rra4y B cocraBe Ha-yqHoro corpyAHr{Ka rr AByx apxnBHo-rexHuqecKux pa6orHnxor.

B uapre 1944 ro,qa 6pnra4a Bblexana ug JleHuHrpaaa. AlqopraHn3aqln pa6otu;BMecre c rreft xanpaBnJracb n Hoeropo4 n n.Mu exaru no JlenriurpaAcxofi o6fiacrn, Mr.rMo pa3pyuenHbrx ropoAoBH BHXXCHHbIX AEPEBEHb, TAE BMCCTO AOMOB TOPqATH OAHH AbIMO-xoJtbr.

Honropo4 aAMHHHcrparuBHo BxoAHJr rorAa B JleHnnrpa4cxyroo6nacrt. .Il,penurfi pyccxlrfi ropoA 6ul aapeapcKll pa3pyruen. Henorl1aAnnr aaxe Kperwrn n Co$nficxoro co6opa - ropAocrn pyc-cKoro H MlrpoBoro 3oAqecrBa - H 3HaMeHflToro naMf,TrinKa <Tucnqe-JIerHIo Poccr.u.t>, paeo6paHuoro QaruncraMn Ha orAeJrbHbre qacru,KoropHe BanflJn{cb ryr xe, B cHery. Hx rnr.neponqu co6nparilcbyB€rH s fepuannro, Ho He ycnerr.l.

HecrraoTpr' Ha npaHAnogtrble paspyrr'enr.rr, xH3Hb B ocgo6oxAeu.Hor'l HoBropoA€ rula noJrHbrM xoAoM. )l(nrenu 6ucrpo H ynopfioBocctaHaBtttgaar4 ropo,{,, grb gAasl.rq, AoMa, Moc?br.'Hs BorxoeaAocraBaJr[ cnpcfaflHbte r.r fie' HaftAeHHbre HeMqaMH xonoxo.la Co-Qnficxoro co6opa, a ruyeefixr,le corpyAnnKr.r co6npann no KycoqKaMqenHocrn Ant BoccraHoBJreHnr naMrrHHKoB pyccxofi crapnHbr.

HoaropoAcrl.rfi. apxna HaxoAuJrcff Ha oxpdine .opo1u, B 3AaHHH6Hsurero ,Il,yxoaa MoHacrbrpx. I-[epxoet, [r€ 6uno apxr,rBoxpa-HLIJIHUTe, ,c gnerrruefi cloponpj He t,luena 6o;rsruux nonpexgeHnft.He 6uno pa3pylleno t{ ilpI,tMHKaioil(ee K uepKBH AByxgraxHoe 3AaHHec 6amertoM n,caA,,6srButttfi nryueucxnfi AoM, B KoropoM Ao sofiurrHaxoAlr.nncb Kat{[erlnpr{a, pa6ouue KoMHarbr H qnraJrbnbrfi san ap-

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72

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