Головатый А., Каплан-Мосс Дж. - Подробное руководство (2-е издание)(High Tech) - 2010

dmH H H H B Hi

The Definitive Guide to

Dj angoSecond Edition

Adrian Holovaty, Jacob Kaplan-Moss

Apress*

H I G H

T E C H

Django

Caubu- Tlemej)^jf)i 2 0 W

High tech

Django. , 2- . . . . 27. . 20. . .

., - . Django. , 2- . - . . - .: , 2010. - 560 ., . ISBN 978-5-93286-187-5 Django 1.1 - -, - . Django - , , . - , . Django , . Django - , PDF RSS, , . , Python -.

ISBN 978-5-93286-187-5 ISBN 978-1-4302-1936-1 ()

-, 2010 Authorized translation of the English edition 2009 Apress Inc. This translation is published and sold by permission of Apress Inc., the owner of all rights to publish and sell the same. , . , , .

-. 199034, -, 16 , 7, . (812) 324-5353, www.symbol.ru. N 000054 25.12.98. 29.04.2010. 70x100 l/ie. . 35 . . 1500 . 217 199034, -, 9 , 12.

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II. .............................................. 173 8. URL........................................................................... 175 URL: ............................................175 U RL............................................194 ?............................................................................................ 197 9. .................................................. 198 ..........................................................................198 RequestContext .......................199 H TM L............................................205 - ................................................208 .........................................................209 ................................................... 221 ...................................................... 223 ?............................................................................................ 223 10. ................................................... 224 ............................................................................... 224 .......................................................... 226 ............................................................................................. 230 .......................................................................................233 SQL-.....................................................234 ?............................................................................................ 235 11. .......................................................... 236 ....................................237 .............................................. 238 .........................................240 ?............................................................................................ 246 12. D jango......................................................................247 ......................................................................247 .......................... 250 DJANGOSETTINGSM ODULE.................................. 252 Django Apache m od_python............253 Django FastCGI..................................... 258 ..................................................................................264 ................................................... 270 ?............................................................................................ 271

III. D ja n g o ..........................................................273 13. , HTML...... 275 : MIME..............................................275 CSV..........................................................276 PD F.......................................................278 .................................................................... . 280 ..................................................281 ............................................................................................. 288 ?............................................................................................293 14. , ........................................ 294 Cookies..................................................................................................... 294 D jango............................................................. 298 ......................................................304 , .................................................... 316 ?............................................................................................318 15. ...................................................................................... 319 ....................................................................................320 ............................................................ 324 ........................................... 325 ................................................... 327 API ..................................................328 ......................................................................... 330 Vary...................................................................................... 330 : ..............................................332 ............................................................................334 MIDDLEW ARECLASSES.................................... 334 ?............................................................................................334 16. d jan g o .c o n trib .......................................................................................335 Django........................................................ 335 ...................................................................................................... 337 ................................................................................ 343 .......................................................................................347 CSRF............................................................................ 349 .................................................................... 352 ................................................................................ 353 ?............................................................................................353 17. ....................................................... 354 ?........................................... 355 .........................................356 ..............................................356

........................................359 ?............................................................................................ 362 18. ................................................................................ 363 .................................. 363 ......................................... 365 -....................368 ?............................................................................................ 369 19. .....................................................................370 ................................................372 .........................................................378 Django ............................381 ......... 383 set_language............................................................... 385 JavaS cript..........................................................................385 , g e tte x t.......................388 gettext Windows..............................................................................388 ?.......................................................................................... 389 20. ....................................................................................... 390 ..............................................................................390 SQL................. ..................................................................... 391 (XSS).......................................................... 393 HTTP-.....................................................................395 ....................................................................... 395 ...................................... 397 .................................................................................... 398 ...................................................... 399 .............................................. 400 ?............................................................................................ 400 IV. ...........................................................................................401 A. ................................................................... 403 ......................................................................................................... 403 ....................................................... 410 ............................................................................................. 415 ..............................................................................418 B. API ................................. 422 ................................................................................ 423 .....................................................425 ..................................................................................426 QuerySet .....................................................427

...........................................................................427 ..................................................................................... 436 Q-.............................. 441 ...............................................................................442 ................................................................................447 ................................................................ 447 SQL ........................................................................ 448 C. .........................449 , ............449 ............................................... 450 /................. 452 .................. 456 D. .......................................................................467 ............................................................ 467 : DJANGOSETTINGSJMODULE......................................................... 469 DJANGOSETTINGSJMODULE.................................. 470 .................................................... 472 E. .....................................485 ......................................................485 ..............................................499 F. d ja n g o -a d m in ........................................................................512 ..................................................................................... 513 .......................................................................................... 513 ...................................................................524 ...................................................................525 G. ................................................................ 526 H ttpR equest................................................................................526 HttpResponse...............................................................................532 ......................................................................... 537

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book_list = Book.objects.order_by(-pub_date')[:10] return rendcr_to_response(latest_books.html, {book_list: book_list}) # urls.py ( URL) from django.conf.urls.defaults import * import views urlpatterns = patternsC', (r~latest/$, views. latest_books),

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, Publisher _Unicode__ (). Unicode. , _Unicode__ ():from django.db import models class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) address = models.CharField(max_length=50) city = models.CharField(max_length=60) state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30) country = models.CharField(max_length=50) website = models.URLField() def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=40) email = models.EmailField() def __unicode__(self): return u %s %s % (self.first_name, self.last_name) class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) publication_date = models.DateField() def __unicode__(self): return self.title

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save() ( SQL- UPDATE, INSERT): > p.name = Apress Publishing > p.save()

saveQ SQL-:UPDATE books_publisher SET name = Apress Publishing, address = 2855 Telegraph Ave., city = Berkeley, state_province = CA, country = U.S.A.,

website = http://www.apress.com WHERE id = 52;

, , , . . , ( ) , . :UPDATE books_publisher SET name = Apress Publishing WHERE id=52;

, , , , , - , . , : > Publisher.objects.all() [/Publisher: Apress>, ]

SQL-:SELECT id, name, address, city, state_province, country, website FROM books_publisher;

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filterQ , WHERE SQL- SELECT, :SELECT id, name, address, city, state_province, country, website FROM books_publisher WHERE name = Apress;

, : > Publisher.objects.filter(country=U.S.., state_province=CA) [/Publisher: Apress>]

WHERE AND. , :SELECT id, name, address, city, state_province, country, website FROM books_publisher WHERE country = U.S.A. AND state_province = CA;

, SQL =, . : > Publisher.objects.filter(name_contains=press) []

name contains . Django, Python, , - _contains SQL- LIKE:SELECT id, name, address, city, state_province, country, website FROM books_publisher WHERE name LIKE *%press%;

, icontains (LIKE ), startswith (), endswith () range ( SQL BETWEEN). .

filterQ QuerySet, . . get() : > Publisher.objects.get(name=Apress)

(, QuerySet) . , , : > Publisher.objects.get(country=U. S. A. ) Traceback (most recent call last): MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Publisher -it returned 2! Lookup parameters were {country: U.S.A.}

, , : > Publisher.objects.get(name=Penguin") Traceback (most recent call last): DoesNotExist: Publisher matching query does not exist.

DoesNotExist : Publisher. DoesNotExist. :try: = Publisher.objects.get(name=Apress) except Publisher.DoesNotExist: print Apress . else: print "Apress .

, , . , ; , , , . Django , , - , , . order_by(): > Publisher.objects.order_by("name") [/Publisher: Apress>, ]

all() , SQL- :SELECT id, name, address, city, state_province, country, website FROM books_publisher ORDER BY name;

: > Publisher.objects.order_by(address) [/Publisher: O Reilly>, ] > Publisher.objects.order_by(state_provinee) [/Publisher: Apress>, ]

( , ), : > Publisher.objects.order_by(state_province, address) [/Publisher: Apress>, ]

, > Publisher.objects.order_by(-name) [/Publisher: 0 Rei1ly>, ]

, order_by() . , - . Django :class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) address = models.CharField(max_length=50) city = models.CharField(max_length=60) state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30) country = models.CharField(max_length=50) website = models.URLField()

def _Unicode __(self): return self.name class Meta: ordering = [* name]

: class Meta. , Publisher ( , Publisher, ). Meta . Meta , ordering. Django, order_by(), Publisher, API , name.

, . . : > Publisher.objects.filter(country=U.S..").order_by("-name) [ Publisher.objects.order_by(-name)[0]

, save() . . , , Publisher, Apress Apress Publishing save() . :> = Publisher.objects.get(name=Apress) > p. name = Apress Publishing > p. save()

S Q L -:SELECT id, name, address, city, state_province, country, website FROM books_publisher WHERE name = Apress; UPDATE books_publisher SET name = 'Apress Publishing, address = 2855 Telegraph Ave., city = Berkeley, state_province = CA, country = U.S.A., website = http://www.apress.com WHERE id = 52;

--------------------------------------------------------------------- , (id) Apress 52.

, saveQ , name. - , , . updateQ QuerySet, : > Publisher.objects.filte(id=52).update(name=Apress Publishing)

SQL-, :UPDATE books_publisher SET name = Apress Publishing WHERE id = 52;

updateQ QuerySet, . , , country U.S.A. USA Publisher: > Publisher.objects.allQ.update(country=USA) 2

updateQ , . 2.

deleteQ: > = Publisher.objects.get(name="0Reilly) > p.deleteQ > Publisher.objects.al 1 () [/Publisher: Apress Publishing>]

, deleteQ QuerySet , updateQ : > Publisher.objects.filter(country=USA).delete() > Publisher.objects.all().delete() > Publisher.objects.allQ

[] ! Django 11(), . , : > Publisher.objects.deleteQ Traceback (most recent call last):

120File , line 1, in AttributeError: 'Manager' object has no attribute 'delete'

, all(): > Publisher.objects.all().delete()

, 11() , : > Publisher.objects.fi1te(country='USA').delete()

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urlpatterns = patterns(\

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priority (): , 0.0 1.0. 0.5; . http://www.sitemaps.org/.

Documents

Головатый А., Каплан-Мосс Дж. - Подробное руководство (2-е издание)(High Tech) - 2010