© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CSPFA 3.1—4-1 EIGRP 配置 EIGRP 是一种高级的距离矢量型路由选择协议, 但它又依赖于一些常见于链路状态型路由选择协议的特性。

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CSPFA 3.1—4-1

EIGRP 配置

EIGRP 是一种高级的距离矢量型路由选择协议 , 但它又依赖于一些常见于链路状态型路由选择协议的特性。


本节大纲：

1 ，配置 EIGRP

2 ，路由汇总3 ， EIGRP Load Balancing

4 ， EIGRP Stub

3 ，在 NBMA 网络中运行 EIGRP


router eigrp autonomous-system-number router eigrp autonomous-system-number

• Defines EIGRP as the IP routing protocol.• All routers in the internetwork that must exchange EI

GRP routing updates must have the same autonomous system number.

1, 配置 EIGRP

network network-number [wildcard-mask]( 反掩码 )network network-number [wildcard-mask]( 反掩码 )

• Identifies attached networks participating in EIGRP.• wildcard-mask: An inverse mask used to determine

how to read the address. The mask has wildcard bits, where 0 is a match and 1 is “don’t care.”

Router(config)#

Router(config-router)#


Configuring EIGRP for IP

• Network 192.168.1.0 is not configured on router A because it is not directly connected to router A.

反掩码为 :

0.255.255.255


r71#sh ip route eigrp 100D 192.168.29.0/24 [90/41024000] via 192.168.28.1, 00:10:32, Serial1.1D 192.168.90.0/24 [90/40640000] via 192.168.28.1, 00:10:28, Serial1.1D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/41024000] via 192.168.28.1, 00:10:34, Serial1.1D 192.168.100.0/24 [90/40640000] via 192.168.28.1, 00:10:25, Serial1.1D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/40640000] via 192.168.28.1, 00:10:34, Serial1.1r71#r71#ping 192.168.90.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.90.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/62/64 msr71#sh ip route eigrp 100D 192.168.0.0/17 [90/40640000] via 192.168.28.1, 00:00:32, Serial1.1r71#


Using the Wildcard Mask in EIGRP

将 172.16.5.0 排除在外 !


2,EIGRP 路由汇总：

Router eigrp 2446

No auto-summary

大多数情况下 , 自动路由归纳是一件好事 , 它可以使路由表尽量保持精简 ; 如有不连续的子网 , 自动路由归纳就必须关闭 .

当然 , 我们还可手工汇总 eigrp 路由 :

Interface s0

Ip summary-address eigrp 2446 2.1.0.0 255.255.0.0


附：路由汇总大全

一， IGRP ：Interface e0

Ip summary-address igrp 15 192.168.16.0 255.255.240.0

二， EIGRP

router eigrp 15

no 　 auto-summary

Int s0

Ip summary-address eigrp 1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0( 更灵活 )

三， OSPF ：Router ospf 64

ABR:Area 1 range 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

ASBR:Summary-address 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0


附：路由汇总大全

四， ISIS

Router isis

Net 03.0000.0c0a.2aa9.00

Summary-address 172.16.16.0 255.255.248.0

五， BGP

Router bgp 254

No auto-summary

Aggregate-address 192.168.24.0 255.255.252.0 summary-only


Routing Protocol Comparison Chart


no auto-summary no auto-summary

(config-router)#

• Turns off auto summarization for the EIGRP process

Configuring Route Summarization

ip summary-address eigrp [as-number] [address] [mask]ip summary-address eigrp [as-number] [address] [mask]

(config-if)#

• Creates a summary address this interface will generate


Summarizing EIGRP Routes


r50(config)#interface serial 0

r50(config-if)#ip summary-address ?

eigrp Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

r50(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp ?

<1-65535> Autonomous system number

r50(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 44 ?

A.B.C.D IP address

r50(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 44 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 ?

<1-255> Administrative distance

<cr>

r50(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 44 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0


3 ， EIGRP Load Balancing( 负载均衡 )

• Routes with a metric equal to the minimum metric are installed in the routing table ( 等开销负载均衡 ).

• There can be up to six entries in the routing table for the same destination:– The number of entries is configurable.

– The default is four. （ maximum-path 1/6 ）– Set the routing table to one entry to disable load balanc

ing.


EIGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

• EIGRP offers unequal-cost load balancing.( 也支持度量值不同的多条路径之间负载均衡 )

• Variance allows the router to include routes with a metric smaller than the multiplier times the minimum metric route to that destination– Multiplier is the number specified by the variance com

mand


Variance Example

• Router E chooses router C to get to network Z because FD = 20.

• With a variance of 2, router E chooses router B to get to network Z (20 + 10 = 30) < [2 x (FD) = 40].

• Router D is not used to get to network Z (45 > 40).


Variance Example

r50(config)#router eigrp 44

r50(config-router)#variance ?

<1-128> Metric variance multiplier

r50(config-router)#variance 4

r50(config-router)#


EIGRP 默认路由

1 ：在路由器上配置默认路由（注意！只能是本机出口），然后使用命令 network 0.0.0.0 公布到 eigrp 里，或者使用重分布将静态公布进来。

2 ：使用命令 r1(config)#ip default-network x.x.x.x 来创建默认（这个网段必须是主类的，公布到出口路由器的 eigrp 里的） , 在网络里扩散。（ rip 的不用公布，这个例外）

3 ：使用 EIGRP 汇总创建默认路由在出口路由器指向内部的接口上做汇总，指向 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 (config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0


EIGRP 被动接口

r1(config-router)#passive-interface x

r1(config-router)#passive-interface defaultr1(config-router)#no passive-interface x

被动接口可以用来防止建立邻居关系，减少数据发送。


4 ， Configuring EIGRP Stub

eigrp stub [receive only|connected|static|summary]eigrp stub [receive only|connected|static|summary]

• 中央－分支网络拓扑常使用末节路由选择；可以极大的提高网络的稳定性；可以进一步简化中央－分支网络的配置和维护工作。

• 只应该在末节路由器上使用 EIGRP 末节路由选择特性，它与核心网络相连，且不会用来中转数据流；末节路由器的 EIGRP 邻居全部是中央路由器。

• EIGRP 末节特性是在 IOS12.0(7) T 中首次引入的。• Receive only: 禁止它向其他路由器发送任何类型的路由 , 只接受路由

。• Connected: 允许它发送直连路由，缺省被启用。• Static: 允许它发送静态路由。• Summary: 允许 EIGRP 末节选择特性发送汇总路由，缺省被启用。

Router(config-router)#


Configuring EIGRP Stub

If stub connected is configured:B will advertise 10.1.2.0/24 to A.B will not advertise 10.1.2.0/23( 汇总路由 ), 10.1.3.0/23( 汇总路由 ), or 10.1.4.0/24( 静态路由 ).

If stub summary is configured:B will advertise 10.1.2.0/23 to A.B will not advertise 10.1.2.0/24, 10.1.3.0/24, or 10.1.4.0/24.



If stub static is configured: B will advertise 10.1.4.0/24 to A.B will not advertise 10.1.2.0/24, 10.1.2.0/23, or 10.1.3.0/24.

If stub receive-only is configured:B will not advertise anything to A, so A needs to have a static route to the networks behind B to reach them.



Rack50_Term_Serv(config)#router eigrp 44

Rack50_Term_Serv(config-rout)#eigrp stub ?

connected Do advertise connected routes

receive-only Set IP-EIGRP as receive only neighbor

static Do advertise static routes

summary Do advertise summary routes

<cr>

Rack50_Term_Serv(config-rout)#eigrp stub

Rack50_Term_Serv(config-rout)#


EIGRP Query Process Stuck in Active

• The router has to get all the replies from the neighbors with an outstanding query before the router calculates the successor information.

• If any neighbor fails to reply to the query within 3 minutes by default, the route is SIA, and the router resets the neighbor relationship with the neighbor that fails to reply.


Active Process Enhancement


5 ，在广域网中实现 EIGRP ：

• EIGRP supports different WAN links:– Point-to-point links– NBMA

• Multipoint links• Point-to-point links

• EIGRP configurations can address bandwidth utilization over an interface – EIGRP uses 50% of bandwidth by default– Interface s0– Bandwidth 20/224/768– Ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 1 200





• Configure lowest CIR VC as point-to-point, specify BW = CIR

• Configure higher CIR VCs as multipoint, combine CIRs


6, 核验 EIGRP 的运行

Show ip eigrp neighbors

Show ip eigrp interfaces

Show ip eigrp topology

show ip eigrp topology all-links

Show ip eigrp traffic

Debug eigrp packets

Debug ip eigrp


Verifying EIGRP: show ip route

RouterA# show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP,

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF,

(text omitted)

* - candidate default,

Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 172.16.1.0 [90/10639872] via 10.1.2.2, 06:04:01, Serial0/0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

D 10.1.3.0 [90/10514432] via 10.1.2.2, 05:54:47, Serial0/0

D 10.3.1.0 [90/10639872] via 10.1.2.2, 06:19:41, Serial0/0

C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0


Verifying EIGRP: show ip protocols

RouterA# show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: eigrp 100 Automatic network summarization is not in effect Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 10.1.0.0/16 10.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.2.2 90 05:50:13 Distance: internal 90 external 170


Verifying EIGRP: show ip eigrp topology

RouterA# show ip eigrp topology

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(10.1.2.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

r - reply Status, s - sia Status

P 10.1.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 10514432

via 10.1.2.2 (10514432/28160), Serial0/0


via 10.1.2.2 (10639872/384000), Serial0/0


via Connected, Serial0/0


via Connected, Ethernet0/0


via 10.1.2.2 (10639872/384000), Serial0/0


小结 :

1, 是一种 CISCO 私有的路由协议 ;

2,EIGRP 与 IGRP 可以无缝集成 ;

3,EIGRP 有三张表 ;

4,EIGRP 有 HELLO包 ,确认包 , 更新包 ,查询包和响应数据包 , 来与邻居交换路由信息 .

5,EIGRP 缺省情况下 , 在有类网络边界自动归纳路由信息 , 也可以手动汇总优化路由。


LAB

1,获取 EIGRP包的建立过程。2, 配置 EIGRP 归纳 ;

3, 在 NBMA 的环境中配置 EIGRP;


Verifying EIGRP Connectivity: Stable Network

RouterA# debug eigrp packets

Normal Hello Processing01:38:29: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial0/001:38:29: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/001:38:31: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial0/0 nbr 10.1.2.201:38:31: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0

Received EIGRP Update01:38:33: EIGRP: Received UPDATE on Serial0/0 nbr 10.1.2.201:38:33: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 23/37 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/001:38:33: EIGRP: Enqueueing ACK on Serial0/0 nbr 10.1.2.201:38:33: Ack seq 23 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 1/001:38:33: EIGRP: Sending ACK on Serial0/0 nbr 10.1.2.201:38:33: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/23 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 1/001:38:33: EIGRP: Enqueueing UPDATE on Serial0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 serno 75-7501:38:33: EIGRP: Sending UPDATE on Serial0/0 nbr 10.1.2.201:38:33: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 38/23 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/1

serno 75-7501:38:33: EIGRP: Received ACK on Serial0/0 nbr 10.1.2.201:38:33: AS 100, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/38 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/1

Documents

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CSPFA 3.1—4-1 EIGRP 配置 EIGRP 是一种高级的距离矢量型路由选择协议, 但它又依 赖于一些常见于链路状态型路由选择协议的特性。

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CSPFA 3.1—4-1 EIGRP 配置 EIGRP 是一种高级的距离矢量型路由选择协议, 但它又依赖于一些常见于链路状态型路由选择协议的特性。