- 04.02 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. . Arrhenius Brnsted-Lowry 1) - 2): 3) . 1) 2) 1.. . [H3O+]=[OH-], . . . HS- + H2OH2S + OH- HS- + H2OS2- + 3O+ . . NH3 NH4+ ,:

. . : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3 K(2) L(8) M(18) N(5). p3 VA 15 . - 04.02 2 . . C2,-10( Cl). C1,-2-3( ). 2. . 2 8 . n=2, l0(ml=0,1s)1(ml=-1,0,+1,3p). , 4 8 . 8 2 : s1, s2, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6 . . Z=27 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2

, Z=27 4 , 9 ( d7) d . 1. . : HCOOH: HCH=O: CH3CH2OH : CH3COOHE: CH3CH=O .i. HCH=O + 2CuSO4 + 5NaOH HCOONa + Cu2O + 2Na2SO4 + 3H2O ii. CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOHCHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O iii. CH3CH=O + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 iv. 3CH3CH2OH + 2K2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4 3CH3COOH + 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 2K2SO4 + 11H2O - 04.02 3 2.X: CH3CHCH2CH3: CH3CHCH2CH3 OHCl : CH3CCH2CH3M: CH3CHCH2CH3 OMgCl OH OMgCl : CH3CCH2CH3: CH3CH2 C CHCH2CH3 CN CH3 CH3 OH : CH3CH2 C CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3 3. xmol(COOK)2ymol CH3COOH. 1 CH3COOH KOH: (mol)CH3COOH + KOH CH3COOK + H2O 1 mol1 mol y/2 mol; = y/2 mol KOH :

:

2 (COOK)2 : - 04.02 4 5(COOK)2 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 10CO2 + 2MnSO4 + 6K2SO4 + 8H2O 5 mol2 mol x/2 mol; = x/5 mol KMnO4 :

:

1. mol:

,V=0,1L, CH3COOH NaOH, : (mol)C3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O 0,010,01 / 0,010,01+0,01 0,01 CH3COONa :

To : CH3COONa CH3COO-+Na+ 0,1 M; = 0,1 M To Na+ . - 04.02 5 To CH3COO- : (M)CH3COO-+H2OCH3COOH+H- 0,1 / x+ x+ x 0,1 xxx

:

, : 0,1 - x ~ 0,1

, pOH=-log[OH-]=5 pH=14-5=9 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. mol :

CH3COOHNaOH, : (mol)C3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O 0,010,02 / 0,010,01+0,01 0,010,01 :

- 04.02 6 , NaOH, : NaOHOH-+Na+ 0,01M; = 0,01M : CH3COONa CH3COO-+Na+ 0,01 M; = 0,01 M To Na+ . To CH3COO- : (M)CH3COO+H2OCH3COOH+H 0,01 0,01 / y + y + y 0,01 y y0,01 + y :

,: 0,01 y ~ 0,010,01 + y ~ 0,01. :

:[OH] = 0,01 + 109 ~ 0,01 M pOH =2&pH=12 , , , pOH ( pH) , OH- :

NaOHOH-+Na+ 0,01M; = 0,01M : [OH] = 0,01 M pOH =2&pH=12 ___________________________________________________________________________ - 04.02 7 3. : 0,5 L + 0,5 L = 1 L. mol :

():,HCl,NaOH, : (mol)HCl+NaOHNaCl+H2O 0,10,15 / 0,10,1+0,1 0,050,1 , : (mol)C3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O 0,10,05 / 0,050,05+0,05 0,050,05 ,:NaCl(pH), CH3COOH CH3COONa. :

To : CH3COONa CH3COO-+Na+ 0,05 M; = 0,05 M To Na+ . To CH3COO : - 04.02 8 (M)CH3COO+H2OCH3COO+H3O+ 0,050,05 / + + 0,05 0,05 + :

,: 0,05 ~ 0,050,05 + ~ 0,05.

, pH 5. (): ,CH3COOH, NaOH, : (mol)C3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O 0,10,15 / 0,10,1+0,1 0,050,1 , : (mol)HCl+NaOHNaCl+H2O 0,10,05 / 0,050,05+0,05 0,050,05 : (mol)C3COONa+HClCH3COOH+NaCl 0,10,050,05 / 0,050,05+0,05+0,05 0,050,050,1 - 04.02 9 ,:NaCl(pH), CH3COOHCH3COONa,, (). , pH 5. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. . 1 , 2 . . molNaOH , CH3COOH: mol CH3COOH : (mol)C3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O x0,004 / 0,0040,004+0,004 /0,004 (mol)+NaOHNa+H2O y0,004 / 0,0040,004+0,004 /0,004 : x = y = 0,004 mol mol NaOH: (mol)+NaOHNa+H2O 0,0040,004 / 0,0020,002+0,002 /0,0020,0020,002 mol . []=[-]. - 04.02 10 : pH = pKa = 4 , Ka , HB= 10-4

. : (mol)+NaOHNa+H2O 0,0040,004 / 0,0040,004+0,004 /0,004 :

, , : V = 20 + 20 = 40 mL = 0,04 L NaB :

To : NaB B-+Na+ 0,1 M; = 0,1 M To B- : (M)B+H2OHB+H 0,1 / z+ z+ z 0,1 zzz Kb:

:

,: 0,1 z ~ 0,1.

, pH = 14-5,5 = 8,5