24 d(56) 24-1 (n-1)d1-9ns1-278824-1 ns(n-1)d 79024-2

() () 24-2 ZrHf() 24-2-1 () 24-2-2 ()

24-2-3 ZrO2HfO2 () (ZrHf) (794) 24-3

24-3-1 () 24-3-2 () 24-3-3 24-4 24-4-1 ()

24-4-2 Mo Mo+2HNO3 MoO3 + 2NO + H2O Mo+4H2SO4() MoO2SO4+3SO2+H2O W 24-4-3

(800) 800 801 24-4-4 () 24-5 24-5-1

(802-803) TcRe 3M+7HNO33HMO4+7NO+2H2O (TcRe) 24-5-2 Tc2O7TcO2Re2O7ReO3ReO2 HTcO4HReO4 24-5-3 Re

a b c [Re2Cl8]2- Re3+5d46s06p0 Re3+Cl-Re3+5dx2-y26s6pdsp288Cl- Re3+Re3+2Re3+4d(dZ2dxydyzdxz)(dZ2)(dyz)(dxz)(dxy)

24-6 24-6-1 80524-3 a b ns(n-1)d c Ru+Rh+Pd+ Os+Ir++Pt++

24-6-2 () a Pd

PtPd3Pt+18HCl+4HNO3 3H2PtCl6+4NO+8H2O OsIrRuRh 2Ru+2KOH+4KNO32K2RuO4+H2O+4NO+K2O b (807-808) 3-2 ()

24-6-4 MF6MF5MF4MX3MX2 24-6-5 811 H2PtCl6M2PtCl6 PtCl4 + 2HCl H2PtCl6 2MCl + H2PtCl6 M2PtCl6 + HCl MK+Na+Rb+Cs+NH4+ M2PtCl6() (812)