-
3
.
.
.
- -
-
GdjVc GddGd Gdd GEYGOi Gd GdQGS Gdf
- -
-
MdG MdG G H
-
G L OGDa Y /PSCGFahQ Uh Y /QcdG dU dG HCG Y /QcdG PSCG
c fj c /PSCG QSG SdG aGS /PSCG
dCJ
-
.
. .
-
:
)1 - 1( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2)1 - 2( .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 9
)1 - 3( )(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 21)1 - 4( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 02
:
)2 - 1( - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12)2 - 2( )( . . .
. . . . . . . . 72)2 - 3( . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
:
)3 - 1( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63)3 - 2( . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 93)3 - 3( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 24)3 - 4( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Gdj
-
:
)4 - 1( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45)4 - 2( . . . . . . . . .
26)4 - 3( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 17)4 - 4( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87)4
- 5( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28)4 - 6( . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 88)4 - 7( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
401
:
)5 - 1( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601)5 - 2( .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 611
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 - 911 .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 021
-
= P // N C C C C n C C I CX )c C( CC C X ) C (G C C
~ ]GC , ] ]GC , ] GCb e GCh JhiH ]GC , ]GM hb G C)C(/
GdS GHS C )C(GfG GdQivaA Gd
= P// N C C C C n C C I
-
.
.
-
:
1 - 1
c GEjO MU Gd GdjQJ
Y Z Nd.
Rhl eJl MUo V OjQJ .
l S . H
Yb .
.
: = - = = =
. ) ( ) (
) ( :
)C ( C . .
C )C ( ) C( )C ( }C {.
)C ( = ) ( C = =
e 1
: ) - ( = ) + (Gd
- = ` = = + ` =
JQ C :
GC )C ( = )- ( )C - + ( = ) -(
L` ) - ( = ) - C - ( O )C - ( = )- - (
- 2
-
1 - 1
3 :
e 2
M = }C { N = } - { :M * N N * M
Gd
M N M * N M N :
M * N = }C { * } - { = }) C -( )C ( )C ( ) -( ) ( ) ({ : N * M =
}- { * }C { = } )- C( )- ( ) C( ) ( ) C( ) ( {
: M * N N * M M * N N * M :
*
C
)- ()- C(-) () C()() C(
*-
)C ()C ()C -(C) () () -(
:
M * N = N * M M * N = N * M
:: M N
: M * N = })C ( : C k M k N{ M * N N * M :M N
K )M * N( = K )N * M( = K )M( * K )N( K .
) ( k M * N k M k N M
: M * M = } )C ( : C k M{ M )M (.
-
:
e 3
M = }{ N = } { O = } { M N O : : M * N N * O M * O N
: )M * N ( , )N * O( : M * )N + O( : )M * N( + )M * O( : )O - N(
* )M , N(
Gd
: M * N = }{ * } { = }) ( ) ({
N * O = } { * } { = }) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({
M * O = }{ * } { = }) ( ) ( ) ({ N = N * N = }) ({ * }) ({
= }) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({
: )M * N( , )N * O( = }) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({ M * )N +
O(= }{ * }{ = }) ({
: )M * N( + )M * O( = }) ( ) ({ + }) () () ({ = }) ({ O - N = }
{ ` )O - N( * )M , N( =
JQ M = } -{ N = } { O = } - {
M * N N * O M K )M * O( K )N( K )O(
Jo GdUp GdjQJ:
e 4
M = } { N } { : M * N : : . :
M
N
O
- 4
-
1 - 1
: 5
Gd
M * N = } { * } { = } ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({ M * N :
: ) M(
) N( :
.
: ) ( M N
M * N
e 5
M = } { M * M .Gd
M * M = } { * } {=} ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({
:
) ( ) ( ) (
.
: K )M( = : K )M * M( = * = M * M .
M ) ( : M * M .
: :
* N * N K * K *
M
N
) (
) (
) ( ) (
) (
) (
M * N
(
NM
M * N
-
:
MUo Gd GdjQJ dYp Z Gd hGds Gdf d.: * = }) ( : k k {
.
)( .
* . : * .
: C ) ( ) (
) ( ) (: N * N = }) (: k N k N{
)(
) (
N * N N * N
JQ
C .
: K * K = }) ( : k K k K{ K
(
-
( )
( )- -
( )-
: C )
-
C
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
C
- 6
-
1 - 1
: 7
: I * I = } ) ( : k I k I{
)( ) (
)( :
e 6
I * I :
C ) ( ) -( )- -( E )- ( ) - ( ) (Gd
C ) ( ) - (
)- - (
)- (
) - (
) ( .
JQ M = ] - [ M * M
M * MC ) ( ) - ( ) - ( )- (
JQj )1-1( :
)C + ( = ) - ( C = = ( = =
) +( = )
I I
< <
< >
> >
> <
---
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
E
C
-
8 :
) - ( = ) + ( + = K )M( = K )M( =
M * N = } ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({ M = N =
: : K )M( = K )M * N( = K )N(
) ( k } { * } { = GC
) - ( =
)- - ( k N :
: M = } { N } { :
M * N . K )M * N( K )N( )M * N( + N
M * N = } ) ( ) ( ) ({ : M N N * M N
: M = } { N = } { O = } { : M * )N + O( )M - N( * O )M - N( * )N
- O(
I * I : C ) ( ) -( )- ( )- ( )- -( ) ( ) (
.
-
-
:
1 - 2
e Gdbo e Y M GE Y N.
e Gdbo e Y GE f.
Yb.H Gdb.
M= }C {
N = } {. )C(
)( )(
)( )(
.
M N .
: M N M
N O
.
M N :
})C ( )C ( ) ( ) ( ) ({. O
O M * N
e 1
M = }- { N = } { O M N C O : = C + C k M k N
O .
{.
C
NM
9
-
:
Gd
C = - ` = * )-( + = C = ` = * + = C = ` = * + =
` O = })- ( ) ( ) ({
M N M N M N
M N M N
O M N O g M * NGdn bo e eY GEd f
M M O
O
M O g M * M
e 2
M = }- - { O M C O : C . C k M O .
Gd
O = } )- ( )- ( ) ( ) -( ) -({
-
NM
-
-
M
- -M
-
M
N
-
--
-
M
M
- 01
-
: 11
1 - 2
JQ M = } { N = } { O M N C O :
)C ( C k M k N
: O . : :
O O O
JQj )1-2( M = } { O M C O )C (
C k M O .
M = } { N = } { O M N C O )C ( C k M k N O .
{ O M N C O :
M = } { N = } C C k M k N O
.
M = } { N = } { O M N C O C + = C k M k N O .
M = }- { N = } { O M N C O C = C k M k N O . { M N
M = }- - { N = } C O C = C k M k N O .
M = } { N = } { O M N C O C C k M k N O
: O M = } {
O .
M
-
:
1 - 3
e GdGd c Gds Qej Y
GdGd.
)(
M N
. : M
N
Jj M N :
M .
Gdo Gdet dGd: : X S ...
M N : : M ! N : M N
: M M
) (
. .
: :
C )( = : )( =
OGd
GH ei
NM
)(
NM
)(
NM
)(
- 21
-
31 :
1 - 3
e 1
M : M = } { )( = )( = )( = )( = .
Gd
= } ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({
JQ
M = } {
M M M
: .Gd hGd GdH hGdi
M N : : M ! N : M .
N . M .
: : M ! N M = } - { N = } { = } )- ( ) ( ) ({ :
M = } - { N = } {
M = } { : .
.
M
)()()(
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
)(
M
)(
M
)(
M
{
-
NM
-
41 :
e 2
M = } { N = } : k > { C k M k N
O M N C O : C =
O . O M N . Gd
N = } { O = }) ( ) ( ) ({O M N
= } {
JQj )1-3( M N .
M = } { N = } { O M N C O C C k M k N O
. O M = } {N = } { O M N C O : C + >
C k M k N . O M = } { O M C O : C
C k M . O M = } { O M C O : C + =
C k M O . O
N
NM
M
N
M
O
N
M
O
N
M
O
N
M
O
-
-
:
1 - 4
e GdGd G h Gd.
: I !I )( = : I!I )( = -
X I!I X )( = - + :
I ) ( .
Jj : I ! I :
)( = C + C + C + + CK K C C C ... CK k I
K.K k CK
: .
JQ
: +
)( = +
)( = + +
- (
)( = ) + )( = + +
: I ! I : )( = - )( = - ) - (
)( = ) - ( )( = ) - (
OGdl cIl GhO. OGdl Nl .
OGd JH. s H dGd.
51
-
:
e 1
)( = - + : )-( )( ) (
Gd
a )( = - + ` )-( = )-( - )-( + = + + = )( = ) ( = ) ( - + =
-
JQ
: )( = - )( = -
GC : ) ( + ) ( )( = )( =
GdGd GdJj
: I ! I )( = C + C k I C .
Gdo Gdf dGd Gds :
e 2
: I ! I )( = - Gd
a )( = - ` )( = - = - )( = - = - )( = - =
:
-- = )(
I * I
- ----
--
-
--
- 61
-
: 71
1 - 4:
.
: I ! I )( = C C ) (
JQ :
: )( = + : )( = : )( = - : : I ! I )( = k I
.
-
= )(
: )( = =
.
JQ
)( = )( = - )( = )( = GdGdo Gds Ho
: I ! I )( = C + + C C . .
Gd Gdf dGd GdH.
e 3
)( = k I k ]- [Gd
) )(( k I ]- [ .
)- ( = )- ( = )- ( = )( = )( = )( = )( =
N
-- M
-
:
:
---
= )(
.
.
: =
) ( =
e 4
: )( = - k k ]- [
Gd
:
: =
) ( = JQj )1 - 4(
: : = - = +
)C ( : I ! I )( = - C
( :
: I ! I )-( )( ) )( = )( = - )( = -
: )( = +
)( = )( = -
)( = - )( = - )( = - +
---
------ = )(
----
MM
N
N
--
--
-
------
-- N MM
N
- 81
-
: 91
e GfR
.
)( = - k ]- [ ) ( = ) - ( k] - [
)( = + + k ] - [ ) ( = - k ] - [
:
: )arbeGoeG( :
groarbegoegwww//ptth .
:
)( = + )( = - ) ( = - + ) ( = - -
HddLGdH
) ( ) ( ) (.
: .........
: :
= = + = + =
:
.
e GEfR
)(M
N
)(M
N
)(M
N
)(M
N
)(M
N
-
02 :
GNQ GdMI
M = } { N = } { O M N C O : C + > C k M k N O . O
.
: )( = - )( = -
)( = - k ] - [ )( = - + k ]- [
. )( )( :
.
: : )( = - C =
: .
C .
C
MM
N
N
-
-
:
2 - 1
= =
: + = ` + =
.
.
)- ( . :
.
= - = -
.
k *
) ( .
= ` = - = ` ) (
= ` = - = ` ) (
= ` = - ` ) - (
GCh : M eO e GdQL GChd a ej Hfv :
GCe
- =
c M eOd e GdQL GCh a
ej.
eOd e GdQL GCh . M Hf.
M Li. Y Gdj.
Y G.
12
-
:
Gd
= -
= ` = - ` ) -(
= ` = ` ) ( ) -( ) (
k - = .
.
: + =
= -
Gd
= -
= ` = - ` ) -(
= ` = ` ) ( )(
+ = = -
= ` = ` ) (
= ` = ` ) ( )(
C ) ( +
` }) ({
JQ :
+ = + = = - - + =
---
-
-
-
-
-
M
N
N
M
---
M
N
N
M
C
- 22
-
: 32
2 - 1
e 3
:
: + = )( + = )(: + = )( = - )(
Gd
: )( = - = ` = ) (
= ` = - ) -( )(
-
)( = = ` = ) (
= ` = - ) - ( )(
= z ` . +
a
//
)( )(
//
: = - = - = - = - `
: )( = - + = )(
)( )( }) ( : = - {.
JQ :
+ = + = + = - =
---
-
-
-
---
-
M
N
M
N
-
:
Kf : M eO GdQL GChd a ej Ljk :
.
e 4
:
- = )( + = )(Gd ) ( )( = -
)( ` + ) - ( = : + - = ` = ` = )( ` = * - ` =
` = }) ({
M GN ) ( ) (
.
- = )( + = )( ) ( * ` - = )( )( )( ` = ` =
)( ` * - = ` = ` = }) ({
JQ :
+ = + =
- + = - =
: + = + = - + =
- = - = + =
- 42
-
: 52
2 - 1
e 5
C ) -( . + - = C + =
Gd
a ) -( ` ) -( C + - =
` C - - = : C - = )( ) -( C + =
` C - = )( )( )( :
C = ` C = )(
* - = ` =
e 6
) (
Gd
= =
` + = )( +
+
- =
` ) + ( - ) + ( = ` + - - = ` - = ` - = )(
)( )(
` = ` = ....)(` + = ` = `
-
62 :
JQj )2 -1(
: : + = - =
+ = + =
+ = + =
+ = + C = C = + = + =
: : : + = - = :
: - = + = :
} ) ({ }) ({ }) ({ }) ({
+ = + = =
: :
= + + = - = + =
+ = + - = - + = = +
+ = + = + = + =
.
. . .
. .
. .
-
-
:
2 - 2
c M eOd e GdQL Gdf a
hGM Hf hLj.
M Hf. M Li.
Y G.
:)( = C + + C k C
)( = C + + = .
: - + =
:
) - ( ) ( =
` - = =
` = =
` } {
GChk: Gd Gdf + + = :
C
)( = C + + C
.
e 1
)( = - + ]- [
- + =
)(
72
-
:
Gd ) (
k ]- [ )-( = )( = )( =
)( = - )( = )( = )( =
:-
- = )(
.
) ( ) (
- + =
} {
JQ )( = + + ]- [
: + + =
)( = - + - ] [ : - + =
Kfk: Gd Gd HSG Gdf Gd:
: - + = .
: a - + + - = ` ) - ( - = ) - ( =
- = = -
= + = -
` = !
---
MM
N
N
---
- 82
-
: 92
2 - 2 : C + + = C k C
.
- ! - C C C k C
=
GCe
= - .Gd
a = - ` - + = ` C = = - =
!
= !
=
! - * * = *
- ! - C ` = C
- =
+ = =
=
` : } {
: = - + +
.
.
Gd
a C = - = =
- )( ! )( - * )- ( *
= * )- (- ! - C
C ` =
- ! -
)- ( ! = -
=
- + = - )( -
=
= - -
- C =
` .
-
03 :
JQj )2 -2( :
- - = + - = - + =
- + = ) - ( = ) - ( - =
- =
=
+
=
+
)( = :
)( = - - ]- [
)( = + ]- [
)( = - + ] - [
)( = ) - ( + ] [
)( = - ) - ( ]- [
)( = ) - ( - ) +( + ]- [
)( = ) - ( - ) - ( - ] [
)( = - - ] [ :
- - =
: =- + +
.
/ +
= O
/ . O
.
-
-
:
2 - 3
c M eOd ej GEMGg e
GdQL GCh hGCNi e GdQL Gdf.
: - = :
+ = =
.
: : + = - = - .
GCe
: + + = + - =
Gd : = - ) + ( .
` + ]- ) + ([ - ]- ) + ([ = ` + + + + + - =
` + = ` ) + ( =
-
` = + = =
: = ` = - ) + ( = -
+( = -
- ` = - ) *
=
({-
` : }) -( )
.Gd
eOd e GdQL GCh. eOd e GdQL Gdf.
Y G.
13
-
:
a = ) + ( ` = ) + ( ..... ` + = = = - ............. )( a = * ` =
)(
)( )(: ` ) - ( = - =
` - + = ) - ( ) - ( = ` = = )(
: = ` = - = : = ` = - = : .
JQj )2-3( : - = = :
GC }) ({ })- -({ L` }) ({ O })- -( ) ({ : - = + = :
GC )- ( ) -( L` ) ( O ) ( :
GC L` O : :
- = + - = + = + + =
- - = - = + = + + =
= ) (
+
- = - + = + =
. . .
. . - =
. .
- 23
-
: 33
e GfR
: : + = + =
) ( :
NQE
EXE :
nc = Y nb + X na )X()Y(
)nc(
)=( )X()Y(
.
: 0 = c + x b + 2xa
)a( )b( )c( )=( EXE
)X(
HddLGdH
-
:
:
: - )(. .
e GEfR
)(
)( )(
- 43
-
53 :
GNQ GdMI
GNQ GdMI :
) - ( = ) + - ( + = ..............
)( = + - ..............
)( = - C ) ( C = ..............
:
GC
L`
: GC + = - =
- + =
L` - = + - =
)( = - - ]- [ :
- - =
C
C
: = - +
-
-
:
3 - 1
: )( = - + : )( )( )(
: )( = )( = )( =
: .
:
)( =
)(
: )( )( = )( =
GCe
)( :
)( = - )( = -
)( = )( =
)( = - )( = +
)( = + +
Gd
)( = ` - = )( = -
( = }{. = ` = ` )
c GEjOo Y GCUQ GdGd cI
GhO.
OGdl cI GhO. Yo GCUQp GdGd.
- 63
-
: 73
3 - 1)( = -
)( = ` - =
( = }- {. = ` = ! ` )
)( = a
( z)( = ` )
`
)( = a
( = ` ` )
+ =
( z ` = - ` = ! - ` )
- = ` ) - ( = ` = =
( = } { = ` = ` )
+ + = + +
- C C= = = - ! = C - ! -
` =
( = z ` )
JQ :
GC )( = - )( = - + L` )( = - - O )( = - g` )( = - + h )( = -
-
: 83
JQj)3 -1( : :
: )( = - : GC }{ }-{ L` }- { O
: )( = ) - + ( : GC } { } -{ L` }- { O }{
)( = }{ )( = - : GC L` O
)( = }{ )( = - + C C : GC - - L` O
)( = } -{ )( = + + C C : GC L` - O -
: . GC )( = ) - ( ) - ( )( = - L` )( = - O )( = -
g` )( = - h )( = -
R )( = - )( = +
)( = + i )( = + - + - )( = + -
)( = ) - ( - )( = ) - ( ) + ( +
S )( = + - - )( = - - +
)( = - - }- { : )( = + C C .
)( = C + + } {. C .
-
-
:
3 - 2
C C k N : )( = + : )( = - .
)(
)( )( =
e S f GBJ: + )( = -
) (. : - }- {
)( :
)( : - )( )( = )(
.
: = - .
e GdGdo Gdjo Gj.
OGd cI GhO. Gd Gi.
e dj Lj.
93
-
:
JQ )( )( )-(:
+ - L` )( =
+ )( =
GC )( =
-
+ + h )( =
- + g` )( =
- O )( =
- - }{ C . - C +
: )( = Gdo Gdo djp Lj GCh GCc :
) ( .
e :
- )( =
- )( =
Gd
. +
=
= - }- {
= - }{
`
= ) - }{( + ) - }- {( = - }- { +
:
)( ) ()(
hYek
:
(
) M
= - M
(
) M
= - M
( , M
= - )M
:
= - .
= - .
- 04
-
14 :
3 - 2
JQ :
)( = +
)( =
-
- )( =
- )( =
- )( =
)( +
)( = -
- -
+ - )( =
- )( =
-
- + )( =
JQj)3 -2( :
-
-
-
- - +
+
+
- - -
-
+ + +
-
-
-
-
- +
+ -
- +
- - -
+ -
- -
+
+
-
- -
+ -
- -
- +
-
:
3 - 3
GNG Gd Gdi
+ -
: )( = :
= ..........
.......... ............
= ..........
e S f GC:
.
:
.
.
.
: :
e Jhi cj Lj.
c j e jhi cj Lj.
GNG Gd Gi.
Jhi cj Lj.
- 24
-
: 34
3 - 3
e 1
)( + -
- + )( =
Gd
) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) - ( ) + ( ) - ( =
) + - (
) - ( ) - ( =
+ -
- + a )( =
` )( = - }- - {.
) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) - (` )( =
Jhi cj Lj
)( )( :
- )( =
+
- )( =
+
+ + )( =
+ )( =
= . :
= - }- {
- =
+
) + ( ) - ()( =
= - }-{
- =
) - ()( =
:
= - }-{
+ =
) + ()( =
= - }-{
+ ) + ( =
) + ( )( =
=
:
-
:
e S fo GC:
( =
) :
)( k .)( =
=
GCe
=
+ + :
- )( =
-
)( =
Gd
-
)( = `
) - ( =
-
)( = a
= - } { + + (
)
)-( ) + + ( + + ( =
)
) - ( + =
+
- )( =
a
-
)( = `
= - } {
=
)( k - } { `
)( =
=
a
- -
- )( =
-
+ - )( =
)( )( =
Gd
+
+ ) + ( ) - ( =
) + ( ) - ( - =
+ - )( =
a
= - }- { +
+ ) - ( ) + ( =
) + ( ) - ( - =
-
- )( =
a
- 44
-
54 :
3 - 3 = - }- {
+
+ )(
)(
:
.
)( )( =
:
- }- { .
JQ
: - ............
)( =
)( = + ............ - -
)( =
)( C = ............)( =
- )( =
+ C
- )( =
- C = ............ +
)( = - +
- C )( =
- )( =
-
+ )( =
- }- { = ............
JQj)3 -3( :
-
- + L`
+
+ + -
- GC
+
- + h
- +
- - g`
) - ( ) + ( O
+ -
-
) - ( -
) - ( + +
+ - R
-
: 64
: =
) - ( ) + (
) + ()( =
-
)( =
GC
- -
- )( =
-
+ - )( =
- )( =
+
) - ( ) + ()( =
L`
+ + +
+ )( =
+
- + )( =
O
: = +
+ )( =
)( =
GC
+
+ + )( =
+ )( =
) - ( ) + (
+ )( =
-
+ + )( =
L`
+ )( =
+
+ + + )( =
O
:
-
)( =
+
)( =
GC
)( =
-
- )( =
+ )( =
-
- )( =
L`
- )( =
- )( =
O
+
- )( =
+
)( =
g`
+
- )( =
+ +
- )( =
h
-
-
:
GChk : L h W GdQ Gdj:
C : -
C
+
C
C : -
C
+
C
e S j GELGAo Y L GCh W cj Lj ei GCh e Gd cBJ :
:
k
)(
)(
)( = )(
)(
)( =
) (
)( + )( )(
)( = )(
)( + )(
)( = )( +
:
)(-
)(
)( + )(
)( = )(
- )(
)(
)( = )( -
)( )(
)( = )(
)(
)( =
) (
)(
)(
)( + )(
)( = )( +
:
)( * )( + )( * )( )(
)( *
=
)(
)(
)( - )(
)( = )( -
)( * )( - )( * )( )(
)( *
=
c GELGA Gd ) + , - , * , _ (
Y GdQ Gj
3 - 4
eS L d G.
eS VH d G.
74
-
:
GCe
+ -
)( =
+ )( =
)( = )( + )( .Gd
)( )( +
a )( =
+
) - ( ) + ( +
) + ( =
+
- +
+ ` )( =
= - }- {
) + ( ) - ( =
- + +
) + ( ) - ( =
- +
+ ` )( =
: )( :
+
+ - +
-
- + )( =
Gd
) + (
) - ( ) + ( +
-
) - ( ) - (a )( =
= - }- {
- +
-
) - ( ) - (` )( =
a = ) - () - ( ) - ( - + -
) - ( ) - ( =
) - (
) - ( ) - ( +
-
) - ( ) - (` )( =
- =
) - (
) - ( ) - ( =
-
) - ( ) - ( =
- 84
-
94 :
3 - 4 )( :
)( )-(
- +
- )( =
Gd
) (
- + +
- a )(=
- ) - ( +
- =
) - (
-
) - ( =
)( ) - (
-
) + ( ) - ( =
{ = ) + ( ) - (
-
= - }
+
) + ( ) - ( -
) + ( ) - (` )( =
- -
) + ( ) - ( =
- ) + (
) + ( ) - (` )( =
) + ( =
-
) + ( ) - ( =
=
- * - =
- * )- + ( )( e )-( =
JQ
)( :
+ +
+ + )( =
+ -
)( =
+
- -
- + )( =
+ +
+ )( =
- +
- )( =
- -
- )( =
+ -
- )( =
- +
- )( =
+ -
+
+ )( =
- -
+
)( =
-
:
Kfk : V hb GdQ Gdj
)( -)( +
+ + -)( =
+ )( =
= - }- { - = - }- - { )( * -)( =
e S j GELGAo Ys V GCh b cj Lj Y Gds GBJ:
:
)( : )(
)( = )(
)(
)( =
)( * )( )(
)( *
)( = )(
)( * )(
)( = )( *
((( , )
- ) )
k
)(
)(
)( * )(
)( = )(
)( )(
)( = )(
-
- i)( , )( , )(_
GCe + -
+ + + *
- - )( =
)( )( )-( .Gd
) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) + ( + *
) - ( ) + ()( =
) ( +
= ) + ( ) + ( ) - (
) - ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( =
{ )( =
= - }- - -
)-( - e
- 05
-
15 :
3 - 4 + -
- -
+ )( =
)( .Gd
) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) - (
) + ( + - ( ` )( =
)
-
-
+ a )( =
- {
= - } -
) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) - () + ( ) - ( *
) + (` )( =
) + ( ) - (
) + ( =
) + ( ) - ( ) + ( ) - (
) + ( ) + ( ) - ( =
JQKd : GChL )S( a GCHp UQIm eOk G e a c e jCJ :
+
+ + - *
- - )( =
- + + *
)( =
-
+ + -
+ - )( =
+
-
+ )( =
JQj)3 -4( )( :
- -
- + +
- +
- + - )( =
- + +
-
- + )( =
-
- -
-
- + - )( =
+ - - + +
- )( =
-
-
-
- - + )( =
- - +
-
- + )( =
-
+ + - +
- + )( =
- - + *
- )( =
-
- +
- + -
- )( = - +
- -
- )( =
-
:
GNQ GdMI: :
......... ................
+
+ )( =
- C = ........... +
- C -
........
+
- )( =
+
- )( =
:)( :
)(
- -
+ + )( =
+ -
+ + )( =
)( )(. +
-
-
- : )( =
=
+ +
- )( =
-
)( =
- } { )( = C + C
)( = + :
-
+ + - *
- + - : )( =
- + +
-
- : )( =
-
) - ( ) + ( )( =
: - )( : - )( =
e GEfR
- )( = +
- )( = +
)( : )(
)( =
)( )( )( )(
- 25
-
:
-
4 - 1
e W GdSe
RGhj ecj. RGhj .
bS. bS ehQG.
bS bS. hJ.
S.
: c C :
C C . C
C C c C
C c C c C
:
GdGhjGdcj
.
c C C C c C .
c C ) C ( C
C " "
.bSo GdS
C
C
45 - :
-
C = C X )cC E( = c
:
X ) C E ( = X )c C E( = c X ) ( = X )c ( = c
X ) E ( = X )c E ( = c )( X )C ( = X )c C ( = c
= c = c
C : .GdS GdhQG
: X )C ( + X ) ( = X )C (
X )C ( = X )C ( - X ) (
JQ :
C X )cC ( = c X )cC E( = c
:
X ) C E ( = c X )C ( = c X ) C E ( = X ) C( +
= + = c
X ) ( = X )C ( - X ) ( = c - = c )( X )E ( = - X ) ( = - = c
C c
E
C
cC c
E
XX )) (( == XX ))CC (( - XX)) (( == c - == c ))(( X )E ( = - X )
( = - = c
C
E
4 - 1
55 :
-
:
e )1(
C X )c E( = c X )C ( X ) E ( = X ) C E (
Gd
X )C ( = ` X ) E ( = a X ) C E ( = X )C ( + X ) E ( + X ) E ( =
c
` + + = = ` = c X )C ( = c
` X ) C E ( = X )C ( + X ) E ( = c + c = c
JQ : C :
= X )C ( = c X ) C E ( = X ) ( = c X ) C E ( = X ) E( = X ) C E
( = X ) C E ( =
Wo GdSp :
= *
e )2(
X )C ( = c
C )r = (
Gd
* * * = .
* . =
=
cC
E
C
cc
) + (c
E
c
C
- 65
-
:
JQ
(
)r =
: : X )C ( = X ) ( = c
* =
* *
C =
E = * = ` C ) / ( E :
X ) ( = X ) ( = c = * = = * = ` ) / (
- C fF ge:
) ( f )1( .
C
E
: X )C ( = X ) E ( : C = E
C
E
: C = E : X )C ( = X ) E (
c
c
C
E
::::
:: XX ))CC (( = XX)) EE ((: C = E
:: CC == EE: X)C ( = X) E (
4 - 1
75
-
:
) ( f )2(
C
E
: X )C ( = X ) E (
: C = E
C
E
: C = E
: X )C ( = X ) E (
JQ
X )C ( = c X ) ( = c
X )C E ( X ) E ( = .
. .
f )3( .
C E C // E X )C ( = X ) E (
f )4( .
C E C // E X )C ( = X ) E (
C
E
cc
C
E
C
E
85
-
:
JQ :
E C :
C // // E
= Gd
a C // ` X ) ( = X ) ( )(a E // C ` X ) ( = X ) ( )(
)( )( ` X ) ( = X ) ( ` =
e )3(
: C E C = E
C = ) - ( E = ) + (. C .
Gd
: C E C = E C = ) - ( E = ) + (
: C . : a C = E ` X )C ( = X ) E(
` X )C ( - X ) ( = X ) E( - X ) (
` X )C ( = X ) E ( ` C = E a C = E ` - = +
= ` =
a C = - ` C = * - =
C
E
C
E
::::
X )C ( X ) E ( C EaCC = E `` - = +
= ` =
aC = - `` C = * - =
JQ
4 - 1
95
-
:
e )4(
: C E C
= E : X )C ( = X ) C E (
Gd
: C = E
: X )C ( = X ) C E (
: a = E ` X ) ( = X ) E (
a C
` X )C ( = - X ) ( X ) C E ( = - X ) E (
: X )C ( = X ) C E (
JQj)4 -1( :
C E : GC X )C ( = X )C ( =
L` X ) C E ( = O X ) C ( =
: E E :
GC
Cc
E
X ) E ( = X ) C E ( =
C
cE
X ) C E ( =
E
C
C
c c
E
- 06
-
:
: C C + E = }{ .
X )c C ( = c X )C ( = c
X ) E (
: C E
C C
C + = }{ . : GC X )C (
X )c C (.
: C E
= E : C = .
: C E
X )C ( = c C = C .
:
GC X )c C ( X ) E ( L` E
: C
.
GC : C = = C . C .
C
E
o
C
E
C
E
C
E
c
C
::::
C
.
GGCC : CC = = CC . CC ..
CCCCCC
:
4 - 1
16
-
4 - 2
c GS Gdb H bS GdGhj G
hGcj Gc GdS.
: C
c
c C
c C c . c C
X )c C ( X )c ( .
: :
GdGhj Gd
.
cC C .
.
c C C ) (
C
C
C
RGhj ecj. RGhj
26 - :
-
f a Gdp GdHp :C E . :
. X )c C E( = c X )c E( X )c C E( = c X )c E(
X )c C ( X )c ( .
.
: cC cC .
X )cC ( .
: X )cC ( =
: .
.
C
.
C
.
C
Gdd GChd: GEPG cf J GEd GCM V GdGhj Gd . a cC C
` X )cC ( = X )cC( + X )c( a C = ) ( ` X )cC( = X )c(
: X )cC ( = X )c( X )cC ( ) (
` X )cC ( =
C
E
cc
X ccCC (( ))) (((
`X )ccCC ( =
c `` X ))ccCC (( = X ))ccCC(( + X))cc(( aC = ) ( `X )cC( = X
)c(
: XX ))ccCC (( = XX ))cc((
C fffffff a Gd GdH:
36 :
4 - 2
-
:
f .
JQ :
C
c
c
=
C
) + (c
c
=
) + (c
c
C
=
C
) + (c
c
=
C
c
c
=
C
c cc
=
C
E
) - (c
c
=
C
cc
=
C
) + (c
c
=
C
c
cc
=
=
C
E
c
c c
=
=
C
cc
c
=
=
- 46
-
:
e )1(C C C E
X)cC( = c X )c E ( Gd
: C X )cC( = c C E
: X )c E (
:
: a C .
` X )cC ( = c C :
a X )cC( = c X )cC ( = c
` X )c ( = c - )c + c( = c a c E c .
X )c (
` X )c E ( =
* = c ) (
` X )c E ( =
JQ : C = C
: X )cC ( = X )cC E (Gd
: C : a C = = C
X )c (
` X )cC ( = X )c ( = a cC E c
` X )c ( = X )c ( )( )( : X )cC ( = X )c (
EC
c
C
E
::::
X )c (
X )cC ( X )c (
acC E c
XX))cc ((
`XX ))cc (( =
)( )( : XX ))ccCC ((( === XXXX ))))cccc ((((
e )e ) 11((((
56
4 - 2
-
:
f )1(
: X )c( = X )cC ( X )cC ( = C
` X )c( = X )C (
` X )c( = X )C ( f )2(
:
X )C (
: X )c( =
a X )C ( = c ` X )c( = c
.e )2(
: C X )C ( X ) ( X )C ( = X )cC ( :
Gd
:
X )C ( = c X ) ( = c X )C ( = c ` + + =
= ` =
` X )C ( = * = c c C . * c = c
a X )cC ( = X )C ( ` X )cC ( =
C
C
C
c
c
c
- 66
-
:
JQ :
=
C
) + (c
c
c
X )C ( =
C
c
c
X )cC( = X )C ( =
C
c
X )c( = X )c( =
C
X )c( =
E
c
C
X )c C ( =
E c
c
C
X )cE ( =
e )3(
)(
.
Gd
: C + E = }{
]X )C ( + X ) E ([
: X )cC ( =
: C E
: a cC C E X ) E (
a X )cC ( = X )cE( + X )cC( = X )C ( +
= ]X )C ( + X ) E ([
C
E
aaXX))ccCC
]]]XX)))CCC (((( ++ XX)))) EE ((([[[
::::
: C E
: acC C E XX )) EE ((
(( = XX ))ccEE(( ++ XX ))ccCC(( = XX ))CC (( ++
=
JQ
76
4 - 2
-
:
e )4(
)(
.
Gd
: C + E = }{
: X )c( = ]X)C ( - X ) E ([
: .
: a cC . ` X )cC ( = X )c( + X )c E(
` X )c( = X )cC ( - X )c E(
X ) E (
X)C ( -
=
]X)C ( - X ) E ([
=
JQ . :
C
E
cc
c
=
C
E
c
cc
=
C
E
c
cc
=
C
Ec
c
c
=
oC
Ec
c
c
=
C
E
c
c
c
=
C
E
- 86
-
:
e )5( : + E = }C{ X )cC( = c E + = }{ X )c E( = c
: GC X ) ( X )c ( .Gd
: + E = }C{ X )cC( = c E + = }{ X )c E( = c : GC X ) ( X )c (
.
: a X )c E( = c ` X ) E ( = X )c E( = c
a + E = }C{
]X) ( - X ) E ([
` X )cC( =
]X) ( - [
` =
X) ( = + = c ) ( ]X) ( + X ) E ([
a E + = }{ ` X )c ( =
* = c ) (
] + [ =
X )c ( =
JQ :
X )cC( = c X ) ( = c X ) ( = X ) E (
: GC X ) E ( X ) E (
Gd
: a + E = }C{
][
` X )cC( =
][ ` X ) E ( = ) (
` =
a X ) E ( + X ) ( = c - ) + ( =
a X ) E ( = X ) (
` X ) E ( = ` X ) E ( = ) (
C
E
c c
C
cc E
::::
]][[ `XX )) EE (( = )) ((
` =
aX ) E ( + X) ( = c - ) + ( =
aaX )) E (( = X)) ((
` XX )) EE ( = `` XX )) EE (( == ))) ((
e )e ) 55(((( :
96
4 - 2
-
JQj)4 -2( :
GC
C
c
E
X )cC E( = c
c
E
C
X )c E ( = c
L`
Cc
X )c C ( =cO
C
E
c
X )c C E( =c
g`
C
E
c
X )c C ( = c
h
C
E
c c
X )c C ( = c
: C // C + C = }{
: < C . :
C E C + E = }{
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c c
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.
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17 :
-
:
JQ :
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JQ :
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- 27
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:
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- 47
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57
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- 67
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E
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77
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97 :
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-
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18
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.
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38 :
4 - 5
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- 48
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4 - 5
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- 68
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c
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78
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.
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.
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S ec.
88 - :
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E
C
E
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CC
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98 :
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-
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- 09
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E
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::::
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JQ
19
4 - 6
-
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- 29
-
:
= ` E = E : )C + ( + ) + E ( = C + + + E
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E
C
::::
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39
4 - 6
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c
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C
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J
49 - :
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: cC C C E .
C
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59 :
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f .
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- 69
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JQ
79
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- 89
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:
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JQ :
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99
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::::
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101
4 - 7
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- 201
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- 401
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- 601
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701 :
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:
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- 801
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901 :
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e .
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C
- 011
-
111 :
5 - 1
: C )C + (
GC z L` O
C g )C , ( : GC )C( L` )( O )C + (
: GC L` O
: O
L`
GC
. . :
GC L`
. :
GC
C )( = )C , ( = )C( :
GC C . g C
:
GC
L` O
-
:
e G G e Gd H MK
M e a H MK
5 - 2
: C g
C = C :
C , C = C + C = = } { C = } { : C = }{
: : .
C : C = } {C : C = } { C
: C C C
: Cg C C C,C = C + C = z
.
JQ C g C
C = } { .
)C( + )C ( )C ( )C( C C} {
} {
}{
} {
C
C
- 211
-
311 :
5 - 2 : )C( + )C ( = : )C ( = - )C( )C( = - )C (
: )C( + )C ( = )( =
e
. :
GC . . L` . O .
Gd
C C + .
)( = )C( = )( = )C + ( =
=
= )C(
)( GC C )C( =
C C
=
= +
= C
)( ` )C ( =
=
: )C ( = - )C( = -
=
= )(
)( L` : : )( =
O C +
=
= )C + (
)( ` )C + ( =
a .
: C
C - C
C
CC -
-
:
JQj Ye Y GdMI .
:
GC L` . O
C C
C . C )C( = )C , ( =
)( = . :
GC C . )C + ( =
. :
GC C C
.
C C
: )( =
)C , ( =
GC C. C .
C C - C C .
: )C - ( , )C + ( = C
JQ : . .
.
- 411
-
511 :
e GEfR
. :
GC . . L` .
O .
e GEfR
:
C
. :
GC )C( )( :
GC )C + ( )C , ( L` )C - ( O )C , (
.
.
-
:
: C
)C( = )C ( )C( = )( =
)C , ( =
C )C( =
C )C( = )C - ( = )C + ( =
. .
:
GC L`
:
GC
L` O
C )C( = )( = )C + ( = :
GC C . .
L` .
GNQ GdMI
- 611
-
711 :
GNQG
GdQb GChd: :
: GC C ) C { ( ..........
)C ( : )( = ..........
L` : = = + = .......
GC M = } { N = } { M N C C k M k N . . .
C =
)( = - + k k ] [ :
: . : .
: )( =
GC : : = + = .
: = ) - ( . : = + = .
GC : -
- - -
- )( =
- +
+ )( =
.
:
: . : .
-
:
GdQb Gdf
: C C X )c ( = c X )c C(
C C E
E : C E //
C C E E C C E = C
C E C E // C + E = }{ = : C E .
GdQb GChd: :
C 2 C )C , ( : )C( )( )C - ( ) C(
)( = + - + :
= = : ) ( ) ( ) ( ) -(
: M = } { M C C + H C k M . .
+ +
+ - -
-
- + )( =
)( : )( )(
C
E
- 811
-
1 - 1
911 :
c .
.
. . : . : .
: .
GdQb Gdf
C E E E E
+ E = }{ C .
: C X )c C E( = c X )c C E(
C C C E C E . :
E .
C E E.
)c C ( =
C
E
-
:
)(
)( C = - = )( C - = ` C = + = - ` = -)( - C = ` C = - - = - `
=
) ( C - = - ` C = - = ` = = )(
)( M * N = }) ( ) ( )- ( )- ({)( )M * ( = ) ( )N( =
)( )( =
) (
: )( C + = ` C = - = ` =
)( = + =
= + =
= =
)( )M( = : )( C )( )( )(
)(
)( = }) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({
)( = }) ( ) ( ) ( ) ({
)( }) ( ) ({
)(
)( = }) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ({ .
)( = }) ( ) ({
)(
)( )(
)(
)( ) ( )(
)( ) ( )(
- )( - = - - = -)( )( = )(
S )( = - = )( + S )( = - + = - )(
: )( - )( - )(
: )(
) ( )-( = )( )-( = ) ( )-( =
)( = )( = )( = -
( =
( = )
( = )
)
)( ) ( ) ( )( ) (
)(
)( ) ( =
)( C =
)(
)( .
)( .
)(
: )( )( )- ( )( z )( . )(
:)( )( )(
:)( )( } ) ( { )( } ) -({
)( }) ( { )( } )- ({
)( } ) - ( { )( } ) ( {
)( + = - = ` = = c = c
)(
)( )( - )( -
)( )(
)( - )(
)( )( -
)(
)( )( - )( -
)( - )(
)( - )( -
)(
)(
: )( )( )(
: )( )( } )- ( ) ( {
)( } ) - ( ) ( {
)( )(
)(
)( )( )( )( !
)( )( = } ) ( {
)( } { )( } ) ( ) - ( {
)( )( = )( } - {
)( }) ( ) ({
)(
: )( )( )( )( )( )(
)( )( )( )(
:
)( )( ) -( ) -( = = =
)( = } {
)( - = )-( = = =
)( = } {
)( - = = = -
)( = }- {
)(
)-( =
)( =
)( )( )( =
)( - }{ )( )( = )-( =
)(
)( = - } - {
)( = - } -{
)( = - } -{
)(
= = - }{
= - } - {
)(
= - } - {
= - }{ = - } - {
= - }{
)(
= - } - {
= - } - { =
= - } {
)(
= - } - {
= - } {)(
= - }- { = - } - {
= - } - - {
)(
)( - )( - } - - {
)( C = )( C = )( = )(
= - }-{
+ +
+ )( )( =
= ) + (
+ =
+
+ =
= - } - { +
)+ ( +
+ )( )( =
) + (
) + ( =
+ +
) + ( =
)(
: )( C = - : )( = - } - - {
: = =
)(
)( = c )( X ) C ( = c
)( X ) C ( = c )( X ) ( = c)( X ) C ( = c )( X ) ( = c
)( X ) C ( = c )( X ) C ( = c )(
)( C = = C C = C =
)(
)( )( c )( c )( c )( c
)( )( X ) C ( = c )( X ) C ( = c
)(
)( )( X )c C ( = c )( X )c ( = c )( X )c C ( = c )( X )c C ( =
c
)( X )c C ( = c )( X )c C ( = c
)(
)( X )c( = c X )c( = c )( X )c( = c X )c ( = c )( X )c ( = c X
)cC ( = c
)(
)( = )( = )( =
)(
)( )( = c )( = c )( = c = c = c = c = c = c = c )( )( = )( = )(
=
)( )( = )( = )( =
)(
)( = )( = )( =
= = =
)(
)( = X )c C( = = X )cC ( = - = c
)(
)( = )( = )( =
= = =
= = =
)(
)( = )( = )( =
= = =
)(
)( : )( )( .
: )( )( C )(
)(
)( = } {
)( C = } { = } {
= }{
)(
)( ) ( )C , (= ) C ( + )( - )C + (
= + -
= - =
)(
: )( )( )( )(
)( ) ( )(
)(
=
)( ) ( =
)( ) ( =
)(
=
)( ) ( ) C ( =
=
)( )( =
)( )( =
) ( )( =
)(
)(
)( ) C ( = - ) C ( ) C ( = - ) C (
) C ( = ` ) C ( =
: )( ) ( ) C+ ( = - ) C+ ( =
)( =
- 021
-
221
-
-
123
-
421
-
-
125
-
621
-
-
127
-
821
-
-
129
-
031
-
-
131
-
231
-
-
133
-
431
-
-
135
-
631
-
-
137
-
831
-
-
139
-
041
-
-
141
//
-
241
//
-
-
143
-
441
-
-
145
-
641
