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. 1 ; , ( . ); ; , , , , 45.

, , , X IX , , . , . . , , . , , , . , , - 1812 1814 ., ; . , 46, 1812 , , 18x3-1814 47.

45 .: . . 1812 . .: , 2002; . . : (.). .

46 , . .: 1812 (1812 . |,, 1813-1814 .

47 ., , . . 18 12 - 18141. ^ , . 1812 , 81^-1814., 490

48

I 82 1813-181417. . -. , . , , - , , , . 1814 , 1912 . , .

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, . 1813-1814 . -

50 : . . , . 1812 . .: , 2005.

| , 1; , I , , , . . : I. , . .: , 2 0 0 5 . . -5 9 . , , , , : . . . XIX . .: , 1989.

49

. , , - - . , , -. , , , , , ( , ) . , . , -, , , . : , , ( , ), , , .

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, 51 181318141., , 1812 . , . I , . , . , , . , , , ^. , , , .

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. , , , . , , . , , , . 1812 , , , . , .

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, I, , . , - . , . , , , . 8 . -, -

53 1812. . .: . . V II. .: , 1996. . 4 1-57 .

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( ) , - . , ) 54.

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61 1813-1814 . , 82.; . 62. : , . . , 1943 , 1941-.

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, , . , ,

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6. , XIX , 1792 ., , , , . 1814 , , , , , 66.

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66 , - 18141*.

56

, . , . . . , - . < >).

, 1812 . , , . , 1813-1814 .I 1812 , ; . 1813-1814 . ; , . , , 1812-1841. , , , .

P. H.

X I X , . : , , , , , . 1. . , , , , , , , . - , - . -2 0 2 (). , . , . . . . , . . .

. ,

1 , , - , . , .

58

( , . . ,

- , , , , , , . , , , ? , , , , , , . , - , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , ! , X V - , , , ! (les amours du nord).

, , , , , 4.

1812 . (- 2-), , 8 5. . . . , , -

4 . . 1807 // . ., 1893. . L 0 .2 9 4 - 29.

5 , X V I -- ( ). .

60

- 6. . , , I, 7. , . - , . , , , , ( ).

1812 . . . , . ., . . . 1812 18 , . . . 4- . . 8. ( , , . , , 1812 1812 ., . , , . , . -* .

1813-1814 . . . . 1813-1814

.. - , 1789 //8 . . . . . ., 1991. . 177.

7 . . 18:12-1813. ., 1995. .207.

. . ( ). . -2. .. .63. .6.

61

1813 . 1813-1814 9. , ..,.*, , , , , - 1813 .

20 1813 . . . 13- - 2- -. 4- . - . . ( 1812 ) - 5- , 18 . - . . ( 1812 - 3- )9- ( ), ; - ( , , ); 14- ( , ); 15- ( - , ) 12 . - . . 28 8- , , . - , 31 . , : (8-, g-, --; 4- ) .

.., , : 5- . . , 12- . . . . , 10. g-, -, 14-, 15- , .

, 15 , . . ( #* ). . 13- , 2- , 3- . 22 1500 . , -

9 - . . ( ). 4>.U,j6. . . 4 .3 4 16 ; 4 .340 ).

10 . .8 4 6 . . .

62

, , 25 , 11.

30 , . , , , , - . . , , . 7 8-, 12-, - , . - 11. . , ... .^'2. , , , , . , 5- , 3- 9-,-,14-,15-I , . ,( -, 17 . -, , -, , , 13.

2 I, 1 2, - - . , 21 11. . 9-, 14-, 15- , - . 25 30 .

- ( . . , 4 , , II . , , , , . 5 . 9 , . . . .

1813 .

, , . , - , .. , 1814

11 , .^. .7-906.

I ; \ , . . 1:1 .

63

. 28 1814 7 , 7 -, 115 14. 4- , . 3- 15, g- , . , . 3- 16. -, 8 , 124 17.18-20- 1813-1814 , , , .

. . . -. . , . , . , .

, , , 53 1812 , : , 18. 5,6 1812 : ... , , . , , . , , , , , 1'*.

. , 1813 , , , -

14 . -4137- -45-15 . . -I. .. .531. .7-8.

16 .../. . . . , 199. .. 15/1.

17 . .438.18 , 1812 ,

, . . . . . I // .] . . 128. ., 1909. .257.

14 , 1812. -. .. ., 1912. .. 144.

64

2. . , , . , , , . ,

, , , , , , , 15 , . , , 24.

? 30- X V III , 1736 25. , , , . , , .! X V III X IX .

1798 , . .

. . - : 26. , . , . : , 27. . : (), , , , , . , , . , , .... ...28.

, [814 . . . ,

24 . . ., 7866. . 19-20.

25 - . .. N 6890.

2ft . . . . 661.

27 , 1812. -. . .., 19J2. .

2 . . . .66.

66

I , , ... , ... . , , , , - ; , , , , , .

... , , , , ... : , ! ...^

. , , , , *.

[813 . , , . . , .-. 1813 : ; . , . - ,

, 1813 , , 32.

I! I in . ( : . , - -

, , , , .... , , , 33. , . , , . , , , , , . , , ... , , . , ...

, . , , ... , , , . , , , , , . , . , . , 34.

, , , . . , , , , ,

Markov. S. 3 2 3 -3 3 1. Achim Gramsch , . . .

33 Ibid. . 32 3 ,3 3 5 .

34 Hussell. Die crstcn russen in Leipzig... S. 331.

68

, *5. . , , 36. , . I , , . , , , , . . . , , . , , . , , . X V II X V III , X IX . , , , , , :,

; , , 37. , , , - , , . 1812 1813- 1814 . ? , , , , ..., , : ,

? , , , . , , .

. . : - . . 1812 . . ., 1999. . .

** . . 128. .312. . 74. 21 1812 .

69

1812 , , 38.

. , : , , 39. , , . , 1812 , , , , , .

. . 82 , , , . : , , . - ? , ., , , , , . , . , , ( ), , , , !40 : 41.

, 8 1813 42. . ; , , , ...43 , , , : , ,

38 . . . . 58.

39 .. . --, 1997. . 382.

40 . . 18 12 // . 1868. ., 1869.

-1995-41 .

42 8 . . 9. .6 4 -6 6 . . . . . ....

43 . . 6 5 -6 6 .

70

, , -. , - 500 , 4139 , 1062 384 44.

. , 1848 , .

! ! ?

, , , , , . , , , , ? , , , . , , , .. , , , , , , , 45.

, , I , .

, - , , .

, XIX , , , .

, . , , , . , , , . : , ?

14 . .846 . O n. 16 . .34 50 ; . . .: - // . - . , 2 0 0 2 . . 17 0 - 17 3 .

1941-1945. . . , 1992. . 12. .

71

, , ? , , , , , , , . : , .

: , , .

. 1812-1814 - , , 46:

, , - ., ,, . !, ., ,, .

, . 40- XIX 47. , ,

46 18 12 - 18 14 . . ., , 18 12 .. . , . . : ! , ! , , . , . , . , , , , , , . . .

. // . . . , 1989. .4 0 8 -4 1 1 . : . ( ), , , 1847. 47. . 6 6 9 -6 7 1.

72

, 1813- 84 . . 0 ( 50 ) 20 , , , , . , . , , 1813 . . , .

1 ,

,.,, ? , ! , ,

, . ...48. , , ,

, . !* , 49. . , - 1830-1831 , ( ; ) 1854-1856 . , , , . . 1839 1853 .

. , . . , ... . , , , , , ,

. . . CL^og. (.)0 .14 , : 1

#& . , : &-

, | L

73

- .... ... , . , 51.

, , 1813-1814 , .

* . . // . 1874.. VI. . 74 1-742.

. .

- :

. .

. .

( 1 B 6 4 )

- (1828-1898). - (1851), , , 1867-1879 . , . 1860- . . 1

(1824-1878), 1861 ., - , . . . 1863 . , , . . , , 1860- . 1864-1866 . ,

* .: , . . . ., 1860-1874. . _ ; , . .. ., 1861-1867. - 14 ( . -); : . ., 1861-1864. . 1-6 ; , . ., 1871. . .

75

. , , , . , , , . . , , 1864 . , . . , , , , .2 .

1840- . . . , , . . -; 1863 ., , , , . , 1863 . , . , , . - .

1863-1864 . . 1864 . . , , , , , . ., . ,

2 . . - // . 1884. 6. . 587.

J . // . 1878. Ny6. 0 .2 0 3 -2 0 4 .

76

, (, ) - (, . , . . .). , , .

. 1864 ., 0 , - . , , , - . . , . , , , , , . 4 , , . ,- , , , . , , ... , , ... , 1 > ... , ; , .* .# ,

1 ' . ('..218.

' ' . :.2 3 0 .

77

I 6.

, , , , :

1) , conditio sine que non ( . . . .) , 7, ^^| ( . .- . .) , .

2) , , , , , .

3) , , , . , , , , , , . , : . , .

4) , , , , :

5) , . : ; ' ; , ; , , , ,

6 . . ; . . (. 3 3 7 /11. . 5. .. 30. .5-16). , .

4 (1818-1872), , , 1859-1861 . , 1864-1866 . - .

78

, .

) , , , , : , . , , , , , . , , . .

7) , , , . , , : . , , , , , . . , 13 , . . , , , , , : , , . , , 8, .

8) , , , . ( , ):

) , , , 9 ,

! , - .

(> 8- . ., : . . : 1863.]// ). . . ., 1877. . ]. .3 2 5 - 350; . . : [ 5 1864 .]// . . -

79

. , 10 . , , , : , , ; - , , , , ; ( , , ), () ; , , , 11; , , , . - - , -, , , . , , ( ), , , , , - , . ; ; . jMQfiMii 12, []

. - . . 18 6 0 -18 8 6 : , , : [2- .]. ., 1900. . 3 . . 2 19 -2 2 4 .

, . . - , (1864, 45).

NB. , ( 15 . ., ), , . ( /. . . .).

12 (1831-1872), , . 18 5 6 -18 5 9 . , . 1863-18641 . . . , - . - : , -

80

. 13, , ; . . 14 ,11. . 15 , . , , , : , , , , , .

: , . , , , , , ,

, , - () Polish Question, . . - . (- . . // . 1892. 9. . -) .

1:1 (1833-1914), -, .- (1900), , (1867), .- . 1863-1864 . . 1865. , 1871. .- .

14 I (1833-1912), -, , , ; (1875), - .- (1895). 1860. ; , , .

15 (1827-1886), , , -- .- (1865). 1851. , (1869-1872), ( 1875) (1880-1885) . 12 1864. . . . . . . : . . , , [] , . [...] , , , . I , . . |...] , , , . , , . . [...|. ( . .337/. . 7. .. 15. .g - .).

81

. , , . - , -16.

) ^ , , , , . , , - , , , , , , , , , , , - , , , ; , , , , , .. , : . , , , . , , , : , , . ? , , -, ( ), . . .

) [ . .] . , , , , , , , , ,

1 - .

82

. , , , , , , ] . , , , , , . , , . , ; , ; , , ; , ( 17, 18, 19, 20, , ); , , (21),

17 , , 8. - . . .

,ft , , , . , , , , . . ; ; , . (, , ).

19 , , , 8. , ; ; , . , . , , .

20 , , , 8. , , ( , , , . II.), , .

21 , ( ) , . , , , , . , ,

83

(22), ( 23), , , 0- , . ., ; , ; , ; , , , ( ); , , ; , ( ) ; , , ; ( , ); , , , . , , , ( , , -). ; .

9) : , , , .

) , , , -, . &* - -

; (, ), . , .

^ , , .

2 * , , , . 1846 . . () . 1853. .

84

), . ., - , . .

5 1864

2., , - . , . 2*, : . . . 25 , , : ! , ( ), , --

, |( , .

, , . . , - : . , .

, .

2 1864 .

3-

! , ,

2^ , , , : , , , , 27 -

24 ' .

w* (5 (18313-1886), , , , , . . .

* .27 / . . . . .

. . , - I . . . -

85

. , , : , 28, 29 . 30, , , , 31 . : , 32,

( ), .

28 (1796-1866), ( 1865), , , , 1857-1861. . 1863. 1865. - . 1866. . . .

29 (18 11-1901), , 1863- 1868. , , .

30 1862. - . . , 17 1864. , -. 1864., ... , 14 1864 . . . . . . , , , . : , , . (...] , . [...] , , . . [| , |] [] : , , - , , , , , . , , . ! []. ( . . . . // . ., . . . .345).

31 - .

32

86

, , , , , , , . , , , : ^| , , , . , > , , : , , , ; .

, - , , , , , !

, , , . .

) 1864 .

4 -

! , , ,

. 5 . . , . , 2000 . ., 500 . 34 500 . . . , , , , , 3500 . ., . ,

- . ., . . . . ; .

::* .

- . . .

87

**. , , , . . 36, .

, , , . , , , , .

,

.

[] [] 37 .

1864, .

35 - 26 1865. .

36 (182,8-1898), , 1860- . , , 1887-189 6 . . , , 1840- .: , 1851 ., - , . 1864. . . , , : {...] , [] [...] , , . . 14- [] 3- , jg..18- . . . [...]. , - 2 /3 , : , , - , , , , . 25 . , , , .... (. .46. .557. .63-64).

37 ( ), , . . .

.

, !:

-

'

X X , , . . , , - , ; , , . , , , , , . 1906 . , . -

1 Prakashak, 19 .2 .19 0 4 , .: Report on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 19 0 4 , no. 9. P. 13 . British Library, Oriental and India Office Collection (OIOC). L / R /5 / 15 9 . , , , : , - . , , , .

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, , - 3. , , , , XX . - , , , . , 4.

, - , , - 5. , : , , . - ( - ), ,

2 , ; 1914., . , - , . .

3 , R.Dua. Impact of the Russo- Japanese (1905) War on Indian Politics (New Delhi: S.Chand, 1966).

4 28 1905 : . Gandhi. Collected Works o f Mahatma Candhi. Vol. V. Ahmedabad: Government of India, Ministry o f Information and Broadcasting, 1961. P. 115.

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7 Seal. Imperialism and Nationalism. P. 4-5.

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, , 9. , -, 1908 . , . ( ), , . - , 10. , , , , , 11. . , , . --- , , : ... , , - 12.

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9 Worringcr. Comparing Perceptions. Chaps. 6 and 7.

10 ., : J.Fu rn ivall. Colonial Policy and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1948. P. 142-43 , .

11 , , ., : Shams-ul-Akhbar (April 11, Tgo4)//Reports on Madras Native Newspapers. 1903-1904, no. 16 (1904). P. 143. OIOC, L / R / 5 / , and ibid.//Reports on Madras Native Newspapers, 1905-1906, no. 4 (1905). P. 29 . OIOC, L / R / 5 / 1 12 . , , .: Egyptian Gazette (Aug. 3 ,19 06 ). P. 3. .: F. Robinson. The British Empire and the Muslim W or!d//J. Brown el al.,cds.. Oxford History o f the British Empire. Vol. VI: The Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. P. 406.

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, , . ,

17 Worringer. Comparing Perceptions. P. 2 7 -3 1 ,3 5 1 .

18 Egyptian Gazelle (July 1,1906). P. 3.

19 . ; C. Andrews. The Renaissance in India. London: Church Missionary Socicty, 1912. P. 4. , , . : Tribune (Lahore) (March 72, I904)//Seleclions from the Native Newspapers Published in the Punjab. 1903 -1904, no. 10 (1904). P. 51. OIOC, L /R /5 /18 7 ; P.Sinha. Indian National Liberation Movement and Russia (1905-1917). New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1975. P. 174-175; Dua. Impact. P. 24; N. Chaudhuri. My Hundredth Year//Granta (Spring 1997). P. 205.

20 M. Aung. History o f Burma. NY: Columbia University Press, 1967. P. 277.

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26 , . .: Gujarati (April 2 4 , 1904>//Report on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 1904, no. 18. P. (quote). OIOC. I. / /5 /159; Indian People (Jan. 1 6 , 1904)//Scleclk>ns from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 19 0 4 ,110. 4. P. 28. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 8 0 ; Bengalee (April 9, t905)//Repori on Native Papers in Bengal. 19 0 5 , no. 16. Pt. II. P. 143 . OIOC. I ./ R /5 /3 1.

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28 Gujarati (June 2 5 , 19)//11., no. 26. P. 18.

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Japanese Maiden (1904) . no: Sugita. Japan. P. 301.

32 Amrita Bazar Patrika (Jan. 14, tgo5)//Rcport on Native Papers in Bengal. 1905,110.3. Pt. 11. P. 23. OIOC. L /R /5 /3 1; Indian Mirror (July 19, igo5)//ibid., 110. 29. Pt. II. Pp.262-263; Musafir (Nov. 8 , 19o6)//Seleetions from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces. 1905-1906,110 . 46 (1906). P. 795. OIOC. L/R /5/81.

33 ., .: K al (June 3 , i904)//R eporl on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 1904 , no.23. P .. OIOC, L / R / 5 / 15 9 .

34 : Sandhya (March 15, igo5)//R cpori 011 Native Papers in

96

- , ' . . , . , []... :... ... , . , , , . - - ( ) . , , , . , * . , , 37. , : , , 38. , , * 3^ . ,

Bengal. 19 0 5 , . 12 . Pt. I. . 2,90. . L / R / 5 / 3 1 ; Bengalee (June 9 )// . : Sinha. Indian. P. 176.

Deshabhakta (Feb. 23 , L904)//Report on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 19 0 4 , no. 9. P. 11. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 15 9 .

if> Gujarati (March 19, i905)//Rcport on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency.1905, no. j j . P. 13. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 160.

57 . no: Hay. Asian Ideas o f East and West. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 970. P. 43, . 69. .: Bangavasi (Feb. 13, i9c>4)//Repori on Native Papers in Bengal. 1904 , no. 8. P. 177. OIOC. L /R /5/30 ; Sandhya (Aug. 3 1 , 1905)//Rep0rt 011 Native Papers in Bengal. 905, no. 36. Pt. I. P. 863. OIOC. \ J

M p frm Egyptian (July 19, :5}|. P. . Worringer. C om paringffeeptions. P. | , , 4;

406-4O8.;{() , . : Sugita. Japan. P. 299.

4 942 97

40. , , 41.

, . , , , . , , , , - , 42. , , , , 43. , : , , , , , , 44. : ? , 45.

, , , , , . - , - [ ]? 46. , -

40 R. Rav. Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal, 1875-1927. Delhi: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 1984. P. 141. .: . - oglu. Preparation for Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 200 1. Pp. 29 7 ,302 ,30 4 .

41 . no: Sugita. Japan. P. 301.

42 Egyptian Gazette (June 8,1904). P. 3; Worringer. Comparing Perceptions. P. 357.

43 Paisa Akbhar (Sept. 7, i904)//Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the Punjab. 1903-190 4, no. 37 (1904). P. 216. 010C. I./R/5/187.

44 Aryavart (Aug. 6, i904)//Report on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 1904, no. 33. P. 13. OIOO. L /R /5/159 ; Shri Sayaji Vijay (Jan. 30, 1904)//ibid, no. 3. Pp. 1 1 - 12; Hitechchhu (May 12, i904)//ibid., no. 20. P. 11 ; Baroda Vatsal (May 2 1, i9o/|)//ibid., no. 23. P. 12.

45 Daily Hitavadi (June 4, i905)//Report on Native Papers in Bengal. 1905,110 . 23. Pi. I. Pp.564-565. OIOC. L /R /5/31.

46 Sri Sri Vishnu Priya-o-Ananda Bazar Patrika, . no: Dua. Impact. P. 28.

98

*7. : , , '*8. , , , , . , .* 49; , ,^ , . , :. ? , 1. , , : , , 5!,

, . , ... [ ] , . - ... 52. . , , ^, , . , * - , , , . , , -

* The liusso Japanese War (1905), . : Btigita. Japan. P. 301.

48 R.Tagore. Naft)nalism. N[V: Macmillan, 1917. p. 86.

49 ; Jam -e-Jam shed (Jan..g, ig iS jp l'R e p o rt on Native P a p i# the Bombay P re s id e n t . !

, , , . , 54:. , 5. , -, (), 56.

, , . , , , , 3ft , 37. ( ) , , [ ] , . , , , , , , . , '8. , , , , ; ,

54 # Egyptian-French Letters. . 146.

Stigke. Japan. , ( . 302).

Woi ringer. Com paringPeraeptions. . ^,

37 Egyptian P. 2; ibid. (May BL1906). P. ^ : GerShoni. Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs. Pp. 4-15 passim; A Hourani. Arable T h attA i in the Liberal 1798-1^39. London: Oxford University Pres% 1967. P. 20 0 -20 8 ; RSieppalt. Nattonalisinus und Islam be! Mustafa Kamil. Leiden: Brill, /. 1,Wendell. Evoluiion of th f Egyptian J%tional Image. Berkeley: University! CaliforniaMHL , P. 3. . :Ettgita. Japan. M p a ^J.AhnwA. Intellectual Origins ofE^yptian

ftotianaBsm. London: Oxford University PriMs, i960. P.

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, -, .

, , 6ojf>* . - . , , , , , , *. - , , V II 60. , , , , , , , . , , 6?, , % ^ , , , 4:, , 6.

54 Cham Mihir (June i j , tgogJ/ZRcport 011 Native Papers in Bengal. 1905, no. 25. H JL . 612. oiQCi L M M p

60 A1 Bifchir (Julv 190(1)//Sck'ci ions from the Native Newspapers Published in the U nitaiProvinces. ay Presidcncy.si90%no.; Hk P. . l-/R /g/lS9 ; Vihari (July _ On NatiTgf Pape Published in the Bombay Presidency. 19 0 5,110 .. . i(>. OIOC. l./R /jj/ ifio : HitavartaZ/Re port on Native Papcliln 1905,3)0. 9. Pt. I. P. igfi, I . L/R /5 / 3 1 ; Indian MitFOir(April 13, K)05)//ibid., iriL 16. Pt. II. P. 143; Daily H (April , 19og)M ibid., n b 16. Pt. I. P. (Jan- X90^/WeIeGOons from the Native NewspapctsPublisJiel in the United Provinces. 90~% 6, no. PpL 113, OIOC {./R i^/ *Sw ade^tni-iran (Mairli 30. i5)//Heporlson Madras Native Newspapers. 1905-1905, no. 14 (15)03! p. i A Swadesamitran (Sept. 19, i9c>5)//ibid., p. jfgfej,

62 Bengalee (June tg ajfr f f Report on Native Papstsin Bengal, 1905, no. Pt. .b iers. 191*3- 1 9 0 1. no. 1 1 (1904). P. I ./ R /5 / 1H .

101

; , , ^ 4.

, , , ,, , . . - , [] [] 6. , , 66. , - 67. - , - , , , , , 68. - 69. , , - , 70, , , , :

^ (July %% ig o jje b e le m o n s from the Native Newspapers Published in the Punjab. 19 0 5 -19 0 6 , no. 3 2 (1905). P. 2,17. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 188.

65 Dua. Impact. P. 40.

66 Manorama (Sept. 9, i904)//Reporis on Madras Native Newspapers. 19 0 3-19 0 4 , no. 37 (1904). P. 311. OIO C. L / R / 5 / in .

67 . no: Bengalee (Feb. 6 , 1905)//Rep0rt on Native Papers in Bengal. 1905, no. . Pi. II. P. 55. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 3 1 ; ibid. (Oct. 19, i905)//Report on Native Papers in Bengal. 1905, no. 43, Pi. II. P. 377.

68 Praja Bandhu (Sept. 3 , i905)//Report on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Prcsiden- cy. 1905, no. 36. P. 11. OIOC. L / R / 5 / ; . : Mahraita (March 2 0 , 190/))//Report on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 1904, no. 13. P. 11. O IO C . L /

R/9*459-69 Dcshabakia (Feb. 2 3 , 1904)//ibid., no. 9. P. 1 1 ; Kesari (Feb. T3, i904)//ibid., no. B. P. 1 1 ;

Jam-e-Jamshcd (Jan. 4 , K)05)//ReporL on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 19 0 5 , no. 1. P. 9. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 160 .

70 Dua. Impact. P. 37.

102

, , , , , . , 71. - , . , , .

( , ). , , , 72. , , : ! 73. , ; , 74. , . , , . . ; , , ( ) 75. , - - , , , 76.

71 Tagore. Nationalism. P. 6 8 - 7 3 ,8 4 - 8 9 ,10 6 - 10 7 , : P. 70.

72 Dua. Impact. P. 3 0 -2 1 .

73 Sri Sri Vishnu Priya-o-Ananda Bazar Pairika (Sept. 14 , J904)//R cport 011 Native Papers in Bengal, 1904 , no. 39 , p. 907, O IO C, L / R / 5 / 3 0 ; . Hitkari (May 10 ,19 0 7 ) , in Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the Punjab, 19 0 7 , vol. X X , no. 24 , p. 2 12 , O IO C, I ./ R / 5 / 18 9 .

74 Prakashak (Feb. 19 ,I904)//Rcpon on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 1904, no. 9. P. 13. OIOC. L /R /5 / i 59.

7- Ray. Social Conflict. P. 141.

76 Ibid.

103

, , , . , , ( ) , 77. , , . , , . , , , - , 78.

. , - , . -, , , , -, , , , 7:. , , , . , , . , , , : , , . , , , . [ ] 1.

77 I.Spcctor. The First Russian Revolution: Its Impact on Asia. Englewood Cliffs: Premiec- Hall, 1962; Worringer. Comparing Perceptions. P. 36-37, chap. 4 passim.

78 Jam-e-Jamshecl (Jan. 4, i9c>5)//Report 011 Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 1905, no. i. P. 9. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 160.

7

, 81. , , , , 82.

. . , , , 83. , ... - , . , 84. , : , ... , ? . . 85. , : , . , , , , . ,

igo7)//M imo Papers. MS 12737. .

81 Egyptian Gazette (May 2 3 . 1906). P. 3. . Correspondence with His Majesty the King. 190 1-190 5, letter no. 103 (Jan. 25,1905). Pp. 124-125. OIOC. MSS Eur F 1 1 1 / 136.

82 Earl o f Cromer 10 Marquess o f Landsdowne (Jan. 9, i905)//Foreign Officc. Further Correspondence Respecting the Affairs o f Egypt and the Soudan. 1905. PRO. FO 4 0 7 / 164, item no. 203. Pp. 362-364 ; Egyptian Gazette (July 23,1906). P. 3 (); . : Tignor. Modernization. P. 27oil.

83 . no: Hilechchhu (June 2 , i904)//Repori on Native Papers Published in the Bombay Presidency. 19 0 4 , no. 23. P. It. OIOC. L / R / 5 / 159.

84 Times o f India, . : Das. India. P. 18-19.

8,) A. Pollard. The History o f England. London, 1912, 110: R.Hyam. The British Empire in the Edwardian Era//Brown. Oxford History of the British Empire. P. 55.

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: ?86 , , , , 87. , , - , , . , : 1911. , 88.

, , - . , -, 89. , , , , 90.

. , , - . , . ,

86 Egyptian Gazette (Nov. 16 , J906). P. 2; . : Letter 011 Pan-Islamism//London Times (Jan. 2 1,19 08 ). .: L . OMalley. History o f Bengal, Bihar, anti Orissa under British Rule. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1925. P. 526-528.

87 Egyptian Gazette (May 31,19 06). P. 5.

88 . no: Sinha. Indian. P. 173.

89 . no: Bose and Jalal. Modern South Asia. P. 108.

90 Seal. Imperialism and Nationalism. Pp. 4 - 5 , 19 - 2 1 , 25. tic , , , - , - . , .: Dua. Impact. P. 37-38 ; H.Grimal. Decolonization/Trans. S. Dc Vos. Boulder: Wcsiview, 1978. P. 40-41; J. McLanc. Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977. P. 364; W. Smith, Nationalism and Reform in India. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938. P. 269.

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, o f 11 , , , . * ^ , , , , , 91. , - , , , ; - .

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:

XIX XX .

XIX XX . . . . , , 1. . , ( ( ) , ... 2. , . , . - , . .- , ( , ) ^ - . XIX . , , , , , , . -

1 . . 1875-1914. , )()9 . >.

.

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108

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109

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, XIX . ( !), - . - - . . , , .

(| .: . . /^^ . . 1,979- .,5.

7 . . . ., 1898; . &

11 , . . , , 0|) .

11 . . . ., 1903.

111

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.. , 1898-1899. ( ), . . (), 1885 . ( ). , . . 1903 . ( ), . . 1888.

, , , (835_93). . . . , . . ( ) 1859. . . . . . , , . 1865 . . . . , , , , , . ..

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112

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11 . (: 1S. . |?.. // 18 00 (1)17 . . ., 1989. .3. . 526-528 .

. . . , . . . . . 1884 . , . 1885 ., , . . . , . , -, . 1886 ., . . (1886) (1889). , . , . 1894 . . . 12.

, X I X X X . , , . , , . , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , , , - - . .

12 . : . ., . . . . // 1800-19 17 . 4 . .,1989. .3. . 115-116 .

114

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11 . . 34.

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18 1',.71. // . N 12. .258. 1898. . . 37.19 . :. 38.

116

, , , . , , , , , 20. .. , , - . . - - , , 21. , , , , . , , ( ) , , 22. . . , . , , , . . , , , , 23.

, . . , , , . . , . , , . , 1878 . (, , -), . . , , , . . , . , , -

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21 ' . .40.

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. . . . , , , , ; , 26. , . - , ( , ) , , . . , , 27.

, , ( ), . . , ; -

24 .-1. // . 7. .. 1899. .83-84.

25 . . 83.

26 . . 91.

2 ' .. // . 7. T.262. 1899. . 91.

118

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31 .. // . 8. . 256. 1898. . 43-44.

32 .. / . N"8. . 262. 1899. .584.

33 . . 585.

120

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.

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11 . .276.

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41 .

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122

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124

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59 . . 77.

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61 .: . . . (1868-1891). ., 1998; . . (1880- )// : . ., 2000. .228-255 ; . .

126

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127

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128

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74 ;7,> . . 24].

76 . .239.

77 . . . . 0 .49.

5 942129

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83 . . // . . .258 .1898. .29.

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