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&BDFG HBJDBKLMNOQLR Grounding of stationary telegraph and telephone "#%&(

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Design objectives for resistance

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A+ " 464—-79 KD. 3

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2.2.4 C*86*.3?;&(3& "#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5;1 /]F 3;3 [F, 83.#&%:J 8* ,J&%& «86*?*5—"&%;1» 3 «86*?*5— 86*?*5», 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& 10 S% 5;1 )6<(.*? , <5&;B(:% ,*86*.3?;&(3&% 5* 100 S%-% 3 (& A*;&& 30 S%—5;1 )6<(.*? , <5&;B(:% ,*86*.3?;&(3&% A*;&& 100 S%-%. 2.2.5 C*86*.3?;&(3& ;3(&4(*-"#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,. 6*4,.? 5;1 *A*;*M&@ @#A&;&4, 863 "#23.& @#A&;&4 *. <5#6*? %*; (33 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&&, S%:

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S% -% ?@;LM.; 50 — 5;1 )6<(.*? , <5&;B(:% ,*86*.3?;&(3&% ,?. 1000 S%-%. 2.2.6. F6*%&><.*M(:& 8<(@.: 3"A36#.&;B(*4 >&;&"(*5*6*>

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A+ " 464—79 KD. 7

23&,1 ? *.5&;B(*% "5#(33 ((& ,*?%&2&((:& , UHC, `HC 56<)3%3 86&58631.31%3) 3 (& 3,8*;B"<L23& ""&%;L" ? @#M&,.?& 86*J*5# O;&@.63M&,@*4 9&83, 5*;>(: A:.B *A*6<5*?#(: "#23.(:% 3 5?<%1 3"%&63.&;B(:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3. 6#A*M&% ,*,.*1(33 ?,& "#"&%;1L23& <,.6*4,.?# 5*;>(: A:.B ",*&53(&(: " 8#6#;;&;B(* (# 23.@& "#"&%;&(33. H&;&)6#Q(:& ,.#(933, .6#(,;193*((:& *@*(&M(:& 3 #A*(&(.,@3& 8<(@.:, ,*?%&2&((:& , 56<)3%3 86&58631.31%3 (MIL, `HC), 5*;>(: ?@;LM#.B "#"&%;1L23& 86*?*5# @ *A2&%< "#23.(*%< "#"&%;1L2&%< <,.6*4,.?<.

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H6#(,;193*((:&, *@*(&M(:& 3 #A*(&(.,@3& 8<(@.:, (& 3%&L-23&" O;&@.6*83.#L23& <,.#(*?*@, 5*;>(: [:.B *A*6<5*?#(: "#-23.(:% "#"&%;1L23% <,.6*4,.?*% , ,*86*.3?;&(3&% (& A*;&& 10 S% 863 <5&;B(*% ,*86*.3?;&(33 )6<(.# 5* 100 S%-% 3 20 S%— "# )6<(.*? , <5&;B(:% ,*86*.3?;&(3&% A*;&& 100 S%-%.

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C*86*.3?;&(3& 6#A*M&-"#23.(*)* "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# " "#?3,3%*,.3 *. M3,;# *5(*86*?*5(:J .&;&)6#Q(:J 9&8&4. (#&5&(-(:J ? ,.#(93L (,%. RSCH 5238—73. M&6.. 1—6), 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(33, <@#"#((:J # .#A;. 3.

"S \ N L c S 3

2.4. /*6%: ,*86*.3?;&(31 " # " & % ; 1 L 2 3 J <,.-

6 * 4 , . ? 5 ; 1 ) * 6 * 5 , @ 3 J .&;&Q*((:J , . # ( 9 3 4 3 ,.#(934 %&,.(*4 >&;&" (*5*6*>(*4 , ? 1 " 3

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KD. 8 A+ " 464—79

*A*,*A;&((:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3 — "#23.(:% 3;3 6#A*M&-"#23.(:% 3 5?<%1 3"%&63.&;B(:%3.

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2.4.2. H&;&Q*((:& ,.#(933, 3%&L23& ,*&53(3.&;B(:& ;3(33 3 (& 3,8*;B"<L23& "&%;L ? @#M&,.?& 86*?*5(3@# .*@# ((#863%&6 ,*&53(3.&;B(:& ;3(33, *A*6<5*?#((:& 3(5<@.3?(:%3 @*%8;&@.#-%3 .38# [C_), ,;&5<&. *A*6<5*?#.B "#23.(:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3 (8. 1.2), ,*86*.3?;&(3& @*.*6:J 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? ).. 1.4.

H&;&Q*((:& ,.#(933, (& 3%&L23& 83.#L23J .6#(,Q*6%#.*6-(:J 8*5,.#(934, 5*;>(: A:.B *A*6<5*?#(: "#23.(:% "#"&%;1L-23% <,.6*4,.?*% , ,*86*.3?;&(3&%, (& 86&?:N#L23% "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 4.

H # A ; 3 9 # 4

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2.4.4. /&*A,;<>3?#&%:& <,3;3.&;B(:& 3 6&)&(&6#93*((:& 8<(@.:, 83.#&%:& 53,.#(93*((* 8* ,J&%& "86*?*5 — 86*?*5" 3 "86*?*5— "&%;1", 5*;>(: A:.B *A*6<5*?#(: *5(3% "#23.(:% "#"&%;1L23% <,.6*4,.?*%, "(#M&(3& ,*86*.3?;&(31 @*.*6*)* 5*;>(* ,**.?&.,.?*?#.B 863?&5&((*%< , 8. 2.2.4.

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2.5.1. C&;B,@3& .&;&Q*((:& ,.#(933 , 9&(.6#;B(*4 A#.#6&&4 ([HC 3 `HC) 5*;>(: A:.B *A*6<5*?#(: .6&%1 *A*,*A;&((:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3 ,*);#,(* 88. 2.4.1—2.4.3.

2.5.2. H&;&Q*((:& ,.#(933 &%@*,.BL 5* 200 (*%&6*? 5*8<,@# &.,1 *A*6<5*?#.B *5(3% "#23.(:% 3;3 6#A*M&-"#23.(:% "#"&%;1 L23% <,.6*4,.?*%, # ? @#M&,.?& 3"%&63.&;B(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 3,8*;B"*?#.B ?6&%&((:& "#"&%;1L23& <,.6*4,.?#.

2.5.3. W;1 #88#6#.<6: <8;*.(&(31 ,&;B,@3J `HC 3 [HC ? ,;< M#& (F63%&(&(31 ,3,.&%: 83.#(31 /]F «86*?*5 — 86*?*5» ,;&5<&. 3,8*;B"*?#.B *5(* *Ae&53(&((*& "#23.(*& "#"&%;1L2&& <,.6*4 ,.?*. F63 O.*% (&*A,;<>3?#&%:& <,3;3.&;B(:& 8<(@.: 5*;>(: A:.B *A*6<5*?#(: "#23.(:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3 , ,* 86*.3?;&(3&%, (& 86&?:N#L23% "(#M&(33, <@#"#((:J ? 88. 2 .1.2 3 2.1.3.

2.5.4. /&*A,;<>3?#&%:& <,3;3.&;B(:& 8<(@.:, 83.#&%:& 53 ,.#(93*((* 8* ,J&%& «86*?*5 — "&%;1», ,;&5<&. *A*6<5*?#.B 5?< %1 *A*,*A;&((:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3: 6#A*M3% ( ;3(&4 (*-"#23.(:%. C*86*.3?;&(3& 6#A*M3J 3 ;3(&4(*-"#23.(:J "#"&% ;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(33, <@#"#((:J ? 88. 2.2.3 3 2.2.5.

2.6. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; & ( 3 1 " # " & % ; & ( 3 1 5 ; 1 .& ; & Q * ( ( : J , . # ( 9 3 4 , % & , . ( * 4 A # . # 6 & & 4 (Uf)

2.6.1. H&;&Q*((:& ,.#(933 ,3,.&%: Uf, 6#A*.#L23& 8* 5?<J-86*?*5(:% 9&81%, 5*;>(: A:.B *A*6<5*?#(: .6&%1 *A*,*A;&((:%3 "#"&%;1L23%3 <,.6*4,.?#%3 — "#23.(:% 3 5?<%1 3"%&63.&;B(:%3. 6#A*M&% ,*,.*1(33 O.3 .63 "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.?# 5*;>(: A:.B ,*&53(&(: 8#6#;;&;B(* (# 23.@& "#"&%;&(31. F63 &%@*,.3 ,.#(933 5* 200 (*%&6*? 5*8<,@#&.,1 (& *A*6<5*?#.B ,.#93*(#6(:& 3"%&63.&;B(:& "#"&%;1L23& <,.6*4,.?#, # 863 3"%&6&(33 "#23.(*)* "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 3,8*;B"*?#.B ?6&%&((* "#"&%;1L23& <,.6*4,.?#.

2.6.2. C*86*.3?;&(3& "#23.(*)* "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# ,.#(934 Uf, 6#A*.#L23J 8* 5?<J86*?*5(:% 9&81%, 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 2.

2.7. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; & ( 3 1 " # " & % ; 1 L 2 3 J < , . 6 * 4 , . ? 5 ; 1 , . # ( 9 3 4 3 8 * 5 , . # ( 9 3 4 6#53*.6#( , ; 1 9 3 * ( ( : J < " ; * ? 2.7.1. C.#(933 3 8*5,.#(933 6#53*.6#(,;193*((:J <";*? ,;&5<&. *A*6<5*?#.B *5(3% "#23.(:% 3;3 6#A*M&-"#23.(:% "#"&%;1-

KD. 10 A+ " 464—79

L23% <,.6*4,.?*%. W;1 @*(.6*;B(:J 3"%&6&(33 ,*86*.3?;&(31 "#23.(*)* 3 6#A*M&-"#23.(*)* "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 5*8<,@#-&.,1 *A*6<5*?#.B 5?# ,.#93*(#6(:J 3"%&63.&;B(:J "#"&%;&(31 3;3 3,8*;B"*?#.B ?6&%&((:& "#"&%;1L23& <,.6*4,.?#.

2.7.2. C*86*.3?;&(3& "#23.(*)* 353 6#A*M&-"#23.(*)* "#"&%-;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? 8 . 1 .4 5;1 <,3;3.&;B(:J ,.#(934 3 8*5,.#(934 , 3 (& A*;&& 10 S% — 5;1 .6#(,Q*6%#.*6(:J 8*5,.#(934 "?<@*?*4 M#,.*.:.

2.8. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; & ( 3 1 " # " & % ; 1 L 2 3 J <,. 6 * 4 , . ? 5 ; 1 , * ? % & 2 & ( ( : J < , . # ( * ? * @ 8 6 * ? * 5 ( * 4 , ? 1 " 3 3 6 # 5 3 * . 6 # ( , ; 1 9 3 * ( ( : J < " ; * ?

2.8.1. C.#93*(#6(:& <,.#(*?@3 86*?*5(*4 ,?1"3 6#";3M(*)* (# "(#M&(31, (#J*5123&,1 " *5(*% 3;3 615*% 6#,8*;*>&((:J "5# (31J 3 83.#L23&,1 *. *5(*4 .6#(,Q*6%#.*6(*4 8*5,.#(933: %&> 5<)*6*5(:&, )*6*5,@3&, >&;&"(*5*6*>(*4 3"A36#.&;B(*4 ,?1"3 3,. 56<)3&, # .#@>& ,.#(933 3 8*5,.#(933 6#53*.6#(,;193*((:J <"- ;*? ,;&5<&. *A*6<5*?#.B *5(3% *A23% "#23.(:% 3;3 6#A*M&-"#- 23.(:% "#"&%;1L23% <,.6*4,.?*% . F63 O.*% ,;&5<&. <M3.:?#.B ,*86*.3?;&(3& ,*&53(3.&;B(:J O;&@.6*5*? *. "#"&%;1L2&)* <,. 6*4,.?#.

2.8.2. g(#M&(3&, ,*86*.3?;&(31 *A2&)* "#"&%;1LN&)* <,.6*4,. ?# 5*;>(* ,**.?&.,.?*?#.B (*6%#% 5;1 @#>5*4 8*5@;LM&((*4 <,.#(*?@3.

2.8.3. /& 5*8<,@#&.,1 ? (&*A,;<>3?#&%:J <,3;3.&;B(:J 8<(@- .#J, 83.#&%:J 53,.#(93*((* 8*,.*1((:% .*@*%, *Ae&53(1.B *A2&& "#"&%;1L2&& <,.6*4,.?* , 6#A*M3%. 2.9. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; & ( 3 1 "# 2 3 . 3 : J " # " & % ; 1 L23J < , . 6 * 4 , . ? 5 ; 1 ; 3 ( 3 4 % & > 5 < ) * 6 * 5 ( * 3 , ? 1 " 3

2.9.1. g(#M&(31 ,*86*.3?;&(34 "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5;1: 3,@6*?:J 6#"615(3@*? @#,@#5(*4 "#23.: .38*? F[-7, ^[-10,

I I P - 15 3 ^[-20; 3,@6*?:J 6#"615(3@*? F[-0,2 3;3 /[-0.3 — 863 <,.#(*?@& 3J

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*8*6#J ?*"5<N(:J ;3(34, 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#-"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

2.9.2. C*86*.3?;&(31 "#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5;1 ??*5(:J, @#A&;B(:J 3 56<)3J *8*6 %&>5<)*6*5(:J ;3(34 ,?1"3 3 3"A36#.&;B(*4 >&;&"(*5*6*>(*4 ,?1"3, (# @*.*6:J ? ,**.?&.,.?33 - .6&A*?#(31%3 RSCH 5238—73 .6&A<&.,1 ?@;LM#.B 3,@6*?:& 6#" 615(3@3 .38*? ^[-0,2 3 ^[-0,3 3;3 )#"*(#8*;(&((:& 6#"615(3@3, 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 7.

A+ " 464-79 KD.11

2.9.3. C*86*.3?;&(31 "#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5;1 6#"615(3@*? .38# F[-0,3, ?@;LM#&%:J 5;1 "#23.: "#836#L23J @#.<N&@ ? .6&.B3J 9&81J (,% . RSCH 5238—73, M&6.. 15), 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(33, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

2.9.4. C*86*.3?;&(31 ;3(&4(*-"#2(.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,. 6*4,.? 5;1 %&.#;;3M&,@3J *A*;*M&@ @#A&;1, "#23.(:J 86*?*5*? (.6*,*?) 3;3 N3(, 86*;*>&((:J ? )6<(.& 863 "#23.& @#A&;1 *. <5#6*? %*;(33, 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(33, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 8.

; H # A ; 3 9 # 8

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KD. 12 A+ " 464—79

53(1&%:& 8* ,J&%#% M&6.. 27, 30—32 RSCH 5238—73, 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

2.10.2. C*86*.3?;&(31 "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5;1 <)*;B(:J 6#"615(3@*? .38# ][-500 3;3 )#"*(#8*;(&((:J 6#"615(3@*? .38# [-27, <,.#(#?;3?#&%:J ? @#A&;B(:J 123@#J (# ,.:@#J 86*?*5*? ?*"5<N(:J ;3(34 RHC, CHC ( ,&.&4 >&;&"(*5*6*>(*4 ,?1"3 , @#-A&;B(:%3 ;3(31%3 (,%. RSCH 5238—73, M&6.. 23—27), # .#@>& 5;1 8<(@.*? <,.#(*?@3 A;*@36#.*6*? (,%. RSCH 5238—73, M&6.. 31) , 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 9.

H # A ; 3 9 # 9

2.10.3. C*86*.3?;&(31 "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4,.? 5;1 #A*(&(.,@3J

8<(@.*? (,%. RSCH 5238—73, M&6.. 22—24; 29), 5;1 8*(3>#L23J .6#(,Q*6%#.*6*? .#@,*Q*((:J @#A3( 3 %*;(3&*.?*5*?, <,.#(#?-;3?#&%:J (# *8*6#J ?*"5<N(:J ;3(34, 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 10.

H # A ; 3 9 # 10

2.10.4. C*86*.3?;&(3& "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 5;1 %&.#;;3

M&,@*4 *A*;*M@3 @#A&;1, O@6#(# @#A&;1 , (&%&.#;;3M&,@3%3 *A*-.; ..*M@#%3 3 .6*,# 863 8*5?&,@& 3J (# *8*6#J ,.*;A*?:J 3 ,.*&M(:J ;3(34, 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

2.10.5. C*86*.3?;&(3& ;3(&4(*-"#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,.6*4 ,.? 863 "#23.& @#A&;&4 RHC 3 CHC *. <5#6*? %*;(33 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 8.

2.11. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; & ( 3 1 " # 2 3 . ( : J " # " & % ; 1 -L23J < , . 6 * 4 , . ? (# ; 3 ( 3 1 J 6 # 5 3 * . 6 # ( , ; 1 9 3 * ( -( : J < " ; * ?

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A+ " 464—79 KD.13

^[-0,3 3 ^[-7,0 (,%. RSCH 14857—76 M&6.. 3.5.6) 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

2.11.2. C*86*.3?;&(31 ;3(&4(*-"#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,. 6*4,.? 5;1 "#"&%;&(31 %&.#;;3M&,@*4 *A*;*M@3 3 O@6#(# @#A&;&4, 86*@;#5:?#&%:J ? @#(#;#J .&;&Q*((*4 @#(#;3"#933 3 @*;;&@.* 6#J (? (#M#;& 3 ? @*(9& @#A&;1), 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 8.

2.11.3. C*86*.3?;&(31 ;3(&4(*-"#23.(:J "#"&%;1L23J <,. 6*4,.? 5;1 %*;(3&*.?*5*?, <,.#(#?;3?#&%:J (# *8*6#J ?*"5<N(:J ;3(34 PC, 5*;>(: A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 10.

2.12. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; &( 3 1 " # " & % ; 1 L 2 3 J < , . 6 * 4 , . ? 5 ; 1 6 # 5 3 * 6 & ; & 4 ( : J , . # ( 9 3 4

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2.13. / * 6 % : , * 8 6 * . 3 ? ; & ( 3 1 " # " , % ; 1 L 2 3J <, .- 6 * 4 , . ? 5 ; 1 # ( . & ( ( , 3 , . &%: @ * ; ; & @ . 3 ? ( * ) * 863& % # . & ; & ? 3 5 & ( 3 1

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2.13.2. E *5(*%< "#"&%;1L2&%< <,.6*4,.?< 5*8<,@#&.,1 863,*& 53(1.B %*;(3&*.?*5: *. 5?<J 3 A*;&& #(.&(( CEFH, 6#,8*;*>&( (:J (# *5(*% "5#(33.

2.13.3. E*(,.6<@931 "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?#, # .#@>& %*; (3&*.?*5#, ,*&53(1L2&)* #(.&((< CEFH , "#"&%;1L23% <,.6*4 ,.?*%, 3 ,8*,*A 3J 863,*&53(&(31 <,.#(#?;3?#L. ? (*6%#.3?(*- .&J(3M&,@*4 5*@<%&(.#933.

2.13.4. C*86*.3?;&(3& "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 5;1 #(.&(( CEFH 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

2.13.5. F63 (#;3M33 "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 5;1 "5#(31, (# @*.*6*% 6#,8*;*>&(: #(.&((: CEFH (863 "#23.& "5#(34 *. <5# 6*? %*;(33 3;3 5;1 "#23.: *A*6<5*?#(31 .&;&Q*((*4 ,?1"3 3 6#53*?&2#(31), 5*8<,@#&.,1 863,*&53(1.B %*;(3&*.?*5: *. #( .&(( CEFH @ 3%&L2&%<,1 "#"&%;1L2&%< <,.6*4,.?<. C*86*.3? ;&(3& "#"&%;1L2&)* <,.6*4,.?# 5*;>(* A:.B (& A*;&& "(#M&(34, <@#"#((:J ? .#A;. 6.

KD. 14 A+ " 464—79

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