: 100 1912 /- , , ./........................3-12 ? /- ./
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80 *
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* 80 2010 .
, /- , ./...................................56-62 /Harward Law
Review , ./
................................................................................................63-66
/
./..............................................................67-71
/- , ,
./.........................................................72-74 /
,
./...........................................................................75-78
, : / ,
./.........................................................................79-82
, : /-
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, ... / , ., , ,
./...................................................................88-91
, / , , ./..................92-94 - - / , .,
./.............................95-97 - / - , ,
./.................................................98-100
.................................101-102
CONTENT:The 100th anniversary or the Justice sector 1911 Peace
Treaty between Mongolia and Russia /O.Batsaikhan, Ph.D, Institute
of International Studies, The Mongolian Academy of
Sciences/.......................................3-12 Legislation on
state structure Is Constitutional Tsets the Sole Subject to
Interpret the Constitution /O.Munkhtsetseg, Student of School of
Law, National University of
Mongolia/........................................................13-16
Historical Development of Legislative Body Of Mongolia /B.Batbayar,
Researcher of Legal Research Center, Institute of Philosophi,
Sociology and Law, The Mongolian Academy of
Sciences/.........................................................17-27
The Issues of Liability of Public Servants in case of Conflict of
Interests /L.Batjav, PH.D, Head of Division, Office of the
President of
Mongolia/......................................................................................28
Sports Law: Public Service and Sport /G.Battulga, LLM,
International Master of Sport in Sambo/
.................................................................................................29-31
Judicial power Implementation of Certain Procedural Measures at the
Stage of Initiating a Criminal Case /B.Jargalsaikhan, The
Lieutenant colonel of police, The Senior specialist of Metropolitan
Police Department/
.................................................................................................32-36
Some Aspects of the Interdependence between Security of Court
Hearing and Public Trials /B.Davaajaw, Lecturer of Civil Law
Department, Police
Academy/................................................................................37-40
Some Issues Relating to Implementation of Human Rights by the
Judiciary /M.Munkhjargal, Student of School of Law, National
University of
Mongolia/...........................................................................41-45
The Role of Specialized and Ordinary Courts in Development of
Constitutionalism /P.Battulga, Student of School of Law, National
University of
Mongolia/................................................................................46-49
Some Issues on Improving the Law on Civil Procedure /D.Huyag, Ph.D
candidate, Senior lecturer of School of Law, National University of
Mongolia/.......................................50-53 Prosecutors
supervision On The Occassion of the 80th anniversary of Mongolian
Prosecutors Office* Brief History of the Prosecutors Office of
Songinokhairkhan District
...............................................54-55*
Civil legislation Legal Regulation of Limited Proprietory Rights
in Private Law /G.Jargal, Lecturer of Civil and Business Law
Department, Otgontenger Univesity/.........................56-62
Law and the Rise of the Firm /Translated by Ts.Odmaa, Researcher of
Civil and Economic Law Sector, National Legal Institute/....63-66
Family and Asset /O.Otgontuya, Lecturer of Civil Law Department,
Police
Academy/.........................................................................67-71
Legal Regulation of Cohabitation /E.Chuluuntsetseg, Lecturer of
Philosophi and Didactic Department, School of History and Social
Science, Mongolian State University of
Education/................72-74 Freedom of The Press /B.Solongo,
Researcher of Civil and Economic Law Sector, National Legal
Institute/.................................75-78 International law
and comparative law Pure Abstract Judicial Review and
Constitutional Review in Mongolia and Comparative Study
/N.Enkhtsetseg, Staff member of Save The Children Fund
Japan/....................................................................79-82
Theory of Immunity of States and Their Property: The State Immunity
from Compulsory Measure /B.Tamir, Lecturer of International Law
Department, School of Law, National University of
Mongoli/.....83-87 Criminology Should Mongolia Abolish a Death
Penalty or not... /G.Oyunbold, Ph.D candidate, Researcher of
Criminal law and Criminology Research sector, National Legal
Institute, A.Tuvshintulga, LLM, Researcher of Administrative and
Humanitanian Law Sector, National Legal
institute/...............................................................88-91
Causes of Crimes Involving an Illegal Entry into Mongolia
/Ts.Dorjnyam, Ph.D, Head of Office in Dornod Aimag, General
inteligence Agency/........................................92-94
Some Results of Forensic DNA Analysis Done by the National Forensic
Investigation Institute /S.Ganbold, Ph.D, Head of laboratory of
National Institute of Forensic Investigation, R.Bayarmaa, LLM
candidate/
...........................................................................................95-97
Legal service Local Legal Aid Centers: Present and Future
/D.Yondonjamts, LLM, Senior Specialist of Law Devision, Governors
Office of Selenge aimag/......................98-100 Law term Legal
Terms in
English.............................................101-102
80th anniversary of Mongolian Prosecutors Office will be
celebrated in 2010.
100
3
1912 1 1912 11 3- , , , . 1911 , . : , , , , : , , .21
. , , . , , , . 21 ,
- , , . , 21 . 21 , . . :
, - . 2006 11 02- . 2 .. . ., 1945 . . 89-90 .
, 2010 , 1
4
100
, . . 11 . . , , 3 4 5 6 7
. : 15 . , , , . .3 1911 . 1911 : , , ,
, , 9- .4 , , , , , . 5 , , . , . , , , , 6 . , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , 7 .
. 97 . . .4, .1, ..136. .. . ., 2003 . .. .. . ., . 1994 . 12 .
.. . ., . 1994 . 12 .
, 2010 , 1
100
5
1911 12 29- 11 . .8 . . 1921 . , p . , , . , . , . . . .98 9
, , . 1912 8 2- , . 10 1912 8 2- , , . , ,
.11 . . . . , , . . , .. 1912 8 . , , ..
.. . VIII . ., 2008 . .. . .,1921, .330-331. 10 ... -- 1914 . 1,
.,1994.,.176. 11 (18781917) -.1931, 2, .20, .2,.7.
, 2010 , 1
6 .12 . 1912 8 23- .. . : , , , .13 : p p p p p p p p 1. p , 2.
p p , 3. p p p12
100
14 p p . p , p p p p p , p p p p , p p . 1912 10 p p p p p p,
1915 p . 1911 p , p p .. pp , pp, p . .. 1911 12 p 30- p ..p : p p
, p . p p p . p p p p p . p p , p p p 15 1912 p p pp: p p p p p p.
, . p p
p . p p p, ..p 1912 6 p 25- ..p : p p p p , p p p p p , p p p p
. . p . p . p p p p p 1907, 1910, 1912 p p p p p . 1907 7 p p 30- p
p p p p p , p, , p p p , p p 3 p : p p p p p p p p .16 1910 p p .
1912 6 p p 25 p p p p p 2 p : p pp (p pp 116:27 ) - p p . p
1911 , . . 1900-1914 . ., 1982 . 170 . 13 . .,1914., .1-2. 14 p
p. ., 1914., .1. 15 ..p. p . ., 1969. .265. 16 ..p. p .
.169,180.
, 2010 , 1
100
7 1912 11 3 .. 5 , . , , , , . : , , , , , . : ( ) . . :
p p p pp p p p p p . p p pp p p p p p p p . 17 1911 8 p p 2- ..p
.. : p p p . p , p p p 18 . 1912 3 p p p p p : p p p p , p p p p
.19 1912 10 p p p p , 1913 10 p p 23- p p p , 1915 p p p p p p p p
p . .. 1912 9 . 17 18
, . . : , , , , . , , . , , , . , , , , , .
. p ., p. 2, .18., 1., .227. 19 .p. p., 82 .
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100
, , , , . 1911 , . . , , . . , , , . . .22 . , , . . ( ), .
,
. , . , , . . . . . . . 23 . .. .24
20 1911 , . . 19001914. ., 1982. 174-175 . . (1842-1925) .,1925,
.181-183. 21 . . 1912- 1913 . ., ., , , ., 2009 . 22 ... ., 2004.,
v.211. 23 ... . ., 2004. .212. 24
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9 .26 1912 , . , , . : , .27 . . 1912 11 19- , . , .28
: 21 . . , . . . , . . , . , , . , , . , . , , . , . .
. , 25 . , . .. , .. . . 1912 . 1912 10 26- ,
1912- 1913 . ., ., , , ., 2009 . 25 ... ., 2004 . .234-235. 26 .
23 . 1912 2 .1913. ., 1914, .32. 27 Peter S.H. Tang Russian and
Soviet policy in Manchuria and outer Mongolia 1911- 1931 Duke
university press Durham, North Carolina, 1959 p.314. 28 .
p.315.
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10 , , . , , . .. 1912 9 27- .29 1912 11 3- , . .30 , . 1912 29
30
100
.31 . . .32 p p p p , p p p p, p p p p p, p p p p . p p p p p ,
p p . p, p p p p p p p, p . p p p , p p p .33 p 1912 pp p p p p
.
p p 1912 11 p p 3- p p p p p p , p, p p p p p, : p p p p p p p p
(p) 34 p p p p p p . p 1912 p p , p p p p p p p p p p . p p p , , p
p p p p , p p p p , p p p p . p , 1912 11 p p p pp p p p , p , p
p
. 23 .1912- 2 1913 .) ., 1914, .5. .. - 31-32. 1914. .42. 31
Peter S.H. Tang Russian and Soviet policy in Manchuria and outer
Mongolia 1911- 1931 Duke university press Durham, North Carolina,
1959 p.313 32 Peter S.H.Tang Russian and Soviet policy in Manchuria
and outer Mongolia 1911- 1931 Duke university press Durham, North
Carolina, 1959 p.316. 33 . (1911 - 1946) . ., 2005 . 350 (22 ..).
34 .. p p . ., 1991 . 7 .
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11 . , : .36 1912 . , .. . , , , - , . . . 37 . . , , , 1911
p . p, p p , p p p p p p p p p p. 1912 17 . 1913 , . 1915 , , 21
. 1912 , . . , . . 35 35 36
, p p p p p p p . p . p: p, p p p p p p p p p, p p p p p p p p p
, p p p p p p . . p pp , p p p p. p pp , p p p . . , . .
1856-1917. ., 1952. .411. . .1, .1, ..74. 37 ... : . 1861 1919
.- \ 1, 2, ., 2000., .62.
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IV. , .13 . , , . . . , .14 15 . . , , , . 13
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Mauz/Schmidt-Bleibtreu/Klein/Ulsamer, BverfGG, Vorb.Rn 2 17 Karl
Doehring. The Special Character of the Constitution of the Federal
Republic of Germany asa Free Democratic Basic Order. 1988.p35. 18 -
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1- , , . , - . , a, 1990 . . - III , , , , , , . . ., . , . , ,
, , . 2 , 1
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. , , a . , a , . a a . a , , a . a , , . a . , a . a , , . a a
. . a , , a
1. . 2. - 1924 . .. . . ., 2007 . 544 . 2 .. . ., 1980 . 73-74 .
3 ., .. , . ., 1997 . 18 .
, 2010 , 1
18
. , 1206 a , 1219 a , 1210, 1218 a , 1228, 1246, 1251 a . a: - ;
- ; - , . a . ., . , , , 4 . a , , a 5. a , , . , a . . , 4 5
, . 6. a . . , , 1640 . XIV - ()- , , , . a , . , . , , . - , -
1639 ,
- 1640 . , 200 . - , . , . , . 7 . 1691 , , , , . , , 8. - ,
., .. , . ., 1997 . 52 . ., .. , . ., 1997 . 6 .. . . . ., 2007
. 32 . 7 .. , . Mongolica. An international annual of mongol
studies. Vol. 9 (30), 1999 . 123 . 8 .. . 124 .
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19
9 , 10- . . . . , , . . , , , , , , , , . , , . 1911 9
, . 1911 12 29- , . 1914 ... , , , 11 , 12 , . , ... , , , , 13
. 2 , , , . . . . , ,
. , . 14 . ., ., , . - . , . ., . , , a, , , , , , . , .
. . . Mongol cayajin-u bicig. ( ). . , , .a. ., 2004 . 102-116 .
10 . . . , . ( ). IV . ., .. ., 2008 . 253255 . 11 , . ( ). III .
., .. ., 2006 . 168 . 12 , . ( ). III . ., .. ., 2006 . 164 . 13 ,
. ( ). III . ., .. ., 2006 . 164 . 14 , . ( ). III . ., .. ., 2006
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20
15 , 16 . , . , (1920) , . , , , , , a, , ( , ), , , - , . 2000-
. - . . , (1921-1924 ) 1919 15 16
. . , . , , , - , 1920 6 25- 1921 3 1- . 1920 2 , , . , 17 . 7 3
1- 1921 3 13- , . , ...
, , 18 . 7 , , , , , , , , , , , . 1921 4 23- , 5 23- , , , 20-
7 , 7 1 . , . 1921 7 10- - , , . , 19 . 1921 7 23- , ,
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.. . ., 2005 . 17 . 1921 . ., 2006 . 18 . (1921-1926). ., 1970 . 7
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20 , . 1921 11 1- , , , . , , ( ) . 1921 8 , , , , , , 9 20- , .
, , , 56 , 1921 10 28- . , , , , . . 20 21
1923 . . , , , , 21 . . ... 22, - 1921-1924 23 . . . 1921-1924 ,
. , , , , , , . , , . ,
, , . .24 , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , . 1924 11 8- 77 , , , .
30 , 5 , 12 . , , . 11 26- 2
1921-1924 . ., 1954 . 22 . .. ., ., .. . (19112008). ., 2008 .
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(1924-1940 ) 1924 3 24- - , - , 1925 3 24 , , 1933 1 17- , . 1924 .
25 26
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, , , , ,
, . , . 1934 1 1934 3 . 2 . 1925-1939 - 7 , 22 , , 26 . 1925,
1930, 1933 - , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . . . , , , , , , .
.. . . . ., 2007 . 173-182 . ., .. , . ., 1997 . 240 .
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23
( , , ) . ... , , , , , 27 . , (1940-1960 ) 1940 , . 1940 3 - ,
6 . - 28 . 1500 , . , . : 1. 27 28
; 2. , ; 3. . 10000 3 . : 1. ; 2. , , ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. , ; 6. , ,
; 7. ; 8. 29 . . , , , , , , , , , .
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. , , . (1960-1990 ) 1940-1960 , , 1940 1960 5 . 1960 7
.. . ., 2001 . 140 . . , ., .. ., 2004 . 144 . 29 . , ., .. .,
2004 . 145 . 30 . (1941-1970). . ., 1974 . 49 . 31 , , , . .. .,
1956 . 247-248 .
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24
. 1921-1960 , , - , .32 , (, ), , 33 , - . - , , . - , , , , . ,
, , , , , , . , , , . 32 33 34
. . , , . 1980 5 . 370 . 370 . 1981 10 - 12 , 70 . , , , . , .
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, . , , , . - 430 - . - , - . . , , , , .
.. , . ., 1998 . 1 . . , ., .. ., 2004 . 248 . .. . ., 2001 .
143 .
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25
; 5. - - , - - , ; 6. - , . - , , , . , . 4 . , , . - , . 75 . .
: ... 1. , , , ... 12. , , , , ... 17. - , , ...36 20 . 1, 12, 17-
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. 543 . 4002 ,. .. ,. , . . 633-533 . 4002 ,. .. ,. , .
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, ), , , , . 2000- .
- . 3. 1921-1924 , ( ... ) . , . . , . , , - , . . - . 4.
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1949 , 1951 .
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27
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1990 7 , , 1990
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1 , 3 - , , , , . 1996 12 27- - 400 . .
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, , . . , . , , . , , , ; , , , . . , ,
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: ? ? , . , 2 , , , , , , .3 .1 , sporting law, sport law . . .
. 4 , . . , . ? , . . , , , , entertainment . , , , . , , , ,1
, , , . . 3 .5 . , . , .6 . (right to health protection) , . , ,
, .7 , , .
, (PhD) . . . 2 Timothy Davis, Alfred D. Mathewson, Kenneth L.
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30
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14.3- 14.1- , . , , , , . , , , - , .
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, , , .
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(172.1.3) , ,
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may be used against you . .- ... 4 . - 1.1- : , , . ,
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1
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... . .
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1936 , , - . - , - , , , , , 2. 2 .. . . 2004 . 4. 22 . 3 . 4 .-. .
. . 1999 . 3 .
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, , , , ; 172.3.4. , , ; 172.3.5. , , , ; 172.3.6. , , , ; 172.3.7.
, , ; 172.3.8. , , ; 172.3.9. , , . , , 5 - 172.5- : ...172.3.2,
172.3.3, 172.3.4, 172.3.5 5
. 2008 5 28- 123 , - : ...- 172 172.3.2- 172.3.6 . , - 38 3-:
172.3- ... . . ... , ... ... , - . , , , . , , . - 3 , 10 (- -
144.1 144.3.). , - 172.5- ...172.3.2,
172.3.3, 172.3.4, 172.3.5- . . . , 60 : 1. - - 166 1- ? 73,3% ,
26,7% ; 2. , ? 53,3% , 46,7% - 172 3 ; 3. ,
.. - - . . 1997. 259 ; .. . . 1966 . 87 .
, 2010 , 1
35, , . 80% . - . , : , ? , , , , ( .) , . (- 170.2) - , . . , ,
, . ,
? 60% , 40% , ; 4. ? 65%, 35% - . (, , , ) . , 20 -- . , , , , .
: , 10 50%- 5 , 5 25%- 14 , 5 25%- 19 , . - 3 , 7, 10
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. , - . - 79.2- . , , - . , , .
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36 . . , .
1. , ; 2. ; 3. , - ; 4. - 80 ; 5. - , .
1. - ; 2. ; 3. - 80 80.1- , ... , 80.1.1- ... .
, , . . , - . - 2009 12 30- . . : . (- , ) :15x21 /5/ : 2010 :
10.000 ISBN 978-99929-1-867-5 : 315736, 88007557
, 2010 , 1
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, , , , . , III
. , , , , , , . , , , .
1. , 1 . . 1 2 3 4
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. 2. , : . , . . . , , . . , , , , .
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. . ., 1992 . . . ., 1997 . 7 . . ., 2004 .
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40 . . , , . 5. , : , . . , , . , , . : 2006 3 06- 16 1 ; , , ;
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, 2010 , 1
41
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07, 26 , . : www.supremecourt.mn/index.php?coid 4 .. . ., 2006 . 84
.
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42 . , 5, . . , : - 10 2- , 3- II , , - , , , . - , . , - 6 7,
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9 1984 12 10- - . 2000 11 2 . 10 . . 11 .. - . ., 2008 . 73 . 12 ..
, . . 2005 . 1. 54 . 13 ( ). ., 2009 . 25 . 14 .. . ., 2008 . 552 .
15 .. . . 2005 . 2. 30 .
, 2010 , 1
43 - 70.1, 70.2 2008 1 30- , 07, 26 , , , . 5.5- , - , . , , . ,
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(3185). 25 case- - . . 26 - 2008 . ., 2009 . 97 . 27
http://www.montsame.mn/index.php?option=com_news&task=news_detail&tab=200909&ne=98
28 . : http://www.mongolnews.mn/unuudur.php?n=8913
, 2010 , 1
45, - , , , . - 70.2 , - , , , , , . - 70.2 . , , , , , - - . ,
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, 2010 , 1
46
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48 ; 2. ( 10 3 ). 3. . , . . . , , , ( .), .9 - . . 10 : 1980 80
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, 2010 , 1
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K, H, Burgerliches Recht, Sachenrecht,Wiesbaden, 1999, S-15. 4 ..
-,. .1999, -175.
, 2010 , 1
57 . 2002 , . . 2002 . , . , . . 2. . . 3. . . , . 1.
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, 2010 , 1
59
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, 2010 , 1
60
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, 2010 , 1
61
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, 2010 , 1
62
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, 2010 , 1
63
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. , , , . , , 1 . , . , , . . . , . . 2 . . , . (
Henry Hansmann Reinier Kraakman Richard Squire Harvard Law
Review, March, 2006 , , . 1 2
. (). Default .
, 2010 , 1
64 ), . . , . . . : . 2 . 2 . . 3 . :
- . . . - ( . )3 . , . 2 . . - . , (Charitable trust) .
(beneficiaries) . . . sine qua non ( ) , , 3 . . . . . . . .
3 Liquidation protection- . ().
, 2010 , 1
65 . . . ( ) . . , , . , 4 . . - .
. 1978 2 . . . , 2 . . . . . 4
. . . , . . . , . , . . ( ) .
Agency law- . ().
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, . 1990 . - . 1- 16 16.11- , , . , , , , , . . 2006 50.5022 31
. 2008 33.7543 6689 . , 2008 1955 1 2 3 4
. 221 , . , , , , , .
2002 . , , , .4 1882 (common law) , , . 1882 . . , , . . . :
. . 1992 . 1. , . 2007 . , . 2008 . - . , . 2006 . 41-44 .
, 2010 , 1
68 1926 . : , , . 5 .6 - - 1995 .7 . , , . , , 5
. - 2005 1.5 86.04 .8 , . , , , . . . . , , .
: 9 (71 -1) 2-3 . . . . . . . . . . . ; .
., .. , (1926, 1952, 1963, 1994, 2002) ., 2002 . 15 . 6 ... . .,
2001., 58. 7 . ., 2005, 8. 8 www.maik.ru 9 .. . , , 2005.
.,107-110.
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69 . (72 -2) 1993 11 : (72 -3) . 2006 74 2002 6 1.2 . 20 20.1-
2002 . 2006 12 22 2007 3 30- 5610 480 8.5 . 9 1.9 , 17 3.6 , 400
83.3 , 53 11.02 . 480 53 .
-1
20 , . 18, 16 . , , , , 5 5.2- . , , . . , , 390- 5610 10 159 ,
, , 480 , , ( . 29 6 ) , 23 , 119 316 , , . . 196 2 . . , , 9 ( , )
,
10 11
( 6)- 21 , 9 . - . - 2003-2006 .
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-3
8 .
, , , , , , . 400 215 53.75 , 47 11.75
, 355 88.75 , 31 7.75 . 25 25.1- 25 , , . 305 36.5 1-3 . 2007 .
17 9 53 . 30 5 16.6 , , . 129 129.3- , , 129.4- ...
, 2010 , 1
71 3 3.1.4 . , , . , . 5. , 9 , . . 6. 6 . , . 6 .
, . 1. 16 16.11- , , . 2003 16 . 10-15 . , , , . , , , . , .
.
2. 7 , , - . . 2007 11.6 18.6 . 48 48.1- ... , , , . 3. - - - ,
, . 4. 125 125.1 , . ? . , .
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1990 , , , , , , , , . 1973 159 - 1999 25 . , , . 1999 3 . : 3
3.1.2- , . : 1. ; 2. , , .2 , . - , , . . . ; , , 3. , , . : . , ,
, , , , , ; , , , , . , , .1 , , , , . , . , , : . - 35 35.1- , , ;
- 37 1 . . ., 1999 . 30. 3.1.1,.3.1.3 37.1- 2.. . ., 2004. 33 .
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01- 3 3.1- 3 4 5 6
. (- ). 38 .
. - , . . , , .. , , .. , 5 . - , , . , , , . - . , , , . 6 . .
., 2004 , . . 2008 , .4. .. 1998, .95. . - - . ., 2006 . . , , , ,
3 . , . . 13 13.1- , . , , , , , , , , , .4 1995 - .
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family, familia . 7 8
. , . , , , , , . . 10 , . . . , , , , , 11 . . , . , . , , ,
,
. , . - .. , . , . 20 20.1- . . , , . . . , .
.. . ., 2007 . 145 . . ., 1999 . 239 . 9 . ., 2003 . 10 10 .. .
., 2007 . 38 . 11 .. . ., 2007 . 38 .
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, , , . . .. , , 1 . Calamus fortior gladio , , , . , , , , () ,
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, ..3 19 : , ; , , , , 19 : 1. ; 2. ; , , , ; 3. 2 , .
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76 , . 1958 . , , . 5(1) : , , 5 . v v - v v 1974 , v , , - . Vv
v , v . 17- , v , v , v , , . , , 1998 . 2000 - v v 5 6 7
v v . V v 2- v vv vv, v v v . , , , . , .6 , v vvv . , v vv
v
vv v . - , v . . , , - , . , , ? . . .7 , , . 5 2- . , 20 000-50
000 . (9 ) .
. . ., 2005 . . ., 2001 . 8 . 3 2, 4 2.
, 2010 , 1
77 . , 2009 2 , 5 .11 2004 , , . 2009 , , , , , . 2004 , . , .
2008 , , 3 .
.8 . . . . . . , , , , , .9 , , , - . - , . vv, , v- v vv vv .
v8 9
v vv v v v. v v . vv ( ) vv . ( ) , vv v . : , . , . . 139 , ,
24 , 20 . 10 , . , , . ,
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(3399). 11 . . . 2009 .
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, . . , , . . . () . . : . , vvv
. , , ( ). ; , . , . . , , . . . () . .
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: , . 3 . 4 70 , . 2. . . . (i) , 5 . ,
20 . , , 1 . 1 2
, . 1. 1992 . 2
.. : . 2004 . 167 . Michael A. McFaul, The Fourth Wave of
Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the
Postcommunist World, World Politics, Vol. 54 no. 2, at 212. 3 .
Steven Fish. Mongolia: Democracy without Prerequisites, 9 J. DEM.
127 (1998). 4 Some pro-democracy experts have also taken the
Mongolian case as an example of confrontation of concept Asian
value. Tomas Ginsburg, Democracy in Unlikely Places: Mongolias
Quite Transformation,
http://nira.go.jp/publ/review/98winter/gin.html. 5 60 .2 . , - , -
50, - 20 , 45- .. GISBERT H.FLANZ, RETT LUDWIKOVSKI, COMPARATIVE
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOM, 2, 13, 2141 (Oceana, 2002)
[hereinafter R.Ludwikowski].
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- . 10 , - . , - - , actio popularis , . 1990- . , - . 11, - , -
. , 12 , . 13 . . 14 , .
, . ., . , . . , - - . , (counter-majoritarian difficulty 15)- .
(ii) 16 .
WOJCIECH SADURSKI, RIGHTS BEFORE COURT: A STUDY OF
CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS IN POST COMMUNIST STATES OF CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE, 67 (Springer, 2005) [hereinafter Sadurski]. 7
1992-2006 , . 8 Abortion I case had filed 193 members of Parliament
challenged the Abortion Reform Act 1974 which abolished criminal
penalties for abortions carried out in the first 12 weeks of
pregnancy. The Act was annulled pending in the interim pending the
Courts final decision. 9 Klaus von Beyme, supra note 101, at 106.
10 , 1991 12 20- , 37. 11 ( ). 1994.01-J.01, ( ). No1. 2005 . 63-67
. 12 . 1994 1 1- , 02. 1. 2005 . 74-80 . 13 . 1994 1 04- . 02. 1.
2005 . 286-291 . 14 While R.Gonchigdorj was a member of Social
Democrat Party which was the minority in the 1992-1996 Parliament,
D.Byambadorj, who was a member of Mongolian Peoples Revolutionary
Party that was the minority party between 1996-2000. 15 Alexander
M.Bickel, THE LEAST DANGERIOUS BRANCH: THE SUPREME COURT AT THE BAR
OF POLITICS, 16 (1962) 16 . . , . : Roe v.Wade, 410 U.S. 113
(1973). : Brief of petitioner in NORMAN DORSEN, MICHEL ROSENFIELD.,
ANDRAS SAJO, SUSANNE BAER, COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM, CASES AND
MATERIALS, at 84 (Thomson West, 2003).
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, .17 18 . () ( , 66.1) . 1992-2006 - , - 2 , . . (iii) , (66.1)
actio popularis 19 . 17 18
, 20 . , . (B.Ackerman) . .21 actio popularis , , , 22 . actio
popularis . (Gabor Halmai) . 23
1992-2006 95 , . 24 , , , . 25, ,26 ,27 28 , - , .29 actio
popularis . . (quasi-legislator) , .30 (iv)
BASIC LAW, ch. IX, art. 100. Alec Stone, Judging Judicial
Review: Marbury in the Modern Era: Why Europe Rejected American
Judicial Review: And Why It Not Matter, 101 Mich.L.Rev. at 2744,
2771 (2005). 19 MAURO CAPPELLETTI, JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE
CONTEMPORARY WORLD, 39 (1971) [hereinafter Cappelletti]. 20
SADURSKI, supra note 6, at 5-6. 21 Bruce Ackerman, The Future of
Liberal Revolution (Yale University Press: New Haven, 1992) at 108.
22 SADURSKI, supra note 6, at 6. 23 Gabor Halmai, The Hungarian
Approach to Constitutional Review: The End of Activism? The First
Decade on the Hungarian Constitutional Court, in CONSTITUTIONAL
JUSTICE, EAST AND WEST: DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY AND CONSTITUTIONAL
COURTS IN POSTCOMMUNIST EUROPE IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE, 193
(Wojciech Sadurski ed., 2002). 24 1992-2007 - 90 , 86 , . 25 , . ,
2005.09-J.06, - website: www.constcourt.gov.mn. 26 , , . ,
2002.06-J.03, No 2, 163-174 (2005). 27 . 28 1992-2007 - , , 7 . 29
. 2007 1 03- . website: www.constcourt.gov.mn. 30 SADURSKI, supra
note 6, at 6; TOM GINSBURG, JUDICIAL REVIEW IN NEW DEMOCRACIES:
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN ASIAN CASES, 36 (2003).
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1951 31 .32 1969 , . 33 95 34 . (50.2) - .
, , , . , actio popularis : (i) , (omission), , ; (ii) , . - . .
,35 , - (1996.06, 5) .
. . 2007 - 37 , 17 ( ) . . , , .
19-8231 32
Constitutional Court Act, ch.15, art 90-96. DONALD KOMMERS, THE
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