ბიო-ტერორიზმი: ირეალური იარაღი თუ შეუფასებელი საფრთხე

ბიოტერორიზმი

ირეალური იარაღი თუ შეუფასებელი საფრთხე

ანა სულაქველიძე

ინფორმაციული უსაფრთხოების კვლევებისა და ანალიზის ცენტრის სტუდენტი

informaciuli usafrTxoebis kvlevebisa da analizis centri - eleqtronuli biblioTeka

saavtoro uflebebi

mocemuli publikacia warmoadgens arasaidumlo wyaroebsa da pirad

dakvirvebebze agebul sainformacio-SemecnebiTi xasiaTis dokuments,

romlis sxvagvarad gamoyenebazec avtori pasuxs ar agebs. masSi

mocemuli dakvirvebebi da rekomendaciebi ar unda iqnes gagebuli rogorc

oficialuri pozicia informaciuli usafrTxoebis kvlevebisa da analizis centrisa,

romelic Tavismxriv warmoadgens am dokuments.

© ana sulaqveliZe

yvela ufleba daculia

akrZalulia am dokumentis an misi romelime nawilis kopireba, gavrceleba

an sxvagvari gamoyeneba mis avtorTan winaswari SeTanxmebisa da

werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

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Bbioterorizmi - irealuri iaraRi Tu Seufasebeli safrTxe

Bbio-terorizmi aris iseTi tipis terorizmi, romelic masobrivi ganadgurebisTvis iyenebs biologiuri agentebisgan damzadebul iaraRs da Tavisi atarebs maRali letalobis risks. arsebobs sxvadasxva biologiuri agentebis CamonaTvali, sadac Setanilia

biologiuri iaraRis Sesaqmnelad gamosadegi bio-agentebi. 1

ra aris biologiuri iaraRi da ra SeiZlia gamoiwvios misma gamoyenebam?

biologiuri iaraRi aris masobrivi ganadgurebis ojaxidan (CBRN) erT-erTi tipi iaraRisa, romelic gamanadgurebel elementebad iyenebs paTogenebsa da toqsinebs. arsebobs ori ZiriTadi gza rom adamiani dainficirdes am tipis iaraRis gamoyenebiT:

1) uSualo dainficireba virusis adamianidan adamianze gadadebiT;2) kanze moxvedra, SesunTqva, an sisxlis meSveobiT SeRweva organizmSi. pirveli SemTxveva naklebad gavrcelebadia da igi Zalian gavs epidemias, xolo meore SemTxveva ufro miesadageba teroristuli iaraRis fenomens. imisTvis rom esa Tu is paTogeni an toqsini masiur gamanadgureblad iqnas gamoyenebuli, aucilebelia misi gardaqmna biologiur iaraRad. es procesi dakavSirebulia sxvadasxva gamowvevbTan. nebismieri paTogeni Tu toqsini flobs iseT Tvisebebs, romlebic xelisSemSlelia maTgan biologiuri iaraRis miRebisTvis: arastabiluroba da qimiuri cvlilebebisken farTo midrekileba. amitom aucilebelia moxdes maTi Sesabamisi mutacia laboratoriis pirobebSi, raTa maT mzis sxivis, yinvis, an sxva movlenis mimarT gamZleoba SeiZinon. amasTan, rTuli procesia biologiuri iaraRismitana msxverplamde, kerZod: biologiuri iaraRi yvelaze efeqturad gadadis SesunTqviT, risTvisac specialuri aerozolis damzadebaa saWiro, rac damatebiT sirTules warmoadgens imis gamo, rom paTogeni/toqsini unda iqnas mutirebuli aerozolSi mosaTavseblad. 2

miuxedavad imisa rom biologiuri iaraRi Tanamedrove terorizmisTvis ar warmoadgens prioritetul iaraRs, misi gamoyenebis qronologia mainc

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sakmaod bevr precedents iTvlis. 3 jer kidev uxsovari droidan biologiuri iaraRi farTod gamoiyeneboda rogorc saxelmwifo moxeleebis, aseve kriminalebisa da teroristebis mier. sainteresoa Tavad teroristebis damokidebuleba biologiuri iaraRis mimarT. magaliTad, al-qaida, Tumc metad orientirebulia atomur iaraRze, aranaklebi yuradRebiT ekideba bio-iaraRis potenciur SesaZleblobebs. al-qaidas samxedro komitetis mTavarsardlis mosazrebiT, biologiuri agentebi udidesi potenciisa da sargeblis mqone iaraRad unda CaiTvalos4. miuxedavad imisa rom teroristuli organizaciebi bio- iaraRis potenciur Zalas aRiareben da gegmaven mis samomavlo implementacias, naTelia rom SiSi da gaubedaoba axlavs Tan teroristebis enTuziazms gamoiyenon biologiuri iaraRi. Tu ratom, pasuxi martivia: 1) terorists Wirdeba bevri mayurebeli da ara bevri msxverpli, xolo biologiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba potenciurad masobrivi mkvlelobis gamomwvevi SeiZleba gaxdes; da 2) bio-iaraRi ucxo da amoucnobi samyaroa teroristebisTvis. 5 informacia da Sesabamsi codna radiologiuri, atomuri, Tu qimiuri masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRebis Sesaxeb gacilebiT metia, vidre biologiuri iaraRis Sesaxeb. biologiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi fsiqologiuri faqtori Zalian mniSvnelovania: realurad adamianis garSemo araferi gansakuTrebuli, an

Sokismomgvreli, rogoric afeTqebaa, ar xdeba, Tumca adamiani kvdeba an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi iwamleba. swored es aris, rac iwvevs warmoudgenel Soks adamianSi. biologiuri iaraRis momavali, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom damaimedebelia teroristebisTvis da Tavzardamcemi – maTi samizneebisTvis. saxelmwifo moxeleebi Sewuxebulni arian biologiuri iaraRis potenciuri gavrcelebiT, da

aRniSnaven rom bio-iaraRi yvelaze saSiSi da araprognozirebadia. 8 amas emateba is faqti, rom biologiuri iaraRis Seqmna ar jdeba Zviri, rTulad mignebadia, da misi gavrceleba flora-faunis gamoyenebiTac aris SesaZlebeli. bio-terorizmis

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani upiratesoba aris is rom, masze reagirebisa da prevenciis meTodebis Sesaxeb dakvirveba-gamocdileba sakmaod mwiria. am mimarTulebiT SeiZleba gamoiyos interpoli, romelsac specifiuri proeqtebi, programebi da publikaciebi aqvs bioterorizmis Taobaze. 9

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bio-terorizmi momavals seriozul safrTxes uqmnis. mniSvnelovani da aucilebelia saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan saTanado yuradReba daeTmos bio-terorizmis potenciur safrTxeebsa da anti- teroristuli aqtivobebis ukeT mobilizacias. is faqti, rom bio-terorizmi dResdReobiT ar aris iseTi gavrcelebuli, rogorc jihadi, an sxva popularuli teroristuli aqtivobebi, da ar aris iseTi popularuli masebSi, rogorc atomuri iaraRi, sulac ar niSnavs imas rom xval teroristuli dajgufebebi ar SeiZenen saTanado codnasa da gamocdilebas biologiuri iaraRis Sesaqmnelad da mis gamosayaneblad. miTumetes Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, religiur-fanatikuri ideebiT Sepyrobili teroristuli dajgufebebis matebas, erTazrovnad dgeba seriozuli safrTxe biologiuri iaraRis masobrivi gamoyenebis. iracionaluri da araprognozirebadi teroristuli organizaciebisTvis, rogoricaa magaliTad al-qaida, biologiuri iaraRis gamoyenebiT gamowveuli Soki da daTesili SiSi Zalian mimzidvels xdis aseTi tipis iaraRis gamoyenebas. swored am potenciuri safrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT biologiuri iaraRi unda iqnas aRqmuli rogorc realuri safrTxe mTeli msoflios masStabiT.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Bioterrorism Agents. h t tp : / / w w w . b t . c d c . g o v /a g e n t / age n t l ist . a sp

2 Biological Terrorism. Scientific Encyclopedia. Technology and Society. h t tp : / /s c ie n ce .jra n k . o r g / p a ge s/ 633 1 6 / b i o l o g ic a l - terr o ris m . h t m l B3 History of Bioterrorism. h t tp : / / w w w . b i o -terr y . c o m /Hist o r y Bi o Ter r . h t m l 4 Bruce Hoffman. CBRN Terrorism Post9/11

9 Interpol. Bioterrorism Prevention. h t t p : / / w w w .i n ter po l . i n t / p u b l i c / b i o terr o ris m / d e f a u l t . a sp

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organizaciis Sesaxeb

informaciuli usafrTxoebis kvlevebisa da analizis centri warmoadgens kavkasiis regionSi pirvel da dResdReobiT erTaderT organizacias, romelic orientirebulia informaciul usafrTxoebaze. aRniSnuli organizaciis dafuZneba ganapiroba saqarTvelo-ruseTis omis Semdeg qveynis winaSe damdgarma axalma realobam. rogorc 2008 wlis agvistos omma dagvanaxa, qveyanaSi faqtobrivad ar arsebobs sainformacio omis warmoebisa da kiber-terorizmisgan dacvis Camoyalibebuli meqanizmebi, rac Tanabrad uqmnis safrTxes rogorc sajaro, ise kerZo seqtors. ar arsebobs Sesabamisi sakanondmeblo baza, saxelmwifo institutebi da materialur teqnikuri infrastruqtura kiber terorizmTan da kompiuterul danaSaulTan sabrZolvelad. rac garda saxelmwifos Tavdacvisunarianobisa, aseve axdens mkveTr negatiur gavlenas qveynis ekonomikaze. ukanasknel periodSi rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo seqtoris yvela mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs Tanamedrove teqnologiebis intensiuri danergva. rac ufro metia procesebis avtomatizaciis masStabi miT ufro rTulia maTi kontroli. aseT pirobebSi, roca SpionaJi da qveynis usafrTxoebis sxva gamowvevebi teqnologiur xasiaTs iZenen, Cndeba axali safrTxeebi. Sesabamisad aRniSnuli informaciis saTanado dacva sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa aramxolod saxelmwifo, aramed kerZo organizaciebisTvisac. zemoT aRniSnuli safrTxeebisa da gamowvevebis winaaRmdeg Cveni organizaciis garSemo Seikriba gamocdili profesionalebis gundi. rac saSualebas iZleva pirvelad saqarTveloSi Camoyalibdes kiber terorizmTan, mekobreobasTan, korporaciul SpionaJTan da sxva saxis teqnologiur safrTxeebTan brZolis instituciuri meqanizmebi.

organizaciis saqmianobis Sesaxeb

informaciuli usafrTxoebis kvlevebisa da analizis centri warmoadgens unikalur serviss rogorc kerZo, ise saxelmwifo seqtorisTvis, romelic moicavs mravalprofilian momsaxurebas:kadrebis rekrutireba

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sxvadasxva rgolis personalis momzadeba (treiningebi);informaciuli usafrTxoebis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis auditi da Sesabamisi daskvna-rekomendaciebis momzadeba;standartebisa da Sida protokolebis SemuSaveba;organizaciuli erTeulebis Seqmna safrTxeebis monitoringisa da incidentebze reagirebisTvis;sakonsultacio momsaxureba rogorc IT infrastruqturul sakiTxebze, ise iuridiuli mxareze sxvadasxva tipis IT proeqtebTan dakavSirebiT;Sesabamisi programul-aparaturuli gadawyvetilebebis SemuSaveba, danergva da miwodeba;IT auTsorsingi, daculi hostingi aSS-s serverebze, da sxva... amavdroulad centris umTavres prioritets warmoadgens qveynis winaSe arsebuli sxvadasxva saxis teqnologiuri, geopolitikuri da samxedro gamowvevebis Seswavla, maTi srulyofili analizi da amaze dayrdnobiT sazogadoebisTvis amomwuravi da obieqturi informaciis drouli miwodeba, risTvisac informaciuli usafrTxoebis kvlevebisa da analizis centris analitikuri jgufi periodulad amzadebs sajaro publikaciebis serias Tanamedrove safrTxeebisa da globaluri tendenciebis Sesaxeb. Cven varT maqsimalurad gaxsnili sakuTar saqmianobaSi da vexmarebiT am sferoTi dainteresebul pirebs. vaZlevT maT Sesabamis codnasa da saSualebebs raTa Tavad gaxdnen nawili am sistemis da monawileoba miiRon centris mier ganxorcielebul sxvadasxva proeqtebSi. Cveni mizania viTanamSromloT rac SeiZleba met organizaciasTan, saxelmwifo struqturasTan da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebTan raTa kidev ufro efeqturad vebrZoloT Tanamedrove safrTxeebs, SevqmnaT saerTo standartebi da am standartebis Sesrulebis instrumentebi, avamaRloT sazogadoebrivi informirebis xarisxi am sakiTxSi da mivawodoT Cveni servisi maT, visac es namdvilad Wirdeba.

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es publikacia sxva mraval saintereso TemasTan erTad ganTavsebulia informaciuli usafrTxoebis kvlevebisa da analizis centris el-biblioTekaSi

http://www.issac.ge

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Documents

ბიო-ტერორიზმი: ირეალური იარაღი თუ შეუფასებელი საფრთხე