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9

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Cc \HlHII Jl.CKa OA nOJIHIIOT IV BCK HCJWCTaCYBa8T HaOAIl, HO ua nOCnCJl.HUTC

Jl.CU;CHlIIl 0Jl. BCKOT My npuuara I'p06 17 (co TpOjHO norpe6yBaJbc) BO KOj ce

HajncHlI KallTapocH. nalllt\IKH, SPBOBH 0Jl. Konja (CJl.CH 0Jl. TlmOT capllca) 11

eACH npoxyc. HajBcpojaTlio on nOCTapo norpc6ysal-hc.

OA 113JlOIKCHOTO npOll3JICryua nCKa Tpc6cmlwK3Ta HCKponona 3<HI><lI{a

3Ha'II1TeJIHO ronCM npocTop. Cc npoTcra so Jl.OJDIOIHa 0Jl. OKOJIY 500 M ..

3aq)aKajKII rll MCCIlOCTItTC CyBa l.ICWM8, TpJl 4eJbYCTIIII BpTYJhK3. Jlou.llpall<l C Bp3 IICTa 1130XllIIca, Koja cc nOKJlOnys8 co npaBcu;oT lIa COSPCMCIHlOT naT

OxpHJl.-KI1'ICBO. i-lajcTapllTC norpc6ysal-ha WTO Jl.aTllpaaT OA VII BCK CC KOHCTaTltpaliH Ha Tpll l.ICJhYCTIl 1\ BpTYJhKa. WTO 3Ha~IH ACKa Ba TOj npocTop

ce BPWCHII IlpBIiTC llorpc6ysalba. nOIlOQHa HCKpononaTa CC npowllpysa KOII CyBa l.ICWMa. Kane CC IIOrpC6allli 60raTilTc. HO 11 cI1poMawHIITc Tpc6cIIIIWKII

)l(HTCJIlI.

CurypHo !lou.llpalf~c lIa lIace116aTa, 'lUll 3a'ICTOI(1I TpcGa 1\a ce

conpcMcHH co lIajcTapliTc norpc6y8a~ba. cc YWTC IIC C YTSpnCIiO. OCTaTou.1I

OA Hacc116a co PIIMCKII 06jCKTlI cc KOHCTaTllpaHIl 80 C. rOpCIIl~II, OnAaJIC ~ICHIl

0Jl. IICKpOnOJIaTa oKony 1 KM. 1-10. Toa HC 3I1a'I11IlCKa Haccn6aTa Hcr.m nocTapli

TparH. He 611 Tpc6aJlo Jl.a cc IICKJly~1I1 MO:>KHocra Jl.CKa It Tpc6cBlilUKO KaJIe

IIMano ynol'a Ha 01l6pan6cII nyHKT YWTC BO apxajcKo Jl.06a.

J], EJ7 A TO){(J], A

1l0KaJIHTCTOT Cn. Hnllja cc Haora Kaj C. UCJIarO)f(na, HCJl.anCKY on

CTpyra. HCKoIlysalbaTa BPWClIlI OA CTpaHa H3 My3ejoT BO CTpyra. IlOJl.

paKOBOACTBO Ha B.6I1TpaKOBa-fp03Jl.aHOBa, H3Hccoa Ha BItAeJI,O lIe~ponona

3a Koja C KOHCTaTltpallO nCKa liMa nonr BPCMCHCKIi pacnOH. Mcry llaJcTapltTe

norpc6yoalb3 OTKpltCH C cnell jlOU;HOapxajcKIl TYMYJl· HaKo C 3I1a~lIITC!lHO YHltIlITCH. 3a"YBaIlHTc JlenOBIl OS03MO)l(IIJIe Aa CC BOO~laT 113BCCIIII ACTaJlII .

TyMyJIOT C ¢opMllpaH 0Jl. KaMCHCH SCHeu; co npe11BltK Oil tiM. EACH on

~ n. KYJM311 . Tpll llcILYCTlI1I Bp-rYJbKa. Tpe6e"lIwT3 1972. OXPIIA 1985

I I

l!.1jnoGpo CO~lyBaJmTe rpo6oull (rp06 84) liMa nOllnO' ICIIO ,n1l0 II onanCI1 BCIICI(

0.1 KaMCII, JClClIllaH co lIaqlpnCll1 Ka\lCIl. norpc6YBCl~bCTO C CKcnCTIiO. rp060T C nOll;IIpall1l3 ncpllqlcplljaTa Ha TYMynOT. UCHTpancu rpo611c C KOHCTClTIlP<lH

80 rp060T cc OTKP"CHII: GpOll3CI-I wnCM o,n ,,1I11l1pCKIl" Tlln, 6POH3CIIO Dnne,

C'-lIepOC BO CTIIJI Ha lI;PUl1 qmrypll II IIp. rp060T c ,naTllpall BO 510-500 r. npeA

II.C."

PA/lOJII1IDTA

Bo 1937 r. Kaj Pan011I1W1'J. Hc,naJJCKY OA CTpyra, OTKp"clla C

Hc"'pOnOn<l, Koja, KaKO WTO 113rnCna 6lfna MOWHC OUlTCTCHa. HCKonynalbaTi.I

fit 113BCAYS3JI MIIOAapar rpGIIK. Bo Taa npUnllK<l OTKPIICHII cc 21 rpoG co

ACJly~flIO cotlYBaH rp06cII IUIBCHT<1p. ,0,0 06j<1uynal-bcTo 11<1 MaTcplljanoT 011.

cTpaH<J ua Jby611wa nOIlOlJlIK 801957 r. 113MIIH311 rolleM BPCMCHCKII nep1IOJI.7

I13ry6cIIClTa TcpeHcKCl ItOKYMcllTaUllja BliccYBa 113BCCIW COMHCBal-bC BO

rp06HlfTC COAP)KIfHII. 110 OA HaUia rncAHa TOllKa Toa HC ro HaMaIlYBa

3I1Cl'lelbCTO lIa OBa OTKPIiTlIC.

np3S11 Bne'IaTOK npnCYCTSOTO Ha nOSCKC )I{CnC3HII ",ollja BO MaUIKIlTC

rp060BII. CO~IYBaHIi cc {pparMCIITIi 0A IICKonKY 6POH3CHI! CClAOBI!.

KcpaMII'IKHTC HClOAIl cc BO CIlBa epaKTypa. WTO 311a'lII ACKa cc nOKa1l1l1l

~polI :moAIIII npHnaraaT lIa CIiBaTa najoHcKa KcpaMIiKa co xcnCHCKIl <I'OPMII­

KIIIIIIKCI!, CKU¢OCII, Kall'rapOCII. OA HaKIlTOT KapaKTCpllCTJIlIHlI cc lI!'nli O/~ Tlmo~ OMcra II nCIIonOHCCKl1 TIIil. 6cncI'31lJ1 co 3MIICKII rnaBH, npCTCHII II

06CTKI1 OA CBIfTKaHa ~lIl1;a co KOHYCHa rnaBa. I-ICKOIlKY KI1nll6apCKil MOI1IICT<l

360pysaaT ,nCKa II OBOJ SIIA HaKIiT 611n npncyTcH so rpo6oBIlTC. Hc TaKa 'ICCT HaOA cc 06CTKI11'C so ...hopMa .... '+' < IIa nOIlYMCCe'IIiHa. aACKBaTlI1I Ha HaOA"Te OJI )KAaHclI; II Jl.e~lIIp Kanllja.

PcncpToapOT H3 Hao,nIlTC nOKa:>KYBa ,nCKa I-ICKpOnOnaTa Kaj PanOJllIUI1'<l

61ina Kop"CTCHa on nOCJlCAlIllTC AeUCllllii HC\ V I SCK lID oKony <paJ'OT lIa V SCK "PCA H.C. ' <

~ B. Oll"rpalWBa rpo3naHoBa CaCTIi H Ljubljana 1989,87. . IlIIJa, Aenaro)l(lla, ARI-IEOLOSKI PREGLED 1987,

7 Jb flOIIOBlih. Pa~omIWTC, 3PIIMo 1956/57,75-94.

12

P£lII1UA

Bo 1954 r. Kaj c. PCllllqa C11Y~I<ljIlO e O1'KPIICHO CA"O norpe6ys31-bl!,

npn WTO cc lIaj,ncIHI: 6POli3CII lU11CM OIl "IIIlHpCKU" 1'1111. CAlia CPC6PCII3

pOM601lAII3 IlnO~IKa " micra IlI'I1a - Aa1'llp3HO BO npUaT<l nOJlOOl!1I3 Ha V BCK. H

PC~III1~a cc lIaOl'a 00 CAcll IlIlaHlIlICKI1 Kpaj. 3lia~[IlTCIIHO OHA3I1C l ICIl on

naT01' KOJ ro noup3ysall I1I1XlIl1ltCKIIOT pcrnOH co XcpaKIIcja. OAHOCHO co

ncnafolluja, na C!lOpen Toa, BcpojaTJID CC pa60TII 33 CUHO ocaMCHO

norpcGysalhc. Ma1'cplijanoT cc lIaora BO HapO}lIllIOT My3Cj BO OXplt}l.

nETI1JIEn-5EPAHUI1

JIoKaJllI1'CTOT nCl'ItIlC11 cc lIaora 2.5 KM jY)KIIO OIl c. 6epaHlI;l!, Ha

AcccTlll-la KllnOMcTp" CCBCPliO 0,1\ 61lTOna. Bo 1954 r. C OTKP"CHO C]:tHO

norpc6YBalbC O]:t KaMeHa KOHCTpYKlI;I1Ja, BO 'mja sHaTpculHOCT cc Haoranc

6POH3CH KpaTcp, GpoH3eHa aMqlOpa. AenOBIl OA Tpl! 6POl13CIIII caAOBIf II

MOI-IOXPOMCU CKl1epOC. Bo KpaTcpoT 6unc c06paHil 113ropcHil KOCKU lIa

nOKojHII1.(a II CJlCnliHOT npllJlor: 3J1aTHa MaCKa (Moumc OWTcTcHa), Tpll3IlaTHli

npnSp30Ql1 3a rCPAaH. ABC HayuIIHllI;ll. ABC epypKCTIl co nnO'ICCTIl rIlaBIl. ABe

(pn6YJll1 OA MaJlOa3~1CKH nill. ABC rpllJUli1 co 3MHCKII rJlaBH II ABa npCTclla - cc

011. cpc6po. 6pOH3cHa nUHI\CTa II IIIlCKa OA 75 KpynHH aMopqmli BCp111! OA

Klinll6ap. MaTcpnjanoT cc ~lyBa BO MyJejoT BO 6l1Tona. Ila0AoT C AaTllpllH

so J.\oll;HoapxajcKlloT ncplloA. Q CnopcllcH co aHanorHIlOT MaTcpnjaIl OA

CIlH,nOC. 61l MO:>KCnC nonpclI;II3110 Aa ro AaTl1paMC Olt 520/510-500 r. npc]l H.C.

OA ncnarOllllCKIITC HaOraJIIllliTa nOTcKHysaaT II HCKOllKY Apyrll HaOAI!

WTO nplinaraaT lIa apxajcKlloT I1Cp"OA. a cc sp3YBaaT 3a Tpc6cHllwTa II

CHIIAOC. TaKa, oJ]. nporoH·6YKPIi nOTCKHYBa CACH 6POll3CH WIICM OA

"IlJlIlPCKII" 1'1111. OA 6a611HO 6POll3CH WJlCM 011. HCT THn (BcpojaTlio OTKPIICH

so rp06-1~IICTa). Kaj Panew. UPKBHUJTC \I BIlCOIl Kaj 6cpallll;n HajAcHIl CC

HaYUIHlIlI;U co KOHYClIa <popMa. Bo rpoGoBIfTe 33 H 44 nOKpaj uaywlIIIlI;lI OA

osoj TIIIl, HajAcHH cc IIfJIII co nIlO'ICCTa 11 KOHycHa rJlasa 111111 OMcra II APyrll

npcAMcTIl }laTlipaHlI BO KpajoT lia VI BeK npcA H.e.1O

B. JlaxToD, flpo6neM Tpe6eJlIIWKe KynType, Oxp"n 1965, 17.

~ H. MIIKyn'lIIh. ApxajcKe HCKpollone JY)l(lIe flenaroJluje, CfAPHIIAP, 1I0aa cepuJa,

KIt.. XV-XVI. oeorpan 1966, 209ulI. III HCTIIOT, JCllila aliTlt'lKa lIeKpOllOna 113 OKomlllC OIlTOlha, C1'APHIIAP. Ku •. XXI.

ocorpall 1970, 139 II n .• T . I; HCTIIOT. Pclagonija u svellosti arheolo~\..lh nalala. SkoPJe­

Beograd 1966.37 i n. T. XI. a I b, T XII. SI. 21.

13

Ilncen5aT<1 lIa Koja II npllnara norpe6YBaJbCTO Olt nCTllncn ~ 6cp(HHll! co CllryP"OCT IIC e ),CT<1II0BCt-Ia . Ha npII6mDKHO IICTrl oJlJlaJlC'JCII OCT OA rpoGOl'

OAHOCHO IICKpOnOJl<lT3. KOHCTaTllpatHi ce HeKonKY JlOKaJIIITCTIl CO OCTarOlll;

OA H<lCCJl611. ApxconOWKIl IICKonYB3l-ba KOII 611 MO)l(CJlC Aa ro onpcAClIill'

CTcnCHOT Hil KynTypHlloT p a3Boj BO HIIB. cnopeA ruTO 6 11 MO)l(Cna Aa cc U<llJpaBI!

n opeanH3 npcTlloCTaBKa. HC cc BpweHI!.

K apaKTepoT Ha paMHIILt3Ta YC1I0B I1J1 OA "ajpaHII 8~cMlllba n cnarOHllja

Aa 6 11 AC rycTo HaCeJlClia. n UpCKTIi aTa Bpn:a co creJcKoTo Kpaj6pc)J(jc

OB03MO)l(IIJ1a 6p30 npoAllpal-bc Ha KynTypHIITC npIIA06HBKII OA jyrol'. 3a

npoUYToT Ha KynTypaTa so apxaj cKlloT n c plloA cnCAO'laT nOCAIIJIC'IJIIiTC

OTKpllTlija AO Kon C }1oj AeHo cnYllaj Ho. 80 OTCYCTSO Ha nOrOJlCMII CIICTcMaTcKIi

IIcKo n YBal-ba. OB IIC nOn<lTOl.{1I sCTysaaT nOCTOClbC Ha 60 r a Tli apxajCKIl

norpe6YBatba, oc06cli0 Kaj n CTHJ1 en - OCp31il.{H . KOII MO)KaT)ta cc OlJCKynaaT

so IIAHllHa.

BAllA HJ[OBCKO-rEBrEJI I1CKI1 PErl101-!

B o 1984 rOA· BO rpa/loT Bana1l}1080, npn Konal-bCTO ua TCMCJlII 3a

60JlH II'IKaTa 3rpaAa, Ha MCCTOTO 3CJlCHIIWTC ce OT KPII CIIH, O,uHOCIiO

pa3ypHaTli HCKonKY rp060Bu. CTP Y'IHHTC nlll.{3 KOII BO McrYBpcMe

IIHTepOCtili panC y~neane na npn5epaT nOBcKe Jl. IfCJlOl.{Hpallll u aOAIl . a Oil

HeKonKY rp06a Aa Ja IIcnllTaaT HIIBHaTa COnp)l(UHa.

K OilCTaTl1paHO C AeKa lIeKpononaTa Koja TYKa CC npOTcra nplfuafa Ha

nocrapoTO )Kene3HO BpeMc, co XPOHOJlOlilKH paMKH on KpajoT Ha V II ItO npoHTc

ACLtCHUlI Ha V oeK. CilTe norpc5yna iba ce CKeneTHH, 1130pweUil BO rp060BII on TlinOT LtIlCTlI n OKpaJ" Kcpa • "

. (MWIKHTe HaOAH o.n: )10KaJl1I0 nOTCKJlO. 11aJHC IIII ce )Kene3H11 MC'ICSI! 1\ APYfll npcnMen!.

l1 COCCnH ~ITe HeKpOnOJll.I - rnOC Kaj rp~"1WTe 11 MIIJIUH BO r CBrC)1 Hja , AaA03 HCKOll KY "PCAMCTl1 KO !! CC _

OKlIonynaaT BO npOCTopmrrc II KyJlTypflO­XPOIIOJlOWKHTC paMKIl Ha HaumOT IIHl'CpCC.1I

H eOllaM lla. KaJ' C C,.WKB . 1:' • HLta, cenepHo OA r esremfJa, Ha J10KaJIIITCTOT uH1l10B J aBOp , OTKp"e HIl ce lie 6

I KOn Ky rpo a 011 nmOT UHCTU co CKCJlCTliO norpe6yoalbC. M c r y lIaOn ~lTC

1l0MltHHpa rpy6aTa pa'lllo pa60Tclla J10KamlJ KcpaMIIKa. M CTall lHlTe 6POB3C " rp!!SHI! HII npC.Il,MCTU npHnaraaT Ha lIaKHT-CanTaJlCOlili

co 3M lfCKil rnanll npaB I

KIIJluGapc"!! nap . II Bne'laTOK r epnaHoT OA Kpyn"" a1.1Op(I)l1II " 'llHba 11 nap'lc 3J1aTCH .

He C 06jaueH. 1I1fM, CoceMa pa3Jl.po6c u . MaTcp lIJaJlOT

II 3. reopr"c8, EneMellTIi 113 pallaTa . Ct;onJc 1984,51 II II. 311TIlt;a 8011.011110 1I0Ha p/(HpjC. 360PIIHK (I).c))

14

CI1HJ[OC

KaKO WTO CBOCBPCMCHO OTKpllBal-bCTO lIa Tpe6eHIIWKaTa HCKponOJla

r o CBpTI! BHIIMaHlICTO lIa lIaY'IIIIlTe KpyrOBt1, TaKa AeHec HCKpononaTa K3J

C IiIiAOC n06YAYBa HC nOM3J1 IfIiTepcc. C'IHAOC cc Haora OKOJlY 23 KM 3an a.o. II0

0.0. COJlYH, Ha ACCJI(lTa CTpana lIa peKaTa f aJlIIKOC, aHTIl'IKIlOT EXCAOpOC. n o

cnY'lajHoTo oTKpllBalbc u a HCKOJIKY norpc6ysafba. BO 1980 roD,. on CTpaHa lIa

rp'IKHTC apXeOJl0311 ce 113Bpweull CIlCTeMaTCKIi IIcKonyBa~b3 II OTKP" Cllli 121 rp 06. C n ope1J, n01J,aTOI~IITC 06jaBe lili BO K aTanoroT Ha 11 3J10:+l:6aTa,

npe3cHnlpaHa lIa jasHocTa BO 1985 rOJllllla, on BKy nHlloT 6poj Ha OTKPIICII11TC

rp060BH Ha 1l3J10)K6aT<I cc nOMCCTCIHI lIaO,ll, 1I on 36 rp060BII, cc pa36upa co

Haj60raTilTc npl1J10311 , KOIl ja uaAf\lIIl-1YBaaT 6pojKaTa OA 500 Ha O,ll,II .l1

B o rp060BllTC cc oTKpllB alil1 KOPHHTCKH Ii aTI1~IKIl KCpaMlJllKIl 6<13 11 ,

6POH3CHH C3,l1,OBH, TCpa KOTlI, 3naTCli Ii cpc6peH HaKHT, 0PY)f(je-MC'ICBII II

Konja , 6POll3CHil WJl CMOBH, 3J1aTlIlI MaCKIl II 6pOjHII pa3HOSIIAI-II1 3J1aTIllI

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nJlOYI! 111111 naK KaMCHIl capKocf.>a3u co 3aKOCCU KanaK. OTKPIlCIlIl CC lIeKOJlKY

rJlHHCHIi capKocfJa 3~1 CO penjeq)H3 1J,e KOpaUll ja Ha HanBopelU HaTa II Ha

BHaTpCll1HaTa CTpalia. 3 I1 a 'HiTCnC H 6poj norpe6ysafba C II JBPWCU BO

npaBOarOJlHII jaM~1 SKonali 1l AIlPCKTHO BO 3cMjaTa. B o HeKOJlKY CJlY'l a ll

nOKojHIlUilTe 511ne norpe5aHH BO npBeHH KOBye311. Cnope,u IICTpaJKysa l lllTe,

CIITC rp060sH COAP)KCJlC caMO n o CnHO 1l0 rpe6yBa ~bC. XPOHOJlOWKHOT pacn oll

Ha HCKpOnOJlaTa CC ABU)f( 1l O,ll, OKOllY 560/50 r . no 450/40 r. u aKO IlCKOIl

norpe6ysaJ-ha ce ,lI,aTllpallll lIe WTO nOnOLtu a. Co ,lI,p yrll 360pOBIl . IICKpo n OJlaT3

C KoplICTcHa 00 TCKOT lIa apxajcKI10T II paHOKJlaCH~lIniOT n epnoA. WTO cc

onHCcYBa AO n OTCKJ10TO Ha rp06 1UITC npl1J1031l, OC06CHII ,lI,HnCM I1 HeMa:

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np l1naraaT Ha KOP"HTCKO-XaJlKIiACKIiOT Kpy r ; OAACJlHI1 npenMeTiI ce Bp3YBaaT

3a HCTo~IHoerejcKHTc. O,ll,HOCliO M3J10a3 I1 CKIlTe BJ1l1jaHllja. Cy,ll,CjK I1 cnopc,lI,

MHOWTBOTO C1II1'IHH npcAMeTII KO II YKa)KYBaaT Ha HCTli pa60TIIJlHHLtII , na llyplI

H Ha n CTU MajC'I'OplI , BOCl-laT3 o n pcMa, TcpaKoTuTc. HaKHTOT, 3J1aTIIHTC MaCKIi

II APyruTe anJlHKal.llU1 cc JlOKaJl Hl1 npOIl3BO,ll,H.

H eKpOnOJlaTa Ha C lilinOC co cBojaTa 60raTa CO}1 p)f(l1l1a ce H311BOj YO<l

OA CIITe APy ru OTKpliTl1ja OA 060j BIIA. Taa nOKaJKYBa rOJleMa KOHLtCIiTpaLtllj a

Ha BJlaCTCJII1HCTBO KOC ce 113AIlrHaJlO na 3aBliAHo eKOHOMCKO HIlBO. H c 1111 e n03HaTO ,lI,anil lI e KpOn OJlaTa o ncf.> aKa H3BeCCH npocTop KOj li e e Aocera

HCTpa)Ke u . I1CTO TaKa HC 3HaCMC KaKBIl np"J103 11 COAP>KeJle OCTallaTI1TC

"CllpOMawHu" rp060BIl , '!ll ja COAP)l( llHa He e BKJlyyelia 00 K aTanorOT.

12 1. BOKOTOnOYI\OY, AI. .1.E!nOINH, 8. M I!AHAI.6.0Y, M. TIBEPIO!. !IN.1.0! Athena 1985. }{ATMOrO! TH! EK9E!HE.

-

,D,clTllpalbCTO IICI llorpc6ynalb<lTa CC JlpOTera no CACH IIOnOJII' npCMClleK11

paellOH _ 0,[\ mwny 560 no 4-t0. OAHOCliO 410 r. npc/lll.C. Oco6cII npcKlI1I BO

TCKOT Hel KOPIICTCH,CTO lie ec ~lyncTByBa. Haj60ranl cc llorpc6YIJClIhaTa 01~ 1l0CnC1\HIITC Tptl ,[lCLlCIII1II H<l VI BeK. nOAOLIHe)KJlIITC rpoGoBII COnp)KaT IICll1TO

nO~taJlKy 311aTHII npcAMcnl OA npeTxoAHHTC. 110 KapaKTcpOT Hi.! npllllOJIlTC

He e 1t3MCHCT. H aKIlTOT C OA IICTIITC pa60Tlln lllILlii. 3naTII II M<lCKIl !lCMa , 110 II

HaTaMY CC npllcyTlHl pOM60llAIIII nnO~IKIl II APyrll pa3HoRIIAilil 3naTIIII

annllKatlllll, co KOII 61111a YKP3CYB3H3 06JIeKaT3 lIel nOKojllllllllTC.

CCBCPHO OA HCKpononaT3 Ha 110KanllTcToT TyM6a Kaj Nca Anchlalos

KOHcT3T1lpallll CC OCTaTOl.\1I OA nOBcKccllojHa Haccn6a, Koja 6uJla Haccnclla

YWTC BO BPCMCTO!fa IICOJIIITOT II paHoTO 6POH3CHO BpeMc. CO~IYBaHIi CC Tparll

KOII nOKa>KYBaaT .[1CKi1 H<lcen6aTa )KIIBeen<l BO reOMcTpIICKIlOT. apxajcKIlOT.

KJlaCII~IHIIOT II xencllllcTWIKIIOT ncplloA· H e e 1103HaTO Aanl! nocTojaT 113BCCilli

npCKHHtI no KYJlTYPHIlOT pa3Boj KOII 611 MO)KCnC A<l YK<l)l{aT Ha npoMell1l BO

eTHH'IKIlOT COCTal3 lIa nonynal.\lIJa1'a.

HcoAa~lHa. M. E. XaT30nYJIOC cc 11 3jacHIIJl ACKa HCKpOIIOJI<lTa Iia

"Sindos" nplillara Ha XanaCTpa, Koja ja nO~lIpa Ha I1na1'OTO Kaj AHxnanoc.L'

XAJIKHal1K HEOnPEaEnEHI1JIOKAJII1TETI1

ApxeOnOUJKII HaOUI! KaKBl! UITO liMa AaAcHO CH HAOCKaT<l IIc"ponOJla

ce 1I03Ha1'II OA KOneKLI,lIjaTa Stathatos WTO cera CC llYBa DO ApXeOJlOWKIlOT

. A " MY3CJ BO :IIHa. C06paull cc BO 1'eKOT Ha cAeH n O,l1.0nr BpC~leHCKJI ncpl10}1

KaKO cnYI I<lJHII HaOAII OTKpllB3HH lIa npOCTOp01' Ha XanKIIAIlK. Il cAoc-raTOKOT

Ha .nOAaTOtll~ OJowny OKOJIHOCTIlTC Ha OTKpUB3U)CTO II JlOKaJlIITCTIlTC KaAe cr,;

HaJUCHIl HC Ja lIa~IaJlyna OC06CHO HIIBHaTa BPCAIIOCT. Tile cc BjJ3y13aaT 3<1

IICTIIOT XaJIKIIAII'IKo-uonllononapAapCKH npOCTOp. a IICOCnOp"JlTC alianorlill

ce BKJIOnynaaT 130 IIC1'IIOT KynTypcH Kpyr.

Mefy ClpxconOWKHOT MClTcplljaJl 3aCTanCilil CC 6POIl3C" Illn CM OJI

"rp'IKo-nnllpcKu"TIHI CAli 6 . , a nocJla 0 cO~lyBaHa 3J1aTHa MaCK;] (CC 11111111 HaJJIClII1 3aCAUO). 3naTHli yKpacHI ,h , 1 't'1IJ1l1rpaHCKH JlCHTlI, pOM60llAIIII anJIIIKcH{11i1. 3JIaTIIII ncpJIII OA repAaH r Il Ap. ' , pllBHII CO 311MCKII rnaBII. <IJYPKC1'II, 06CTKII. cl)ll6yn l1

fI.·1 B HmlOpoulo~. M:ll:cdoman lOSt . ~tudy MELETHEM . . Itutlons under the klllgs. I. A HI~lorica l and cp,graph,( , AlA, Athens. 1996 107

'4P A de' man ry. ollcctlon Hellene Stath I ,1105 • Les biJoux antiques, Stra~h()urg 1953.

16

D JlarOW.lpClIlIC lIa apXCOJlOlllKIlTC IIcTpa)t(YBJII,a nO'III,\"I II cc }lila Bill\lIl1

nl~HKTa co anCKBaTCIl apxconOlLIKIl M<ncplljaJl. Toa cc IICKpOIIOJlaTa 1\<11

MIIKpa Kapa6ypyll. JyrOllcTo~IIIO 0.[1 Conyll, 1\ BO llpKBaTa ArllOC napaCKCB11C

80 Ca\III01' Con)"H.

AlI1KPII KIIPII6YPYII

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, TI1'IKII Ba·m. n al\ll III, KOTOIHl. 6POll3CHII Ca]lOBII. Bo rpo60T IInaj.[1clI<l C 3JlaTIm

~r.0M60IlAHa nJlO'IKa. a 130 rpo60T III - UJJlCM 0.[1 "rp'IKO-IlJI11PCKII" 1'1111.

1~IITCpCCHO C.[1l1 Cll0MCIICMC CJIU<l <tmrypa lIa IKenKa II ja60nKo no TCpaKOT<I.

lCaKl311 uno ce OTKP"CHII BO CIIIIAOCKIITC l1orpe6Yl3alLa.

Kaj M IIKpa Kapa6ypyH XaTJonYJloc ja nOl.\lIpa TcpM<I. I~

Arl10C nAPACKEBI1C

ApxajcKa1'a lIeKpOnolla Kaj Arlloc napaCKeBllc. OA KOJa CC 06jancHli

l'1CKOJIKY rp06HII u,enmtll. 17 nOKCllKa IICTa CO.[1pIKlIHa KlIKO CIIII]lOCKClTtl. Oil

l'IaOHIiTC JlI IIcTaKuynaMe KOplHtTCKaTa KcpaMIIK3. Ha npRO MCCTO KOTOIlIiTC.

P.pOIl3CllaT<l <1m ana co oM{llaJlOc. IKCJlC3111101' Me~11I KpllBIlTC JlOIKCBlI. ]JlaTIlIITC

allAcnKIi 1\ TpllarOJlllllTC II pOM601l.[1HIITe nJlO'IKII II TpllTC 6POIOCHII

UIJICMOI3I1. 06jancilliTc 11<101111. CC 'IllHII, IIC 113nerYBaaT OU paMKIITC 1m VI BeK.

Cnopcn MIICJIClbCTO Iia XaTJOllynoc. CIIHJl,OC Tpc6a }1a CC nOllllpa BO

ifecanOHIIK<l, lIa KOj My nplIllaraaT QCTaTOLI"Te O}{jOlICKIlOT xpaM, a CCKal<:O II

HCKpOnOn,n<l K<lj Arlloe rl apaCKCl3l1c. '1I

I' L. Rey, La nceropok de Ml~ra K:lr:lhurun pre.~ de Saionique. ALBANIA 2, 1927. ~X I 11., Idem, ALBANIA 3. 1928,601 n.: Idem. ALBANIA 4. 1932,671 n.

M. B H:lt/opoulos, 0p. ell., 107, 3a6. 4. ' 7 K. "f.t~/WII/OI/~. To (lPXw~.:o \'o.:poraq,no nl~ A}'/a~ napam.:tJ·11~ ()caow.(}\·/fdll'. II

MAKE6.0 IA Ano TA MYKIINAIKA !IrONIA QY TON ~IErA AAE=:AN6.PO. BologlM. 19K!I. !l7-101

'M B. lIai/oroul{l~, 0p. Cll.. 107, 3a6. 3.

17

• • •

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. pa3"'IKII Bo C~IH.n:OC He ce HaJJlCHH OH3KBII nYKCY3H11 nOCTOJ3T 113UCCHII '" . 6POH3CHII Ca,flOBII KaKBIf WTO ce KpaTcpHTC. XI1JlPIHITC 11 c~e6peHIlTC nexapn

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KOH AYXOBHIIOT )"a!BOT If CBoeTO nOCToelbe.

18

PEfHOHAJIHA ETHWIKA nPHnAJ],HOCT

Kora 611 611JIO n031131'O KOIl nneMlilba rn HacenYBane perllOllllTC KanC

TO ce OTKPIfCIIII apxajcKlI1'c "KIIC)f(CBCKII" rp060BH. npo6nCMOT oKony

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2icneKTH.

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19

Hc"anc o"ony 510 II 50S r. npclt II.C.'" 80 C/tHa 1I0BOOCBOCIII.l 05JI<lCT IIC MO>h:C

na cc <I}OpMllpa TaKBa 0IJUlTCCTBCH3 KJHlCa 1I<l KOJ'-l 511 r.IO:.KCJIC Ita II cc

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H o. nanll BO IIcrOBO IlPCMC TpaKllj llilTe BJIa,uecne co C IIH f.OC II Xan3crpa 111111

naK HcrOBOTO 113BCCTYBCllbC ce onllCcYBa Ha IICKOJ n ocTap ncpllon o,u Kora c cOIIYBalla Tpa,ulllllljaTCI nCKa OBIIC ,Usa rpa}la cc TpaKllcKII't~ CllrypllO C IlI!K<l

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XeKaTcoB 1I0flaToK C nOBCJl.CH non COMHCBa H,C. H c 3HaCJI.IC IICTO TaKa JtaJ1J1

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rlO,QClTOllli O,Q II0Cl'ClPil ClBTOPII.

CMCTaMC ]lCKa n onaTOKOT lIa XCK3TCj lie Tpc6a na 36yllyRi.l.

npo6ncr.IOT C caMO BO HcrOBOTO xpOliono W Ko cplI KC ll palhC. CJI[[' ICII IIp06JIC\!

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20

I'! NGL H,111l1ll0nd·G T Griftilh. A Hislory of MacedOIll.I. Volume II. Oxford 1979.64

811 110110111111.0 110PCIOlY rp'IKIIX <lpxajcKllx npCnMcTa IU IICKp01l0JIC KOil Tpc6c1l11111TOl

ca noccGIII1\1 OCBPTO\I lIa 11p0611eM 311aTHI1X MaCK 11. CTAP I1 11AP XV·XVI. I)corpa.1

1966,29,

Hcrod. VII, 123

Thuk II. 99.

Sir. VII. fro ~6.

:. Slcph. Ilul fro 146 i I .. H. CI1I1AOC 11 XanaCTpa KaKO Tp<lKIICKIl rp,\JIOIHi IICPOjilT1l0

1TOTCKII\'lIi1a-r OFlllpC~leTo l1a 110XOJl.OT lIa MI1311Te 11 TeYKpllTC '1<1 KOll ]601'),11,1 XCI");! ~I,m '

Hel EHXCJlCIlTC ... · bC3 ( . lr.1CIl Ita CIITC MO:+:llli IIMnllHK31tUil no BPC"" co OBOl

TlO}lClTOK. 0'lIIrJ1CHHO C HC,,'l XCK:lT" . • > • < I!J CC nOTnllpa 113 HCKOP CTapa Tpa}llllllqiJ.

Kora .QacapCTIITC cc lIapeKYB<l.1e .QCKcapli II >KIIBCCllC BO COCCllCTIlO co EHXCJlCIITC.

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. (l>aKT C }lCKa no BPCMCTO Kora MaKCltOllltliTe cc Wllp<lT KOII lICTO}.;.

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pernoll 11<1 }lOmIOTO n OBClPJt<lpjc cc janYHaaT n ajollllTc. II. "ClKO urro TOJ

06jacHYl1a. KonKY }la Gllnc lIorrypllaTIl KOH BlI<lTpeWIWCTJ 1I0}lllp"TIICOJ\OT

Ha TpaKIICKIiTC nnCMI!lb<l. n ajO l lllTC BPW3T npoJlop KOH Jyr. ro OCBOjYBiJClT

}lOJ111110T TCK lIa AKcnoc. ja ]aJC~l<laT Mllr}lOHllja II KpecTolIIIJfl "aKO II l!}lCII

nojac 3anCl}l1l0 OIl pCKaTa Bapnap co rpa}lOBIITe i-1 xHe 1\ n cna.}lOnHpaJKII AO

E r ejcKoTo Kp aj6pc>Kjc. MO>KC Jla CC 1l))II(paTIl }lCKa lIa onoj neplIO]l CC OJlliCCYBfl

l'paJ-tl!ltlljaT<l CO ' lyBclll <l KaJ CTpa6oll. llcKa n ajoHllja Hc" o r aUl CC npOCTl lpaJla

O}l n enaroll li ja ]\0 r1 I1Cp l'FI. O/IIlOCIIO Kaj n OJlll611YC 3a EMaTllja Ka " o

najoHCKa. 11

Z' Cnopen R. KaliCic. EnhclcJci. GODISNJAK. Knj. XV. Sarajcvo 1977.7, H,

'b KaKO !liTO MOiKC n:l ce lnKJly'II1 Cllopcn Sir. VII. fr. II

Hammond, M,I(cdonia. Volume I. 42K,

lJ', PIIIl .. N,II. HI ... I. IV 10. ])

-"I TllUl-. 2.99."

BIIJtI1 la6. 26,

"Volume 11.))" Volume 141X. l1oBI1Kyn<lJKI1 ce lIa Sir VII. fn.]1-: I 41. 1'hu).,. II. 99; Pol,

D.IOA.

21

HCM3 CO~IIICIIIIC nCKn lIa oooj nepnon MO)l{C na CC npJlnllUiC IInnano1'

Ha najoHlI1'c BPJ rpanoT nCplWT Hn Kpaj6pC>KjCTO lIa XcnCCIlOln'. K?ra IIa rpanOT My lIaHcnc ronCM3 lUTcTaY n03HaT e YWTC CnCH Hanan lIa najOHllTc Bp3 HaccnClIlICTO lIa rpanOT A6nepa. Oooj n~T A611ep~IITe ycncanc. KaKO WTO cc ocnn BO ncaHOT. na ru npoTcpaaT najOHCKIlTC cTpcn~1I on APyraTa cTpaHa lIa ATOC. 1J ,UBaTa HaCTalili HC cc npe~1I3HO AaTHpallll, 110 co roncMa BcpojaTHocT SPCMCIICKII ce nocTaoyoaaT npeA rp'IKO-nepCItCKI1TC oOjHII.

30WTO A6nepU;IITe rll rOHenc najolicKIiTe CT~e~LtIt TOKMY no .ATOC? Aanll 3aToa WTO TOKMY TaMY 3ano'lHysa ""SHaTa 3CMp. Ooaa n031l~11J3 cc COBnara co nOnaTo~IITe OA XepoAoT Kon ce oAHccysaaT lIa OPCMCTO ~ora Jano'myoa nepcllcKoTO oCBojysa lbe ua 080j npoCTOp. n03HaTo e nCKa najOHIiTC )l(IIOCCnc lIa C3CPOTO npaclljana (flpaO/ar).:w Cc 311ac lfCTO TaKa ACKa rllllMano OKony nallrcjcK,na fopa. CcoepHo on Hca ce npocTlIpanc neonmlTe II CIlPIIO­najoHIlTc KOII Bnancene 00 paMHIIQaTa no AOn)l(HH~Ta Ha !lCTO'lIIaTa CTp,lIIa

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car-1II0T KCCPKC, TprHYBajKII on AKaHT CC )lall)KCIl no CYB03CMHIIOT nOKYc naT

II MapwllpajKII BO Ilpaacu; KOH TCpMC MHHan npcKy n ajollHja (nmOJlw)1I

KpccToHlijaY MaKo IIC C jacHo Ifa KOj npoCTOp CC ~1IfCnH non nOI1MOT

,.najoIUija " KpcCToHllja" ccnaK Mopa na CC CMCTa I\CKa C Toa npOCTopOT

3anaJlHO 01\ Tax~lHo BO npaacu; KOII TCPMC, BKnY'IYBajK~1 rll C3cpaTa Gon6c II Kopolilija.

AKO OOIiC nOl\aTOI(1I cc nOBOJIUli na nOKa>KaT Jl,CKa naj o lillTc 130

BTOpaTa nOJlOBIHla lIa VI BCK Bnancene co Aon HOTO n osap.napj e 11 3CMjllTC

IICTO'llm 011 AKCIIOCHO YCTI1CTO Ha CTPIIMOH, Toraw H npoc'ropoT Iia YCTlICTO

22

11 Herod V. I.

)l Pindur! Carmina. II PUlOnes Abdcrilais 60-61.

" Bo TpynoT "Is Prasias Lake BUlkovo and is Dysoron Mount Krusa?" nPAKTIKA A9 11NA 1992,333 II II. 110Ka}K30 IIcKa n paCll3na Tpe6a A3 ce uAeIlTlI¢IIIKyO:l co TaxlifiO.

11 Herod .. V, IS.

16 Hammond. Macedonia. Volume II, 57 1: Herod. VII, 124

lIa fanliKOC C llajoHcKO, nn cnopcn Toa \I CilliAocKaTa HeKpOnOJla. BaKSIiOT JaKlIY'loK 611 onClI so npllllor Ha KOlicTaTa~lIjaTa 3a nOnCMOT lIa CAua 1I0n~nau.IIJa. oO.CJlY'lajos najollcKaTa. Tpe6a Aa cc nQTCCTlIMC ACKa TOKMY BO oooJ ncplioA naraaT 1l0'ICTOQIITe lIa najolicKoTO MOHCTOKOBalbC. CAlia BHCOKa U;1f~1IJ1113aLtHCKa nplfJl051fBKa Koja Hajnlle~laTmlBo ce MaHIlq>cCTlipa TOKMY KaJ n aJoHuTe.

OXPl1jJCKI1 PErl10H

nonynalllHlTC WTO ro HacclIYBanc OXPIIJlCKIlOT pcnlOH npcTcranYBuaT CBocBIIAHa 3araTKa. Kaj allTll'iKIITC nlicaTcml cc CO"lYSUHII MallKY nOllaToUIl co IICTopHcKa OPCAHOCT KOl1 511 MO)KClIC lIa nOMorHaT so OCSCTnyoUlbCTO 113

Ol3a npawalbc. Bo lIaYKaTa 06H'1II0 CC MamlllYJlllpa co EHxcnCI1 II JJ,acapCTII­npBHTe KaKO CTap , npeMCHCKIl IICIIOBOnHO JlcqJlIIHlpaH !lapOII, BTOPI-ITC KaKO HacenCHIiC Ha pernOHOT BO PUMCKOTO opeMC. KOllKY HI! e HaM 110311aTO, 1I0cera

HC C llanpaaCH 0611n CCCTpaliO na CC npOY"IaT 1l0naTO~11TC II Aa cc YCTallOBIi WTO CC ClIY'IYBUlIO BO McryopeMC. npl1Toa 5u Tpe6allO Aa cc liMa npcAmlA ACKa OXplinCKIlOT pcrnoll cc lIaora Ha rpaHI1~aTa Mcfy nnnpcKlloT 3anaA II

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KaKO HajCTap HapOA 3a OXPIIACKIIOT pernOH CC op3ysaaT EllxcnCIiTC

(EYXfAftS) CnopCA npc.nallllCTO, q>CHII"IaHIlHOT KaAMO, OCHoaa'IOT Jla Tc6a. II HcrosaTa )KCHa XapMollllja so nnU60KaTa CTapoCT 6nnc npllMopaHIl nu ja HanYWTaT Tc6a II Aa cc 3aCOllHaT Kaj ElIxcnellTc. n OY'ICHIl OA npOpOWTI30TO. ElIXCnCIiTC ro npII<f,>aTHne 3a CBOj Kpan II co HcrOBa nOMOW rll COa1l3naJle HnllpuTC on Kon 11M CC 3aKaHYBalla onaCUOCT. 38

Bo MIiTOllOlUKOTO npCnalHlc HC cc cnOMcHYBa KaAc ce HaorallC Tile

EHxcnell Kaj KOII Kan~tO nOWOll on AanC'lIIaTa iicoTllja. Bo Xp"CTOnOp0I3 110T cnHrpUM, WTO HaCTalian lIa npC~lIIHOT on V 00 VI BCK, co'lyoaH 00 AJlTonoruja nanaTlHla on 980 r., cc cnoMcHyoa rpanOT JlilXJlHlI1I KaKO HcrOB OCllona"l C nOCO'ICH <1>CIHI'13HCL\OT KanMO.J9 360pysajKII 3a BojH3Ta WTO (1)1I1111T1 V ja Bonen npOT11B HlIllpH're BO 217 r .. n Oll ll6nj 113BccTyoa nCKa so Taa np"nllKa MaKCIIOHCKIlOT Kpall, nOKpaj APyruTc rpa},lOBII OKony llUXHllnCKOTO E3CpO. ro OCBoun II EHxcnaHc.40 CospCMeHIlK 113 H3CTaliOT, nonll6uj HC 6n MO)Kell

\M Eunp. Bacchac, 1330 i n

19 Cnopcll KaliCic, EnhclCjci, 56. ..a Polyb., 5, 108. 8. HeKoll uaY'IIII111Il. Mcfy KOII II Hammond, Maccdonia Volume I. 94.

IIOllaTOKOT U3 nonll6uJ 1'0 CMCTaaT lleK3 ce O/lllecYU3 113 nneMe. a lie Ha rpa!l._ H Kalilic, Enhclcjci. 55. CMeTa IlCK3 Enchelanes I Boioi lie ce rp31l0U11. TyKy Mann eTIIII'IKIl rpplll

23

na CIIOMHC rpan [Jon Toa liMe aKO T0.lllaBIICTlll1il li e L10CTOCJ1. OnOj flO/UITOII: I.'

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24

'I Katicic, Enh elejci, 53.

'2 Slcph. BYI .Ir 71 FHG i [03 Gr HI s!.. cnopcn Katieic. Enhclcjci, 7 i 8. ., Kat ieic, Enhclcjci. R u Ibid. 9.

~. Stcph BY/ .• s\ Oovi)O)l; I M. Suit. Gdc sc nalazilo jczc ro iz 24. pog!;I\'lj:l Psudo.Skilako\;i ~cnp~~? GZMS. Sanljc\"o 1953,111 1111 ., rll cMcCTYBa EHxcnC IITC nO\lcry (\::;Illap 11 by.lIla: Katlelc, Enhclcjci. 39; 11 <I> nan a]Orny. I1 CTopllc KIIIlPUJl IlKII. MOllorpa(~lLjn 0\1'111. Kllll ra IIpBa. OXPII;l 1985.70 1111 .. nOCBCT}Sa IHlJI\l all Il C lIa ElIXCJ1CIITt! KaKO "aCt:.1ellll~ 113 OXPlIllCKIiOT pernoll. p::a:+:ysaj KII II 113 n CCRllO,CKlIlIaKCOIJ" OT n CplIIllI ... OJ I'll .101!Up;1 IIa },CTJlCTO 113 [{punOH so JanpallcKO Mope.

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l-I acralloT ro aaTilpa c. 12.50.

.: VII. 7. 4

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Tpc6cHIIWTa. npcKy Peccil Il.O 'ucypllon, 80 VI BeK rnaBIiO e lIacenCI! co

najolicKa nonynaL(IIJa.

26

., Hammond, Macedonia Volume I. 412. JY 3 .

a OBOJ upo6ncM 350pYBaM 80 TpYAOT: nplIlI Or KOII npoY'lyaan,eTO lIa 3all,l!lIW MaKC'[{OIlIlJa BO pallan ailTIlKa. KYJ1TYPHO HACJ1EJ],CfBO 1811989. CKollJe 1991 711 lI.

Str. VII, 7. 8; Illn. Hlcr. 607. 2, enopcA <I) rJana:JOrny. MaKc110llcKII rpalloall Y plt\ICI\O

l{06a. CKOIIJC 1957. 195. 3a6. 45 II 48.

MlkuJicic, Pclagoni)<J Scirtn . '. " , , n,1 Ja nOllllpa Kaj r eecH. BII1I.1l Ja IIplln o:+:c naT<l Karl ,1.

ClIopeA I Kal{apOH. n COl/ II$1 , CO<pII$l1921, 35.

nEJlArOlll1JA

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f1 oBapllapje. nllBllj rll B6pojyBa ACYPIIOnJlTC Mcry najoHcKIlTe nlle~llIIha. a Toa TIIC BepojaniO 6 11l1e OTCCKorauJ.

Ll,a ec 1I0TCCTIIMC II lI a nO/taTOK01' 1111'0 ro llaBa Xm.u;p. EJlcll on

npcll80AIlIfU.UTC Ita n ajolHiTc nolt Tpoja. ACTcponaj (AoTEpo;rwo~'). nOil (-a on 60raTaTa n ajollllja. ltI aKo C Cll lilia n c.neroll (n ,]J.tywv). a BHYK I\a PC'IIIIIOT 60r AKClij. TOj ja noco'IYBa llajoHlija KaKO cBoja TaTKOBIlHa. E. n CTpoBa

IIOMllcnYBa Il.CK<I ACTcpoilajoB lrre il ajollil Il.Oar aaT OIl. CenCplJII1'C IlpOC'l'Opll lIa n ajoHllj a, on II 1.11 a III 1 KaKO P".QCCTII II nnOrtlHI. 3<1 pa3nllK<l O.Q Il ajoltllTc npCrtSOnC1l1l on IlllpexMcc, KOII rtoaraaTOll AMII1l0H Ha WIiPOKIiOT AKCII()C. ~·

~, B. ollTpa"oua rp01AaIlOH<l. rI pll.nor 0 pC.nIlfl1J II II YMCTJlOCTIl Y n eollllJII. JKA. 1'0/1. 41

2. C" o llJe 1992.67 II 1/.

~ Sir. VII. 7. 9,

\~ Hammond. ~hcedonl;l , Volume J. 297 I 298.

'Li\'. XXXIX. 5.l

'71.:. rJ CTP08iJ. fi aJOIICldlTC nJtCMlliba II naJOIICKOTO "panCT80 80 1111 I \lIL'lCIlIlY" IIpcn H.C .. MACED. ACrA ARCHAEOL. Gp. 12. Ct-.:ollje 1991. 12.

27

nOfPEIiYBAI-bE

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rll KOBCTaTllpaJl.

28

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29

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30

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31

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32

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pa3pewYBalbC IHI npo6nCMOT Bp3aH 3a 3n3THilTe MaCK I!. ll)nO)Ken BO CTYAllj<lTi.l

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CCCTpaH3 aHanll3a 113 apxconOUlKIlOT M3TCp"ja1l, 3a WTO ce IIYBCTBYBa ronCMa

lIoTpe6a.

GC3 npCTCII31111 3a ACTaJII13 al1311113a, on Hawa rnClIlia TO'lKa KC CC

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opr3Hll'ICiia lIa nojollcKIiOT npOCTOp. 3a nOKa1l1-l0TO nOTCK1IO lIa HeKOI!

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,[IBIDl(aT BO OBaa lIaCOKa, cMeTajKlI lIa r..1O)KlIOCTa )lC Ka TOKMY OBIIC HaO/11I

MO)K3T Aa pa3jacliaT IIp06J1Cfo.lII np3allll 3a KOpeHllTe, MaIiIlCI)CCTaJIlilITC II

AYXOBIl IIOT .!K1180T lIa Jl OK3J1I1I1TC nonYJla 1..\1111 KOII npOll3ncrYBaaT OJ{ H IIIUlIlO'!'

CYWTeCTBell O)lIIOC KOII )K'IIBOTOT II CTCIICIIOT 113 KY1ITYPHIIOT 1\ CKOIIOMCKIIOT

pa3BOj.

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lllTCJlCH GpOJ . On Tpc6CHIIWTJ lloTCKHyuaaT 8 npIIMCp0l..\JI. OTKPilCHIl no CnCH 130 rpoGoBlITC

Oil I· VII I.?~ Kaj c. JI,cnaro)KJlJ Kaj CTpyra OTKPIICII e eACH wnCM K;)KO npll1l0r BO norpe6yHillhC 11011 TYMyn. 74 HaOADT 0.1\ PClIlIua CO,up>K1I CACII nplIMcpm:, '

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BO rpo6oBilTC 25. 59. 62,105" 115,77 Bo KoncKUlijaTCI CTaTJToc. o5jaBCH<l on CTpaHCI 113 n. AMauAPII. CC HaOl'a CnCH !liJler.! OTKPJlCH Ha Xal1~ II HI1K.7~ 80

KO]le .. a~lIjaTa Kancnonynoc cc '(ysa CACH 6POll3CH wnCM ua KOJ C CO'[YS<l1-!

J ' n ' " " B 6 HaTnllC H<l KOpm[TCKIl anqn16cT:" ac np"naraM Ha aJol!. 0 rpo OT III ou . .. ~ ) B

HCKpononaTa Ita M[[Kpa KapaGypYH. HaJAcH e eACH [[pm[CpOK. 0 UpKB<lTJ

Arlloc n apaCKcsllC BO ConyH HajAcHII CC Tpll wnCMa. 3a CAIIIIOT HC C lIaBCnCH

GpOjOT H3 rp060T. a 3a IlPYfllTC e PC'ICHO ACKa ce OTKP"CIIII 130 rp060BIITe

23411290.' enOPCA AMaHAPIl. 6POH3CHlI wnCMOSII cc HajJlCll1l IIa 3CjTlllt.rlIIK.

Kanyrunap II TPIIJlOCPOH-McCIIMCPII BO cCBcpHa fpUllja.IQ Bo KOla1i1l C Hajncli

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BO TCTOBo. ccra ce Haora BO MIIIIXCH.",l (en.I-12).

34

Filo\\.. ox. Abh. ]·9. 1}6·99. Tafel XV. 1.2: Bymlh 1931. Cn. 3. 55. 56. Ut!JIOl\\'IlIII!OT MaTepl!Jan on IICI\OIl)'Dalt.aTa ua II BYlIIiK. WTQ ce IIaora 110 Iiap0l111110T \IylCj ao

6enrpaJl.. ao I!aJl/oao Bpe~le e o6JaacII o"Jb. nonoBIIK: AIITII'IKa "p'IKa ·j6I1p"a. 6corpa;I 1994_ CO,1p)KHII:lTa 11'1 rpo6oBIITe on I-V e IlpOlflBonua. llal1pallCIICl 011 C1·palla Ila K

WKoprllln CIlopen IIP"JlO'JIlTC lIa rpo60BlITC VII! VII. I-1lloKpaj Toa. IrliC CC IIp)KI!''C 1\0 OBaa KJI:lCllqlLltWllllja. KOJa DCYIUIIOCT lie BJilljac 611TIIO "l)] np0611CMLI'rC UITO rtr pa-jr,1CnYllf\\lt!_

" SLtTpaKOna rpolllalloHa. CH. I1J11tja, ClI. 4.

flaXTon. SITULA 8. CJI. I.

MUKYJI'lLth. ApxajcKc IIcKponone. ClI. 6a: I-1CTIIOT. PclagonlJu. T.X. Cn 19<1. Smdos. No, 199. 211. 452. 458. 240_

" P Amandry. o.c, No. III. PI XX

~ P- Amandry, collection Paul Cancllopoulo~. BCH 95. 1971. FigA i 5.

Rey. ALBANIA 3. Frg. 49.

SI\m301dl~. o_c. No. 61. 73. 8;\, 49_

p, Amandry.o.c. 50. naa \163 ., S I ..... ] all "PIt'lCPOI\lt on llllHa\laK II Bopona cc 06jaHCIIH 1)0 Alh;mRn

c Mile JUS dem I Jnd der S' 'I ,. . - , "'[)C13ren. ,,' 3ml am Rhein 1988. N()', 96 I 79<1. BI1;I1I M Gara~ann G ~kJ .. - ~ . . 1 1951' JI I, r 0-1 rrskl ~Icm 17. Razanc. VESN IK MlI/cja JNA ~, I3cogr,lu

, aXToa, SITULA 8. 51" II,

Mcry II<lBC,nCIIIITC IJPIIMCpO'~ I I Ha IIlneMOBII C aslC }:1Ba CC 0}:1 KOPIIIITCI\II

Tlln. }:10ACKa "ITC oeTallaT ' I npllllaraaT lIa Til' .. 11

' , .... ilmlpeKII O,[lH "P'II\O-1IJ11lpCKlr' TUlI. IITCPCCIlO C}:13 CC HallOMeuc "CK01 T 6 ...

6 . '", ,BO pc ClIllIlITa C 113JflCH

1l0rOnCM pOJ wnCMOBII BO O.rlHOe ua GpO]-OT 1101 rpo60B < IITe_,lOACK3 CIIIIl{Oel\aT(I

lleKpOnOna lWIlC Mall6poJ IUnC\'OBIl II nOKpa]· 6pO]-IHITC 6 ' oral'll norpc6YB01lba.

OBaa penaTIlBIiO IIMIlOJaHTlia 6pO]Ka UJJIC'IO . , "BII. HajnCHa 113 CnCu OrpaHII'ICU npOCTOp, C MOWIIC IIHnllKaTIIBHa no]· ••• K ' '. aKO Jlt~1I on BOClia onpeMa ce '11iHIl ACKa Gun peJJ,OBCIi PCKBII311T II. , npltnaflllllllllTC Ha apllCTOKpaTCKIiOT CTanCIK. Bo lIeTO BpCMe np!!C)'CT 6 . . ,BOTO lIa naKOB pOJ WJlCslOBIl ua naJOI-iCKIlOT npoCTOp 360PYBa 3a BOIlUCT.e,! 0 . . II T KapaKTep 11<1 naJollcKIlTe Il11CMlIlba. MIICllClbC KOC cc II0TBp"y.a II co n '" ( P"CYCTIIOTO lIa 311a'IIITCllHO BOoPY)l(YBalhc BO lIorpc6YBalbaTa: MC'ICBII. BPBOBII on KOIIFI. HO)l(CB II.

,D.cKa wnCMOT IIrpall lIoec611a Yllora Kaj najoHcKIlTC Il11CMI!lb<l J60PYBtI

II OKOJlIIOCTa IUTO 11<1 MOIICTIITC lIa ACPOI!llTC It llajallTe. K<lKO II 1H!IUILITl:

BlIanCTCJlII EycprcTcc, EKroHoe IIlloK IIM. lUlICMOT e MOWI~C Harllacell CII\1601l

(ClI. 13-1~).~~ MOIICTIITC ce 113naBalili BO BHaTpclUHocTa Ha najollCK<lTH

TCpllTOpllja. TOKMY BO BpeMcTo lIa Tpc6cl!llUIKIITC II CIIH,nOCKIITC Ilorpl!6y­

Ba ~ba. Tpc6a CCKaKO 11a cc On6ClICIKil nCKa OBlle MOHCTII COJJ,P)K<lT npCTCT<lBa

Ha KOPIIHTCKII WlICM co 3aWTIITCH ACJI 3a HOCOT (Ha3a1l). lUTO. KaKO IlITO

113rllCAa. Tpc6a na ec cct>aTIl KaKO KpanCKO 06cnc)Kjc. AKO MO)l(C nil Cl!

IlpllcpaTIl BaKBaTfi nOf.-IIICJ1a. ToraUi cncllYBa 11cKa Kop"uTeKlloT WllC,\! KaKO

noueliCT. a BcpojaTlio II nOCKall. 61111 npCTCIKHO nOCTanCIi lIa BJlanCTCJlIITC.

n OTBpna 3a S<lKOaT<l nOMIlClla lIaoraMc BO Tpc6eHllwTa. BO cny'wjoT co

rp060T L KanC e l-IJjnclI KOPIIIITCKIl WlICM II 3J1aTHa norpe6Ha MaCKa. lIa 'lLIe

'lellO ce Haora n pcTcTaoa lIa n'lena. III1TcpnpcTlipaHa KaKO KpallCKIl e"'IUOll.

H . nOnCKa MOIICTIITC lIa nePOl-lCK l lTC II JIalijacKIiTc BlIa.uCTCJlII lI'Ia<lT

KOPIIHTCK II WJlCM. Ha MOlleTaTa Iia 6acTapej (CJl.16) aBcpCHaTa CTpaHa e "CHOllUCTa co n p ll KaJ lI a wnCM OJJ, ,.rp'[KO- lln IIPCKI I" Tlln.~ ~ MOIICTClT<l 11<1

6acTapcj cc AaT ll pa cca 465-460 r. MO)l(c611 BO OBa BpC~le KO P"HTCKIIOT IlI11CM

ro 113ry6 1111 n pno611TIIOTO 3I1a' IClbC, na ccra BCKC HC (Imryp"pa KaKO KpallCI\O

06Clle)Kjc. TyKy II on CTpalla I ta BllanCTCJlIITC e !lOCCH Ul lICf.-1 on .. rp ' IKO­

IIllllpCKIl " T im .

BaKsaTa KOllUCIiTpa l \ uja I-Ia WJlCMOOIi caMa no ce6e IIC1MeTIIYBll

3aKJIY'IOK ACKa HUBHOTO nOTeK}10 Tpe6a na 6une JlOKallHO. J.1 \1ajKII ja npCJlBIl1l

OKOJI HOCTa WTO xall KII.ltIl'IK IlOT npOCTOp C co611pallllWTC lIa KOPIIHTCKO'

xallKlljlllCKIi MajcTopll II TOPCYTCKII 1,\CIITap. 3aKJlY'IOKOT npOll311crYBa K<lKO

llOrJl'ICH. T.H ... rp'iKO- IIJ11IPCKIl" W1ICM IIC C najoHcKa IlHoBaUlija. T}'KY C caMO

'" 1. N S\'oronos. IIcll~nI~me pmllilif de 1:1 Maccdonic prouve par 13 nUllusmatiquc. Chi(.lgn

1979. PI II. 1-4. PI, III. I. 2. 7. g,

~'E. Muret. Ba!>tarcu~. dynaste dc Peonle. BCII [881.329,

35

Til 1l0Tpt:6UTl:: 11<1 nOK<lJIII<lTrt "OIlYJ1<II~\[J"1 Jl'lrOJtCII'I KOH BKyCO <

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ni<tTII. • , " ~6 KaKO II OCT(1l1aTII01' IIMIIOpT. II IUJ1CMOIUITC Cllryp"O 1I\,ano nOTpe ana. 11 ' - 'CTlfflIJT naneKY 11<1 cesep. HTCPCCIIQ C Ita cc MO)KCnC '''lOr) 11C(IIO Jla .

, <11'11 U1J1CMOBII 0)1 OBOJ Tim on TpaKIiCKIlOT rlPOCTOp. 01];6ene)f{IIIlCKrt lie cc n0311, .

C IhaT<l HJ noocKe aSTopn KOII J<l npOY~lyBaJTC '1'11110110. nopcJl JtaTllpa , < < •

. 'liTe" IUJJCMOBIl HajroncMIIOT 6pOJ ce naTupa 01\ BTOpaTa rnpTa lia .. IIJlllpeK. V 11 CpenllllaTa H<l Vi BCK )10 nO'IeTOK01' lIa BeK. PCI(1I3110TO 'ICTBpTllHa II JlII ~ < < • _ _ )

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II Ha UlJlCMOBIiTC • Tile MO)KCJlC .aa 61f11:<lT 1f3pa6oTCIIII IICKOJlKY .[lC ltCHlIII

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<leTBpTllHa ua VI BeK IIJlI! Haj,aOltll<l BO Cpell/lHaTa H<l nCKOl'. npmlCpOIUl'rC

O.Q OJlIIMlillja II K 03<11111 ce CMCTaaT 3<1 IICWTO n OCTap" . HOnCKa UIJlCMOlllITC

o,a J101f)10II. 0)1 KOJlCKI,llIjaTa CTa1'aTOC. II Tp llTe nOCTapll IUJlCMOBII o.Q

Tpc6cullwTa CC IICWTO II0MJla,ull.!i7 Tpc6a na npll~)aTIlMe .QCK3 BO 1'CKOT 11<1

OBOj nep"o,u HcrOBaTa npo,aYKllllja He 6una orpa lllI'l clia 11<1 caMO C,aCIi

npoll3Bo,aCH l~cHTap. TYKY JleKa ro rrpoll3BcAysaJlc n OBeJ<c pa60TflJJllllltll II

KaKO noeJlCItIIl.(a lia Toa cc npOll3JlC3CHil noncie napllj3HTII KOII lie Mopa

celwraw Jla 611)1aT ,aOKa3 3a HCroBIlOT TiInOJlOUlKIl pa3Boj II norO.IJC.\liI

XPOHOJlOWK<l ,AIICTUllq3. De3 n:a ce BnywTa BO aHallll 3a Ha rpllKo-Hn n pcKlloT

Tlln W1IC.\IOBlI. B. n OnOBIiK ja HaBcCTYBa MO)KHOCTa lIerOB<lTa Hojasa nCl cc

IJOBP3C co IIcKoja OA KOJlOBIIIITC lIa crejcKoTo Kpaj6pc)f(jc. OA ",aAC IIPCK}

,aOJlIIHaTa IIa Bapllap CTUrBaJl BO p a3 HIf 06Jlac1'Ii H <l OaJl"';HICKIlOT nOJlYOCTpOB.H.\

OPYlKJ£

OPYlKjCTO 110 Tpc6cHl IJI.lKliTC norpe6YB3H)i1 e 3a~lyua li o ca~1O BO Tparll.

ce pa3611pa KaKO PC3YJlTaT I-I a He n ocToj a HaTa npl1po,tta Ha )KCJlC'JOTO.

113110~eIlO !lo~r npcMCIICKll ncp"on: BO Bna)!(Ha cpeAI/Jla. CnOpC}llIPTC)KIITe

110 nYOJlIIKal\IIJaTa lia <1>I1Jl 08, 0PY:.KjCTO e nplfcYTHO BO CIITe MaUlKIl rp0601l1l .

H CWTO nOlt06po CC 3a1lyna Hli npsOBIlTC on KonjaTa, AOACKa OA MC'ICUJlTC JlMiI

naXToU. SITULA 8 48 . • 'I II ce 33np:+:yo3 lIa TllllonowKIlOT pa300J 113 IUnC\f0811TC (1.1 113BOpll3Ta ¢opMa (Oml~ A ,

' . 11I"la 'I proc). KaKO 11 ua BPCMCilC I01TC pa~u"l 11<1 l111l111aT UPO,1) K1111J3 II pacnpOM'n3l1eT I~ ., _.t' OCTa IIa D3nKauCKIIOT npoCTop.

P Amandry. BCB 95. SKI),

Bn. nOlloal1h. O.C. 29.

36

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BeywHOCT o,ttroBapa lIa MC~ICBIITC OTKPIICHII BO C IIH.QOC. Toa CC MC'ICRII eo

ARC CC~IIIBa II pcfipo no CpC.QllllaTa. BPBOT 01\ KOpl1l\aTa 3aBpWYBa co IICTaKlI,JT

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BO C IIHAOC OAneml1i ,uCJlOBIl CC yKpaccHIl co onnaTa OJ.{ 3JIaTCH JJII.\1. CIITC

np"naraaT lia IICT Tlln. caMO BO rp060T 25. ,IlaTllpaH BO 540 r .• liMa enH<l Maxallpa (No. 269).

npHMepolIIITC OTKPIICHII BO CIIU,IlOC .naTllpaaT O,ll 540 r. npen II.C. ~o nOtleTOKOT 113 V BCK. UlTO !13K IIC 3Ha tlll ACKa ce I13pa60TCIIII BO SPCf>!eTO

Kora ce 113BPUICIHI caMIlTC norpc6YB3lb3. TyKY CnHa no ,IlBC .nCL\CHllil nopaHO' (en. 17).

Bo CIITC rp060BII co MCllCBII BO lIaj ' lcCT cnytlaj ce OTKp"elili no JlBC

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1J 3BCCHCl pJ3JJ ilKa BO ;. OJI)KIIHClTa " LUlipOtlIlHaT<l Ha 60}:tC)KOT (CJl. 18). MC'ICBIITC 11 KonjaTa OA apxajcKIiTc norpc6YBaH,a IIC cc pa3Jl11KYBaaT O,ll OH ll e

OTKp"Ba HII BO rp060BIITC OJ. )KCJlC3110TO BpCMC. oc06eHO 01\ HeKpOnOJllrl'c

130 nOsa p J1apj eTO. H a npOTIiB . KaKO A<l npCTcTaBYBaaT KOHTlIuy"palW

npO,QYKL\lIja Ha JIOKaJllIllTe pa60TIIJlI IIIl\lIolO (Cn. 19).

IIAKHT

i1 CTJKHJTO MeeTO BO IIl1seHTapoT lIa norpe6YBaH>JT3 My npllnafa Ha

u aKIiTOT. oco6eHO KorJ CC liMa npC.D,BIIH lIerOBJTa 6POj HOCT" IIJBOlipeWIaTH

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ClI lllloCKaTJ He KpOn OJla. KOj 0611JlYBa eo pa 3HOIJilA liOeT ua IInCIl II KOMII0311l\'"'

lIa CJleMeIlTI1. WTO PC3YIITllpaaT BO YMCTllll tlKO CO BPIIICHCTBO.

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nOCJ.{ IlHC'1H1I JI.CJIOBII OJI IIaKliTOT. nKnonCHlf cnopCR HJMCHaTa "rOnCf>Hl II <lTa.

3apanH np"ponaTa lIa rpaHYJla!llIjaT3 Kop"CTell e .C IICTeM Ha COeJI 1II1 YBal bC

lIa ~HIJl"rpaIlCKa )K1Il\a co HII3a O}l rpallyJl II II OBOl eJlCMeHT I'll CJl~n" CIiTe

BII 11:0 BII Ha TaHTCJlCCTO Il3BC.nC IiIf }:tCJlon li O}:t HaKliTOT. H a OBO) 11;],11111

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TelWK Jl IIM. Sp3 Hc r o ce anJlIIl\"pallll I'pa HyJlII WTO qlOpM"pJaT Tp"arOJlllll

11\1 Sindos. No. 370 on rpo6 66 11 271 II 272 011 rpo6 25.11<lT11pallll 540 r_

~I 3. feoprlleB. EnCMC/lTIi 11:1 pall<lT<l allT1U~<l. en_ 5 a II 6. en_ 6 . .Il

37

. . rpaHymlTC)'a IIC1l0J1HYBaaT l(CnaTCI nOBp11I1!l1<l ,,)a)\["CTIl Op"mlCIITlllIllH ,_

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06ETKII

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oTKp"e,," BO rpoGoBilTc IX. X II XII (Cn. 20-23) II nCnarOHI!CKllTC

norpeGyoalba BO >KIIBOIlIIO II UpKBJlWTe-6epaHlJ,1I eOAp)KaT y6aBli npliMcpOIlH

06eTKII OJ! lIeTIlOT TI1Il 91 (Cn. 24).

3a pa3J11IKa oAllpeTxoAHIITe. BO CiIHAoe ce 3aCTanCUil rJlaBIiO Asa TI!lJa

06CTKII. EAHIITe. !WI! ee eOCTojaT OJ! nonYKpY)KHO CBIITKaHa )l\1IlJ,a co yKpaCCHI1

KpaeBII- OMera Tim (Cn. 25). rJlasuo nplinaraaT Ha npsaTa nOJlOBIlHa. OJ],HOCBO

Ha cpe,UIIHaTa Ha V BeK. J.1JpafioTeHIl ce BO cpe6po. a ce jaBynaaT BO 1I0ncKc sapujaHTIl - 3aBpWeTOl\IITC ce )'KpaCCUIl co 606mJ,1I IInli cc BO 111111 IIa 3MIICKII

rnaBII.92

KaKo eKcKlIY311BIIII npliMCpOlJ,11. Hen03HaTli 3a ApyrllTc 1I0K<lJlIITCTII.

BO CIIHl~OC ee jasYBaaT 06eTKil BO BIIA Ha TaHTCJICCTa ¢"J11lrpaIiCKa neliTa.

Ha KpajoT YKpacella co Kpyuua p03CTa. nOA Koja cc lIaora KOI'J<la ]<1

nplHJ,BpCTYBal-he na YBOTO (ClI. 26). CIiTe npUMCpOlJ,1I CC 113pa60TCIIII 0)l3naTO.

nplinaraaT lIa IICTIIOT CTun BO KOj CC u3pa60TCHli 6pojlll! nCIITIl-nall tICJlKIl

~O HejacHa HaMClla. 6pojll0 3aCTanCIIII BO KonCKQlljaTa CTaTaTOC. BPCf-ICIICKJ!

Ja IICnOJlllysaaT BTopaTa 1I0nOBI'IHa Iia VI SCK. nOTO'IHO OJ! cca 560'" (No. 436) AO c. 510 r. (No. 321).

38

H Bymd\. 1933. en. 10; MlkutCic, Pclagonija. T. V. SI. I L d-g. Sindos. No. 71. 359.

/J IbId, No. 321, 4J6,

5EJ1Er31111

KaKO yKpaecH H3KIIT CC '1111111 nCKa rpllBHlITe BJICrYBaaT BO ynoTpc6a

HCIUTO nOAOlJ,Ha on OGCTKIITC. cynCJKII cnopen HaOnUTC BO CIIHAOC.

norpe6YB3~baT<1 BO KOII ce OTKPIICIilI naTllpaaT Oll eca 510-460 r.'<t Ce pa60Tli 3a oTBOpeHI! rpllBHII II rpllBlIIl co npe¢pneHIl KpacBII. no npaBIlRo co

3aBpweToQII BO BUn lIa 3MIICKII masn co pa31T1I4HII sapnjaHTII (Cn. 27). Bo

Tpe6eHllLUKuTC rpOGOBII 3I1a t HlTCJ1HO ce 3aCT3nellii BO lKeHCKIlTe rp060SIlIX,

X II XII 95 (en. 28). Cnopen OCT3naTliTe HaOIlli on OBlie rlorpc6YBall.a.

6cnerJIIIITc 611 Tpe6ano 11:3 CC naTllpaaT 011 KpajoT lIa VI BeK no IlPSIlTC

nClJ,CHIIII Ha V BeK. KaKO CKCKlIY311BIIII npllMCpOl(1I MOIKCMC na ru CMeTaMC

6ener3HIITC on nCTIIJlCn. MaCIIBH1! II npClJ,1I3HO 113pa60TCHil on IlPC'IIICl'CHO

cpe6poW, (Cn. 29). Or.ILIncHocTa Ha OBOj Tim Genenllli )lOBCn<l AO noronc\ta

noGapyB3 t JKa, TaKa WTO CC IIJpa60TysaHli II 130 6pOll3a KaKO noenHOCTaB1l1i

npliMepOQII.

fEPflAHI1

H3jaTpaKTIIBHa rpyna 011 lIaKIlTOT. cnopen 6neCOKOT UITO ro

npOIl3BCJI.YBa 3JlaTOTO II eonpmCHCTBOTO lIa Te.XHIIK3Ta lIa 113BC)l6aTa. cc

rCpll,aIHlTe. HajtlccTliTC npllMCpOl\1I ce COCTOjaT Olt pa3HOBliltHil nepJIII

113pa60TCHli BO BIIJllla MIIHlljaTypll1l aM¢opll (Cn. 30). 'me TellO C IICnOJlIICTO

co rpaHynH KOII lJeCTO flaTIi (I)Op~lIIpaaT BcreTa611l1HII opHaMCHTII. 111111 Toa

CC mipaMIIA3nHil IlpllBp30UII, '1Il1i CTpaHll ce naK IICnOJlHeTIl CO .rpallYJlII (CT!. 31). KapaKTepllcTwlHIl cc npllsp30UIITC BO ¢opMa lIa ABOJHII Tpane311.

eoeAIIHCTII Ha IIOKycliTe cTpalll1 (Cn. 32). npllcynlll ce IICTO TaKa II 611KOIlYCIIII

ncpJllI co AOAaTCIl yKpac OJ! rpallYJlII. Toa cc npliMCpOl(1I non KaT. No. 109. 148, 149, 285. 511 II Apyrll 01'KPIICIIII BO OlHnoc BO r p 060.BII KOII ce JlaTLI.p~::~ OIl 510-500 rOIl.97 Cnll'llIlI q)opMlIlIa npl!Bp30LllI. 110 co l-Ie3HaTHO 1I0PYC11I I

a "ITO rpaHynllTe CC 1I0KPYIIIIII. 113seA6a. Koja CC COCTOII BCYUJIIOCT caMO BO TO, Wi

COIlP)K1i eACH np"McpOK Ha repAali AaTlipall cca 560 rO)l.

. 6 IX,I BO neTlinen ce OTKPIICIIII IICTOBCTmi Bo Tpc6cHIIUlT<l BO I po 01' , >

99 HIIBH<lTa IInCHTII'II-IOC'1 c aMq)QpOIiAHIl " nlipaMIIAallll1l np"Bp30UII.

W Ibid. No. 49. 487

~ H. Bynl1h 1933. en. 14·17. . C 7 II SI2' 11 OT ApxaJcKc HC"pon01lc. 11, . "" I. Mikulcic, Pclagomja, T.X , ' : CTII •

'17 Smdos. rpo6oBlI 20. 2211 67_

"' Ibid. rpo6 28. No. 429. . 8 6 'F! II. BYllltl1 1933. en. 6 II H; MllKYJI,llth. ApxajCKe ItCKp0t10m:. Cn.. a ..

39

.+. . ,," IUTO 3a ""lytiOKOT .ueK<l CC lupa GoTYBaUIt flO lIeT ~ppanaHTIHI. T.h" ~ 33-16 11 pa60TIIJTIIIIIlli CC H3MCHTYS3 caM no cc6e (en. -).

BTOPIlOTTItn rep.naJHI ynncTcHII o,n CIIHllllp.llJlII C 1'oa ryeTo 1IaI1I1TKa/f

TC.rl, nOJH3T .. aKD C3nTenCOH co p.::pacHII,ncTanli H~_KpaC13I1TC - 3r-.IIICKII rnaB!!

( '0. 156). IlIlJTIIIIJlPII'IHII 33BPWCTOUJl ( o. 154" I))}. Ha KOII MO)KC Ita liMa II

3HTponor-.lOpqJHII npcTcT3BII (I o. 320). JlaTllpaaT Oll IIC1',O "PCMC KaKQ I[

npCTXO.l1HIlTC. BCYWHOCT. HIIBHaT3 HaMeHa He e coccr-.la )3CII3, 1UU Hanl! Cc

pa60TlI 33 repAnHII lint! yKpacli 1(011 ce CTaS3nc Ha f]laSaTa (Cn. 37).

BpcJlllo e na ce cnOMCH3T II fep,naHIl 0.11 KIIJJII6apCKil 3plll{a. no 60jfl ce TCMHoKCpaMIIJl,CHIl. tepnaHOT o,u rpa60T 28 Ott CIIH}:10C • .n3TllpaH eea 560 r. C COCTaBCIi o,u ar-.!OpcpHIi nap'Jlllba. emFIH II npIIMCpO l\1I COnp)KCJle I!

norpe6YBa~baTa 80 Tpe6ellllWTa. KaKO H rp060T Ha nplIHqCJClTa Oil nCTIIJlCIi

• DepaUl\I!. 3a pa3JlIIK3 Oil OBIIC rpy60 o6pa60TeHII !lcpJln. rCpJl:clJlOT Oft

rpoGoT 20 80 CHII.llOe liMa KIIJlll6apeKil nepnll OCPOPMCHII KClKO lUCCTOKpaKII

pOJCTIl 1\ GYKpaHiIOHll lOJ (en. 38).

3a 06eTKIITC II rCPIHlllIITC all CIIH.llOC. 6epaHl~1I II Tpc6cHIILlITCl. IICM3

.lla Haj.llCMC napancnll. n 03HaTO C .llCKa TCXHIlKaTa IIa cpllflllrpallOT II

rpaHYJlaL\lIjaTa. KaKO Il O.ll.llCn llll TCXHWIKII cnCMCHTIl (H<l npliMcp rycTO lIa8l1T­

Kali Ten. T.II. C3nTenCOHII). CC npIICpaTCHH 011 IICTOtllloMCllll1'epaHCKIIOT

KyJlTypCII Kpyr. McrYToa. TOKMY Ha OBOj npoCTOp 110)KllBynaaT nonH paJsoj

Hel 60raTCTBO Ha IIAcn. MOTlIBIl II KOMn0311l{1f1l. OC05CIIOCTII KaKll1i IIC~Hl Aa

epCTHe~IC BO .llpyrll perliOHII.

Kaj rcp.o:aHIlTC. 06C1'KIITC II II rn IITC TewKO MO)KC Aa cc lIaceT" CTIIJJeKIl

pa3Boj KO~ 611 npOinnerysan OA nOAonr xpoHonowKIi pacnoH 11<1 HCrOBaT(l

npO.llYKl{~:Ja IIJ1Jl KaKO npoll3BoAli OA pal{CTC Ha pa3HI! MajcTopn. WTD MO)KC

na cc 06Jae.HH co HHSIIOTO KpaTKoTpajHo npoH3BoACTBO. E,QllllcTBcHaTa

pa3J1JIKa KOja MO>KC Aa ce BOOtlll C Taa WTO Kaj rcpnaHIITc OA rp050T 28 on

CIIHAoe (No. 429), naTllpa H cca 560 ron., rpaHYJlIITC ce n OKpymlll. a 113pafioTKaTa HeWTO norpy6 (C 39) u .

a JI. . YI, KaKO UlTO lIeTClKIlYl3a B. n OnORlIK. MaKCJ~OHeKIiOT HaKllT 6n"ronap

, (l ~ CHIIC Ha HcrOBIlDT KOMII0311TCII KapaKTCp, MO)KC na ec !l3ABOl! 130 nocefiHa

rpyna, Hal'O Ha'IIIHOT Iia 113pa50TK<lTiJ 511TIIO He ee pa3J1I1Kysa on OeTall"TI 0

.~ , ." I l' rptlKH HaKlIT OA IICTOTO I3pCMC. np" IUTO nocc5110 o6cnc)fqc My Aasa .

. ' KPIfTCKO-KllnapCKaTa. BO KpajHa JlIIHIIJCl npenXeJJeHCKa KOMnOIlCIITa.J02

', .. HaaenelllJTe IJplI\lepOJVI ce OJI ('lJunoc.

Smdos, No. 136: Bynllh 1933. ell 51' ' , . He"ponone en 12 Bo.". ' Fdo\\, O.c. Abh. 114: MIU'YJJ'J1Jh. Apxillct.;e

• '. " J/ 011 rp060BIITe fep:FIJl Oi~ ronC\f1J 3MOP'" • 6 .lJeO,1a"lIIa OTKpUeJlIJ KaJ (\10"J1IIIIiI. e uapeJi

'pill! "'Iflll ape,," nap'JIIJl>a Bn. nO/lOllllh. o.c. 2S, .

MAJlOAJIICK II "'IIGYJlI1

ManOaJIICKIlOT TIlII clmGyJlII He ce oeoGcHo 'leeTII 130 rpoGOBIlTC 11<1

CIlHAOCKaTa HCKpOIJOna. Cc JaSYBaaT lIajpaHo 130 1l0encn,HItTC nBC J{CI~CIHIJI lIa

VI BCK II TpaaT AO eea 440 r. Ilaj6J11leKIl no 1I3BOPHIIOT oGnlJK ec Cll,CH '"Hln 'lIlaTIIII ~1II6yJlII co IKCJlC:JHa IIrna on rpoGOT 67. AaTlIpaH eea 510 r. (e1']. 40). eo P03CTII ua HoraTa Il f.1I<lBaTa II Tpll ~IL1']lIHnpH'IHJI nOnaTOL\1l Hil naKOT.

onTO~lelill co cpllnllrpaH II rpaHyna~IIJa. EACH 'IlHilT 6POH3CIHI {IHl6YJlII (('.1'].

41) Olt rp060T 73. naTllpaHIl eea 440 r .. co npcTcHeCTIl33Ac6cJlYSalhil JI<I JlaKOT.

ec jaBYBaaT KaKO Hajnoqllll. JH..\ OeT:'lHaTiITC npllMepOtJ;1I 01\ cpe6po 1111 naKOT

JIM ,taT SSCJACeTIl yKpaeli. 110 clmpMa Haj6J1JICKII AD acplIOIIOB<lTa '1aIIJKaY KaJ

I-!JIB d:: ynrrc HCUOCTi.lcyn<l npCTeTanaTa Ha 1MHCKa rmlBa, KOJa 1l0Hoqlla ec

jaSYBa KaKO 3ClnOJl)KIITCnCIl nCTClJb BO Kor-m0311l\ujClT<l. CUTe CC J~ClTlIpallJl KOIt

KpajoT lIa VI BCK. 80 O}~IIOC lIa GpOjOT Ha rpo60BIITC. BO Tpc6cIIIIUITil

MaJlOa311CKaTa <IHl6yJla C Hcurro no'/eeTa. OTKPI1CHII ec no KHC)KCBCKHTC

rp060BII. 110 IICTO TaKa II BO T.Il. el1po~!aUlHl1 rp060slI. l1 AOACK<I ellllnoeKIl"!'C

cpe6pCHII npIiMcpOI.(1I KaKO ACt npOll3J1Crne OA CHHa pa60TJ1J1I1JI[~il. Kilj

~)1I6yn liTe OA Tpc6cIIIIlIITa CC rncAaaT pa3J1I1'-1HII MajeTopll. HO IIAcJaTa C lIeTa:

JlaKOT C yKpaccil co CTIIJlII311palili aqmoHoBIl 'JaWKIi. a 3MlleKaTa rJlana ec

YUlTe IIC Hawna np"MCHaJOf. (Cn. 42). Y6asliTc npmtCpOI(1l Ha cpc6pclllrrc

{lm6YJlII OA nCTllncfI-6cpalll~H (D. 43) HoeaT lteT!! KapaKTcplleTIIKIl. II<1KO

acplloHoBIiTC 'laUlKIl lIa naKOT IIMaaT pa3BllcHa CPOPM<l Y HCKOJlK)

npllMcpOLtll OA XaJlKIIAIlK IIMaaT HCtJA06pu aH<lJlOrIJIJ no Tpc6cIIII1I1"'"Tl!

<p1I6ynll' ''' (Cn. 44). n03HClTO C II BO lIaYK<lTa np"cjJaTcHo AeKa cjJII6ynil on OBO) Till!.

AaTHpa1l1l BO KpajoT HCI VIII BCK. nOTeKHysaaToA fOPHIIOlll1 E<pcc.HI'J MCI~yToa, 3Ha tJajHo C ll<l CC KOlleTaTlipa AeKa TOKMY Hil najollcKIJOT nr~CTOp ManOCl3I1CK<lTa ¢II6yna ro flOCTllrllYBa BpaOT Iia eBojoT pa31l0j. 11I1C]<1'1''' C

n03ajMcila on IICTOK, HO. CIlIl<llll npllclJaTeHa Ha oaJlKaIIOT, KC ec IKnBJlc no TaKon CTCnCI1 1111'0 KC eTaliC OMIIJlCJI II PC'IIICII 3<l,Qon)KJlTCnCIi Ite]! OJ\

CPYHKll llollaJlHlloT JIII'lel! IIl1neliTap H H<l 60raTilTc II lIa 110el!pmtaUlIlIITC

OrlnJTceTBCHIl CJlOellll.

n Sindo ... No. 328.

'>I Ibid, No. 523.

1.1 Ibid No. 63. 114, 1.12. LB. :'116.

II BYJlItil 1931. OJ 25: IICTIJOT 1933. en. IS.

1 I MikulCic, Pclagonija, T.XII. 51,21

P Amandl)·. ox PI. xxv. I-'XI 149.

1 1'1 R. A ~ilggin .~, Grcd and Roman Jc\\cllcry. Londnn 1961 , 131

41

Bo lIeTO IlpeMC. 11[\ 6al1K<1HCKaTJ HOlma qm6yJJaT<l Ho611BiI nOKaJlHO o6cJlc>Kjc. TOh.MY Tyl\(] []pCTeUeCTII1~e~ 3aAe6cnYBa~b<~ cc P~,J~ IIBa ~lT no CTIIJlJl3J1paHil aq)llollooa \1311110::3. Bp3YBaJKII ce 3a CyWTl!C1 SCHItO I Cl1CMCl1T 1a

. OC or "',"OHOT ilypll nOIlOllHJ . BO TCKDT nf] IV BCI( ).;.Or' n3JOHCKJlOT flP T • u't· ., ~ '" acpliOIiOT fa ry6n CBOCTO CIIM60JlJllIHO 3HJ l IClbC. yKpaclI1 C "~ qmfiymlTc CC

npeo6pa3ynaaT 80 SSC3Jl.CCTIl Jt3paCTOLl,IL Pa3JlWIHilTC sapllJaHTII IIa QUilt;:

Ao,naTou.1I nOfillSJJT 6apOKHII OC06CHOCTII. WTO r.lO)KC na6po na ce cnCJI,Il npcKY

nplIMcpOllliTe on )K.nJHCU Kaj Clmnje. na no HJOAJlTC Oll. WTP n U. 1I BO DOCila II

B ,I< 1.Iypyr BO OJ BO,!{JUW.

IIrJIH

YKpaCIlTC BO BIIA 113 aqHloHoBH ~laWKH UITO rli CJlCAaT M3JlOa'JIICKIiTC

cpy6yJIIL CC jaBYBaaT KaKO no npaSI1JlO II Ha IIrJllITC, paCI10pC.QCHIi nOlt

IlJlO'ICCTaTa TpKanC311a rn3sa. rOpHaTa nospw~lHa lIa rnan~lTa e YKpaCClla co

opHaMCHT BO q)OpMa lIa p03eTa, WTO e BCYWHOCT AIIKTIlpal-IO co lIej31111<lTa

TPK,tnC3Ha ¢opMa. CIiTe n03HaTli npUMCpOL(1I OA cpc6po OTKP"CIlIl 60

CIIHAOC, 6epaHl~1I II Tpc5cHIIWTa CC H3S0HPCAHO 113pa6oTCHIi ' 11 (Cn. 45 - 47).

Kaj 0MClIlili cnY'1311 cc '-IyBCTBYBa paKaTa Ha IICT MajcTop IInll 6ape~1

IICTa pa60TIIJlHIII~a. EACH npllMcpoK OA 6pOH3a, 6C3 p03cTa lIa fn3BaTa II

0611 11HII npcTcHccTlI3ane6ellYBaJ-ha Ha IlfJlaTa, nOTcKHYBa OA rJlOC - rp'IIIUlTC

.aj Ban'''nOBO'" (Cn. 48).

npIiMCpOU.IlTC on PajJ,OllIlWTa oTKplieHIl 3a BPCMC IICKonYRalbcTo Ha

M. rp611K cc 113pa60TeHil OA 6poH3a, a jJ,aTHpaHH BO V BCK npcA H.C. (Cn,49).1 '

nOTcKnoTo I-Ia OSHe HfJlH ce Bp3YBa 3a nenonOIlC3. 3a pa3J11IK:J 01\ Q>1I6YJlIITC, Kaj HIIB He ee IlysCTByBa OC06CH CTHnCKII II TllIlOnOUlKH pa3130j

WTO 611 MOIKcn Aa cc enCAIl BO TCKOT Ha CACH nOAoIlr nCpHO]l. Cc ljlllW ACKa

ee 113pa6oTYBaHII BO TeKOT Ha HCKonKY jJ,c l ~eHIlH. 011 KpajoT Ha VI 110 lIo'leTOKOT Ii a V BeK.

42

II Be. 235 oKonOOct:a-P l1awllK. EncH rpo6 on )l(naIlCL{, 3S0PIIHK A.M., C'KoliJe 1975.

,co l!ltTUpalla nllTcpaTypa_

II Smdos,No.II3,515·BymdI1931 en 20 u , • . . ; f'lCTIIOT 1933. en. 12; EACII1l38011PCltCI1 cpe6peu ITPIIMCPOK. 110TI10nliO cO'lyoa" c pe. lelia neKa ITOTCKHY03 on Bcpnlll3 Olla e elll11lCTDen HaOn on ooa apCMC 00 BcprllIla co K - B -M AN6PONIKO! B OJ CC II.OKa*yoa KOI1TllHYIlTCTOT 113 ;'IOlUcell,e, "nll-MAKE60NIA ,EPrJNA, ANArKA<I'H 1987, To APXAIOAOrJKO EPrOITl1

KAI 9PAKIJ, I. 1987, Cn. 5. 3. rcoprneo. EneMCtlTIl lIa pallaTa allTI1Ka Cn 7

!l Jb . . 3

, l1on08l1h. AlITII'tKa rp'lKa 3611pKa. No. 160 II 161

3nJTHo·cpc6pCIIIIOT '[min IIrnl!. OTKP"CHII BO CUHAOC 80 rroGOT 20, npJlllaraaT HJ IICTIIOT Tim. co Toa WTO Bp3 fnJBaTa e 113BCACI-Ja KOHYCIIJ pOleTa

BO TCXIHlKa Ha cpllllllfpall. MCT npliMcpoK on cpc6po OTKplleH e BO rp060T IX BO Tpc6eullwTa 1l4 (Cn. 50, 51).

Bo !leTO BpCM~ w3p<l60TYBallll ce IIf.llll yKpaecHIl co Hlua <I(I)IIOHOBII

~mlllKII, Bp3 KOII KaKO rnasell yKpae ec nBe KpynHIl TonKII, ",aJ paJllllTC

npliMcpOqll pa3.111I'IHO MOAenllpaHlI 80 cpopMa Ha acp"OHosa '13WK3 11~ «('.'1.

52). OA lIeTHOT TllIl ec Ana tlllcpTa IIfnll OA 311aTO oTKpncHIl BO emmoc (Cn. 53) BO rp060T 28, J"ITnp311 HO eea 560 r. II (ClI. 54) on rp06 67. n3T1lpali BO ec .. ,

510 r. cc penpc3ellTaTIIsIIII npllMcpo,-\1I 113pa60TcHli BO cplIIlllrpali II

rpaHynal\llja. 111>

Kaj IICKOllKY npllMcpOiW lIa 11m II cnllHCTscHIiOTYKpaCC 3i:WPWCTOKOT

Ha riiasaTa, 113BClICII co Tpll ellllpaIlllo 113SIITKal!ll Kpacsll. 1I7

YUlTC cncu IIpllMCpOK JacJlY)I{ysa na 611nc nocc6110 IICTaKI13T. lC

pa60TII 3a nsojll<l IIrlla, 1/3 rnaBaT3 3HUPWClIa co Ase ellMCTpll'lJ[O noeT!JIlCHH

3MHII co SCPTlIK<lJlHO cnnCTC1II1 onaWKII"8 (Cn. 55). nOTCCTYS3 11<1 uraClI!->.

crnneTeKIl KpaneKIl c1IM6oJl. "pilKa l lel-l I-Ia KpaJleKIi Alljallct.1I1 II KpYIlI1. 3a npl1MepOKOT OA KOnCKl\lIjaTa CTaT<lTOe (Cn. 56). AMaliAPIl BClIIl IlCKil BO

rpl\lIja e cnopaUII'lell, 3 KaKO 3113JlOnlll rll noco~lyB3 n30nllTC OTKPIICIIII BO

4aywlIl\<l, MIIKpa Kapa6ypyu II naTe.lll1.

Ha Kp3jOT Ila rn CIIOMellCMC IIf.llllTC OJ], TlmOT micra. np"MCpOllilTC

Oil Tpc6elllllliTa (CJI. 57) 113pa60Tellil Oil epc6po, '1ajaI..:naTIi co CSllnWII3 A(1II~a, ce lIaoraHIl BO noseKc fp06oSII .1I9 33 PH3J1IIKa OA oeTaHaTIlTC TlHlOBll lIa IIr}1l1

" HIIBHII Baplijall1'lI. KOII, KaKO IIITO PCKOBMC. IlManC KyC BeK 113 IlJpaGoT",a,

IIfJlIITe OJ], TltnOT OMCfa MacOBIiO ee 113pa60TYBaIHI. oc06eHO oJl6pOtlJil, \I BO

TCKOT Ha V BCK. PO

Oil OBOj KYC OCBpT BPJ BIIIlOBIiTC II (twpr.HlTe Ita H3KII1'OT Mo:+::aT Il<l CC

HanpaS3T HCKOJIKY KOlle1'aTat\lII1.

II' Sindos. No. 129: By1ll1h 1933. en. 7.

II~ 1 L Bynllii 1933. eft, 7 II II

116 Sindos. No. 33011 435.

117 B. Filo\\,. (I,e. Abo_]2. 3 . .5_

11K Ibid, Aob_ 32. 4

11 Ibid, Abo. 31: Bynuh 1931.C,,_ 23, 24 • 120 KOIl KpaJOT 113 V ac" cc ol1l1ccya3 l1orpe6yoall,eTO lIa 1.;QlbCK3 ~m"pera co IW'IIIFlI1I~1 I

MIIJ.(yn'III~. )i(n.mel{ 1')9(), PaIlO(IIIT1I'IKO lIorpe6yo3lbe. MACED ACf..\ ARCHAI.OL

6p. 12. CJ.(ollje 1991. 183 1111 .. en, 2117.

• ' 60TCH nO TCXHIIKa II(]. <fJllJJllrpall II rpaIlYMHul," 311<lT1I1I01' I!aKIIT, IIJpa ..',

, aCfI,JOCTpaIlCTOCT: TCPIIToplIJaJtl-IO CC IlllJYlla ]'I 1I\l<l ~lIIory \tall PilAUYC 11,\ pc. ,",' '6, '

n cn"roll 11ja II X:1l1KII!lIlK. Mcrycc Jll<lTd <IJpau[lIrnl"l

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I ".OT.IIJIITC II CTIIJIOT Ha\IC1 H) oa J<ll-.:nY'IOK Ill!"';! e cpCAHoeT H<l ()Op \1I11 C. f,

6 no""n,lII ptl60TIIJ]HII~1I II Toa BO CnCH Y\ICTlIII'IKO 1I3pa OTyn3H BO...... <

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. ..OCT TO'1 ce IIC1'II1'C pa60TIIJ1HIII~1I KOII 1I0nOl(lIa no ronC\\a TCXHII'IK3 }MCUl . • , ' TCKOT lIa KnaCII'II/1I0T II xcncHllcTII'IKIiOT ncplloll. KC ro 113pa6oTynaaT OIiOJ

'" 0 ccr" 80 HOB CTIIJI HOBII CPOpMII II MOTIISH. npC'-PlllleT IWKIIT. II CI • ,

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noronCM<l pacnpocrpaHeToCT 1\ BpeMCHCKIi nOIl,OJIra ynoTpc6a. IGlKO 11 11'0 CC

Ha npllMCp Manoa311CKlI01' TlIII qJll6YJIII. 6enenllll co 3MIICKII rnaBII 1IJ111

CPYPKe1'lI. oc06cII0 OHlIC Oil 1'IHI01' m.lcra. UJ1'O 3Ha'lII 1I0C01'IIIIII lICJIOBI! Oil

lWKII1'. 1'011 IIMCla1' II npClK1'II<IHCl y no1'pe6a.

KYJlTllll flPE/l.METlI

3Cl Kyn1'oBIITe Ha CAHa nonyJIa~HJa MO)Ke Il,a cc CYIlI! c n opCll

npeTcTaBIlTC " cIIM60nliTe Bp3 npeAMeTIl 1(011 IIMaaT nOKanllO 110TeKJIO.

K ynTH31'a CIlM60nliKa Ila npClIMC1'1I Oil. Tyro nOTCKJIO He MO)KC na cc np"IIIIUlC

Ha !lOKanHQ1'O IIClccnCIlIlC. Cnopc,[I Toa, MopaMC Il,a nplI<l)aTII\IC JtCKCl

npC1'CTaBIITe II e llM60JIII1'C Ha npC,[IMCTlITC 0,[1 nOKaJIlIO nOTCKno. OTKP"CHII

80 elllmoe. Tpe6cmlllITa H Il.pyrll nOKaJIllTeTII. Cll ryp ll O CC 1I0Bp3allil CO

KYJlTOBIITC HCl MCCHOTO IIClccnCIlIIC.

rOJlCM .!teJI on rp061111Te np"n031! BO norpe6YBalb3T3 UJTO CC IIpCJ~"CT

113 HaUJIlOT IIIlTepec MO)KaT,[Ia CC o npe.uenaT KaKO KynT1l1I npCJl.MeTIIII KyJITllfI

CIIM60nliKa l13pa3CHa BO npCTCTaSllTC lIa apXCOJIOWKlI1'C HaOIlIl. Cc Jlo6111lCl

BlTe'[ClTOK llCKCl HCljroncM llen Ila rp061111TC npl1n0311 , HC33BIICIIO 011 IIIIBIJaT<I

HClMCIW, npClKTII<IIJa Illill YKpaC lla, COIl.P)KClT enCMell1'1I 113 KynTII<I CIIM60nl[K<I.

Co Il.pym 360pOBII, CC 'JlIIIII IlCKa HCMa npCIl.MeTII, O}J,IIQCIIO I~CTaJll I , 11113 KOll

He C 11 3p a3CIIO IICKaKBO Bepysalbc, nOIIllT, KynT. KaKO [11'1'0 KC BIIIlIlMC BO

HaT<lr.lOwHOTO IlJnJrCl lbc. CIITC npCAMCTI1 ce nOK,UlIIO 11 3pa6oTYB<Hll1. uno

noce6HO ro 3roncMYBa HIIBHOTO 3l1Jllclhe.

OB<l<l nojana HC MO)KC .lIa ce cq)a TlI K(\KO JIII'l ell aqH1J1I1TC1' l1a

YMCTHIIKOT - r.mjcTOp IUTI! KaKO COBPCMCH ACKOpaTl1BCII encMclIT. TyKy ro

OJ.\pa3YBa Il.YXOB IlII OT )KUBOT Ha nonynal\lIjaTa U1TO rll co :maBan<l 11

npaKTJIKysana. npllToa. Mopa J~a ce np"3Hae BClUTllllaTa 11£1 YCOrJJaCYUa1bC

Ha IInCllTc CO q)OpMaTa II HaMCHaT<l lIa nOC1li1HClIHIlTC J.\cnQBII 01\ npC,[IMCTIiTC.

44

nOTPE611H MACKII

Oc06ellOTO JI!,-I'IClhC 11<1 norpc6HIITC MaCK!! ja HarnacyaCl nOTpcGaTil

,[Ia C ~ Janp)f(II\IC 11ft CCKOj II<IOn nOCnlllle'IHO, Japanll Toa WTO cCKoja MaCIo.:iI C

np";,ICPOK caM 3a ccGc. nplIToa. KC CC np)f(II\IC no pcnoC.'1CaOT lIiI 1I1I8IIOTO

OTKP"BaJbC.

J. 3naTita MaeKa. (Cn. 58). OTKp"cHa BO rpo6 I BO Tpc6cIIIIllITa

H3pa60TCH<l C 011 Tp,-HlCJOlill IIO naptlC 1111\1 co 3a06JICHil KpaeSII . .n1llo.:OT 1Ii1

nOK jllllKOT C o6pa6cH co nCKOp<lTIIBCH <I)PIl3: rope Mcannap. a HCl TpllTC

eTp 11m nJICTCHIll.\a. MaCK<lTa nOKa)f(YBa KO\16I1uClu,uja HCl nCJIOBII OTIICllilTl1

O}l, nllu,CTO Ha nOKOJIIIIKOT II CTlln ll :mpalili nCTa11l1. H oeOT, oGpa3 11TC II GrallaTa

K<lK n<l ce {IJOpr.lI!pallli CO OTIIC'J<lTOK. nOneK<I O'IIITC II YCTClTa ee I~OTcpYBallll.

a B ' IITC IIOTI10JIIi0. llypil IICBC[lITO CTIIJlII3I1paIHl. Bp3 KopeliOT 113 HOCOT C

Ilpl! ;([I)I(all<l lI'leml.

Cnopcn ny6J1 I1KalVIj aTa lI a <1>lInOB. BO rpoGoT ce HajncHl1 OPOJIIII

npenMeTII: encn KOPHlITCKII UlneM II eneH wne~l Oil .,rp'IKO-1I11IIpeKIl'· Till!.

KpaTep. TPOHO)f(CL.\. ojHoxoa II npyrll Ca,D.OBII 01\ 6pOH3a. cpe6pell pIITOII.

Kepar.m'IKIl canOSIi. IJ,CnOBIi Oll OPYJKjc II yunc pCll,D.pyrll npe,D.MCTII.

2. 3naTiJa MaCKa. 1I0TCKllYB<I Oil rp06 V BO Tpe6eHllwT<I. LI.c .. 'l) \IBO C

oWl'eTC l lam (en. 59). 3a<IYBaHII1'c AcnOBIJ nOKaJKYBaaT j<lcn<l CTIIJlIlJ<lllllJ<1

Ha n.~TanIlTc O,D.lII1UCTO. OC06CHO lIa O'IIITC. MaCKaT<I C 06pa6eHa co Opm1\1CIIT

MaeKaT<l C lI<ljllell<l co 6p01l3CI~ wnCM Oil "rptIKo-IUlIlPCh: II " Tlln.

6POH3CHli Ca,D.OBIi. epc6pclla ' lama, nClIOBIi on opy>Kjc II nrym JJI<lTlHl II

6PO ll3CH II IlpenMeTiI.

3. 3naTlia M<leKa (Cn.60). 113pa6oTclla on Tpll arOJlHO napljc JlI!r.I co

3aofJICIIII eTp,lIliL MacKaT<I nOK<lJKYBa KOM6111wUllja Ha OTHCllaT\! IlcnOB11 Olt

JTII eTO H<l nOKojHIIKOT. I\CnYMIIO /10TCP<lIIll. CellaK, ce lIaceTYBa IIIln lIBIIIIY·

anc CI JIIIK lIa Ma>K 113 cpcnlla B03paCT. 06pa311TC ec 311<l'UlTcnI!O IICIWKHaTlI, <l

0 '11 e BOBne'lellli KOII KOPCIIOT lIa 1I0COT, WTO ce 3ClC)J,HO MO)f(e Jta ce Cq)ClTII • Ep.n"Ta C Ha3HaljCH<l co TO'lKaCTlI KaKO IIH,D. IIBllnya1ll lli KapaKTcpIICTIiKl1. 1\<0 «

M "c ..... 'r. e BpaMeHCl co nllllCarlll1 II y60lIll II nllllcapHIi BpC)f(ynalba. " ... " < , , r 0 . Tpe6cllllWTa 80 rpoG VIIL I

•J

no yKpy:>KHII Op"<lMeHTII. TKP"CH<I e BO .

B Filow. o.c. Tafel I.

II Ihid. Talel 1. 2.

H. Bynllh 1931. en.

45

Bo IICTIIOT rp06 ce HajJ{CIIII SKYIlHO 52 npcJ{MCTIl on KOII 11 3.QBOJYBa\It:.

6POH3C H IUJlC>.1 Oil .. rp'IKO-IIJlHPCKU" Tim. nBC JlJa1'HIl caHnanH. paK<lBHI{a:

npeTcn. ncxapll II PUTOI! Oil epe6po. KpaTep co BonYTIl. 5POH3CIIII caAOUlt.

Tpll epc6pcH il cpll6YJIli 011 Manoa311CKII Tim co 3M IICK II rnaslt. T.H. OM era

<11ypKCTII. OPY)Kjc. II rJTlI co IIllo'lcCTa rna sa II a<lmOI-101311 'laWKII Het Ilrn<lTa It

JlP. rp060T C MetU.IKII.

4. 3n3THa MaCKa (01. 61), OTKpn eHa BO Tpe6cHIIWTa 80 rpo6 IX. np"nara Ha )KCHCKa I11I1lIlBIIJlya. J.1Jpa60Tclia C OA TpllaronHo napllc nliM co

3a06ncIIII eTpaHII. O,n Tpll eTpaHI! C BpaMcHa CO JlCKOpaTIIBcH CPPll311CIlOJlHCT

eo I1J1CTCHIlLta. llcTaJlIITc OA JIIIL{CTO Ha n OKoj llllKoT cc 113BCnCHil HCSCIUTO.

CO eJIo60nHO MOJ{cnllpalbC II CT IIJIII3I1palbc. oe06cll0 YO 'IJl IISO Kaj D'/ilTe II

BCtll'fC. llypll II HOCOT. KOj C CCKaKO 113BnCl iCH co oTn c'l<:lTYBaJi>C, 0AMna

wa6noHII311paHa npCTCT<lBa. Ha TOj HalUII! 1l3BCAC lHi cc II YC HIITC. KaKO It

sAna6f1aTllllaTa HaA HIIB.

Bo rp060T ec OTKP"CHII 6pOjllli npcJ{McTU: ACJIOIHI OA3naTCH II cpcfipclI

HaKIiT (06CTK II. n cpn Jl Oil tCpn:aH II , CPypKCTl1. rp"slllI. <tm6YIlII), 6POH3CIHI It

KcpaMIPilol Ca)lOBII , CTaKnCH Il II Kllnll6apcKil npc,l.V·ICTIf.

5. 3I1aTHa MaeKa (en. 62). MOWIIC cpparMcIITlipaBa. 12S J.1 3pa60Tcua c

o.a TpaIlC30111.\HO HaptiC J1IlM. CpCll lllUHlIOT II )lOn IlIlO1' ):tcn 110TIIOnli0 IICJlOCT<l·

cysaaT. Pa60BIlTC CC IIcnOIllIcnl co JlC KOpaTllBC ~1 <111'113 Oil BPC>K3HIl Tp"ar01l'

1II1l.{1I . no.u O'IIITC 11 Bp3 06pa311TC CC npCTCTaSCll1i p03eT" If KOHL{CHTP"'!HII

Kpyronll. OIl nliKOT KOj Tpc6ano )la j a npHKa>t<c nOKojullqaTa 3a l lYBalili CC

Acnos li OA OlIllTC" KOPCHOT I-Ia HOCOT, nOTnonHO U1cMaTlI3l1pali0 npcTcTallcHIi.

U cnaTa MaCKa C BO 311aKOT Ha cTIIJ1Il 3alJ,uja. Cc llHlI lI ,ltCKa HilTy CAC" JJ:eJl Ht.: C

OTIICllaT on JIlIL{CTO lIa YMPCI-I IiOT. H aj )lCHa C BO n CTlllJ c n -6CpaH I(11.

MaCKaTa e OTKpnCHa CO 6 POH3CH KpaTep II xll,ltplija II nap~lIl1na 3JlaTCH

11 cpc6pcu HaKIIT: rpllBIIII , ctHl6YJln, CPypK CTII, 06CTKII II nl1paMIlAanHI! II

a/o.lCpopOIl)lHII nepJIII.

6. 3I1aT Ha MaCKa, (Cn. 63), npllnata lIa >KCIICK3 1I11)l IlSIlAya.

JtfJpa60TcHa C OIl Tp"arOJlIIO naptlC nllM co 3ao6nci-lil KpaCBII. COCCM<l e

lIeTYTKaua. Haj)l06p o 3a l lYB3111f0T )lCII C Hoeo'l'. 3a KOj jacllo ce f JlCAa JlCK3 e

q>opMl1pall no naT Ha OTne'laTYBaH:.C OA nHl(CTO lIa n OKoj llll uaTa. Ce 3a6cIIC)KYBaaT HCWTO n oj ac lIl! Tp anl 0,0: nCBOTO OKO CO IlCraTa II yeTaTa,

cyMapliO 06J1 I1KYBaHlI. Gnlle nCTaJIll OA JIlll.l,CTO MO)Kc6H 6 11IlC nonpCl.{1l3!10

II~ II. BynltH 1933, Cn. I.

III H MlIl{yn'lIIh, ApX<lJCKe lIel{pOIIOne, Cn. 9. Sjndo~. No. 115.

46

OTIlC'laTCHl1. UO nOAOl.{Ha cc OWTCTCHlt Ce 'IIIHIl AeKa cc paooTIl 3a

nOB03paclia IlllnllnllAya. lIaKO COCTOJoaTa AD Koja CC Ii<lora M3CKaT<l lie ,IlWBOIlYBa,lla CC TSPAII Toa.

MaCK(1Ta C OTKp liell3 Ha CllHIlOCKaT(1 IICKpOllona BO rp060T 20, n;:lT llpa ll

510-500 r ., BOCHHO co 311aTHII naHlle1lKn, CpC6pCHII cpypKeTIl co 311<1"1'11<1 "OllyCH<l

rnaBa, c pe6pCIIII <!)YPKCTII. qHlOYTlII II 6CTlCfJlIlI. cpc6pe u KaHTarOBIIJlCIi caA.

rep.aaH Oil KIIMI6apcKII nepTiIi. KCpaMll'lKII II 6POtl3CHil C<lIIOIIII, CT01l "

CTOIl'IIHba on: :.KCIIC30. 3naTCH yKpac BO SlIll lIa POJCTa. pacKolllcH rcp.tIClH

COCTanCH O,ll aMcpopoBIlAHII II Tpanc30llJHIII ncplll1, 3llaTHil (plllll1rpallcKIl

06eTKIl. 311(1TCII rCPll311 Oll ryCTo HaBIITKali Ten Co yKpaccHl1 Kpacnll, crc6rCt'

CIIHI,II1P co :JIlClTlIII 3aBpmCTOl.{1I BO BIIA lIa 3MIICKII maBI! II IIp.

7. 311aTII(1 MaCKa (Cn. 64), npHnara lIa nOMJ1a).l, M3:.K.1n Onpllclla e

3aC,Il IIQ co GpOll3CH !HIICM O,Q " rp 'IKO-lIJlIIPCK lt " TIm BO rp060T 115, Jl<lTllpall

cca 520 r. J.1 3p a60Tell<l C Oil nap'lc 11I1M co IICnraBIITI Ha npaSoarOJ1I1<l (j1opMa.

J.1 3Bcn:eHa C LtC110CII0 co oTllc'l aTYBalbc O,ll I111l.{eTO H3 nOKOJIIII"OT

11 3soHpeAll0 ycnculIlo 1138nC l iCil I1I1K lIa MIIaA '-lose". co IIrCllll31l0

113811ClJCHliTC nCrH, JaKlloneHIITC o'm. 1I0COT. YCIIIlTC II )lCnYMHO 6paSlaTa. 130

rp060T cc HaJAcBlI :.KCIIC3HIt MelleSIt II lip.

8. 311(1Tlla MClCKa (CJI. 65), 11 3pa6oTcn3 Oil Tpane30llAli0 nap'lc J1I1M 12~

np"KCl:.KYS(1 nOTlIOJI HO peallllCTJI'lell III1K IJa cTapH ua, IIc611 CII 110 1I;n 11<1

npeu,IIJIlO 3CMCH OTne ' laTOK, CO BCt l! . 3aK1I0llCHil o'm, WIlPOK IIOC, CTllCIJaTlt

YC IiII . 3ao6I1Clla 6palla 1l1l3pa31lTO IICl laKllaTlt 06pa31111a II II u,eTO. 13I1COKO IIPJ

' ICIIOTO liMa Ullja.lleMall3SlIC.ICHaCOARCllapallCIIHllna l lU llpe6pa. lloco1. c

OTIiCHaT OA noce6HO nap'le 1I1lM. npCTXOAUO YKpaCCHO co FlJIICBIIIIIIII

opHaMeHTIl (K liMa). lI ajuclla C BO rp060T 56, naTllpaH eea 510 r. Ji.lCIl110 co

KepaMlI'lKl1 callOB II , 311aTeH repnall OIl aMcflopOB I1 ,1l11Il. GItt":OIlYCIlIi \I

"panc301l1t HIl ncpnll. 3I1aTH ll 06eTKil no cJlopMa Ha cflnllllrpaucKa P0'3CT(l,

noncKe 3naTIHI naH)len KIl , 'lIlcJlT CpC6pCIIII q1ypKCTJI co n1l0~ICCTa rn aun II Up.

9. 3naTila MaCKa (01. 66). 113pa60Tell3 OA TpKaIlc3Ho Ilap'lC I1IlM. p~

npllnara Ha )KClia. Cc 3a6cIIC:.Kysa nC Ka 1I0COT II. AOlleKaJle. YCTaTa. ce

H3BIIC'ICHil co OTnC'IaTysaH.C. 1I0nCKa O'HlTe [[ Bchne CC UlCM<lTCKJI

np"Ka)t(1HII. D'iinc CC nplIKa:.KaHIl OTBOPCIllt. co jaeHo BlIllllllHa 3ellltll'l. Bpl

lleJlOTO C 1l0nYKpy:.KI-Ia pc6peeTa AlljaneMa. 3a pa31111Ka OA npCTxOllllaTa,

127 IbId No. 239.

Ie' Ibid. No. 282.

I1'I l hid. No. 322.

47

.11CJlyoa MOIUIIC CTIWIIJllpaIIO. C..:: 3a6encIKynaaT C1'lln11:111 p<1110 npCTCTilBClI1!

yWII.

f\.laCII::1Ta C OTKpllCHa jac,nIfO eo MOWHC GoraTIl 1I~01l1l: JnaTCIi repiHIH

COCT3Bell OJt 611KOUYCilII qmnllrpctHCII:1I ncpnll. JJl<lTCH rCpJlClH on aMqJOpo.

BIIAHII. nllp3MII,1laJlHIIIIGIiKOIlYCHII nepnll. 'IInfJT 3nanlll ManoaJIICKI[ qmGYJlJ[. CIlHI.lllp On3naTCII cnnCTCH Ten. 3naTHil 4>ypKeTIl co KOI~yclla rJT:1BCI II no ABa

TOnQCCTIi yKpacll HCI IIrnaTCI.

1 D. 3naTH:1 M3CKa (Cn. 67). H<lj,neHa co wneM on .. rp~1 1(0-II1II1PCKII" Tlln

00 rpoGoT 62. ,naTllpaH cca 520 r. MOWHC C OWTCTelia. U/) 33'IYBail C 1I0COT II

.nenODIl OKOJlY O'IIiTC II YCTClTa. HOCOT C OTIlCHClT. 1I0Jl,CKa O'llI'rc Cc

CTllnllJllpalil'. no q>opMa 6anCMacTII. Ilajnella e BO MaUIKIl rroG, co JnaT1l1l

neUT11 Ha1a6cHIl. 6pOIIJCH npoxyc. )f(CJle3eH f<IC'1 II Ill'.

11. 3na1'IICI M<1CKa (Cn. 68). u,cnOCHO 3a~lysalla, 110 MOUIIIC CTYTKfll!n,

On llCTanilTC Ha nlllJ,CTO jacllo ce paCn03H<lBa caMO HOCOT. npllilara II;'I

KOnCKlJ,ujaTa CTaT<lToc. ccra 130 ATIIHa. 131

OBOj cyMapcu npcrnCAIlCI 3naTIHITe MaCKIl II0Ka)f(YBa 1(CK<I np"CT,HIOT

KOH HIIBH3Ta 113pa601'K3 e ,nBocTpaH. Kaj C.11HII JlIIKOT lIa nOKojHIIKoT C

npeqll3110 113BnC'ICli co oTnellaTYBaH>c. 6e3 ,o,onOJlHllTCJlHO .11oTcpYBaH)c. IIpl!

WTO ee .n0611CIIII pcanllll flIlKOBII, co pCaJIlICTll'ma {IJII3I1oHoMlija. QBa c ycnewHo 113BC.nC1I0 Kaj MaCKaTa 6p. 8 OA CiIH.nOC. Ka.nc e jacHo (1)OpMllpall

IIHAIiBIlAyanclI nopTpeT. MCT C CJIylfajoT II co MaCK<lTa 6p. 7. Ka1tC ce rnCll<l

jaccH nltK lIa MnaA 'IOBCK. Kaj .npyrIlTc, oTTlc'IaTyo<llbCTO C lunpUlclio

ncnYMHo. Haj'lccTo car-IO no npeJl,Cno1' Ha HOCOT. a neTanliTC ce lIo1'c pynaHII

IlJlIl cc coceMa CTllnllJllpalll1.

MncjaTa na cc 3a'IYBa nllKOT Ha nOKojHIIKoT nOTeKIiYBa BO ErJlIICT

YWTC KOII KpajoT lIa crapoTo u,apcTBo npaseHIl cc MaCK II 110 lIaT Hi.l 3C1'olalbC

OTnC'laTOK co 1I0ncKccnojll0 nCHCHO lIJIaTHO. npCKplleHO co IlITyKO. MaCKlirc

CC 1tOnonllllTCJlII0 MOJ1CJllipaHli II CJTlIKa lHi cnopC1t nliKOT lIa nOKojIllIKOT.

nOnOll.H<I cc 113pa60TYBami 0.11 3naTCil nliM co JJ:OIIClrllO CllIIl(albC II yKpaCYB<ilhC

co non~nparll KaMCI-h<l. n 03HaTII CC BaKBIl MaCK II lIa Thuya " Tutankhamon.

DOII:paJ nIlKOT, TIIC COnpIKaT II noronCM ncn on 611CTaTaY2 11<1 DanK31IOT

norpe6HII MaCK~1 CC janYBaaT BO MIIKCHa. OTKPIICIlII so KpanCKClTa IICII:POIIOJJa

(Kpyr A" Kpyr B).1\aTllpaHiI BO XVI SCK. 3a pa3nllKa o.n erunC1'CKIiTC He cc 60eHH. a cc 113pa60TCilil 01\ 3naTCH II cnCKTpOHCKIl n IIM.IU I I HBllaTa ronCMJllt<I

48

1 Ihid. No. 421

1)1 P Amandry. o,c. PL XX

m M Salch·H Suurou ' ' .... E Il.ln, wC 'gyplian ~luscum Cario. 1987. NO.14S.174_

1\ G, Mylon,L\, MI)'ccnac and II 't-.! Ie ycenaean Age. New JersC), 1966. No.H4, 97

e OrpaHIl<JCII<l eaMO lIa rn'HHlTa. Ka"OB IUTO e cnY'JaJOT co TpeGeHlllllt..:IITl! II

eIlH}loeKIiTC. M nOKpaJ paJ.TlIlt..:aTa OA erlIllCTCKIiTC. IIHenllpalUlJaTa C lIeTa.

6a31lpalla Hpj HcpysalbcTO no IIIIt..:apIiHIllI]aT3 lIa YMpeHIITC scmlKalll1

Co npoGnC\IOT J<l 1I0TCKno1'O Ha Tpe6eHIIWKII1'C norpcfillll \l<lCt..:1I CC

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.o.a ce nocrasYBaaT npC.lI.MCTlI WTO nOKojHIIll,IITC rll KOPIICTC11C 00 TCKOT ua

)KIISOTOT C WUPOKO pacnpoCTpaHcT. EruncTcKIlTC q,apaollil 6 11 11C norpe6y_ saHli co CCTa nOKytbllllla WTO rII OKpY)Kysa11a BO TCKOT Ha )KIIBOTOT

TpaKlicKIlTC BClIlIKaHIl 611l1C norpc6ysauif co KOJlIJTC II KOJ-bIlTC . Ouaj 0611~laJ 11M 611Jl n03HaT II Ha Arp"j3HIITC_ Ho, 3a C"",uOCK II TC norpc6YBau>a

KapaKTcplICTlltlH1I CC OSIIC MIIHlljaTypHIi ,!lCnOBIl on ,uoMaU.ICU Mc6CJl_ WTO

HajMHory nOTccTysa Ha crllnCTCKO SJ1JljaHIlC.

EPOH3ElJII AnKII

Co npBIITC OTKpIIBaH,a lIa Tpc6cHHWKHTC rp060BII Hajncml CC HCKOllKY

npCAMCTlI KOII n06YAllja rOJleM IIt/TCpCC Mcry HaYllHlIl(IITC. HIITcpeCOT 6cwe

CSpTCU KOII HaMCllaTa Ha OBIIC npCJlMCTlI. O)lfIOCHO HIIBIIOTO 3Ba<IClhC. Ce

pa60T" 3a 6POll3CHil aJlKIi co OpCllHilK 3-4 CM. HajllccTO COCTaSCllil BO llllcpT.

CIITC npUMcpOl(1I no ua,uBopCWHaTa CTp3Ha lIa aJlKaTa IIMaaT no Tpll (nopCTKO

no l.JeTllpll IIJlH nCT) TOlilICHl.{a. a lI a CCKOe YWTe no Tpll OOMa1111 TOIl'ICIIL\a

(Or. 85-87). H a IICKOJlKY npHMcpOl(H 01( HCKonysaH,aTa lIa W Kopnll11 cc lIaora

nplIllcncHo anllC. no npclIHlIK CKOPO )lBOjIlO nOMano 0.0. nor011CMIITC, 3a KOC

nP.C)lMCTOT 6uJl 3aKa t iCti Bp3 I(CJl o,u 06JlCKa HllIl C11. 149 CilTe IICTpa)KynatlII ce

113JacHII11e ,IlCKa HIIBllaTa HaMCHa C Hcjacila. I1o~lIICJ]YBallo e nCKa cc Toa

54

1'6 SJndo~, No. 123. 124. 141-143. 177, 178.226.227.238,276 II ,np. 1'1 G. Mylonas. o.c. 163. '·3 27~. ~~~J. nOllaTOK My 6naro,napaM Ila HoaH MIlKyn'I~IK . Sindos. No. 126. 179. IRO. 271'.

,,~ B_ Filow. o. c. Abb 102.

nC110BII on KOlbCKIi yJJlII.I~1 J l aM IHI IIJrnCna KaKO KynTcH npCnMCT CO nplfJ<.:a]

Ha ynpoCTcua npCTCTaBa l1a aqlIJOIlOT. H e MO)f(C na cc YCTaHoBl1 co cllrypHoCT

Ipn ll cc npllcyTlHl cat-tO BO MaWKIiTe rp060BIl. Hc C n03HaTO Kanc cc HajJlcHIl

aHanOrJlIITC npllMCpOl.{1I BO KOnCKl.{IIJaTa CTaTaToC. 151 MCTO TaKa HC 3HaCMC

,llallil oaKSIl npCnMCTIi COnp)f(CJl IiCKOj rp06 on CIIHj.t,ocKaTa HCKponona. 'IllJa

COnp)f(llHa HC C 113nO>KCHa lia 113nO)f(6aTa 'lllj KaTallor ro n03H3S3\IC. EncH

BaKOD npliMcpoK C HajncH BO TIIKSCWIIIICKIl n03ja Kaj KOl.JaHl1. 80 cCJ<.:oj

cnylJaj, orp3HH'ICifU cc lIa naJoHcKIIOT, OnHOCHO OXPIIACKIIOT II XanKlIll,lI'lJ<.:1I0T

pcrlloH. CKIlTCKIlTC II TpaKllcKlITC 3HanOrJIil KOIl rll nOCO'lYBa <llllnoB.

np"naraaT Ha 3Ha'IilTCJlHO noj.t,oQUC)f(IIIt norpc6YBaH,a. m

KynTHH CHMEOnlf

COH'IEBI1 CI1M50nl1

KaKO cowlcn CIIM6011 p03cTaTa C BO uajrollcMa Mcpa COCTaaCH )len Ha

opHaMcHTIlKaTa ua 3113THIITC II CpC6pCIIIlTC pOM6olfll,HII nnO'IKII II npyr Olin

anmlKaQll1I - Ha)lrpa,ulllll.{lI, lICHTIl II np. rOllCM nClI Oil. HaKIlTOT. oc06cllo

CIIH,llOCKIlOT. e BCYWIIOCT BO 3HaK lIa COHL\CTO. P03cTaTa C BKnonCHa so

KOMn0311l.{lIjaT3 Ha 06CTKIITC. 6cncrJIIIITc II BO rn30llTC Ha mllllTC co nnO'teCT

IIJlII KOHYCCH 33BPWCTOK (Cn. 26.45-47).

H a cnoMcHaTIlTC 3113TIIII annllKalUllf on CIIHnoc (No. 182). COIH.{CTO C

np"Ka)KaHO no ynpoCTcua cpopMa. MaJI Kpyr co TO'lK3. HO IICTO TaKa IIWaTKIl.

OnHOCHo Sonmi nTlIl.{II. llllja CIIM60nllK3 C nOBp3aHa co COHl{CTO (01. 76).

IT03HaTo C nCKa najoHllTC ro nO'lIlTYBanc COHl.{CTO. KaKo WTO

coonwTyua MaKCIIM on Tllp. TlJC ro np"Ka)KysaJlC KaKO )lUCK. nplIL\BPC:CH 11<1

nOJlr .llPOCH CTa l1. 153 K YllTOT KOH COHl{CTO, co KOj, KaKO liTO 113rnC)la. naJOIII~TC

cc pa3JlHKynane on OCT3113THTC jY>KH06aJlK3nCKIl lI apOnll. nOToPACl1 C It

apXCOJlOUIKIf.

Co nO'ICTOl{IfTC fl<1 MOIiCTOKOOaJbCTO Kaj najoHcKliTe 1l1lCMlllbJ:

COHl.{CTO 3a3CMa IICTaKllaTO MCCTO Mcfy npCTCTaBIITC "a MOHCTIITC. n OKpaJ

. a COH I,eTO KJKO Kpyr co 31)atltl, KpynHaTa pCJJIIICTlI'lHJ npC1CTaoa H , , n 1>1 (rn 88 89) HcrOBa ynpocTclla nplIKa>KaHa Ha j.t,CKJnpaxMIITc tta J-l,CPOllltTC. '-". .

I~ M. Bacllh. o. c. 22111 229

III P. Amandry. o. c. No_ 180-182. PI. XXVII

151 B. Filow. o. c. 88.

L\] Maximu~ T}ro~ II. 8.

1'10 N. G. L. Hammond. M.lcedonia Volume II. Plate I. c.

55

.. 'l" ',eCTO HOI MoueTIl CO nQfo.talIll BPCJUI OCTII. Toa c ',. "PCTCT<lBJ. CC CpCt.:d ,,< , ~ "d., "PH co [~CIITpanHa Henan'lelia 1'O'IKa. IICTOI1CT CIl CO \IH.: p~rllllq}C"' I!OT ]H,H;

. 6 p" J" cp"h:<la[l\lc KaKO apI/a Me liT 11<1 JJ1<l'nlilTC JIII!'.,e 1101 crllnCTCKIiOT or ... <I .... ' <, IU,

nnO'IIo,,1 II naHllCm~1I Mc fy CIiHIlOCJ.:IITC norpe6yna l-ba .

He 611 011110 11 3 HCH<lAYB3<IKIl Kora nOTCKROTO 1101 KYJl TOT 1<.:011 cOllllcTo

611 ro nOBpJ<lnC co ErlineT O,!l Bpe\'CTo na EXHaToH. Kora IlaKO C"lMO"1a ,,~.co SPCMC CQIIl{CTO C nporn<lcc llo 3a ~llIIHCTBeHo ,60)KCCTBO ~ ATCH. "aKO 1DROp

Ha cc ruTO ""IIBec II paCTc lIa 3CMjaTa. Ha saKsa IIHCflllpa l~IIJ a l-taBCnY8aaT II

K)' "TOT Ha AnOllOH KaKO 6ar lIa CBCTJlIIHaTa c npCIiCCCu 0' npyrll nOJ<lBII... < " ~

KpllT BO Mana AlIIJa . n03HaTo e nCKa BO flllKIIJa ce Haoran [~C IITapOT fJa

Y"T Bo !I" "lIj' a ce KOSaH!! cTaTep lI co npeTcTana lI a TPIICt.:C1 HerOBIlOT K " . " , _ ,

06jaclleT KaKO CIH.160Jl 11(1 POT3L(1I0HOTO ~BIDKCJ-be H3 COUqCTO. TPIICKCJ10Te

npeTcT3scH 11<1 p cscpcllaTa CTp3Ha on nCKanpaXMIITe Ha )l.CPOHIITC. I '

BEnAP

Cc '1IIIUI,[ICKa senapoT IIrpaJI 3Ha<lajHa YJIora 110 )f( IIBOTOT lIel n ajo llllTc.

H eronaTa npeTcTasa C Co'!{p)l(ll Ha Ha 3JIaTHaTa n llO'IKa Oil Clwnoc {en. 76). Ka,[le no e,[lila xepanllllllKCl KOMn03uQllja e npllJlPY)f(ynall O,Q nan, npCTcTaBil

Ha Benap C all11lllV1paUa BO 311aTO Bp3 WJICMOT O,Q rp060T V III Oil Tpc6cHllluTa

(Cn.4).''''

BcnapoT e npe Tc1'ClscH II KaKO nOe.ll. lflle'lHa cpllrypa BO TCPClKOTiI,

Haj,[leHII BO UCKOII norpc6ysaJ-ha BO CHII,n:ocKaTa HCKpOIlOJlCl ,I~7 Ilc rolloTo

CIIM60nll'IKO II KynTHO 311Cl'IClbC MO)l(e611 e Onpa3euo II no Toa IUTO 311a'IIITcnHO

nonOQlla. nyP" 110 sTopaTa nOJIOBHHa Ha IV BeK npen Il.e. ro c p cKanaMc Kat..:o

MapK3HTHa npcTCT3Ba Ha pescpcHaT3 cTpaHa ua MOllel'lITC IIa n aTpaj'~S (C1. 90). BcnapoT C CHJ:>KHO IKIlBOTHO. reorpacIJcKII nOBp3all0 3a 6a11KallcKoTo

nOJl,ue6jc. n3 IIcrOnQTO npllcycTBO BO 3a HaeT'II1 CK liTC npOll3BOJI II II BO

MOHCTOKOBalhCTO Ila lIajoHcK IiTe BJianeTeml Tpe6a.ua ce npoTo11KYIW BO Taa CM !ICna,

56

J N. Svorono~. o. c., PI I. 104

· H Bynllh 1931, Crt. 55 II 56.

· Sindn~. No. 45. l1ajLleH 80 rpo6 68, naTlipaH 470/460.

· H GachJcr, DJe Anlikcn Miin/cn Nord Gricchcnland I Makcdonia und Paiom;ll Berlin 19J~. Tare! XXXVII, 20-24.

3MI1.1A

K UIW "YJlTCH C! IM60,'1 J\III,FlTii Haora rOJ1C\1a npmlClia BO IIpUlnBo;urn:

Ha Y\lCTIIII' IKIlTC ·.!(lIlaCTIl Il aj'lccTO Ja CpCK3Ba\I C "aKO JilSPUII.:T<lK lIiI

rpuB1II1TC. 'JLIIl KpaCSIl cc o6nllKYBllHil BO $op\la lIa )\1I1CKa r.'laBil (Cl, 27. 28). nono~Hc;+<IIIITC <pllfiYl1 II Oil Ma110a)"CKII Tlln COnp;+<aT CJIC\h!IITIIII;1 ],\111)<1

Ellna <PYPKCT<l OIl Tpc6CII IIUITa \I\la 3aBpmCTOK BO BUn Ha JlUC CII\ICTPII'II\O

nOCTaBCHIl3~lIICKIi rn<1B II co CRlln.:allll onalliKIl (en. 55.56)1 ~. "011 tlOTCCTYBilirl

lIa aurcau\. KpaJiCKII c IIM60n nplICYTCl1 80 enm CTCKIiTe rp06HIllt ii (lla IIP;\\ICp. r ll 1I0caT lIa rJla B<l Ka 1\0 JtllJ altC"ta 'lyBapllTe npell 811C)OT 11<1 T yraHKa\IOIiOBaTa

rpo6HlIlt a ), Onaa cfJYPI\CTa C lIajAClla BO rp060T I. KilllC C OTI\P " ClliI

norpC6l1aT<l MaCKa Koja 1I11 ' IC110TO liM a npC1'CTasa lIa 1I<lcna, npoTonKynalla

KaKO KpanCKH CIIMGO]!. MO)l(cfili II lIalU<lTa CPypKCTa liMa Ti.lKBO "Jlli'I 'IClhl!,

KaKoB IlITO C cny'mjoT CO 6CJlCr3 Il1ITC, Kaj KOII CI)OpMaT<l II<l JMlq,nfl

li Ma a nCK BaTlla np"MClla . Ta Ka II pa'[KllTe lIa 6POll3C lliiTC Ca1toB11 011

TpcGcllllurra IIM,laT (IJOp"1<I lIa JMlIja II 3 aBpllleTO~1I 0611I1Kynallll 110 Bllllilil

3MIICKll rJlaBalN1 (ClI. 91). np"MClla1'a lIa osoj ene~IC IiT KaKO JlCI\OpaTllIICl1

ItOnaTOK lIa GpOH'JCHIlTC callOS l1 " naKIlTOT npepacua BO Til. "HIIICKII CTII:I",

3a '11111 OpOIl3BOn il" IlCIiTPIi C BOO<ICIIO Il CKa Tpe6a Aa CC 6apaaT lIa naiOIIC"O­

MaKCAOIICK IlOT npOCTOp,

AKO CC Gap a IICj3 111101'O n OTCK110. MopaMe lla cc C8PTIIMC 1\011 EnIllCT,

a nocc6HO KOH KpliT II 11PO'IYC IIIITC CTaTYIi Ha 3~IIICKaTa Sonll!.'\. Onnrro c

npJl(paTCIIO MIICJlClhCTO AC Ka 3MlljaTa liMa XTOHII'ICU KapaKn:p. K<1KO iKllBOTlHl

Koe )l(IIBCe lion JeMjaTa 1I08p3alla e co KynToT IJa MpTBIITe, K O\1CIITllpal"ll ro

" YJlTOT lIet 3Mllj aTa KOJ cc janyna lI a KpIiT. Clip J1 collapJl Byntl WJIICCYllil

MIIC11Clbe nCKa 3M lijaTa CC jaBYBa "aKo 'Iysap Ha AOMaUlI-IOTO orlllllll:rc. lI a

CHOPCll TOa Tpc6a Ita cc C~)aTIl KaKO 3<lUJTIITHIlK Hll )fOIBIiTC. ~hl B aKa ofijaC liCT

KapaKTCpOl' lIa JMlljaTa liMa n o rOJl CMO onpasAysalhc BO IICjJlIIl<lTa npllMclla

6 CHIlTC caROBl I 1~ TIIC Cl! BO HaKlIl'OT IlJIII KaKO Cl1C \I CIIT anJll1lt11pail IIa POH3 , '

113pa601'y"all ll 3a ynoTpcGa lI a )IOIB IITC II KaKO TaKBIi CTaBalll1 BO rpO,G~IIII'1:~; Toa IIC cc npcllMcTII co IICKJlY'lIlTClIIlO KynTHo 311a'[C.bC. Inpa60rc HII j,

norpc61111 IlC11I1.

I'~ B Filow, o. c. Ann. ~2. 4.

Ihid. Ahh. 42. 4~-4K

Ib L. Wonlcy, Potcci civilizaciJc, Zagrcn 1966,483.

I~ H. Byn l1h 1931. c.'1 J6.

57

JlAB

nanDl' ce CPCK3B3 KaKO tleCTa npCTCTaBa IIa rpo(hlllTC npIlllOJII 0 . ~ 113LUIITC HCKPOIlOJlII. npllKa>KaH e K3KO anJIIIKaLJ,IIJ3 113 UIflCMOT On rpOOOT

VIII on Tpe6cHlIUIT<l, (en. 4) 113 3naTHIlTe n]]O'-lKII OA CIIHHOC (Cn. 76) Ka]:1Ce npIIAPY)KCIi on sCliap. II Ha H3nrpa,D,IIIIKOT OIl rp060T VII on Tpe6cIHilUTa (en. 72). n03H3T3 C II CAlia 6poH3cHa anJ1JIKaLtllja OTKp"cHa BO MaKC1l0HIlJa.

cera BO EepnIlH.'''3 AaTilpaHa BO "peaTa n0110811Ha Ha VI BCK. J.1 nil CilHa 3na1'Ha anmlKaLJ,nja 0,1\ rpoGoT VI ce Haota IfCTaTa npcTCTasa. lI

)'!

Ha TpllTC nOCnC,IlJIII npIIMCp0LJ.1I nplIKa:>Kalill ce '-fIIq>T nasOB!! BO

xepaJ1,1:\lllJKII pacnopcn. WTO MO)f(c6n liMa nOJlH3KBO 3H3 l lClbC all. 1I0CLl,III-IC_

llHaTa npCTCTaBa Ha naBOT. HaKO rlf ACJln ronCMa epcMcHcKa AIICT3111(3, Ce

H3MCTHY03 napancn3Ta CO pcnjeqm3Ta npcTcTaB3 lIa flauoBcKClTa Kanllja no MIIKcHa. MilaKY, Ha noacKc TP"HO)KHIIUU o,Q 6POH3cII"Te ca,QoBIl 1I0rapKIITe

CC 06nllKynaHII no cpopMa Ha naBOBCKIl lUenll. 165

MaKo naBOT IIC c cncUllcpllKa Ha najoHcKHOT npocTOp (Xepo.Qor

cnoMcilYBa ,QcKa ncpcllcKaTa sojcKa npc,QBO,QcHa 0.0: KCCPKC 611na Hana,Ql-lara

0,Q naBoall), Hawon MCCTO BO ,QcKopauHjaTa Ha npc,QMeTIlTe nOKaJlIIO

npOIl3BCllynallll. HcronaTa c llM6onllKa, ceKaKO n03ajMcHa Oil onllCKiloT

YiCTOK, nC)KU no jaKaTa npupO,l1;a Ha naBOT,

511K

OcoficlIO 3Ha t lajHo MCcrO BO )KIIB01'01' Ha najoHI1TC 3a3CMan 611K01'.

H crOBaTa npCTCTaBa lIaj'-lccTo ce cpcKaBa Ha MOllCnlTc, E,nHa ccpllja "'IOHcrll.

I(oja CBOPOHOC ja npllflllwyna Ha ,D,epOHltTe If IHlnlH1TC Bna,l1;CTCml, lIa ancpCOT

UMa npCTCTaBa Ha KnCKliUT 6IIK co naHa3a.o: CBpTCHa rnana, ,nO,QCKa Ha pCSCpCOT

C u11;na6HaT KsallpaT nOncnCH ua llcTHpn nomltba. Cnwllla ccpllja CO npCTCTasa

Ha 611K WTO Ami Tene, HCTIIOT aBTOp ja nprmHwyua Ha xanKuAcKuTC DOTllall,

Ha AHTCMYC 11 Ellcja. KaKO npeTCTasa CO OAPC,QCHO CHM60ml11KO 3Ha'lCILe,

6IfK?T c npHKa)KaH lIa peBcpcHaTa cTpaHa Ha MOIlCTaTa Ha oacrapcj (en. 16). oBoJllaT no CTas Ha lIanaral-hC, VI pcscpcnaTa CTpaHa Ha MOIICTIITC Ha ,D,OKIIM

e HCnOnHC1'a co IJpCTC1'asa lIa KnCKHaT filiI( co Halla3aA cnpTClla rnaBa. (en. 15) '" M 6' . <

. nan HK , oBoJnaT npe1'cTaBeH BO MHpila CToellKa n ono)K6a. c

I~l Cnopen B Filow. o. c. Abb, 10 u II. 11>1 Ibid, Abb. 12.

1M Ibid, Abb. 72·88: Bynuh 1933, en. 31. 34, 38.

1 ... D.~~~:~Svoronos, o. c. PI. II, 8·15; PI. XVIII; PI. XIX, 2. BastarcJ. PI. II, 8 I>IOUeTa H3

58

npnKa)t{ali lIa ,rtllofiol10T Ba TEYTAO:r Cc pafioT1I3a en, . "I lHCTBCIi npliMcpOh:

Ha MOHeTa co DBa HM~. CnopCA Hcj311HaTa npet{HOCT II MCCTOTO KaAC e l-JajncHa (MapKona Kyna KaJ J],Cf..HlP Kallllja), ce CMCTa ACKa TCYTaoc C najolicKII Bn3,QCTcn, a CliopeA CTllnOT lIa npCTCTaSIlTC 11 TlmOT Ha KallTapOCOT on

pcscpcnaTa CTpana Ha AIl060110T. ce 3aKnY'IYBa ACKa TOj BnaAccn BO STopaTa nonOBlllla HOI V SCK (Cn. 91).1('7 npCTCTasaTa Ha 611K Ha HaJpaHIlTc 1I1AaHIIJa Ha cT06cKaT3 KOBlIlIlla IIC e cnY'lajlla.lfo-~ l1aKo ru Aenll ronCMa SpcMcllcKa

.llIlCTall~a, npllKalOT Ha 611KOT Tpe6a Aa ce c<paTIt KaKO TpaAlIl\lIja cO'lysaHa 0,Q apxaJcKIlOT ncpllOA.

Cnopen 1'I0naTOKOT Kaj E. rancna. Ha KPIIT 6nn BO ynorpc6a enCIi RIIA 3naTHil MOllcnl Ha KOIl 6U11a np"KaIKaHa r11aB3 Ha 611K. KaKo CAIIIIIIll3 Ha apenHOCT BO pa3McHa Ha CTOKIITC ce o6jacHysa II HerOBOTO npucycTlW lIa MOHCTUTC. If09 £I1KOT lIa najolicKIlTC MOliCTII ceKaKO liMa IICTa IIIICllIlpallllJa. Mo)t{c611 C oua njJIl'II1113 uno Ha npCAMeTIlTe OA apxajcKIiTc HCKponOJIII. uno CC npenMCT 113 lIaWIiTe IICTpaIKYBalba, 61lKOT He e oc06cll0 'leera TeMa. KaKO

neKopaTIIBCH nOAaTOK BO TpKanC311a nnaCHIKa anJlllllllpall C lIa BpaTOT 111\ Tpe6cIII1lliKII01' KpaTep BO Co<p"ja (Cn. 92), BO CA~la CospUlclia y~ICTHlI'IKa 1t3sen6a. 170 bliKOT 6un MOUJIIC 1l0'IIITyRaHo )l(IIB01'HO Ha KpIlT. cyncjKII cnopcn 6pOj HIITC npllK3311 80 Kp"TCKaTa YMcrHOCT. KaKBa e HerOU31'a spCKa co cnmCTCKIlOT Anllc, OCTanYB3 OTBopeHO npawalhC.

A<1>110HOBA 'IAWKA

CTltnlt311paHaTa aq)lloHoBa 'laUlKa C '1ccr nCKOpaTIIBCIi CI1CMCIIT a nllllllllpall 113 lIaKl1ro1' (Cn. 93). K3KO no npaBllno npllcYTu3 C 113

ManOa311CKI1Te ctHl6ynil '11Ij n3K C yKpaccH co TPUlIJIII nCT acp"OIlOBII KYTIIJKII (Cn. 44). Ha IlrmlTC OA nenonOIlCCKIi rllil CTltJII13llpaml a<pllolioBII llaWKIl ce

nope.ucHIl BO Hil33 non IIJIO'ICCTa1'a maBa (Cn. 47). 3a cpll6ynJlrc IIl11'JlIITe co acpHoHOBI1 yKpac~1 C Aocra iHlluYBano 130 apxeolloUJKaTa nll1'cpa1'ypa. oco6cllo

BO npcKa co IHIBHIlO1' TIHiOnOWKli pa3Boj. MerYT01\, 3a KYllTHOTO 3l1a'ICtbC lIa

aq)HOHOBIlTC "peTCT<lBII no YMCTIIII'IKIlTe npolilBonll cc oCBpllyBa BJI.

nonoBIlK YK<l)t{YBaj' Kit lIa 3Ha'Iaj llll MOMCHTII Ja npilcycTBOTO lIa CTl ln l'31lpalili , ' . 171

acp"oHoBIl KYTlljKII lIa H3KII1'01' on apxaJcKoro BpCMC.

167 B. Jllln-1Il1l ' n JOCII£\>08CI01, Cpe6pell JlI!06on Ha lIajollct:1I0T ananeTen Tcoyl;lohl.

MAKE,U. HYM. rnAc. 6poJ I. 27. 16& 3a CTo6cKliTe ~lOlIeTlt, BII}lII. Gaeblcr, o.c. I II. T XXU22.

169 B. Gavcla. Istorija umctno~11 anticke Grcke. Beograd 1978. 134.

F I Abb 35a·35c, Tafel VII no 3a "paTepoT on Tpe6cllllwTe. lOW, O. C. .

111 Bn. nonoallh. o. c. 28 1111.

59

AqlllOiIOT ..:a":Q CpCJICTBO ]a YCllIlBalbC lIao(a OllpalJJ\\'UalhC """'':0 rpo6cII npu.nor CO orJ1cJlII<l BCPYB<llhCTO lIc.-a )'.\IPCIIIIOT C Ctl\IO I1PI1BPC'tCHO

YCnJlCIi B<lJ..:.OOTO MJlCJlClhC. IIPCllJ1O*,CIIO OJl Cbarl PICilrd. 1I0TCJ..:.IIYlla 0;1

~poY'lyn<1lbcTo 11<1 JI I1jt\;IC\lilT<l OJI Vix . ..:oja 11\1<1 CpOJIl111 C!1C\ I CIITII CO

\Ia..:enOUC..:IIOT Ita":IIT. Picard YCTilUOBII.1 nCtW K)T.111,.C Iitl CKCTPCMLITCTIiTc

npCTCTi1BynaaT CTlJ.'lLlJllpall<l aq)l10110Ba rnaBWIKiI. Ka.-o al/a!ton'J;} Iii

nOCO'lyna 60rllll.-aTa O;t LUll ..:aJ KHOCOC. KOJa Hil r.naBaTa liMa JIItJiqC\I<I

q,Op\\;lpalla Oil TpLl aq,II()110BlI 'I<lUl":11 (Cl1 9-l).'~: no.-paj tt<lJ..:.IITOT. CTllllllJllpaHtl aq,1I0Hona 'lalUJ..:.a no PY/IIiMCIITHpalliL

q,OP\ltl CC cpChiloa II ua pa'IJ..:.IITC on GpOl13eIllITC CilIlOBII. OCOOCIIO Iii!

Tpc6cIIIIIUJ..:.IITC (Cl1. 95). ' npCTcTaBilTa ntl aq,lIoHo1' o,u lIaJ.dl1'OT cc rvilll Btl

paIl0<lIlTl!ltJ..:.1I0T ncp"O/I L1 IIpCMIIII)na no sne3nceT yKpae. 110 ];\TOa 10

epCKtlBtlMC JII<I'ILITCnIlO 1I0pa1l0. )'WTe BO VII BCK npcn II.C .. J..:.<lf..:0 K)'JI'I'CI/

IlpC)1MeT Ll3pa60TCil 011 6pOIIJ<l. BO q)OP\ta Ha aq)IJolloBa 'IYUlKa co I\i\ll<l'tc

KOC IHI I\paCBIITC IIMil IlJpaCTOllLlllO BllJllla f1TlI'ljll IIPOTOMII (naTKa).l ~

GnOj cy'lapcll OClIpT II aHaIlll]a I~a apXC0110IllKIlOT MaTcpLlja.l

nOKa:+:yn<l JlCKa lIa IIUjOllCKI10T I1pOCTOp 80 apxajcKoTo npCMC CC (llOpMllpa.1i!

CJlHJ Ky.nTypa KOJ<I CTOC.:lil non ClillHO BJlIljaHLlc Iia DllllCKIiOT J1 CTO" II

YlCTO'III1IOT MC/lI1TCpUIl. YlnCIlTC IIC ce aBToxTOHlI, 110 11<1 tl<ljOIICKIIOT

6a.'1K<1I1CKIl UpOCTOp nO:+: l1n)'8<1il1' no.nH pa3noj. conpmeHCTno 80 TCXHLII\IITC 1\

lIC . .'10CIlOCT BO \1,lIl11qJCCTllpalbCTO Ha l13pa30T. Toa C CJIY'I<Ij co "J!1aTapn':IITr.:

TeXHll"lI. co MJlIOa"JIICKIlTe (Im6y.nll. co K)'11TOT Ha 3MlljaTa. aCI)l101l0n<lT,[

'-IaUIKa II HI1Jil itpyrll nojaBII KOIl Kym,lIIHllpaaT BO o6noIKynJlbCTO Iia TcnOTO

Ha I10KOJHI1I(IITC co :JJ1aTHII MaCKI!. AKO ro nplI¢aTIIMC MIIC11ClhCTO Jtc"a

pcnmllllTe IIil KIIClKcneKlI1'C rp060BII npllnaralle Ha najolleKa 1I011)'n<lltIlJiI.

MopaMC,({il CC 3UllpalllUMC KUKBa C IlpCKaTa co ErlllleT. KpliT II Mana A311ja II

ua WTO ec 110Jl}IGlTTLle ACJlYOillbii WTO IIi1Bncrne BO lIi1j'IYBCTI3IITcl I1JaTa c(I)CpU

IIU 'tOnCf..:OT. no ItYXOBlILIOT ::+:IIBOT I/a najolHlTc.

n Ch. Pi~ard, Rrv. ARCH. 4~/19'SV 49.53.

: II Bymlh 1931 C.'I. 4}!; IkntOT 1933. Cil. 29. 30, 32. 33.

80 1I3JUORO "PC\tC co6p 1\ . aUIl KaJ . MrrTpeBcKII. BII,Q111I3T<l\ty 'Ja6. 21 J

60

H CTOPH CKA 3AJJ,HHH A H APXEOJI OlllKH n OTBPJJ,H

AKO eaKaMC ~.a nlllooapaMC "OPCIILITC lin nojaBliTc Ja KOII 160pynaMc

no npCTXO):lII.OTO nor.nuBJe. 611 Tpc6uno Ila cc HpnTLI\IC IlO 6pmnelioTo UPC\IC.

Kora IIU EreJclw·6<1nKallCKlloT IlPOCTOp ec 0IIBIIBU11C MLlrpaQll1l IIITO JI.onc.rlC

110 roneMIl npoMcHLI no COCTuno'!" lIa nOIlYllaQIIiITC. 110. "y"a nenllalll CC

cynpYBaMe co np06ncr.1II. nonaTO I~LITC KOII CC OJlIICCYUilaT IIU oBa BpCMC. no OHaa q,opMa BO KOF' CC AO IIac,rlojllclIIl. AC11ynaaT lIeUIiCTIIHIlTO. HaCTaIlLITC 11

JliI'1II0CTIITe ce TpaHcq>op\tltpafILl no IIpcnullllja. BO KOLI TCWKO \IO~C :Ia cc

II'J):InOiI IICTOPIICKU IHtCTIHIU . CcnaK. TlIC ncnyuaaT Ka"o naJIC'\HO cxo Ha IICIlITO

J11TO lIanllCTIiHa ec CJIY'III.'10. Bc~e C 1I0Ka:+':<l1I0 nCKa Mllory MIITonll. Ha "0Il

11M CC nocacTyuano ManKY noscp6a. CC BIiCTIIIICKIl ItCTOpliCKIt II<1CT<lIIII.

upxeonOWKl1 nOTnp):ICIII!. A TOKMy onllc II<lCTalilt 611 \to::+:e11t! n<l rll OCaCT:lilT

KyJlTypHIlTe It IIYXOSIl IlTC apcKII Ha JY::+:llo6a.1K<lIIC"1I0T npocTop co

II eTO'II{OM e)111 TC pa lie K 1\ 01' pc rllOI1.

1l0eerawIIIITc cornCJtYBulha lIa ITp06J1C\laTItKUTil He ynilTyBuuT ,({<l ro

HUCO'H1Me nHIIMallllCTO KOII Y1l0raTa II1TO ja IIMU 01ll1rpali0 OCTpOBOT Kpl1T

PaCllo.no::+:ell 80 ItCIITapOT lIa CpcnOJC\ljCTO. 01lHOCII0 HU rpallllQilTa Mcry ErcjcKoTO Mopc II MC,IlIITCpaIlOT. lIa KPIIT \Iy GlIlIC 1I0,({C}l.l/aKBO flOCT,HlHII

jY::+: I I06a!1KaIlCK IlTC npOCTopl1 OA CJlllil II Muna AJIIJa co DJIIICKIiOT MCTOK 011

Apyra CTpalla. n pCflOJlpCAC l 1 no f1PllpOJltlTU IIU cBojaTa rcorpa¢cKa 110110::+:6<1

KOII MopclInoBcTllo. K pi IT 511n 110 COCToj6a An OJIPJl<YBa 11llTCII31IBIIII KOIlTilK1"11

co lIanpcJtllllTC t\ I IIHIJ1IIJaitLILI KOII ro oKpy::+:ynanc II KaKO TaKon IIrpUlI ynora

IIU nOCpeJlIIIIK no npcllecy"ulhCTO IIU KynTyp1lLll'C IIPIIJl06I1BKIl. 110. BO lIeTO

BpeMc pa3BII1I eonCTBClia KynTypil Koja ~c IIC~HI napuncnu no '({peBHII01' CIICT

OIlWTO C nplt<l>aTCIiO JICKil IIconlfTcKOTO lIuccnCHIIC 11[1 KpltT

1I0TCKHYSU o,u jyrOJanilJlIIOTO KpuJ6pc:+:jc lIa Muna A3I1Ja. Ce CMeTU nCKU lU

npe\lc lIa ):IIIHUCTlI'IKIITC 60p611 no EnmcT 110)1 MCHcc. HO nO'leTOKOT IIU JII M lI11eH IlyM, IIJnCCIIO lIaCClIClIlIC Jil lIanYUlTIUlO ,({ClITaTa HU ~ \Ill II CC HUCC.'l 1l.10

lIa KpIiT. ApXe01l0WKil n01'8pJlc lIIl. co Olmc KOIITUKTLI Mcry EnIOeT II KpIlT.

61

noselleHIl ce npSJlTC m.myncli WTO KC noncnaT no C03/tClumbC l-t a CJHi;} . 175

ll,IIBIIJlIl3all,lIja ca~1O IICMY CBOJCTBCHa.

Ka...:o nOMopcKa ClIl1a co SIlCOKO pa3Bllcna KynTypa KPIIT yenean ita BocnOCT3SlIBJ1l1jaHlic Bp3 erejcKIITc OCTpOBII , Ha neno~oHe3 II ManOCl311CKOTO

Kpaj5pc>Kje. 3a DBa najpaHo SPCMC ce Bp3ysa TpaAIIL.tIlJa,.~ ~a npecen6aTa Ha KplITjalUlTc 80 AHanOJlnja. Cnopen npenal-illCTO. TCYKPO ( ~ EVKPO'l) CO CBOjal Ta1'KO ra lIanYUlTlIll KpllT II ce HaCemlJl BO Tpoa~a. OTKaKO Ja OMa)KIIJI Csajara

KCpKB Apll36e (IU1II 6aTaja) 3a UapAaH. TOJ CTaHan POAOH3 t lanHIII{ Ha TpojaHcKaT3 KpaJlO~a 1103a. 176 Cnopcn n mweppoli. KpHTjaHIITc My nOJI,nrlla .. 1e

A C . T 111 A 0 CSCTIIJlIIWTC Ita nOllOH MIIHTCJ 80 poa.lla. K IIMaMe npaBO asoj

nonaTDK na ra CMCTaMC 3a SCPO.llOCTOCH, MO)KCMC .o:a 3ClKllY'IIIMC l1ell:a

TCYKPIlTC BOAaT nOTCKno 011 KpllT II ,o:CKa HllBHaTa npcccn6a CC COBnara co SPCMCTO lIa OCIIOBa .bCTO lIa Tpoja.

Apyra nCrCHlla so Koja CC HilccTysa IICToplICKa BIICTlllla e npIIK33H,ITa

3a Capne,o:OH. KaKO WTO paCKel)f(YBa XepOAOT,178 Kora MIIIIOC ja npC3CMJn

BnaCTa Bp3 KpUT. HCroSIlOT 6pelT CapnCAOH, npCTCII)1CH'r lia npCCTonOT. GIIJI

npllf>tOpaH Aa ro HanYUlTIl Kplt'r co CSOIITC npHl3p3CHIIlJ." II Ail cc 113ccnll 80

AH3,LtOnllja, BO 06naCTa fluKllja. Cc CMCTa ACKa OBlle npcAaHlija cc II

apxconOUlKIi nOTsp,o:CIIII. YCTaHOBCHO e SCYWIIOCT ACK3 KPIITCK,lTa

apxlITcKTypa liMa ronCf>tIl BpCK~1 CO Manoa3l1CKaTa. BnpOtICM. npCKIlTC Ha

KpllT II AHanonllja CC nOTBp,LtCHU OA nOBCKC aCnCKTl1. KaKO UITO C cnOMHaTo.

TeYKpOBIlTC KpllTjaHIl BO TpoaAa My nOAltrHanC xpaM Ha AnonoH, ana", IJIIKltja C I.J.CIITap Ha KynToT Ha AnonoH It ApTct.lIt,o:a. Ce CMCTa ,o:CKa KpllTe

POAHO MCCTO na AnonoH, UlTO C nOTBp,o:cHO CO TCKCTOBIITC lIa rJTIHlC1II1Te

Ta6m11.J.1I11CnllWanil CO J]uHcapHo 8 I1iICMO. Toa 3Ha tlll,o:cKa KYJlTOT lIa AUOllOH

" ApTcMI1Aa C npcllcccH BO AHaJl,Onnja OA KpllT, lIaKO. cn opcA aHanOr1l11Te

3a AnonoH cc CMCTa nCKa liMa AHaAonCKO-BaBHnOHCKO nOTCKno. A. KaKO WTO n · 3HaeMC, aJOllllTC ro nO llllTYBanc Anonol! II CAHO )f(CIICKO 60)f(CCTBO

II,LtCHTllcp"KYBaHO CO ApTCMIIAa. 3a Koja naK CC CMCTa ACKJ lIaCTallana co

CIIM61103a 1Ia pa3nll'HB1 60)f(CCTBa, npBcHcTBCHO CO MIlHOCKaTa 60rlllba.

CnopCA MWI'~T , l1aKO 3csc My 3anOBCAan Ha AnonOH OA Aenoc (Ka,gc cnopcn

OBaa Bcp3~~Ja C pOAC 11 ) BCAHaLU Aa o,o:u BO .Il,cn¢u, TOj IlpBO O,gll Kaj

Xllncp60pcJU.IITC Ha CCBCP, ria nyp l1 nOToa BO Acn¢u, OA WTO npOll3ncrYBa

ACKa rpI.J.IITC nO,l.\0l.J.ua ro npllcpaKaaT KynTOT ua AlIonOH.179

62

171 L. Woolley, o. c. 25.

176 Apd. Bibllll. I 1111.0100. Sic. IV. 75.

TI Alcx 1302" II. co CXOmliITC.

17~ Herod. I. 173.

l'l't Ibid IV, 32.

XP01W110U1KOTO tfJ 11 Kclipalbe Ha CapncnOHOBaTa G • '" < npeccn a HO

AHa,Lt01ll1j3 M.opaMC na ro nOBp3CMC co HajroneMaTa MOK Ha KPI1T. a Toa e CPC]1,HO .~tJ1HOJC~OTO BpeMC, ncpll0A Ha Kp"TcKaTa TallaCOKpaTllJa. Kora KpUT rll OCBOJYB3 erCJCKIiTe OCTPOOII, Kpaj6pciKHI1TC MeCTa Ha nenonOHCl (MIIKcna

II Tllpunc, a lIa 3ana,Ltll jyr nlln \I ACI1HC) II OlUl,CnHII'1H11 pemOHI1 BO Mana A3l1ja.

Oll APyra cTpalla, SPCKI1TC Ha Mana A311ja co jYJKH06anKul1cKI10T npoerop BO uaYKaTa cc COrJlCAall1l nOBcKccTpaHo BO pnHI1 BpeMcncKII enoxil.

EAu a ,LtllpeKTHa npcccn6a lIa lIacenelllle OA Tpoana Koe ec lIaCCnl1no 113

Xa11KUAItK It Aonno nOBap,Ltapje. ce OAllrpana BO paHOTO 6pOH3euo speMC.

QBaa KOIICTaTal.J.l1ja e 6a311puua Bp3 nojao3Ta Ha Kcpa~IIIKa. II,QCIITlllma II

COBpeMCl l a CO Kepa~t11KaTa on Tpoja I, OTKpllcHa Ha nOBeKc naccn611. K3KO Hej3uHll HOCI1TCnll 1I0CO'IC1I11 cc n ajoHl1Te.

Toa C KcpaMllKa pa60TcHa lIa paKa, co 113BeCCH 6poj q)OPMII Mefy KOll

cc Haj'lcCTu 1I31111U.IITC CO KanCMCCTII pa'IKIl 11 60KaJ1llTC co KOCO 3aCC l lCil BpaT.

ApxconOWKIlTC lIcTpaiKyoalb3 nOKaJKaa 113pa311T11 OpCKIl CO KyllTypaTa lIa

Tpoja 1 II CCBcp03aIl3,LtHa Mana A3l1ja. 8p3 OCHOBa Ha OBIIC MaTcplIJaJ1lIl1

]1,OKa311 ce 3aKJlY'IYBa nCKa 06naCTa lIa u.cHTpanHaTa f>iaKe,LtOHCKa pa'-HIIHl,a

61111a I.J.BPCTO nOCTaBClla BO KynTypHaTa c<pcpa Ha 6mlcKlIOT HCTOK. 33

pa31l11Ka OA npCTXO,LtllaT3, ,QOll,HOHeOJ1JITCKaTa enoxa. Koja nOKaJKYBa Teeml

BpCKIt CO TccaJll1ja. Cnopen XepTJlII, OBIIC npoMeHIl ce jaBYBaaT KaKO

nOCJleAIlu.a Ha ,o:oarJlbCTO Ha HapOA IInll HapOAIl WTO ja Hacenllnc IICTO'I1I3Ta

erpalla Ha I.(CllTpannaTa paMllllu.a (KplliKaHa. Xarlloc MaMac. MonliBonllpro

Ha XanKIIAI1K, a BO AMct>aKCIITIIAa nBe CTpaTeWKII MCCTa - Bapr.apOBu.a II

BapAIIHa)Yw XaMOII,Lt Mllcnll,LtCKa OBlle Haponn Tpe6a Aa ce IInCIITl1 <pIIKYBaal'

CO najOHIlTC. 11I1

CnCAllII OT 6paH MOiKC J1,a CC I10BP3C CO nOXO,LtOT Ha Mll3IljU.IITC 1\

TCYKPIITC na jpm06anK3HcKIIOT npocTOp. KaKO WTO COonuJTyna Xep0J1,OT. . 0" npeKy 60c"'op npcMllliane BO MI1311jql1TC 11 TeyKpllTe npC3CManc nox '" 't' •

EBpona, rlt nOKopnnc CUTe TpaKl1ju.u 11 J1,OCTIlI'Hane nypil ~O JOIICKI10T 3anl1B. . n CJ' 1M2 XeponOT lIarnaCYBa nCKa OBOj lIaCTaH ee OJlllrpan alia jyr AO peKaTa CII . ",. . .

. K HCnOBOJIHO J' aCCH BO onoJ 1101\aTOK npcA TpojaHcKaTa 80j l1a . OJIKY 11 Aa C '" .

P 10)f(eMe Aa o'lcKynaMc AeKa. K3KO neMaMC npaBO,Lta cc COMIICSaMe. canHO. ~ , . OCHO Tpoana nen on TeYKpuTC

nocne,Lt lll.la Ha osoj npo]1,op 0)); AHanOJlI1j3. OnH .

939 118 119 3a nO'le1'OI{II1'e lIa )IWB01'01' IIkJ W. A. Heurlley. Preluslonc Macedonia. Oxford I . . 3~Oj' ~1O)Kc611IUlJI106p3 eflll"a

113 OBlle lIaccnGII 1\ 11118111101' IWII1'llilylipaH KyllTYpCII ~a K ,·,'''as in Zcntralmakcdomcn 1 E b se der Grabungen u<-I as ..

nasa KaCTauac lB. Hanse. rgc mS . h Ze I Imuseum Maunl 1979. 167·202.1 1975-1978. JAHRBUCH des Romlsch·Gennamsc en n ~a BO per;lOlioT oMollapa KaKO KOj. HaTeM Ila CHOMCIICMC. CIIopen II03111111)a1'a II ynora .

3TKOBIIHaT3 lIa nllpeXMCC. JlO I"ll~IlJa lIa XOMepoBiloT A~tIIAO". T

,., N. G. L. Hammond. Macedonia Volumc I. 418. 296. 29K

till Herod. VII. 20.

63

CC HaccnllllC lin oJUlcnll1l IIpOCTOPJI. 611IlCj~lI, Jlla'IIITCJlliO IWJ{Ollll<l , I\ora

nnrpeT II r ... lnllTllj KC cc nojnnaT np~n JJ,apIlJ' KC \lY Ka>K<lT nCf..:a cc f1<lJOil11.

ACl\a HIIBHaTa Ti.lTKOBlIH<I CC "aora KaJ pCKaT<I CTP llfoolOllllnCK<I BOnaT 1I0TCI\.1o

T . 1111 o,n TC)'KPIiTC u,n pOJa

Bo BPCMCTO I\ora cc oll"rp<ln OBOj HaCTall. . "<1 IIPOCTOJ)OT 0,

nOnOll,HC)I\IIaTa J],onH<l Mal\cAoHllja BCKe If<I1BCCna naJoHcKa lI o nynal~I1Ja IlorwlHo C ;J,a otlc..:yaaMc nCI\a HOBO.nOj}lCHOTO HaCCJlClllle Oil TpoaiHl Ce

3a.np>Kano TOl\MY Ha npocTopOT KOj 611n HaccnCH co ~"IBHI! cOliaponlllllUI.

HaslicTIIHa. OCRCII no cny'wjoT CO nllrpcT 11 MaHl'IIJ. lIeMa Aa CPCTJIC'tc

CTHOHII\1 TCYKpll. Mer)'Toa. MopaMc Aa CMeTaMe AeKa Cl'HOlIlIMOT .. najOHCKJ!"

OAUOCIIO .. najOl-lil" BO ona BpCMe C aq:,lIpfoollfpaH. 611,uejKII BO TpojaHCK<lTa BOjHa BeKC qJllrypllpa<lT n ajoHIl noj,nCHIl on nonHOBo,uIHlOl' AKCIIOC.

HaKO 11311CCIIII l/aY'IHIIl(1l ja ocnopyoa<lT BCpOnocTojlwcTa Il a

XepOAOTOBIIOT nOJIClTOK 3a III1B<l3I1jaTa lIa MI1311jll,II're II TCYKPIITC BO Enpona.

HIIC MIIClllIMC nCKa HCMaMC "pano Aa ro oTq)pn1lf,Ic. BpCK IITC lIa jY>KIIIIOT nell

Ha 6anKa1lOT. oc06cII0 Kpaj6pC)KHI1TC npOCTopll. co Mana A311ja cc nOTapneHII co npecc11611TC IUTO ce OAIHlBanc BO AB<lTa IIpaU1..\I1. 3a !lITO

360pYBaaT OAIIOCIITC 0PIII'II - (l>Pllfil. najoHIi - Meolll!. Ll.apnallir - Ll.aplI<llll.{lJ

TYK<I 6 11 Tpe6ano Aa ja CIlOMCIICt.le IIHBa31ljaTa Ha ErllllKCllIIlTC Ilp3

Tpa":lIja, 3a BpeMc Ha XII nllHacTllja. KaKo mTO HaBcllyoaaT XCPOllOT 11

CTpa6oH. erllflCTCKIlTC ¢apaoHII CCCOCTPII):t II n CaMCTIIX BO ellCH nOXOJl JII

oeaOllllC TpaKuja IIl1a naTIIWT<lTa nOCTaBune KaMel-ba IIClllllllall1l co IIIIBIIIITC

1I~lIll-ha.1 1!4 Car-moT 1l0n3TOK IIC 6" 61111 Oil. OC06CHO 3HalICl-bC, aKO IIC 3l1aC\te

ACKa crlllleTCKIITe Blll1jallllja II cneMCHTIi ce KOHCTaTilpall1l Ha 6anKallCKiloT npoeTOp.

3a BPCKIITC lIa MalIa A311ja co 6anK3HCKilOT jyr 1I0cTojaT II APyrll

IIHcpopfo~au.lIl1. BCKe o~aMIIJ e YKalf<aHO Ha BpcKaTa MCry Mcollllja (M/10l11/]}1I

naJoHIIJa (n aLOvw). Kaj XOMep Meollqll'rc cc lIape'r eIlIlIJ'CJroKopuoral. a TOJ

emlTCT 11M C IIplllllll.Uali II ua najOHiITC. 06JlaCTa Koja 130 IICTOPIICKO BpC\le HOCIIIIMC JlI1Alija KaJ' XmlcplK~ . .

<, , C IJ031i3Ta caMO nOl~ HMCTO MCOIIIIJ<l, CTpa60rl cnOMcllYBa ACKa IICKOII aB'ro M '

, pl1 eOllllTC II JlIIJl.lljU,I1TC rll CMCTClaT J<I cHCII lIapOH, HOnCKa IIpynl - 3'. noce6 11\6 n .

< 1111. ..... o,n:CKa 6ulIa Ha onaCT 1I1111aCTIIJ3Ta IW

Xep

aKJTJ.IIlIlT

C, MCOIlIITC !lManc npCHI/OCT. no 687 r .. oAr~ocIIO co KpajoT Iia ll llHaCTlIJaTCl lIa Xep'lKllllITI II

< '"I ITC. npenHocTa C Ha cTpaliaTa lIa nI11~llj'-\IITC . . !laKO ToralU 06J1aCTa ce Hape ' J1 . , 'M . (Kyna HHIlJa, HCj3UHIJOT IlCTOtlCIl Aen oCTallan lla CC BilKa COIIIIJa.

• llhld V. 13.

""Ibid. II, 103; Sir. 1.3, 2/.

HOIlJ. II. X. 431

SIr. XIII, 4. 5, CIIOPCA KaqapoB. f1eolllUl 21.

64

J.1cTaKHaTO MIIClleH>e llCKa MeoHlUlTe ce BCYWHOCT naJOHl1 nOMcwaH II co (l>pHn I WTO ce nOTBpnYBa II co Toa WTO Kavoav)'1]r npCI\apOT

Ha flOCJlCAllIIOT u,ap IIj~ MCOHCKaTa AIlHaCTllja XepaKJTnUIi. MO)KC na ee cnopcAI!

co Kavoawli. IIM CT,f lIa 60rOT lIa BOjHaTa Kaj KpecTOHIiTe. Bune),," KpccrOHllja 113Bccno BPCMC 61111a nOll B1l3cr ua najoullTc. TOfolalLlCK C'leTa

. 6 ,~ O ACKa Kal.fAaoH C naJol~c KIl or. II npyra crpaHa. ~PBIlOT I.{ap lIa MeOHCI\aTa nllHaCTItJa Ha XCpaKnll.IlIlTC 61111, cnopcn XCponoTY'o( ArpOH (Aypwv). ArpOlf

flaK C IIMCTO Iwe ro 1I0Cl1 eACIl 1l11l1pCKII BnaneTell. Kal.{apOB Ja6eJle)Kysa

CJIlltlHOCT MCry Arpo II najoHcKIlTC ArpnjaHI1. A naK IlPCTI.{IITC Ha ArpoH. HUH II Bcn

lM (Xcp l}l. I. 7). cnopcA En. Maep. ee ceMIITCKII IIMlll-ha . ,Ua

,uoAaAcr-lc II Toa ACKa cpcAlloncKoBHllTe ArapcHIl OAHoeHO Arapjaml. Ja KOII

CMCTaMC ACKa cc aHT>WIKIITC ArplljaHlI, SOAaT nOTeKllO Oil Arapa. ellyrllHK3 J-Ia ABpaMoaaTa )KCH Capa. Koja 61111a no nOTCKllO Em1lKa1lKa. 11lO I1IIMCTO

CIIMOII. KOC nOAOll,H ro 1I0CII CAell arplijaHeKIl BJIanCTCll. C CCMIITCKO.I'JI

MUTOllOlUKOTO npcAalillc ro nOCOlJYBa Meoll (ncol! ) KaKO Kpall IHI

(f)purnja II IlIiAllja. 19! H MllrAoll C Kpan lIa (l)pllrllju.~ITC. a llaK MllrAollllja C

06naCT Ha XanKI1AIIK. MIITonOUJKII npe):10K Ha ¢PllrllCKaTa KpanCKJ KYKa c Mn,[la. KOj naK UMan panllHIIIlO):1 rillaHllHaTa 6CpMIlOH. 19J

BPCK IITC Ha ~PIlT co jy:+<H06anKaUCKIIOT npocrop WTO CC OAiulBane co nOCpC):1CTHO lIa Mana A3l1ja, Tpc6a Aa rll rlle):1aMC KaKO e):1Ha KOMnOUCHT3.

WTO cc Haslfpa 130 KynTypliliTC II AYXOBHIITC MaulI¢ecral\llll. Mc.rYToa. 130

aUTlltUOlTe il3Bopn ce cOllYBalll1 no,uaTOI.{II 3a Il.llpeKTIIII BpCKII I\lCry KpllT II

nOAOltHCLUHaTa MaKf:AoHllja.

E,[lHa npeccn6a Ha KpllTjaHIlTc lIa 6allKaHoT ce o):1llrpana. KaKO WTO , K T 1161111)KHO speMeTo no 1400 ec CMeTa, no ACCTpYKJJ.ilJaTa lIa HOCOC. oa e np .. OT

r Kora KHOCOC nOCTpanan on 1I0)Kap. npCAII3BIlK3H uaJBcpoJaTHO co npOAOp . sa CTpa60H rpyna Kpll'l]allll Ha Axaju,IITe IIa OCTP BOT. KaKO IlJTO coOntuTY .

E aTIIJ' a l~ nOAOUHa KaKO UITO C npeASOACHII OA 60Te H ce lIaCCll lllle so M. . npII¢aTCHO Taa 06J1dCT Ke II0Cil liMe 6oTllaja. MO)l(CMe.ll.a npeTnO:Tallllr<6lC

, . 6 na co MaJll1 pa3Mcp". IlHaKY I~e II ACKa OHaa npeccn6a \/a KpllTjallllTe He II 1,( K 1~~ , HTU'IKIlTe aSTOp". t'I 011011 61111a BpCnH<l Ita 61lHC 3a6cJIC)I(alia Ott a

181 W. Tomaschck. Die a len Thraker. \Vien 1893. 1/ 1,56.

IAA Herod. 1,7.

189 ldcm. . Bli II Ka ' B COKonoBcKa. najOllCKOTO I"') 3a npo6ncMOT Arp IJaIUl. Arapjalllt .Arapellll. C'EO AlcrA ARCHAEOL. II. CKOlljC

co naMaCTItOIl. MA . nnCMe ArpuJallll It ~pCKllTC ,.., 1990.91] II .. oco6cu 3a6.57n.

191 Ibid, 25. 51. 17 .

192 Diod Sic. III. 58.

I~' Hcrod. VIII. 118.

1 ... SIr. VII. 327; fro J J a

19S Kanon, Nnrral 25.

COOlllUTYS3J3 CIl. IIO "3CCnYBal-be 113 KpliTjaulf'rC BO M aKCJ,lOI-lllj a. CAoj liar

THe uoaraaT Oll11T31111j3. KaUe no lIeycneulHlIOT nOXOJ,l Ha CIlLl,llJlllj<l M IIIIOC

3ar1l1l3n. a HcrOBIlTC KpnTja Hll npCTpnCJIC 6p0 Il.OnoM.

Q6HIl.OT 1a xpOHonOUlKO cjJlIKclipal-bC IIa COliC UBa HaCTall1l CC YUlTc lie I\tO:iKCMC Aa ro CMCTaMC KaKO ycncweH. npcJ,I ceo IIC C PCIIO nanll Cc pa60TII

3a ABC npcccn61l IInl1 ca,\10 3a e.nHa. AKO cc UP>KII\IC ItO MIITO'!'. MIlHOCOOIlOT

naT Ha CIII~IIJ111ja BO 1l0Tpara no nc.nan H HcrOBaTa CMpT. 611 Tpc6ano ita Ce

nonp3C co nponacTa lIa KH OCOC. Toa 3Ha l lli ,n:CKa cnlla rpYII~ KpllTJa11l1 nOIl

OOTOII cc UoccnyBa ua oanKaHOT. a Upyra Oltll BO H Tan liJ a. 3nil\IIITCJIIiO

no}toqlla, OBIIC IITanCKIi KpllTjaHiI. ce r a nOA liMe lanllfll. KC ce "aCCnaT So MaKc,n:O Hlija. AKO C Toa TaKa. npcccn6aTa Ha " IITanCh:IITc" KplI'rj allll e 1I 3Bp UiCila lIa npocTOp Kauc BCKe ce Haoran e HIIBHII CO llap0ltll ll U.lI, T.C.

DOTllaIlTC. C1II1'11I0 lIa cnylJajoT co TeYKpIITc, KOII CC HaccnYllaaT IICKanc so 611113 ll11a ua CBOHTC CO liapOUHlIIW OJ:{ TpoaJ~a . HCKa>KaIlO C MIICJ1C lbC IICKa

npCCCn6aT1l 1Il.l KpllTjalllf'rC O,u HT1lnllja Tpc6a na CC flOBP3C CO KOnOill!.

3a l llljaTa Ha M CIl.IITCpaHOT. na cflopcn Toa lJaCTaliOT CC AaTlipa BO V II J. OAiIOCIIO

BO V II BCK. 1Wi

npnaTa npcccn6a lIa KpliTjallHTe nou BOllCTBO Ha 001'011 C 113BPUICIIIl

H1l npoCTopOT OU nOJl,OLlIICUHlaTa o OTllaja. 130 Toa BpCMC. 113rJlc,n:a. 1I011laTa

KaKO EMaTl1ja. OBaa 06naCT. nenl! CTpa601l.ja n p>KeJIe II EllllpOTll1I I-1nllpli.

HO 1l0rOnCMIIOT ItCJI ro 3a3CM3ne OOTllaIfTe. 197 QBOj nOnaTOK cCKaKO CC

OJlHecyna lIa npCMCTO npcJl MaKCnOIiCKaTa eKcnaH3lfja. 6 11AcjKIt DOTllallTC CC

npOTcpaJH1 on CTpaHa Ha M aKeUOHl_.{IITe. KOII CC HaccnYBaaT lIa XanKIIHIlK BO

06naCTa IUTO cn opclI, IIIIB Ke ,n:0611 e li Me DOTIlKa . Hlln llKaTlIlHl O C IIITO

TonOHlIMIi TC H JI,OMCIIC, ropTlllwja II Eyponoc, KOII CC cpcK3n3aT II 11 3 KpliT.

CC nOL\lIpalili Kpaj 3'HIaJl, lIaTa CTpalia lIa AKCII OC. 1911 npocTilpajKII CC

3Ha t lllTcn ll0 KOII cenep 11.0 MllncTKoBo. ,n:oucKa BO tl,C lnpaJI II3Ta. BilCT lIlICKan

oOTllaja , KPHTCKlIlIMlltba uc cc cpcKaBaaT. Aaml Toa 311a'III IIcKa 60TOliOBlITe

KpnTjaH Ii npBlI'liiO ce H1lCCn llnC fl oKpaj Bapuap 110 AC~HlP Kanllja . KaJ~e OCllOBanc IIaccn611 II 11M ]lanc CBOU HMlllha, a nOToa CC nOI3J1CKJlC lIa 3<1 l1a1\.

TCUlKO 6 11 Gllno J.{a cc ouraTlIC.

nOKpaj Y1 ,uOMCIIC, r opTlllmja II Eyponoc, lia Tcplnoplljanlll<l n ajo lll1ja

ce Ti03HaTil II /lpyr ll TOIIOIIliMII 1I0Bp3aHII co KpIlT. Ha KI IOCOCKIlTC rJ1 I1I1 CIII1

Ta6n1l1l,1I , IICrIllIUa1i1l co nllllcap lIO B IlIiCMO npOlll1Tall1l ce 360pOOll PAl II

ST.ABA ~ A.1W npBOTO cc ,nO BCnYBa BO BpcKa co n W01'H. 3a B1'OPOTO.

HaJBc poJaTllo cc paGoTIl 3a '2::rof301, IICTOIIMCHIfOT rpa,n: lIa YCTIICTO lIa Ep"roJl

BO AKCIlOC. M ccanoc (Mcaaa;co ... ). pCKa Ba KpHT. Tpe6a CCKa KO na cc nOBpJe

66

TaKa ~lII cnll 011. nOIlOBlIK. o.c. 26 .

." Slr_ VII. fro II

Thuk II. 99·I{)(l

!W Cllopen r aBcna n pcn . alba 1\ 311<11ba 0 CTapoM 6allKallY. 6eorpaJl 1978.60

cO M ecanllo l-l (Mtaaam(JII). llJIalllma BO llaj-OHllja' , . '6 Kane )IOIBCCII 611301l0T 1oo:0j I

JlajscpOjaTllO TpC a .u.a CC IIJlCIITl1(fHlKYSU CO M . • (' aneWCBCKaTa n nall ll11 ·1 co

OcorOBo.llnH co UnCTC. 1l0MCI-JaTaTa roprwJa rpa ' . . . .u Ha peKaTa BilpJlap ll\IU .u.llpeKTH3 napaJ1ClIa co KPIITCKllOT rpa.u. roprul' H K . . t n ' a PIIT CC Imora rpa'l Aq,oala"'o .... a 80 ajOlillJa Toa C peKaT3 A~IOS' ~n Os ' . . lie TonOHlIMIl CC Cllr\'plI'l nOTBPUa 33 3Ha 'l aJ IIIITC BpCKIl Ha naj·OUCKJIOT npoCTOp K K .' CO pilT. aKO 10rll'IIIil nocnCAl llla na BaKBaTa KOIiCTaTaJlllja ce lIa\leTH)Ba n . paw<tI-hCTO naml CC TOil 6anKaHCKil TonOHlIMllllpeHCCClI1I Ha KPIIT lin II 06PaTHO . - KP"TCKlI npCHecc lIII U3 oanKa tlOT.

MO:.KCMC Ua JlOnYUlTI1MC J\cKa BO 6YPHI!Te BpCMlll-ha Ha GpmDCIIOTO

BpeMe. co III1AOCBpOIICKaTa Mlirpa l~ lIj a IlJlllnon,OllHe llJHaTa ErejcKa IIpccc.'1oa. Kora HaCTalianc ron Ct.lIl 1I0MCCTYBaiba Ha 6anKaHCKIITe nonYllillll1ll KOII

JeMjllTC lIa M c,n: IITcpa HOT. lIa ro 3arp03 11 ne nyP" 11 Erllnc'!'. ACJI Oil 6anKaHcKoTo HaCCJlC lIlIC CTIII'IIan lIa KPIIT II . HacenYBajKII ro oCTponoT. rl1

npellcn cTap I1Tc TOI"lOI-IIIMIl BO 1I0BaTa TaTKOIHllla. MefYToa. TelilKO MOiKCMC

Aa O<iCKYBaMc BO 6pOII'JCIIOTO npeMc. Kora KPIIT o611n YBa co rpallonll BO 1oo:(l1l

l.{BeT1l I3 11 coKopa3Bllc lia Llil Bll1l1l3allllja. 1I0BO.o.ojACHlJ,1I Aa cc lIaMCTliaT co CIlOII

lI,\Bilba. Bnpo 'lcM. IlMCTQ STABAIA lIa rJ1lIllCHaTa ra6I1 1111a C nocTapo Oil

ErcjcKaTa npeccn6a. a H nmlCllcj. SIIYKOT lIa MUHoc. C nWIllOCT 1I0CTapa 011

TpojaHcKaT3 BojHa. OcrallYBa.u.a BcpYBilMe n,eKa OBUC TonOIHiMU CC IlPCIICCt:1U1

0.0. KpllT Jl1l oanKanOT. AKO 3a OBa uMaMC npaBO. cneAI! npalllalhcTo Kora

OBa ce cny~lI l J1o?

n naJlIIH3Ta MccanllOu (M EOoa;rW11). KaAe )KIIBeen naJOHCKIIOT 0111011.

ce JlOLl,npa CCSCp" O 01~ oCll aCIU~a . Onaa rcorpa¢CKa onpen,cnfia C 6a·.ulp'lIIa

Bp3 nOAaTOKOT ItCKa Taa rtnallllHCI rll JlenCJlil n ajoHIlTe 0.0. MCllIITC. P KlluepT ja II,uCUTllqJllKysa M ecanllo ll co MancwescKaT3 nnamllla II 3lHlrop.

MIlCJICI-bC Koe 1111 cc <{IIHII npuq13Tn llno. Cnopc].l Toa.lIoKalJ,lIjaTa Ha Mccaliliou.

3 H a~HITcn HO on,n:anc'lc lia OJ{ ErcjcKoTo Kpaj6peiKjc.ja HCKn}/lI)'sa MOJKIIOCTa

TonOH IlM OT n<l ro J.{O ll cnc OOTOI/OnliTe KpwrjaHIi . a YLIITC 110M ana c BcpojaTllocT3 nCKa Toa 1'0 IIanpaBlIlIe IITanCKIlTC KpllTj aH II , KaKO 111'1'0 IIHC

nl lIapCKOBM C. )J.nCTC cnOMCllaTiI Aoccnynal-b3 Ha KpuTjallilTc cll rypllo 11C1oo:<I

IIC 6 11n c MaCOBlI1l AO TonKaBa Mepa 3a Aa ro oKYllJlpaaT 11 0ronCMIIOT Ilcn 1Ia

najoHcKlloT npocTo p II Jlil I{OCTllrll aT Ton KY lIa ccscp KailC cc nOll11 pa Mccanll o ll. n o ce 113rJlCna .u.c Ka OBOj TonOIlIl\1 C no ueccB co npBuTc

"" "1111 11"11 CO T eYKpliTc BO TC).;OT AoccnYBaiba Ha KP"TCKo-all aAonCKIlTC nOlly,Lt...... "

lIa 6POH3CHOTO SpCMC. ApryMclITIlTe WTO I'll 11 311CCOBMe 33 MccanllOIi Tpc6a Aa CC OJtll ccynaaT

rt.. e"CH IIcno611TCli qlaKT ACKa H 3a CTo61l . n pllToa Tpc6a Aa npU't'aTliMC '"

.... t Cnopcn KaU.aPOB. rl C01I1UI :n ~ :)1 Ari:-.t. hi~t. amm_ IX , 45. cllopell KailapOB. neOll ll

}!.) .

67

caMO co noccnCIIIIUII . 3a pa3Jl11Ka 011 TonOllllMIiTC MO>KaT Ita Gil/taT nOHeccll1l ,.

" "cno nOABfI)Klla CTOKa, Mo:+::aT Ita ce IIMnopTllpamlTC npCnMCTlI 1..011, KaKO nt; . . THll'lKaTa npllnaAIiOCT Ha 1I0nyna [~III1Te JaBaT Ha npOCTopll IIc3a nllcHO on C >TO(301) C UCTO TaKa nml CCCIIO C~ Cnopcn Toa, IIMCTO ua rpanOT CTo611 (- .

On Mana A3I1Ja . 6POH3clloBpeMcllcKilTC HaccnYBa'H! ....

eK3Ta AKCIIOC. MopaMc BCnHaW na 3aKnY~1I1Mc UlTo cc oJlllecysa AO P < •

• 60Ka CfapoC1·. XOMep J3 n0311aBa OBaa JlCKa OBOj xunpOHlIM liMa lIeTO TaKa nna , . '

A Oli TaTKoBlluaTa Ha nUpCXM CC. CC lIaOra Ha pCKa non Toa IIMC. MIIJl . . n

A 'M 11 rCHcanoUlKaTa BpcKa ACTcponaJ- CJIcrOIl_ nOnHOBOJlHIlOT KCIIOC.

, 11'leTO Ha l)cKaTa IIOTc Kllyaa 3Ua'lIlTCnll0 "pcA AKCIIOC HasccTyo3 nCK3 .'

T . . 2Ul

pOJaHcKaTa 80Jlla . . rpaAOBJlTC H 'IOMCII C, ropTIlHuja u Eypon. pacnono)t( cu ll KpaJ

alia Iia Bap/lap MO>KCMC JJ.a npcTnocTaollMc .ACKa CC OClloBauli 3ana]J,uaTa CTP<, < <, .• BO 6POll3CHOTO npcMC. Ha saKoa KOHCTaTal.{Hja BCKC ynaTysaaT II CTpa)Ky~

nal-haTa lIa Il3ccn6l1TC. HCKonYBaibaTa Ha nOKanllTCTOT 60rOp01\III~<l KaJ

rcsrcnllja OTKpllja u3ccn6a co oCTaTOlll1 o,u 6POH3CHOTO I3pCf>.te KaKO lIaj cT<lpli .

WTO 311a'lII JlCKa lIaccn6aTa C OCJlOBaHa BO OBa BpCMC. Bo TCKOT lIa )t(cnC3110TO

BPCMC osaa lIacen6a nOCTallllO 3a~Ut pa, a HaccneHHCTO CC cen II Ha BapnapCKU

PUll KOj HajBe pojaTHo MO)Ke na CC IIAcHntcplIKYBa co cnOMCII<lTaTa

ropTHHllja .2114 BaKsl! nojaBII CC 3a6enc>KaHIl II Kaj .npyrll lI<lccn6 11 BO

nOBap,AapjeTO. uaKO lIaj'lccTO ce KOPIICfU UCfa JIOKau.IIJa.

MapKallTIlIIOT lIaon. 3a KOj CC CMCTa nCKa Ha eBponCKOTO Tno e nOIiCcelJ

o,n: bOTOHOBIiTe KplfTjallll. ABojuaTa ceKnpa, e nplicYTeH Ha DIlli e npOCTopll

HCKonKY BCKa. Bo ct>opMa Ha 6POH3C'i nplfBp30K C oTKpllBaH BO norpe6y·

Bal-baTa lIa nUMOB rp06 (XIII-XII BeK).205 nplfMepou.HTe OA B eprlflla no BII,1

lIa Tpojlla II ]J,Bojlla cCJolpa cc .n:anlpaHIl BO X-IX BCK.2(1I'> U CHTpanllJlOT rpoG

BO Bllcol! Conp:>K1! IHlTCPCCCIl npuMepoK, nanlpaH cca 1100 ron.2m TpllTC

68

"0)} Hom. II. II. 848-850.

lIll Ibid. XXI. 140..160.

11M J.1cKOrrYllaH.aTa lIa BnpJlnpCKil PUll cc apUlCHII 80 HCKonKY Haapa"!"!!. BU}II! B. COKOnOIJCKU. J.1cap MnpBIIHtl1l I! nonap,I.IapjcTo 80 all"l"ll'IKO HpCMC. CKOIlJC 1986.51 HajuoBIiTc lIoo5cI>HlIt IIcKollyaalha 113llCnelHl 1995, 1I0A P3KOHOflCTHO lIa A. MIITPCSCI'II. oTKplija lIen on npCnplIl>ICKa lIaccn6a 'UIII3a'ICTOtlll ce Bp3ysaaT 33 pa:nmCIlOTO nOCTapO If<CJle3IfO IlpeMC. CelJKYUllaTa CJlIIKa Koja ce ,I.I0611Ha Hp3 OCIIoa3 lIa OTKPIlCIlIiTC apXIlTeKTOIICKl1 06JCKTI! II apXeonOllJKIIOT MaTcplljaJl KOj rll CJJC,I.III KynTypmlTc CTpaTyMll II 3aTilopelillTC rpo6nll IICJlIIHlI, allCKsaTHa e IIa lfaccn6aTa lIa I1capoT Kaj M epsltIHlIt

:us Jl. MIITPCSCKII. n POUTC CTIIII'IKIl JaenHlltlil 00 MaKCJlOlflija. UIIBllnIl3aL\JlII 11(1 TJlOTO lIa MaKCllolillja, MAHY, CKOIlJC 1995,57 1111.

11. M. AvOPOVIKOt, I3cpylva J, To I'CKpOraq,cIOY Tall' WJI{JWY, A8cY(I,at, 1969, n/l'a~ I~ '1; l33aa; 118aa; 130pp.

2W" n. CIIMocKa. B. Callca, rIpallCTopllja 80 UeliTpaJllla nenarollllja. SIlTona 1976.55. ",0. 295; M (jarasanm, RazYijcno bronzano doba i prelaw I period IGvozdcno doba 1 MakedofllJc, Praistorija Jugoslovenskih zemalja IV, Bronzano doba, Sanljcyo 1983,791

npIIBP30l.{1I BO ¢opMa ua nBojlla CCKllpa 011. rp060T 16 BO B . Il CO I! cc n,aTlipalili

BO KpaJoT tla If<CnC3UOTO BpC~1C I II nO'lcToKOT Ha ' IKene3HoTO speMe II

npn6nll)l-mo lIa ilCTO npcMe npllnaraaT TpuTe npuMepOl1u KOII 6 '-\ nOTeKllysaaT

011. eAHO norpe YBal-bc non Morllna 011. BOjHIIK Kaj KYMaHoBo.'~·

npCMlIlIOT on 6POH3CHOTO BO IKene3HOTO BpeMe Ha , naJoHcKuOT npoCTOP cc KapaKTcpu311pa co 113pa311T11 MIIKeHCKI\ BnlljaHllja, KOU cc

f>.laHllcpcCTllpaaT uc caMO npc Ky IIMIIOpT ua MC'leBII, MIlKeUCKa Kepa\mKa II

IICj3J1.UO nOKanllO K~nHpal-be. TyKy II npcKy norpe6YBal-ba co 3rp'ICHII

nOKOJHIIl.{II .. ?BIIC nOJaoli CC KOHCTaTllpaHIl OC06CHO Kpaj nOBap,I.IapjcTO. nOCTlIrUYBaJKII Ha ccoep nypll]lO KOCOBO.2lN

Bo OBa BPCMC 3a lIaWIlOT npoCTOp e KapaKTep1lCTII'IH3 nOjaB<lTa lIa

6pOH3eHH IIrllli co nnO'tCCTa rnasa II 3ane6enYBaibe Ha ropllliOT ]1.cn BO

jajl.{CBUnHa (I'OpMa co uanO]J)tCUO )Kne6YBaIbC. 3a OBlle urnll C YCTaHOUCIiO

ACKa 1If>.133T IIpaHCKO 1I0TCKno II AeKa npllMepOll,llTC 0]1. YpapTy cc A3T1lpalill

BO V II I BCK. Ce CMeTa nCKa B3KBIITe IIr]11! oTKplleHII BO ¢opTYHa-WTlIIl ce

HC3HaTiIO nOMnanll .2lO

no 6paHoBHTc lIa ErejcK3Ta npcccn6a. Kor3 HaCTauysa cra61!1111331tllja.

.A03ra 11.0 113pa3CIi paCl.{yT lIa MaTCplijanHaTa II AYXOBHaTa Kyl1Typa. 11;.1KO 1<1

OBOj ncpnon cc A061lBa CKPOWIa CnliKa on IICTpa)KYBatbaTa ua nacen6l1TC.

nO.AaTou,IlTC on IIcKonysal-baTa lIa neKpOnOJllITe BO najOlHlja IIOKa)Kaa J1CKa

BO OBa BpeMe lIaCfallaJI 113pa311TO BII.n:CU HanpenOK. HajMllory n01laTOl.{1I CC

A06l1eHIt on IIcKonyualbaTa Ha nonllOTO nOBapAapj e. Bo rp060BIITC cc

OTKPIlCHII 6pojull npIlJI03I1- opY)Kje. KCpaf>.IIIKa. 6pOH1CH lIaKIlT II pa'lHOBIIJlHlI

KynTHH npC.D,MCTII. OCBCII 113pa311TO rpy6aTa Kepal>lIlKa Koja cc CpCKaB<l 00

Haccn611HCKIITC cnoesli. CIIOT MaTcplljan e cnCl.{lIjallHo 1!3pa6oTYBa il Ji.1

norpe6H11 l.{CJIIl. Cc A061lBa Bne'laTOK .D,CKa IICnoKynHoTo BHIIMaJl1IC 1m )1"IBIiTe

C CBPTCHO KOH KYJITOT Ha yMpclIIlTe. GHa WTO lIocc6HO lie IIIlTCpCcllpa. C

npucYCfBOTO na IlPIlBp301~II BO QJopMa lIa nnll..\1l 1\ APynl COH'ICSII CIIM60Jl II .

np1lBp30U,1I BO cpopMa Ha cTllnll311palla aqJJlolloBa '1allKa. ABOJIIII II TPOJIIII KOII • eKc "061lBaaT ClIIlTeT nHna6pllcH, CJIeMCIlTiI co KPIITCKII aHa1l0nlll 1'0

najollCKI1.2l1 . . H c C cnllOCTaBHO na cc 06jacHiI OBOj 6paH Ha KPIlTCKI! 011 1IJ3111IJ3. A<lJIII

K nil cc Toa TpaA11lI,JlOllaJl1II1 BpCKII. cc pa60TII 3a HOBI! AoccnClHl lI,lI OA pill' II

npenHCTOPl(CKI! "yJlTypn 80 2flII M. fapawalllll!. B. CaIlC8. JI. Cit/>lOCKa. 6. KIlTaI~~~~7 ' 798

MaKcnolillja. lllTlin 1971. 266 a·l\: M Gara~mn, P J.

200 M. GaraSanin, Bronzanodoba na Kosoyu, P1Z IV, 755. . 219 6 K TaHOC"" npeAIICTOpIICI'" KyJlTyplt, ..

m M. fapawalllUl. B. Callca.A CiIMoaclw .. I' .

Garasanin, P1Z 797. . TC 6POII11'" on ~OpMII Ha MaKCAOHCKil

111 J1.. MIiTpeacKIl KapaKTcpIICTII'llIlt.... . .. ARCHAEOL 9 CKOllje 191'18. , B MACED ACfA . .

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69

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ARCHAEOL 13. C Kollje 1993, 129.

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ARCHAEOL. II. CKOllle 1990,79.

m IbId en 8 . .. M umCairoNo91/196lBCJ.llSI

m Mohamed Saleh, Houng SonroUllan. The Eglpuan usc "

155-1· 1529 BCJ, No, 12811550 BCI.

71

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. ' POH3CHOBPCMCIICKIITt: ocsOJyoa'lll ua AOJlIIO\IaKCnOUCKaTa pa~nllll __ la 3a KOII .

h ' TOJ C.'olen ACt.:a TrcG·, Aa cc IIAeHTIH"IIKysaaT co najolicKaTa nonynatrll)· aT· '

n . .... . oJ OAII II nOHaTaMY II CMCTa JleK3 aJoulITc Muory pallo BpUJaT npo"op KO •

~ H ceDcp 110 pC"<lTa Bapnap, a Ha )allaA· npcKy 11I11IK KOH IlclIarOHIiCKaTa paMHlllla.-'

On aIHII'IKIITC 113BOPII 311aCMe .ucKa najollcKIlTe nlle~llliba fill.'IC

CTaLJ;1I0U "pall II OKO!! y naHrCOIi II YCTIICTO H3 CTpIiMOU. ja np)f{cnc II IICTO'lliaTa

CTpaHa Jla ~onullOT TCK 11<1 CTpYMa. ccoeplllloT Aell lIa xanKllAiI'lKI\OT npoCT

il n . ~ 011110TO onapnapJc. IICJ10BII on IlcnarOlfllja II CPC/lHOTO nOBapJlapJc co

BanaHAOBCK<1T<1 KOTlIIIIW. Iia ceBep. TC'ICBIICTO Ha OperaJlHIlQa 1l(l)f{1I Kat.:o

CTap najollcKIi lteliTap. onJla:!Opa e nOCO'ieila KaKO Hajrone", naJOIiCKl1 rpM.

It1JOOP"TC 111.1 C'rpIlMOH II AKCIIOC npllnaranc 113 ArplijaIiIlTC. ~; ' TCPIiTOPlljilTa

Mcfy BI.m. UJTO 33q,aKtl eaCH 3Ha'IIITclleu nojac Koj ce npOTcra OA nCpllll"

npeKy JY>KIIOTO nOMOpaSjC. IICTo'mo Kocooo. CKonCKO-KY\ItlHOBC"1I0T

pcrllOIl II TeTOOCKo·rOCTllBapCKIITC Ilon0311. 11M npllIlara Ha ArplipHIlTC.

l-iaollcTIiHa. OBlIC nOJlaTOLlll. CO'IYBallll Kaj aIlTII'IKIlTe IICTop"orpacpli. CC

OAHeCYBaaT Ha 110]tOU;lle>K1I0 upc\le. McrYToa. Tpe6a Ila ce mla npC/lDII;l Ac"a

qlOpMllp3l-hCTO 11<1 CTIIII'IKIITC rpynll 1\ AllcpcpeHl __ llljaU;lIjaTa Ha lIapOAIlTC C

AOJJrOTpaCIi OIlUJTeCTBeIlO·IICTOpIiCKIl npou;cc. BO llllj TeK e IIJUpmCH<I

aCIl~lIIn3qllj3 lIa cTapOCCACJIL\IITe co HOBoAojncHIITC, rpynllpalbC lIa CPOAIII'

nonynaltllOli1l rpynll co 6mlCKil nYXOBlIII II KyfITYPll1l Mallmt)CCTallJIII.

AKO ce np>KIIMC no rOpCQllTllpall<lTa KOHCTaTa~lIja Ha A OCllal\ ACt.:a

on paHOTO 6poll3ell0 1\0 >KCnC3110TO IlpC~IC Ba cpe.ll.l106anKaHcKlloT npoCTOp

He CC cnyllyU<1JJC KpyOl11i npOMCHIl. Tornw MO)f{eMe Aa 3aKnY'IlIMC JlCKil

OeliOsel1 eTlHltlKl1 cyncrpaT lIa olJoj npOCTOp CC najollcKIlTC nonymll\llll. KOII

IIOAOI~I-!a KC rn n0311<1BaMC II 110 1II1llllilTC IIMlilha: najollnll. Cllpnonajollll.

A. Benac. Pr,lI~,oriJa jug(l~la\'cn'klh lcmalja. ZclJczno doba. K!1J- V_ $araJcHl ]9S7, 7Y I.

824 . m Heurtlcy. Prehi~'oric "'ttcCU(lOla. 118 I no. Hammond. MacedOnia. Volume 1, 41 R

.we Pol V. 97

'2'1 SIr. VII. Ir. ~6. r Bo TpynoT "f1ajOItCKOTO /IllC\lC ArpIIJallll". II II 11_ rn onpe!l.e.1YBJ\1 npoCTllpllll l"t'

rpallltl\tt Il<l ArplIl<lItItTe.

75

" n 01'" '11 CCnepH IlOT Gno!\., KOI CC 111)01'" , j],CPOIlII. JI;III1'-II1. IlapaKcl1C It. Mcypn . ..r" On lIeTO}"; K~H 3<llliLl. ro lW;+.,:cnc ArpllpliliTC. npllponllO e ItC",,, CJtHa

o CBOJOT KVllTYIJ' . , . nOnYIwqilj<l KOP 3a3C~'<VW silt.:a rO!H!M npoCTOp. B _. l!1I pd H10J

IlPII~IiJ.TIa 8.111],-11111)<1 on COCCjlHIITC PCrlIOHII. KOII IIC1'O TaKa MQA.:3T Ilil Glillar

nOC.'1C;lI11Hl 11<1 J];IIPCt.:TtIIl npo.rtOpli II H<lCcnysal-hc H<l npyrll CTI1I1'IKII rrY,,!! co

nOCCOHIl K\'.I1npJlII 06CJlC::.KjJ.

A"(~ 3a'najOIlC"<1TJ 1l0nY,1Jl{lIj:l nocTojaT MJTCplljaJIHII nOK<lJ11llCK"l'

;:.tOjlCH<l on t\1I.:tllO.IJIIJil, Ja ArplIJ<lHIITe Toa He 611 .'lO:lKC.TlO Ail CC TBPllll

HIlBHOTD [IOTCI\.10 TCIUKO ,o,1O)l..:e /l.J ce IIJCJlyTII BO nOnaTOL(IITC on JHTlI'IKIITl'

InBopn. ArplljaHlITc 3<1 nplJnaT cc cnO.\IcHysaaT K<lj XCpOilO,." BO BIJCKiJ co OCBOjYSJILi.lTil 1-1<1 l\.fera6~!], HO osoj 1l0!WTOK ce C\leTa "aKO nOHoqllCiI\H(l

IIHTcpnollaUllja. KaJ TP":IIHIIH2lJ nO)1aTOKOT 3a ArpliJallllTC C cTancH 11011

CO\lIIeUalbC. OSIIC IICll:0CTi.lTOUII CC HaJlonOllHYIJi.li.l1' 0)1 1I3BCCTYBalb"lTi.l ua CTpi.l601l" "I II Apllpll '.\' K<lAC ArplljallllTc jacllo CC 03Ha~ICH II KaKO onpc}{cnClia

nonvmll~lIi'l. 110. ellTC OI1I1C []OHaTO[~1I cc OAHccysaaT H<l ITOJIOllIIC:.KIIO BpC~le

II TY"Ki.l HC~Ia A<l Haj.llCMC i.lnyll l1l OKOllY HIIBH01'O nOTCKlIO. McfYToa. II1BCeHU

IIHnllpcKTll1i nO,QaTOllll KaKO)1a 1I<lIJCeTYBa<lT .liCK;] HIIBUOTO nOTc"no Tpcfia

na ro 6apa\le lIa nOUllipOKllOT ,\la1l0<l3 I1 C"1f npOCTOp.

ArplipHUTC. lillC IIMC C CO"YBaHO BO cpe.[{HOBeKOIJHIITC Il'3nOplI KaK()

Arapellll II ArapJallll. cc CMCTa ,QC"<l BOnaT nOTC"110 Oil Arapa. cn)TIIII"C1 Ila

ABpaMOBaTa )KCHa Capa. KOja 61111a ErnnKaH"a. VI\ICTO lIa IIpnllOT KpOl.'l lIiI

\leOHCK<lTa JHlHaCTllja XCpa"lIl1)111. ArpoH. Ka ... apOB ro ,lI0BCnYBa BO npCKtI co ArplljJHIITC. " II IIMCTO CIIMOH. co~lyBaHo Ha MOHeTiI. 3a KOC C\leTa\IC JlCKa

nplillafa HCI arplljJl~CKIl I1nClJlCTCJI. C 6116J1I1CKO. 0J],1I0C1I0 CC\IiITeKO.' I

Oa apxconOIUKa f.fJCnlla TO""a nOCTojaT 113nCCIIIIIHI~II[\1I11 3a I\.)'JlTrpHII

CPOAHOCTII fin nOIlOllIlC)KHIlOT arplljalicKIl npOCTOp II npOCTopOT Mcry

CPCAIIIIOT TCK Hn CTPYM<l II ropt/IlOT TeK Ha MecTa. Cc pa60TII1a CnCTIIJIIIlIIT<l

nOLJ;llpaJ-II1 HCI B03BIIIIICIIII MCCTa, co KapncCTa nOAlIora. BO ~1I111 BJ~JTa6~J<lTlfl/lI - 113nO]l:tKCH Ii Kallallll 111111 l'pKanC3HII AynKII. ce nocTCIBYl3alll1 IIPCJ1~ICl'lI. Kep<l~IIj1IKII C<IAOBI!. nIlTOCII. IIpcwnclIlI, pe~1I111 KaMC~ba II Jlap'llIlb<l H:i

slIllapllja. AJlcKBaTlW nojaBa C KOHcTaTlipawl lIa na)l IlHIITC lIa rpaJlIIUlTC­

n CJHIHIW. KaKO UITO C BCKC cnOMCllaTO. D,anl1 OUIIC MallllcfJccTa"'llIl TpcGa,ll<l

76

Herod, V. 15; Thuk 11.99.101).

Herod, V. tIl,

r' Thuk. 11 96,

1.'" Sir. VII. fr. 16; 5. II

:1'i Arr. Anan. /, 5

~ Kal{apoB. nCOIIIUI. 24.

m B. ~OKO_l0BCKii. fl aJollclWTO n.1C\lC Arpl1JaHlI C.l 17. MOllcTaTa c 113jltCllii 110 K\ TIIII,1 K3J CCKOB311. 80 OC'l'3Ba lIa i{3MaCTIIOIICKI! \JQ:'CTI!.

CC CCP(ll'llT K<IKO Onpa3 11<1 KYJlTYPIlO Cil.IIHCTBO '. Ha eilHa " HCTa 110 CJ1y~taJOB arpl1j31lcKa. KC Tpc6a Ita nOl\a:.+:aT HaT lIynalUIJit. RO

aMOWHI1TC IICTpa' , . B ce"Oj ClIY~laJ.IICTp<I)f(yna~II1Tc lIa OIHlC ceCTIIJlII' ,J+:)BJlbii. 0 .,. UJTa KOHCTaTllpJJlC ll' .

nOj<lBIl HC CC 3aOCnC)Kallll lIa npOCTOpOT IIa T c",a BJKBII

P 'I/o paKlija. oeBCH Ha J npocTopn- O,llOllIlTC.' MO)Kc611 C npC\IHOf)' C\ . analHllT!.!

. .le.1a IIJlejJTa ;jeKa 130 c. ' \lOIKC\lC Ita ro CJlCnllMC lIaTOT lIa ArplljamlTC 0'" 'Y'lilJOB

M IICTOK KOH JanaI! OllHoe cTanilTC Ha ntlBHOTO lIaCCJlYBa.bc IIa EartKaHOT n ' • HO , "MO KOHC'IHOTO 3a3cM'lib' .

TepllTopuJaTa lUTO KC ja n.'laneaT BO K.'1aelfliHilOT nepIIO;l. " C /1,1

Kon KpajOT lia 6POIl1CIIOTO. OJlHOCIlO npC\IiIHOT " . no n:C.1CJIIOTO BpCM!.!

nOBTOp"O CC clIy~IYBaaT Kpyllllli npO\lCHl1 npenl13s • E. " lI"'aHIl co fCJCKaTil

npeccJl6a II ,lI0cellynalhcTO Ha 1l0CliTClIIITC IIJ norpeo'y" • , Rau,a BO yplm. T,II.

nOllJUbJ co ypHl1. Ja KOII CC BPJysa knobbed II fluted ",cpa-"," K" "" . . KaTa. ,lpai\r!.!pl1-

CTIIK."TC Ha HOBOnoJ.llcllI~IITC cc jaCHO "aHllcpecTllpaHI1. OC06CHO lIiI

arp"jClHCKI10T "pOCTOp. I-icKponollll co 1I0rpc6ysau,a 80 YP"" CC . KOllCT<lTI1-

palm KaJ n .l1pOT, ua no"aJlIITCTOT fopHa CTpa)f(aBa Kaj npOKyn1l,C, A01l1l<1

Epl-ha .... a KiJj npll1llTlllla. Kaparall Kaj KoeOBeKa MilTpOBIIlIa. XIl110JlPO~1 Kaj

CKOllje II Ap. Ce 'l~lIl11 IICKa HIII1HIIOT npOllOp KOH jyr ce 011BII8a.1 IIP!.!K)

3ananlla MaKenOllllj<l.lla IIJBCCHI1 nOKaJlIITeTiI Kaj fOCTIIBape KOliCTaTllpa1l0

norpe6yn<lfue 00 ypHll.·w

U.CIITpaJlHIIOT najolicKII npoCTOp "aKO na oeT3l1a.1

BOH OA np0)lopOT lIa IWCIITcnllTC lIa KPC\lJlIlijaTa 130 ypHIL 6ape" TaKa 113f!IC,llii

CHOPCll nOCcfaWHIITc C01HaHllja.

Bo McfYBPCMc.1l0afa 110 JUa'lJITeJJlHl BJlIljaHuja o~qyr. ~IaHllcpeCTIlpallll co IIMnopT ua MIlKCIlCKa Kepaf>IIIKa II oPY)f(je. "'oe ,Il0CTI1ra 3Ha'111TC.1110 11<1

ccsep. TaKa. MIIKeHCKIITC MC'lcnll CTllrtlYBaaT 110 npunen. TCTOBO 1I11r.1apC110

Ha KOCOBO. MIIKCHCKJ KCpaf>IIIKa CC jasyna Oll feBreJlllja. npeK}' BonospaTIL

" D. GergO\·a. Culiurl! In Ihc LaiC Bronlc and Early Iron Agr ill SoulhwCM Thrac(' IUpper '1k,la alld Middle Slrum:l Vallcys/. 3GOPII IIK M."-I" CB. 4 ApxeOllOflija. C"ollJe 1995. ]111 It

W D. SrcjoviC. Karagas and thc Problcm ofthc Ethnogcnc~is oflhe Dard<lman~: GOD IS:--"JM, Ba!kanoloskog instiluts, SANU, IV. Bcograd 1973.62 In.: I1CTltoT: Pral~lorJJ~ka n.~krnpl1la u Donjoj BrnJici, GLASNIK muz. Kosov<I IV-V, 1959-'60. in.; Mtlrev.,ki. A [3r1ljlca Tytt! Nccropolis neill' Skopje. STAR INAR Knj. XLI/l·XLlViI992-199].l3cograd 1994. II. II " ,~ M" I" "'OT 'paJ· "P")' apxcOJlom"':lIl'c 1I<10:llt. II..... IIKyn'lItK. MIIII<lTOTO ll<l OCTlIllape .

rOCTIIB;'P 1970. rir0Tt0pOT ua OBOJ llorpe6cII PIlTYC cc Bp3}'Ba 1<1 1l0Upal{lIp co

Pano ne)JIIIIOTO lIallnCt \ oalhC lIellJlleClta eTIIII'IKiIIlPIIU3JUIOCT, BpC\ICTO no Koe ce o;tllr '. . " .. COBllara co BPC\tCTO Ita T.II KOII j)')KIII!OT nen 11;1 cpe/l1l06anKallC"':lIoT npoCTOp .... ,

E . II WPCTO" (Sea pl'oplcs).1I0.1aTo" .. <rcJc...:a Ilpecen6a". "Oja pClynTllpa flO" apOl1 llTC 0,1' ""1 (119< 'I X,6v BO BPC'ICTO IIi! Pa'lJc~ , Ja6ene)Kall lIa 1I,ITIlIICOT 0,1 'pa\lOT BO I" clllflleT.' "

a OBaa 1I01\"<ll.(lIj,1 BllcnlM 1177). nOJlt<lTO c itCKa lIoar'alhcTo II lIa8..1CrYBalbeTo " • '.' r" J lHa.taJIIIII\IIBIf.1I1Jal\ltJl .1l1il

rone"o OCllpO'taUJ),Balbc . .'lYp" II nponaCT 1Ii! • .n0 Toran . A a • "pOC1C~CIIO It • lie ;toaratt.e BO TIl",.. ." eTana 011 08.IIC npollOpu J10npl:llla e co OPI{IITC. I "'OI'OT H<I rn"...:Hil

'...:aAeIlTH3 cpa3a 80 pa J • ,. co reOMeTpIIC"':11 CTII!I 8.0 "cpa\lll"aT:l. C;UIilIlI; . "TO '" ilOPlUtTC lIa ltop11llTe 3 1I0aralb.. • Y'\\CTIIOCT. MIIKCII:I CC P},IUlI 110" },Aap"TC [13 .

KPIIT CTaBa KpaJ 113 6P"llllj3l1TllaTa ,,,,,,oc,,a YMeTIiOCT.

77

CKOIlJC. no K OCOBO.IlYP" II CACll MIIKCHCKII w nCM 11 3p360T~ 1I 01t. 3a 611 11<1 BCnap

ce j'8)'Sa In XllnOAI}OM.1.ll1 Cc 'lIl11ll,JlCKa MIIKCIICKII'I'C BI1IIJaHIIJ<l CC 01'8 11 8 < < ~a_1c

npt.!TC)KlIO IIPCKY BapJlapCKO-MopaSCKaTa MarllCTpana, HaKO 11 JanaAli<lTa

KOMYIIIIKal{IIJa II C Gllna JanOCTaSCHa.

KaKO KOHTIIIIYUTCT lI a OBIIC BnJljaH llja so pa3BIICIlO'l'O :>KCnC3HO Ilpe . \Ie Ha llajOlicKIlOT npoCTOp KC AOMIIHllpa IIHXYMall,lIJaTa II u.IICTa'l'<I KaKO rpOGHa

apxlITeKTypa. nOKpaJ CJlHOCTaBIHlOT HallllH Ha n orpc6YBa i be BO rpoGHII ja\1I1 HIIBHa MaCOBlia n~"Melia e ~OHCTaTl1paHa oc.oGelio BO n onapn3 PJCTO. CYBn

PeKa II f\llInu,1I KaJ rCBrenliJa. MenC3HIIK KaJ ,il,CJlcml . J.1 eap Kaj Mapnllll~ rnOC Kaj fplillw'I'c. CTOGII II B011KOSO Kaj CKonjc.

W H o. BO IIC'I'O npc\IC ~~

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KOHCT~Tllpalia BO J.1 CTolllla MaKc.n:Olluja (OpnOBII 1.I yK II " KapaOpMall) .l4;

3Ha l !aJH3 HCKpOliona nOll TyMyml C KOHCTaTllpaHa Ha AaGJ1[~" Kaj Con (CCBCpHO OA BeJlcc). 241 Bo n cnaroH llja. n 03 HaTlIO'I' TYMyn co 37 f]o rpeGyo<lI~: e cafolD Jlen OJ~ roneMa "~Kpono11a co IICTa rp06Ha. apxlI'I'eK'I'ypa.w TYMYJlor

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78

Ba1o:BIIlIacr31111II JlOllroTpaJlla CTarnallllja Mopa na e II0CnCnll1(a lIa MaCO/lCIi l1PO;IOp.

OAIIOCIIO ynan lIa ['01le\UI MaCIl IlapOrt 111111 lIapO,[{1I CpQJ:UIII cnopcll CSOIiTe I1)'XOlllIl! 11

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I/a JYA:IInOT Sam:all II EreJoT. I1cxonll3T3 TO'IK3 113 OR3a 1I0IlY_1allIlJa Tpeoa na cc napa BO CpenIiOIlO,[{Yl1aBCKaTa pcnlJa. co KapaKTcpllCTlI'llIaTa urncnrcldcr 1o:y1lTypa. O,1110CIIO

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nOMll ll ll pa<1T KPII1'CKII BlIIljallllja II KpIIl'CKa CTOKa. 11 M IIKena llClRCl IICTOlleTHa

Cll IIKa. U cnoKyn H3l'<1 YMCTIIOC1' \)0 OBa apCMe H3 nC110nOHCJ e 130 ·.ma"OT 11;'\

KpIlT . .I1.a cc nOTCC1'llMC lIa IIcxaplI1'e on Baq>llo. Ha rnllll1'IIK3T<I II

3JTaTapC1'BoTO, I ia '1 111 1 npOII:mOIlI I rncnJ~le JJ;JMII BO 1'lIrJll 'IHO Kpll1'CKCl oGnc"a.

II rp ll II 60p6 11 co 6 11 K0311 " MlBOllll. ce BO Cl'llnOT " JlYXOT Ha KPIITCKCl1'a

YI'. ICT IIOCT . A BaKBIl n pCJlMCTII ce O1'KPIICIIII BO rpo60BIITe H3 K pyroT A II

K pyro1' B. n a 1\ pcnjccpo1' BPJ H31lllpaTHII Ko1' Ha JIaBoBcK31'a Kal1llja,

CIIM60nOT 11 3 r panoT, I taKO ce C~IC1'a AeKa e on nOlloUHelKHo IIpCMe. C BOIIYXOT

Ha K p IiT. 1-1 , KaKO U1TO Bcnll UOJl LJ cnBlllC uenoKynHaTa IlpCCPIIIIC1'<I

ll I IB II Jl Il 3a]~ llja BO YMCTHOCT<l II 3aHaCTlI1'C Ha 1("001101'0 e 1l03aj~lclla o~ KpllT ~, E llno Jl3 CC pa60Tll 33 IIMlIop1'llpalll1 npenMe1'1I 111111 KPII1'CKII "laJCTopll Ila

... Itml 205

l' CHopen. o. rallc.1a, 11CTOPllJ3 ) \leTlIOCTll. 64

J ChadWick. Thc Mycenaean Worltl. Bcogratll980. J8.

c-' n.'

pallOTl.:.1C Ilil ilCJIOIIOHC3. ":PIITCh.<lTa "YJ1Typa II YMCTIIOCT JlJBPIUllnC rOllC\IO

1l.'1l1lillIlIC Bp3 rp'II\OTO II:orIHO.

npOflOpOT 11<1 "PIITCh.tlTtl "Y~T)'pa 1111 ere}CK IiTC OCTPOI1I1I1 ncnOIlOHCl

He \IO>t.:C ;l<-l ce 06j<lCilil ca\1O co \lcrycc6HII KOJlT(lt..:TII II 1I\1Il0PT Ha CTOK<l. Bo <lIlTWIKIITC IIJBOP" cc cOllyeaHIi JII.(l'IllTCJHIII flonaToqll ][1 npccCJl611Tc.~ lIa

KplITjaHII. Kah.o LIlTO cBOCSpe\ICHO Kp~1T npmUlll ]lOCCnl!11I1LtIl on Mana AJIIJil

II ErllneT, cera HCroSIlTC IKIITCJIII OCBoJysaaT HOBII npoCTopll1l ce II<lCcnynaat

H<I OCTPOBIITC II Kpaj6pcIKIIIITC nenOBIi Ha nenonoHc3. 1I0CCJKII ro co ce6e kP"TCh:1I0T 1-1<1111111 113 )fWBeeibe. rpanllTCJlCKIITC BCUlTIIIIII. JallaeTJITC

Y\ICTHOCTil. Dsa IWCCJI)'OilI-bC Mopano na 3anO'l lle ,nancKY "pell nOjaB<lTa u;

HajCTapllTc rpoGorm on_ KpyroBllTc B II A. vl3rnc,l1a HCKa TOKMY BO MIIKeu<1

II<.lCCJ1CHIlTC KplITJtl11Jl OIlJ1C on cr llnCTCKO nOTCKno. KOII. OTKaKO 3ajtlKllaJ1c

CKOHO;'.ICKII II CT<1Hi:lJ1C rocno,Qap". 3anO~IHanc Aa fO npaKTIIKynaaT

crllnCTCKllOT 0611'laj lIa CT<1BalbC 311<1T1111 MaCKIl np3 nll~CTO lIil IIoKojlllll lllTe.

Aa cc nOTCCTllMC I~a MUTOT 3<1 ErnllT II HcrOBllOT 6paT 6n ll311aK Aallal,

KOJ co CBOJlTe nCltCCCT KCpKIl no6crllCl11 BO ApronllJl<1 Kane fO 113CJJC1~IL'T

npCCTOJJOT Ha KpaJlOT lia n ena3fllTe. KOII no.uOl(Ha. cnopc,u IIOBIIOT Kpan CC

Hape~lcHII AaHajl(II.N

KonKY lI .ua ja CMCTaMC OBaa np"Ka3Ha KCiKO ncrC'ina.

\lOpaMC ,Qa ,QonYWTlIMC nCKa CO.uP)f(1I 113BCCHa .uo3a IIa IICToplICKa BIlCTIIII<.1.

Bnpo'lc;'.!. Mllrpal(1I0llllTC ItBIl)f(Cl-ba, OC06CHO BO 6pm13CHOTO BpeMc. O,Q<lMlia

CC COfJlC.lHlHIl KaKO IICTop"CKa BIiCTIIII<I,

nmHaTO C ACKa EmneT IIJBpWU.Tl rOneMO BJlIIjaHllc Bp3 KPIIT, no"paJ

0:raHaTOTO. MIHIOJltllTc ro KoplfCTcnc Xliepornllq,CKOTO nllC!\1O (c. 2100-1:>80). Bo ncpllOnoT Olt c. 1650-1400 fO,u. MIIHOjl(IITC pa3BIIBaaT conCTSCIlO

nllC\tQ Hape'leHo Jllllleapilo A. Olt Koe KC npoll3nc3e Jlllllcapl'loTO B IIIIC\IO.

cO'IYBaHo ua rnllHCmlTC nnOllKIl oTKp" e HIl Ha KPIIT II n cnonollc3. Bpc,Qllo C

Jltl CC CIIO\lHC nOjJsaTa Ha BKonaHIiTe rp06HIII~11. T.H. Tholos tombs" IIIlBllaT<l

nOCJlIIOCTaSlia BaplljaHTa - Chamber tombs KOII nOA BnlljaHlic Ha ErllllcT. a co

1I0CpCnCTBo lI a Kpill'. Kt! CTaHaT 06cnc)f(je Ha MTlKCHCKaTa cnoxa par exccllence.

npII"lnalllll'IITC H" Tc"aT ' ' \ ' ''' a 3a axaJcKa. OnllOCl1O rp'IK3 "pllna,QHocT 11(1 MIIKCHCKIITC snanCTcnll ro IlaB ' ,

• < el~yB<1aT KaKO apryMcllT np"cYTBOTO lIa opan<l Ha 3nal'H ilTe MJCKII Mona (IIa' ) ,

• 1--\< 11111 npaKTIIKYBaHa KaJ MIIKCIII(IITC. 3a pa3J11IK<l 0,l1 KpliTjaHIlTC (II ErtlllK'a""I') 6 ' ' , r c KOIi ce pl!llene.-~~ OHOJ apfyMclIT CCKi.lKO HC Tpc6a Aa cc JanOCTaBIl

. • HO HCTO TaKa Tpc6a J~a CC II:-'Ia npCJlBIlJl 11 nOJlIlTIlKaTa KOja MItKCIICKIlTe a . BJla,QCTenll Mopane na ja cnpOBCllYBaaT.

KPYA<CIIII co .llpyra Cl'UIflIK<I n onynal(lIja ap3 Koja Bna,QCCJlc. no oapalhCTO HallliH 3a IIACI-ITllrhllKYBalbC '

'F ' co Hea. npl1cflaKaJlC HallBopcwml 06cnc)f(p. BO c1y~laJOB 1I0CClbC lIa 6pana B '

•. npo leM. npUCYCTBOTO lIa OBOj Tyr CJlCMCIlT

84

.... Apd. Blhl. II, 1,4 In, Diod SIt.. V. 5H: Paw, .. II. 19. 3, Aeschyl .. suppl, 250 j n G. Myl()na~. o. <.: 102. Fig. 98.

naTlira J131TCKY npcAlTojaBaTa lIa norpe6yuaibaTa co ' ,... 3JTal1HlTe MaCI\" a TO'I 6 11no AOBOnl-W BPCMC Ita 1I0BOlt0JltCHU.IITC ce nOIiCTOBcTa A' ' • .' T co xaJIUITc.

KpaJoT 11<1 MlilloJcK3Ta MOK e npCnll3BIII\aH co a ' XajCI\OTO OCROJY"iUhC

Ha OCTpOBOT Kplll' c. 1400 r. HewTO npen Toa BO MIIKcl-la 0' , . nara BJlI1J31111CTO

Ha KpancBIITC II npllMaTOT ro npC3el>taaT axaj' CKIITC Bnane ' , Tellli. \Icry KOII nO;1DUIIi.l KC 611,QaT 113Jcn3Btlll A-rpeJ II AraMC\lHOH.

np06nCMOT /liTO ro 1I0CTaBIIBMC BO HacnOBOT Ha oooj Tpyn • KOII Ct.!

CTUII'IKIlTe JlOCIlTenll lIa Tpe6cmlWKaTa HCKponona. ro npOWllpl18\IC II IIa

n eTllne n -OepalH\1I 11 npynlTc nCKpOnOJTTI BO n cnaroHllja. Kal\O II lIa CIII/AOC

1\ ocraHaTTlTC "~KpOTlOnll lIa XaJJKTlllllK 11 nonHOTO n ooapnaplC. OnpaRAY­

BalbC 3a OlW uaJAOBMC BO lIe0611'IHaTa CPOIlHOCT Ha rp061111TC npllnOJII II

6POjllilTC IICTII IInl1 CpO/lHIl Ilojaoll BO JlYXOBHIIOT )KIIBOT 111.1 nonyn<llllUiTC

uno fli Jl3cenYB<lnc oOlle npOCTopli. On Apyra CTpaHa. OTCYCTBOTO lIa anllc

MJllllq}eCT<lllllll BO PCfllOllIITC 3a KOI1 311aCMC Cl1rypHO lI.el\a nplillafanc lIa

JlPyrll CTHIl'1 Kit rpYIl3L\IlII. 1II11~aJl,e 3a npano Aa 3al\nY'IiIMC lI.CKa onllc npoc-ropll

611lTC lIacenelill co CAlia \I IICTa nonynaU;lIja. 3a Koja BepysaMe /lCKa Tpc6a.ll.a

cc IIp:e llTllqmKyua co najollcKIITC TlnCMlliba.

Bo apxajcKTIoT ncpllo,Q. BpeMe 00 KOC CC BKnonYBaaT CIiTe IICKPOIIOJTII.

op:ellUaLlJ paCl(YTcna CAlia KynTypa KOJa HCMa napancJJII BO 1aAHIIHaTa 1,.,

oanKallol'. IITiTy Ha TpaKllcKlloT. IIIITy lIa IIJ1IIPCKIIOT IIpOCTOp. HCj]1I11110T

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MO)l(C110 na ce pa3Rllc npcKY ejlHOCTaBHII KOHTaKTII \I npllct>a~al-hc Ha Tyrll

/tocTilruYBalba. Toa Mopa,Qa ce jaoYBa KaKO pe3Y11TaT Ha non rOTpal 1111 OpCKIi

lIa nonynallllllTC BO "lIj GilT CC lIaTanO)KeHII nYXOBHlI II/lel! BO pCJlllrIlOJIII':C

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H3GlljaT lIa 1l0npUlllua. A TIlC SpCKII HUSIICTIIHU 1I0CTocnc.

KaKo LIITO ce 1I0K(\)I(a on "PCTXO,QIIOTO 113JTara lbc.11II33 MUlHl(jlccTalllll1

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npmllln MlioryGpoJHlI ,QoccnCIIIIUIi Oll rImeT.

T · 'Ta SOj'Ha npSII OT 6paH 11<1 Ha oanKallOT ce OAllfpano npcn pOjJHcKa . T 'aT'1

, pan ]lCTO TaKa IlpeR pOJUtiCK. < IIpcccnllllu.1I OJ~ KpllT BO EMaTIlJU ce o,Qllr < II .'

, 'P"TCKII nOCC1leHI1l~II. O. ;taml oOJlia. no KOj ycnCJl,tlnc JlOlHI 6paHosil lia K ,

, ' 'TC rpo60BIIII pllTyaJJOT CBP1<I1I MO)KCMC II 11M na 11M rll npl1lHlUlCMC KUC)KCBCKII ,)

. . lI"IITe co 3JTaTHil \taCKIi. co oGnO)KY0<lIl.CTO Ba mlU;CTO ml nOKol H '-\

~ Bun!! Ju6. 20.

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npllCYCTBO na KPIITCh:O lIaccnellllC 1Ii1 Olllle npOCTOp". BO <tIlTWIKIlTC 111110 . _ Pit H,e e CnO\\CHilT HilT)' C1{CII "pIITeKIl rran. Bo 6oTlIaFl.llaccnc~m ~o OOTOIlOIlI1Tc KPIITJ<HIII. He e 01''''PIICII HitTy cAeH KHC)f{CBC"1I rroG Oll apxaJcKIiOT ncpllon.

Bnpollc\t. 60TliallTC cc IIJrOIiCTlI Oil CTpall<l H<t M<H~enmll\IITC 1\ BO npCMero

lIa KHC)l..:CBCKIITe rpo6om l HIIB flillaoraMc 1I <l XaJIKIlIlIlK. BO o6nacr<l lI<lpctrclia

CIIOreA HIIB 601'III{o1. Bo 479 r .. "ora Omill" 61111 pa:wpell OA CTpalia 11(\

n epcIIJ<tllllIlTC , co Hero unf1.occnc OOTII<lIlTC. KOJIKY 1111 e IIaM n03H<lTO, 110

bOTIIKtl IICTO TaKa He ce OTKp"ellll norpe6YB31b3 O/~ 1'111101' lIa KHC:.KCIlCKIiTC.

nplICYCTBOTO Ha KpliTJaHII 11<1 JlOJIHO\laKC,nOHCKIIOT npOCTOp e 1I0CBCAO\ICIIO

1\ nOnOl .• Ha. KaKO U!TO e nOJuaTo. BO Bojo~aTa ua AJIcKcaHl1ap III YlICCTBYB<l.1C

KOHTlIHre~ITH Ha ,.KpIITCKIl CTpcm"II·'. LUT~ 3I1a'iJI,n:CKa Tile ro 3a~p}of(anc CBOjOT

CTHIIKOI!. Ho. BO 113Bop"Te HCM3 ,n:a HaJneMC HIlKaKs<t aJIY311Ja lIa HIIBlli.lTiI

eh:OHOMCKa MO';: IInli TC)KIICClbC 3a BJIa,n:eClbC Ha 0,n:,UC11I111 npOCTopli. TClIU':O

511 MO)KCne na ja npcTnocTaoliMc II npncpaTIiMc MO)K~IOCTa nCKa KpliTjallllTc

CTalianc BnanCTenll II BO OXP"]1CKIIOT perllol! II 130 )J,eypllon II BO D,OllIlO

nonapnapjc, Kora 3~taeMe nCKa 130 apxajcKlloT flCP"O,U KaKO HajMOKlia CC

jaB),Ba najoHcKaTa nonyna~lIja. na CHopen Toa, 11311I1rHYBalhCTO lIa

apIlCTOf.~paTCKIlOT CTaJTe)K " lIojasaTa ua KIIC)f(eBCKIlTe norpe6YBalt,a Tpe6a

Aa ce nOBp3e co Hca. BnpO'ICM. 1l0rpC5HaTa MaCKa. lIajCYIUTCCTBCHIIOT 6e.1cr

lIa KHC)KCBCKIITC rp060BII. He C KplITCKa cneu,lIq)IIKa,

KOJTKY II Aa 611no MaCOIHlO. HaccnYBalbCTO lIa KpilTjalillTc Ha 6anKaliOT

ce OnBllBano no 1\lIIpCII naT. AKa np13aTa npcccJI6a Iia KplITjaHIlTc non 130]lCT60

lIa 60TOH. Koja ycncnnna no 1lCCTpYKLtlijaTa lIa KHococ. CC nOKa)KC KaKO

sCPO,nOCTojHa, cnenHIlTC 5pa liOBil cc OABIIBanc Ha npocTOp" SCKC HaCCJlCllI1

co HIISHII COHapoAHllq11. KaKO nOllyJ1a~lIja Koja 1·1<1 CBoeTO MaTlltlHO T!lO

,UocTllrliaJIa BIICOK CTcneH Ifa KynTypCH pa3soj. Taa ycneana so HosaTa CpeJlllll3

.n:a HaMeTHe CBOII lI,nel!. a oepojaTHo II HatlJllI lIa )KIIUCelbC. A, OBOj npollcc \I

He 611JI TOJIKY Te::.KOK Jta ce 11 30ene. Toj CC o,n:slman Mcfy nonyna~lIja Koja II

caMaTa Boncna nOTCKJIO o,n: pcrlloHil KaAC CC Iiaofane KopeliliTC ua OBlle

"Y~TYPIl. TaKa, c03J{aBaH .. cTO Ha apxajcKaTa KynTypa lIa najoHcKllOT npOCTOp

CC J3BYS3 K3KO nocnC]1lfl..{a Ha IIlllUKaTa Koja OH EnHiCT CC ,U13 IDKII npeKy KpIlT.

AlluJ{onlija " CTllrllYSU U3 6UJIKalloT. Kal~c UO Cilc il flOBon CH MOMCHT KC

.Il0CTlfrHC cBoja KynMllllaQllj3.

Pa3rnc,nYBajKII ja nojaoaTa ua Tpc6cIHlWKIITe 50raTil norpe6YBau .. 3

BO OXPII,nCKilOT perllOIl, B. 6l1TpaKoBa-rp03.1lallOlJa oco5cIIO SHII\t<lHJlC

nocBCTYBa Ha cneMCIITIlTC KOII ynaTYBaaT Ha crlllleTcKoTO BJIlljaHIlC. oco6ello

nojasaTa ua MYMuq)\ll..{lIpa~bC. n1lcnaTa KaKO KpaneKII c 1IM60n, CIIM60Jlll t lllOTO

"jllallelbC lia caHJ{aJIHTe " ,npyrll nojaBII, ~JarnaCYBajK II ro nocpc,nCTBOTO 113

K pIIT.·'w

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B DIlTpaKOBa rpOJJlaHOBa, ('110MeH11JIIITC on IIPCIICTOplfCKIl 1\ aIlTI!'I"" IfCp110il. OXPJ.1,lJ,. KUl1ra npaa, ('KOl1JC 1985, 131.

Bo CTPV'IIWTil J11ITCpaTypa C IIUleCCilO J MIICJlClbCTOn,CKJTpc6'

IICKponOJI3 co cBojaTa UCll0Kynila KYllTypna co .' ClIIlWKara EilxcncIITc.~l>l Ooa MIlCJlClbC. ncnOTKpeneHO c npiKlllla npllllafa lIa

. 0 IIIIKaKBII >.,taTCP' AOKYMCIITII, Mapa a pnon Aa cc OTCppnll. EllxcnCllT . lJanHII

e ce e.ncil JaraIlOIICII H' HCAOBOll 110 JlCTOpnCKIl nOTOPACH. flOcraoeH so lie <lpO.n.

. onpcn,cnCHII xpOHonOIUKI paMKI!. AKO cc THe H3 HCKOj lIa'lIlH nOCBenO'ICHIl so 0 I

XP"ACKIIOT PCrllOH He MO)KCMC na rll O'ICKYBaMC BO n cnal'ollllja 1\ nonllOTO n . '

...... OBapllapJC a oco6cli0 no CIIiIAOC. 31ta'l1I npocl'opU KOlt IH1KOraw HC 611ne ' • CIIXCnCjCKI1. OcseB nercllAaTa 33 Ka,n:MO U KanMO KaKO OCHOBa'! Ha nIlXI"I" E

R, 3a HxenellTe He c co'lyna Ha HilTy CAHa nllCMCHa Tpara. Hc e jacHo Ha KOlt EI . C ixcnCIl CC OIlHCCYBa 110naTOK01' Kaj 1'ap60H. ,n:anH lIa OXplinCKIITe EllxenCIl IIJl11 ua EHxcnCIlTC nOl...\l1pall1l 130 3aAIHIllaTa Ha CKan,apCKOTO E3CpO.

AKO CC caKa Aa cc nOllc1'oBc1'aT EHxencliTC co MaKe/lOIllIIlTe. na 1111M

Aa 11M CC npllllllwc Tpc6cHltU1Ka1'a IleKponona Mllcna~llTcva II TO' 06 , ' , R ,,' j lin HeMa

CPCKHO PCUlCIIIIC. Bo I3PCMCTO lIa KIIC>KCBCKIl1'C rp060BlI. T.e. nocneIlllliTC

ACIIC II1111 IHI VI BCK, M3KCnOlll...\IITC ce ymTc HC ril Ocsolfnc npoCTOpltTC lIa

OXplinCKO-CTPYWKIIOT pcrlloll. n cnarOllllja II nonHoTO nOoap11apje. Toa C

BPCMC lIa onanCCIbCTO lIa AMIIHTa 'litH OCBojysal-ha CC CTOllltpaHII co

IlCPCIICKOTO HanpCJlYB3lbC BO EBpona. a KaKO W1'O C no'maTO. OKonHnTC

COCCAIIII nllCMlHba cc BnancaHll 0,1\ JlOKanHII KpaJlCBI1.

,UOJI)KIIII CMe,Ua ja cnOMHCMC 1'yKa nercllAapnaTa BpcKa Ha MaKciloH

KaKO CI1II lIa 03111HlC II 6pal' lIa Ally6l1c. Kora 0311p1IC. CIIOPC.n npCnaHileTo.

l'prHaJi Atl ro oCBojYBa CRCTOT. MaKCJlOtI ja Jlo611J1 3e~ ljaTa Koja CllopeJl Hero

KC IIOCII IIMC MaKcAolillja,262 IlaccJlYBal-bCTO Ha ErllfiKalll1 lIa "POCTOP01' lIa

no,nOLtIlC)KHa MaKcAoHllja C MOMellT co KOj MOiKe II Tpe6a aa cc C~le1'a, 110

OBOj nOAaTOK HC e nOSOllCIi 1a .na nOCJlY>Kll KaKO apryMell1' 3a MaKe.noHcKa

npnnaAHOCT ua KHC)KCBCKIITC norpc6YBalba. BnpO'ICM, aKO norpt:6H1ITC 'taCKI1

CC npaK1'lIKysaHIl on CTpaHa na MaKc.noHcKIlTC BJianCTCJlII. TIIC Toa 611 ro

npanenc II lIo,n:OlJ,lIa, Kora BO UIIOlIIl panc fillnc CKOIlUcHTp"pallll ronCMII

60raTcToa. H. nOnCKa o6naralbcTo ua rOJlllTe .nenOBIi lia f10KOjUIIl\IITC cc

lIpaBIl co I~ CJI lIa cc 3a'IYB3 11118111101' JlIIK II Ha ]lpyrlloT CBeT 11" ce npeTCTaBaT

BO CIlOT cjaj, 80 llllja OCIlOBa nC)K1I IIIlcja1'a 3a ]lI1BIIHI13aUlija 11<1 ne1l1IKaHIlTC.

80 6111'OT Kaj MaKCnOHCKIiTe I1nanCTCJ1Il11 npunajllUlll,llTC lIa BIlCOKIIOTCTaJIC:+:

CC 'IYBCTsyna rnopllcpliKall,lIja MallllqJCCTlipaHa npcKy CTaoalbC lIa 1na1'1111

norpe6UH BCUI"I1.

'I N. Proc"a. EnchcICcns-Da.,s'lft!1cs. l ll)ncn~. Sources Imcram's. cplgraphlqu~~ CI an:hcologlqu.::..; •.. . . . II A . d IIeCOLLOQUE Inlernallonal d.::

L lIIync meridIOnale CI I'EPlfC dans I Anllqullc - . elCS U . . H d M cdOnla Volum~ I 9~ ae.ll1 ;Ie"" lIiI (!ermont. Ferrand. Pans 1990. 191 Ii II. II allllllon.' ae . . .., , ...

1"1, ,OBlle nBC MOKIIil KpanCIW ,,>,,"11'1 E1tXCllCIiTC I!M ce npIlIlPY)l{IIJ1C rICPCC3ntITe . I II. .. ..

O . C"clUlia "OJlCTpyK1\lljiI J3 110npe!!) 8.\ rll "plllll1111yaa Tpe6cHlIUU:UTC rpoGoBI!. 1133 Hey· . ell C CC 1130r3 K<lj O.~PIlI\, IUTO lIeTO co COeCllCTIiOTO lIa ,lJ,aMaCl'lIoll. "OJ "0 IIcrOBO ~tlleJ1 , TaKa lie c "pll~)aTJllmo.

'1 DioJ Sit:.. I, 18, 20. 3

87

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nojaBaTJ ua n'lcna na JnanlaT<1 norpe611a MaCKa on rp060T I BO Tpc6cHIIIUT<I.

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I Hiyiil... BO AHtlAOJlIIJa. ncreHA<lTa Ja KPIlTCKIIOT 3CBC " KCPKIlTC IIa KPIITCKIiOT

Kpan Mei1~~cu~. csewTclIIl'IKIITC Mclissai. Ha cppllrllcKaTa KlI6cna, ce

cneMeHTII KOII MO:+::3T ,[ta 6J1AaT JeMCHII KaKO aprYMclITII 3tl BPCKIITC IItl

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norpc6HIITC MaCKIl KOllona rll Harnacysa MIIKCHCKIITC Bnlljal-tllja 80

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lIeKpononaTa.~h'

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PC311MlipaMc apryMcHTIITC 33 onpaSAJ HOCTa lIa TC3aT<l 3(\ najollCK<1TJ

npnna,llIlOCT lIa KHC:.tl:CSCKIlTC apxajcKIl norpc6ysmba.

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pa60TllnllllLtIi. OOIlC nojanl! He MO)KaT A3 CC ccpaTaT KaKO MOMCllTlla MOllll

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.IlJJa60KO BKOPCIICT OAIIOC KOI[ nO'IIIHaTIiTe npCALt Il . KOB KOII C COPTCII

IIHTepeCOT Ha >KIIBIITC.

ClI're KllelKCBCKII n orpe6YBMba ce SKnonYBaaT BO C1'pOril XpOl-lOnOlUKl1

paMK" OLI 540·500 rOA. n.II.C., UITO npcTcT3sYBa MHory KyC n cp"o.ll 3<1 'IIIC

BpeMC HaCTaHan III1TellJIISCU n01\eM, 3a W1'O nOCToene IICTOUeTlIII ycnoBII 80

CIiTe Tpn pcrllOll1l - XanKIIJlIIK, J1,onHO nOBap,[tapjc. n enarol1l1ja II

OxplI~CKnOT pcrnon. Ha IICTIIOT n cp"OA My cc npuflllwysa MOIICTOKOBalbCTO

Ha flaJJIITC II J1,cpOlIIlTe. WTO 311a'llI ACKa IIaj llllTCIIJ IIBllaTa CKCllnoaTa1l11ja

88

L Konova, 111e Necropolis from Trcbenistc _ Studies and Problcms. THRACIA 11. SerJi;;,I;; 1995,1951111

Jla PY.Il JlIITC 60r:.JTCTua !lara 00 OBa BpC~IC. BaKoB n oAeM BO \lCTO BpCMt! lit! Cl!

oAllrpan lIa OK01lIlIlTC IInllpO:II, TpaKIlCKIl" ' MaKCL\ouCKII npocTopll

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npCI.{1I3HO AaTlipali1f 01\ 520-500 r. Hc 611 MO)KCno L\a CMCTa\IC nCKil Ja IlpCMt!

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Ha KOP"HTCtWTa. cera JlO\IIIHllpa a1'll'IKa1'a KCpaMIII<:a. Cc cpcKanaaT CTaKnellll

apll6a1l0CII on CfllnCTCKO n01'CK1I0. 1IOKa1l1l0 113paGoTynalili TcpaKOTIl Ifa

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IIJlII Ailsa cnlllba, MaJlKY cpe6pcH HaKIiT II no HCKoja 3naTBa POM601l]lHa nnOQKa. nOKpaj Toa WTO cc nocKpoMHII. KapaKTcpoT lIa rp06HIITC nplln03J1 He CC MCllyna, flO 3J1aTHII MaCKIl II 1130611nCTSO Ha 3naTII Il allJ1lIKm~1l11 II nYKCY3CII lIaKIlT nCKC HCMa. Bo osa BpCMC . npOCTopOT e BO pa l~Cl'C lIa MaKCAOlll(IITC, 110 KOIITIIHY"TCTOT Ha norpc6ysaibaTa IIC e npCKIII-IaT. 111'1'0 Hasccl'ysa ]leKa lIaccnClllleTO lie C npOTcpaHO. OTCYCTBOTO IIa 3J1aTIIIIl'e norpe6H1I f,laCKlluancAysa lIa 3aKJlY'IOK ACKa nOKanlillTC nnCMCIICKIl KlleJOSl1 ro 113ry61111c csOjOT CTaTYc II YIlora Koja ja HMaIlC AOToraw.

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90

WHO WAS BURIED IN THE TREBENISTA CEMETERY

FOIIEIVORD

Sincc its discovcry in 1918 until the present day the cemctery nearTrehcnist<l has remained the biggest mystery In the archaeology and the carlic_", history of the Macedonian tcrntories. The excluslvc and. up to that lIme. thc unique gravc find .. attracted thc allentlOIl of thc sClcntific CIrcles. Numerous renowncd scholar .. ha\'c attempted to flild answer ... to a wholc range of problems and question, ammg from this discovery.

In the me~lIltime. se\'cral burials have comc up In ReCica ncar Ohrid. In

Beranci. Babino and Rapes 111 Pelagonia. as \'vell as m Valando\'o and Gc\gchJa In Ihe Vardar Val Icy. In the tCrrltory of north Greece. in ~Iikra Karaburun.1n Thcv;alolllkc (the Church of Agios Paraskevis) :..c\,eral burials from the same lime howc becn discovered yielding finds corresponding to the Trcbenista onc~. Ne\crthelcs ... ~ nonc of these discoveries has posed the question of who was buried IIllhese ccmctcncs. Ill. other words, which was thc population that practiced the old Egyptian cu ... tOIl1 01 covering the faces of thc deceased with gold masks. Thc diseo\cry of thc ccmeter) . b d I ·11 ( 'cd cata[oguc which twve III Sindos and the publl."hlllg of the a Ull ant y I us ra , '.

. . - .~ d pcrspectJ\'es forrcsol\'lIlo somc shown close rclatlon~ with r rcbcl1lsta,opcne new . _ I!> I . bl· h . ce II is beCOll11llg clear Ihal t l~ questions that have so far been dlsput<l e III I cSClcn . ,. . ",,'d tal and thc Illlk thai conncct~ phenomena comlllOlito all the dlsco\'cnes IS not ,ICC I en,

them is abollt to be elucidated.

SHORT HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY

THE OENFSTA . "" 'r' , , h frst IJra\'c.~. se,-ell III nUllll]l;f. \ C C

. [n 19 [8. during the Fir .. , Wortd W~r'.1 ~'l ~ouo Ie of ycars rater. III the penod discovered <ltthc locality known as 511\ a Cesm, . p ,- Thc\ "ieldcd gold f found al the same slle. • . rOm [930 to [933, five more graves w~~c '<1 Id ppliquc .... brOlW: hctmch.

masks, breastplates. "g[ovcs", "sandals and other eO a

91

bronle and sliver ware. gold and stiver ycwellery. imported COrlnthlan potlery ;\nd other artifact .... Thl ... extraordlllary dlsco\ery fostered Ihe scholars to take up ne\\" eXCa\atIOIl .... <lIthe ,amc sHe III 1953 and 195 .... when rather po~or graves werc found. In 1972 excavation" were carried alit at the loeali.lles Tri Celjusti and VrtuIJl..a. Twenty SIX graves \\.:ere discovered on 1bal occasion. also of poor COnten\. The seUlemenlthJI u ... ed this cemetcl)" was presumably located ncar the vlIlagc of Gorenci.

DELAGOZDA

A lumulu... formed of .,tone Circle. measuring II meter., in diameter, wa., discovered III 1985 III the necropolis of wide chronological span ncar Village Delagozda. not far from Siruga. One of the best preserved grnves with ... keletal burial included a bronze helmet. bronze olpe. clay skyphos. etc. It is dated to 510-500 Be.

KECICA In 1954 a grave with interesting finds was discovered accidentally ncar village

R ecica, inc luding bronle helmet. rhomboid silver plaque and omega pin. IllS dated to the 5th century Be.

ReCica I ... located In a moun tainous area far frol11 the road that connected Ihe Lichnidos region wit h I le raclea, wh ich leads to an assumption that Isolated bunall'" III que ... uon.

PETILEP-IJERA NCI

A burialm a grave of Clst type was discovered at the site of Petdep-Beranci about ten kilometers to the north of Bito la in 1954 yielding bronze krather. bronze amphora and other grave goods. Burnt bones of a female deceased were gathered III the krather as well as a gold mask (con:-.iderably damaged). gold pendant\ of necklace silver car-rings. pins, fibulae, etc. The grave could precisely be dated to 520-5101 500 Be.

The settlement to which the cemetery of Petilep-Beranci belonged has not been identified with certainty. Remains of several settlements are located at about the same distancc.

VALANDOVO-GEVGEU}II REGION

In thc actual town of Valandovo, more precisely, in the area of Zclc n istc. a cemetery has been discovercd. the span of which ranges from the close of the 7th to the early decades of the 5th century BC

Several burials in grave~ of cist type have been dlscovercd at the site of Bisov Rid near the village of Smokvica. The finds correspond to the ones from Trebenisla, although they arc of poor quality.

92

INDO

The mtcrest aroused by the Smdos cemetery now d. '. ' d 'h- a ays I ... certamly nOl Ie ......

'han the atlenl10n atlractc WI! III the scholars by the disco' , f h " • \ery Ole Trebcml,ta

cemetery althe tllnc. A number of 121 graves have been d'· d ' h I"COVere . among \\-hlch

the ones of cY"t type arc t e mo"t nUlllerou\. There are all,o cI· ''" h ' . ' ay sarcop agl plain burial<;, in a pll. wherea ... several bunab are In a wooden coffi Th ' '

_ '. . In. e grave" Yielded Corlilthian and Atllc c1,lY va"es, terra-COttas "llvcr and gold jC' II '. \e cry. o,\capon .... helmets. gold masks and a lot of dl\.:ersc appliques. The chronological ... p;m of the burials ranges w~tll1n 560150~4501"'0. In other words, Ihe cemetery mU"'1 have been used in the archaiC penod untilihe beginning of the ClaSSical Period. The settlement With which Ihe Silldos cemetery can be associated is iocaled at the ~ocallcd Toumba of Nea Anchialos, showing a wide chronological span.

C/IALCIIJICE - I

The archaeo logical finds of the type discovered inlhe Smdos cemctery and in Trcbenisla arc also known from the Stathatos collection. They have been compiled within a long period of time as chance finds discovered in the area of ChillCH.lice_ The absence of data concerning the circumstances and sites of discovery docs not diminish thei r value to a considerable extent.

MIKRA KA RA IJURUN During the World War I, se\'eral graves of CISt type were discovered 111 the

area southeast of Thessalonica with grave finds thai correspond to the artifacts from Sindo\ and Trebenista according to the type. style and thc dat1l1g.

/lAGIOS PARIISKEVIS The archaic cemetery near Hagios Paraskevis, of which severallillact gra.~(' ...

have been published, has revealed the sa~e contel1l as the Sll1do~ ~nd Trebent~t,~ ones. In add ition to the Connthian and Atllc pottery. attention 1\ attracted by bronle helmets of the Iype found in Trebenista and Sindos, as well a~ nUl11crou~ other

~~n~, , I Th is short su rvey of archaic cemeteries and their content show ... ~,IC.I;

.. .'. . ". . , 1\' 'thesubt1cphennom,UHll1lSPIlItU,1 aSlolllslllngs1IllI Ianty. l hlsclrcumslancc,as we as . d "h one 'llld the ... alllc , ' I, ,I Y should be associate WI '

life. lead to a conc!ll:-'Ion tla lC , I ' rd"pifllUal ltfc ;lnd d ' 'I vay the re allon towa .. population that manifeste III SlIllI ar \

existence.

ETHNIC ATTRIIJUTION OF TflE REGIONS , ,,' I'" '.' re ions 111 which the archaiC pnnce),

If we knew the tnbcs that scttled the gh' 'hn"c anribution would not be , d I blem of t elr e h' t lombs have been dlscoverc ,lIe pro I 'hole range of population" t a

I I .' among tIC \\ particularly complicated. Nev"ert IC css.

93

sCllled certain arC'lS III IIlsufficiently defined times, m circumstances of frequent migrations and IIlflucnce of different cultures, it I!' not easy 10 fmd answers 10 thiS kind of questions. The data preserved In the works of the ancient \\'nler~ and hislOrlan" are mamly partial and the) are often scarcely defincd. both In regard to the tcrritones. and III regard to chronology. In these circumstances. the problem should be approached to from more than one aspect. which will be done further in the study.

LOlVER VA RDA R VA LLE Y AND NORTH CHA LCIDICE

In hIS extensIve work "A History of Macedonia" Hammond callle to a conclusIOn that the Paconians had Ihe leading power In the wider regIon of the LowerVardar Valley after 550 Be. The H1I3Ck of Paeonian ... 10 Perinthus and also [0

Abdcra is asc ribed to Ihls period. The traditions preserved III St rabo that there \Va ... a tillle when Pacon in extended from Pclagonia to Pier ia and in Polybius that Emathla was Paeonian. shou ld. to all probability, also re fer to this period. We know that Paeonians lived by the Lake of Prasias, at Mt. Pangaeulll and Ilcar Sin'is. These Pacomans wou ld later be resettled to Asia Minor by Megabazlis. It is also I-..nowll thai Xerxe.\ passed through Paeonia and Crestonia on hb march to Thcnna.

If these data arc sufficient to show that Paeonian\ held control the Lower Vardar Valley and the lands east ofAxlos up to the confluence of Strymon in the ... econd half of the 6th century Be. than the arca around the conOuence of Galllkm, must have belonged to Paeonians, including the Sindos cemetery.

OfililD REGION

The populations that settled the Ohrid region Implicate cel1ain kmd of mystery. On the ground of data preserved 111 anc ient sources, sc ience take 11110 cOl1side!'ilIIOn Encheleae and Dcssaretae.lhc former as ancient insufficiently chronologically defined people, the later as inhabi t ant~ of the region in the Roman Times.

Encheleae and Lychnidus are assoc iated with the legend of Cadmus. Lychnidu\ is also confirmed to have been established by Phoenician Cadmus. PolybiLLs inforllis that Ph ilip V took over Enchclane, in addition to other ci ties in the Ohrid region. when he fought aga1l1st lllyrians in 217. Pseudo-Scymnos mentions that there was a lake called Lychni tis in the land of Encheleae.

These dala show expl icitly that Enchcleae lived by the Llkc Ohrid. The later sources mention Enchelel.lc that settled the area around Buthoc and RhilOn. north of the Scodra Lake. A problem is whether we should count on their migration frollllhc Ohrid region 10 the Adriatic or identify them with Eel-people that were brought to the fore by cerlam importan t event!. at some points in the history. in any t.:a<.,e. there is apparent absence of material traits about Ihe time before the 7th centllry BC III

Ohrid. We infer that Enchcleae, who had lived in this area from the Bron/e Age, lost their power at that time or migrated to the Adriatic in the turbulent tllnes resllltlllg

94

I·rom Ihe migration of Bryges to ASia Mmor. ln Iheeou [h 7 . rseo I e thand6th Be Paeonians took over predominance of the Ohrid region. centurie~ The area of village Reelca, where SClrtlana is loea d bel . .

whO arc referred to as Paeonian tribe by Stephanus Byzantt~n~s. ong!>'!o SClrliam'"

PELAGONIA

It has been recorded 111 the ancient Sources that the terri [P I . I ones 0 e ;lgonlJ Oerriopus and Lyncus bordered somewhere 10 modem Pelagon·,a PI' . - e :Igones sell led the Moriovo regIOn. lIlcludlllg the area of Prilep. The we!-)t pan o[ Ih' I' I d . . _ . ep alOlIIC U 109

Ille upper and middle course of the Engon river belonocd to Derr,·opc· . II· 1-_ 0 \.,IS\\e ,1\!IC

towns of Bn:ll11on. Alcomena ~nd Styberra. It seems that Derriopcs occuplcd thc territories southward of BlIola III the archaic period. At some poln! 111 the second half of the 5th century BC Lyncestae expanded towards nOrlh and Hcraclc;\ could consequently. be considered the northernmost point of Lynclis. In the Cl;\~\lcal Pcriexi Ille Erigon marsh formed the border among Lyncus. Dernopus and PcI;\gonia

Concerning the ethnic aspect of Paeonians and Derriopcs, eVitiencc C;111 be found in the sources. According to Livius, Derriopus is designated as P;leoman land Pelagones arc also lIleluded within Paeonians. wherea ... Asteropaeus. the son of Pelegon and the River God Axio~, originates from the rich Paeonia. All the')c would. ')ome time later, become constituent parts of the Paeoman state_

BURIALS

An Important component of the ethnic distinction of cerlam population I' the bUrial pract ice. I f thiS IS so. we should expect the same burial practICe 111 the necropolises In Trebeni {ta, Slndos and Beranci, at lea!.t In Ihe ones where gold de'llh masks have been discovered. According to the archaeological matenal. Ihe "tlllC

should refer to the cOlllciding archaic necropolises included 111 our ,Iudy. - .. . [_ l"Iely 100 ~canly 10 ,lliow The data In the SCientifiC lLterature are, un Out11" , . , . f I· I' T ebcni{,"grave~prc~enlakll\d more comprehenSive conSideration 0 tlL~ ques Ion. r _ ..

. ... '11 II [opposed Ollinlons. partl(;ularl) of problem. The practice of bunalls stl a Illa ero . . ' . . f carbolll7ed wood taund 111 concerning the first five graves. The great quanl1tles 0 .

, ' h tion IS III que~tlon. which I~ the excavations ponlt to an assumption t at crema .

, . I t been preserved ;II aiL or. 111 espeCially due to the fact that the skeletons lave no .. I· . d thus leavlIlg an Imrre\~IOn 0 Some cases, merely fragmcllts 01 them have rel1la1l1e , [ Vul,'c"s Gr3\'e X

- I' t data come rom . . IIlclnerated deceased. Somewhat more cxp ICI _ d 20?' vears of age. The

. . [. an thai die at --.,) . ~ which IS said to have Yielded bones 0 a worn b I ·s· nOl known whelher

d lIered near )'. t I .. bones were gathered III a bronze plate an sca iled lilts 10 ~uch a po\\ibll Ll )

they werc burnt, though the fact of theIr being p . lpob I there are no! mdLl.:ation~ B ' I 'd· Ie a fOmler buna. u VII ones plied In a heap could a so III Ica , _ . Graves VI and IS hkorp!l'S drJ"lngs. . of the secondary one, Accordmg to Kar c I ·d d 'eletons of deceJ~ed In h - -onallv Inc u e \r.. t at have been dl ... covered b) hml pers }

95

~lddl[IOn, certain parIS of (he ,~elelol1s from Graves I-V arc marked \'>'jlh Ihicke line ..... whIch lIldlcatcs that he found them In Situ. r

II I'> inlCre\lmg to nole [hal all [he burials arc III plain pits of larger dllllens· ~ . ,1011\

c.1.10" 1.00-1.30 m. The grave goods are arranged III a way that [he big vessel, ;lr~ laid by the leg .. ilnd the go ld and silver art.lfacts by the head. The grave oriClHation \V;IS not strictly adhered to. These conclus ions have been adduced from the VlJlic\ excavations. Gra\e ... of these dimen..,ions indicate Ihat sl..eleta l bunals arc III qUC\[IO n.

On the other hand. large quantities of carbonized wood led scholar.., to an assumption that the deceased from Trebenista were buried in wooden corfin .... SOIllC scholars even suggc ... lcd thm the gold masks might have been nailed upon them_ Numerous grave goods. (some of them rather large; krathers. hydrias. tripod) point to substantial dimenSions of the coffins. which would correspond to the S11C of grave p1ls. After the discovery of wooden coffins in the Sindos cClllclCry. we could conclude wnh considerable certa inty that they might have also appeared in Trcbl.!niSta.

It is known that substantial quantities of stones have been dug out from the Trebenista graves during the t.!xcavations. This detail points to an as ... umptlon that they were used for forming barrows. by analogy with Graves 32 and 33 discovered by V. Lahtov. According 10 description of N. Vulic a layer of densely arranged ... tones, about one meter high. was laid upon grave X. Related masses of Mones have been mentioned by Lahtov concerning the trenches dug in the excavations at Suva Ccsma It IS not eas) to identify the form of thesc large heap ... of stoncs, We should nOi exclude the posslbilllY that they formed a dome Lahtov has recorded a group of graves enCircled wJlh a stone wall reminiscenlto large tumull1s. Although the eXistence oftunlul1 upon the pnncely graves can not be confirmed, this possibihty should not be rejected. This IS supported by the existence of a tumulus in the neighbouring Delago'da, which would be considercd further in thc study.

As 11 IS already known. the rich "princely" graves have been di ... covcred 111 two groups arranged In rows, Some ten meters distance between the graves aJlow~ space for enclosure of each grave with stone circle thus forming a tuml1il1s for one deceased. which could be expecled with graves of local ruling class.

All thc afore~.;aid points out thai the deceased from the "princely" graves from Trcbcnista were inhumed, which is also confirmed by thc factthatlhe olher~, so called "primitive" graves discovered in the locality of Suva Cesma have shO\~n skelelal burials. The graves were formed of hcaps of Slones mainly In ov.ll ... harc· Somewhat relatcd are the burials at Tri Celjusti and Vrluljka. which have sI10\\11 chronological span frolllthe 7th to the 51h century Be, thus pointing to a conl111111t) of Ihe burial rituals and practice. To our knowledge, no cremation has been dl ... coveretl III the Ohrid Region. This fact should be taken inlo consideration,

A burial from Ihe time of the "princely" graves has been discovered 10 the cemetery Svell Ihja near Oelagozda. not far from Trebenista. It is a tumulus encircled with stones. Several separate graves have been found within il. One of the gra\c~ was slightly preserved. Another grave was better preserved. It is Grave 84. "how1Ilg

96

[I male 1Ilbu11lcd dccea"ed. Trebe Jli~1a ones.

It IS dated to 510 SOO BC Ih . - '. u" comeldlllg \\ llh the

Jr we adhere to tbe burial practice in identif)mg th h .. T b 'w, • _ . e et me al1111al1on 01

deceased. the rc CIllSl.l deceased should be attributed to one I. w popu ,Ilion. and the

ones from Dclagozda buned In tumulus to another Nevertheless II . . . .. 11 ... assumption 1\ reJ·ccted by the f:Lclthat both the cemeteric\ belong to one gcog"ph h . . . . lC region \\11 no nalUral boundaT1~s. which 1OdlCatc ... that all of 11 \\U!;. rulcd by one and Ihe ~aml.' pOpulation mlhe time \\-hen bllnals occurred. Explanation of these phenomena \hould be traced 111 preservcd old IradlllOn by some mdividuals and adoplion of nc\\ innuenc~s by olhers, Ilowcver, the two neeropoli5e~ are associated b, the me of LllhumatlOn.

The only burial we know from the cemetery m Petllcp-BenL11Cl 1~ With cremation. Remains of a burnt decea~ed wcre gathered 111 a bronze kr;lIhcr together wilh jewellery and the gold mask. Other grave goods were laid ncar the kralhcr. ThIS burial from the Beranci necropolis should nOI be isolated. If there arc \ome 1I10re "princely" graves, we do nOI know their practice of burial. though Ihe same nlu;11 should be expected, The necropolis at Crhisle-Beranci, in which COlll11lUllY 01 bUr1<lh from Ihe 6th 10 the mid-3rd century Be have been confirmed. has provided interest1l1g data on c011lcidlng practice of cremation and inhumation. Grave 33. which I~ d;lIed 10 Ihe end of the 6th century. is skeletal. whereas Grave 44 from the ... amc time h,l\ shown cremation.

The Slndos cemetery has not been published \\1Ih all the reql11Tcd documentation that should present information on the Interrelation of graves. parlicularly of the ones Ihat could be considered ·'pnncely". The content of Ihc Olhl.'r graves Ihat arc not 1Ilcluded In the catalogue. among which there mu ... ' be \Oll\!'"

pnmitive one ..... IS not known to us. Thc bnef report from the e1(ea\ation ... ~ho\\ .. th;11 all burials were wilh inhumation, The only difference IS In the J...11ld:-. of gravc .... Covered cists of stone slabs arc Ihe most frequent. There are several burial ... in cia) ... ;lfCOphagl­larnaxcs decoraled with rellefs on both sides. A number of buriah arc 111 wooden coffin ... , whereas there arc some In plain grave pi Is. The deeea:sed fr~m MI.~ra Karaburull are buricd in stone cists. The case is the same with Ihe slles of Zc1ell1stc

. GI G ··s·te and Mdc! nC'lr GevgcllJa in Valandovo. Bisov Javor ncar Smokvlca. os- rCI ' ... where the 61h and 5th century graves show continuity from the atc Iron Age, m:LLllly In cist as prcvniling kind of grave structurcs.

These discoverics show thaI 11lllUmalion in graves of cist type \V,IS comr,1l0BnclY

61 d thebeginningofthe5thcenlUlY adopted burial pracl1cc at the end of the t 1 an .. I h · pcar~d wilh M}cenacan lmpaci. n

Resl1ll1ng from influences from south, t c Clst ap t,; I . tant 10 note ,. ve struclure liS lmpor •

the developed Iron Age, It wa .. predom11lal1ng gra - h·h t·",e St.Htl11g . r· . (0 vards nort all e same 1 . , thai there was an Impact of thl\ type 0 gra\cs \ , - I d to caS! Macedonia

h .. I· M . and Dedel1 It rcac Ie • Wll the cemetenes III Gcvge lP, I an 11lCI 'h Delagoz· da huri·ll, Be Amono t e • • ' and the SkoPJ-e region as early as the 7th eC11tury, :>, .tructu"> althouoh .- IBonzeAge<lra,e\ .... ' e-there is a IUtnulus ... howing features of tradition a r _ II 0 I similar to Ihe om: 111 . . I b als under sma tllmu 1. 11 IS With skeletal burial. Ana ogous un Db·· rSopot northofVele\. D d h ropohs a lei nea . elagozda, have been discovere at t e nec -

97

though the gra\e" arc slightly earlier and hu\c yielded diffcrent Content of grave

good ..

The best e\idence on pnrn~tlve burialsJrorn thc same pcriod has been pre-sen'cd III the necropoliscs Suva Ce.sma. Tri Ccljusti and Vrtuljka. They arc all plam burials in grave .... formed of scanerd stones. barrow typc. SEt W oriented, The coincidmg nccropole .... from Pelagonia. as v.'ell as the ones thm belong to the early ClaSSical Period. do not differ much In regard to their external features. apart from the occa;.>ional appearancc of massive grave structures.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL

MATERIAL

The discovery of the T rehen ista cemetery aroused great mterest Within the scientific Circles. Particular attention has been paid to research of the bronle Wilre­krathers, hydri<ls, oinochoi. including silver cups and rhytons. Attempts have bcen made for interpretation of certain Objects the intentions of which are rather uncertain. The approach to solving the problem concerning the gold Illasks appears to be particularly Important.

Without pretence of making delailed analysis. we would adherc to consldenng. from our point of VICW. the groups of artifacts that have been produced in local work-shops and the distribution of which is confined Illainly to thc Paeonian area. as will be shown. SOl11e scholars have alrcady discussed in favour of the local on gill of particular artif<lcls. My research also follows the same dIrection. laking into considcration the possibility that these exactly are the finds that could elucidate the questIons related to the roots, malllfestalion and spiritual life orthe local population emerging from theIr essential <I!tHude towards life and the stage of cultural and economic development.

WARRIOR EQUIPMENT

IIELMETS

Among the finds from thc area we are interested in, a prominent place belongs to the helmets. EIght spccimens come from Trebenista. In the sites of Recica. Delagozda, Bukri and Babino one specimen has been found III each. The Sindo.~ cemetery has yielded five pieces. The Stathalos collection Illcludes one helmet. as well as the Cancllopoulos collectIOn, the specimen of which is espeCIally important. due to the lIlscnption rcadlllg "I belong to Paion" Helmets have also been dIscovered III Mikra Karaburun and lIagios Paraskevis in Thcssalonica, in Zejtllllik, Kapugilar and Tnlophon-Mcssmleri. We also know of a specimen from Tctovo. The pieces found III AlbanIa are rather outstanding. Only IWO specimens of all the aforc-

98

mentioncd helmets bclong to the COrinthian [Y Th Greck- Illyrian type. although they would actuali'bc ~ others arc. of the so called

I· h d d b Y c,llled Paeonian' . d the area 0 t elr ensest Istn utlon and the on ' (F' . dccor mg to gin Igs.I-12).

Helmcts playcd an Important rolc Inlhe Ii" f P . , IC 0 aeoman., wh h'

by pr01mnent depiction of helmet on the coins f L ' '. IC ISconllnncd a aeael and D~rro 'd °

nllers Eucrgetes. Ooklmos and Baslares (Figs. 13-161. Accor ,t:: ncs, an their several scholars Ihal rcscarched Ihe typolog) of h I dlllg to Ihe dating 01 . . e mels. great de'll of Ih h been ascnbed to Ihe span from thc second quaner a d h " em <\\c

· n I c mid-6th cemUf)' to Ih begllllllllg of the 5th cemury Be. The precise dating of [h S d,' " e 520 docs not necessenly have to refer to the helme,s he hill oShbunals from 5.tO-

.• 'h IC mig t h'we bee I a couple of decadcs earlier. • n mac e

IVEAI'ONS

Only traces of weapons have been preserved in Trebcn,·s',·, b '1 \ ". ' un,1 s.} ccorcling 10 drawmgs o! Karl Schkorpd they have been confirmed In 'II ,I I . " lC ma c gra\'c~. Spear-heads arc ~ligh~ly better preserved,.whereas swords ha\'e been found only 111

fragmenls. Certain P,\E ts of them. such as hilts from graves VI and VII enable Inilhl!l" approximatc reconstrucuon of the ~wofds corresponding 10 the one~ disco\efed,~ Sindm,.

The Sindos swords are dated to the span from c.540 to thc beglllnlllg of the 51h century Be. Pairs of \pears have most frequently been found in all the graves

Thc swords and .\pears from archaic burials do nOI differ much from Ihe one .. discovered In the Iron Age graves. particularl~ not from the pieces disco\'ered III the Vardar Valley nccropolises. On the contrary. they secm to represent cOn!lIlu,11 produclion of local \Vorb,hops (Figs. 17-19).

JEWELLERY

Among the grave goods. a prominent place is occupied by the Jewellery. which abounds With diversity of ideas and compositions of clelllcnt~ that bring about art istic pe rfect ion. Fil igree and granulation are predominating lechniqul'~ In

production of gold yewellery.

EA R,RINGS

S . . II'k ° h beendo,sco\'cred III Pelalfonian cveral v'H"lcllcsoffunnc - I'cear-rlngs ave· eo necropoli\es, in Trcbcnista and. less frequently, in SlIldos (FIg.~. 20-23). Exciu'>I\1'

· f flil' lace IIkc band endlllg \\lIh Spccllnens from Sindos arc Ihe ones 111 a orm 0 I Igree - , big rosette (Fig. 26). In the absence of corresponding analogie ... a parallel Ciln ~I' d h II t of SI31halos :lI1d rel.lIt::l

faWn belwcen the nUlllcrous band frolll t e co ec Ion . · . f h' hi" still fcmalllcd uncleaf. specimens form Trbcnista. the mtentlOll 0 \V Ie l,,~·

IJRACELETS The only Iype of bracelets from the archaic nccropoli\cs 111 the Paeonian

temtones arc the ones. cndlllg with snake heads. Unlike the car-rings. the bracclt::h appeared sOl11e 11111e later. dallllg from c.51 0-460 (Fig ..... 27-29),

NECK/~ICES

The mo .... t allractlve group among the jewellery are. by the shlmng of the gold and the perfection 111 the technique of execution. the necklaces. In addition to the excluslvel) beautiful and presumably the unique specimen... discovered at Sindos. particularly Important for liS are the pendants ill a fonn of miniature amphora. trapezoidal plaques. as well as the pyramidal pendants. (FIgs. 30-36) They arc all parts of necklaces. They are decorated with various patterns III filigree technique and additional granulallon. By their apparent simi larity. the specimens discovered at Sindos, Trebeni{ta. Beranci and some unknown Chalcidian slles show explicHl, their bemQ executed 111 local workshops and presumably by the same maste rs. They have been .... discove red III burials dated to c. 510-500 Be.

Amber necklaces made either of treated pieces, or of amorphous ones. appeared In all the necropolises (Chaicidice. Sindo.s. Trcbenista. Beranci and Smokvica (Fig 38).

FIIJUL4E

The Asia Minor type of fibulae is the only type of fibulae appearing 1Il the Paeonian areas. They appeared mlhe necropolises in Paeonia mtlle last two decades of the 6th century and would remalil in use until c.440 Be. The closest 10 the origlllal form are Ihe golden fibu lae from grave 67 from Sindos (Fig. 40). the prototypes of v.'hich are cons idered 10 be the ones from Lindos. Gordion and Ephesus. Nevertheless. the Asia Minor fibulae have reached thei r peak in the PaeollJan areas and are considerably widespread (Figs. 41-44). In the Balkan territories the A"iia MLllor fibulae have acquired some local characleristic. The ring-shaped ornament on the bow have developed in a stylized poppy-head, an element essential for the Paeoni an are~s. Th.t.: later specimens distributed inside the Paeonian territory (Skopje), in Bosnia (Strpcl) and Vojvodina (Curug) show some baroque features.

PINS

Poppy-head ornaments that follow the style of the Asia Minor fibulae appear as a rule on the pins, distrlbuled in a row under the roseue-head. All the specimens from our necropolises are of excellen t execut ion. (Fig. 45-47) The gold-.<:> Ll \er pair of pinS from Sllldos discovered in grave 20 belong to the same type, with the onl) difference thatlhe head IS executed 111 filigree in a form of conical rosette. Identical <;,pccimen has been discovered III grave IX in Trcbenista . (Fig. 50-51)

The ongm of thiS type of pins is a.."isociated with Peloponnesc. though It I~ extremely Widespread 111 the Paeonian areas.

100

Another type of pins, not very Irequent . I b · . conslslS of two . ,

oi led snake. They lave cen discovered In Ch'l d' n\-C[s III a form ot r a CI Ice and Trcbe" .

Pins of omega type worked OUI of sll\'er a d mSla. (Fig. 55-56) I n, more frequent! ' b

been dlstnbuted ,throug lout the Paeoman terrltones. (Fi .57 U " ), ronle have ,),,y of pin .... which shows rather short span of prod g ) nhkc the PelOponncsc

r- . uetlon (the end of th 6 h be2inlllng of the 5th century Be). thc manufacture of orne " . C I and the th; Sih century Be. ga plnscOntmucdthroughoUl

CULT ARTIFACTS

The artifacts with cult connotations are of cruciallmpo- I' h . I' " "ance or t e problem

we are concerned \'.:\11. taking mto consideration that they rCnCCI th bel r . d I'r f hi' dele s an spi rit.ual leo .t e popu alion an th~ answer to the question of the ethnic :I.>:.PCCI of

cerU.lln culture IS actually concealed m them.

GOLl) DEATH MASKS

One of the most distinctive phenomena In the archaic cemetenes IS cenalnl) the presence of the funerary masks discovered in a considerable number. FIve ma,k~ have been discovered In the TrebeniSta cemetery (Figs. 58-61) and one at Bcr.mci (Fig. 62). The five specimens from the Sindos cemetery have been discovered in Graves 20. liS. 56 and 62 (Figs. 63-67). The collection of Stathato~ 11lcludes one piece (Fig. 68). All the masks arc executed of thin gold foil. The countenance of the deceased IS shaped partl) by Impression and partly by schematic depiction of dC"ILI~. The masks on Figs. 64 and 65 could be considered the most successful spccllllem. where rather elaborate countenances of an old woman and a young man h'l\'C been achieved by pressing.

It is widely known that the idea of preserving the ponralt features of the deceased originates from Egypt. A<;, early as the end of the Old Empire. mask ... \verc made of stucco on canvas with addi tional featuring the countenance of deceased, In the times 10 follow, masks were executed in gold. In the territory of Europe. masb have been di scovered in Mycenae in graves of Circle A and Circle B. c-.;ccutcd L1l

gold and e icctrulll. . .• k sa subiect of research for The problem of the onglll ofTrebemsta mas s wa. . J .

. VI Popovic who dcsignatc~ more than OLle scholar. Among the most recent ones IS. , "I ' '. .' . f C etc as mtennedlary. lie strong) their Egyptian origlLl and POLllts to pOSItion 0 r , . , no thc

. d G k ntinental component. a~socJa I t' rejects the Mycenaean, IIIYflan an rec '-co d" . l'lled to T . . d" an customs m Ihe Ira 1I1Oil rc •

rebenlsta masks with Egyptian-Me Iterrane d' . d on Crctc d . d h asks haye been I~co\ere .

Ivmation of deceased. Altbough no eat m. r 1.1 . a Tri 'lda could h d h arcophaaus rom I<lgl ' I e depiction of mummified decease on t e so·

serve as confi nnal1on of this assumption.

101

GLO I'ES, S,INDALS AND BREASTPLA TES

The ... 0 called gloves and sandals have been disco\'cred III Trebcnista cemetery in additIon to an e'qulslte speC linen of breastplate. The) are followed hy depictIOn of Gorgone. lions 111 heraldic sequence executed in the technique of hammering. 111

decoration of ;til the gold appliques discovered III number III the "fchaic cemeteries in Trebenista. Sindos. cle. (Fig!:!. 70-72)

OTHER APPLIQUES

In the group of breastplates we have included the rhombOId plaques. They are represented 111 considerable number m the Sindos burials. One specImen come~ from ReCica. \\'herea~ nOI a slllgle pIece has been discovered in Trebenista. The central part IS usually decorated with big rosette. surrounded by symmetrical floral ornaments.

The depiction on a gold plaque appears to be rather SIgnificant (Fig. 76). In heraldic sequence. it renders a roselle. lion and lioness. as well as figures of boar. Dying bird. duck and pointed circles with a central dol. All the symbol!-'. are typical fo r the Paeonian territory. part icularly the symbols of the Sun.

TWO-WHEELED CA RT

Milliature bron7e or Iron two· wheeled carts have been found in seyeral buria\<. of the Sindos cemetery (Fig 77~79). Their wheels arc especially Inleresling for u:-. showing three bars, two of which are parallel to each other and do not go through the center of the wheel, and the thIrd is transversal. This strange form of wheels IS

frequently rendered on the coins of Derrones and Laeael bearing deplclion of two~ wheeled carts (Fig. 81).

BRONZE RINGS

Bronze rings, usually in pairs. have been fOllnd in several graves in Trcbcni~ta (Figs. 85·87). They arc 3~4 cm in diameter. Three pellets arc soldered on them. each bearing three additional pellets, The interest of scholars was attracted by the purpo'lc of these artifacts. which seems to have remained unclear till the present day. though they arc interpreted as horse reins by some scholars. It seems to me that aillulc t ~

pendants arc in question. bearing simplified depiction of poppy. Artifacts of this kind have also been found at other sites in Chalcidice. now In the collection of Stathatos. The specImens found III Koeani point oulthat these mystenOlls object:­are confined to the Paeonian territory. The analogies with Scythian and Thracii.ln specImens mdicated by Filow belong to considerably later burials.

102

CULT SYMBOLS

SOLAR 5 1'MBOI.S

AI;, a solar symbol. thc rosette has to a greate\t ext be . d

. ' em en apphed In the d coratlon of gol and sll\'cr rhombOid plaques and olh k· d . e' d G d If' cr In sofapphquc\_

breastplates,ban S,C\C. fcal ea 0 thcJewellery particular1)·th f . f h Th" -' eone romSmdo'i

bears the mark 0 t e sun. e rosette IS embodIed in the com "f . h I h d

' poSitIOn 0 earnngs bracelets and pms wit comca ea s (FIgs. 26.45.49). .

. 0'.1 the aforc~m~ntioned a'ppliq~es fro~ Sindos (Fig. 76), the Sun is presented In a slInphficd form, as a small raised CIrcle with a dot, though ducb, j.e .. wUlerfo\\ Is the symbolism of which IS also associated with the Sun, are depicted as well. .,

It is known that Paeonians worshipped the Sun. Accordmg to MaxlITIu,> from Tyre. they have shown It as a disc attached to a long wooden pole. The cult to the Sun. by which Paconians seem to have differed from the other south Balkan people .. , has also been confmned by archaeological finds.

In the beglllnings of coinage within Paeonian tribe,>. the SUIl ha'l been given a promlllcnt place among depictions 011 the coins. In addlllon 10 Ihe large realistic depiction of the Sun as radiate circle shown on the decadrachms of Derrone ... 1t~

SImplified form is frcquently found on the coins of lower value ... , representmg a circle with central raised dot. identical with the hieroglyph mark of the EgyptIan god Ra. It is depicted as ornament on the gold foil plaques and bands in the Smdos

burials. It would not be surpriSing if the cult to the Sun IS associated wuh Egypt

from the tIme of Echnaton. when. at least for a shon time. the Sun was proclaimed the only god _ Aton. as a source of everything living and vegetating on the eanh. Some other phenomena point to this assumption. The cult to Apollo. as a god of light was transferred from Crete to Asia Mrnor.1t is also known that Lycltl was the center of this cult. Staters have been struck in Lycia. bearing dep,ction of tnskelion. whIch . . . f I S Th t· k I·on has been depicted on the IS Interpreted as symbol rotatIon 0 t le un. e IS e I ,. reverse of the decadrachms of Derrones

BOAR . I . the hfe of PilC011l;]ns. II~

It seems that the boar played nuportant ro C In d h .. , '. .. . 'd (Fio, 76) accompalllc ).

depIctIon IS rendered on the gold plaque from Sm. as :~d Id on the helmet I· .' f b ar IS apphe III go IOn In a heraldic composition. Deplcl1on.o o· .be' foundterra~cOllaln

from Grave VIII in Trcbenista. The sole figure of boar has b,nl·c and connotatIon, . . 1 '. 'sible that Its sym 01 some bunals of the Sl1ldos cemetery. tIS pos . Be In the rernar~'lble

I d · .. I Ie as the 6th centu1) . 1a theIr reneclions conslderabl) later. as a Th OO.,r ,< a stfonO al111llai . . . . f P traus e .., ~ depIctIon of boar on the reverse of the coms 0 a . . e on the craft .u1ifacts

I· t and lIS presenc geographically related to the Balkan c Ima e, and coinage could be IIlterpreted III that sense.

SNAKE

The cult symbol of the snake is app lied to a considerable extent on the product... of art craftsmen. II is most frequcntly scell on bracelets ending III a fOfm of rolled snake (Figs.27-29), The lalcr fibulae of Asia fl.tmor type IIlcludc clemenI'.. of snake. A hair p1ll from Trcbcnista ends Ul two symmetrica ll y SCI snake head ... with rolled tails (Figs. 55.56), reminiscent to :lUfCallS, a royal symbol from the Egyptian 10mbs.

As IS the case with br.lcclcts III which the form snake has correspondingl) been applied. the handles of bronze vessels from Trebcnisla also have the fOfm of snake end ing with a snake head (Fig. 91).

If we search for its origin, we have to turn to Egypt. particularly to Crete and the renowned statues of Snake Goddess. It hal; widely been accepted that the snake has a chtholllan character, as .an "nllllal livlIlg under ground and iii thu ... as<.,ociated with the cult of the dead. Commenting on the Clilt of the snake adorned on Crcte, Sir Leonard Woolley liuggcsted an intl:rpretation of the snake as guardian of the home fireplace, and it should consequently be conceived ali protector of the livlIlg people.

UON

The lion is a frequent depiction on Ihe grave goods from our cemeteries. It is shown as gold appliques on the helmet from Grave VIII in Trebeniste (Fig. 4), on the gold plaques from Sindos (Fig. 76), where he is accompanied by a boar. and on a breastplate from Grave VII in Trebenista (Fig. 72). We also know of a bronze applique discovered in Macedonia, now in Berlin, dated 10 the first half of the 61h

century. The same depiction is rendered on a go ld applique from grave VI in Trebenista.

Although the lion is not distinctive for Paeonian lands (I-Ierodotu ... informs that the Persian army lead by Xerxes was attacked by lions), it has found its place in the decoration of locally produced artifacts.

/JULL The bull takes particularly important place in the lifc of Paeonians. Its

depiction is most frequently seen on the coins. A series of coins, which was attributed by Svoronos to Derrones and their rulers. bears on the obverse depiction of I-neellng bull with the head turned back. As depiction with certain symbolic connot:ltion. thc bull is rcndered on the reverse of a coin of Bast~\res (Fig. 16), this timc in a pose of attack. The reverse of the coins of Dokimos also bears depiction of kneeling bull with the head turned back (Fig. 15). A young bull in a sId I standing position IS depicted on the diobol ofTEYTAO(E) (Fig. 92). The depiction of bull on the earliest issues of the Stobi mint is not accidental at all. (Fig. 93). Although there is a wide chronological gap. the depiction of bull should be conceived as tradition preserved from the archaic period.

According 10 B. Gavela, a kind of coins bearing a depiction of bull head w:t" in usc on Crete. It s presence on the coins is explained with its use as standard of

104

value. The bull on the Paeolllan eOITlIi certainly .•. sec,,!,> ror IIle " ThiS might be the rea ... on why the bull is not "0 f \,lllIC Inlerpretation

, "rcquent depI t from the archaic cemetcnes Ihal are sublects of 0 ' c Ion on the artllat:t~

J. ur research II h be P

lastic decoratl\e element on the neck of the Trcbc • k' a\ en applied a.., • ' Oista 'rathcr n 'S . 9-0. The bull was highly re:..pectcd animal In Cret . o\~ 1Il ofla. (Fig.

. C e. accordlllg to th depictions In the retan art. The question concerning Itsc ' ,e numerou, Apis i ...... till to be elucidated. . onnectlOn wlIh the Egyptian

I'OPP)'

A stylized poppy-head is frequent decorati\-eeleme t· I'd . , , '. ' n app Ie on the Jl'wellery (Flg.93). lthas . .ls<lrule,beeTlrenderedonthcA~laMlIlorch I h Ix> .. .. Jluae.te wo!whlCh ]s decorated with three or five poppy-head!'>. The pin" of Peloponncse type bear calyxes 111 a row below the flat head (Figs. 44.47). poppy

The use of poppy as sedat ive ju!-.tifies its OCcurrence '1111011g til' I .' •. • . . , I; grave gOQe ".

tak.mg I.nto consideration the belle.f that the dcceased are a..~leep only lemporanly. ThiS opinion. sugge:..tcd by Chari Picard. originated from hi~ research ofthc Diadem from Vi:,,::. which ha:.. shown close Imks with the MacedonianJc\\-ellery. Picard came to a conclusion thai the pellets in the ends are actually stylized poppy-heads. lie also finds an analogy in the Goddess from Ga7i near Knossos, who wears a diadem formed of three poppy calyxe!-. (Fig. 9-n.

Apart from the jewellery, the !-.tyhzed poppy calyx IS III a mdimenlary form rendered on handles of the bronze vessels, particularly of the Trcbcnisla one ... (Fig. 95).

The depiction of poppy calyx has been abandoned 11l the Early ClaSSIcal Period, having been transformed into a slar ornament. Nevertheless, 11 has been found from Illllch earlier date, as early as the 7th ccntury Be as a cull object executed 111

bronze forming a poppy-head with a lid thaI end With bird proloms.

, , ,

h I 'al material show., that a ThiS short survey and commcnt on the arc aeo oglc

I . . h A h ' Period which de\'cloped cu ture was formed in the Paeomanterntory lilt e rc mc. , d d I E t Mediterranean The Idea"

till er thc st rong influcnce of thc Near East an I Ie as . I . I· II P " as the)' reach Ilelr II

are not <lutochthonus though in the Balkan and aeoll1an arc . . " d . . d h- hi ·pres~l .... e manlfest.ltlon. cvelopment, showing perfection of technique an Ig ye,x . . r:b I the cult

Th' '. . . h· the ASia MlIlor 11 u ae, IS IS espeCially true for the (JoldSlmths tec nlque, h. I. d th r PC'II- 111

of h ::> f henomena t ,It 1.1 el ' t e snake. poppy-heads and a whole ran ge 0 P .. 1- nllcel)' ora .... es

gold d . I . ·on tint the aleas 0 P e> e<lth masks. If we agree with tIe OPIll] , . I onnecllOn WIth bel h t"onofwhatls tlCC

onged to Paeonians, we have to pose t e ques I n e<; that penetrated III the Egypt, Crete and Asia Minor. and what are those 111 uenc , In .' II fe of PaeOllliln~-

OSt delicate sphere of human life, the spmtuil I

10;

HISTORIC BAG'GROUND AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Till' researches carried out so fardra\\ our attention to the role played hy the .,];md of erell:::. SlIunted In the center of the !\lcdllerranean Sea, Crete was 111 a position [0 mallltain 1Illcnse contacts with developed civilizations, thus playing the p~lrt of intermediary 111 transfer of cultural acillc\'cmcnls.

It has been accepted tllal the Neolithic population of Crete ongmJled frOIll ASIa '111101'. At the turn of the 3rd millennium BC. during the struggles of dynasties III Egypt under Menes, a part of the population left the Delta of Nile and settled Crete. thus introducing the first Impulses that would bring about creation of ci vitiZJtlon

distinctive In Its own way.

The tradition conccrn1l1g the migration of Cretans to Analolia is aSSOCiated with the E~lrly Bronze Age. According to it, Tcucro and his father left Cretc and ITIlgrmcd to Anatolia. Tcucro would later become founder of the Troyan royal family. Sarpedon and his followers also migrated from Crete to the area of Lycia after ~llno had taken over the Island. The rcsearches on Cha1cidice have shown that the Bronzc Age settlements comprise pottery that corresponds to the one from Troy I, whIch leads to a conclUSIOn that migration of popUlation from Anatolia occurred III the Early Bronle Age. Lycia is the center of the cult to Apollo and Apollo is leading deity within Paeonians.

The following wave of seltlers from Anato lia, i.e., Troy, is connected wllh the campaign of MIdas and Teucrians, who passed Bosphorus, conquered the Thracians and reached the Ionian Sea, according to Herodotus. Pigrct and Mastias declared in presence of Darius that they were Paeonians, their homeland was ncar the Strymon river and they descended from thc Troyan Teucrians.

According to Strabo the Egyptian Pharaohs Seso~'M i s and Psametdl conquercd Thrace in one campaign and set along the roads slOnes with their names inscribed on. ThiS detail would not be of special importance if we did not know that the Egypti;1Il influcnces and clements had been confirmcd in the Balkans.

About the connections of the Balkan south with Asia Minor thcrc are some other data confirl11l1lg the migrations that occurred in both ways. This is supportcd by relations Bryges-Phrygians, Paeonians-Mcones and Dardanii-Dardania. Thc relation of Meonia and Paeoma has already becn pointcd out long time ago.

An opinion has been suggeslCd that Mcones arc actually Paeolll:lns fu'lcu with Phrygians, which is confirmed with the notion that the nicknamc of the la'l\ king of the Meonian dynasty of Heraclides Kandaules. could be compared to Kand~loll. the god of war withlll CreslOnians. Taklllg into consideration that CrcslOllIa was for some time under the Paeonian rule, Tomaschek infers that Kundaon is a Paconian god. On the other hand. the first king of the Mconian dynasty of Herachdes \\as, accord ing HerOdotus, Agron. Agron is the name of one Ulyrian king. KacarQ\ ha .... noticed the SImilarity of Agron with Paeonian Agriancs, whereas the anccstors 01 Agron. Nin and Bel bear, according to Eduard Mayer, Semitic name ... It should be

106

'Idded that thc mcdiacval Agarcnes I c Ag',r" . h • . . . ' ..• • ncs, w O'Jr' ' , 1

',ncicnt Agnancs, descend from Agara the ",.,,',1 f Ab C con~luered to hc the • • < 0 . rah'lm' 'f of Egypltan origlll The name Silllono~ born bv I. • s w~ e Sarra. Who Wit ..

J a ,lIcr Agnannn I Scmll lC onc. • ru er Is also :\

In the tradItion Meon (Peon) is mel11ioncd ' . L

.. .\S "lIlg of Phrygi' . . 1 L .• J\ligdon w .. .., also a klllg of Phryglalls, whcrcas "-1)'gd . . .1 anu ),ula.

onla I~ an area on Ch I ' ,1 The mythOlogical uncestor of the Phrygian royal hou' '. ~1 A . a Clulce.

. se IS 1\ luas Who had g' d thc foot of Benmon. -, .If en\ ill

Thc connections of Crete with south Balkan':. wh'ch . .. . , I \\.-ere maintained through

Asia MInor as Intermediary, should be considercd as a Com be' . . ". ponent to percelvcd 111 the cultural and splfllllalmall1festallons. Nevertheless no dal h ' be . . a a\ e en preserved aboutthc direct contacts between Crete and the later Macedonia.

A migration of Cretans IS considered 10 have Occurrc" 'flc II d . . u.. r lC e"tructlon of Knossos. It happened at somc POInI after 1400 BC when II suffered from a fire caused presumably by thc Illlpact of Achaean~ 111 the island. According to Straho.'l group of Crctans lcad by Botton settled Emathia. This area would later beilr Ihe name Boeotia. We could assume that thiS was not a migration of mlllor scope, othcrwise 1\ would nOl have been mentioned III the source~. Konnon also mforms about settling of Cretans in Macedonia. In thi" case. they arrived from Italy. where MIIlOS was killed after the unsuccessful campmgn and his Crelam had a shipwrcd:

The attempts for designating the preclsc chronology of the two events could not be considcred successful yet. Firstly, it is not clear whether one or two Imgration~ arc m question. If we adhcre to the legend, MlIlos' campaign in Italy in search of Dcdal us and his demh should be associated with the fall of Knossos. It Indicates that .a group of Crctans lcad by BoHon settled the Balkans, whereas another group left for It aly. Considerably latcr these Italian Cretans bearing the name Japlgcs would setlle Macedonia. If this is so, than the migration of "Italian" Cretans would occur 111;111

area mhabited by their own people, Boeotian~, I;lInilarly to the case?f Teueria.ns, who settled in an area ncar thclr people onglllatlllg from Troy. There IS an opllllon. that the migration of Cretans from Italy should be assoc iated \\ Ith colOIHZ:ltlon ot the Mediterranean, and the ncnt is, consequently, dated to the 8th. i.e., 7th century BC,

, , . G' , d E ropus we ~110\\" sOllle other In additIOn to Etdornene, ortYllla an U .• . d C Thc Knossos clay tablets n:ad toponoms 111 the territory of Pacollla rclate to rete. . . .., ' I

'I' B t"ng The fonnerls assl"IC1.lle( the words PAl and STABAIA. mscribcd III mear wn I . '" r , . f· S b '\ IOwn at the conllucncc 0

wllh PalOnes.Thc latcr presumably rc ers to 10 OJ . • ' I be b ou"ht IIlIO

Erigon and Axios. Mcssapos, the nvcr on Crete. ~hould ccrtalhn) b ff"rlO h\cd. It . . p. onn where leu ,

conncction with Mcssapioll, the 1ll011l1tall1 In ae· . 11th of them. I Id . 0 govo mountall1 or Will )0

S lOU be identified with Malesevo or .,0 h '. 10'>' paralkls wllh Th . f . f G ' . by the Vardar sows c . e e .1 ore-mentIOned town 0 Ortllll.1 I 'd to the t\XlO~ over In Go' "f l ' C ~I th'\! call be re ate llyn. lc rc IS a town Axos on rl;; C . • f I '(1 lificant rclauons thai P . . fll'm'\110n 0 tiC SI_1 aCOllla.These IOpolloms are certain con '. . ':" anSln" from these the Pacoman areas maintained with Crete. A logical qucslIOn . eo

107

faclS would be whether the 8alJ...i\n toponym ... werc IrJn~ferred to Crete or It \\'a~ the

other \\';1) around. Thc mount,un Me~.~apioll. the :lrca of residence of the Paeonian bulL,lln i~

located to the north of Bela~lca. Thi~ geographic de~lgnatlOn 1\ ba\ed on the I1lfornmllon that this wa~ the mountain that divided Paeoll1ans from Maidcl. R. Klcpcrt identified Messapion \\-'ith thc Malcsevo mount.un and Zvigor. an opinion that appcar~ to be acceptable, The location of i\lessapion is. accordingly, rather far frolll the Aegean coa'it which excludes the possibility that the topOnolll wa~ Introduced by the BOUon's Crelans. It l'i c,"en les'i probable that 1\ was done by "italian" Cretan~, as we called them. The two IIllIlllgrat 111\ of Cretalls could not have been so big a\ to occupy major part of the Paionnian lands and to reach thaI far to thc north where MessapiOIl is localed. This toponoEn seems to have been llllroduced wllh the first illlllligrations of Cretan-Anatolian population or Teucrians III the Bronze Age.

The presented arguments concernmg Messapion should also refer to StObL We should bear in lllmd the fact thaI roponoms could be transferred only by settler\. unliJ...e the Imporled object\, which can, a~ easily moveable goods, appear al Ccrtalll areas regardless of the ethlllc affilwtion of the population. The name of SlobOl, mu\t have, accordlllgly. been mlroduced by the BronLe Age settler~ from A~ia Minor.

In regard 10 the Axios nver, we have to lOfer that this hydronom is also of rather early date. Thi.) nver was known 10 Ilomer under the same name. Amydon thc. fatherland of Pirechmes, was located on the Axios. The genealogical connection A,lcropaclis-Pelegon-Axios also suggests that the name of the river is of rather earlier dale (han the Troyan war.

A remarkable find. which IS considered to have becn broughtlllto European ternlOrie~ by Botton's Crelans, I~ the double-axe that exi .... ted In the~e area~ for centuries. III a form of bronze pendant. II has been discovered in burials at Dimo\ Grob ( 13th-121h century BC). The Verglna spec imens of three joined double-axe" are dated to the 10th-9th century. The central grave at Visoi includes an Interesting piece dated 10 c.llOO. The three pendallls shaping double-axe from Grave 16 at VisOi are dated to the end of Iron Age I and the beginning of Iron Age II. Three specimens from a burial under barrow in Vojnik ncar KUl11anovo arc dated to about the same lime.

Appearance of bro nze pins with vertically grooved egg-shaped head i ... distinctive for our territorie .... It has been stated that these pim, arc of Iranian ongm and the speclInens from Urarty are datecl to the 8th century. Thi" kll1d of Plll\ discovered in Fortuna-(tlp are con~idered to be of slightly earlier date.

After the waves of Aegean migration. when a period of stabilllation ~(;\rted. nourishing of material and spiritual culture was apparent. Although the rese,lrchcs of settlements in Paeonia have resulted in Obtaining rather scanty data on this period, the excavat ions of necropolises have shown that it wa!> a time of lIltelm! nse. Most of the data have been obtallled 111 the excavation~ carried out in the Lowcr Vurdar Valley. Numerous grave goods havc been discovered in the gra\'cs, mcludlng \Veapon.~. potte ry, jewellery and various cult artifac!\. Apart from the extremely coarse pOllery

lOR

found in the layers of ~e1l1 lel1t. all the other Ill' I . I 0 ·, a ena has been d

for funerary purposes. I particular IIltcrest for u.· h ma e ~pceir.cally I I 1' 1 S I'> t e presence i

form of bird an< otler so 3r symbols, the ones sh - . 0 pendants 111 J

bl d · I ' .. aplllg a stylil'ed well as the dOll c an trip dllabm, clements wnh C -, POppy-head, a~

b P , rctan analoglc~ \\ h h I ;\chieved the attn utc ae01lan. ThiS multiple proSperit wo -,' _ Ie a rCJdy ill the .,0 called pnncely bu ·i:lis. y uld later ha\-c Its peak

Ea~t Mediterraneall mnuenccs exerted 10 p . . aconlan termone Id h

followed throughout the CI sSlcal and Hellenistic Peflod Th' ~ cou e be conceIved as rooted tradition 011 one hand and 'scon . cse phenomena should

, , scquence of cont - 'I wllh Ihe areas of onglll, on the other. The Ia.,t Ob<;'rval h 1I1ua COnt;let,

t: Ion a\ come out fro . whole range of phenomen fhat were in the Course of tlln b- .. m.1

. f . 'e su 1'Ctto modIfication and transformation a old It cas and malllfestalions. ~

The clll.t to theSun which was extenSively worshipped Within Paconlall~ III the archaJc penod, has alre. dy been referred to in the stud) Accord '1 . '_ _ " lllg 10, aXlll\U~ trom Tyre 11 was shown a~ a diSC allached 10 a long wooden pol Th d '1 e. IS eplction represenung the s~mbol o~ the Sun was presumably carried in certain proccsl,ions and fe ... ti\'lIies dedicated to It.

. Arch a~ological evi ence concerning this IIlfOrmatlon has been prescrvcd on the COIllS, which bear depi :tlOli of the Sun deSigned clther a, a circlc Wllh radi,lIc rays. or <I:' a small circle w~th a raised central dol. The later '>ll11phfied ~Yl11hol of the Sun is actually a hieroglyph of the Egypllan God Ra. ThiS schcm;ltized depiction of the Sun would later transform into depiction of Apollo, according to which "ollle researchers infer that the solar :.ymbol~ within Paeonlans actually coneealthe functIon of tIllS deity. T he head of Apollo appearlllg in Ihe \tyle of the Cla~~lcal Greek art can be seen on the coins I\.'~ued by the Chalcidian League at the end of the 5th century. which wou ld later be transl'erred on thc Damastlon I ... ~ue.,. as well as on thc coin~ ot l'\icarchlls, Snllonos and thd Paeonian mlers LykkelUs. P:nraos and Audoleont. Tilklllg 111\0 cOIl!'iideratlon the dep Won of Apollo in interpreIJtio graeca. it '>cern, that he had become an official Pa Ol1lall deity.

The Phrygian go dess Cybele was transferred to Macedonian·Pacolllan territorie~ in the early dcc<.des of the Classical Period. The cult to tIm goddess has been confirmed III OIYllIhus by discovcry of molds for tcrra-COlla figurine.. from Ihe end of the 5th century. Fr~ III this Chalcidian area the wor~hlp of Cybelc e\pandcd along the Vardar Valley. It has also been confinned at l,ar-Maf\'lllei by hcrdeplcllon on several marble statue, frolll thc 4th century, \\herea." the cvidence from Ihe. H .. f II fi(lunnc~ A~ renectlon 01 ellenlSllc Pen od includc, local production a terra-CO a Ie> ,. . I' the AIlIC lIlnuence in lilLS ~riod Bitrakova-Grozdano\J lIlfcr~ that figure., of C) be ~ have been created under th l inOl;ence of Athens, Ihedepietion ofCybelc Plrgoptl('lr(l'

. b ociated With Asia i\ l lIlor. on terra-cotta figurines fro , Debrestc havlIIg cell a~~ . .

, ,.' ,It seems a' If it~ bUilders tlJd 1 he tomb from Bliazda IS rathcr mdlcatl\ e., r d Ian of their bal,c

been inspired by the tomb. of the Egyptian pharaoh~ and app I'd' .IP be ascribed to E . 'nfluenee shou .1 sO .

III com>truC\lon of this structure. The gyptWIl I h They had atrcad, II f n ofbowont elOp, .

1e rectangular slone bloc ~S, endmg III a rOJ

109

been dl"locatcd when they were dl"covered and their usc IS, consequently, stdlunelear In the EgyptIan shnnes, monumenb of this form have been erected bearing Inscriptions. formulae and ritual scenes.

The Bralda monuments are of the same form. although they bear neither insenption. nor human figures. The only decoration is thc flat framc around the field c\ecuted in bilrbotllle. a technique also applied in the construction of the tomb. The further excu\ ation 'mght show \...-hether the six monuments frolll Brazda were tombstones or had some oiller function.

Connections with A<.,L:\ Minor arc also apparent III tombstones. Although tht! finds from the Republic of J\lacedoma dated to this period arc nOt so nUlllerous. theIr close as<.,ociatlons with the A<.,iu Minor specimens from the Hellemstic Period arc apparent. Certain clements of some monuments from the end of the 4th century BC point to Alexandrian mflucnce.

FINAL CONSIDERATION

The big migration<., that occurred in the Balkans after the fall of the Neolithic world brought about crucial changes, both in social relations. and 111 the popUlation structure of the newly conquered lands. Settlements that appeared In the Early Bronze Age ha\"c been confirmed in the territory of Republic of Macedolll:'l. In the north. remar~able traces have been preserved at Gradiste-Pelince ncar Kumanovo. \ .... hcrea ... 111 the south. in Pclagonia. a particularly important role was played by the !>,eulemenl Radoborska Tumba.1t has been concluded that no big changes occurred in the Centml Balkan throughout the Bronze Age and there was certain ethnic and cultur:lI cOlltilllllty in this area. If we agree that selliers from Troy inhabited the central Bulkans a ... population that would later develop into Paeonian ethnic group. than we could conclude that Paeonians comprise the basic ethnic element in these area ... In the Bronze Age. Towards the end of the Brollze Age, i.e., in the transition to Iron Age. big changes also occurred, caused by the Aegean migration and sCllling of populallon distinctive for burial-urns which are associated with knobbed and fluted poltery. Cemeteries of this kind have been confirmed near Pirot. <ltthe site of Gorna Strazava near Prokuplje, Donja Brnjica ncar Pr istina. Karagac ncar Kosovska Milrovica and Hlpodrom near Skopje. It seems that their impact towards the south W<lS through west Macedonia. where burials in urns have been confirmed. The central Paeonian area seems to have stayed aside the impact of the carriers of cremation.

At the same time. considerable influence from the south ha<., heen manIfested 111 Mycenaean Import, Including mostly pottery and weapons. The Mycenaean !>,word, have reached as far a ... Prilep. Tetovo and 19larevo in Kosovo. Mycenaean pOIICI") has been discovered in Gevgelija, Veles, Skopje and at sites in Kosovo. A Mycenaean helmet made of boar teeth has been found at Hipodrom.

These influences were about to continue throughout the advanced Iron Agc in the Paeonian land .... where IIlhumation in cist grave !>,tructures would prcvail In

110

dd ·t,on to thc simple burial in pih. Their m'\s',ve . a I < .• ' use IS pan I V dar Valley. At the same tllne. burials under tu '1' leu arly apparcnI LO thc ar . mu I appeared . Id Indo-European bunal practIce. They have be as an unpact of the a < en confirmed

the Vardar Valley and Pdagoma. In e<L ... t MacedonIa ,

The Paeonian - Agrianian territory could co . . nsequently be dli gion of the impact, Interlacement i.lIld mutual exist f' I enll Icd as macro rc, ence 0 cultural Inn f .outh and north. whIch have emerged as dominant . _ uenec ... rom .... In cerlam SOCIal CI ' , 'md III certam periods. One of these stages is the IInpaCl f h C rcum~t,lnee~ , I lOt e retan-Asla ~I influences parucu ar y apparent 111 the second half of th 6 h . • lIlor

k I h e t centur} Be The ' mnuences go bac . as car y as t e Bronze Age. Miorations th t , ' , ~l;

. M' ::. a occurred III relation of Egypt - Crete - ASIa Illor (AnatoiLa) - Balkans brought abo h b ..

Id I I · '. U\ t C <ISIS for further contacts that wou lave tlelr peak III the princely bunals.

The scholars have posed the question of the ethnic affiliatio f I I '. . ' no t1C popu atlon whose bUrials have been d,scovercd at the cemetery near Treben,'s't . I I

~.., . .., . a ,II tlC ... Llc 0 Suva Cesma. On the other ha,?d, ~he Trbcmsta analogies for grave good ... have always been pointed 10 whcll publLshmg the burials from the Archaic PefLod. Thi~ i" particularly.a~)~arcntl1? thc publication of the Sindos find ... In Ihe Catalogue of the Sindos exhlbLllon. ThiS CIrcumstance allows us to conclude that alllhe arch'l1c cemeteries in question -Trcbcnista. ReCica and the ones 111 Pelagonia. Lower Vardar Valley and Chalcidice - belong to one and the same populatIOn.

An opinion has been suggested in the scientific literature that the Trehenista cemetery and everythmg contained in it belong to Encheleae. ThLS opll1ion. which has not ocen supported by any material evidence. should a prion be rejected. Enchelcac arc mysterious people scantLly confirmed 111 histonc aspect and placed \\1Ihll1 II1defilllte chronological borders. If they are in some way confirmed mthe Ohrid region. they could not be expected in Pelagoma and Lower Vardar Valley. particularl) not at Sindos, i.e .. in terntories that have never belonged to Encheleac, Apan from the legend of Cadmus as founder of Lychnidus and the mformatlon on Enehclanc taken by Philip V, no other wrillen record on Encheleae has been preser\'cd, The data found at Srabo do not show explicitly which Encheleac they refer to. whether the Ohrid Enchelcae, or the ones settling the area around the Seodra Lake.

The .. l1tempt of identifying the Encheleae with MacedollwllS IS nol a . . f· I b - the lasl dee3des of the 6th s311sfactory solution. 100. In the tlllleo pnnce Y tom Sill . '.,.

d h . 'IOries of Ohnd-Strug,l century BC, Macedonians have not yet conquerc t e ielTi . reg ion. Pelagonia and Lower Vardar Valley.

I d d some problclJ1~ an~lI1g Among the scholars that have recent Y consl ere '. \V-thout pretencc

f h· T b'~ nnlts was LJ Kono\,I. I rom t e d,<.,covery of the r emsta necrol __ · -' . I_ I) 10 certain f . . . stinO pOlnt~ parucu ar

o ... olvmg them . .she points to certaIn lIltere ::o '. h 'man ... on the . ' - ° at the same Ulne t e Opl connections wllh Crete and AnatoltJ. reJcctJlle - h ed,t t·orob~ef\ln~ .. h Idbe0L\'ent eer ~ cemetery beionglllg to Illyrians. VI. POpoVIC S au 0 from Egypt argumg th I I d pmtual phenomena . c ro e of Crete in transfer of cuhura an s t partIcularly III the

d '1 dOllian componen . strongly against the Illynan an I' ace appearance of gold death ma ... j.;..,.

III

In Europt.' gold and c!cctrullllll<lsl..s have b~en lilsco\'crcd at Mycenae 111 Ihe shaft grave ... of Grave Cm::le A. Sehlutlan has associated the III with Ag~mlcillnon and the Illcll1bl.'r ... of hiS family. 1\lore preCl.se datlllg has been suggested thcreafter, e ... peCl<ll1) \\Ith the discover) of annlogous bunals in Gra\'c ~ircle B. ~ ·i.lI1glllg from the end of the 17th to the end of the 16th century. The ethniC afllll~lIlon 01 the deceased has Jrl'ien a lot of di~putc III the science. Milonas has argued III f~l\'or 01 Greek. "pe'll..lIlg Indo-European .... Whatever reason he had ~or suggc"'lIng II. thiS ~HtnbutlOn can not be conllnned or acceptcd. If Achaeans arc 10 question , I.e .. the Ilrl,l Greek settler ... of Peloponnese. the practice of laylllg gold mal,ks on face<.; of deceased dignitaries would ha\'c becn continucd later. particularly If we t<lkc mto conl,idcration the fact that Mycenae and the Achaeans reached the peak of their de\,clopment Illueh later. when Mycenae had expanded and the Mycenaean culture left :'-Ignificant tr<llls in the Aegean region in the Late Bronze Age. Blil. no gold masks have been prescncd from that t1ll1C. Neither have they becn found in Tyrins. Pile and Asinc. The opillion ~uggestcd by A. Evans seems 10 be closest 10 the truth. There is no doubt that Mycenaean dignitaries have been buried in the king's tombs, though. accorcilllg to E\',lIls and Pendelhery. the "rulers from the Mycenaean palaces arc Cretan princes to have 11l0\'ed at the Greek land and conquered new territories". Thi ... j<.; the real,on for their buildlllg ... olid defense ramparts and immense wulls for protection from the pyrite.s. and also fr01111he autochthon us population, who considered the Mycenaean masters. slave-owners and klllgs strange and hostile.

As has been shown in the study. numerous manifeSlations in material and splfltual culture confirmed in our necropolises have been associated with Eg) pt and Crete. We abo know of migration of Cretans and Cretan names of places III the Paeonian terntones Could we. accordingly. ascribe the princely tombs frolll Trebenista to the Cretans? The problem could not bc solved that easily. Despile Ihe apparent pre~ence ofCrelan population in these territories, not <l slIlgle Cret<lll town h<ls been mentioned in the ancienl sourccs, neither has been preserved any allusion of Cret<lns as rulers of certain regions.

The queslIon "Who is buried in the Trebenista cemetery" posed at the beginning of this study is extended to the other archaic cemetries ill the Ohrid rcgion. Pelagonia, Lower Vardar Valley and ChaJcidice. This is justified with the apparent similarity of grave goods and the numerous identical or simil ar phenomcna in the spiritual life of the populations settling these areas. Absence of manifestations of this kind in regions that are known with certainty to have belonged to other ethnic groups allows us to infer that these areas were settled by one and the same population. which. wc believe, :.-hould be identified with Paeonian people.

As a conclusion from this research. 1 should summarize the arguments 111

favour of the thesis on Paeonian attribution of the archaic princely burials.

- The grave goods in the wealthy princely burials in Trcbenista. Berancl. Smdos and the other contemporary archaic cemeteries in Pelagonia. Lower Varelar Valley and Chalcidice have shown astonishing similarity. Thl~ phcnomenon lead.s 10

112

, onciUslon that the bunals must belong to the same I, .\ C . ' I d I' " popu allOn th'u 111" I h level III ccrl<llll SOCia an po Hlcal clrcUm~tances. This po ulatl ' . • mdget Igh ·dc'IS and altitude to the I,plfllual !tfe and manifested ,P on ~hared the same I , . . Th . I S respect to the d' d '1llccslOfS III the same way. e graves have yielded anlf. - _ ccease .' I'· acts convCYlng the ult and symbo IC connotations, objects produced III the ' same e 'rl h same center~ even III th same workshops. lese p enomena could not be Interpreted I.' _ _ e , I I" I · '. . mere y as la.,hlOn or "price of the ru Ing c ass III I lelr stnvlng forpre!>tlge. They 'h Id ' h c. d d .~ ou rat crbcconcei\'cd a .... \ deeply roote allllU e towards the dead ancestors to wh h h <. • IC t e II1tere~t of the

h\1Ilg people must have been turned. '

- All the princel.y buria~s fit 1111.0 strict chronological frames of 540-500 Be. It is a rather short pcno~ which durlllg a~ lIltense economic rise and for which circumstances were equal III all the three reglOn& of Chalcidice Lower Y' d II II . " . . ar ar a ey. Pelagonw and thc Ohnd regIon. The cOinage of Laeaei and Derrones IS aSCribed to IIlc same period, which shows that the most intense explanation of mineral resources occurrcd at that time. TI~is kind .of r.ise was not.experienced lIlthe neighbonng 1Ilynan. Thracian and MacedoJllJn terfl(ones at that time. The princely buriab from Atenica and Novi Pazar are dated to the same period. yet the entIre inventory II, of different kind. the funerary ritual showing that autocrat rulers are III question. Thi~ kmd of rise of the aristocracy occurred in Thrace a whole century thereafter. The bUrials include wealth of grave goods with gold breastplates, although there are no gold masks. Macedonian burials are of considerably later date.

- Fi vc gold masks have been discovered In the Smdos gravel, precisely dated to 520-500 Be. It seems unlikely Ihat five rulers changed III the area of Ihe SlIldos cemetery. two of which were women, in the span of20 years. ahhough It IS pos.,ible. It seems that gold masks were laId on the faces. not only of the rulers. but aho of the members of their families. We have the same impression concerning the Trebenist<l mash. The four specimens. one of which is female. fit into the same chronological framework as the Sindos ones and we could adduce the same conc1ul,ion. The r.,ame cou ld also refer to the Derriopian princess. This implies Ihat all the thrce regIons

, , ' h f I ber'of,hefamiIY\\lththcsJmc practiced the same nlUal ofhurymg t cerna e mem" , honor and respect as the male ones. The women might also have been rulers,

_ Necropolises yielding this kind of objects point out that the populatIon the) , 'f h I ng period of tllnc without belonged to must have sett led tIllS regIOn or a rat er 0. . . I'

'" I d" gs and llligrations. In the cour<.;e 0 expenenclllg major turbulences, wars, pun c.;Tln . . . _ . . . bl f onsiderable economIC mc.

time Clrculllstances havc become favoura e or c. f' 11 rgy 'md , b ht about development 0 me au,

explOHation of mincral resources roug . TI P ,',an.Ch'llcidi:1O , "I" achIevement lC acO! ' appearance of coinage as a 11Ighcst CIV I IzallOll . - II and coroplasts.

. . artisans toreuts. Jcwe ers. tcrntory became center 01 excellent masters- . , . and an lOlport T became more IIlten~c

he relations with the Mediterranean art centers h former 7th century. f . . . s were the same lilt c •

o exqu Isite <lrt works started. ClrCUltlstanCe bl Ifare particularl) 10 the Th 'd n t an en\la c we . e necropOlises from this peno re cc Yardar Valley.

113

These ;lrgUTlK'nts are sufficicTltto the three rcgions must have bcen sctlh:d hy the ",;1111(, or clo~dy related population that left In thc pnnccly burial ... a slgnlfic;mt [rail ;md e\idence for theIr economIc fiSC. thus showIng afflllllics to matcrial wealth different from the Hellemc ratIOnal and democratic spml. ii' well as their SPiritual attitude t(mimi ... cult~ ilnd rehgion. Thl:se phenomcna comply wllh the hhtorlt· data on the ethillc affiliallon of the regions that could ani) be Pacolllall

The c'\[KlIlsion of lacedolllans after the end of the Gred:-Pcr'lan \\ .1]', \,>ould put an end to this nourlshlllg. The Ohrid regi,?n and Derri,?pus would hecome pOorer, which IS confirmcd b) the burials In Suva Cesma. Tri Ccljusti and Vrtul)ka. As 10

Pclagollla. we could hardly ascribe somc burial to the dccades mthe Illld-5th centur) Be. The prospenty of the settlement belonging to thc Sindos cemetcry would, on the contrary. continue throughout the Sih century. The gravcs Include luxurious and·acts. among which the Attic pottery IS prevailing, replacing thus the Connthian one. There are glas", aribaloi, locally produced terra-callas of women. actors, goddesses seated all throne III AttiC style, pigeoll~ and wild boars, sOllle silvcr jewellery and. occasionally. gold rhomboid plaques. Although burials have becomc poorer, the gra\'e goods arc ortbe S<1me nature, but there are no gold Illusks and wealth of gold applIques and luxurious Jcwellery. At tillS !trne. the area belonged to Macedonians, but Ihe practice of buriul continued. which shows that the population was 110t expelled. The absence of gold masb leads 10 a conclusion that the local Iribal rulers have losl thcir status and the role they played up to that time.

The tribes located nOflbward would remain independent throughout the Sih century. accordmg 10 the coins of the Pcaonian rulers Dokllnos. Baslarcs and TCUlIlOS. It was still a period of local rulers at the treshald of the forllllllg of the Pae01ll<l1l stale. which would play significant role in the south of the Balbns

J beile,'c Ihat m)' extensIve research on the question po'~ed III the title of the s[Udy deserves to be published. As an opinion that appears for the flr't tllTle in the archacological sCience. I am afraid It might not be welcomed by the scholar,. The old deeply rooted opinions are not easy to abandon. Nevcrtheless, I believe that the further researchcs would provide evidence in favour of my thcsis,

114

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BOKOTOnOYAOY I., ilEInOINIl A., MILAHAlilOY B" TIBEPIOl: M,

rIND-01: - KA TA;\or01: TH2: EK8E2:H2:. A8,}l'a 1985. - Sindos.

By.rlllK. H .. JCllallllOB rp06 KO,[l Tpe6eHl!llJTa, rnACHHK CKollcKor Hay<lllor HpywTua.

Ktb. Xl. C"otJlbe 1931. - BYJll!h.1931.

- HOBI! rp0601111 KO,[l Tpe6cHlIwTa. CnOMEl lVlK LXXVI. 6eorpa1l1933. - BYl1l!h. 1933.

Wooll ey, L., Si r. Poccci civilizacije. Zagreb 1966

)KA - )KIIBa aHTIIKa, CKonje.

118

HJIYCTPAaHH KAPTH

ILLUSTRATIONS

MAPS

CmlCOK 113 IIJlYCTP3 11'III Index of illustrations

c., 1-.1 &po"1CIlK IIl.leM081!. Tpe6eIllIUJTa (Filow). Fig.~. \.) Bron~e helmets.. Trcben;sla (Fill,,,,,). C14 6POlrJCIL IllnCM. Tpe6emuuTa (B~;'IIt" 1931) Fig. 4 8roll.lc helmet. Trebeni~ta (B)!1It~ 193\). c., , 6po"1CII UI.1CM. Ae.,aroxAa Fig. 5 STOrlle helmet. Delagoida

(J; IlTpaJ(o aa -r POlAUU083), (6uTpaJ(08a. r polAaHoea). e, • &polllCII IllJle\!. PC'Hula (Jl:!~TOII)_ Fig. 6 Bronze helmet. Rctica (Lahto\'). (".,. 7 EpoOlOCII MeM.6YKpli Fig 7 Bronze helmet. Buhi (Mikuli'iC. Pclagonlp)

(M,kulci9 Pclagonlja) c., , EPOItlCH I JlCM. CIIIIIIOC (Smdosj. Fig. 8 BrOlUc helmet, (Siodos). e, 9 bpOltJCII ll!lCM. XallI0!/lIlK (Amandry). Fig 9 BrOllle helmet, Chalkldike (Am;llldryl. e, \0 OPO""" 1"'" e""", rp""I'

Fig. 10 Bronle helmet, North Greece (Amand nCi-I). (Amandl)' BeHI.

e, II 6poincIl I )nCM. MUKpa Kapa6ypyu (Ray). Fig. II Bronze helmet. Micra KarabUT111l (RJy). C, J2 5POlDCU ,1e~l. Xaruoc napacKcHllc Fig. " Bronze helmet. Hagios Para~kevis (Slsnl;lIlidi~)

(SI~mamd ) c., L1 MoneT3 HI JlCpOlUI (Svoronos) Fig. L1 Coin of Cerrones (Svorollos). C, " Monen najau (S\'oronos). Fig J4 Coin of Laeaei (Svorollos) Cl. " MoneTa H 1l000mMoc. KapaopMau rig. 15 Coin of DokllTIos. Karaorman

(MII).;Y11'1II1I. ApxuJcKe 1Ic).;pono:1c). (MI1).;YJl'IHIl. Apxajc).;e llei.Cpono.1c). C, J6 \10IleT3 H8 5aCTapej (Muret). Fig. 16 Ciollol of 8a5tareU5 (\1urel). C, 17 MC·leBu. 0111,[10<:: (Sindos) Fig. 17 S"ords, SlnOOs (Sindos). ('.1 " Konja. CI!H,[IOC (Smdosl· Fig. IS Spear lipS, Smdos (Sindos). c., J9 \1e'leBIi. 13a.1311,[10BO II reBre.1Uja Fig. J9 S"ord~. ValandO\o, Ge\'gcliJa (rcopnlca).

(rcoprllclJ). c., 20-23 3.1aTIlII 05cn..11. Tpe6eIlIIIUTa (Jb non08I1h). Fig!>. 20-!3 Gold earrings. Trchellls\a (n,. nonOSl1h). c., " Cpc6pell~t o6en.:lt. ne.1arOIUija (MlkuI6.:1 Fig. 24 Silver earrings. Pelagonia (Mikulci':). c., 25 Cpe6pcIIH 06CTMI. CII!lAOC (Sindos). Fig. 25 Silver e3rrings, Sindos (Sind05).

e, 26 3.1anHl o<5cTMt. CII!lAOC (Sindos) Fig. 26 Gold earrlllgs. Sindos (Sindos)

C, 27 Cpc6peuH 6e.1el"3l1l1. CIIIIAOC (Smdos) Fig. 27 Silver bracelet. Sindo5 (SindO\).

C, " Cpe6pemt rpl18IUt. Tpe6emlluTa Fig. 28 Silver bracelet. Trebenisla (By;mh \1)3.').

(8ymlh.1933). e, 29 Cpe6pell ~ rpllBua. neTI1J1cn-5epall1\l1 Fig. 29 Silver bracelet. Petilep-Bcranci

(Mikulti~ PelagoniJ31· (Mikul~it, Pclagonija).

e, 30·32 3naTIIII C rpJ1l!lll1. emlt\oe (Slnd05). Figs. 30-32 Gold necklace, Sindos (Sindos).

e, 33·34 3J1aTIlII JIPUl.lpJOIIII. neTl1nell-6cp~l!ull FigS. 33·3.1 Gold pendant. Petilep-lkranci

(Mlkulti~ PeI3goni]a). (Mikulcit. Pelagonija).

en 3~-3fi 3J1aTfIll npUl.lpJOIII1. Tpe6cuHlU'fa Figs. 35-36 Gold pendants, Trebenistn (]h. nonosllh).

(lh . nonj:)Bllh) Figs. 37, 3Th Gold necklaCes. Sindos (Sindos). e, 37.376 3113TfI I repllJ1llll. CUIlIlOC (Smdos).

C, ~8 rCpIlall ~l KUJIII6ap, CrIllJ!OC (Slndos) Fig.38 Amber necklace. Silidos (Smdos).

e, 39 311aTell - _pAau. C\IIllIOC (Smdos). Fig.39 Gold necklace. Sindos (Smd05).

e, 40·41 3J13TfIl! I cpe6pcIIII <pu6YlIll. CrIllAoc Figs. 40.4 I Gold and silver fihulae, SlIldos (Sind()~).

(Sindosl· Sliver fibulae. Trcbenista (8~.'lIh I'HI). e, 42 CpeGpelll1 q,1I6),111. TpcGeIllIlUTJ1 Fig. 42

(I3YJ1l1h I'BI). Fig. 43 Si1\'cr fibulae. Pcrilep-Bcranci e,. 43 Cpe6pellll q,1I6YJlII. neTf1J1en-Depatl1\1I

(Mlkultit'. Pclagoni]a). (Mikultic. PeJagonija).

c., 44 Cpc6pcII!l q,116Ylla. XaI1KIIAII" (Amandry). Fig. 4.1 Sil\'cr fibula. Chalkidlke (Amandr)).

('.1 45 Cpc6pellli urJlI1. CIIIIJlOC (Sindosl· Fig 45 Sliver pins. SmOOs (Sindos). .

en. 46 Cpc6pellli I1rllll. neTI\/len-liepallllll 1\ Fig. 46 $il\er pins, Pelilep-Beranci and Trebenls\a

Tpe6eHIIHI'fa Fig. 47 Silver plll~. Trebenl~ta (B):1l1h. 19.13). c., 47 CpeGpclIII I!rnl!. TpeUelllHuT3 (BYJll1h 1933)

C, 48 EipOlIJemi IIrna. rp'IIIUITe (reoprne"l· Fig 48 Bronze pin. Grti~te (reOprllc8).

121

Cl 4<1 l;p'lln~111111L111. P:I:IO.111111T:I (.'1>. nOn\ll111h)_

('., ~() :3.1;lTlHl-CI'C(>PCllll 111":111. ('111t'O~ (Sm,!.l\) ('.1 ~1.~2 ("PC(>PC1111 lILlII. TpCticlt11UlTa lBl.luh 1'>l.U). ('., q-_~4 :3.1JnI11111".111. CU'1.1<X (Sl11d ... ) C1 ~~ C'pc6pCl1a I1r.1a. Tpc(>ellllllITn (F.I"",). ('., ~o Cpe6pC11a 11L,a. \:am .. lt1l1" (Am;l11dry) C, ~7 II L111. CI1I1,we Tpc6CllllUI'I';I. PC'IIlI\H C, ~.'\-~'J 3.1aTIII1 M:lC".t. TpC(>e111I1UTa (Filo,,). Cl f1(l 3_1:1T1t:l ~1.1CKJ. Tpcticlll1tllra (B~.l11h 1'>131)_ C,_ til 3.1aTlta ~laC":I. Tpdklll11UTn (Bl.1l1h 1<1.1.1). C., tl2 3.101'11;1 'hICK:!. nCTltl1CII-])cpamll1.

(\hkultIC. I'c!ngonip)_ C, 0.1-07 3.1:1T1111 MaC"lt. CHlI;ll>e (Slndo') C.l fo,~ 3.1:1ma M:lCI'a. Xa.'''ll,.ll1'' (Am3ndryl_ ('.1 tit,! 3.'13T1I3 pa"aBI1U3. T pc(ie'lItUlTa (Filo,,) ell 70-71 3.1aTIIIlCalll\a~II. Tpe6ellllllrr3(By.'llh.I'HI). C1 n 3,laTcll lIallr"pa/lllllK. Tpc6c1ll1H.1Tn (Filnw). C.l 73 Cpe6pcIIJ fl_'O't"a. PC'III1(a

(LahtO\. Slwla R). Cl 74.75 3.'13T11It n.l0'1"lt. Om.l<X (Slnd,l';) C~ 7" 3.'1am;1 1I110'I"a. LIIIII\OC (Slndos) ('.1 77·79 ;.Kel1eJlut 11 lipOllJC1I1I KO.lll. CIIIIIlOC (Silldos).

C, iUl·RI \10tlcTlt l1a flCpotU1 C, S2 \101lCT3 113 ~h llc.

c., IO-S4 Ky.'TlU1 npe"MCTI1. C"II,lOC (Slndo\)_ ('.1. 1I~-S7 6(>OII1ellll a.1KI1. XaI1Kl1lllt". T pe6clutuJTa.

KO'J:\IIU (Amandry. Bynuh 1931. 19.1.'). en SiI-S9 MOtleTIl 11:1 Ile(>Oun ('.1_ 90 MoueTa lIa naTpaj_ C, 91 MoneTa lIa TeyTaoc (.11t"lIIK.JOC1l(:p06C~II) c., ':12 6(>0'131:11 KpaTep, Tpc(>eIlItLllT3 (Filow) C, 9.' Cpe6petl 6polll. Xall~ItJtI!" (Am;mdry). ('.1. ')~ 6on1ll~a 01\ raJII. KpllT C.l. 9~ 6poinellJ pa'IKa. Tpt!(ielUtiUTa (Spun 11/]3)_

1·1~ .. j') IJWll/e p"". I~adoh,(a Ph n"n,lnllh) Fi~ 'ill Gold-S,I\cr pin,. Sind", (SlIlfJ''''J FI):' ~1·S~ SII.cr pm,. Trel>cTlI'la (B~_ll1h 1'1'.11 h):, ~-'_~J Gold pm'. Smd,,, (Sind.",). I'll! .~S Si(ICT 1'111. Trd>eni<.ta ( I-il",,) h): Sh Silver pm. Chalkidlkc (Amandrvl_ hg S7 I'in_ •. Sll1<h'~. Trehefli~l;l. R~'::IC"; h):, 5)1·~9 Gnld m3,k" Trehcnl~tJ (I'ilo,,) hI!. totl Gold nu,k. Trcoc11l"13 CBy.,l1h 19-'1)_ hl!_ til Gold rna,k, Treh~III,(a (B~,'l\h. ]<1.'3). bg 02 Gold l1lJ\k. !'cldep-Berancl

(MlkLlI'::I~. I'c\agonlj<l) Flp 63·67 Gold ma<k., Sind,,~ (SindO\)_ h~ (,s Gold 1l1a,k, Chalki{hkc (Amalldry)_ 1'1):.,,9 Gold glove. Treocm~l;l (Fil,,,,)_ I'IS' 7()· 71 Gold <,;mdals, Trd>enl~( ;l (By.ll1h I ')~ I). Fig n Gold bre,l\lplate. Trchclli,la (hlow). Fig. 7.1 Silvcr placque. RcCica

(Laht" .... SI(ula S)_ FIll. "74. 75 Gold plJquc~. SindO'i (Slndo<) Fig. 7" Gold placque. Sindo, (Smdos). Flg\_ 77-79 Iron and hronze car,. Sindo, (Slndo\). Fig\ llO-RI Coins of Derronc, Fij: S2 Coin of ichnae. Figs 83·8J Cult ohjects, Sind,\,; (5md,l';) Figs. 85·87 Brontc rings, Chalkidikc. Treheni't<l. Kocani.

(Am:mdry, Byllllh [<Hl. 193). Figs. 88·89 Coin' of Derroncs Fig 911 Coin of l'alraQS. I-ig 91 Cnin ofTcutaos (Jln,"lItK·Jocmp(IBc"lI) Fig 1)2 Bronze kralcr. Trello.:nl'la (Filow). Fig 93 Silver broche, Chalkidikc (Amandry). Fij: 94 Goddc' from G:w. Cre(e_ I'll! 9~ Bronlc hnndlc. Trchcnil,ta (n~·.1l!h 19~').

A BlilO/WIII 'IrOC!1I!H'lJ!ll lO!iipe6(1 aa il Ja6,wlo()O/W IIll i-ia A IKA TEPINI16ErnOlNI I (J() Co,lnl JlI COl,JaCI-fOCllill ()a ce KOPIICWlllfl peilpo(hKI(IIWlIe oa KIIlIIU.IOif)11I DNa-or. AOllva 1985_

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Contents

(KOH J13.QaH)r eTO) Apan rwa 3ApaBKOBCKI! nrE)J,rOBOP . ................... .............. ;

BOBE)J,EH OCBPT BP3 HCTOPHJATOT HA OTKPMBAlhATA ..... 9 TPE5EHI1llJTA ........................ _ ....... _ ...................... -............................. 9 J1EJJArO){(JJ.A .. ....................................................... _ ............................................... ... 1/ PA/l.OJlHI1JTA. ....... ............................ ........................ 12 PE'IHU,A........... ................ ..................... .................. 13 nETHJlEn·EEPAIIU,H ............................. . 13 BAJlAH/l.OBCKO·rEBrEJlHCKH PErHOH ...................... N CHH/l.OC ................... ............. ..................... .......................... 15 XAJlKH/l.HK· HEOnPE/l.EJlEHH JlOKAJlHTETH ........... . .... 16 A1HKPA KAPA5YPYH ....................... .................................................. 17 ArHOC nAPACKEBI1C .................................................... ................................... 17 PErHOHAJlHA ETHH'IKA nPHnA)J,HOCT.. .... . ..................... 19 /l.OJlHO nOBAP/l.APJE 11 CEBEPEH XAJlKHfJl1K ........................................ 19 OXPH/l.CKI1 PErI10H ........................................................................................ 23 nEJlArOI·1/1JA ...................... ................ .. .... 27 nOrPEIiYBAlbE ....... ...... . ........ .. .... ..................................... 28 KOMnAI'ATHBHA AHAJlH3A HA APXEOJlOIIIKHOT MATEPHJAJI . BOEHA OflPEMA ................ . 1IIJJ£!I10BII .. OPY'A(J£ .

HAKIIT . 05ETKN .................... . 5EJ/Er3HII ..... .. tEPJJ.AIIJI .................... ,. /LJAJIOA3I1CKI1 (/)IISYJIH .. l1r.nM ..................... . KYJITHI/ flPE/l.METI/ ... .. nOrf'/:;SIII/ MACKII ........ .

. 33 ..34

. ............ 3-1 .. ....................... 36

. ............. 37 ....... 38

............... 39 ... 39

. .... -II 42

.. ·N . . -15

·HAPAI\BJlUlf"If "C,\{//lAJlJf" , .. .... ............. -11)

lfA/lrPAflllllUlf .................... .. .. 50 flPynf AnJ7JfKAUlflf ...... . . .............................................. ········ .... 5/

DBOI\OJIKII ...................... ··· .. ···· .. ········ .IIA CJI {IKIf /I CTO]flllflbA .. ... .

···· .... ·· .. ·· ..... 52 . ............. . .53

6POH3EHlf AJlKJI ......... , ... . · ..... 5-1

KYJ1THII CJlMBOJ1I1 ...................... 55 COHlfEBIf CJlM60JlJl ....... , ............ . · .. ··· ...... 55 BEnAP ........................ ........................... .. .............................. 56 3M1IJA ........ . ........... .. ·· .. 57 JIAB ............ . ...... 58 511K ..................... ....................... ..~

A<P110HOBA 'IAIlfKA .......................... ······················ ................... ··········· ... 59 HCTOPI1CKA 3AAHHHA 11 APXEOJlOIUKH nOTBPAI1 ..... 61 3AIIPIIIHI1 PA3MHCJIYBAlhA ............ ;.................. ·· .......... 73 WIIO WAS BURIED IN THE TREBENISTA CEMETERy ......... 91 FOREWORD ............................................................................. 91 SHORT IIISTORY OF TilE DISCOVERY ..................................... . .......... 91 TR£8ENl.ful.. . . . ......................................................................... 91 DELAGOZDA.. . ............................................................................................................... 92 REt/C4 ..................................... ......................................... . ........................ 9..1 PETILEP-BERANCi ................................................................................................ 92 VAL--INDOVO·GEVG£LIJ,4R£GION .................................................................................... 92 SINDOS.................... ............................... .. ......................................................................... 9.1 CflALCiDICE - I ...................................................................................................................... 93 AI/KRA KARA8l1RlIN ............................................................................................................. 9.1 HAGIOS PARASKEV/S .............................................................................................................. 9]

ETHNIC A lTRl8l1TION OF THE REGIONS ......................................... . ........... 9]

LOlrER VARDAR VALLEY AND NORTHCf£4LC/DICE. ............................. . ............ 9./ OHRiD REGION........... . ........................................................................... 9./ PEfAGOJI/iA. . ................................................................................................................... 95 BURIALS..... ............. ................ . .......................................... 95 COMPARATIVEANALYSIS OF TIIEARCIIAEOLOCICAL AfATERfAL 98 WAlIRJOR E{]UIPAfENT ............. ............ ........................ . ......... M HELMETS... . .... 9<5' WEAPONS ..................................................................................................................... , ......... fJ9 JEff/ELLERy............................... ............. ......... ........ . 99 f::AJl-JUNGS .................................................. ........................... ,..... . ... 99 BHACELETS ................................................................ .................................................. , ..... /00 NECKLACES .... ...................................................................................................... . FIBULAE .................. . PINS

CULT AR7IFACTS ........................ .............. . GOLD OEATI/ MASKS ........................................ ......................................................... . GLOrEs. SANDALS ANI} BREASTPLATES .. OTHER APPLI{]UES ..... ............ . TWO-WI/EELED CART ... .................................................................. . BRONZE RINGS .... CULTSYMBOLS ....

., .................................................................................. ,'

100 . .. 100

.100 I{JI

. ... 101 . .. I()]

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SOLAR SYMIJOLS. . ............. . BOAR 103

JO] SNAXE IfJI LION 10./ BlILL .................. IfJI

poppy .... 105 HISTORJC BACKCROUNDAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE .............. /06 FINAL CONSiDERATION........................ ......................... I/O

EI1EJlI10fPA<I>HJA H KPATEHKH .......................... . 115

I1J1YCTPA~I1I1 / KAPTI1

ILLUSTRATIO NS/ MAPS ......................................................................... 119

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BN 9989-619-24-7