. 21/2361 ( 819//7-10-93) , . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. : 16 .. 1846/51. . 1 27 . 1902/1990. . 3339/9.6.1993 ... . . 296 315 .. . 30/16.9.1993 31/23.9.1993 . , :

1. , , , . (8) (2) : 2. 1.12.1993. . , 5 1993 . ( - - - ) 1.1. 1.1.1. (AIDS) . HIV. RNA DNA . .

: , ( , , ...) . . 1 1. . 2. , , , , . , (), , . CD4 HIV . - , . 20-25% 2 , Kaposi, , ... . . P24 . - , . 67-80% 3 : , , , , ... . - .

100% 1.1.2. . (common cold) 30 Influenza, Parainfluenza, , Coxsackie, Mycoplasma ... . . . 40 C, , - 4 . . 1 , , , , . . - . 5-10% [1 ] 2 , , , ... - -. / : - , , . . - . 40-50% [1 ] 1.1.3. . - . 1. 2. 1

, , ( ). ASTO 200 . Todd , , . - . - ...50-55% [3 ] - ...20-25% [3 ] 2 () . . - . . 20-25% - 25-50% - ..67-80% 3 . - - - : (PQ, QRS). . . - . . - ..68-80% [3 ] ..55-67% [12 ] - - ()

- () 35-50% (. ) 1.1.4. . Salmonella typhi ( ). : - () - - - - - . 1 , , , , , , ( ). . . . - 3-4 . .35-55% [2 ] 2 30% : (), (), , (), (), (). . - : .55-60% [2 ] - : .80-87% [3 ] - : ..55-60% 15-20% - : ..55-67% [2 ]

35-50% 1.1.5. . (C. trachomatis) ( L1-L3) . . . , . . 1 , , , . . IgM . - . .....25-35% [3 ] 2 , (), () (, ), (). . - . . - , .15-20% [3 ] - ..25-35% - ( )..60% [1 ] - ().....35-50% [ ] - ( )...35-50% [1 ] - ()10-15% [ ] 1.2.

1.2.1. . . ( ). , 2, F : - Cooley - - () . . 1 - . . Ht 28-40%, MCV 55-75 fl . Hb : =80-95%, 2=4-8%, F=1-5%. , -- (alpha thalassemia trait) . - . - 0-5% - (, ...)..35% [2 ] 2 - Cooley - . , , , 6 , , , , , . Ht 10%. , , , , (Bizzare). Hb

, 2 F : =0-1%, 2=4-10%, F=90-96%. - . : 1) 2) 3) 30 . - (3) ... 70% - .100% 2 . - . ...5-55% 1.2.2. . , , S . DNA ( 6 -). . 1 : . , . S. - .

.0-5% 2 : HbF . , , . , . . Ht 20-30%. 5-50%, 10-25% 12-15.000 ... . . - ..50% - ...67-80% - ...100% 1.2.3. ( ) . Na, . . . 1 : . - . ..15% 2

1. 2. 3. : - - - . . Coombs . : . . . (). . . - . - ...55% - 25% 1.2.4. . , , , . . 1 . . . . -, , LDH, test . C3b . - .35-50% -

..> 67% - 67-80% 1.2.5. ( , ) . . VIII IX . . , II, VII, V, IX, X . . 1 , . . , , , . AIDS . VIII IX . . - ..70-100% - ..50-67% - , , , ...> 67% , , . : , , , , .

: 1. ( Werlhof) - - - IgG - ...67% [6 ] - ....>67% - ...35% 2. - - - - - - LDH - - Coombs - (PTT) . . - ...80-100% - , .55-67% 3. ) Glanzmann: . ADP . - ' ..35-50% - > 67% ) Bernard-Soulier: . . ...20-30% ) von Willebrand: von Willebrand (vWF) . , .

. ..35-70% 1.2.6. . . : 1. (---- ...). 2. (----). 3. ( - Gram -). 4. . 5. . . 1 - (, , ...). - (). - (). - , , . - . - , . - ( ) . . - . ...80-100% 1.2.7. . () . ( , , , ).

( ) ( ). . () . . 1 : 1. . 2. . 3. . : 1. , , . 2. . 3. . 4. . : 1. . 2. , , , . 3. , . 4. . 5. . 6. -. 7. . 8. . : . : 1. . 2. ( ). 3. ( ). 4. . . : . . - . .....80% - . ...80-100% 1.2.8. . ' . . 2 .

1 3-5 . ( , 2 3-6 .

. 1 - . - (, ). - . - ( , ). - ( ). - ( ). : , , , . : 1. . 2. (- ). . 3. . 4. . -. 5. Philadelphia ( 22 5). 6. . 7. 12 . - . . - ...80% - ..67% 2 : 1. 2. .

- . - . - . - 20% () , .. (Tdt). (Tdt ). ( ). - . 3-4 . .80-100% 1.2.9. . William Damesher. " ". . ( ) ( Coombs). IgM IgD. Ia, C3 Fc . 1% . . - . . 1 - . . - . - (, ). - . - . - . - . - (, , ). - . - .

: 1. : . , . 2. . 3. . - Rai . . - 0: ..40% - : + .50% - : + - .60% - : +.70% - IV: 80% 1.2.10. . . . . 1 - . - ( ). - ( ). - . - ( ). : , , (). : 1. , . . 2. (" "). . 3. - .

4.

Philadelphia .

- . . ..80% 1.2.11. Waldenstrom . Waldenstrom IgM . . 1 - . - . - . - . - ( ). - (, , , , ). - ( ). - . - . - Raynaud. - . - . . - . 3 . ...> 67% 1.2.12. . , ' ' (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD IgE).

. ( ). . 1 ). . 1. . 2. .

(,

,

,

( ). . . .

, . ( , ). ( ). . ( ). : . - : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . (< 2 ). 80% , ( 7 ). 67% 1.2.13.

1.2.13.1. Hodgkin . , , , ( , ). Hodgkin Hodgkin . Hodgkin : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 1 1), 2), , . 3). 1) ( ). 2) . 3) . 4) , . 5) , , . 6) . 7) (). (), , , . Reed Sternberg. , , , , . : . : 2 . . : , .

V: . - .80% [6 ] - . ...67% [4 ] - ..10% - .80% [6 ] - , ...67% > [6 ] - V. ...80% [1-2 ] - , . ... 1.2.13.2. Hodgkin . Hodgkin . 2 8 14 ( ) ( c myc). . 1 Hodgkin : ) . ) . ) . ( ). Hodgkin Hodgkin 2 : 1. Hodgkin , 2. , . . - (. ) . . 67% [2 ]

- IV ( ) 80% [2 ] 1.3. 1.3.1. Nelson . Cushing. (10-78%) Cushing . . 1 , , . . ACTH . . 1. , (. Cushing) > 67% [2 ] ..20-30% [ ] 2. , (. Cushing) [3 ] ...30% [ ] 1.3.2. Cushing . ACTH 1 10mm () 10 mm ().

ACTH . . 1 , , .

,

,

, ACTH ( ), 24, . . . . - 67% [2 ] - , 6-18 , ..67% [2 ] 20% [6-18 ] - ....50% 1.3.3. . < 1 cm () > 1 cm () (PRL). . 1 : , . : libido. 100-200 ng/ml. (< 1 cm).

() ( ). - ( 90%) 5 67% [2 ] - PRL ()...20% [5 ] - .20% 2 1 , . > 200 ng/ml. . (>2 cm).

, . ...30% . ...67% 1.3.4. . (GH) () (). . . 1 , , , , .

, , . 20%. . ) < 2 cm , , >90% . ...67% [2 ] ) >2 cm 60-70%. 6 2 , GH 67% [2 ] 30% [2 ] ) >2 cm . 10 . ..67% [ 2 ] ...40-50% [10 ] 2 1 , , , . , , . 1 . .

) ..55-67% [ 2 ] ) .100% 1.3.5. .

. : 1) . 2) ( Sheehan). 3) . 4) . 5) , , , . , ( ) . . 1 ( ) - : , . - : , . , (), (). . ...5-10% 2 ( ) , . 4 3, TSH. . ...10% 3 ACTH ( )

, . , ACTH. , , . .25-30% 4 ( Simmond) [: Simmond . , . (.. ..)]. , . LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH. 4 , 3 , , , . (test ) GH, ACTH . TRH test TSH. LH RH FSH LH. . ...30% 1.3.6. . : 1) ( ). 2) ( ) 3) ( ). .

1 (5-25 L), , (5-25 L). (67% [1 ] - .100% 1.3.7. . . . 1

, . . - ...0% - ...5-10% 1.3.8. . . : 1. ( ). 2. de Quervain (). 3. (). 4. Riedel ( ). . 1 , . . . . . . . . ..80% [1-2 ] 2 38-40 C , , .

(>60 mm). -131. 4 / T3. . 2 . ( ) . ..67% [2 ] 3 . ) ) ) . : .10% [ ] 3 . . . (131). . 4, 3, 4, 3. . . ) -blockers. ) . (: ). ...>67% 2 . 4 Riedel ( ) , , . . . - ...10-20% - .55% - ...67%

1.3.9. . : 1) ( Graves Basedow): (TSI) . 2) : ) . 3) : TSH , TSH, , struma ovarii ... . 1 100/min, , , , . 4 3 ( 3). TSH. . 6 . 3 . 35-40% [2 ] 2 >100/min. . . . . 4 3. TSH. . 3 . 3 . ...>67% [3 ] 3

2 .

,

4 3. TSH. , . 6-24 . (131) . 50% [6-24 ] 1. . ...50-55% [6-24 ] 2. ( ) ...55-60% [6-24 ] 3. ( ) ..67% [12-24 ] 4. ( , ), , , , . ...30-80% [3-24 ] 5. ..80-100% 1.3.10. . ( ) . . 1 ( ). , .

4. .

TSH.

. . . ....0-5% 2 ( ). , , , . 4, TSH . . 4, TSH . . , 2-3 . ..55% [2-3 ] - : ...10% [ ] ...10% [ ] 131...10% [ ] : 0% ...10% - : ( ).20% - 10-20% - ..10-20% 3 : 2 , , , , , , .

4 3, TSH. , ( ). , , . ...60% [2-3 ] 10%[ ] 4 , : 24 C. . 4 3, TSH. . . .100% [2-3 ] 10%[ ] . ...50-67% [ ] 1.3.11. . ( ) (, , , ) . . : 1 = 2 . 1 = 4 . 2 = . 3 = . . 1 1 2 . 1. 4, 3, TSH

2. 4, 3 . TSH , . ( ). ....0% 2 3 . 4, 3 , TSH , (). . , , . . ....10-20% 1.3.12. . ) . . ) . 1. . 2. . 3. Hurthle cell (80% -20% ) 4. 5. 6. . 1 : 67% [3 ] 2. , , . ... >67% [1 ] 3. , , (.. ) (. . ). ... >67% [3 ] 1.3.16. . . () 21 11-. . 1 21- . . . . . ..20% 2 21- : , , . : , , .

, 17-, , . . . ....20-55% 3 2 , . 2 . . ....25-60% 4 : . : , , . , 17- , . . . ... >67% [3 ] . .35% [ ] 5 4 : , , .

4 : . , , , - .. ....100% 1.3.17. . () . . . . . . . , . . 1) . ... >67% [3 ] ...20% [ ] 2) . ..30% 1.3.18. ( Addison) . . : . .

, , , , . , , , , , ACTH. , . ... >67% [2 ] (, , ) ( = ). ... >80% [2 ] : - .20-40% - > 55% 1.3.19. Cushing . Cushing. : 1. ACTH ( Cushing). 2. ( Cushing). 3. . 4. . 5. ACTH. . 1 Cushing , , , , , ACTH.

, ACTH, , . 1. ACTH. ... >67% .. 2. , . ... >67% [3 ] ... 30% 3. , , . ..60 80% 2 ( Cushing) (. 1.3.2) 3 . , ACTH, . . ... >67% [3 ] ..30% [1 ] - .20% [ ] 1.3.20. (Apudomas) .

( ) ( ). . 1 : 90% . . 67% [3 ] ...40% [ ] - ( )..90-100% : 60%

, . , , , . . . - ...>67% [5 ] ...30% [ ]

- ...100% ( Verner-Morrison , , , , . , , VIP . - >67% [3 ] ...30% [ ] - ...100% 3 ( Zollinger-Ellison) >60% , . >100 pg/ml, (). - (. ) - 250% - ...100% 1.3.21. (MEN: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia) . APUD (Amine Precursor Uptake Decarboxylation) . . : 1) H MEN I: , , . 2) MEN II: , , , MEN I: . .

1 . (). (, Cushing, , ). Zollinger-Ellison. / . . . - (, ) ..50% - ..70-90% ..100% 2 . . (. ). . . . 90-100% ( , . , ). ( , , ). 1.4.

1.4.1. .

. (, ...), ( ), , ... . . , , Ca ( ) Ca , . . 1 FVC/FVC pred 0,8-0,6 . ..5-10% 2 FVC/FVC pred 0,6-0,5 . 20-40% [1 ] 3 FVC/FVC pred 80 (100%)

1.5.13 . / . ( ) 1) (5%). 2) . . 3) (1% - ). 4) . .

5) (20 30%) . . 6) . 3 7 , . 7) . . , . . 3,5% 20% , . 10 15% . 2% . : 1) (. ). 2) : ) , , ) . 3) . 4) . 5) "" . ....80% ( ) ( ). : ) 1 ...35 50% 2 ...50% 3 ...67 80% 4 ...100% (. ). ) 1 .35 50%

2 .50% 3 .67 80% 4 ..100% (. ) [: 1 . 35 50%. (, )].

1.5.14 (PTCA) . , ( ) . 2 2,5 cm. . 3 9 . 30 60 sec. 3 4 . 20%. 85 90%. : 1- 2%. (98%). 3 5% (8,8% ). . 20 30% ( 15 30%) 6 . >50% . ST . (), , : ( Stents), Laser, , . (, , ),

, (. ), , ...) - .80% - 4 : ) ( >60%) ( )..35 50% ) ( >60%), ..10 20% ) ( 50 60%) / ( 1 )...50% ) ( 35 50%) / ( . )..67% ) ( 80%

1.5.15. , . (IV) . (52%) (40%). 85% 75% 5. . . .100%

-

4 80% ( )

1.6. 1.6.1. . : ( ). 1. : . 2. : . . 1 1. : , . 2. : , , , .

1. 2. , , , IgA . , , HCl, Helicobacter pylori. 1520% ....0 5% . ...0 5% 10 15% ......15 20% [3 ] (bile reflux)...................................................15% .70 80%

-

2 : . .

...60 80% ..100% .....20 50% [2 ] ....50% [6 ] .20%

1.6.2. . : . : - ( , ) - ( ) . ( ). 95% . , . . 1

. ( ). . (). , , . . ..60 80% [3 ] . 10%

. , .

. , . . . (). ...70 100% 2 : (, , ) . . . ...100%

1.6.3. . . (, ,, , ) (, , ). Peutz - Jeghers . . 1 . : , . . : 1. 2. 3. ( , ). : , , . . . . Peutz Jeghers: , . ( ) .

. : . . 5 - HT (5-). 1. (flush). 2. ( ). 3. ( , ). 4. . 5. ( ). 6. . : . . : . . ...5% . : . . (). ..67 - 80% ( . 6) . Peutz Jeghers: .....10% . ...30 - 50% ...50 70%

1.6.4. . , . , . . 1

. . . . . .....20% 2

5 10 , . , . . . ...55% [3 ] 35 50% . 3 ( ) - , , , , , , , . , , , , 2-. , . . : , , . . : : , . : . : , . : , , , .

. (67% .

1.6.5. Crohn . , , . 10 - 40 . : 1/3 , 1/3 , 1/3 + . 40% . .

. 1 . . 1. ( ) 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. (, ) . 1. 2. (, ) 3. ( , ) 4. ( , ) 5. ( ) 6. ( , ) 7. (, ) 8. : ) , ) , ) , ) .

, . (. . 6) ....60% [2 ] ....20%

1.6.6 - . ( ) ( ). , . . . , , , . .

. 1. . , , . Zenker. 12/ . . . . : , , . , : , , , . .

2. 3.

4. 5.

, , . . , . ...5 10% , . . 6.

1.6.7. . . 6 . : , , ( , , , ), (, ), ( ), . A, B, C . C MnA-MnB MnA-MnB .

. 1. . , , , , , , , . , , . IgM HAV-total . 3 (HbcAg-HbeAgHbsAg) DNA . , C ( HDV -HCV ).

. . . 3-16 . , C, . 80% [3 ] . 2. ) , , . , HbsAg . . . .....10% ) . , IgG, IgM - , . . . . .

.........67% ..>80%

1.6.8. ( ). : ) () ) () ) () )

. 1 . () . . () . 20% . 20% . ,

, , . ] . . 6. . . (6 ) .....60 - 80% [4

. .... ..60 - 80% 4

1.6.9. . . : , ( ), , ( , ), (, Wilson, ), ..

. 1 , . ( , , ). - . - . - - . - BSP - . - . . . . ..>67% 2 ( ) ....

: - , , - ( ) - - - - - - , , - ( ) , , , . 1. ( ) 2. 3. . (35%) 5. . ....80 - 100%

1.6.10. . . , ( ), . , , ( )

. 1 - -

: 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. .... 10% . 6 2 : 1) , , , , 2) 3) . : . . ......60 - 80%

1.6.11. . () (). . , (, ).

. 1 1. . 2.

3. 4.

-

1. 1- 2. (, GT, , ) 3. ( 50% ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. 7. 8. . . . . .......100%

1.6.12. . . 90% , , .

. 1 . . ........0 - 5% . . 6.

.

. ........0 - 10% . . 6.

. . . 6. 2 1. ( , , , ). . . .....60% [1 ] 2. . . . . (. . 6) 3. . . , , , . . . (. . 6) 4. . . . . . (. . 6) 5. ( , , , ) ( ).

. . .....60% [1 ] 6. . , . . 7. . , , , . . 8. . . .

1.6.13. . , , , . , . : 1. . 2. . 3. (). 4. (, ). 5. (, ). : ) ) .

. 1

, , , . : , , , , , shock. . . , . . . , . . . : , 70% [3 ] : . 70 80% .70% [3 ] .35 67%

: - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - .

1.6.14. . : 1. ( ). 2. ( ). 3. (). . 4. ( ). 5. .

. 1

. . . , , . . . . . .0 5% . . . (. . 6) 2 . . . : 1. 2. 3. 4. . (. . 6) ).....80 100% ( . . . NaCl

. :

1.6.15. . 90% , 10% .

4 ( ).

. 1 . 1. . 2. , . 3. , . 4. . 5. ( ). 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. ( ) . 10. (Cushimg, ). : 1. . 2. . 3. (ERCP). . , 95%. .80%

1.7 1.7.1. (). : . . . . .

. 1 , , .

1) , . 2) : 100.000/ml . 3) . . 30% [2 ] 2 . , , , , . 1) , . 2) . 3) . 4) . 5) , clearance . 6) . . . 67% 80% ...67 ......55

1.7.2.

. . . .

. . 2g . . . ......67% ...80%

1.7.3. . ( ) . . Gram . . .

. . , , .

, , , , . . . ....40% [6 ] 55 67% ...>67%

-

1.7.4. . (, Grawitz, ) .

. , , , , , , . , , . , , , . . . 5 45%. 65%. .67% , , ...80 100%

1.7.5.

. ( ) . : ) : , , , (Henoch Schnlein), , , .. ) : . ) : , , , . .

. 1 . . . . : ) , 4g/24h. ) . : ) : - -. ) . . ..67 - 80%

1.7.6 . . , ,

, , , , .

. 1 ) . ) (, , , , ). ) (, , ). . . , , clearance . Clearance 80% ...67% [2 ] ...80%

1.7.8. . , .

. 1 ) . Gram Staphylococcus aureus. , , , . ) . .

. . ..5 10% [1 ] ..20%

1.8. 1.8.1. , , . . , .

. 1 , (=3x106) . ..10 - 20% 2 ( , , , , ). ..20 - 30%

1.8.2. . - . .

. . ( ). . ..0 - 4%

1.8.3. . - . ( 21).

. , , , , (, ) . ( ). Barr. . ..0 - 4%

1.8.4. Turner ( ).

. , , , , , , , . 45, . Barr.

. 1 , . . , . ..15% , , ...50% , , , petit mal ..67% ...80%

2 , . .30% ...50% ..60% ...67% ..80%

1.8.5.

. .

. 1 . . . . 0 - 10% . , , , (DES) .

. 1 : 0 (Ca in situ) . . . ..10 - 20% 2 : . . .

..40 - 50% [2 ] 3 : II , . . . .....67% [2 ] 4 : III-IV (III). (IV). . ..80% [2 ]

1.8.6. . ( ).

. 1 ( V): .. . . ..0 - 5%

1.8.7.

. .

. 1 , , . (U/S) . . ..0 - 5% 2 40 . ..0 - 5% 3 40 . ...30% [2 ]

1.8.8. . , ( , , ), .

. . Test Pap, , . ( ) . .......0% 0 .......................................................................................................0% - ....................................20% [] - .............70% [2 ] - ................20% [2 ] , I, ( )...70% [2 ] ( )..80% [2 ] IV ( )..80%

-

-

1.8.9. . . . , , .

. 1 . Test Pap, , Mi- Mark, , . .

2 : .67% 2 ....67% .80%

1.8.10. . .

. 1 : , , .. . . ......10 - 20% [2 ] 2 : . . . .....30 - 40% [2 ] 3 : .

. ...67% [2 ] 4 : IV . . . .....80% [2 ]

1.8.11. Steln - Leventhal. .

. 1 , , , . - - ( 17-OHPRG). . ..0 - 5%

1.8.12. .. , , . , , , , , , .

- . - (FSH LH SHBG 17-OH-PRG). - .

. 1 . . 50 . . . ...5% 2 . . 35 , . .....15%

1.8.13. : . , . : , , , Brenner, .

.

, . . . , 45 ....0 5% , 45 ..0 5% 45...0 5% 45 ...15%

1.8.14. : . 6% . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , .

. 1 , , , , , , . , , , , , , .

, , . I 5 60%.40 50% [2 ] II 5 40%....67% [2 ] III 5 7%..80% [2 ] IV ( )80%

1.9. 1.9.1. . . : 1. 2. (). .

. 1 1. : . 2. : . , , , , , Raynaud, . LE cell test . , , , Coombs, -DNA Sm HLA DR2-DR3. ( ). . . . : . ..0 5%

-

- ...35-50% - ..>67%

2 , : , , , , , , . . . ...>67% ....80 100%

1.9.2. . , , , , . . .

. 1 Raynaud. , , . , , . . , , 35%, Scl-70 , . .

.25 50% 2 . . . . . .50 - 80% 3 ( ), ( ), . . . ...80 100%

1.9.3. - . . . .

. 1 :

) , . ) . ) (, , ). ) . . . . .35 50% 2 ( ), , , , . . . , , , . , . ) , , . ) . ) , . .70 80%

1.9.4. . . .

.

1 , , , . , , , , . , , . . . ..50 - 67% 2 1) : , . 2) : . 3) : , , , . 4) : . 5) : , . 6) , . . (HsAg), 30 50% . . .80%

1.10. 1.10.1. . . . . , , , , . = cm 100.

. 1 20 50% . . ..0 - 5% 2 50 100% . . ..10 - 20% 3 >100%, , . , . .

>67% [2 ]

1.10.2. . , . , , (IDDM, Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) .

. 1 , , (). > 140 mg/dl, , () (). (HbAlc) > 8mg%. 1. MODI. 5 - 15%

2.

( ). ..50 - 60% 3. () . (), . 80 - 100%

2 , , .

Hb 8 mg%, , . . . ..40 - 60% 3 , , , . . -

. HbAlc. . :

. . .

. . ..60 80% ..80 100%

1.10.3. . . , . pH . .

. 1 . . : ( ) , . . . .....0 5% . ....5%

2 : , , , , , , . ( ), , . . : 1 ...20 25% [15 20 ] 2 .25 40% [15 20 ] 3 50 60% [15 20 ] .10%

3 , , . , (), , (), .

, , , , . . ...35% ..50 67% 180 mmHg55 80% + 80 100%

2. 2.1. . , , , , , (, , , ), , . , , , . , .

. 1 , , , , . . . . . ..10 - 15%

2 , , ( ) , . . , . ..20 35% [1 2 ] 3 , . . , , . .50 - 80% [1 3 ]

2.2. . , , . , , . . BCE (, , Laser) . , , . .

. 1

() () . . . ( ). . . ..0 - 5% 2 (, , ) . . . . . ...5 - 20% [1 2 ]

2.3. . , , . (, , , , , ). , , . , , , , .

. 1 , , , , . . . . , . ..50 - 67% [1 2 ]

2 , , , . . . . . .67 - 80% [1 3 ]

2.4. () ( ). . , . , . , . , ,

, , . , , ( ). , ( ) . , , , . tests (patch tests) () (. . 8). . .

. 1 . . , , . . .0 - 5% [1/2 1 ] 2 , , . . . . ( ) . .5 - 15% [1 2 ] 3 ( ). . .

. . . , . ...15 - 30% [3 1 ] 4 . ( .. ). . ( ) . . . . .35 - 50% [1 2 ]

2.5. - . , , , , , . ( ), , () . , . , , . . , .

. . , , , , (. ).

. 1 , , . . , . . . .5 - 15% [1 3 ] 2 , , . . . , , . . ...20 - 50% [6 1 ]

2.6. . . , , . .

, , . ( ) . , .

. 1 , . . . . . , . .0 - 5% [1/2 1 ] 2 , . , , . . . . . . ...10 - 20% [2 6 ] 2 ..

2.7. . , , . , , , ,

, , , , , . . , . , , , , , . .. , .. .

. 1 , . . . ... 5% [1 ] 2 (, , ). . . . . ...10 - 20% [2 1 ] 3 , ,

. . . . , . . 20 - 35% [6 2 ]

2.8. . . . , , , , , . . , , , , . . ( , , ). , ( , , ). ( ). , , , , .

. 1 , , , , , , . .

. . ... 5% [1 ] 2 , , , , , . . . . . ...10 - 20% [3 6 ] 3 , (). , , . , , . . . , . . ...25 - 50% [6 1 ]

2.9. ( Hansen). Hansen . , , ,

. ( 12 15 ) . , , 1950 . (, , ) , , , , , ( , , ). . .

. . , , . ..80% [1 2 ] , . 1 . . . . . ..10 - 25% [6 2 ] 2

, . . . . . . . . . .35 - 50% [1 3 ] 3 , . ( ). . . . . . . . 67 - 80% [3 ]

2.10. . ( , , , , ) , Koch ( ) (). , , , . , . , , .

, . ( ) . .. , , .

. 1 , . . (, , ) . . ...5 - 10% [6 ] 2 , . . , . , . ..10 - 20% [6 1 ] 3 , , ( ) . , .

, . . , . .25 - 50% [1 2 ]

2.11. . . , . , . . . ( ) , .

. 1 , , . . . . . . ..10 - 20% 2 , , , , .

. . . . . . .25 - 50% [1 2 ] 3 , , . . . . . . ...50 - 80% [1 3 ]

2.12. . . , ( ) , , , , . ( 4 ). , , 2 4 : , , , , 1 10 . . ( ), ,

, , .

2.13. (AIDS). , ( ) (. . 1), , , , . , 1985 . , , . , , , , , ( ). 1) ( ) 2) ( ). . , , , , , , , . . , , carinii, Kaposi. , , .

. 1 , . . .

. . , . . , . .50 - 67% [1 2 ] 2 . . , . .80% [2 3 ]

2.14. ( Meleda).

, , , . ( ). ( ) , . 20% 50% , .

2.15. . ( , ). , , , . , , (, ). () . . , , , , ( ). .

. 1 , . . , , . ....5 - 15% 2 . .

. ..20 - 35% 3 , , , . . . . .50%

2.16. . , , , , . , , , ( ) . , , , , . . , . , . , ( ) . , , .

2.17.

. , , , . , , , . . . , ( ) ( ). . , . , , , , (, , ) . .

. 1 . . . . . .5 - 20% [1 6 ] 2 , .

. . . . ...25 - 40% [6 1 ] 3 . , . . . . . . .50 - 67% [1 2 ]

2.18. . , (, , ) , . , , Mucha Haperman , . , . 20 50% , , . , , . , (. ), . .

2.19. *

. , ( ) , . , . . , ( , ). , . , 2 , , , , , , . (, , , , , ). , . , .

. 1 1 , . , . . . .20 - 35% [1 2 ] 2 2 . . . , , .

. . . . 3 . ...50 - 67% [2 3 ] 3 2 , , , , , , . 3 .* .

. . . .80% [2 ]

2.20. 2.20.1. . . . . , . , .

2.20.2. .

, , . . . , , , . . .

2.20.3. . , . , , . ( , , ) , , , , , , , . . , , . .

. 1 , . . . . . . 5 20% [3 6 ] 2 , , . , . .

. . . . ..25-35%[6 -1 ] 3 , , . . . . . . . ] 2.21. 2.21.1. . ( , , , ) . , . . . , 0% 20%. 2.21.2. . , , , , , . .40-67%[1-3

. . Raynaud . . . , , . , . . 1 , , . . . . . . ...50-67%[1-3 ] 2 (, , , , , ). . . . . . . ] 2.22. () . ..80%[3 -

, , , , . , , , . , , , . . , . , , . . 1 , . . . ....25-50%[1-2 ] 2 , , . . . . , . ...67-80%[2-4 ] 2.23. .

, , . , , , . , , , , . , . . . (, , ) . . . 1 , . . . . . . ..35-50%[1-2 ] 2 . . , , . . . . . . , .

.67-80%[2-3 ] 2.24. EHCET . , , (, ). , , . . . , , , ( ). , , , . 2.25. . . 1) , 2) , , , , 3) , . , . . . 1 , . .

. . . ...20-35%[36 ] 2 . . . . , . . .50-67%[1-2 ] 2.26. . , , , , , . , . , . . , , . , , (, ...) , . 2.27. KAPOSI ( AIDS)

. , , . . , . , . , , , , . . . . . 1 , , , . ( ) . . , . . . . ..25-50%[1-2 ] 2 , . . . . . ...67-80%[2-3 ] 2.28.

. . . , , ( ) . . , , , . , , , , (3 6 ) 35-50% . 2.29. DUHRING . , , , , . , , . , . . . . 1 , , . . . . ...20-35%[3 1 ] 2 , ,

. . ( ). . . , . .50-67%[1 -2 ] 2.30. () . . . , , , , , , . . . , (, ...) . , , , .. 35 50%. .. . . 2.31. RECKLINGHAUSEN . . , ( ).

, . ( , , ) ( , , ). , . , . . 1 ( ), , . , , , . . .10-20% 2 ( ), , . . ( ) . .25-50% 3 , , , .

. . . ..50-67% .. 1-2 2.32. . . , 1 2 . . , . , . . . , , , , 35-50% 3-6 . 2.33. ) . . (, ). , , . , , . . , BUSCHKE (

( ), ( ) 20% 50% 6 2 . 3.

3.1. ,

3.1.1. . . , (Alzheimer Pick), , , . .50-80% [1-2 ]

3.1.2. . . .. . ..50-67% ( 6 ) 8% 10% . ...67-80% [1-2 ]

3.1.3. - (. ) - . .67-80% -

.50-67%

- . . ..67-80%

3.1.4. 15 16 . : - , . ...5-15% - . .20-35% - , . ..5067% - . .67-80%

3.2. , . , . , .

3.2.1. - . . , . , 15 16 . . : . . . . ..80% [2 ] - . . . . . .80% [2 ] 30 . . , . . .80% [2 ]

: . 30 . . . . ..80% [2 ] . , (). . . . , , . . . : . . . ...80% [2 ]

, . . . .80% [2 ] . . . . . .50-80% [1-2 ] . 5-10% . , . , , , . , . . . .50-80% [1-2 ] . , , . .

.

.80% [2 ]

, . . .67-80% [1-2 ]

3.2.2. ().

( ) (). (), ( ). ( ). 5% 30-35 , . . 1. : , , (, ), , . , , .. Bell. 2. (): , , . (, , , , ), , . , , . , , libido, , .

, stupor, . . . . . , ECT, . . , , . : , , . ... . . . . . . 1 . . . . . .35-50% [1-2 ] 2 ... . ... . (1/2-3 ) (>6 ). . (). .35-50% [1-2 ] 3 .

. , , , . .67-80% [1-2 ] 4 . ( Bell). (stupor). ...80% [3 ]

3.2.3. .

. .

(3:1) 45-55 50-60 . . , , .. . . . . , . . . ECT, ... . 1 ECT . . ...50-67% [1-2 ] .

2 . ECT . ] 1-2 . ..67-80% [1-2

. . . , , ( ). . . ECT , ... .50-80% [2-3 ]

. . . . (). .67-80% [2-3 ]

3.2.4. . , , .. .50-80% [2-3 ]

3.2.5. . , , , ..

, . .35-67% [3 ]

3.3 3.3.1. , , . . , . 1 () 2 ( ) : . : . . . 1 . .0-10% 2 . . .15-20%[6 ]

. : . 1 . . .0-15% 2 . . .10-50% 6 2 , , , . . : , , , , ... 1 . . .0-10%

2 . . .10-35%[1 ]

, . 1 . K. .10-20%[3 ] 2 , , . . .20-35%[3 6 1 ] , , , , , . . 1 , . . . .20-50% 2 , . .

.67-80% , , . . . .0-10% ( ). . .10-35%

3.3.2. , . ( ). : , , , , , .. , , , . . .5-20% , , .. . .50-80%

3.3.3. . . , .

, . . .35-50% 3.4. 3.4.1. , , ( ) , . . . : , , (, ) (, ) , LSD, , ( ). , . (, , , , , ) 50% 67% 80% ( , ). . . .67-80% (, ...) . , ( ) . ... .

3.4.2. () , ( ), . , . . ) - ( ) . - ( ). 67 80% ( 50%) ) ( ) ( ) ( ). ( ). - .67-80% - 80% ( ...) . : - 50% - 67-80%

3.4.3. , ( ).

: (, , , , ...), . . . (body image). : , , , . , ( ) (, , ...) ..35-50% ..5-10% ...35% . ( ) . , , , ... . 3.4.4. stress (, , , , ). , . . ( , ...) . 67-80% , , , , . (Leonard & Kliest) . . 50-67%

3.5. 3.5.1. () , , , , . . .10-80% () 10-80% 3.5.2. 1) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ]

67-80%

[2

2) ) ) ) V. Boggart . 67- 80% [2 ]

3.5.3.

( ). . : . 80% . 3.6.

3.6.1. Parkinson : ..50-67% ..67% ...80%

3.6.2. ...10-35% Huntington ( ) 40 . 67-80% [1-2 ] , Gilles de la Tourette, .0-50% ... . Sydenham (St. Vitus Dance) 5 15 , 2 6 .

. 10-35% [1 ] .50%-67% [1 ] ... 10%

3.6.3. . (, , , , , ). . . Friedreich, , ( ), . ( ). 80% 1)Holmes, 2)Marie, 3)Dejerine Thomas, 4)Shy Dranger, 5)Refsum, 6)B , 7) , 8) . 67-80% ( ) : (Steel Richardson Olszewski) Parkinson . ..80% -- , Rumsey-Hunt . (Stumbel Lorrain) . . ...67-80%

3.6.4. Charcot Charcot ( ). : .

: , . , . . ) . (). . ) . ( , , ).

) . .) . . . ...67-80%

3.6.5. () , . 20-40 . . - ..20-30% - ...40-50% - ..60-80% 3.7.

3.7.1. . . . . ..35%- 80%[2 ]

3.7.2. -- (Devic) . . ..67%-80% [2 ]

3.7.3. , , . . . , , (Babinsky ..) , ... , (), , .. :) ( ) ) : . ) () (). ( ) () ...20-25% ..25-35% .35-50% 50-67% ...35-50% .50-67% ..67-80% .>80% .

. .

3.7.4. , . 50-80%

3.7.5. . ()

() , . .80% 80% 67-80% . () () , , (). .25-35% 35-50% .67% .67-80% .80% . . .67-80% V. (. ) V. . 20-30% 30-50% ...50-70%

20%

3.7.6. : . 1% (Hauser Kurlankol). : , , , . , , . : ( ) : , , , , , , , , , ... . . (, , ) ) (Grand mal) ) (Petit mal) ) () ) ) ( ) ) . () ( ) ) ( ) 1. (Jackson) 2. (, , , , ) 3. ) ( ) . , . , . (Petit mal varian Unvericht Lundaborg) . .. (80%). (, , , ...) .. .. . .........................................50-80%

( 35%) .. ) ) ) ) / ( , ), . ) , , (epileptic deterioration).

3.7.7.

.15%

3.8. 3.8.1.

15% 5-10% ...25% .5-20% .........................................................................15-80%

3.8.2.

25% .5-10% .10-15%

3.8.3.

.5%

: .30% ..5-25% .15% ..5-10% ..20% .10-15% : . - ..10% ........5-10% ..15-20% 10-15% - - ..15% ........10-15% 10% .5-10% 50%

3.8.4.

Dejerine Sottas : . .35% Charcot Marie Tooth . : , , . . , , 10. .35%

3.8.5.

Guillain Barre - . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .

3.9. 3.9.1. . 35% 80% 3 . 3.9.2.

..35-80%

3.9.3.

.10-50% 3.9.4.

10-80% 3.9.5. , , . , , , ..10-18% [1-7 ]

3.9.6.

.35-80% . .10-80%.

3.9.7.

, . 50-80% . . 3.10.

3.10.1.

.

. , . . ) , , ) , ) . , (, , ...) test ( ..) . . , , , . 1 : ..35% [1 ] 2 : , , , ...............................................................50-67% [2 ] 3 : , , ............................................................80-100% [3 ] . , , , , .. (. ). . 24 (-, - ). . .

..35-50%

3.10.2.

. , , , . : , , , , (, CPK, ..) . ( Duchene). 2 5 , , , , . . Becker: Duchene: 25 . . : . V. -- ( Landuzy-Dejerine): , , . V. . VI. . VII. . . .50-80% . . ( Steinert) , , , , . , , , . . 20 40 15-20 . ..35-80% . ( Thomsen)

( ). , , .. . ..35-67% 80%

3.10.3.

, ,

. ( 20) , , .. . . . ..25-67% . () ( , CPT). (- ..) ..15-25% 35-50% .

3.10.4.

( ) ( , , ) 60% (. , .2). . . : . . () . 35-50% ...50-80% 4.

4.1.

( ), . 25-30 . , ( ). , , : , , , . , , . , . , , ( , , , ), . ( ) .

4.1.1. ) . . ..0% ..5-10% ) . 11/2 . . ..5-10%

4.1.2. . 1 1/2 . (/) . , . ) . ..=0% =0%

: (. .4.1.9). ) . . . , (. . 4.1.8). ..=0% =0% .4.1.9). (.

) ..=0% =0% . , ... (. . 4.1.8).

4.1.3. . (1-1 1/2 ), 4cm , . ..=0% =0% 4cm =5% =3% (. . 4.1.8).

4.1.4. . , , , . , [ (F) 8-10 kg ]. .=0% =0% .=5-10% =0% ( ).

4.1.5. . , . =0% =0%

4.1.6. (, , ). , , . . , . . , , , : ...=0% =0% ( ) =1015% =5% . ..=25-30% =15-20% ( ). . . , : , , , , . (1-4 ) , , . 1-4 ( )..=0-5% =0% 4 , ..=10% =5% ( ).

4.1.7. ( ). =0% =0% ( )=5% =0%

. , . . . 1-1 1/2 , . /. .=0% =0% 15 ..=5% =0% . . (1-11/2 ) =0% =0% (, , )=10% =5% . . , 3 . , ( ). . . =0% =0% 20 .=510% =5% 6 ..=5-10% =5% 2 .=10-15% =5% , . [ .()]. . ( ..() ). . , ( ), . , . , , .. , (

). ( ), . . , , . . .. . =0% =0% .. ( , , ...)..=0-5% =05% , ..=5-10% =5-10% , . .4.1.9. , .( ). , . ( ) . . , , .( ). . .=0% =0% , .. =0-5% =0% (..4.1.9.), . . . , , ( ..) . , , , ( ).

, .. . . , ( ) . (.4.1.) . . , . ( ), , (. . 4.1.9. , , . , , , , /, , , , .

4.1. .. . . . )

, ) , ) , ) , ) ) ) . . . . V (). . (). . (). . .

4.1.8. ) . , . , . , , ....=0% =0% , ...=5% =0% ) . . =0% =0% =5% =5% )

. , . , , ( ). 6..=50-70% =50-70%

( , ), .=20-50% =15-35%

4.1.9. : , , , . , : =30, =150, =90, =90, 40, =40, ( )=180 (4.2.). . , , . : > 90 > .=10% =0% : < 90 < .=20% =15% : =30% =20% , 5% 20 20 45

, , ( ). =40-50% =25-35% . , .

. 4.2. 4.1.10. . , . . 30, 45, 20. =35% =30%

(0 ) ..=40% =30% ..=50% =40% 4.1.11. ( , ) . , , , . ( ). ..=80% =80% ..=80% =80% : ..=67% =67% ..=60% =60% =60% =60% 4.1.12. ( ) : , , , ( ). , , . , , ( . .4.1.9) 5% 10%. . TBC ( , TBC ). . , , , , ,

. , () . - TBC , ..=5% =5% - , , , () ..=10-15% =10-15% - , . . 4.1.9. 4.1.10. 4.2. 4.2.1.

( ), (), , ( ) . : . ) . ) - . ) . , 2-4 . ..=0% =0% - .. . - , . (.. 150-0) (.. 90). . . 4.2.8. - . [ . ]. 4.2.2. , . .

( ) .=15% =10% (: 4.2.8./4.4.1./4.4.4). . . 4.2.3. : , . - ( 130).=5% =3% - ( 130)...=8% =6% - , (. :4.2.8, 4.4.1, 4.4.4). 4.2.4. ( ) . . ( & ) . - , 15...=0% =0% - 15=5% =0% - 3 ..=0% =0% - 3 ..=5% =5% - . 4.2.7. 4.2.5. Monteggla Galeazzi

Monteggia .

- .=0-5% =0-5% : Monteggia () Monteggia (). , . 4.2.8, 4.4.1, 4.4.4. Galeazzi . .

- ..=0% =0% - ...=30% =25% 4.2.6. (Colles Smith) 1. ( ) (Colles). - , .=0-5% =0-3% - , . . - =10% =8% - ..=15% =12% - .=20% =15% 2. . Smith. Colles. () . 4.2.7. . , .

- =40% =30% - =25% =15% - ..=30% =25% 4.2.8. ( ) (. 4.3).

. - 0110...=5% =4% - 30-135=10% =8% - 45-145.=10% =8% - 45-110.=15% =12% - 60-100.=20% =16% - 0-60.=30% =24% - 0-45.=40% =35% (110-45) (. 4.4):

00-900 . 4.4.

- 40.=5% =4% - 40.=5% =4% , ..=7% =5% , ....=10% =8% - ...=15% =10% .=20% =15% ..=35% =25% 4.2.9. ( ) . 90 110 (0) . : - . 0-40.=40% =35% 40-90...=35% =30% 90-110.=30% =25% 110-130...=35% =30% 130-150...=40% =35% 90-110 0=30% =25% >45..=35% =30% >45..=40% =35% 120 - 135 0=40% =35% >45..=45% =40% >45..=50% =45% 20 - 45

-

-

0=45% =40% >45..=50% =45% >45..=55% =50% 4.2.10 ( , ) ( ). =60-70% =50-60% ( ) . [ () ]. , 8 8 . : - ..=60-70% =50-60% - .=45-55% =35-45% - =45-55% =35-45% 4.2.11 A ( ....) - . - 4.2.8. - 4.2.9. 4.2.12 , , . .

- () (). - () ( ). 60. 4.2.8. 20% . 4.3. 4.3.1. . . , . . 1 (45-60 ). . , , . ...=0-10% =0-5% 6 , . 2 , . . .

, . ..=10-15% =5-15% 1 , .. . 3 , . .=10-25% =15-20% 4.3.2. , - . . , , , . . . 1o . . . . .=0-10% =0-5% 6 . 2 , . .

/ . . . . .=10-20% =5-15% 1 , .. . 3 , (), , . . . . . .=20-30% =20-25%[1-2 ] 4.3.3. . . . . ( ). . .=5-10% =0-5% . 4.3.4. .

. . . . . . . .=0-10% =0-5% 6 . Sudeck . 4.3.5. Bennet . 1 , . : . . 1o . . . .=0-10% =0-5% 6 . 2 . .

. . . . .=10-20% =5-10% 4.3.6. . , 5 . . . 1 . . . .0% 2 . . . . .0-5% ..=5-15% =5-10% 4.3.7.

. , . . . 4.3.8.

. . . . 1 . . - 0% - ..=0-5% =0-3% - ..0-3% - .3-5% - ..5%-10% 4.3.9. .

. .

4.3.10. . - . - . - , ... (. ). . 1 . : . . . =10-15% =5-10%[1-2 ] 2 . . : . . . . =20-35% =15-25%[1-2 ]

4.3.11

, . , . , , (. ) . 4.3.12 . . . : ) ( 90), ) ( 90), ) ( 20), ) ( 30) (.4.5).

, . 20 10. . : , , , . Sudeck. : - :30-45..=5-10% =0% :25-35..=0-5% =0%

- :20-30..=0% =0% :10-25..=5-10% =0-5% - :5-20..=0% =0% :5-10..=10-20% =5-10% - . - .. .. , . . (. ) . . - , 30-45 ..=10-15% =5-10% - . 0..=15% =10% - 45 ...=20-30% =10-20% - 10-20..=15-20% =10-15% - 20-45.=20-40% =15-35% - 45 ...45-50% =35-45% , ... .. .. , .. . . . : , , , . :

1) : 80 (0) . 20. 2) : 50 (0) . 3) : ) 15 (0) , ) (. 4.6.). . 4 . , .

. , , , , : 1) 2 2 : 90 . 2) 1 1 : 100 .

3) : 90, 45, (. 4.7).

, . 20-70 ( ). ..0% . 1) 0-20 3% 3% 3% 70-90 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3%

4% 3% 3%

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2)

3% 0% 3% 3% 0% 2% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0%

3% 0% 2% 2% 0% 2% 2% 0% 1% 1% 0%

3% 1% 3% 3% 1% 3% 3% 0% 2% 2% 0%

3% 1% 3% 3% 1% 3% 3% 0% 2% 2% 0%

()

0-20 70-90 8% 9% 6% 8% 5% 6% 4% 5% 4% 5% 3% 4% 3% 4% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 4% 5% 3% 3% 1 .. 3% 4% 2% 3% 2 .. 2% 3% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% 1% 4% 4% 3% 4% ... 3% 3% 2% 3% 2 .. 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3) ... 1 .. 0- 70- 20 90 20-70 4% 5% 8% 9% 6% 8% 3% 4% 6% 8% 5% 6% 2% 3% 4% 5% 4% 4% 1% 2% 3% 4% 2% 2% 1% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2%

4) - - - - - - - - - - 0-20 16% 13% 11% 11% 12% 10% 10% 7% 7% 5% 7090 15% 19% 13% 13% 16% 11% 12% 14% 10% 12% 14% 10% 12% 14% 10% 11% 13% 9% 10% 12% 9% 8% 10% 7% 8% 9% 7% 7% 8% 5% 20-70 7% 9% 6% 8% 5% 7% 5% 7% 5% 7% 4% 6% 4% 5% 3% 5% 3% 5% 2% 4%

5) 0-20 20% 18% 18% 16% 16% 14% 14% 14% 12% 10% 70- 90 20-70 9% 12% 20% 24% 17% 8% 11% 19% 23% 16% 8% 11% 19% 22% 16% 7% 10% 17% 20% 14% 7% 10% 16% 19% 13% 6% 9% 15% 18% 12% 6% 9% 15% 18% 12% 6% 9% 15% 18% 12% 5% 8% 14% 16% 11% 4% 7% 11% 13% 9%

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

6) 0-20 23% 23% 21% 18% 17% 7090 28% 24% 20% 23% 28% 20% 22% 26% 18% 20% 23% 16% 18% 22% 15% 20-70 10% 14% 10% 14% 13% 9% 8% 12% 7% 11%

--- --- --- --- ---

7) - 0-20..=25% =20% - 70-90=30% =25% - 20-70.=20% =15% . . , . 25-45 . 1) . 0-25 25-45 45 12% 8% 6% 6% 5% 2% 5% 5% 2% 5% 5% 1% 4% 3% 1% 12% 8% 6% 7% 5% 1% 5% 5% 1% 4% 4% 1% 3% 2% 0% 7% 6% 5% 6% 5% 1% 4% 4% 1% 4% 4% 1% 3% 2% 0% 15% 10% 8% 8% 6% 2% 6% 6% 2% 5% 5% 1% 4% 3% 1% 12% 8% 6% 6% 5% 2% 6% 6% 2% 5% 5% 1% 4% 3% 1%

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 15% 10% 8% 8% 6% 2% 6% 6% 2% 5% 5% 1% 4% 3% 1%

2)

- 1 0-25 18% 12% 10% 7% 6% 15% 10% 8% 5% 5% 25-45 15% 10% 8% 4% 4% 12% 8% 6% 4% 4% 45 20% 25% 12% 15% 8% 10% 6% 8% 6% 7%

- 1 2 0-25 9% 7% 5% 5% 8% 6% 4% 4% 25-45 7% 5% 4% 2% 6% 4% 4% 2% 45 8% 10% 6% 7% 4% 5% 4% 5%

- 2 0-25 8% 6% 5% 4% 3) (. .) & 18% 15% 10% 7% 6% 15% 12% 8% 6% 5% 15% 12% 8% 4% 4% 12% 10% 7% 4% 4% 25% 15% 10% 8% 7% 20% 12% 8% 6% 6% 25-45 7% 5% 4% 3% 45 7% 8% 5% 6% 4% 5% 4% 4%

7% 5% 4% 4%

6% 4% 4% 3%

0-25 25-45 45

4) - ..=60% =50% - ..=45% =40% - =65% =52%

, . 4.3.13. , . , . , . . , . , . , , . , . , .. , . , . , . , .. .. .. 5-25%, .. , .

( ). . . 4.4. , ,

, . . , , . , , . , . 4.4.1. . . . . . , . , . - =5-10% =3-8% - ..=20-25% =15-20%

. . . , , . - ..=5-10% =3-8% - 30 ....=20-25% =15-20% . . , . . - ( )=8-12% =5-10% - =15-20% =1015% . . - ..=5-8% =3-6% - .=8-12% =6-10%

. . - =8-12% =5-10% - ..=12-20% =10-15% . . , . . - .=5-8% =3-5% - ( ) .=1-2% =0-1% . , . , . , . . - =5-10% =3-8% - =3-5% =2-4%

-

= 1015% = 5-10 %

, : ... = 7% = 5% = 5% = 3% = 5% = 3% .... = 5% = 3% .. = 2-3% = 2-3% - ..=10-12% =8-10% - : .. = 10% = 8% = 8% = 5% = 8% = 5% .... = 8% = 5% ( ) .. = 35% = 25% = 50% = 35% 4.4.2. Volkmann Volkmann . . . = 67% = 50% .. = 40 60% = 35-45% , , . .. = 40% = 30%

-

-

-

-

.... = 30% =20%

4.4.3. ( Dupuytren)

. , . . - ..=8-20% =615% - , .=5-15% =310% - . =0-5% =03% 4.4.4. . ( , ) (), . . , ( ). ,

, . =60-70% =50-60% Duchenne Erb, , , , , ..=45-55% =3545% - Klumpke ( ) ... .=55% -60% =4550% - , ..=45-70% =35-60% - ( )....=5-15% = 510% - . ..=20 25% =15-20% - , . - () , .=5-10% =05%. - ...=15-20% =1015% - - , -

, . . . - .=35-40% =30-35% . - .=15-20% =515% . - , ..=510% =0-5%. - , ..=20-25% =10%-20% - - , , , , 2 . . . - (, , )..=25-35% =15-25% - (. )

-

. (. ).

- () , 2 . , . - =45-50% =3540% - ..= 35-45% =25-35% - , (. ). - , , . - =67% =55% - (. ). : - ...=10-20% =5-15%. - ..=10% =10% - . - . 4.4.5.

, , , , , . . ( ) , , , , .....=15% =10% =25% =15%

-

4.4.6. , , . , , . (. ) 4.4.7. , . .

(. ). 4.4.8. , , . , , , , , . ( ), . , . ..=5% =0% , ..=5-15% =08%. ....=0% =0% , (. )

-

-

.

4.4.9. De Quervain , , . . 4.4.10 . . ..=5% =3% 4.4.11 - - , , . , , .=20-35% =10-25% , , .

(. ). , , . . =5-15% =010% 4.5. , , : 1) . 2) 3) . 4) . 5) . 6) , , 7) 8) 9) .

4.5.1. ( , , , ) .10-20% 05-10% ()..10-15% .15-20%

4.5.2. (, ) .5% ..0% , ...15 25% , , ..35 67%

4.5.3. ..10 15% 30 % , ..50%

4.5.4. 20%

-

.40%

,

4.5.5. , ( , , ). ....5-10% .15-25% ( ) ..25 35% ( ), , ..50-80%

4.5.6. , , , . , , . ) : 1) . 2) . 3) 4) ) : 1) . 2) . ) .

: , , : 1) . 2) . 3) . 4) , . 5) . 6) . , , , . .50-80% 4.5.7. , , ) (,

, , , , , . : ( ), ,, ...010% , .3550%

-

4.5.8.

, . 30-50% 4.5.9. : ) ) ) ) 1) . , , . ...05% 2) , 0-5% 3) , .5-10% 4) , 0 - 1100 .5-10% 5) ( ) , , :

10 ( 0 110) .1015% - 15 ( 0 90) ....1520% - 20 , 0 60 , 20 80 ...35 40% - 20 , 0 45 20 60 ...40 50% . 4.5.10 (, ) : ) ..50 67% ) 67 80% ( ) : ) 25 50% .50 67% ) 50 67% 67 80% : ) ..35 50% ..50 67% ) ..50 67% 67 80% : ) 35 50% ) 50 67%

-

-

4.5.11.

: 1) . 2) (). 3) . : ) . ) . ) ( ). . , , , , , , . . : 0 45 : 0 125 0 45 : 0 20 : : 0 45 : 0 45 : - , 00 12 , , , 50% ..20% - , 15 110 , , , 25% ..35% - , 30 90 , , , 25% .50 % 4.5.12. , 15 , 0 50%

-

, .67 80% 90 100%

4.5.13. (, , ) ..100% .90 100% .90 100% ( ) .80 90% .67 80% .. 67 80%

: ) (, ) . ) . 4.5.14. - . - (Milch, Bachelor, Girdlestone, ) .67 80% - 67 % 4.5.15. ( ) : ) . ) . ) ( ). ) .

-

..25 50% 50 80% , : , 2-3..35 50% .50 67% .67 80%

4.5.16. ( ) 1. , , , . , , . 900 , 300 50% ..50% , 700 , 0 20 , ..67% , , , , , .67 80% , , ,

-

-

-

-

.80 % , .....80-90%.

2. (Tompson, Moore ) , , , . , , , , . , .15-35% , , ..50-67% , (low grade infection)67% , ..67-80%

4.5.17. : ) (. 4.5.4. 4.5.5.) ) ( ). (, )25-50%

4.5.18. : , ..0-15% .15/35% (. ) ..25 67%

4.5.19. ( ) - , .0% - , , ....25 35% - , 25/35% . , .. . 4.5.20. ( ) , , . , 510% 1-2 5% 3 5 15-20%

4.6. : ( , .., ). .. () () ( , , ). ( ), , . () , . , , , . 4.6.1. . , , . ( .. ), ( , , , ). , . . , .0% , .. .10 %

-

, 10%

. .. , . . - .. ( 1 ) ...10% - .. .20 25% - , , ..0-5% - ( .. ).15-20% . 4.6.2. (- , ) . . ( ). . . , , .

() ..0 % - ( ).1015% - (2 3 )..20-25% , 6 ( ), . 4.6.3. , , .1520% .. ( 6 ). .. , , . .510% .., . . 4.6.7. 4.6.13.

. Ca . ( ), Ca , , . (, , ) . ..0% , , , , ..510%

. ( ) .0% Pellegrini Stieda . . ...0% 4.6.4. ( ) . , . ( ) . .

. , , . ..05% . 4.6.8. . . 4.6.2.

. , , . (, , ..). (. ). , .., . , . 4.6.5. ( ) (90%). . . .0% ( , , ) (. . ).

. ( , , , , , , ). , , , .. . . ..010% . . .. . ( ) ..0- 10% , , .. 15-20% . , . 4.6.6. . , , , . (, , , , , ..). . ..1015%

-

-

-

-

( ). ( , . )..2025% ( ). . , , , , ....1015% . () . . , .0% ( - ). ( , .. , , TBC, , , ) , , . (, , , ).510%

4.6.7. . 0 ( ) 120 () 150 () (. 4.7).

4.7.

, . 90 ( ).

, , - , , , . . : - 0 60 ( ).. 10% - 00 450 ..15% - 00 300 20% - 10 120 ..25% - 10 60 30% - 45 120 ( ).40% - 60 90 ( )..50% 4.6.8. . . , 0 , 15 . . : 0 - ..35% 15 - .40% - 30 ..45% - 45 ..50% - ...55% - 60% 15 30 45 60 75 75

4.6.9. ( ) 4.6.9.1. . , - . , , , , , , .. . . , . , , , , . 0% ..10 15% , . . 4.6.7.

4.6.9.2. ..0% .. .10% .., . . 4.6.7.

4.6.9.3. ( ) ( ...) ( ).. 0 - 5%

-

, .. ..10 15% , . 4.6.7. 4.6.8.

4.6.9.4. . , , , . ..0% ( , ) ..5 10%

4.6.9.5. ( ) . , , (. . 4.6.10., ). , , , ( ). . - , .0% 20 - < 10 ..10% - > 20 > 3 cm.15% 6 . 4.6.9.6. (. . 4.6.9.5.).

4.6.9.7. , . 4.6.9.8. . . 40 ( ). , . . 4.6.10. . , ( ), , , . - , ( )50% 6 . - () .50% ( 3). 4.6.11. ( , )

- .67% - - 55% - .50% - 55% , . , .. 30% . - - ..0% - 5% - ( ).510% 4.6.12. . , , , , , . , . 15 . , 10 12 , , , (Vollkmann, , , ), , , .... , : , , , , , , , ...

, (.. , , ). (, , , ). , . , (3 6 ). 4.6.13. . , . : , , , , , , , , 8 ). , ( , ...). , , . , , . , , . . . . : , , , , , , , . . : , , ( ,

, ). ( , ). : ) . ) ) ( , , , , , ). ) . , , . ) . 15 20 , , , , , . () . : , , . (, , , , ), ( , , , ...). .. , : , , : . - ..10 15% - 15 25% : , , , ,

-

: , , , - ..10 15% - ..15 25% - .. , , , , , , , , , (, ), . - 20 30% - . 25 35% .. , .. 1) ( 3 ) .. . 2) ( 3 ), .. . 3) ( 1 ) , .. . 4) ( 6 10 ) . 4.6.8. ( ). 5) ( 6 ). ..5 10% ..15 20% ..30 50% ..50 70%

4.7. 4.7.1. ( ) . ( ) . .5% ..15 20% 0% .10% ..15 25%

, Dupuytren - Dupuytren ..0 5% - Dupuytren .15 20% - , , , , ,

.35% - : ) 30% ) .25% - , 1/4 10% - 5% , . - 10% - (, )..10% 4.7.2. ( ), . , . .0% ( , , ) 15 25%

- (, )..10% - , 20 30% - ...15 20% - .20 30%

, () . . 20 30% 4.7.3. . .. : 1. ( ). 2. 3. . 4. . - 0 5% - 510% - .510% - ..15 25%

-

4.7.4. : ) . ) (). ) (). , 0% ,

-

(, ).5-10% 15 20% , 1520%

4.7.5. . , , , , , . 5 10% 4.7.6. ( ) . ..0% (, ).1015%

- 0% - .10 15%

20 30% ( ) . . - ....0% - , 1530% , Lisfrang. , (, ). : , . - .0% - , 10-25% 4.7.7. 5 . 0% 5 .0% 5 .5% 5 ... 5% 10%

-

4.7.8. : - 0 2% - ..0% 4.7.9. : 20 50 20 () 30 () 100 , 20 ..10% : - ..5 10% - ..25 30% - .20 25% 5 8% 100 [ 500 30 ]3 5%.

-

4.7.10. , , .

. ..15% (, , )..5 10% 0 5% ..20% .

( ) . - ( 100 ) .15% - .20% - : - ..25% - 20% - 20% - 25% - 35% - (, ) 5 10% 4.7.11. - 0 1% - .3% - ()..2%

-

..7% ().9% .2 0% .15% 10% 3% , 6% 7% .15% .20% .22% 25% ..25 30% 30 35%

4.8. , , , , , , , , , . ( ). 4.8.1. . , ( 9 ,

. , ..35% 30 25% 10 30 ..0 25% , 0 10%

-

4.8.2. ( , ) . 10% 0-5%

4.8.3. , . , . . , 25%

-

, 5 20% .0-5%

4.8.4. . , . 57% ..05%

4.8.5. . , . , ..5 % .0-4%

-

4.8.6. . .3%

-

.03%

4.8.7. (, ) . . ..10-20% ..5%

4.8.8. , , , , . , . , , . . .1525% . .

...10 15% 4.8.9. () . 100% 50% (. )..30-50% ..10-40%

4.8.10. () . ..1015% .05%

4.8.11. () , . - ..35% - 2030% - .1020% 4.8.12. ()

. . , , .30-50% ..2030%

-

4.8.13. () . , . ..15-20% ..10-15%

4.8.14. () , , , . .35% , ..15-30%

4.8.15. ()

, , , , , . . () , ..40-50% , ..30-40%

4.8.16. , , . () .67% , .30-50% ..10-30%

4.9.

(..) . 1) .. (..) (..).

2) 4 5 , (9 ), () . 3) ... 1 2 . .. , (). 4) . , , (), .. .. 5) .. , .. . 6) - .. . 7) , , , , , , , . 8) .. , , , . 9) .. - ( ) = 650 - ( ) = 500 - (, ) = 400 - (, ) = 550 - ( ) = 950 - ( ) = 350 - (, ) = 400

-

(, ) = 350

New York University Medical Center (Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation) . .

() (. 4.8.)

. 4.8.

() (. 4.9.)

. 4.9.

(. 4.10)

. 4.10.

(. 4.11)

. 4.11. . 1-12-1 (. ). (. )

(. 4.12)

. 4.12. . .

, .. , . 4.9.1. .. . . , , .. (. 4.9.3. 4.9.6.).

, , . , . , . . . , , . , , , . , .. (3/4) .. .. (, , ) . , , . ..0% ( .. , ...)5-35% . . 6 .

4.9.2. 2 .. . 6 6 :

-

, 0% 6 ..50-67% ..15-50% (. ).

4.9.3. ( ..) , .., .. .. , . . . , .. , . , . - - . 6 . , , . 1 , 2 ..50 67%

( ) , .10-35% - , 8 0% - , , , .....15 50% - ..80% . - .1020% - ( ..) .15-35% - . . - ( ) 0% - .5-15% . , .. , . .

-

. , . , . , 6 12 . ...1015% , .. ..15 25% , ..25 35% , 35 50% 50-67% , , , , . .0 5%

-

-

-

-

-

-

, ..0 10%

4.9.4. .. . - . (. ) . .. . , . .. . 20- 35% .15 25% (. ) .

4.9.5. , , , .. . . .. , , , , , , , : , , , , , . , ,

. , . , . , , , . . (. ). () , , , . , , . , , . , , , , , .. , , .. , , , . , , . (. ). . . .. . .

, . .. . . , . . 3 6 (4 5 5 1) . (, , ), .. (, , , ). . . . , , . , . (. ). 4.9.6. . .

(, , , ) . , . . .. . . . , , (. ). : , , , , , .. (, ), , , . . .. .. . 2 ... , . , , (. ). .. , . , .

: ( ), .. , , , ( ), Trendelenburg, , , , ( ), Lasegue () ( ). , . , . .. (Fece Profil) ( ). (Fece). , , . , , , . .. , , , . - (, ) . - , , (.. ), ..1020% - .. .15-35% - () .

) Lasegue 60 ..35-50%[6 ] ) Lasegue 60 ..50%[1 ] - () . ) Lasegue 60 50% [1 ] ) Lasegue 60 67% [1 ] - () , ..35% - (. ) . - , . . - , , . - ( ).15 25% - ..35-67% - ..35 67% [1 ] 4.9.7. (), , , . , , . . . , (

), ( ...). . . . . (3/4) . , . , . ..0% .5-10% ..10-20% .. 15-25% . .

4.9.8. . . . , , . , . . 4.9.9. , , .. , (Scheuermann, ) (.. , ), .

, (, ) , . . , ,