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in den Köpfen sehr dunkel und anspruchslos zugieng.(Nachlass 34[195])1

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Und weil das Denken Sprache ist, ist diese neue Philoso-phie aus der Todessehnsucht des Denkens ein Selbstmordder Sprache.2

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gend gerade will es, dass ihr kein Ding mit “für” und “um”und “weil” thut. Gegen diese falschen kleinen Worte sollt ihreuer Ohr zukleben. (KSA 4.362)Q7G010+#H$+107*010+.1&27+#4670(S1C*#467#">B4157+#47

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210

wohingegen die Natur keine Formen und Begriffe, alsoauch keine Gattungen kennt, sondern nur ein für uns unzu-gängliches und undefinirbares X. (KSA 1.880)D#7 *010-!J1>7 J#--5+!7 J>$-#4K7 >$#7 -!J1>7 ,7 0$,-0(+#7

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X07*C67OB10=0704+O67+!670-%2$.-&67*1#+5$&!6K7&(C7J5TS&7*15B-07-#H7E2(&+0!70*"5�7comment ai-je écrit ces phrases ambiguës, quand chaque

chose est donnée simplement?3

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4 x1N". <!(!>$#B"#4, N. «M!"#$#%20 W?126 X#10"2(.: ^!0 +#(Nietzsche $,-&10», Athens Review of Books 43 (2013), 35.5 Wittgenstein, L. Vermischte Bemerkungen, Werkausgabe 8,M10(J%#H1+.@7d|ri�{��7:��;K7�9g7bCulture and Value, ed. G.H. vonWright, 47e).

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Ce qui peut se dire manque de réalité. N'existe et necompte pas que ce qui ne passe pas dans le mot.9

�7�lt¥{�pt7 SO+&!7 +#7 },+.-07 0*>7 +.(7 $J#*!57 +#47 EOJ+.7-5""#(7*0157 +#47-.(H-0+#6@7Y<+#(70J1#0+,7%+5(&!7->(#7+#7 &"5W!$+07 $0%O6aR7 `*51W#4(7 *15B-0+07 *#47 E&(7 &2(0!7Y%+!0B-O(07 B!07 J0(O(07 04+2aK7 >$07 Y}.+#H(7 (07 *!0$+#H(7$+#(70O10aR10 DO+#!070*0P2?$.7$.-&2?(7J0!7 &((#!C(7 &2(0!7+4*!J,7-4$+!J!$+C(R7A70*#%0+!J,7S&#"#B2070(OJ0S&(7&*OTJ1!(&7+.(70*>*&!107(07%+5$&!7J0(&267+#(7�&>7-&7"OP&!67b3T?5((.67+#47<+041#HK7Noche Escura del Alma, 1.2.xvi: «#>T$#7 0EH(0-&6K7 &""0+?-0+!JO6K7 0J0+5""."&6K7 &2(0!7 >"&67 #!7"OP&!67 J0!7 *1#+5$&!67 -&7 +!67 #*#2&67 $4}.+5-&7 $&7 04+,7 +.}?,7 B!07 >K+!7 0(,J&!7 $+.(7 &*!J15+&!07 +#47 S&#HauR7 Z-?67 #7G010+#H$+107 &*&J+&2(&!7 +.(7 J1!+!J,7 $&7 >"&67 +!67 "OP&!6R7x&1(570*>7+.(7-4$+!J,7J1!+!J,7+.67B"C$$067+.67S&#"#B2067$+.(7J1!+!J,7+.67B"C$$067&(7BO(&!R]4+,7 .7 E!&414-O(.K7 B&(!J,7 &*2S&$.7 +#47 vplowmqrl7 $+.(7

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(+#J>1.�7M#N5-0!7 *?67 E&(7 P&-*&1E&H#4-&7 -&7 +#(7�&>K7 "-*&!E,7*!$+&H#4-&70J>-.7$+.(7B10--0+!J,RDie “Vernunft” in der Sprache: oh, was für eine alte betrü-

gerische Weibsperson! Ich fürchte, wir werden Gott nicht los,weil wir noch an die Grammatik glauben... (KSA 6.78).]*#%0+!J,7&2+&7J0+0%0+!J,K7.7S&#"#B207&2(0!7B10--0+!T

9 Cioran, E.M., Oeuvres, x012$!: Gallimard 1995, 1491.10 Benjamin, W., Briefe 1, &*!-. G. Scholem, Th. Adorno,<+#4+BJ51E.: Suhrkamp 1978, 763.

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*!(.7&PO"!P.7N0102(&!7.7*2&$.704+,67+.67%#N&1,670$SO(&!06RÜberall ist hier die Sprache erkrankt, und auf der ganzen

menschlichen Entwickelung lastet der Druck dieser unge-heurlichen Krankheit (KSA 1.455).A7 0(#$207 $+.(7 0$SO(&!07 +.67 B"C$$067 S07 0*#E&!WS&27 "-

-*&!1!J5K7 >*#+&7 .7 B"C$$07 0*#+HW&!7 (07 J0+.B#1!#*#!,$&!7+#467 (O#467 %!">$#%#46--0W.+O6K7 ,7 -5""#(7 >+0(7 04+#27 $4T(&!E.+#*#!,$#4(7 *?67 *010-O(#4(7 B"?$$!J57 0$H"".*+#!R7©#7 $.-5E!7 betwlpqrltu7 *#47 &BB45+0!7 +.(7 0(C+&1.7 1C-.704+,67 +.67 (&#"02067 &2(0!7 >+!7 .7 2E!07 0E4(0+&27 (07 N1&!7#K+!E,*#+&7$+#7Y$HBW1#(#7$4(5""0B-07"OP&?(7J0!7&((#!C(a7*1#J&!-O(#47(07*&1!B15=&!7+.(7%H$.7+.67 bcde7:R��:uR7D#70+4*!J>7J0!7"0(S5(#(K7.70E4(0-207$4BJ1>+.$.67+04+>+.+067-&7 4*51W#(+&67 >1#467 +.67 J0S&$+.J4¨067 +5P.67 E&(7 $.-02T(#4(7 0*#4$207 04+#B(?$206�7 &2(0!7 -5""#(7 0*#E&2P&!67 &P5T(+".$.67-!067&*#W,67J0!7+.67B"C$$067+.6K7$4(5-070(0BB"-"207-!067(O06R7v#-5E&67J0!70(O$+!#!7#!7-0W.+O67+#47vplowmqrl70-%!$N.T

11 Mauthner, Beiträge, 713: «Die Kritik der Sprache muss Befreiungvon der Sprache als höchstes Ziel der Selbst-Befreiung lehren».

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Niemand erzählt mir Neues: so erzähle ich mir mich selber.-(KSA 4.246)Q7G010+#H$+107E&(7&*0(0"0-N5(&!7"OP&!6R7](0J4J"C(&!7

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Flammen in mich zurueck, die aus mich brechen (KSA4.136)Q7&04+>67&2(0!7B&((,+1!07*#47*015B&!7O(074*&15(S1?*#K7

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der ihn verstünde: so hoch wuchs er. (KSA 4.52)Q7 �{iorlm7 *01#-#20$&7 +#7 +O"#67 +.67 B"C$$067 -&7 E2$J#7

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04+,7E&(7-*#1&27*0157(07&*0(0"0-N5(&!7+.(7+&"&4+0207+.67"OP.K7$0(7E2$J#67&-*#E!$-O(#6K7(!CS?7-&S4$-O(#670*>7+.(7J0+5%0$,7+.6@7+04+#"#B207E&(7&2(0!7510B&704+,7.70(,J#4T)+.7J0+5$+0$.7>*#47N"O*#4-&7(070(+0-C(#4(7-O$07$ªO(07$4(#(SH"&4-070P!C(K7+#7O(E#P#7+O"#67+#47"#B!J#H7E!0N,-$-+#6K7.70!$W1>+.+07+.67N"0J&2067J0!7.7OJ1.P.7+#47(!+$&~J#H7Y(0!a�12

A(+!-O+?*#67 -&7 O(0(7 W0"0$-O(#7 -#4$!J>7 E2$J#7 -*#1C7*5(+#+&7(07+#(70%0!1O$?R7](7>-?67#7E2$J#67&2(0!7#7O(E#(7&04+>67–7*C67(07+#(70%0!1O$?7W?1267(070J41C$?7+#(7&04T+>7 -#4�7 xC67 (07 4*51P?7 *10B-0+!J57 &"&HS&1#67 OP?7 0*>7+.(70E.%5B#7E?1&57+#47&BC�

12 Barthes, R. ]*#$*5$-0+07 +#47 &1?+!J#H7 ">B#4K7 -+%1R7 [R7x0*0N0$!"&2#47]S,(0@7\OE1#67:�ggK7�8-3.

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yEC7N"O*#4-&7>+!7 #7$#"!=!$->6K7 0(70J#"#4S,$#4-&704T$+.157 +!67 $4(O*&!O67 +#4K7 $4-*2*+&!7 -&7 +#(7 J0S01>7 1&0"!T$->R7 Q7 $#"!=!$+!J>67 &04+>67 *&1!#12}&+0!7 $&7 O(07 &"5W!$+#7$.-&2#7 W?1267 *&10!+O1?7 E4(0+>+.+07 &*OJ+0$.6K7 J0!7 &J&27N12$J&+0!7.7*10B-0+!J>+.+07$4(+#(!$-O(.7-0}27+#4RHier sieht man, dass der Solipsismus, streng durchgeführt,

mit dem reinen Realismus zusammenfällt. Das Ich des Solip-sismus schrumpft zum ausdehnungslosen Punkt zusammen,und es bleibt die ihm koordinierte (Tractatus 5.64).

Q7 $#"!=!$->67 $411!J(C(&!7 +#7 &BC7 +>$#K7 C$+&7 (07 0*#TJ"&2&+0!7*&10!+O1?70(0B?B,7,7OJ+0$,7+#4R7¤107.7*010-#T(,7$&7J0S&$+C67$#"!=!$-#H7E&(7&2(0!7->(#71&0"!$->6R7y2(0!7&*!*"O#(7J#1H%?$.7+#470$J.+!$-#HR

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229

WC1#47&*!N10EH(#(+0!7bNachlass 14[46]: Verlangsamung desZeit- und RaumgefühlsuR7A7.$4W207E&(7&2(0!7N!++BJ&($+0~(!TJ#H7+H*#4K7&J&2(.7*#47J0-!57$WO$.7E&(7OW&!7-&7+.(70J>1"-$+.7 }010+#H$+1&!07 0(5BJ.7 B!07 #-!"20R7 Q7vplowmqrl7 &(E!$-%O1&+0!7 B!075""07 &2E.7 .$4W206@7 04+,(7 +.67EH(0-.67J0!7 "-J&2(.7 +.67 0*>"4+.67 &P5(+".$.6K7 +.67 *015"4$.6K7 $+07 >1!07+.67 0(0!$S.$2067 bv{qr�{mm7 :;�f��@7 die Ruhe der Erschöp-fung, die Starrheit, bis zur AnästhesieuR7 A7 E&H+&1.7 &JE#W,7.$4W2067&2(0!7#7E1>-#67B!07+.(7*1C+.R7A7EH(0-.7*1#JH*+&!70*>7+.(7$4112J(?$.7+#47&04+#HK7 +.(70*>"4+.7&P#4SO(?$.7*#47 0*#J0"H*+&!7 +07 04S&(+!J5K7 -.7 0(0BCB!-07 >1!07 +#47&BCRDO+#!&67$+!B-O6K7"O&!7#7G010+#H$+10K7#7&04+>67->"!67J0!7

*010-O(&!7 $4(E&E&-O(#67 -&7 +#(7 J>$-#7 $0(7 J0+5J#*#7 J$-15N!7blpt7�üdes Schiff) *#47EO(&!7$+.(7P.157-&7!$+#H67015TW(.6@Z*?67O(07+O+#!#7J015N!7&%5*+&+0!7$+.7B.7J0!7%?"!5}&!@7

01J&27+>+&7-!07015W(.70*>7+.(7P.157(074%5(&!7*1#67E0H+#7+#467!$+#H67+.6R73$W41>+&10 $J#!(!5 E&( W1&!5}#(+0!.Wie solch ein Schiff sich dem Lande anlegt, anschmiegt:

da genügt's, dass eine Spinne vom Lande her zu ihm ihrenFaden spinnt. Keiner stärkeren Taue bedarf es da. (KSA4.343)�7&P#4S&(?-O(#67&04+>670*#",B&!70!SO1!#6K7"&*+#%4,67–

+>$#K7C$+&7(07P&B"4$+1570(5-&$07$+#467>BJ#467+?(7"OP"-?(K7+>$#7&"0%1H67C$+&7(07P&%&HB&!70*>7+#7N014+!J>7*&E2#7+.67&((#!#"#B!J,67=&4E#*10B-0+!J>+.+06R7Q7&P#4S&(?-O(#67&04+>67 &2(0!7 $4(5-07 0J10207 &402$S.+#67 –7 +>$#K7 C$+&7 (07$4""0-N5(&!7 >K+!7 E!0%&HB&!7 0*>7 +.(7 J0S."?+!J,7 J0!7 *$-1&"J4$+!J,7(>1-07+.674*51W#4$067B"?$$!J,67-&$#"5N.$.6RyJE."C(&+0!7 ?67 %&4B0"O0K7 0$H"".*+.7 J0!7 0(&*02$S.+.7$+!B-,7 *#47 -#!5}&!7 -&7 +#7 0(#!B#J"&2$!-#7 ,7 +1&-#*02P!-#7+#47-0+!#H@7ein Augen-Blick, &2+& '" $N&"+5E07$0H106:y2(0!7 0J1!NC67 +#7 &"5W!$+#K7 *"O#(7 ,$4W#K7 *"O#(7 0!SO1!#K7

+#7S1>~$-07-!067$0H106K7-!070(5$0K7O(07P&B"2$+1.-0K7-!07$+!B-!0207 -0+!57 –7 &2(0!7 .7 #"!B>+.+07 *#47 #E.B&!7 $+.(7 &4TE0!-#(20R7º1&-0 +C10!Das Wenigste gerade, das Leiseste, Leichteste, einer Eid-

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echse Rascheln, ein Hauch, ein Husch, ein Augen-Blick –Wenig macht die Art des besten Glücks. Still! (KSA 4.4-6)A7 &P5(+".$.7 &2(0!7 5$J.$.R7 Q7 G010+#H$+107 "&*+#%4,67

*!07J0!7$NO"+#67P&B"!$+157$0(7$0H1070(5-&$07$+07J!BJ"!TEC-0+07+.67B"C$$06R

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yJE#WO67 +&$$51?(7 "OP&?(7 b.7 $0H10K7 +#7 0(#!B#J"&2$!-#7+#47-0+!#HK7.7=4W#$?-0+!J,7&J"O*+4($.K7J0!7.7#"!B>+.+0u7$+#7*010*5(?70*>$*0$-07&-%0(2}#(+0!7P0(57$&7O(07E!$-N>.+#7J#--5+!7+#47Ecce Homo (KSA 6.329.24-330.3)R7yEC7#!7 &P0!1&+!JO67 $+!B-O67 +1&-#$N,(#4(7 +0WH+0+07 $0(7 -5+!7*#47 0(#!B#J"&2(&!7 bAugenblickeu7 J0!7 #(#-5}#(+0!7 S&2&67$0H1&6 (göttliche Eidechse). »&B"4$+1#H(7 0S>14N07 J0!7%&4B0"O0R7<4-N02(#4(7&P02%(.67(plötzlich):A70*#J5"4=.7 4*>7 +.(7 O((#!07*?67 &P02%(.6K7 -&7-!07 N"-

N0!>+.+07J0!7&J"O*+4($.7*O1070*>7+.(7B"C$$0K7&-%0(2}"-+0!7 J5+!7 $+.(7 >10$.K7 $+.(7 0J#,K7 J5+!7 *#47 $&7 +010J#4(57>$#7*!#7N0S&!57B2(&+0!7J0!7$&7J0+0(!J5K7*&1!B15%&!70*"C67O(07B&B#(>6R7Der Begriff Offenbarung, in dem Sinn, daß plötzlich, mit

unsäglicher Sicherheit und Feinheit, etwas sichtbar, hörbarwird, etwas, das einen im Tiefsten erschüttert und umwirft,beschreibt einfach den Tatbestand. (KSA 6.3)Z+!7.7W1,$.7+#47"P02%(.67*010*O-*&!7$4(&!E.+57,70$4T

(&2E.+07$&7O(07*"0+?(!J#H7+H*#47&P02%(.67,7*5(+?67$+.(701W0207-4$+!J,7 $.-0$207 +.670!%(2E!067=4W!J,67-&+0N#",67*1#JH*+&!70*>7+.(70-O$?67*1#.B#H-&(.7*1>+0$.K7>*#47#7Nietzsche7P&J0S012}&!7*?67-!"57B!07Y>K+!7#!7*#!.+O67!$W41>T&&1?(7&*#WC(7#(>-0}0(7O-*(&4$.aR7Q7G010+#H$+107*&1!TB15%&!7O(07+O+#!#70$+10*!02#K75P0%(#70(#!B#J"&2$!-#7+#47-0+!#H7be|hltk�pq�u7-&7>1#467&P?$?-0+!J,67&-*&!1206@+C107&2-0!7&"0%1H6K7+C107*&+CK7+C107-&7N"O*?7J5+?S27

-#4K7+C107W#1&H&!7O(067S&>67-O$?7&-#HRjetzt bin ich leicht, jetzt fliege ich, jetzt sehe ich mich unter

mir, jetzt tanzt ein Gott durch mich (KSA 4.51)A7 &*!%5(&!07 *#47 "0-N5(&!7 WC107 &P02%(.67 Y$&7 J0+0(!T

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231

J5aK7 &*!N5""&+0!7 J0!7 0J41C(&!7 +.(7 04+&(O1B&!07 J0!7 &S"-"#H$!07 J!(.+!J>+.+0R7 F1W&+0!7 ?67 $4(O*&!07 -!067 >P4($.67+?(70!$S,$&?(7*O1070*>7 +!67 E4(0+>+.+&67 &(>67%4$!#"#B!TJ#H7 0+>-#4K7 +O+#!067 *#47 $4""0-N5(&!7 J5*?67 +.(7 Y&J"OT*+4($.7+?(7*10B-5+?(7*O1070*>7+.(7B"C$$0aR7y2(0!7-!07J0+5$+0$.7 >*#47 E&(7 4*51W#4(7 &*!"#BO67 *0157 ->(#7](5TBJ.@]J#H67J0!7E&(70(0}.+56K7"0-N5(&!67J0!7E&(71?+567*#!>67

E2(&!R7<0(70$+10*,7%?+2}&+0!7-!07$JO=.K7-&70(0BJ0!>+.+0K7E2W?67E!$+0B->7–7E&(7&2W07*#+O75"".7&*!"#B,RMan hört, man sucht nicht; man nimmt, man fragt nicht,

wer da gibt; wie ein Blitz leuchtet ein Gedanke auf, mitNotwendigkeit, in der Form ohne Zögern – ich habe nie eineWahl gehabt. (KSA 6.339)`*51W&!7-!070J1>0$.7&P0(0BJ0$+!J,K7>*#470J#H&!7J0(&267

*10B-0+!J57->(#(7>+0(7E&(7+#7&*!E!CJ&!R7]4+O67#!7$+!B-O670%021&$.67,7&P5(+".$.67&2(0!7&BJ51$!&67+#-O67,70(#2B-0+07$+.(7 !$+#120K7 &JE#WO67 &(>67 *#!#+!J57 E!5%#1#47*01#(+!J#H7W1>(#47bJetzt-Zeitu7*#47&(0(+!C(&+0!7$+#(70(0-&(>-&(#71#47+#47!$+#1!J#H7*01>(+#6R7c5S&7S&207$0H1070(#2B&!7J0!7N$-S02(&!7 O(07 2E!#(7 ,7 #!J&2#7 *01>(R7 YH7 $?+.120aK7 B15%&!7 #7�lt¥{�pt7J0!70*.W&27+#(7vplowmqrlK7Y&(0*>J&!+0!7$&7-!J1#T$J#*!JO671?B-O67$&7-!07$4(&W,7J0+0$+1#%,aK7>*#47J0+$-$+1#%,70E!5"&!*+.7&2(0!7.73$+#1207b�d7:Rf��uR7�07,+0(7"5TS#67 (07 E&!7 J0(&267 $&7 +#H+&67 +!67 4=."O67 $+!B-O67 +.67 }?,670$H(E&+&6K7 0*#-0J14$-O(&67 J0!7 +4W02&67 #4"O67 $+#7 $C-07+.67 3$+#1206R7 %&$ \0+5"#!*07 #7 vplowmqrl7 +!67 N"O*&!7 (07)4(EO#(+0!7$&7 O(07*"OB-07,7E2J+4#K7 >*#47J5S&7$+!B-,7$-(0%O1&+0!7 J0!7 &*!E157 $+!67 5""&67 &1&S2}#(+067 J0!7 $4(OW#T(+067J0+0$+5$&!67+#47y2(0!K7>$&67%0!(#-&(!J57&2(0!70$H(TE&+&67-&+0PH7+#467bNachlass 14[117]).

Q7G010+#H$+107E&7%02(&+0!7 (07-&+0N02(&!7*#+O70*>7+.7%5$.7 +.67 J0+0$+1#%,67 $&7 &J&2(.7 +.67 $4""#B!J,67 E.-!T#41B206R7 <+#7 +O"#67 +#47 O1B#47 0*#-O(&!7 ->(#6K7 $4(+1#%!57-&7+#(70&+>7J0!7+#7%2E!7+#4K7&BJ"?N!$-O(#670(5-&$07$+.(7J1!+!J,7 +.67 B"C$$067 J0!7 +.(7 0(0BB&"207 &(>67 -&+0-B"?$$!J#H7+1>*#47(07$4--&+OW#4(7J!75""#!7$+.(7*010B?B,7+#47J>$-#4R7H70*#B#,+&4$.7+#47G010+#H$+107$+#7+O+01+#7

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…Niemand mehr den Muth hat, zu Ende zu denken(Nachlass 11[339]).

YI07$J&%+&2+&7?67+#7O$W0+#7$.-&2#a7bKSA 4.109-110) "2TW&7 *1#$+5P&!7 #7 G010+#H$+10RA7 *1#$+0J+!J,7 *".S4(+!J#H7,+0(7 &J&27 $.-0(+!J,R7H7 (>.$.7 &2(0!7 #1!0J,7 &-*&!1207 *#47&*!E!CJ&!7+.(7J#!(?(207+.6R7Z-?67#7G010+#H$+107E&(7&2(0!7�1!$+>6R7 ]*#+4BW5(&!7 (07 0*#J+,$&!7 -0S.+O6R7 A7 -&S>1!#67+.67 B"C$$067 0(#2B&+0!7 $+#7 0(&*!J#!(C(.+#R7 Q12}&!7 +.(7Y-#(0P!57 J5S&7 E?1.+,a7 J0!7 +.(7 Y$!?*,7 J5S&7%?+#E>+.a7(KSA 4.137: Oh Einsamkeit aller Schenkenden! Oh Schweig-samkeit aller Leuchtenden!). Q7 G010+#H$+107 *010E2E&+0!7$+#7511.+#70""57.++5+0!7&(C*!#(7+#470(&*!J#!(C(.+#4R