التحكم الآلي عملي

אאאאFFEE

٢٥٤٢٥٤

א ٢٥٤ א

אאFE

،،אא،אW

אאאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאא؛אא

אK אאאאאאא

א ،א אאאאאאאא،אא

א א ،א אא א א א א א א אא א א א

אא،אאאא،אאא?אא J

? ? ? א אאאאאאK

אאאאאאא،א،אאאא

אאאאאK

אאאא؛אK

אאאא

א ٢٥٤

אאFE

אאאאא،אאאאאAutomatic control

אאאK אאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאKאאאא

אאK ،אאא

אאKאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאא

אK אאPlantאאאאאא

אאWאאאא؟אאא؟אאאא؟

אאאW

אאWאאאאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאאאאא،א،א،אאאKKKאK

אאWאאאאאאאאאאK אאאWאאאאאאאא

אאאאאK אאWאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

א ٢٥٤

אאFE

אאWאאאאאאאאאRouth

אאK

אאאאW ١٧٦٩ אJames Watt’sאאאא

אfly ball governor ١٨٦٨ אJ.C.Maxwellאא ١٩١٣ Henry Fordא ١٩٢٧ H.W.Bodeאא ١٩٣٢ H.Nyquistאאאא ١٩٥٢ אאMassachusetts Institute of Technology

١٩٥٤ George Devol ١٩٦٠ א١٩٦١ ١٩٧٠ אא ١٩٩٤ אאאאאאאאK

אאא،אא

אאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאא

אא

١

א ٢٥٤ אא אאFE אא

- ١ -

אאאאאאאאאKאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאK אא Jא Jאאא

אאאא،אאאאאKאאאאW

١K אאא100−PtK ٢K אאאאTC-probeK ٣K אאאאThermocoupleK


- ٢ -

אא אאאאא100−pt

אאW

אאאא100א−ptK

אאW אא100א−pt

אאאאא،אאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٨

אאWGאK

GאFEK

אאW אאאאאאא

אאאאאK


- ٣ -

אאאאא100−pt

W א100−ptאpt١٠٠א

אאK

אאW Gאאאא100−pt K GאאאK GאאאK

אW GאאאאאK Gאאאאא100−ptK Gאא100−ptאא

K Gא100−pt K

אW אאא،אאא

אאאאאK אא100−ptאאא

אאאאK

( )TRR oT α+= 1 W

TR=אאאTK


- ٤ -

0R=אאFאאאאאEK α=אאאאאא

131085.3 −−× K K T=אאFEאאK

TRRR v

×−

=0

0100,0α

100,0αZאאאK RVZאאאvK ROZאאאK T ZאאאK

אאאW ١ J אאF100−ptEK ٢ J K ٣ J K ٤ J ١٥،٢K ٥ J אאK ٦ J FKE ٧ J K ٨ J אK


- ٥ -

אאW ١K אאאF١ J١EW

אF١ J١EWאאא100−ptK


- ٦ -

٢K א אא א א F100−ptE אא F١ J١Eא אא

אI = Constantאא reference voltage אFINT.KE ٣K א ١ א א I

א١א٢F١ J١KE Gא١١א

١–W אFאEZא×א

٤K אW GאאFDIFF.IN EאFKE GאאFamplifier gain switch E١

?OFFS.ADJ?אאK GאאאאFmultimeterKE Gאאא١٠٠٠א?INPUT OFFS. ADJ?א

K Gאא١K

٥K אאאאאK ٦K אאאאאאK ٧K אאאאK ٨K א א א אא א א

אK ٩K אאאK


- ٧ -

אW

אאא

אאאא

Va (oC)

אאF100−ptE אא UA (mV)

אאRv (ohm)

אאא(oC)

٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩


- ٨ -

אW

אאא

אאאא

Va (oC)

אאF100−ptE אא UA (mV)

אאRv ( ohm)

אאא(oC)

٩ ٨ ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ ٠


- ٩ -

אא אאאאאאNTC- probe

אאWאאאאאא( NTC- probe )K

אאWאאאאאא( NTC- probe )

אא،אאאאאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٢K אאW GאKK

GאFE

אאWאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאK


- ١٠ -

אאאאאאFNTC-probe E

W אאאאאא

אFאאKEאאאFthermistorsKEאNTC Fאאא

Negative Temperature Coefficient EאאאאKאKא

אאא٣٠٠K

אאW GאאאאאNTC-probeK GאאאK Gאאאאא( Thermometer )Kא

אאK

אW GאאאאאאאאF١ J٢

EK Gאאאאא( NTC- probe )K Gאא( NTC- probe )א

אK Gאאאאא( NTC- probe )K


- ١١ -

אW

tbTT eRR /

0×=

RT WאאK

RToWאא٢٠K bWאאא١٥٠٠א J٧٠٠٠K

TWאאאK ToWאא٢٠K

אאאW

١K אאאFNTC-probeKE ٢K K ٣K K ٤K ١٥L٢K ٥K אאK ٦K FKE ٧K K ٨K אK

אאW

١K אאאF١ J٢EאאW • אMODEא I=const • אאא ( reference voltage, VREF ) INTK

٢K אא( multimeter ) אK


- ١٢ -

٣K אא١٢א١K ٤K אאאUאאאFאEK ٥K אW

• אא ( DIFF.IN )אFKE • א ( Gain switch )١א (OFFS.ADJ )

אK ١٠٠٠Kאאאאא •

٦K אאאאאא ( Heating control )אאאאאאאK

٧K אאאאאאK ٨K אאאאK


- ١٣ -

אF١ J٢Eאאאא( NTC- probe)K


- ١٤ -

GאאאW

אאאאאא

)( oa CV

אא)(VUa

٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ١٠

GאאאW

אאאאאא

)( oa CV

אא )(VUa

٩ ٨ ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ ٠


- ١٥ -

٩K אאאאאאאאK ١٠K אאאאאW ١١K אאאK

אאאFoCE

٢٠ ٠ ٢٥ ٤٠ ٦٠ ٨٠ ١٠٠١٢٠

אא (ohm )

١٦٣٢٥٦٢٤٥٥٠٠٠٢٦٦٣١٢٤٤٥}٦٢٧٣٣٩٧}١٩٤

אאFoCE

אא( ohm )

אא אא٪ V ohm

٢٥ ٤٠ ٦٠ ٨٠ ١٠٠


- ١٦ -

אא ( Thermocouple )אאאאאא

אאWאאאאאא( Thermocouple )K

אאWאאאאאאאא

אאאאאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٢K

אאW GאK GאFEK

אאWאאאאאאאאאאK


- ١٧ -

אאאאאא( Thermocouple )

W אאאאא

אאא( Hot-junction ) אאאאא ( Cold-junction )Kאאאאא

Kא،אאאאאאא ( compensation lines )K

אאW Gאאאאא( Thermocouple )K GאאאK GאאאK

אW

GאאאאאאאK GאאאאאאאאK Gאאאאאאא

אK GאאאK

אW אאאאאאאאא

( thermo-voltage )אאאא( Cold-junction )K

UUU eM ∆+=


- ١٨ -

W UMZאאאא( Corrected thermo-voltage )אאא

( hot-junction temperature, vM)K UeZאאאא( Measured thermo-voltage )א

( cold-junction temperature, vv )K U △ZאאאאאאאאאFTemperature of

cold-junction ,vvEאאא( Reference temperature, vb )K U △אאאאא

vvvbK GvvvbvMאאאא

אאאK GאvbZvbאאאאא

אאאU △K

אאאW ١K אאאFThermocouple temperature probeKE ٢K אאאK ٣K K ٤K K ٥K ١٥L٢K ٦K אאK ٧K FKE ٨K K ٩K אK


- ١٩ -

אאW ١K אאאF١ J٣EW

אF١ J٣WEאאאא( Thermocouple )K


- ٢٠ -

٢K אMODEאI=const אאFreference voltage, VREFEINTK

• א١٥אFmultimeterEאK

• אא١٢١אK

• אאאUאאFאE

٣K אW • אאFDIFF.INEאFKE • אFGain switchE١אOFFS.ADJ

אK • אאאאא١٠٠٠K

٤K אאאאZKW • אאאאF heating controlEאאאא

Fambient temperature control, vUEאFcold-junctionEK

• אאאאאאאאK

• אFcorrection boxEאאUTאאUeZ١Fא١٠٠٠KE

• אUeאאאאאאאאאאW


- ٢١ -

0א=uv;٤&١אWoCv 0=

א אא אאא

א אא

א א va

oCvm

oC Ue/1000

)(mVvm

oC

٥K אאאאאאFMeasured thermo-voltage ,UeE

אאאF Hot- junction temperature, VMKE ٦K אאאK


- ٢٢ -

אW

אF١ J٤EאאK١٠K

אK


- ٢٣ -

אאאא،KאoC


- ٢٤ -

אאאא،KאoC 0


- ٢٥ -

אאאא،KאoC

אאאאאא

אאאא

א

א

א

٢

א ٢٥٤ אא אאFE אאא

- ٢٦ -

،אאאאאאאאאא،אK

א،אאאאאאKא

א،אאאאאאאא،אאKאא

אאK،אא،אאאאK


- ٢٧ -

אאא א

אאWאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאא

אאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٤K

אאW GאK GאFEK

אאWאאאאא، אאאאאK


- ٢٨ -

א( Flow Measurement )

W אאא

אKאWאאאאK

אאW GאאאאFvan-type meterE

אK GאאאFQ Eאאא

אFUAEK

אW GאאאאאK GאאK GאאF V EאאאאFUAEK

אW

tVQ

tVQ

60×=

=

W QWאאFLKE t WאאFKE VWאאא١٠אZ٤}٠K

אFDeviationFZEא JאאLEא


- ٢٩ -

אאאW ١K אF Flow-through meter KE ٢K אF Flow-through measuring amplifier KE ٣K אF RotameterKE ٤K אFFilling tank KE ٥K F PumpEK ٦K אאFSet point valueEK ٧K אFMultimeterKE ٨K אFpower supply KE ٩K FStop watchKE

١٠K K ١١K אK


- ٣٠ -

אאW ١K אאאF٢ J١WE

אF٢ J١WEאאאK


- ٣١ -

٢K אF volume E١٠F١٠Z٤}٠KE ٣K אאאא١٠אK ٤K אאFאאEאK ٥K אאאא١٠אK ٦K אאאא Q = V/tK ٧K אאאאאא

F١Z١}٠LE ٨K אאאא٩،١٠אאK ٩K אאאאאאאK

אאUA

FE אFE אFLE א

٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩

١٠K אאאאאאאK ١١K אאאK


- ٣٢ -

אא א

אאWאK

אאWאאאאא

אאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٢K

אאW GאK

GאFEK

אאWאאאאאאאאאאK


- ٣٣ -

א( Pressure Measurement )

W אאאאאKאאאאאK

אאW

GאאאK GאאK GאאאאאK

אW

GאאאאאK GאאK GאאאאאK

אW

aa FPUghP

×∆=××∆=∆ ρ

∆P Wאא( Pa )K ∆h Wאאא( m )K Ρ Wאאא٢٠Z١٠٠٠אL٣K

g WאאZ٨١}٩L٢K Ua Wאאא△PK Fu WאאאZ٠٠٨}٠LK


- ٣٤ -

אאאW

١K אאFDifferential pressure sensorEK ٢K אאאאK ٣K אFRotameterKE ٤K FPower amplifierKE ٥K אFFilling tankKE ٦K K ٧K אאK ٨K אאK ٩K אK

١٠K K ١١K K ١٢K אK


- ٣٥ -

אאW ١K אאאF٢ J٢EW

אF٢ J٢WEאאאK


- ٣٦ -

٢K אW aK אאאאאאא

אאאאK bK אאאאא

אK cK אאאאP2אאא

אאאKאאא١٠٠אא١٢٥٠١٠אF١Z١٢٥KE

dK אאאאאאאK

٣K ∆hאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאFFUKE ٥K אאאאW

אאאא∆h(m)

א ∆P(Pa)

אא Ua(V)

٧ ٨ ٩ ١٠

٦K אאאאאאK ٧K אאאK


- ٣٧ -

אא א

אאWאאK

אאWאאאאא

אאK

אאאWאא٩٠٪

אאאאW٢K

אאW GאK GאFE

אאWאאאאא،אאאאאK


- ٣٨ -

א( Level Measurement )

W P1אאאאא

P2KאאאאאאאאאK

אאW

GאK GאאK GאאK

אW

GאאאאאK GאאאK GאאאאאK

אW

אאאאאKאאאאאFa piezo-resistive

overpressure gaugeEאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאK


- ٣٩ -

אאאW ١K אאFDifferential pressure sensorE ٢K F Power amplifierKE ٣K אFFilling tankKE ٤K K ٥K אאK ٦K אאK ٧K אFmultimeterKE ٨K אK ٩K K

١٠K K

אאW ١K אאאF٢ J٣KE ٢K אאFpump controller EFfull scale deflection KE ٣K אאאאאאאK ٤K אאאאא

אW VUa 0= , PaP 0=

٥K א F mm-scale Eא א א Fmeasurement range Eאא١٥٠אאK

٦K אאאאא١٠K

٧K אאאF △h EK ٨K אאאאFUA EK

)/(200 VPaUP Ameas ×=


- ٤٠ -

אF٢ J٣WEאאאK


- ٤١ -

٩K אאאאאאאW ghpcal ××∆= ρ

١٠K אאאאאאW

אH FmmE

אא UAF(V

א △hFmmE

אא PmeasFPaE

אאPcalFPaE

١٥٠ ١٤٠ ١٣٠ ١٢٠ ١١٠ ١٠٠ ٩٠ ٨٠ ٧٠ ٦٠

١١K אאW

• אא١٥אא١K • אאא١٥٠אאא١٠K


- ٤٢ -

١٢K אאאW

אא UA ( V )

אא H ( mm )

١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ١٠

١٣K אאאאFHEאאF UAKE ١٤K אאאK

אא

אא

א

٣

א ٢٥٤ אא אאFE א

- ٤٣ -

אאאאאאא( Error Signal )א( Control action )אאK

אאאK אא( Comparator )א

אאאאאאא( Set point device )K

،א،אאאאאWאאאאאאK


- ٤٤ -

אא אא

אאWאאאK

אאWאאאאאK

אאאאאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪ אאאאW٦K

אאW GאK

GאFEK



- ٤٥ -

אאאא ( Two-position controller with differential gap )

W

אאאאאאאKאFamplitudeEאFfrequencyE

אאאFdelay time constantEאFcontroller hysteresisKE

אאW GאאK GאאאK GאאאK

אW GאאאאאK GאאאאK GאאאאK GאאאאאK

אW

אF AmplitudeWE△X = Xmax - Xmin

אאFPeriodic time, TxWE אאאאK

XU WאF controller hysteresisKE


- ٤٦ -

אאאW ١K אK ٢K אאK ٣K K ٤K ١٥L٢K ٥K Fdelay lineEK ٦K אK ٧K K ٨K K ٩K אK

אאW

١K אאאF٣ J١EאאאW • אאאF set point valueE w = 5V • אאאFsimulated lineET1 = T2 = 5 sK • אאFcontroller hysteresisZE١K

٢K א א אא א א Fdelay line 1st. Order E א א Fcontrolled

variableEאאאאK ٣K אאFcontrolled lineEאאFdelay

line 2nd . OrderEאאאאאאK ٤K א٣٣ אא

אK ٥K אא7V2Vא٣אאK


- ٤٧ -

F٣א J١WEאאאKW

GאאאאאFoscillation amplitudeEאFcontrolled variableEאאאFswitching frequencyKE

GאאFset valueE٥٠٪אאאFw = 5vEאאאFresidual controller deviationKEא

אאאאK GאאFset valueEFw = 2 vEאאKאאאאא

GאאFset valueEFw = 7 vEאאאאאאאK


- ٤٨ -

אא אאאא

אאWאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאאא

אאאאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٢K

אאW GאK

GאFKE



- ٤٩ -

אאאא ( PID Controller )

W אאאאאא

،אאFcontinuous controllerEאאאאאאאאא

אאאאFdifferential gapEאאאK

אאW

GאאאאאK GאאאאאאK

אW

GאאאאאאאאK

GאאFpre-hold duration, TnEאאFintegral action time, TvEאאאאאFPDKEאאאFPIEאאא

GאאאאאאK

אW

001001

×=P

P KX

XPWאאF proportional timeE


- ٥٠ -

I

Pn K

KT =

TnWאאF Integral action timeE

P

Dv K

KT = TvWאאFthe pre-hold durationKE

אאאW ١K K ٢K K ٣K K ٤K א٢K ٥K אאאK ٦K ١٥L٢K ٧K K ٨K אאFXY- PlotterE ٩K K

١٠K אK

אאW ١K אאאF٣ J٢EאאאW

KP = 3 , KI = 1 1/s KD = 1 s , GאאFFunction generatorEאאאFstep functionE.(1v)

GאאאF step functionE XY(t) plotterא.


- ٥١ -

אF٣ J٢EWאאאאאK

٢K אאא Y(t) plotter אאW

GאאF Deflection sensitivity ZE2v / cm GאFPaper feed EK1cm / secK

٣K אאאאא( PID-controller )K ٤K אאא( D-section )אאא٢אא

אאאFTnKE ٥K אאאאאאאאא

(triangular voltage)א2 v / secK ٦K אאאאאאאא،אאFTv

pre-hold durationEאאFKP 1KE ٧K אאאא(PI-controller)אא

אאא(PD-controller)،א KI KDK

٨K אאאאא(PID-controller)אא(D-section)אאK

אא

אאאא

א

٤

א ٢٥٤ אאא אאFE א

- ٥٢ -

א

אאWאאאאא،א،אאא

אאWאאא،א،אא

אאאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٤K

אאW GאK GאFEK



- ٥٣ -

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

KאFEאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאW ١K אאאאK ٢K אאאאK ٣K אאאאאאK

אאאאאאW aK אאאMPCT/LK bK אאאMPCT/PK cK אאאאאאMPCT/TK

אאאאאKא

אModular Process Control Trainer (MPCT)KאK


- ٥٤ -

אאאא

אאW • אTwo-position controllers with Differential gap K • Continuous controllersK

אאאאאאאאאK

• אאא( Digital-type electronic controllers )W

אאFE،אF٤ J١EאאK

אא( Analogue signal y ) אא( process )אאא

xK

אF٤ J١WEאאאאאK


- ٥٥ -

אא،אאאאאאא

אK אאF٤ J٢EאאאMPCTK

W X Wא( Actuating signal )K n W( Noise )K

SP Wא( Set point )K Y Wאא( Controlled quantity )K

אF٤ J٢EאאMPCTK


- ٥٦ -

א( MPCT )

אW

אא( MPCT )،L( AD/DA Board )Kאא

F٤ J٣KE

אF٤ J٣EWאMPCTK

אW

אא אא אאא

التحكم في مستوى السائل

MPCT


- ٥٧ -

١K אאW אאאאW

• אאאאא • אFא،،EKKK • אאאA/DK • אאאאאK • אאאאאאK • אאK

אF٤ J٤EאאאK


- ٥٨ -

אF٤ J٤WEאאאK

אאאWW 1 JאאK 2 JאW( PC-External )K 3 JאWא( Level-Pressure-temperature )K 4 Jא( Actuating signal ) )50%,1000( Volts−− 5 Jא( Disturbance signal ))50%,1000( Volts−− 6 Jאא( Controlled variable ))50%,1000( Volts−− 7 Jא( Pressure transducer gain potentiometer )K 8 Jאאא( Pressure transducer zero potentiometer )K 9 Jאא٢K

10 Jא٢%)1000( −K 11 J٢L( manual/automatic )K 12 J٢( On/Off )K 13 Jאא١K 14 Jא١%)1000( −K 15 J١L( manual/automatic )K 16 J١( On/Off )K


- ٥٩ -

אאא،אF٤ J٥EK

אF٤ J٥EWאאא

אאאW

17 JFMPCT/FKE 18 JאMinreg 19 JAD/DAK 20 JאאK 21 Jא( Fuses )אאK 22 JAHzV 6,6050,220 −K 23 JאK 24 JאK 25 Jא٢K 26 Jא١K 27 JאK 28 J100−pt 29 JאARTANK


- ٦٠ -

אאא( Process simulator )W

א( process simulator )אאKאאאאאאאKא

F٤ J٦EאאאK

אF٤ J٦EWאK

אאאW 30 Jא١K 31 Jאאא١K 32 JאאאK 33 J( Thermometer ) K 34 JאאאK 35 JאK 36 JאK 37 JאK 38 JUK 39 Jאאא٢K


- ٦١ -

40 Jא٢K 41 JאK 42 JK 43 JאאאK


- ٦٢ -

אא אא

אW

MPCT/L،אאאאF٤ J٧EאW

אF٤ J٧EWאאMPCT/LK

W אא

x א١אאאאאא n א٢אאאאאאא

y אאאא،א

אאא،אאK


- ٦٣ -

אאאW אאאאW

١K אאאאאאK ٢K אאאא

F٤ J٨EאW

אF٤ J٨WEאאאK

٣K א،אF1EאF٤ J٤KE ٤K אאF14EF10E١٢א0K ٥K א١F15Eא٢F11EMANK ٦K אא١F16Eא٢F12EONK ٧K אאF14EF10Eאא0

100%FאאאF4EF5KE ٨K אאאאאאאK


- ٦٤ -

٩K א،אאא٢٣٪אK ١٠K א?PR/LIVK? ١١K אאאא٢F10EK ١٢K אא،אאOFFSETF8Eאא،א

?000K? ١٣K אאF14EאאF100%KE ١٤K אאאF7Eא

100%K ١٥K אא١١١٤אF7EאF8Eא

אK ١٦K אאא٢K ١٧K אא٢F16EF12EאOFFK ١٨K אF15EF11EאAUTOK ١٩K אF2EPCK ٢٠K MPCT/LK ٢١K אF16EF12EONK

Wאאאא( On-Off Controller )W

אא،אאאאאאא50 %א،5 %א،50 %

Kאא30 %KאאאW

١K אאאFאאאEאW • אF3E? PR/LIV?K • אF2E?PC?K


- ٦٥ -

• אאאF37EK • א١٢LF11EF15E?AUTO?K • א١٢אF12EF16EONK

٢K MPCT/LאK ٣K " Main menu "אאא" MPCT level " אOKK ٤K אא( File → New ) K ٥K ?Select Exercise Type??On-Off Regulator?אOKK ٦K אא" Operator "אאא?Test

description?אOKK ٧K " Set Point Setup "א" Set point = 50 % "OK K ٨K ?On-Off Parameters?אאW

אOK ٩K ?Noise Setup?אאW

אOK ١٠K אא? time diagram?א" noise "

" Enable "K ١١K אא" Start "K ١٢K אאאאאאK

אאF٤ J٩KE

Hysteresis = 5 %Open time = 2 sGain = 0.5

DC Function ( Continuous noise ) Amplitude = 30 % Offset = 0 %


- ٦٦ -

אF٤ J٩WEאאאMPCT/LKא

א " Gain "FאאE0.5 1.0 K

אאאאאאKאאאאא( Set Point , Param , Noise ) K

אאאW ١٣K " Set point "א60 % K ١٤K " Param " אא،א،אK ١٥K " Noise "אאאאW

• א" square wave "K • א" triangular wave "K • " sinusoidal disturbance "K • א" random "K

אאאאאK


- ٦٧ -

١٦K אא? stop?? cancel ?K ١٧K אאאא

א( File → save )K ١٨K אאאאאאא

File-Data-BrowseאFile-Data-BrowseאK ١٩K אL،אK ٢٠K אFileCloseK ٢١K אאא٢K

Wאאא( PID Controller )W

אאאאאאאא،50 %אא،286 % א0.5

min אא،0 min. Kאא30 %KאאאW

١K אאאא١٤K ٢K " Select Exercise Type "א" PID Regulator " אOKK ٣K אאאא" Test description "אOKK ٤K " Set Point Setup "א" Set point = 50 % "OKK ٥K " PID Parameters "אאאW

אOK K

Proportional Band = 286 % Integrative time = 0.5 min Derivative time = 0 min


- ٦٨ -

٦K " Noise Set up "אאאW

אOK K ٧K " Manual Alignment "אא" Regulating signal "

٠אOK K ٨K " time diagram "א" Enable "K ٩K אא" Start "K

١٠K אאאאאאK

אאF٤ J١٠E

אF٤ J١٠WEאאPIDMPCT/LK

DC Function ( Continuous noise ) Amplitude = 30 % Offsite = 0 %


- ٦٩ -

אאאאאKאאאאא( Set Point , Param , Noise ) K

אאאW ١١K " Set point "א60 % K ١٢K " Param " אאאא،אאK ١٣K " Noise "אאאאW


אאאאאK ١٤K אא? stop?? cancel ?K ١٥K אאאא

א( File → save )K ١٦K אאאאאאא

File-Data-BrowseאFile-Data-BrowseאK ١٧K אL،אK ١٨K אFileCloseK ١٩K אאא٢K

א،אאאF٤–١١EאאW

• אZ50 % • אאאא60 %K • אא٨אאא60 %K • אאאK • אאF٤ J١٢KE


- ٧٠ -

אF٤ J١١WEאאPIDMPCT/L

אK

אF٤–١٢EWאאPIDMPCT/L

،א60%אK


- ٧١ -

אא אאאאא

אW

MPCT/P،אאאF٤ J١٣EאW

אF٤ J١٣EWאאMPCT/PK

אא

x א١אאאאאאא،אאאK

n א٢אאאאאא،

אאK y אאFאEאאאאאK


- ٧٢ -

،אאMPCT/PאאאF٤ J١٣EאאאאאאאK

אFאאEאאWאא" On-Off Controller "אאאא" PID

Controller "K

אאאW Wאאאא


F٤ J١٤EאW

אF٤ J١٤WEאאאאאMPCT/PK


- ٧٣ -

٣K א،אF1EK ٤K אאF14EF10E١٢א0K ٥K א١F15Eא٢F11EMANK ٦K אא١F16Eא٢F12EONK ٧K אאF14EF10Eאא

0100%،אאאF4EF5KE ٨K ،אאאא

syringeKאא،אאאאאאאאאK

٩K א،אאא٢3 %אK ١٠K א?PR/LIVK? ١١K אאאאא٢אאF10EK ١٢K א0 Volts،א

אאאF8EאK ١٣K א١א٣٠٠אFא

אMax pressureKEאאאאאאאאK

١٤K אF6E100%KאאאF7EאאK

١٥K אא١١١٤אF7EאF8EאאK

١٦K אאאאF14KE ١٧K אא١٢F16EF12EאOFFK ١٨K אF15EF11EאAUTOK ١٩K אF2EPCK ٢٠K MPCT/PK ٢١K אF16EF12EONK


- ٧٤ -

אאא( PID Controller )W

אאאאאאא( PID Controller )KאאW • אW35 %K • אאW286 %K • אאW0.5K • אאW٠K • אWא10 %K

אאW ١K אאFאאאEאW

• אF3E?PR/LIV? • אF2E?PC? • אאאF37EK • א١٢LF11EF15E?AUTO?K • א١٢אF12EF16EONK

٢K MPCT/PK ٣K אא( File → New )K ٤K " Select Exercise Type "א" PID Regulator " אOKK ٥K אאאא" Test description "אOKK ٦K " Set Point Setup "א" Set point = 35 % "OKK ٧K " PID Parameters "אאאW

אOK K ٨K " Noise Set up "אאאW



- ٧٥ -

אOK K ٩K " Manual Alignment "אא" Regulating signal "

٠אOK K ١٠K " time diagram "א" Enable "K ١١K אא" Start "K ١٢K אאאאאאK

אאF٤–١٥KE

אF٤ J١٥EאאאאPIDMPCT/PK

DC Function ( Continuous noise ) Amplitude = 10 % Offsite = 0 %


- ٧٦ -

אאאאאKאאאאא( Set Point , Param , Noise ) K

אאאW ١٣K " Set point "א40 % K ١٤K " Param " אאאא،אאK ١٥K " Noise "אאאאW


אאאאאK ١٦K אא? stop?? cancel ?K ١٧K אאאא

א( File → save )K ١٨K אאאאאאא

File-Data-BrowseאFile-Data-BrowseאK ١٩K אL،אK ٢٠K אFileCloseK ٢١K אאא٢K

אF٤ J١٥Eא35א % 40 %،

א50 % Kא10 % 25 % K

אאF٤ J١٦EאאאאPID א،אא35 %50 % א،(

Sinusoidal noise )K


- ٧٧ -

אF٤ J١٦WEאאאאPIDMPCT/P(

sinusoidal noise )Kא35%50%K W

אאK


- ٧٨ -

אא אא אאא

אW

MPCT/Tאאאאא،אאF٤ J١٧EאW

אF٤ J١٧EאאאאMPCT/TK

אאאאMixerK

אא x א٢אאאא،K n א١אאאא،K

y אאאא،אאא

אK


- ٧٩ -

אFאאאEאאאWאאאאאאK

אאאW אאאאאW


F٤ J١٨EאW

אF٤ J١٨EWאאאאאאMPCT/TK

٣K א،אF1EK ٤K אאF14EF10E١٢א0K ٥K א١F15Eא٢F11EMANK ٦K אא١F16Eא٢F12EONK


- ٨٠ -

٧K אאF14EF10Eאא0100%FאאאF4EF5KE

٨K א،אאא٢٣٪אK ٩K אאאאאאK

١٠K אF20FEאאEאאK ١١K אאF3E" TEMP " K ١٢K אאא80אF33KE ١٣K אאאאאאF14EF10KE ١٤K אF16EF12EOFFK ١٥K אF15EF11EAUTOK ١٦K אF2EPCK ١٧K MPCT/TאK ١٨K אאF16EF12EONK


- ٨١ -

אאאא( PID Controller )W

אאאאאאאא،45 %אא،286 % א

0.5 min א،א0 min. Kאא10 %KאאאW

١K אאאאFאאאEW • אF3E" TEMP "K • אF2E" PC "K • אF20EONאאF32EאK • אאF43EאK • א١٢F11EF15EAUTOK • אאF12EF16EONK

٢K MPCT/TאK ٣K אK ٤K " Select Exercise Type "א" PID Regulator " אOKK ٥K אאאא" Test description "אOKK ٦K " Set Point Setup "א" Set point = 35 % "OKK ٧K " PID Parameters "אאאW

אOK K ٨K " Noise Set up "אאאW

אOK K


DC Function ( Continuous noise ) Amplitude = ٢0 % Offsite = 0 %


- ٨٢ -

٩K " Manual Alignment "אא" Regulating signal "٠אOK K

١٠K " time diagram "א" Enable "K ١١K אא" Start "K

אאאאאאK

אאF٤ J١٩KE

אF٤ J١٩WEאאאאאPIDMPCT/TK

אאאאאKאאא

אא( Set Point , Param , Noise ) K אאאW

١٢K " Set point "א40 % K


- ٨٣ -

١٣K " Param " אאאא،אאK ١٤K " Noise "אאאאW


אאאאאK ١٥K אא? stop?? cancel ?K ١٦K אאאא

( File → save )Kא١٧K אאאאאאאFile-

Data-BrowseאFile-Data-BrowseאK ١٨K אL،אK ١٩K אFileCloseK ٢٠K אאא( 32 )K

אF٤ J٢٠EF٤ J٢١EאאאאאאK


- ٨٤ -

אF٤ J٢٠EWאאאאאPIDMPCT/T

( sinusoidal noise )K

אF٤ J٢١WEאאאאאPIDMPCT/T

א( square wave noise )K

אאאאאא

אאאא

א

א

א

אא

א

א

א

٥

א ٢٥٤ אא אאFE אאאא

- ٨٥ -

א،אאאאאא،אאא

א،אאא،אאאאאK

אאאאFאKEאאK


- ٨٦ -

אאאא

אאWאאאאK

אאWאאאאKאאאאאK

אאאW אא٩٠٪

אאאאW٤K

אאW GאK

GאFEK



- ٨٧ -

WאאאאW אאאאא85-HSFאאF٥ J١WE

• אWאK • אWאאJet-pipe،אא

Flapper nozzleK • WאאON/OFF،،א

אאאאאK • W،א،،א

אK • אW،אL،

אאאK • אWאא

אאאK • אאWא

אאא،אאK •

אאאK

אF٥ J١WEאאאא85א-HS

Wאא


- ٨٨ -

،אאאא

אאאאא،אאאאW ١K אאאאF٥ J٢EאאK

אF٥ J٢EWאא85-HSK

٢K אא?ONF?אא٥ J٢EK ٣K אאFSERVO CONTROLE?ON?

אאא?ONK? ٤K אאאאFא٥٣KE

W GCommand A WOFFFE

GCommand BWOFFFE


- ٨٩ -

GCommand A-Bא?WAF?E GCH1-CH2א?WCH1F?E

אF٥ J٣EWאK

٥K אאא(Command A)אCOMMAND VOLTAGEK

אאPotentiometerK ٦K אאאA-B READ BFEא

COMMAND AKאאאאאCommand BKאאאCOMMAND A0.0

אאאאFfully CCWKE ٧K אאאCOMMAND BאCOMMAND VOLTAGEK

אאA-B READBKאאאCOMMAND B0.0אאאFfully CCWKE

٨K אCOMMAND AאאCH1אF٥ J٤EKאFEEDBACK

VOLTAGEאCOMM AKא0.000אvoltsAOFFK


- ٩٠ -

אF٥ J٤EWאACH1K

٩K אCOMMAND AONFE،COMM Aא

אאCH1KאאאCOMMAND VOLTAGEFEEDBACK VOLTAGEאאא،K

١٠K אא-10.000voltsאאאאCOMMAND AאאאK

١١K אאאF٥ J١EאאCOMMAND VOLTAGEFEEDBACK VOLTAGEW

FEEDBACK Voltage ( V)COMMAND Voltage ( V)אDial setting

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


- ٩١ -

F٥ J١E

١٢K אF٥ J٥Eאא،٠٩א٠א٩١٠Kא١٠א

אאאאאאK

אF٥ J٥WEאאאK

١٣K אאאאאאאאאאאאאאREFERENCE MARK،

אאF٥ J٦KE

אF٥ J٦Eא1.0אK

١٤K אCommandאאFeedbackאאDial setting،1.0אF٥ J١KE

١٥K אאCommand Aאאאא١٣١٤Dial settingאאF٥ J١EאאאK


- ٩٢ -

אאאאK10+אvolts-10voltsK

١٦K Feedback CH1-CH2CH2FKEא0.000 VoltsCH2K

١٧K A-B READB،אאF٥ J٧EKCOMMAND VOLTAGE V000.10−

אF٥ J٧EWא

١٨K אCOMMAND BONFEאא،

Feedback CH2KאאאCOMMANDאאFEDDBACKאF٥ J٢EאW

אא

FEEDBACK VOLTAGE ( V )א

COMMAND VOLTAGE (V) אDial setting

0

1

2


- ٩٣ -

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

F٥ J٢E

١٩K אאאCOMMAND Bאאא1.0אאאאK

٢٠K א١٩אאKאאאאKא Volts10+ Volts10−K

٢١K אאאאOFFאאאOFFK


- ٩٤ -

אא אא

אאW

אאW אאאW

١K אK ٢K אאאאK ٣K אאאאK ٤K אא ٥K אאW

Gא( Polarity )K Gא( Saturation )K Gא( Gain )K

Amplifier GA

Cylinder

∫ cylGאא Servo valve

Gsv

Rectifier LVDT

א

א

א

אF٥ J٨WEא85-HS


- ٩٥ -

אאאW

אאאאאאK،אאאאא

אאK אאF٥ J٩E

א85-HSKאאאאK אאאאLVDT،אאא،

אאאא،אאאKKKKאאאאאאאאK

אF٥ J٩EWא85-HSK

אW

אF٥ J٩Eאאא85-HSKאאאאאאאF٥ J٨EKא

אאKאאאאאאW ١K אאאAאאK


- ٩٦ -

٢K אאאאFcable no. 16219EאK

٣K אאBK ٤K אאcable no.16218

אאאK ٥K אאאא

אאאאאK

אאW

אאא،אאאאאאK

אאאאLאActuator/TransducerאאאאאאK

אאאKאאאא،K

،אאאאא،אאKאא،א

אאKאאאLאActuator/transducerאאאאאKא

אאאאF٥ J١٠KE


- ٩٧ -

F٥א J١٠EWK

אאאF٥ J١٠Eאא

אאאKאאאאאLVDTKאאא2.0 inch،א0 VoltsK

אאKאאKאאאK،אאFGfE2.0 Volts/inchK

،אאאאאאאאKאאאF٥ J١٠EאK


- ٩٨ -

אאW אאK

JאאאWאKאאא،אאאKאאאא،אאF٥ J١١EK

JאאWאא3.0VoltsKאאאאאKאאאKא

،אאאאאK JאאאאWאאאא

KאאKאאא،אא،אאאK

JאאWאא5.0 inches،אא-3.0voltsKאאאK،

אאאאאאKאא+3.0 volts-3.0 voltsK


- ٩٩ -

אF٥ J١١WEאאאK

אאWאאWFא٥ J١٢E

JאWאאאא،אאVolts0.3+Volts0.3−K

JאאWאאVolts0.1−KאVolts0.4−volts0.4)0.3()0.1( −=−+−KאאאאK

JאאWאאא،אאאVolts0KאאאאאK


- ١٠٠ -

JאאWאאVolts0.1+אאאאKאאInches5.2א،Volts0.1−אא

Volts0.1−K

אF٥ J١٢WEאאאK


- ١٠١ -

אPOLARITYW ،אאאא

KאאאאאאאKאא

KאאאאK אא،אHARDOVER،אא

א،אKאFHARDOVEREא،א،א

אKאאW JאWאאHiLoאאאK JאאאWאאאABK JאאWאאאK JאWאא،אK

אאאאאאF٥ J١٠Eאא،F٥ J١٣EאK

אאWאאF٥א J١٣E

JאWאאאאHiLoKאאאאאKא0אvoltsא0voltsK

JאאWא+3.0voltsKא+3.0voltsאאאאK

JאאWאאא،אא+1.0 volts+2.0 voltsKKKKKא+3.0volts،אK

Jא،אHARDOVERWאא4 inch،אא+4.0voltsKאא+7 volts

אHARDOVERK


- ١٠٢ -

אF٥ J١٣EWאאאK

א( Saturation effect ) W

אאאאאאאאKא،אאאא

אאאKאאא،אאאאKאאאK

אאאא،אאKא،אאא

אאאאK


- ١٠٣ -

אאאאאKאאאKאאאW

WאאאW

אAmp Gain=5 ma/volt אאאServo valve Size=2.5 gpm max @ 10 ma

אאאא،F٥ J١٤EאSaturationK

אF٥ J١٤EWאאK

אT1א،0volts+4voltsKאאא

+4.0volts20 maאKא10 maא( saturated )אאאאאאK

אT2אאא،אאKאאא( Slew velocity )אאאF٥ J١٤EK

אT2T3אאאא(saturated )K

אT3אא،10 maKאאאאK


- ١٠٤ -

אT4א،א5 maא50%K אT5אאאאא،KאאK

א( Gain ) W

אאKאאאK5 ma/volt،אא

2.0 voltsKאאא2.0 volts،אאאאא1א inchאאאK

אא1.0 ma/voltא،א4 ma،א40%אKאאאא،KאאאאK

א( Effect of load )W

אאאאKא،،אאKא

אאאKאאאאאאK

אאאאאK

אW

אאW ١K אאאאK ٢K K ٣K אאאאאK ٤K אאאאK ٥K אK ٦K K


- ١٠٥ -

GאאW

אModel No א 85-HPS אא 85-HDPאא

81 J100 אא 85-SCא

85-SLD אאLVDT 16215 אא 16218 אאא 16219 אאאLVDT 16210 אא 16231אאא

אאWאאאאK

א،אאאאאאאK

١K אאאאF٥ J١٥EאאאאאאK


- ١٠٦ -

אF٥ J١٥WEאאאאK

٢K אאאאאאאאK ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאK ٥K אאW

• אAWOFF • אBWOFF • אA-B READWA • אInt/PropWProp • אאאServo Amp GainW0.10 • Command AWVolts000.0 • אGain sensitivityWC • CH1-CH2 ReadWCH2


- ١٠٧ -

٦K אאאMultimeterread DC currentKאאK

٧K אאאא،אאLVDTKאאLoad valveאאאmanifold servoאא،W

• אאאאF٥ J١٦EK • אאאאK

אF٥ J١٦EWאאאLVDTK


- ١٠٨ -

• אאאW אLVDT phase adjustW5.0K אLVDT excitation voltageW10.0K אLVDT freq. AdjustmentW10.0 MaxK CH1-CH2 Read switchWCH2K

אאאאאK • אWאאא،אאאא

،אאאאKאאKא،אאאא1011voltsא،

אK • ،אאאאא

אK • אאWאאאא4.0inch،

אאK • אWאאאא2.0א inchKא

0.000 voltsKא،אאאאא،F٥ J١٧EKאא0.000 volt

אKאאLVDTK • אWאאאKאאא

8.000 voltsKאא16 volts4 inchesKאא4volts/inKאאאK


- ١٠٩ -

אF٥ J١٧EWאאאאK

٨K אאא16218אK ٩K אאא450psig/3105kpaK

١٠K אאאאאאK ١١K אאאאאA،BCאאKא

אKאא0.000א maKאאK

١٢K אאאא5.0K ١٣K אAK ١٤K אאCommand Aאא

אאK ١٥K אאאאאא

אאKאF٥ J٣KE


- ١١٠ -

אCurrent

אFeedback

Command A

0.0

+1.0

+2.0

+4.0

+6.0

-1.0

2.0 J 4.0 J 6.0 J

١٦K אאאBאאא،K

אאKאאאKאאאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

١٧K אK ١٨K אאאA،אאאAא

2.0 voltsKאאLVDTאאאא1.0א inchKא2.0 volts/inchK

١٩K אאאאאאאאKאא0 voltsK

٢٠K אאאAVolts000.3+BVolts000.1−K ٢١K אAאKאאאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK


- ١١١ -

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٢٢K אאאאאBONAOFF

אKאאאK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٢٣K אאHiDLoAאאאKא

אאKאHARDOVERKאאBאKאK


٢٤K אHiALoDK ٢٥K AONBOFFK

אאW

،אאאאאאK

١K אא،אאאאא5.0 voltsKאאAONא5.0א inchesKא٢

Fא=5.0KE אFvoltsE

א10.0 אFvoltsE

א5.0 א

scale position

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

3.5


- ١١٢ -

٢K אאאAאאאאאאKאAK

٣K א10.0אא١٢אא،٣אKאאאאאK

٤K אאאA3.5 inchesKאאKK


٥K אLVDT5.0K

אאWאאאאאא

א،אאאKאאאאאאK

١K ،אאאאCommand Aא+1.000volts ٢K אאInt/PropIntK


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٣K אאאK


- ١١٣ -

אאאWאאאאא

،אאאאאאK ١K ،אאאW

• AWOFFK • BWOFFK • Int/PropWPropK • Command AW2.0 voltsK Linear position GainW8.0Kאאא •• אAmp Gain SensitivityWAK

٢K אאאאא10.0אKאK


٣K ،אאKאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٤K אאא0.0

אאW

א،אאאאK

١K ،אאאאאאאAON،אA+6.000voltsK

٢K אאAOFFK


- ١١٤ -

٣K אאAONאאא-6.000voltsK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٤K אאאאAOFFK ٥K אאCK ٦K אא٣٤K

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٧K אאאאא٣٤

אKאאאK ٨K אאאAOFFK

אאWאLOAD

אאאspringאאאאאKאא

אK ١K ،אאאאW

• אאאW7.0K • אWC

٢K אאא16128אאאK ٣K אאאאאF A , B ,CEאאKא

אאאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאK ٥K אאAONאאאאא

K ٦K אאאK ٧K אאאF٥ J١٨E،

אK


- ١١٥ -

אF٥ J١٨EWאK

٨K אאא450 psig/3105 kpaK ٩K אאא5.0אDK

١٠K אאAאאאא3/4א"אאK

١١K א١אאK ١٢K אאאאאאK

אFVoltsEError אFVoltsEFeedback אFVoltsECommand A אScale

position Inches

High gain

Low gain

High gain

Low gain

High gain

Low gain

3/4

1-1/8

١٣K אאאAאאאא١١١٢1 J1/8"K

١٤K אAאאK ١٥K אאאא7.0אCK


- ١١٦ -

١٦K אא١٠١٣א،אאאאא1 J1/4"K

١٧K אאא،אאKאD،EאK

אאK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

١٨K אCאאBKאאאאKאאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

١٩K אאAאאאאאאKאאK

٢٠K אאאאאאK

א ٢٥٤ אא

אאFE

אא

1. Study of Automatic Control ( IBC1/SO5157-1V) . LUCAS-NULLE

company. 2. Temperature Measurement ( IMT1/SO5157-2M )K LUCAS-NULLE

company. 3. Pressure, Fluid level and Flow-Through Measurements. ( IMT1 /

SO5157-2Q ) . LUCAS-NULLE company> 4. Application of control circuits ( IMT1/SO5157-1X). LUCAS-NULLE

company. 5. ELECTROHYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEMS. AMATROL. 6. MODULAR PROCESS CONTROL TRAINER JUSER MANUAL.

DIDACTA ITALIAK 7. OUTLINE OF CONTROL THEORY FOR DIDACTA EQUIPMENT.

DIDACTA ITALIA. 8. MPCT SOFTWARE. DIDACTA ITALIA. 9. Introduction to control system technology- fifth edition. Robert-

N.Bateson. Prentice Hall. 10. Feed back Control systems. Bruns and saunders. Mc Graw-Hill 1995K 11. Control systems Engineering-third edition. Norman S.Nise. John

Wiley & Sons, IncK

אאא ١K אאKLאKא،א١٩٨٩K

א ٢٥٤ א

אאFE

א

אאWאא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١ אאWאאאאא100−pt KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ אאWאאאאאאNTC-probe KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩ אאWאאאאאאThermocouple KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٦

אאWאאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٦

אאאWאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢٧ אאWאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣٢ אאWאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣٧

אאWא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤٣

אאWאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤٤ אאWאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤٨

אאאWא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥٢

אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥٣ אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥٥

אאWאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦١ אאWאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٧٠

אאWאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٧٧

א ٢٥٤ א

אאFE

אאWאאאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٨٥

אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٨٦ אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٨٧

אאWאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٩٣ WאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٠٢

אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١١٧ אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١١٨

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