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621.753(07) 193
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2005
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621.753(07) 193
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120200— « »
2005
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621.753(07)
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: - , 2005. — 530 .
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© . ., 2002.
ISBN 5-696-01894-7 © , 2002.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. . ,.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.4. . . . . . . 19 1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.5.3.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.5.3.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.5.4.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1.7. . . . . . . 31 1.8. . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1.9. . . . . . . 32 1.10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2. 2.1. . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2. 2.3. 2.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.3.2. ( ) . . . . . . 36 37 2.3.3. . . . 2.4. ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.4.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 41 2.4.5. . . 2.5. ( ) - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . 43 2.6. . . . 2.7. 2.7.1. ( ) . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.2. ( ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . 2.8. . 2.8.1. 2.8.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.8.1.2. 2 . . . . . . 2.9. 2.9.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2.9.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3. 3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . 63 3.2. - . 3.2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.2.1.1. . . . . . 63 3.2.1.2. . . . . 75 3.2.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 84 3.4. . . 3.5. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3.6. . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.7. . . 93
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- 4 -
3.7.1. . 94 - . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4.1. . 3.1109-82, 98 2064-79, 2522-80, 2523-80) . . . 4.2. -. . - 103 14.004-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. -. 4.3.1. - ( 14.201-73... 14.204-73) . . . 105 4.4. . . . . . . . . . 106 4.4.1. . . . . . . . 107 4.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 4.4.4. . . . . . . 115 4.4.5. , . . 116 4.4.6. . . . . . 116
5. 5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 5.2. . . . . . . . . . 118 . . . . 119 5.2.1. . . . 5.3. 5.3.1. - . . . . . 120 5.3.2. - . . . . . . . . . . . 120 . 120 5.3.3. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5.5. . . . . . . 124 5.5.1. . . . . . . 125 125 5.5.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6. -. 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 5.8. . . . . . 133
6. 6.1. 6.1.1. — . 1 . . . . . . . 133 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 6.1.2. — . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 . . . . . . . . 140 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.3. — 6.1.3.1. . . . . . 142 6.1.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 150 6.1.3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.3.4. — 151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.3.5. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 6.1.3.6. — . . . 156 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 . 161 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.3.7. -. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 6.1.3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
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6.1.3.9. . 174 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 . . . . . . . . 183 6.1.3.10. . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2. — — 6.2.1. 6.2.1.1. — . . . 183 6.2.1.2. — . . . . 185 6.2.2. — . . 188 192 6.3. . . . . . . . 6.4. ,- 6.4.1. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 196 6.4.2. . . . . . . . 6.5.
, 6.5.1. 6.5.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 6.5.1.1.1. 1 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 6.5.1.1.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 6.5.1.1.3. 6.5.1.2. 2 6.5.1.2.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 6.5.1.2.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 6.5.1.2.3. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 6.5.1.2.4. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 6.5.1.2.5. 6.5.1.3. 3 6.5.1.3.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 . . . . . 220 6.5.1.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5.2. 6.5.2.1. 1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 6.5.2.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 6.5.2.1.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 6.5.2.1.3. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 6.5.2.1.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 6.5.2.1.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 6.5.2.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 6.5.2.2.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 6.5.2.2.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
7. . . . . . 231 7.1. .. . . . . . . . . . 233 . . 234 7.1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1.1. ( ) 7.1.1.1.1. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 . . . 237 7.1.1.1.2. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1.2. ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 7.1.1.2.1. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 7.1.1.2.2. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 7.1.1.2.3. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 7.1.1.2.4. 5 . . . . . . . . 7.1.2. 7.1.2.1. ( ) 247 7.1.2.1.1. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 7.1.2.2.1. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 7.1.2.2.2. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 7.2. . . . . . . . . . 250 . 250 7.3. 7.4. - . . . . . . . . . . . 251
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7.5. - 6 . . . . . . . . 253 . . . . . . . 254 7.6. . . . . . 7.7. 7.7.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 7.7.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 7.7.3. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 7.7.4. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 7.7.5. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 7.7.6. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 8. . . . . . 261
8.1. 8.1.1. . 261 . 263 8.1.2. 8.2. 8.2.1. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 266 8.2.1.1. . . . . . . . . 8.2.1.1.1. -. . 269 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.1.2. ( ) . . . . 269 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
9.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 9.2. . . . . . 272 9.2.1. . 272 . 272 9.2.2. 9.2.3. 9.2.3.1. 2, 3 4 7 8 . . . 272 9.2.3.2. ( ) 6 . 273 9.2.3.3. 5 6 . . . . . . . 273 9.2.3.4. 7 8 6 . . . . 275 10.
. 275 10.1. . 10.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 10.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 11.
. . . . . . . . . . 284 11.1. 11.1.1. 11.1.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 11.1.1.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 11.1.1.3. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 11.1.1.4. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 11.1.1.5. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 11.1.1.6. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 12.
12.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 12.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 12.1.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 12.1.3. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 12.1.4. 1 2 . 295 12.1.5. 1. 2 . . . . . . 297 12.1.6. 2. 2 . . . . . . 298 12.1.7. . 1 . . . . . . . 299 12.1.8. . 3 . . . . . . . 301 12.1.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 12.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 12.2.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 12.2.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 12.2.3. 1 2 . 308 12.2.4. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 12.2.4.1. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 12.2.4.2. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
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12.2.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 12.2.5. 2. 1 . . . . . . 313 12.2.5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 12.2.6. 3. 1 . . . . . . 316 12.2.7. 4. 1 . . . . . . 318 12.3. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 12.3.1. . . . . . . 328 12.3.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 12.3.1.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 . . . 332 12.3.1.3. . . . 12.3.2. 12.3.2.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 12.3.2.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 . . . . . . 342 12.4. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1. 12.4.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 12.4.1.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . 348 12.4.1.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 12.4.1.2.1. 2 . . . . . . . . . . 351 12.4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 12.4.2.1. 1. 1 . . . . . 352 12.4.2.2. 2. 1 . . . . . 354 12.4.2.3. 3. 1 . . . . . 357 12.4.2.4. . 2 . . . . . . 358
1.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 1.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 1.5.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 1.5.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 1.5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 2.9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 2.9.1.1. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 2.9.1.2. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 2.9.1.3. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 2.9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 3.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 3.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 3.7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 3.7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 6.1.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 6.1.3.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 6.1.3.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 6.5.1.2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 6.5.1.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 6.5.2.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 6.5.2.1.4 6.5.2.1.5 6.5.2.1.5.1. 1. 2 . . . . . . . . 390 6.5.2.1.5.2. 1. 3 . . . . . . . . 393 6.5.2.1.5.3. 2. 2 . . . . . . . . 394 6.5.2.1.5.4. , . . . . 395 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
1. " " " " 1.1. 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 1.2. 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 . . . . . . . . . 398 1.3. 10000 . . . 2. 6636-69 ( 514-77). , . . . . . . . . 399 3. 8908-81. . . . . . . . . . 399 399 4. 8908-81. . . . . . . . . 5. 2789-73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 . . 6. Rz Df . . 400 6.1. . . . . . . . 6.2. . . . . . . . . . . 400
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- 8 -
7. , . 401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. - - 10% 401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 9. - 10% - 403 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 10. -- 10% - . 404 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 11.
- 10% 404 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. -- 10% -. 405 . . . . . . . . . 13. -- 10% - . 405 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. - 406 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. -,, " " - 407 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. -,, " " - 408 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. -, , 408 " " , . . . . . . . 18. -,, " " - 408 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. -,, " " - 409 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. -,, " " - 409 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- 21. , -, " " - 410 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. -, . . 410 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. . . 411 , 24. -. . 412 , . . . . . . . . . . . 25.
- 9 -
- 9 -
, -. . 412 , . . . . . . . . . . . . 26. , -. 412 , . . . . . . . . . . . 27. -, 27.1. 413 ( , ) . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2. - 414 ( , ) . . . . . . . . 27.3. ( , . 414 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28. ( -, ),. 414 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29. - ( ). . . . . 415 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30. 7505-89. 416 30.1. . . 30.2. 417 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3. , 418 , . . . . 30.4. 418 , . . . . . . . . . 30.5. . 418 , . . . . . . 30.6. - 419 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7. 419 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8. , . . . . . . 419 419 30.9. , . . . . . . 30.10.
-. 420 . . . . . . . . . . . - 31. 26645-85 ( 8062-84) 1855 55, 2009-55. . 420 . . . . . 31.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 32. ( 2590-71) . . 422 33. ( 2591-71) . 423 34. ( 2879-69) 423 ) . . 424 35. ( 103-76 36. , . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 37…39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 37. «Visual KursAR» . . . . . . . . . 427 . 523 38. - . 39. «» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
- 10 -
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- 11 -
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- 13 -
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. -.
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— , -.
— , -.
. (1.9.2) 3 -1, 2, 1, 2, 2 1 ( . . 1.7 1.8, . 14).
, 2 ( ),
. ,. , -
, -, .
( . . 1.9, . 15) (1.9.2). -
3, 3, 5, 6, 7, ,. ( . . 1.1…1.3 1.5, . 12 13)
. -, .
-- , -
.. 1.10 ( . . 17) -
:
3
1, 2, 1, 2, 2 1 — ..
, , , . " " -
.
, , -.
);
-, , -
.
( .. 1.10), ( . .
1.11…1.13, . 17 18). , . -
, , -:
, - (
, - ( ).
- 17 -
. 1.10. , , ,
. 1.11.
. 1.12.
- 17 -
- 18 -
- 18 -
0=>,
, -,
.. , ––>, -
. , <–– —.
. 1.13.
. ( ) :
=– 5+ 4+ 3+ 2– 4+ 5– 6; (1.10)
=+ 1– 2– 3– 4+ 5; (1.11)
=+ 1– 2+ 3+ 4+ 5– 6– 7– 8– 9; (1.12)
=+ 1– 2; (1.13)
=+ 1– 2+ 3+ 4+ 5. (1.14)
-
-
-
-
.14.1).
. -
5 – 6, (1.10)
: (1, 2,…,n), — " ".
(1.9.2)…(1.14).
.,
,
. (1.10)…(1.14) (1.10.1)…(1
, ( ), ,
, — ., , , ( . . 1.10…1.13, . 17 18):
0==> ––> <–– <–– <–– ––> <–– ––> = – 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 – 4 +
[3_5] = – (5_12) + (9_12) + (7_9) + (1_7) – (1_4) + (2_4) + (2_3); (1.10.1)
0==> <–– ––> ––> ––> <–– = + 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 + 5, (1.11)
[5_6] = +(1_6) – (1_7) – (7_9) – (9_12) + (5_12); (1.11.1)
- 19 -
0==> <–– ––> <–– <–– <–– ––> ––> ––> ––> = + 1 – 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9, (1.12)
[11_13]=(5_13) –(5_12) +(9_12)+(7_9)+(1_7) –(1_6)–(6_8)–(8_10) –(10_11); (1.12.1)
0==> <–– ––>
- 19 -
<–– ––> <–– <–– <––
( ) .
( — — — ).
, ,
., -
. , ,
-. ,
-. -
( , -
,-
.
= + 1 – 2, (1.13)
[12_13] = + (5_13) – (5_12); (1.13.1)
0==> = + 1 – 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, (1.14)
[1_13] = + (5_13) – (5_12) + (9_12) + (7_9) + (1+7). (1.14.1)
1.3.
-
-
, ,.
, -.
. ( ) ,
,. , -
, .
-
, , . . , -.
1.4. .
.
., , , .
,
, .) . .
.,
- 20 -
- 20 -
--
-.
, -.
-
--
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-
. -
-
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)
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).,
, . . .-
.
,, :
.
,,
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.
, . ( ), — ( ).
-.
— ,
. ,.
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— ,
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(w) — , -.
,
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( ) — .,
, ( )
— , (.
- 21 -
- 21 -
-: , ,
.
— " " " ", " " " ".
— " " " " , " " " ".
( 0 ).
( w).
:
i, (1_6) — i- ;
[5_6]
w
i- ;
;
-. 1.14…1.16 ( . . 22 23).
:
w 7= 7 ,3=2,6 .
:
7= 7max– 7min= (14_15)=(14_15)max–(14_15)min=362,6–358,8=3,8 .
, (23_26) — ( ) ;
, — " ", [5 6];
i, (1_6) — i- ;
, [5_6] — ;
i, (1_6) — i- ;
, w[5_6] — ( ) ;
w i, w(1_6) — i- ( ) ;
, [5_6] — ;
, [5_6] — ;
, (1_6) — ;
, (1_6) — ;
max, [5_6]max — ;
min, [5_6]min — ;
imax, (1_6)max — i- ;
imin, (1_6)min —
0 , 0[5_6] —
0 , 0(1_6) — ;
w , w[5_6] — ;
w , w(1_6) — .
, ,,
max– 7min=w(14_15)= (14_15)max– (14_15)min=361,9–359
—
- 22 -
- 22 -
(14_15) " ".
—
. 1.16 ( . . 22). ( min) :
min= (14_15)min–(14_15)min=359,3–358,8=+0,5 ( ).
( max) :
max=(14_15)max– (14_15)max=362,2–359,5=+0,7 ( ).
w(14_15)=2,6 (14_15)=3,8 , -, .
,.
, -.
.
. 1.14. 7=(14_15)=360 1 22 6,,
. 1.15. 0 7= 0(14_15)=+0,7 (–>|***|<–) ( 0 /2)
- 23 -
. 1.16. . . . min max
. 1.17. . .
( . . 1.17) , - ( (14_15)=w(14_15)=3,8), -
:
min = (14_15)min–(14_15)min=357,7–358,8=–1,1 ( );
max=(14_15)max– (14_15)max=362,6–361,5=+1,1 ( ).
.. 1.18 ( . . 24)
, . — , -
, .. 1.18 16
,
0 135, .
- 23 -
, - — (16_17)=16 .
— — (16_17)max=16,135 .
— — (16_17)min=15,865 .
( ) — -.
- 24 -
- 24 -
.
— :
(16_17)= (16_17)– (16_17)=+0,135–(–0,135)=0,270 .
( ) — -
(16_17)=16,135–16,000=+0,135; (16_17)=15,865–16,000=–0,135 .
—
. 1.18. . .
1.5.
1.5.1
3 , 3:
, 5 , 6 , 7 , , , ( . . 1.1…1.3, 1.5
. 360.
1.5.2
:
1.9, . 12…15).
, , , ( . . 1.19…
360 361 ( . . 1.22…1.27).
1.21).
. 1.19.
- 25 -
. 1.20. : – ; – ;; – ; – –
. 1.21.
1.5.3
. ( .
1.28…1.30 1.33…1.35, . 25…27).
. 1.28. . 1.29.
- 25 -
- 26 -
. 1.30.
; ; ; -.,
— ,
.-
( ).
, -.
,
( . . 1.31 1.32, . 26 27).
. 1.31. ( )
- 26 -
- 27 -
- 27 -
-.
.
,.
.
. 1.32. ( )
( .
-
-
.
. 1.31 1.32) ( . 1.33…1.35). -
-., -
(
) -, -
: , , , , .
. 1.33. : – ; –
. 1.34. : . 1.35. : – ; , – – ; –
- 28 -
.
.1.39…1.44).
( . . 1.32) .
1.5.3.1. 1
. 1.36…1.38 .
( . . 1.31) 362 363 ( .
363 ( . . 1.45…1.47). -
. 363
( . . 1.48…1.51). . 1.36. : – ; –
. 1.38. : – ; –
. 1.37. : – ; , –
1.5.3.2. 2
-
-
-
.
.
--
-.
.
, .
, ( . . 1.52).
. 1.52. : – ; –
- 28 -
- 29 -
- 29 -
( . . 1.36…1.38, . 27
( . .
. 365 366 ( . .
2 -, , ,
28). ( .. 1.52, . 28).
1.31 1.32, . 26 27).
364…366 ( . . 1.53…1.63). . 1.31 . 364 365 ( . . 1.53…1.56).
( . . 1.32) 1.57…1.59). . 366 ( . . 1.62 1.63).
-
, . 1.65 —
1.5.4. - ( . . 1.64…1.67).
..
. 1.64 .
. 1.64. . 1.65.
. 1.66…1.69 . -. 367.
1.5.4.1. 1 , , , M . -
, . 1.66…1.69.
. 1.67. : – ;
. 1.66.
– ; – ; – -; –
- 30 -
. 1.68. ( )
. 1.69. ( )
367…369 ( . . 1.70…1.78). . 1.68 . 367 368 ( . . 1.70…1.74). . 1.69 . 368 369 ( . . 1.75 1.76).
. 369 ( . . 1.77 1.78).
1.6.
— ,,
.
., , : , -
, , , , .-
, , -.
-,
..
- 30 -
- 31 -
- 31 -
( -.
| , |
50 | | 0000||||‘-------------------------------------------------------------------------’
-.
-, -
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I 12, I 14,I 16 I 17.
),
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( ) - ( . 1, . 398).
. 1.1. 1.1
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| ||---------------+--------------------------------------------+------------|| 25346–82 | . , | 0...3150 | |( 145–75)| | | | 25347–82 | . | 0...31|( 144–75)| || 25348–82 | . , |3151...1( 177–75)| 3150 | | 25670–82 | *. | 0...10000 | ( 302–76)| | |* —
19 : 01; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16 17.
01, — 17 . 01 17.
I -, , I 13 — 13 .
1.7.
.,
12…17, :
- 32 -
-, 90 .
" " , . . ( -
- 32 -
-
1.8.
,
2, . 399): RA5,
) , " " — -. , " "
" " ( , " ", . .),.
, - ( ). -. .
( ,, -
. .) 6636-69 .
( .RA10, RA20 RA40. -
, 105 =1,6; 1010 =1,25; 1020 =1,12 1040 =1,06.
5, 10, 20 40 ..
-
RA80 ( 1080 =1,03). -
10, 100, 1000 . . -
;;
., ,
. -
, .
, -.
3 4 ( . . 399).
1.9.
-:
- ( ).
.-
.: ,
. ,. . , ,
— ., , -
( ), -
- 33 -
- 33 -
-"
"" " ".
75
,. "
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0 0430 062,,
.
,
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75 , , -
. -
— 25142-82. ,
;
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Rz, Ra.
Ra=1, .
. .), -
0 019, .. , " " 75,062,75,062
, 0,019 . -
75,062 75,043 .
1.10.
, -
,-
., , -
, 2789-73,
: ,, ; -
, .
, : -Rz —
.,
; Ra — -
5 ( . . 400). , -
Ra Rz -
Rz= Ra,
=4 Ra=80,0…2,5 ; =5 25…0,02
2.
2.1.
. — , (
, ( , ,
).
- 34 -
- 34 -
, , - (
, -
,
max-min ,, -
, .
.,
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,
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99,73% -.
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.-
: - (max-min); -; ; ;
.,
.
max-min.
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max-min, , -.
., m x-min
"N" ( 5), "N"
.,
,,.
,,
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, -. -
, .
( 5) .
0,27%
- 35 -
- 35 -
-
| — 32,0 | 10,0 | 4,55 || — . 1,00 | 0,65 | 2,00 |‘---------------------------------------------
.
, ,.
,
( ).
i- ,.
=1/6=0,167 —
( ).
,, -
.
.
;-
.-
-
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, 0,27% -.
( ). =0,27% t =3,00.
.-----------------------------------------------------------------------.1,00 | 0,27 | 0,10 | 0,01 |2,57 | 3,00 | 3,29 | 3,89 |--------------------------’-
-
-
t
i2
:
( );i =1/9=0,111 — 2
i ( );
2
i2 =1/3=0,333 —
, ,
,
, -.
2.2.
: ( — — — );
, .
, ,- ,
., .
,,
. ( ),
- 36 -
, ( ), -.
.
- 36 -
2.3.
2.3.1. -
-. 2.1).
i ( ,
5– 6=+ 1– 2+ 3– 4+ ; =+( 1+ 3+ 5)–( 2+ 6) (4+ 2.1) (2.1.1)
. 2.1. .
:
= i= i( )– i( ), (2.2)
— ; i( ) — -.
–
; i( ) —
(2.2), -:
max= i( )max i( )min; min = i( )min– i( )max. (2.3) (2.4)
max– min=
,
i( )max– ( )min–i i( )min+ i( )max. (2.5)
- (2.5) :
2.3.2. ( )
.
= )+ i( )= i, (2.6) i(
= + 5 (2.1.1) — ( 1+ 3 )+( 2+ 4+ 6). (2.7)
, . . ( ) - ( ) -
.
- ( ).
- 37 -
- 37 -
( )
= – . (2.8)
= t i TA i, w
2 2= t i wA i
(2.9)
(2.1)
2 2.
= t i TA TA TA1 2( ) . (2.10) TA TA TA2
3 4 5 62 2 2 2 2 2
2.3.3. -
max
)
min
. :
= i( – i( ); = i( )– i( ). (2.11) (2.12)
. -
. 1.15 , -
,
). (( . . 22) ,
:
i ii= i– i, 0 i=
2. (2.13) (2.14)
:
i= 0 i+TA2
; i=i
0 i–TAi2
. (2.15) (2.16)
7=360 122 6,,
7=+2,6–(–1,2)=3,8 .
0 =72 6 2, ( , )1
2=+0,7 .
: 7=+0,7+3 8,
=+2,6 , 7=0,3 8
27–
27 ( ,
,=–1,2 .
( . . 1.15)), - (2.13…2.15). -
, .:
0 =2
; (2.14.1)
= 0 +TA2
; = 0 –TA2
., (2.15.1) (2.16.1)
2.4. ( )
( ) ( ) -.
, : , -
- 38 -
- 38 -
;; ; ,
.: ;
; ; ..
2.4.1.
(2.3) (2.4). max
i -i.
-.
(2.3) (2.4) — ( . . 2.2, . 39)
.min( )= min( )=0,1 .
:
=– 1+ 1;
max=– 1min+ 1max=–7,14+8,00=0,86 ;
min= 1max+ .– 1min=–7,50+7,64=0,14
:
=+ 3– 1+ 1– 3;
max= ;
1 +
3max– 1min+ 1max– 3min=60–7,64+7,5–57,26=2,6
min= 3min– max 1min– 3max=59,81–8+7,14–58=0,95 .
:
=0,86–0,14=0,72 ; =2,60–0,95=1,65 .
( min=0,14, min=0,95 )
( min( )=
-
min( )=0,1 ),
.-
.
min= min– min( )=0,14–0,1=+0,04 .
min= min– min( )=0,95–0,1=+0,85 .
(2.12).
2.4.2.
(2.2) (2.11) (2.11)
.
- 39 -
- 39 -
(2.12)
-. (
. (2.2), (2.11)
2)
), (2.11)
(2.12) -
(2.1
.-
( . . 2.2) (2.1) (2.2):
1=8 ; 3=60 ; 1=7,5 ; 3=580 36, 0 19, 0 36, 0 74,
. 2.2. : – ; –
=– 1+ 1=–7,5+8=0,5 , =+ 3– 1+ 1– 3=60–8+7,5–58=1,5 .
(2.11) (2.12):
=– 1+ 1=–(–0,36)+0=+0,36 ,
=– 1+ 1=+0+(–0,36)=–0,36 ;
=+ 3– 1+ 1– 3=+0–(–0,36)+0–(–0,74)=+1,10 ,
=+ 3– 1+ 1– 3=+(–0,19)–0+(–0,36)–0=–0,55 .
, =0,5 0 36, ; =1,5 0 55110,,
.
.( . . 2.3):
= ––> 1 -–>\ /––> 1 --–>\ /–––>
= 1 – \ 1 = \ ,
= ––> 1 ––>/ \––> 1–-–>/ \-–––>
= ––> 0,00 -–>\ /––> 0,00 -––>\ /––> +0,36
= 8 – \ 7,5 = \ 0,5 ;
= ––> –0,36 ––>/ \––> –0,36 –-–>/ \––> –0,36
= –> 0,00 –>\ /-–> 0,00 –>\ /-–> 0,00 –>\ /–-> 0,00 –>\ /–> +1,10
1,5 .
36 –>/ \–> –0,36 –>/ \–> –0,74 –>/ \–> –0,55
( ) . -
= 60 – \ 8 + \ 7,5 – \ 58 = \
= –> –0,19 –>/ \–> –0,
. 2.3.
, — .
- , - — .
- 40 -
:
= ––––> i( ) -––––>\ /–––––> i( )
= i( ) – \ i( ) . (2.17)
= ––––> i( ) –––––>/ \–––––> i( )
2.4.3.
: (2.6) -
= i( ) – i( ) . (2.18)
-i :
, ( ).
( . . 2.2, . 39):
1=8 0 36, , 1 =7,82 0 18, ; 3=60 0 19, , 3 =59,905 0 095, ;
1=7,5 0 36, , 1 =7,32 0 18, ; 3=58 0 74, , 3 =57,63 0 37, .
,
w w , :
= 1 – 1 =7,82–7,32=0,5 ;
= 3 – 1 + 1 – 3 =59,905–7,82+7,32–57,63=1,775 .
3=0,19+0,36+0,36+0,74=1,65 ,
w = 1+ 1=0,36+0,36=0,72 .
w = 3+ 1+ 1+
-i , -
.
wK2
=0,36 , =0,5 0 36, ;
w2
=0,825 , =1,775 0 825, =1,5 0 55110,,
.
2.4.4.
:
= i= i( )– i( ); (2.2)
i(
( )
= )+ i( )= i, w = w i( )+ w i( )= w i; (2.6) (2.6.1);
( ) -
0 = 0 i( )– 0 i( ), w = w i( )– w i( ); (2.19) (2.19.1);
- 40 -
- 41 -
- 41 -
= 0 +TA wA2
, = w +2
, (2.15) (2.15.1)
= 0 –TA
= w –wA2
, . (2.16) (2.16.1) 2
- — ( . . 2.2, . 39) -
0,1 min. ,
-1, 3, 1 3,:
1=8 0 36, , 0 1=0 0 36
2
( , )=–0,18; 3=60 0 19, , 0 3=
0 0 19
2
( , )=–0,095 ;
1=7,5 0 36, , 0 1=0 0 36( , ) 0 0 74
=–0,18; 3=58 0 74, , 0 3=2 2
=–0,37 .
o :
( , )
w =– 0 1+ 0 1=–(–0,18)+(–0,18)=0;
w =+ 0 3– 0 1+ 0 1– 0 3=+(–0,095)–(–0,18)+(–0,18)–(–0,37)=+0,275 .
:
=– 1+ 1=–7,5+8,0=0,5; =+ 3– 1+ 1– 3=+60–8+7,5–58=1,5 .
:
w = 1+ 1=0,36+0,36=0,72 ;
w = 3+ 1+ 1+ 3=0,19+0,36+0,36+0,74=1,65 .
:
= w +w /2=0+0,72/2=+0,36 ,
= w –w /2=0–0,72/2=–0,36 ;
= w +w /2=+0,275+1,65/2=+1,10 ,
= w –w /2=+0,275–1,65/2=–0,55 .
, =0,5 0 36, , =1,5 0 55, .110,
2.4.5.
( .
, -, .
. -.
i -
-
, . . - (
).
..
— , -,
0 , -
).
- 42 -
- 42 -
-. (
).
,, .
2.5. ( )
:
—
; — -, ,
) (
.
. 2.1 ( . . 36).
( . . -) -
. -
,
-
-
.
, ,
, --
(.
): -
; ; ;
:
1=14 0 09, ; 2=46 0 62, ; 3=9 0 22, ; 4=25 0 52, ; 5=60 0 12, ; 6=11 0 18, .
: min( )=0,2 ; max( )=1,3 .
:
=+ 1– 2+ 3– 4+ 5– 6=+14–46+9–25+60–11=1 .
w , w , -
.
=0,27%), -
).
3 (2i =1/6=0,167 (
(2.10).
w =3 0 167 0 18 0 62 0 22 0 52 0 12 0 182 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , ) =1,08 .
o :
w =0 09 0 09
2
0 0 62
2
0 22 0
2
0 52 0
2
0 0 12
2
0 18 0
2
, ( , ) ( , ) , , ( , ) ,=
=0+0,31+0,11–0,26–0,06–0,09=+0,01 .
- 43 -
:
= w +w /2=+0,01+1,08/2=+0,55 ;
= w –w /2=+0,01–1,08/2=–0,53 .
, =1 0 530 55,,
; min=0,47; max=1,55 .
: min= min– min( )=0,47–0,2=+0,27 ;
max= max( )– max=1,3–1,55=–0,25 .
. 2.4.
. 2.4. . 2.1 ( . . 36)
w =1,08
=1,3–0,2=1,1 , -
max. ,.
2.6.
-. -
-. -
.- -
,.
. ,, , -
. :; -
; -
--
.
.,
.
- 43 -
- 44 -
- 44 -
, ( -
). --
( )
:
, ,
: ,.
4, - .
5 .
2.7.
2.7.1.
1. . 2. ( (2.2)).
3.0
( (2.19)); ( (2.6)
(2.9)) ( (2.15) (2.16));
).
. ),
, ;
(
(
2.7.2. ( )
1. ( 2. (
, . .), :
( 4. :
w ( (2.6 1)
0 i ( (2.14)) ,;
-
).
) ., -
; -
w ( (2.9));
(2.19) (2.19.1));
0 ; ,
max .
(
, -
- -
min
3. ,.
4. (2.2)). 5.
. 6. ,
:) :
; ( (2.2));
- 45 -
- 45 -
( -
2.15) (2.16)).
(2.9));
(2.14)), ,;
( () ( ):
( );-
; ( -
); (
, ( (2.14));
( (2.15) (2.16)). ) :
" " ' > -
' =N ( - ), N — ,
;' i
'i( )= 'i( ), 'i( ) 'i( ) -
-
:
-
.) :
,.
:,
,; -
;;
.
.
. — ( min=0,2; max=1,3 ) ,
, ( . 2…4, . 399);
;
( (2.14)); ,
.)
;
;;
;
-
;'
; -
.
-
:
,-
- 46 -
- 46 -
, -
( ) - ( . 1, . 398) ;
,.
.
.
:
= min+ /2– 0 , = min+w /2– w ; (2.20) (2.20.1)
/2– 0 , /2– w ; (= max– = max–w 2.21) (2.21.1)
= – 0 , = – w . (2.22) (2.22.1)
2.8.1.
1 2.
-
1 2
( . . 2.6)
) 2 -
.
:
2 = 3– 1;
2
2.8. .
2.8.1.1. 1
. 2.5
, 1 3 ( . . 2.6) - ( . . 2.5).
14 : 1=0,43 , 2=0,87 .
1=16 ; 2=820 43, 0 435,
. 2.5. . . 2.6.
2( . . 2.5) -
( -
: -
,
=82 ;
2 =+0,435 -
2 =–0,435
= 3+ 1.
,, 2 =0,87
3 1.:
i = 2 /2=0,87/2=0,435 .
- 47 -
- 47 -
( . 1, . 398) 13 0,27 ( ,
w
( . . 46): 3 1+ 2=16+82=98 .
80…120 12 i =0,435 w 3=0,35 .
:
w 2 =w 3+w 1=0,35+0,27=0,62 .
2 –w 2
1=16
,1 2 . 2.5
1=0,27 i =0,435 ).3
=
=0,87–0,62=0,25 .
, 3 0,35 , 80…150,
-
+0,25=0 6 .
3=98 , 13 0,54 . w 3=0,54 :
w 2 =w 3+w 1=0,54+0,27=0,81 .
w 2 =0,81
2 =0,87 . .
w 1=0,27 , 16 . -
-.
. 2.7 ( . 1, . 48). w 1=0,27
, , --
.
1 0,08
1 3.. 1=16 ,0 36,
0 27,
,, :
1max= 1min+w 1=15,57+0,27=15,84 ( 3).
3 1=15,84 0 27, .
–w 1=0,43–0,27=0,16.
w 1=0,27 :
1 = 1max– 1/2= 1min+ 1/2=16,00–0,43/2=15,785 ;
1=16 0 43, =15,785 0 215, , 1=15,785 0 135, =15,92 0 27, .
.2.7 ( . 2, . 48).
( 1 3) 1=16 ,
.
- 48 -
- 48 -
=0,27 .1=16
w 1
. 2.7. 1
1. .
,84 =16 .
3 ( . . 2.6, .
.-
, . .
",3=–0,54
1=16,00 0 ;27,
2.
. 1=15,92 0 27, =16 0 350 08,,
.
3.
0 27, 0 430 16,,
. 1=15
46),: ;
; ; ,3
2 , 1 3.
, - ( . . 2.7).
3–w 3=0,54 . ", —
.:
2 = 3 0 54, – 1 0 430 16,,
= 3 0 54, –16 0 430 16,,
.
2 min 2 max
2 2 2
.
— 2
(2.20.1)…(2.22.1),
3.
2 .
2 , 3.
- 49 -
- 49 -
---
(2.20.1) ---
-
(
).
. 2.8.
. 2.8 w 2 =0,81
.
2 = 2 min+w 2 /2– w 2 .
2=82 0 435, :
2min= 2+ 2=82+(–0,435)=81,565 .
: w 2 =0,81; w 2 /2=0,405 .
o
2 = 3 0 54, –16 0 430 16,,
. w 2 = w 3– w 1=
0 0 54
2
0 16 0 43
2
( , ) , ( , )=(–0,27)–(–0,295)=+0,025 .=
: 2 =81,565+0,405–(+0,025)=81,945 .
-
.
-
, ( -), :
2 ,
81,945= 3–16; 3=97,945 0 54, .
3.
3 ,,
:
(2.19) (2.19.1), ,
, ;
= 2–w 2 .
:
= 2 –w 2 =0,87–0,81=+0,06 .
:3=97,95.
3=97,945
- 50 -
0,005 min+0,005=81,565+0,005=81,57 .
—
max+w 2 =81,57+0,81=82,38 ( . . 2.9);
3=98. 0,055 ( 0,06 ):
81,565+0,055=81,62 . 2 w 2 =0,81 -
max=81,62+0,81=82,43 .
-
3=97,95 0 54, .
.-
3
-
. 2.6 ( . . 46).
-
-2 .
-,0053 0
2
2 =81,95 0 38,0 43,
. 2.9.
2 :
2 =81,945+0,005=81,95 .
(2.15.1)…(2.16.1):
.
2 = w 2 +w 2 /2=+0,025+0,81/2=+0,43 ;
2 = w 2 –w 2 /2=+0,025–0,81/2=–0,38
2 =81,950 43,
, — 2
.
0 38, =82 .
:
0 435,
min = 2 min– 2min=81,57–81,565=+0,005 ;
max= 2max– 2 min=82,435–82,38=+0,055 .
3=97,95 .
. 2.5 ( . . 46) 3
0 54,
— .
3 ( . . 2.6, . 46).
3 = 1+ 2=16 +820 43, 0 435, =98 0 8650 435,,
.
- 50 -
- 51 -
- 51 -
:
3 = 1+ 2=0,43+0,87=1,3
( . . 21 1=0,43 w 1=0,27.
3
( . . 2.5, . 46)
.
.6, . 46) -
1,3 0,54 .
2.8.1.2. 2 ,
, ,.
(
2 .
( .. 2.10)
,, :
[1 (1_2) ( . . 2
[1 (1_4).
( . . 2.10 2.12):
(1_2)=52
3 -
,
, ), ,.
, - — .
-:
(1_2), (2_3) (1_4). -
--
---
( . 2.11). . 2.11 — .
_2] -.12 2.13); _4] -
. 2.10. . 2.11.
. 2.10
0 15, ; (2_3)=38 (1_
)
0 062, ; 4)=160 0 4, .
)
. 2.12. : ) ; )
- 52 -
- 52 -
: (1_2)=0,3 — 1(2_3)=0,062 — 9(1_4)=0,4 — 1
(1_3) ( . . 2.13, . 5 (1_2) (2_3) ( . . 2.12, . 51).
(1_3)=(1_2)+(2_3)=52+38=90
w(1_3)
(1_2)=0,3=w[1_2]=w(1_3)+w(2_3); w(1_3)=w
(2_3), (9 ), ,
w(1_3)=0,3–0,062=0,238 . 80…120 ( .
(1_3)=90 , 0,22 w(1_3)=0,238
(3_4):
=(1_4)–(1_3)=160–90=70
(1_4)=0,4:
(1_4)=0,4=w[1_4]=w(1_3)+w(3_4
w(1_3)=0,22 (11 ) (3_4) :
.
-
2 ;;
2 .4) -
:
.
:
[1_2]–w(2_3).
w(2_3)=0,062 (1_3)
1, . 398), - 0,22 (11 ).
- (1_4)
-. ( . . 2.13, . 54) ,
(1_3) (3_4).
(1_4)=(1_3)+(3_4); (3_4) .
-
).
.
w(3_4)=w[1_4]–w(1_3)=0,4–0,22=0,18 .
(3_4) 50…80: 0,190 — 11 ; 0,120 — 10 .
, . . w(3_4)=0,12 .
:
[1_2]=(1_3)–(2_3), [1_4]=(1_3)+(3_4); : w[1_2]=w(1_3)+w(2_3)=0,22+0,062=0,282 ,
w[1_4]=w(1_3)+w(3_4)=0,22+0,12=0,34 .
. (1_3) - " ". -
. (3_4) .
:
[52 0 15, ]=(1_3) 0 22, –38 0 062, ; [160 0 4, ]=(1_3) 0 22, +(3_4) 0 06, .
[52 0 15, ]=(1_3) 0 22, –38 0 062, .
(2.22.1) -
w[1_2]= w(1_3)– w(3_4)=
. -:
0 0 22
2
0 0 062
2
( , ) ( , )=–0,079 .
- 53 -
(1_2):
[1_2]=[1_2] – w[1_2]=52–(–0,079)=52,079
- 53 -
(1_3):
[52,079]=(1_3)–38, (1_3)=52,079+38=90,079 .
: (1_2)–w(1_2) (1_3)
0,009 ,
, -
(
=0,3–0,282=+0,018 .: 0,018/2=0,009 .
(1_3)=90,079 90,07 ,-
.
: [1_2]=90,07 0 22, –38 0 062, =52,07 0 2200 062,,
.
[1_2]min=51,85 .. -
,
_2)=52 0 15,(1
90,079 90,08 . -.
90,08 0 22, .
(3_4):
[3_4]= 1_3)+(3_4); [160 0 4, ]=90,08 0 22, +(3_4) 0 06, .
:
0 0 22 0 06 0 06w[1_4]= w(1_3)+ w(3_4)=
2 2
( , ) , ( , )
)=159,91 .
159,91=90,08+(3_4), (3_4 ,9 8
(3_4)
=–0,11 .
:
[1_4]=[1_4] – w[1_4]=159,8–(–0,11
(3_4):
)=159 1–90,08=69, 3 .
. . (3_4)=69,83 0 06, .
=+0,06 . --
.,
-
(1_4)–w[1_4]=0,4–0,34
, . . 0,06/2=0,03
0,0
— [1_4]=90,08 6
69,83 3 .
. w[1_4], .
:
9,80 22, + 0 06, =159,88 0 28,0 06,
;
— (1_4)=160 .
1_4)min=[1_4]min=159,6 .
0 4,
: (
.2.13, — . 2.14 ( . . 54).
- 54 -
0 15, (1_3)=90
(2_3)=38
(1_2)=52 ,08
(1_4)=160 9,83
0 22,
(2_3)=38 0 62, 0 62,
0 06,0 4, (3_4)=6
. 2.13.
(
)=
. 2.14.
. . 2.11, . 51) [3_4]
[3_4]=(1_4)–(1_2)–(2_3 160 0 4, –52 0 15, –38 0 062, =70 0 5500 212,,
.
4]=0,762 .[3_
3_4)=69
2.9.1.
.. 2.15, . 2.16.
(3_4) :
,83 0 06, ; w(3_4)=0,12 .(
. [3_4]=0,762 - w(3_4)=0,12 .
2.9.
. 2.16.
:
. 2.15.
( . . 2.15)
(1_2)=52
- 54 -
0 15, ; (2_3)=38 4)=160 .
. . 2.17
2.
; (1_0 062, 0 4,
…2.24).
, -
-
. 369…375 (
9.2.
.
.
- 55 -
- 55 -
-
( -
-------
,
. (2_5) .
(3_4) --
(3') (4').
-.
- — -
, -,
.
.
-, ( ) -
, ( ).
-
,. .).
,
--
.
. 2.25. -
, - (3_4) ( . . 2.25 2.26),
.
. 2.26.
. 375 376.
3.
3.1.
( ) ,.
, -.
, ,
- 56 -
- 56 -
-
- ( -
, ,-
). ---
. --
. ( .
(2) -
(2)
;
(8)
(14) .
, ,-
. 3.2, — . 3.3.
[2_6], [2_9] [8_14] -
-.
--
-, -
-.
. 3.1)
,.
, .
. 3.1.
[2_6], [2_9] [8_14]
:
. 3.2. ; – ; – ; –
. 3.3.
: –
(6) ;
(9)
[2_6]
.
[2_9] [8_14]
- 57 -
- 57 -
,
).
(14).
.
.
.,
. ( , ,
, ( , . .).
[2_6] : (5_6) (1_2).
[2_6] . 3.4.
.--
[8_14] -
,--
-
. .) -
-. 3.1…3.3 3.5 ( . . 56 57).
(14) . (16
-
. 3.5.
[2_9] ( . . 3.1 3.2, . 56).
— ( (2) ) .
( 1, 2, 1 . .) ((9_10), (5_7), (1_2) . .).
, ,, (9_10)
. , , (5_7).
( . . 3.6).
[2_6]=+(5_6)–(1_2)=+ 1– 1
. 3.4.
[2_6]
-
-.
. , -, (1_2).
- 58 -
- 58 -
[2_9] [10_7] .
-
: -
;
.-
[8_14] ( (8)) ( . .
( -
_14]=+(13_14)–(7_8)=+ 1– 3.
( .
-
[10_7] - ( . . 3.5, . 57) . 3.7. ,
,
[8_14] (8) (14).
[2_9]=–(9_10)+(5_7)–(1_2)=– 1+ 2– 1.
. 3.6. [2_9]
-
; -
,;
; ;. .
.
[8_14] :
[10_7]=+(5_7)–(1_2)–(9_10)=+ 2– 1– 1
. 3.7. [10_7]
( (14)) . 56) (13_14). 3.1…3.3,
) (7_8). [8_14] -
. 3.8.
[8
[8_14] () -
- .
. 3.5, . 57). —
(13_14). (9_10), (1_2) (5_8).
[8_14] . 3.8. [8_14] . 3.9 ( . . 59).
-4,
( . . 3.2, . 56). ( . . 3.10, . 59). -
,.
- 59 -
- 59 -
4=0
( . . 3.1…3.3, .
-
;
:
[11_23] —
- (12) ;
2+ 3–
. 3.10.
-,
[8_14]=+(13_14)+(9_10)+(1_2)–(5_8)=
=+ 1+ 1+ 1– 4
. 3.9. [8_14]
( . . 3.11 3.12).
-
, , -
56).
[2_6]=+(5_6)–(1_2)=+ 1– 1;
[2_9]=–(9_10)+(5_7)–(1_2)=– 1+ 2– 1;
[8_14]=+(13_14)–(7_8)=+ 1– 3
. 3.11.
- ( ):;
;;
;;
.
[2_6], [2_9] [8_14]
( (11)) ( (23));
[27_12] — ( (27))
[15_17] — (17) ( - (15)).
[2_6]=+(5_6)–(1_2)=+ 1– 1; [10_7]=+(5_7)–(1_2)–(9_10)=+ 2– 1– 1
[8_14]=+(13_14)+(9_10)+(1_2)–(5_8)=+ 1+ 1+ 1– 4
. 3.12. [8_ [2_8], [10_7] 14]
- 60 -
, - (3) (8) , ( . . 3.13…3.15, . 60 61)
.
. 3.13.
. 3.13…3.15 , -
- .:
[19_11] — (19) (11) -
(3)
(16) -
(30)
; [21_3] — (21)
; [8_16] — (8)
; [17_30] — (17)
.
. 3.14.
- 60 -
- 61 -
. 3.15. : – ; – , – ; – ; –
,. -
[11_23], [27_12], [21_3] [15_17].
-1
(27_28), 1 (9_10) 2 (11_13). ] 3 .
27_12] [15_17] ( . . 3.16). :
11_23]=–(23_24 1– 1– 1+ 2;
, ,. [11_23] ,
1 (23_24), 1 (25_26),
[11_23 . .16
[
[ )–(25_26)–(27_28)–(9_10)+(11_13)=– 1–
[27_12]=–(12_13)+(9_10)+(27_28)=– 3+ 1+ 1;
[15_17]=+(16_17)–(14_15)=+ 1– 4.
[21_3]=–(3_4)+(21_22)=– 1+ 5
. 3.17.[21_3]
. 3.16. [11_23], [27_12], [15_17]
. 3.14, . 60) -
. 3.17.
[21_3] ( . ( . . 3.2, . 56) ( . . 3.15)
- 61 -
- 62 -
- 62 -
. 3.5, . 57)
-.
-
, . 60), -
_2--
0]-
.
-
(17) --
[17_30].
( . . 3.19). -] -
. -
-
( .
- (11)
-
-
[19_11] ( . .3.14
(11_13), (9_10), (1_2), (4_5) (19
[19_11]=–(11_13)+(9_10)+(1_2)+(4_5)+(19_22)=– 2+ 1+ 1+ 6+ 2
. 3.18. 19_11][
2). . 3.18.
[8_16] [17_3
[8_16] --
[8_14] ( .. 3.11 3.12, .
59).
[17_30]=+(29_30)+(5_8)–(1_2)–(9_10)–(13_14)–(16_17)==+ 1+ 4– 1– 1– 1– 1
. 3.19. [17_30]
[17_30[17_30]=+(29_30)+(7_8)–(13_14)–(16_17)=+ 1+ 3– 1– 1
. 3.20. [17_30]
(29_30), (5_8), (1_2), (9_10), (13_14) (16_17).
- 63 -
- 63 -
.-
- , -
— , -, .
,
--
,
3.2.1. .
3.2.1.1.
( . 3.13 , -
., , -
, - — .
,
[2_9]=[10_7]. -:
[2_9]min=0,15 ; [2_9]max=0,58 .
, - 1,5 , .
[2_9], ( .. 3.6, . 58). ( , ) -
.
1=(9_10)=
( . . 3.20). . [17_30] : ,
.
3.2. -
: — , - -
;
-, .
,.
,, — .
.
., ..
. 3.14, . 60) ,
15 0 12, .
1 (1_2)=3,2 ( . 2, . 399). [2_9]=0,15…0,58 , : ,
(5_7) ; - ( (1_2)).
- 64 -
, (5_7) . [2_9] 1 ,
[2_9]=1=–(9_10)+(5_7)–(1_2)=–15+(5_7)–3,2 .
- 64 -
18…30 ( .
0,31 )
-
(5_7)=0,21 . --
12 0,12 .
=0,00 .
" "--
(5_7
:
(5_7) 18 1 2, . 398 399).
:
[2_9]=[2_9]max–[2_9]min=0,58–0,15=0,43 .
. 0,12. (0,43–0,12=
(1_2) (5_7).
. 18…30 12
0,31–0,21=0,1 . 3…6 11 0,075 ,
(1_2)=0,1 . [2_9]:
w[2_9]= (9_10)+ (5_7)+ (1_2)=0,12+0,1+0,21=0,43 .
[2_9]–w[2_9]=0,43–0,43
.. " "
.:
) 0 21, .(1_2)=0,1 , (1_2)=3,2 0 1, ; (5_7)=0,21 ,
[2_9] ( . . 3.6, . 58)
[2_9]=–(9_10)+(5_7)–(1_2)=–15 0 12, +(5_7) 0 21, –3,2 0 1, .
[2_9]
= – 0 ; = – w .
[2_9] :
w[2_9]=0 0 12
2
0 21 0
2
0 0 1
2
( , ) , ( , )=+0,215 .
[2_9] (5_7):
[2_9]=[2_9] – w[2_9]=0 15 0 58
2
, ,–(+0,215)=0,365–0,215=0,15 ;
[2_9]=–15+(5_7)–3,2; 0,15=–15+(5_7)–3,2 ;
(5_7)=0,16+15+3,2=18,35 .
(5_7)=18,35 0 21, . w[2_9]=0,43
, , 18,35 .
[2_9]=0,43 .
- 65 -
:
1=(9_10)=15 0 12, ;
1=(1_2)=3,2 0 1, ;
0 21,2=(5_7)=18,35 .
()
.
..
— -
, , , -. -
: ;;
. ( , , ) .
-
-
-
-. -
.. 3.21…3.24
. 65 66) -
-
-
. -
--
18…30 0 -
, ,
.,
-.
, -, ,
( .--
,. -
. 3.21.
12 .
12 ..
25 ( . . 3.2, . 56). 12,21 .
:
1=(16_17)=25 0 21, .
- 65 -
- 66 -
- 66 -
-, ( . . 3.25)
[15_17] (14_15). [15_17]=1,5 .
:
[15_17]=+(16_17)–(14_15)=+ 1– 4.
, - 18…30 (14_15)=0,21 . (" -
") .
. 3.22. . 3.23. . 3.24.
. 3.25. [15_17] [8_16]
[15_17].
[15_17]=25 0 21, –(14_15) 0 105, .
= min+w /2– w ;
[15_17]=1,5+0 21 0 21
2
0 0 21
2
0 105 0 105
2
, ,[
( , ) , ( , )]=1,815 .
(14_15)
1,815=25–(14_15), (14_15)=23,185 .
- 67 -
- 67 -
—
[15_17] -
;
_17]min+w[15_17]=1,585+0,42=2,005 .
, -
-
.
[8_16] (16) ( . 5 6).
( . . 3.23 3.24, . 66) ,
, . ( 12 ).
(13_14).
(14_15) — .
,.
. (14_15)=23,185
: (14_15)=23,1 .
85 .[15_17]min+0,085=1,5+0,085=1,585 .
:
1=(16_17)=25 0 21, ; 4=(14_15)=23,1 0 105, .
,.
, -.
:
w[15_17]= (16_17)+ (14_15)=0,21+0,21=0,42
[15_17]max=[15
[2_9] ( . . 63). [2_9]max=[2_9]min+w[2_9]=0,15+0,43=0,58 .
, -. .
.
.
(8) . 3.2 , . 6
(7_8) : 3=(7_8)=12 0 18,
, 1= [8_16] :
[8_16]=+(13_14)+(9_10)+(1_2)–(5_7)–(7_8)=+ 1+ 1+ 1– 2– 3=
=+(13_14)+15 0 12, +3,2 0 1, –18,35 0 21, –12 0 18, .
, - (13_14)
10…18 12 (13_14)=0,18 .,
: 1=(13_14) :0 18, .
0 21,[8_16]=+(13_14) 0 18, +15 0 12, +3,2 0 1, –18,35 –12 0 18, .
.
- 68 -
- 68 -
,
=0,111 -
=3,0.
w[8_16]=3
. -
i2 =1/9
t
0 111 13 14 9 10 1 2 5 7 7 82 2 2 2 2, [ ( _ ) ( _ ) ( _ ) ( _ ) ( _ )T T T T T ] =
=3 0 111 0 18 0 12 0 1 0 21 0 182 2 2 2, ( , , , , , )2 =0,365 .
o
w[8_16]=0 0 18
2
0 0 12
2
0 0 1
2
0 0 18
2
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )=
=(–0,09)+(–0,06)+(–0,05)–(+0,105)–(–0,09)=–0,215 .
[8_16]=[8_16]min+w[8_16]/2– w[8_16]=1,5+0,365/2–(–0,215)=1,898 .
, 59 66)
-,
(6_8)
1,5=–(6_ – ,65 .
18…30 .
(6_8)=0,21 .
,
[2_6
1,898=+(13_14)+15+3,2–18,36–12; (13_14)=14,048 .
14,1 .
1,5+0,052=1,552 .
:
3=(7_8)=12 0 18, ; 1=(13_14)=14,1 0 18, .
[8_16]max=[8_16]min+w[8_16]=1,552+0,365=1,917 .
- [2_6] (2) (6) ( . . 3.2, 3.23 3.26, . 56
:
[2_6]=–(6_8)+(7_8)+(5_7)–(1_2)=– 7+ 3+ 2– 1.
,(6_8).
1,5 .
8)+12+18,35 3,2; (6_8)=25
12
,
]=–(6_8) 0 21, +12 0 18, +18,35 0 21, –3,2 0 1, .
- 69 -
[2_6]=[2_6]min+w[2_6]/2– w[2_6]=
- 69 -
=1,5+0 7,
2 2 2 2 2
0[
0 21 0 0 18 0 21 0 0 0 1( , ) ( , ) , ( , )]=1,5+0,35–(+0,17)=1,68.
1,68
=–(6_8)+12+18,35–3,2; (6_8)=26,47 .
. 3.26. [2_6] [27_12]
26,5 ,
(6_8)=26,4 .
w[2_6]=1,5+0,07+0,7=2,27 .
-,
1
( 5=(12_14)).
.
0,03 .
, (6_8)
0,07 , 0,07 .
[2_6]max=[2_6]min+
,7=(6_8)=23,4 0 21, .
[27_12] ( . . 3.26) — (27) ( .. 3.15, . 61) (12) ( . . 3.12, . 59).
:
[27_12]=–(12_14)+( 3_14)+(9_10)+(27_28)=– 5+ 1+ 1+ 1.
1=(27_28)=32 0 25, ( 12).
(12_14)
1,5=–(12_14)+14,1+15+32, (12_14)=59,6 .
59,6 50…80 12 =0,3 -
[27_12]=–(12_14) 0 15, +14,1 0 18, +15 0 12, +32 0 25, .
- 70 -
[27_12]=[27_12]min+w[27_12]/2– w[27_12]=
- 70 -
=1,5+0 85
2
,–[–0+(–0,09)+(–0,06)+(–0,125)]=2,2 .
2,2=–(12_14)+14,1+15+32, (12_14)=58,9 .
-, -
[27_12]min=1,5 -. -
.-
-
58
.:
1=(27_28)=32 ; 5=(12_14)=58 .
[11_23].
-
. (12_14)=58,9 -
R 40 60 . (12_14) - 60 , 1,1 , [27_12]
, 1,5–1,1=0,4 (w[27_12]=0,85 ),
[27_12]max.
,R 80 — .
1,5+0,9=2,4 [27_12]max=2,40+0,85=3,25
0 25,
. 3.27
0 15,
(11) ( (23)) 0,25
D1. 20 -7g.
D1=18,376 . [11_23]min=0,25D1=4,595 .
: [11_23]min=4,6 .
. 3.27. [11_23] [3_25]
7 :. 3.2
[11_23]=–(23_24)–(25_26)–(27_28)–(9_10)–(13_14)+(11_14)=
=– 1– 1– 1– 1– 1+ 6.
- 71 -
- 71 -
=22 16 S=4 =0,6 -
:.
.
(23_24)= 1=22 13, ; (25_26)= 1=4 0 3, .
.
12 91,7 0,35 . " " (11_14) --
:
–14,1 +(11_14)
[11_23]min -:
4,6=–22–4–32–15–14,1+(11_14); (11_14)=91,7
.
[11_23]=–22 –4 0 3, –32 –1513, 0 25, 0 12, 0 18, 0 175, .
=4,6 , (11_14).
[11_23]=[11_23]min+w[11_23]/2– w[11_23].
:
0 111 13 0 6 0 25 0 12 0 18 0 35, ( , , , , , , ) =1,51 ;2 2 2 2 2 2w[11_23]=3
w[11_23]=+0,65–0+0,125+0,06+0,09+0=+0,925 .
,51/2–(+0,925)=4,43 ;
-
:
[11_23]=4,6+1
4,43=–22–4–32–15–14,1+(11_14), (11_14)=91,53 .
-. -
: 6=(11_14)=91,6 0 175, ;
1=(23_24)=22 ; 1=(25_26)=4 .
.
( (25) ) ) 1 3.23, . 61
9=(3_8). (25) -
(3) - 1,5 .
0;
13, 0 3,
— . -
., -
(24) (3 ( . . 3. 5
66). . 3.27 ( . . 70) [3_25]
, : [3_25]min=[3_25]max=1,5 , :
[3_25]=–(25_26)–(27_28)–(9_10)–(7_8)+(3_8)=– 1– 1– 1– 3+ 9.
[3_25]= [3_25]max– [3_25]min=1,5 .
- 72 -
- 72 -
(3_8)=64,5 . 64,5 12 -
. -
w[3_25]=3
-.
1,5=–4–32–15–12+(3_8), 0,3 .
[3_25]=–4 0 3, –32 0 25, –15 0 12, +12 0 18, +(3_8) 0 3, .
0 111 0 6 0 0 15 0 18 32 2, ( , , , , , )25 02 2 2 =0,7532 .
o.
0 0 25 0 0 15 0 0 18w[3_25]=–0–
2 2 2
0 0 3
2
( , ) ) ( , )=+0,1375 .
:[3_25]=
( , ( , )
[25_3]min+w[25_3]/2– w[25_3]=0+0,3766–(+0,1375)=0,2391 ;
8)=63,239 .
(R 5) — 63; (3_8) -
-
-,
-
2=0,5142 .
(11) (19)
-
50 — 0,3 ..
0,239=–4–32–15–12+(3_8), (3_
: (R 80) — 65.
.
, — . — R 5 63.
0,239 ,,
[3_25]min=–0,239 . (25)
. - ( . . 3.28, . 73).
9=(3_8)=63 0 3, .
w[3_25]max=(–0,239)+0,753
8=(4_8). .
8=(4_8)=56 0 3, .
. ( . . 3 28)
( . . 3.22, . 66): 3=(18_19) 6=(18_22).:
(22); (18_19) .
5 . — .
- 73 -
. 3.28. [19_11]
. 3.28 :
19_11]=–(11_14)+( (18_22)–(18_19)=
– 3; 1,5=–95+14,1+15+3,2–18,35–12+56+(18_22)–5.
12
[ 13_14)+(9_10)+(1_2)–(5_7)–(7_8)+(4_8)+
=– 6+ 1+ 1+ 1– 2– 3+ 8+ 6
:
(18_22)=43,55 ; (18_22)=0,25 .
[19_11]=–91,6 0 175, +14,1 0 18, +15 0 12, +3,2 0 1, –18,35 0 21, –
–12 0 18, +56 0 3, +(18_22) –50 25, 0 15, .
1 ]=w[ 9_11
0 111 0 35 0 18 0 12 0 12 2 2 2, ( , , , ,=3 0 21 0 18 0 3 0 25 0 32 2 2 2 2, , , , , ) =0,7059.
25–0=–0,49 .
[19_11]min=1,5 -
19_11]=[19
w[19_11]=–0–0,09–0,06–0,05–0,105+0,09–0,15–0,1
_11]min+w[19_11]/2– w[1911]=1,5+0,353–(–[ 0,49)=2,353 .
2,353= 1 3 .
,
–91,6+14,1+ 5+3,2–18,35–12+56+(18_22)–5; (18_22)=41,00
: 6=(18_22)=41 0 25,
( ) 3=(18_19)=5 0 15, .
20) (18_21). -: (18_ (18_20), :
4=(18_20)=32 0 15, .
5=(18_21) .
:
, -. 3.29 [21_3],
- 73 -
- 74 -
[21_3]=–(3_8)+(4_8)+(18_22)–(18_21)=– 9+ 8+ 6– 5;
[21_3]=–63 0 3, +56 0 3, +45 0 25, –(18_21) 0 15, .
[21_3] [17_30]
:
–0,15–0,125–0)=2,2 ;
. 3.29.
[21_3]=1,5+1,15/2–(0,15
2,2=–63+56+45–(18_2
4=(18_20)=32 ; 5
1), (18_21)=35,8 .
:
=(18_21)=35,8 0 15, .
. -.
. -. 3.29 -
. (29_31)
0 15,
.
3=(29_31) , [17_30].
30…50 0,25 . -
17_30]=
[17_30]=–(30_31)+(29_31)+(7_8)–(13_14)–(16_17)=– 2+ 3+ 3– 1– 1,
1,5=–5+(29_31)+12–14,1–25, (29_31)=33,6 .
12 -
, :
[ –5 0 15, +(29_31 0 2, 0 1, –14 –25) +12 ,15 8 0 18, 0 21, .
0 111 0 3 0 25 0 18 0 18 0 212 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , ) =0,5112 .w[17_30]=3
o
- 74 -
w[17_30]=–0 15 015 0 0 25 0 0 18 0, ( ) ( , ) ( , )
2 2
0 18
2
0 0 21
2
( , ) ( , )=
0,09+0,09+0,105=–0,02 .
2
=–0–0,125–
- 75 -
- 75 -
:
17_30]=[17_30]min+w[17_30]/2– w[17_30]=1,5 0,2556–(–0,[ + 02)=1,776 ;
1,776=–5+(29_31 4 _31)=33,876 .
0,124 34 :
. 63…75. .
,. -
- ,, ,
.
3.2.1.2.
, ,,
, , -. , -
. , .
--
.
- (
(17)
-
2=1,552 , [8_16]max=1,542+0,365=1,917 ( . . 68);
ax=1,625+0,5112=2,1362 ( . . 74 75).
--
--
.
)+12–1 ,1–25, (29
[17_30]min=1,5+0,124=1,625 .
2=(30_31)=5 0 15, ; 3=(29_31)=34 0 25,
, . -
.
,
[2_9]
, .
. (8)) (16)
[8_16]min=1,5 ( . . 3.25, . 66).
. (30)
[17_30]min=1,5 ( . . 3.29, . 74).
, :
[8_16]min=1,5+0,04
[17_30]min=1,5+0,124=1,625 , [17_30]m
,.
.
,
- 76 -
. 3.30. [8_16] [17_30]
, ( , ).. 3.30 3.31.
2,2 ..
_16]max=[17_30]max=2,2 ,
[8_16]= [17_30]=2,2–1,5=0,7 .
( ) ,.
[8_16]min=[17_30]min=1,5; [8
. 3.31. [8_16] [17_30]
,
[8_16]=(13_14)–(7_8)= 1– 3 ( . . 3.30); [17_30]=–(30_31)+(29_31)+(7_8)+(5_7)–(1_2)–(9_10)–(13_14)–(16_17)=
=– 2+ 3+ 3+ 2– 1– 1– 1– 1 ( . . 3.31).
( . . 3.23 3.24, . 66), - ( ) — . 65…75.
- 76 -
- 77 -
- 77 -
= –––––> i( ) –––––>\ /––––> i( )
– \ = i( ) i( ) .
= –––––> i( ) ––––
8_16]=(13_14)–(7_8
= ––––> +0,00 ––––>\ /––––>[8_16] = 14,1 – \ 12
= ––––> –0,18 ––––>/ \––––>
, [8_16]max=2,28 .
—
.-
.
[17_30]=–5 3
–>/ \-––––> i( )
)= 1– 3,
+0,00 ––––>\ /––––> +0,18= \ 2,1 .
–0,18-––––>/ \-–––> –0,18
[8_16]min=1,552 -
-, -
:
w[8_16]=[8_16]max–[8_16]min=2,28–1,552=0,728 .
[
(w[8_16]=0,728 ) ( [8_16]=0,7 ), -
:
max=2,20–2,28=–0,08 .
.[17_30]max
,: ;
; ;
4 0 25, +12 0 18, +18,35 0 21, –3,2 0 1, –15 0 12, –10 15, + 4,1 –25
w[17_30]=3
0 18, 0 21, .
[17_30]
0 111 0 3 0 25 0 18 0 21 0 1 0 12 0 182 2 2 2 2 2 2( , , , , , , , 0 212, , ) =0,5743
,105)–(–0,05)–(–0,06)–w[17_30]=–(0)+(–0,125)+(–0,09)+(+0
–(–0,09)–(–0,105)=+0,195 .
w[17_30]+w[17_30]/2=+0,195+0,5743/[17_30]= 2=0,482
[17_30]=
;
w[17_30]–w[17_30]/2=+0,195–0,287=–0,092 .
[17_30]=–5+34+12+18,35–3,2–15–14,1–25=2,05 .
[17_30]=2,05 0 0920 492,,
[17_30]min=1,958 .
- 78 -
- 78 -
max=2,2–2,532=–0,332 .
.
[8_16] [17_30].
-
( 1)
,1 (13 14) -
(13_14 –12
[17_30]max=2,532 .
3.2.1.3.
.
( 2) (13) (14).
- 10 .
14(13 14) = 0,07 -
.
( . . 3.30): [8_16]= ) 0 07, 0 18, .
max
= /2– 0 /2– w .max– ; = max–w
[8_16] - [8_16]max=2,2
[8_16]=[8_16]max–w[8_16]/2– w[8_16]=
=2,2–0 07 0 18 0 0 07 0 0 18, , ( , ) ( , )
2 2 2[ ]=2,2–0,125–(+0,055)=2,02 .
2,02=(13_14)–12, (13_14)=14,02 .
.13_14)=14 .
- 0,02, -
18 .
(13_14)=14 .
(13_14) -
-. -
( [8_16]
2,2 . ,
w[8_16]max=2,2–0,02=2,
0 07,
[8_16] -,
( . . 67 68).
[8_16]=14 0 07, +15 0 12, +3,2 0 1, –18,35 0 21, –12 0 18, .
w[8_16]=3 0 111 0 07 0 12 0 1 0 21 0 182 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , ) =0,325 .
- 79 -
- 79 -
w[8_16]=0 0 07 0 0 12 0 0 1 0 21 0 0 0 18
2 2 2 2 2
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) , ( , )=
=(–0,035)+(–0,06)+(–0,05)–(+0,105)–(–0,09)=–0,16 .
[8_16]= w[8_16]+w[8_16]/2=–0,16+0,325/2=+0,002 ;
[8_16]= w[8_16]–w[8_16]/2=–0,16–0,162=–0,322 .
[8_16]=14+15+3,2–18,35–12=1,85.
: 1,85 0 3220 002,,
.
[8_16]min=1,85–0,322=1,528 .
[17_30].
. . 78) ,
- [17_30] -. 3.30 3.31, .
3=(7_8)=12 .
- 12 ,
.
3 3=(7_8)=1 (11 ).
- ( .
[17_30]=–5
— 1,5…2,2. [8_16]=0,7 .
w[8_16]=2,18–1,528=0,652 .
. .-
,, .
( . . 75) (
w[17_30]=2,532–1,625=0,907 .
1, 2, 3 1 ( .76).
1=(13_14) 0,18 0,07 .
2=(30_31)=5 0 1, ( ).5
0 18,
1=(16_17)=25 0 21, .
(30) 2=(30_31)=5 0 06,
10 .:
1=(16_17)=25 0 084, ;
2 0 11,
(( . . 3.31)) ,
. 3.30) — .:
0 06, +(29_31) 0 25, +12 0 11, +18,35 0 21, –3,2 –
–15 –14 –25 .
0 1,
0 12, 0 07, 0 084,
- 80 -
[17_30] w[17_30]=
=3 0 111 0 12 0 25 0 11 0 21 0 1 0 12 0 07 0 0842 2 2 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , , , ) 0,356 .
(
[17_30]=2,2–0,356/2–(+0,112)=1,91 .
.
w[17_30]=–(0)+(–0,125)+(–0,055)+(+0,105)–(–0,05)–
–(–0,06)–(–0,035)–(–0,042)=+0,112 .
[17_30]max )
[17_30]=[17_30]max–w[17_30]– w
1, 1 19 =–5+(29_3 )+12+18,35–3,2–15–14–25, (29_31)=33,76
(29_31)=33,76 0 25, .
..
[17_30]=–5 0 06, +33,76 +12 –14 –25 .0,25 0,11 0,07 0,084
w[17_30]=3 0 111 0 12 0 25 0 11 0 07 0 0842 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , ) =0,314 .
o
- 80 -
w[17_30]=–0 06 0 06 0 0 25 0 0 11 0 0 07 0, ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) 0 084( , )
2 2 2 2 2=
=–0–0,125–0,055+0,035+0,042=–0,103 .
:
[17_30]= w[17_30]+w[17_30]/2=–0,103+0,314/2=+0,054 ;
[17_30]= w[17 /2 =–0 .
1,7
- 1,76
_30]–w[17_30] =–0,103–0,157 ,26
6 .[17_30]=–5+33,76+12–14–25=
0 2600 054,,
.
.-
( ) -
[17_30]=1,76–0,26=1,5-
.
-. :
( . . 3.2
1=(13_14)=14,1 ; ;
( . . 3.2, . 56).
1, . 65).
— 14,10 18, 0 07,
- 81 -
- 81 -
;
.
1=(16_17)=25 0 21, ; — 25 0 084,
( . . 3.24, . 66) 2=5 0 1, 5
2=(30_31)=5 0 06, .
10 -
-
-
( . . 3.30 [17_30]
-3=(29_31). -
-
- (29), -
2 -1, -
. -
.
( ).
.
[17_30], [8_16].
.
3.31, . 76)
: 2=(30_31)
, . 3.32,
.
. 3.32. -: ) ; )
.. 3.33 3.34 ( . . 82)
. 3
18…30 . 12 =0,21
( . . 3.33) :
[17_30]=(29_30) 0 21, +12 0 11, –14 0 07, –25 0 084, ,
( . . 3.34) —
[17_30]=(29_30) 0 21, +12 0 11, +18,35 0 21, –3,2 0 1, –15 0 12, –14 0 07, –25 0 084, .
..
1=(29_30).
..
[17_30]=[17_30]min+w[17_30]/2– w[17_30]=
=1,5+0 474 0 0 21 0 0 11 0 0 07 0 0 084, ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
2 2 2 2 2[ ]=1,82 .
- 82 -
- 82 -
1,82=(29_30)+12–14–25; (29_30)=28,82 .
,, :
1=(29_30)=28,9 0 21, .
0,01 .
[17_30]=(29_30)+(7_8)–(13_14)–(16_17)= 1+ 3– 1– 1
. 3.33. [17_30]
[17_30]=(29_30)+(7_8)+(5_7)–(1_2)–(9_10)–(13_14)–(16_17)= 1+ 3+ 2– 1– 1– 1– 1
. 3.34. [17_30]
( . . 3.34) [17 30] 2,2 .
.:
[17_30]=28,9 +12 +18,350 21, 0 11,0 21, –3,2 –15 –14 –25
[17_30]
w[17_30]=3
0 1, 0 12, 0 07, 0 084, .
0 111 0 21 0 11 0 21 0 1 0 12 0 07 0 0842 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , , 2 ) =0,37 .
- 83 -
- 83 -
w[17_30]=+(–0,105)+(–0,055)+(+0,105)–(–0,05)–(–0,06)––(–0,035)–(–0,042)=+0,132 .
:
[17_30]= w[17_30]+w[17_30]/2=+0,132+0,37/2=+0,317 ;[17_30]= w[17_30]–w[17_30]/2=+0,132–0,185=–0,053 .
[17_30]=+28,9+12+18,35–3,2–15–14–25=2,05 .
2,05 0 0530 317,,
.
[17_30]max=2,367 .
:
max=2,2–2,367=–0,167 .
, --
, 2,2 . -
.
w[17_30]=2,367–1,510=0,857 .
[17_30]=0,7 .---
. , -
- 10…11 . ,
12, 11 .-
[17_30].
3.3.
3.3.1
[17_30] ( . . 3.33 3.34, . 82), 12 11
.
12: 1=(29_30) 2=(5_7)=18,350 21, ; 0 21, ; 3=(7_8)=12 .
11: 1=(29_30) ; 2=(5_7)=18,35
0 18,
0 13,0 13, ; 3=(7_8)=12 .
. 376.
3.3.2
— 0,76 .
0 11,
[1_2] .
. 3.35 ( . . 84). ,
0,14,
- 84 -
- 84 -
3.4.
.-
-.
,-
,-
. -
,
,
0 76,
:
, ,:
'(2_3)= '(4_5)=0,06; (2_3)=(4_5)=2,5 .
'[ .
'[1_2] [1_2] -
: (2_3)=(4_5)=2,5 0 06, ; (3_4)=140 0 4, .
. 376 377.
, -—
. 3.35. : – , – , –
, – , –
- ( ) -
- ( . . 3.35),
. -,
--
.
. -- ,
.- ,
.
[1_2]=0 0 14, .
[1_2]=–(2_3)–(3_4)–(4_5)+(1_5),
(2_3)=2,5; (3_4)=140; (4_5)=2,5; (1_5)=145 .
0 06,
'(3_4)=0,6; (3_4)=140 0 6, . '(1_5)=0,4; (1_5)=145 0 4, .
' —
1_2]= '(2_3)+ '(3_4)+ '(4_5)+ '(1_5)=0,06+0,6+0,06+0,4=1,12
= '[1_2]– [1_2]=1,12–0,62=0,5 .
- 85 -
- 85 -
-,
--
]– 0 ,56
. 84
0 '[1_2 –0 '(3_4)–0
=–
-, .
( , , ,. .)
[1_2]=0,62 , . . < [1_2].
= '(2_3)= '(4_5)=0,06 .
= '[1_2 [1_2]+ =1,12–0,62+0, 6=0 .
]=–0 '(2_3) '(4_5)+0 '(1_5)=
0 0 06 0 0 6 0
2
0 06 0 0 4
2 2 2
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ),26 .
0
:
,
[1_2] (2_3)
=+0
0 140 76,,
-
0 [1_2]=(0,76+0,14)/2=0,45 .
,.
w =+(–)(0 [1_2]– '[1_2]).
, , — .
(4_5) — .,
w =–[0,45–(+1,12)]=–0,67 .
:
= w + /2=–0,67+0,56/2=–0,39; = w – /2=–0,67–0,56/2=–0,95 .
-
-
--
<0 <0,, (2_3)' =(2_3) +
.,
, 2,5 , : (2_3)' =2,5+(–0,39)=2,11 .
(2_3)' =2,11 0 06, .
>0,. ,
.
, (2_3)' ,
(2_3)' =(2_3) – .
. =20 0 1, .
=+0,5 =–0,02 .
' =(20+0,5) 0 1, =20,5 0 1, .
- 86 -
3.5.
- 86 -
-
-. -
(), ,
.
, , -.
.
., , ,
., , -
.,
, "Y". -
..
.
( . . 3.35, . 84). [1 2] :
[1_2]min=0,05; [1_2]max=0,25; [1_2]=0 0 050 25,,
; [1_2]=0,2; [1_2]=0,15 .
,- -
, .,
.-
10 . ( . . 3.35)
:(2_3)=2,5 , = '(2_3)=0,04 ;
, (3_4)=140 ;
(4_5)=2,5 , '(4_5)=0,04 , (4_5)=2,5 ;
(3_4)=140 , '(3_4)=0,16 ,0 16
0 04,
(1_5)=145 , '(1_5)=0,16 , (1_5)=145 0 16, .
'[1_2]=0,04+0,16+0,04+0,16=0,4 ,
(1_3)Y'(1_3)Y= '[1_2]– =0,4–0,04=0,36 .
0,2 ,( )
(1_3)Y= [1_2]– =0,2–0,04=0,16 .
- 87 -
- 87 -
N .- ,
. -
N=T Y' ( _ ) ,1 3 0 36
T Y( _ ) ,1 3 0 16=2,25.
. ( )
–0,12=0,08 .
. ,
1_3]Y=– .
:
N'. N'=3.
:
( )(1_3)Y= '(1_3)Y/N'=0,36/3=0,12.
( )= [1_2]– ( )(1_3)Y=0,2
[1_2]=–(2_3)–(3_4)–(4_5)+(1_5)=–(2_3)–140 0 16, –2,5 0 04, +145 0 16,
..
[1_3]Y=–(3_4)–(4_5)+(1_5)=–140–2,5+145=2,5 .
w[ 0(3_4)– 0(4_5)+ 0(1_5)=–(–0,08)–(–0,02)+(–0,08)=+0,02
[1_3]Y= w[1_3]Y+ '[1_3]Y/2=+0,02+0,36/2=+0,2 ;
w[1_3]Y– '[1_3]Y/2=+0,02–0,18=–0,16[1_3]Y= .
-
[1_3]Y; [1_3]Y–
( [1_3]Yi=2,5 ) .:
[1_3]Y1= [1_3]Y 20–0,12=+0,08 ;
-,
, .
:
[1_3]Y1= [1_3]Y1= ( )[1_3]Y.
( )[1_3]YN', -
=+0,2; [1_3]Y1= [1_3]Y1– ( )[1_3]=+0,
[1_3]Y2= [1_3]Y1=+0,08; [1_3]Y2= [1_3]Y2– ( )[1_3]=+0,08–0,12=–0,04 ;
[1_3]Y3= [1_3]Y2=–0,04; [1_3]Y3= [1_3]Y3– ( )[1_3]=–0,04–0,12=–0,16 .
:
[1_3]Y1=2,5 0 080 20,,
; [1_3]Y2=2,5 0 040 08,,
; [1_3]Y3=2,5 0 160 04,,
.
- 88 -
- 88 -
---
-
+0,25 –––> = –––> +0,20 –––>\ /–––> ;
+0,05 –––> = –––> +0,08 –––>/ \–––> 1(2_3)
+0 1(2_3)
+0,25=+ .
– \ 2,5 ;
+0,05=–0,04– 2
3(2_3)
.
. 3.37 ( . . 90).
-
(1_5)=145 ;
,
,
, -
–:
[1_3]Yi=(1_3)Yi -i(2_3) ( . . 3.36).
-
[1_2]=(1_3)Y1– 1(2_3),[1_3]Y ].. 3.36. i [1_2
1(2_3) 0 = 2,5 – \ 2,5
,05=+0,08– , 1(2_3)=+0,03;
0,20– 1(2_3), 1(2_3)=–0,05; 1(2_3)=2,5 0 050 03,,
:
+0,25 –––> = –––> +0,08 –––>\ /–––> 2(2_3)0 = 2,5
+0,05 –––> = –––> –0,04 –––>/ \–––> 2(2_3)
(2_3), 2(2_3)=–0,09;
+0,25=+0,08– 2(2_3), 2(2_3)=–0,17; 2(2_3)=2,50 09,
.0 17,
:
+0,25 –––> = –––> –0,04 –––>\ /–––> 3(2_3)0 = 2,5 – \ 2,5 ;
+0,05 –––> = –––> –0,16 –––>/ \–––>
+0,05=–0,16– 3(2_3), 3(2_3)=–0,21 ;
0 290 21,,
+0,25=–0,04– 3(2_3), 3(2_3)=–0,29; 3(2_3)=2,5
. 3.1 ( . . 89).
.
:
(3_4)=140 ;0 16,
0 16,
(4_5)=2,5 0 04, ;
.
- 89 -
- 89 -
;
-
-
-
.
3.1
---------|+0,03 | 2,5 | –0,05 | ----------| –0,09 | | 2(2 3) = 2,5 | | –0,17 | |------------------+----------------------+--------------------------| | |
--
.
-.
.,
.
.
:
;
;,
;
(1_3)Y1, (1_3)Y2 (1_3)Y3 ( . . 3.36. .3.37, . 88 90);
1(2_3), 2(2_3) 3(2_3);
;
, .
.--------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | , | | , N' | | | |------------------+----------------------+-----------------| | +0,20 || 1 | (1 3)Y1 = 2,5 | 1(2 3) =| | –0,08 ||------------------+----------------------+----------------| | +0,08 || 2 | (1 3)Y2 = 2,5| | –0,04| | –0,04 | –0,21 | | 3 | (1 3)Y3 = 2,5 | 3(2 3) = 2,5 –0,29| | –0,16 |‘--------------------------------------------------------------------’
3.6.
, 5…7 ,
.,
.
. ,, ,
,
- 90 -
. 3.37.
: ,; ,
, ( ,, . .).
- 90 -
- 91 -
- 91 -
)=
: -
, . .
i( i( ).
, , -:
= 1– 2.
. ( . . 3.38)
0 03 0 01, ( , )=0,02 ; 0 0 01
0 03,,
; 0 =2
12 , 1+ 2=
=+0,02 .
1= 2. 10
0 2, 0 = 0 1– 0 2.
:
1= 0 1+ 1/2, 1= 0 1– 1/2;
2= 0 2+ 2/2, 2= 0 2– 2/2.
-
, . . -
' 2 — .
-.
1 2
, - N , -
.
:
' 1=N 1; ' 2=N 2,' 1
. 3.38. :1 – ,
2 –
,, . . '
=N .
, , N
N=TT"
=T T
T" "1 2
.
1 2:
) 1 2 -:
1(1)= 1, 1(1)= 1; 2(2)= 2, 2(1)= 2;
- 92 -
- 92 -
+ 2, 2(2)= 2(1)+ 2;
)1 2.
, ( ) -. . . 1 2 -
: 2:
1(2)= 1(1)+ 1, 1(2)= 1(1)+ 1;
2(2)= 2(1)
N: 1(N)= 1(N–1)+ 1, 1(N)= 1(N–1)+ 1;
2(N)= 2(N–1)+ 2, 2(N)= 2(N–1)+ 2.
:
=0,02; 0 =0,02; = 1– 2; =0 0 03, .
1 2:
1= 2=T
2
0 02
2
,=0,01 .
:
0 = 0 1– 0 2; 0,02=+0,01–(–0,01);
0 1=+0,01 ; 0 2=–0,01 .
1 2:
1= 0 1+ 1/2=+0,01+0,01/2=+0,015 ,
1= 0 1– 1/2=+0,01–0,005=+0,005 ;
2= 0 2+ 2/2=–0,01+0,01/2=–0,005 ,
2= 0 2– 2/2=–0,01–0,0 5=–0,015 .0
2(i), = 1(i)– 2(i);
1 2 -. 3.2.
:
= 1(i)– –
| | | | |
3.2 1 2
.----------------------------------. .----------------------------------.
= .
| | 1 | 2 | | | 1 | 2 | | |-------------+-------------| | |-------------+-------------|| N | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | | N | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |------+------+------+------+------| |------+------+------+------+------| | 1 |+0,015|+0,005|–0,005|–0,015| | 3 |+0,035|+0,025|+0,015|+0,005| | | | | | | || 2 |+0,025|+0,015|+0,005|–0,005| | 4 |+0,045|+0,035|+0,025|+0,015| |------+------+------+------+------| ‘----------------------------------’ :
=+0,035–(+0,005)=+0,03 ; =+0,025–(+0,015)=+0,01 ;
=+0,030–(+0,010)=0,02 .
.
- 93 -
- 93 -
-
. -
3.7.
,.
.
.-
:
i( )= /(m–1),
m — ( ).
— i( )=TA
t i m2
1( )
.
, -
-
, , ..
.,
. ,: 50…80, 80…120 . . -
,.
-: ; .
, , . --
. -.
, -.
., , -
:
- — @=TAIAi
;
— @=TA
2.
t i IAi2
3( )
@ — , ; — -
, ; — ; i( ) — , i- -
.
- 94 -
500 I i = 0,45 Ai( )3 +0,001 i( ).
-, -
. - , -, , .
. 3.3.
----------------------------------------------------.
, -
3.3
.----------------------| | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |12...13| 14 | 15 | 16 | |-----------------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-------+-----+-----+-----|| | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |-----------------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-------+-----+-----+-----|| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | " ." | 10 | 16 | 25 | 30 | 64 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 640 | 1000| | |---------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-------+-----+-----+-----|| | | | | | | | | | | | | | @ | " " | 7 | 10 | 16 | 30 | 64 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 640 | 1000| ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------------’
..
3.7.1. -
- ( . . 3.39).
. 3.39. : , – ; – ;
[4_5]min=1,0 ; [4_5]max=1,75 ; [4_5]=0,75 .
– ; – . ( ) [4_5]
,, [4_5] -
:
- 94 -
- 95 -
- 95 -
)+(3_6)+(1_3)–(1_2)–(2_4).
=(5_6)=5; (2_4)=140; (1_3)=101; (3_6)=50 .
- . :
[4_5]=–(5_6
: (1_2)
:
I(1_2)=0,45 ( _ )1 23 +0,001(1_2)=0,45 53 00, +0,001(5,00)=0,774;
,45 ( _ )3 63 +0,001(3_6)=0,45 50 03 ,I(3_6)=0 +0,001(50,0)=1,707;
I(1_3)=0,45 ( _ )1 33 +0,001(1_3)=0,45 1013 +0,001(101)=2,196;
I(2_4)=0,45 ( _ )2 43 +0,001(2_3)=0,45 1403 +0,001(140)=2,476.
,,
@=TAIAi
=T
I I I I I[ ]( )
( _ ) ( _ ) ( _ ) ( _ ) ( _
4 5
5 6 3 6 1 3 1 2 2 4)=
=750/(0,774+1,707+2,196+0,774+2,476)=94,613.
@ 11 ,
. 10…11 -
(1_3)=101 11 (1_3)=0,22; (2_4)=140 11 (2_4)=0,25 .
11 , :
= (5_6)+ (3_6)+ (1_3)+ (1_2)+ (2_4)=0,075+0,19+0,22+0,075+0,25=0,81 .
: 0,75–0,81=–0,06 . 11
. , -, (2_4), -
. 10 ,(2_4)=0,16. -
.. ,
(1_3).
[4_5]=–5 +50 +(1_3)
, 0,75 .
: (1_2)=(5_6)=5 11 =0,075 ; (3_6)=50 11 (3_6)=0,19;
0 075, 0 095, 0 11, –5 –140
:
0 075, 0 16, .
(1_2)=(5_6)=5 0 075, ; (3_6)=50 0 095, ; (1_3)=101,22 0 11, ; (2_4)=140 0 16, .
. 377 378. .
[4_5]=–5 0 075, +50 0 095, +101,22 0 11, –5 0 075, –140 =1,22 ;
[4_5]min=1,015; [4_5]max=1,735; w[4_5]=0,72 .
0 16, 0 2050 515,.
- 96 -
- 96 -
, . 3.4. 3.4
-.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | |3...|6...|10..|18..|30..|50..|80..|120..|180..|250..|360..| | | 3|...6|..10|..18|..30|..50|..80|.120|..180|..250|..360|..500| |---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----|| .| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0,63|0,83|1,00|1,21|1,44|1,71|2,01|2,32| 2,66| 3,02| 3,38| 3,78| ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------------’
(2_4) = 140 — 2,66.
[4_5]min=1,0; [4_5]max=1,75; [4_5]=0,75 .
4_5]=–(5_6)+(3_6)+(1_3)–(1_2)–(2_4).
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | |3...|6...|10..|18..|30..|50..|80..|120..|180..|250..|360..| | | 3|...6|..10|..18|..30|..50|..80|.120|..180|..250|..360|..500| |---------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----|| .| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0,40|0,68|1,00|1,45|2,07|2,93|4,05|5,37| 7,30| 9,10|11,50|14,20| ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------------’:
(1_2) (5_6)=5 — 0,68; (3_6) = 50 — 4,05; (1_3) =101 — 5,37; (2_4) =140 — 7,30.
:
@=
..
: (1_2) (5_6)=5 — 0,83; (3_6) = 50 — 1,71; (1_3) = 101 — 2,32;
,,
750/(0,83+1,71+2,32+0,83+2,66)=90.
3.7.2.
( . .3.39, . 94) .
:
: [
, - — .
-. 3.5.
3.5
750
0 68 4 05 5 37 0 68 7 3, , , , ,=176,38.
- 97 -
- 97 -
@ - 12…13.
: (1_2)=(5_6)=5 12 =0,12;
w[4_5]=3,0
(3_6)=50 12 (3_6)=0,25; (1_3)=101 13 (1_3)=0,54; (2_4)=140 12 (2_4)=0,4 .
0 111 0 12 0 25 0 54 0 4 0 122 2 2 2, ( , , , , , 2 ) =0,7368 .
[4_5]=0,75 .: =0,0132 .
-:
(1_2)=(5_6)=5 ; (3_6)=50 ; (1_3)=101,050 12, 0 125, 0 27, ; (2_4)=140 0 4, .
. 378.
. [4_5]=–5 0 12, +50 0 125, +101,05 0 27, –5 0 12, –140 0 4, .
[4_5]=1,18 . w[4_5]=0,7368 .
w[4_5]=0,32 .:
[4_5]= w[4_5]+w[4_5]/2=0,32+0,7368/2=+0,6884 ;
[4_5]= w[4_5]–w[4_5]/2=0,32–0,7368/2=–0,0484 .
0 04840 6884,,
: [4_5]=1,18 .
:
[4_5]min=1,0016; [4_5]max=1,7384; w[4_5]=0,7368 .
..
4.
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, 005 (); 2(38_308) — (38).
5.2.1.4.
,,
. : (38)(37)0 —
(38), 005,
(37), 000 (
(38) (37).
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); ( ). : (308_307) — (308) (307) .
5.2.1.5. , , — Z. : Z5=Z(27)5 — ,
(27) 005; (28_27) — , (27) —, (28) — ( . . 5.2, . 121).
F, G, S , ,, .
: F(3)50 — (3) 050;(128_127) — , (128) — , -
., (127) —
- 120 -
- 120 -
5.3.
5.3.1. -
-. -
2 5=20 , 5=10 .
5.3.2. -
- , -, 0, -
. 0,05 , -
,
0 52, 0 26,
0 0 025, , — 0 0 05, .
( 100 ),
.,
(18), (28) 10 ( ) - (38) 46 0,05 .
(28) (38) -: (0
,. . .
-
0 05, )100/10=0 0 5, , (38)
(18) (28): (0 )100/46=0 .
5.3.3. -
, -.
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( (18_27) (18_28)), , -, -
. 5.2. , -
Rz, .
Zmin=Rz. ,
Zmin=Rz+Df,
Rz — , ; Df —, -
.,
.
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0 05, 0 108,
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5.3.3.1. -,
- 121 -
- 121 -
:
" " — ( . )]= ( )–Z;
" " — [ ( . )]= ( )+Z,
( . ) — — ;
( ) — ;
Z — — ( ).
5.3.3.2. , -
- ( . . 5.3).
Z5=(28_27). -
-.
:; -
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-
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Z
[
. 5.2. -
;
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Zmin=Rz+Df+ ( )+ ( ),
( ) — -, -
TZ=[Rz+Df+ ( )+ ( .
- —
, ,.
[37_38]=–(38_308)+(37_308)
[17_27]=(28_27)+(18_28)+(17_18)
. 5.3. - :(28_27) – – ;
[37_38] – –
)]TZ
- 122 -
- 122 -
5.3.3.2.-
[17_18].
[17_18]=–(18_28)–
(28_27)+(17_27)
w[17_18]=
= (18_28)+ (28_27)+ (17_27).
-
,.
,. ,
=0,2 , Zmin=–0,2 . -, (Zmin),
-
.
-, Zmin
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5.3.3.6. -.
.
5.3.3.3.
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-
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5.3.3.4. , . . -
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,
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.
5.3.3.5. -, - ,
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6 ( . . 400). -
7 ( . . 401).
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.( )
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( )
--
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( )=w( )+ ( ).
, -, -.
— 7505–74. , -, — 7062-67. —
1856-55. — 2008-55; —
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5.5.
,-
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. 5.4.1. 43-82
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5.4.2.
,
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5.4.4.
5.4.5.
.
5.4.6. , -, , .
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; -; .
- 125 -
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, | |
, | ########### # |
| | | 8)) | | |
| | | |----+-----------| |
+--------------------|| | | | | | | (26) | | | | | (25) | (26)* | | 5 | ( (26+25) - | + | (25) | | ||----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|
, , - ( . 5.1).
5.5.2.
.
5.5.2.1.
, , , ( ).
.
5.1
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| N | | | | . .| | | |----+----------------------- ------------ -------+---------- ---------| | | | | | | ) | 0 | | | ) | --------- + | | | ) | | | | | – – – – – – | | 1 | )| | | = = = = = = = | | | | | | | )| | | | | | | | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | | | | | 2 | ( (1| | | (18)* | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | | | | x(17) | | 3 | ( (17)) | | | | | ---------------------------------+--------------------| | | | | | | | | | 4 | | (18)* | | | (18 17) | x(17) | | | | | | | | | | | |----+--------------------------------------------
| | ) || | | | | | | |
- 126 -
- 126 -
5.1 |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | (305) | | | | | (304) ( | (305)* | | 6 | [305=304] - , | = | | | | (304) | | | ) | | | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | (77) | | | | | | 7 [
| | (12)| | | |= (11) /= | | | ( [12=11] - ) | *=| *=/ | | | |(12) | |(11)| |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | (12)| | | 9 | ( (12+11) - | |+ (11) /+ | | | ) | *+| *+/ | | | |(12) | |(11)| |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | | |
(18 27) | (18) (27) | | |<– – – – – 0 | | | ---------------|
| | | | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | , | |(18) | | | 13 | | |<##########>| | | | | | (27)| | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | | | | | (78 708) | |(78) | | | 14 | (78) (708) | |<-----------0 |
| | (706)| |
| ||----------|0 | | | (34) | | | | --------| (23) | | 17 | (15) | |||----------|0| | | | (23) | | | | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
, -
( ), .
(76) ( | (77)* | | 77#76] - , | # | | | | (76) | | | ) | | | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | 8 | (11)
| | (18 27) | (18) (27) | | 10 | ( | |<----------0 | | | ) | | | | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | | | | | (| 11 | | | ) | ||----+--------------------------------------------+-----| | | | | | | | [18 28] - , | (18) (28) | | 12 | | |<==========>| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | (708)| | |----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | | | | | | | (505 706) | |(505) | | | 15 | (505) (706) | |------------0 | | ||----+--------------------------------------------+--------------------|| | (13 34) | (13) (34) | | 16 | (13) |----+--------------------------------------------+------------| | (15 23) | (15)
5.5.2.2.
, .
- 127 -
- 127 -
5.5.2.3. -
( ). -
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5.6.
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. ( . . 5.6) 8 . .
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(2) — (29), (11) — (119), (19) — (199) . ..
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.
.
( . . 5.6, . 128)
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( . . 5.7) (99), (109), (119), (129) . . (909), (1009), (1109), (1209) . .
-. ( . . 5.5, . 127),
(109_129)=0,05., -
( .. 1.21, . 25), ,
, -
10…15 ,, -
.
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(99)
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- 129 -
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10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 . .
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5.7.
5.7.1. . , , ,
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5.7.6. .
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5.7.3.
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5.7.4.
5.7.6.1. -,
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- 130 -
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18, 28, 38, 48 . .-
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5.7.6.4.
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(XY, XZ YZ). 5.7.8. -
.-
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.
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=+ 1– 2.
:
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:
@ =+1 — ;
@ =–1 —
-
, . -
: [27_28]=+(18_28)–(18_27),
, — -. -
, -. - ,
, .
(18_28) ,(18_27) ,
[27=28]=+(18+28)–(18–27).
(18+28) ,
.
- 132 -
- 132 -
"–" (18–27) ,-
.. -
"=", -. -
- "#"
[27#28]=(
5.7.9. ( . .
(w) ,
,
;
;,
-.
( (5.1)
, ;( ) — ; ( ) — -
.
5.7.11. ,)
.:
Zmax=Zmin+
,
18+28)–(18+27).
, — ..
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, -.
.
. ,, -
, 100% .
-. -
;, - -
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:
;
5.7.10. . -, ,
. -:
Zmin=Rz+Df+ )+ ( ),
Rz — ,; Df —
,
(
i; Zmax=Zmin+ w i, (5.2)
- 133 -
- 133 -
— ; i —
.
5.7.12. . --
Z =Zmin+w/2–
; w i —
(2.20…2.22), -- :
0Z; Z =Zmax–w/2– 0Z; Z =Z ( )– 0Z; (5.3.1)…(5.3.3)
Z — - ; w/2 —
; 0Z — -; Z ( ) — .
5.7.13. ( ), ,
-. -
( ). - (2.14…2.16) -
.
- ( -) , -
.
5.8.
-
.
,, -
.
-.
-, -
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-.
6.
6.1.1. — . .1
(18+28)=46
,
: .
, ,
6.1.
0 62,
(38+308)=10 0 26, - 005.
.
- 134 -
- 134 -
(28) . -
, -
-
-
. -,-
. -
[17#28]=+(18+28)+(17+18)=46 +4
, ( ), -
. ( . . 5.1, . 119) ,
().
(28) ( ).
( (17)). (17) (28) .
(18) .
( )., — 0.
- ( . . 6.1) .
(18+28), -,
. — (17–18) — — ,
,
,
0 62,0 3, =50 0 62
0 30,,
,
[17_28]min=49,38; [17_28]max=50,3; [17_28] =49,84 .
- (2.17).
--
(#), , -
.
-
, -
,
-, , -
-
[17#28]=(18+28)+(17+18)
.
(17+18) (18+28) , - -
. 6.1.
,, . .
.
- 135 -
- 135 -
I 1 4 =0,12 .
-
(19_29)min
,
. - I 11… 2,
46 I 12 =0,25 , — w(18_28)=0,25
,=45,38 .
(18+28)=45,63 0 25, .
(18+28)=46 0 620 37,,
.
(17+18), =0,3 w=0,12 .
[17#28]=45,63 +40 25,0 12, =49,63 0 25
0 12,,
;
[17_28] =49,565 .
.
2 1
.
. ,
.)
- , - (27) (28). (17). -
— (27).,
,. -
. 6.2 ( . . 136).
1, [17#27]. , -
(28) (27). (27) ( ) . -
-. -
.:
(17) Rz=80 ,. 5.3 ( . . 121);
[17_28]min=49,38; [17_28]max=49,75;
50,30–49,75=0,55,
.
---
(28) - (17) -
.
( -.
(28) . . 5.3 ( . . 121) -
- 136 -
- 136 -
-
-
..
Zmin=Rz+Df+ ( )+ ( )=0,08+0,05+0,05+0,12=0,3 .
, ( ) - w( )=0,12 ( . c. 401 403,
8) ( )=60 ( . - 27.3, . 414).
( )=w( )+ ( )=0,12+0,06=0,18 .
- (28+27)=0,3
Df (Df=50) .
6.2 ( . . 400);
(17), -
.-
. 20 ( . . 5.1,
. 121). 15 ( . .407) : ( )=50 ;
, -)
. 6.2.
[17#27]=(28+27)+(18+28)+(17+18
. -
( )=120 .
0 18, .:
[17#27]=+(28+27)+(18+28)+(17+18)=0,3 0 18, +45,63 +40 25,0 12, =49,93 ;
[17_27]min=49,68; [17_27]max=50,23; [17_28]=49,955 .
6.1.2. —
, , ,- ,
- =0,8 ( . 36, . 424).
0 250 30,,
. -,
, --
. -.
1 , -
- 137 -
- 137 -
-
.
. ( ) — ( )
. , --
. , -. -
.
-,
-.
. 6.3 -.
( . . 6.4). -
()
-
.
- , -.
. . ..
-, -
, -
, ----
.-
. 6.3. . 6.4.
000 005
. 6.5.
.-
.
.-
( ). 6.5.
1
- 138 -
- 138 -
( ) .
, . -
. -
. 6.5 .
( . . 6.5 6.7) (19+29) 005. ,
(18+28) - (28) ( =0,62)
I 12 ( =0,25).
, ( )
-.
(18+28)=46 =45,63 .
-.
(28+27) — — ,,
, -.
Rz=100…300 - Df=100…150 ( . 6, . 400). -
( )=0,3…1,0 ( . 8, . 401 403).
, -.
, -, -
-, .
( -, , -
- .
( )
Zmin=Rz+Df+ ( )=0,3+0,15+0,65=1,1 .
---
. 6.6 ( . . 139). -
( . . 6.7, . 139) ( . . 135)
(18+28) (28+27) . 6.7 , 005 .
0 620 37,,
0 25,
)
=0,2 ( .11, . 404)
=0,04 ( . 31, . 420…422). - =0,24 .
-
- 139 -
- 139 -
. 6.7 :
— -
;
(28+27)=1,1
(18+28)=45,63 0 25, —
0 24, — - —
-.
(17–27), =0,8
( . 36, . 424).
, -.
— [17=18] -. -
— . --
- ,.
Zmin.
(17) ---
. ( ) -
(17_27)=0,8 , ( -
)(28_27)=0,24 .
[17_18]
[17_18]min=Rz+Df=0,3+0,15=0,45 .
-, , . . [17=18] -
-. ( . . 6.7)
[17=18]=–(18+28) –(28+27) +(17–27) =–45,63 –1,1 +(17–27)
[17_18] =[1
0 25,0 24,
0 8, 0 25,0 24,
0 8, .
,
7_18]min+w[17_18]/2– w[17_18],
; w[17_18] — w[17_18] — -.
28_27)+ (17_27)=0,25+0,24+0,80=1,29 .(
. 6.6. 005.
. 6.7. 1 -
w[17_18]= (18_28)+
- 140 -
- 140 -
w[17_18]=– (18_28)– (28 27)+ (17_27)=
=–0 0 25 0 24 0 0 0 8
2 2 2
( , ) , ( , )=+0,125–0,12–0,4=–0,395 .
[17_18] =[17_18]min+w[17_18]/2– w[17_18]=0,45+1,29/2–(–0,395)=1,49 .
(17 27)
[17=18]=–(18+28)–(28+27)+(17–27); ,49=–45,63–1,1
(17+27)=48,22 .
( ).
[17#18]=–45,63 –1,1
-. -
+(17–27); (17+27)=48,22 .1
0 8,
0 25,0 24, +48,22 =1,490 8, 104
0 25,,
.
[17_18]min=0,45 .
: (17+27)=48,22 .. -
(48,3) (48,2 ). -
0,45, , — . (17+27) — -
. 48,3 [17_18]min=0,45+0,08=0,53 . -
, [17_18]min -.
+0,
. 0,02
0,02 (20 ).-
.:
(17+27)=48,2 .
2
,000 =0,8 .
(17)
08+1,29=1,82 .[17_18]max=[17_18]min+w[17_18]=0,45
(17+27)=48,2 ,
[17_18]min=0,45–0,02=0,43 , [17_18]max=0,43+1,29=1,72 ;
0 8,
005 , ( . . 6.8 6.9, . 141).
- 141 -
- 141 -
-
" " - (17)
.
-— (18+28), (17–28), (17–27) — [17 -
.
(18+28; (17–28), (17–27) —
(: [17=18], [27=28] — -
. , -.
. 6.10 6.11 ( . . 141 142) -
1. [17=18]=–(18+28)+(17–28); 2. [28=27]=+(17–27)–(17–28).
" " (17) ( -)
I 14 ( =0,62 ) (27). " " (28)
I 12.
, -,
( . . 6.9). 2 . 6.10,
— . 6.11 ( . . 142).
=18], [28=27],
.
-,
).
.
:) —
.
:
. 6.10. 2
,. [17=18] (17–
28), , [17_18]min.
. 6.8. . 6.9. 005 005
- 142 -
- 142 -
:
[17=18]=–45,63 +(17–28)
[17_18] +0,125–0,31)=1,07 ;
1,07=(17–28)–45,63; (17+28)=46,7 . (17+28)=46,7 .
[17_18]min=0,45 ; [17_18]max=0,45+0,87=1,32 .
[28 -
[28_27] =[28_27]min+w[28_27]/2– w[28_27]=0,45+1,42/2–(–0,4+0,31)=1,25 ;
1,25=+(17–27)–46,7; (17+27)=47,95 ; (17+27)=48 .
, ---
..
—
( . . 6.12) -- :
005 — . — - .
— -.
-
- . — - -
. . 6.14 ( . . 143). -
,
, ,.
0 25, 0 62, ;
=[17_18]min+w[17_18]/2– w[17_18]=0,45+0,87/2–(
0 62,
(17+28) , =27]
(17–27): [28=27]=+(17–27) 0 8, –46,7 0 62, ;
0 8,
[28_27]min=0,45+0,05=0,5 ; [28_27]max=0,5+1,42=1,92 .
. —
6.1.3.
6.1.3.1.
. 6.13 ( . . 143); 010 —
--
9…11 . 005
, ..
,
. 6.11. 2
. , -, , -
. .,
- 143 -
- 143 -
-
-
, -, . -
- (17–58) — I 12 ( . . 6.13).
-
–
(58)
-
-,
(38–58) .
(17–58) - I 12. -
— .
-
- (18+58) -
(19+59) ( . . 6.12), (48+58)
. --
.
., ,
(38) (38–58)
I 11,
. - (48+58). (58)
. - (58+57)=0,30 18,
.
(38–58)
. 6.12.
(38–58)=(19+59)–(19+39)=25–8=17 .
17 I 11 =0,11 ( . 1, . 398).
(3858) -
(38).)(
0 11,
25 . I 12: =0,21
: (17–58) 0 21, .. 6.13. 005 . 6.14. 010
010 (17)
.. 6.15 ( . . 144). -
.
- 144 -
- 144 -
.
010 4 :
(19+29)=4+–0,15 — (18+28). -
(18) 010 . -. 6.14 6.15;
(19+59)=25 —
(18+58). 010 -
-
(49+59)=4+–0,15 — -
(48+58).
(58) 005.
" " - (57);
(19+39)=8 —
.-
[18=38] .[18=38] — ( . . 6.15).
.
w[18_38] (19_39), -
.
[18=38]=–(38–58)
( . . 6.12, . 143)
. 6.15. 1
0 21,
( (58)), -
005 ( . .6.13, . 143);
0 15,
0 11, +(18+58)
w[18_38]= (38_58)+ (18_58)=0,11+0,21=0,32.
0,17 ., -
. -
.
0 21, .
( . . 5.7.9, . 132). .
- 145 -
- 145 -
-
. 6.16) (38) . -
,-
, .-
[18=38]. 1 — w[18=38]=0,32 . 6.17.
([18=38] ) -.
(19+39)=8 8,0 .
, ( . . 6.17) , . .-
( ).(38–58) (19+39)min=7,85 ( . . 6.15, .144) — w[18=38] ( -
3 . 6.17). w[18=38]=0,32
(38) ,-
.
6.1.3.2.
[18=38] ( )
. 015 ( .
0 15,
. 6.17
- (19+39)max=8,0 ,
.-
, .
015 . 6.16. ( 2)
. – w –
- 146 -
- 146 -
, - ( -)
-
,
--
.. 6.15 ( . . 144)
-
- -. -
-, -
. 6.18). (38)
-
6.13 6.14, . 143). -
145) (58), -
(18).
)(18+58). -
. 6.19. --
,. 6.18. ,
--
--
.-
(18+28), (18+38), (18+58) (48+58), --
.(37–58) (17–58).
(),
015 ( .
010
. 6.18. ( . .
, - ( . . 6.16, .
,,
(18+38
(18+28).
,. 6.20 ( . . 147).
. 6.19. .
- 147 -
- 147 -
-
:
2. [38=37]=–(37–58)
, [17=18] [38=37].
.
1. [17=18]=–25 0 21, +(17–58) ;0 21,
0 11, +25 –8
-.
, -.
. 6.21 ( . . 148) , [17=18]
010. -
Rz=80Df=100 ( .6.1, . 400),
--
005.
-
(17_58)=0,21 , - —
(18+58). -
[38=37] . 6.22 ( . 148).
(17)
[17_18]min=Rz+Df=80+100=180 .
:
[17_18] =[17_18]min+w[17_18]/2– w[17_18]=0,18+0,42/2–(+0,105–0,105)=0,39 ;
0,39=–25+(17–58), (17+27)=25,39 . (17+27)=25,4 .
[17_18]min=0,18+0,01=0,19 ; [17_18]max=0,19+0,42=0,61 .
(37) 005 ( . . 6.22, . 148) - Rz=40 .
010
005.
0 21, 0 15, .
. 6.20. 2. 010 -
[17=18]=–25 0 21, +(17–58) 0 21, ;
0 21,
- 148 -
- 148 -
(18_38)=0,15 - — [38_37]min=–0,15.
38=37]=–(37–58)
,
: [ 0 11, +25 –8
[38_37] =[38_37]min+w[38_37]/2–
0 21, 0 15, ;
w[38_37]=
=–0,15+0,47/2–(–0,055–0,105+0,075)=0,17;
0,17=–(37–58)+25–8, (37+58)=16,83 .
— ., . . -
[17_18]min=–0,15 , (18+38)
(37+58)=16,8. 0 11, [38_37]min=–0,15+0,3=–0,12;
[38_37]max=–0,12+0,47=+0,35.
- (38) -
015 - 010 ( . . 6.22)
---
-
[17_18]min. -
=0,11 (37–58). --
015 — =0,15 (18_38)
( . -
Rz=40 .-
.
005 ,[17=18]=–(18+58) +(17–58)
. 6.21. [17=18]
0 21, 0 21,
.
--
Rz=40 . -
[38=37]=–(37–58) +(18+58) –(18+38)
. 6.22. [38=37]
0 11,0 21, 0 15,
. 6.16, . 145). 010 ( . . 6.19, . 146) (18+38)
(18+58). .
,
[38=37] , (37–58).
[38_37] =[38_37]min–w[38_37]/2– w[38_37]=
=0,04+0,47/2–(–0,055–0,105+0,075)=0,36;
0,36=–(37–58)+25–8, (37+58)=16,64 . (37+58)=16,6 0 11 .,
[17_18]min=0,04+0,04=0,08; [17_18]max=0,08+0,47=0,55 .
:
- 149 -
- 149 -
.
[16# :
0,55–0,35=0,2
0,2 . —
57]. . 6.18 6.20 ( . . 146 147)
[16#57]=(58+57)+(17+58)+(16+17)=0,3 0 18, +25,4 0 21, +4 0 12, =29,7 0 21, .0 30,
|
|| + 18 58 25,000 0,000 –0,210 24,895 0,105 | | + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 |
3 |-----------------’
,- , -
. "" :
N — ;
1, 2 3 — , - ( ) ;
.. 6.1.2 " ".
-
. ( ))
, — . " " "–".
. 6.1.2 "–" "+",
.
— ( . . 6.1
(16+17) (58+57) .
. 6.1.1 6.1.2 ( . . 150).
6.1.1
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | . || | |-----------------------------------------+--------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|N | . | | | .| | . | . | | -| | .|| | | | . | . | | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| + 18 38 8,000 0,000 –0,150 7,925 0,075| = 38 37 –0,150 3 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,180 2
| – 37 58 0,110 0,000 0,055 1 | | + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | – 17 58 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | | + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 16 57‘----------------------------------------------------. 6.1.1
. 6.18 6.20. " " : + — ; – — ; = — ; # — .
, ,
-, ( -
-. 6.1.1 -
,
( . . 6.1.3, . 150), .4, . 150).
- 150 -
- 150 -
| | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|
| + 37 58 16,600 0,110 0,000 16,855 0,055 | | + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | + 17 58 25,400 0,000 –0,210 25,295 0,105 | | + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 16 57 29,490 30,000 29,745 0,255 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’ 6.1.3.3.
( . . 6.16 6.19, . 145 146) , -
I 12, I 12 .
(
(18+38) I 11., -
,
( . . 6.23, . 378), ( . . 6.1.. 378…380.
.------------------------------------------------| | || | |-----------------------------------| | | - | . | .|| | .| | . | . | .|| | | | . | . ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------| = 38 37 0,040‘------------------------------------------------
.------------------------------------------------------| | -| | -|--------------|| | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------||
‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’,
( -
-.
6.1.2
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| |
| + 18 38 8,000 0,000 –0,150 7,925 0,075 | | = 38 37 –0,120 0,350 0,115 0,235 0,030 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,190 0,610 0,400 0,210 0,010 | | + 18 58 25,000 0,000 –0,210 24,895 0,105 | | + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 |
. --
) . (18+58)
. 6.18 6.20, ,
.
5…6.1.8, . 379 380), -
6.1.3
---------------------. | . |------+--------------|| -|N | . | | -| || | | .|+-----+-----+--------| 3 | ---------------------’ 6.1.4
---------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------| | | - | . | .| || | .| | . | . | | | | . | . | | | || = 38 37 0,080 0,550 0,315 0,235 0,040| + 37 58 16,600 0,110 0,000 16,655 0,055 |
) .
,
- 151 -
- 151 -
6.1.3.4.
( . . 6.12)
—
( . . 6.13 6.14, . 143)
(19+39). w[18_38]=0,32 (19_39)=0,15 0,17. (18_58)
12 . 010(18_58)=0,13 (I 11). . 6.15 ( . . 144)
, :
[18=38]=–(38–58) 0 11, +(18+58) 0 13, ;
w[18_38]= (38_58)+ (18_58)=0,11+0,13=0,24 .
w[18_38]=0,24 (19_39)=0,15 .
.-
(18+58) (18_58)=0,21,[18_38]=0,15 .
(38) - (18+58) (18+38), -
[18=58]. . 6.24 . 6.27 ( . . 154).
.
010
. 6.24.
— :
[18=58]=(38–58) 0 11, +(18+38) 0 15, .
- 152 -
- 152 -
- I I 11 ( (18_38)=0,09
.
(18+38) ---
.-
-
--
(18_38)=0,09 ,-
:
(19+39)=8 =7,925 (18+3
w[18_58]=0,11+0,15=0,26 (19_59)=0,21.
. 6.24 ( . . 152) 010 12.
). :
w[18_58]=0,11+0,09=0,20 ( . . 6.25).
=0,21 .
. 6.25.
8)=7,925 0 045, =8 0 120 03,,
.0 15, 0 075, ;
:
1. [18=58]=(38–58) 0 11, +8 0 120 03,,
;
2. [17=18]=–8 –(38–58)0 120 03,, 0 11, +(17–58) 0 21, .
,
.
.
(19_59)–w[18_58]=0,21–0,2=0,01
. 0,005 .
:
[18_58] =[18_58] –
-, .
w[18_58].
[18_58] — (19+58)=25 0 21, .
[18_58] =24,895–[0 11 0 0 03 0 12, , ( , )
2 2]=24,895–(+0,055–0,075)=24,915 ;
24,915=(38–58)+8, (38+58)=16,915 .
- 153 -
- 153 -
, 0,005 .
(38+58)=16,92
,,
.
0 11,.
(38+58) 0,005 .
w[18_58] - (19_59)max=25 .
.
2. [17=18]=–8 –16,92
: (38+58)
0 120 03,, 0 11, +(17–58) 0 21, .
[17_18]min=0,18
[17_18] =0,18+0,41/2–(+
-
-
. 6.1.9 6.1.10 ( . . 154).
6.1.9
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | . || | |-----------------------------------------+--------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|N | . | | | .| | . | . | | -| | .|| | | | . | . | | | | .|
0,120 7,925 0,045 || + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,180 3 | | + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | 55 2 |60 || – 17 58 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | | + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 16 57 3 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
.
0,075–0,055–0,105)=0,47 .
0,47=–8–16,92+(17–58), (17+58)=25,39 .
(17+58)=25,4 0 21, .
:
[17_18]min=0,18+0,01=0,19 ; [17_18]max=0,19+0,41=0,6 .
.
. 6.25 ( . . 152)
|--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| = 18 58 25,000 0,000 –0,210 24,895 0,105 2 | | + 18 38 8,000 –0,030 –
| – 38 58 0,110 0,000 0,0| + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,0
- 154 -
- 154 -
6.
----------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | -| | | | .| ------------|| | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 18 58 24,800 25,000 24,900 0,100 0,010 0,000 | | + 18 38 8,000 –0,030 –0,120 7,925 0,045 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,190 0,600 0,395 0,205 0,010 | | + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | + 38 58 16,920 0,110 0,000 16,975 0,055 | | + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | + 17 58 25,400 0,000 –0,210 25,295 0,105 | 0,000 0,390 0,090 |‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
6.1.3.5. -
-8]-.-
-
-
.
005 . 6.13 ( . . 143) (58) (17–58).
[17=00
( . . 6.28, . 155) -. 6.26 6.27. :
(1(18+28) (18
(4
1.10
.-----------------------------------------------------
| . | . | | . | . | | -|--| . | . | | |
| + 58 57 0,300 0,180| # 16 57 29,490 30,000 29,745 0,255 |
-
[17=1 010
0,6 (. 6.1.10).
-
. . -.
, -
. 6.26. 005 . 6.27. 010
.
(38–58). 18] ,5.
[17=18] (17–38) ( . . 6.25, . 152), .
( . . 6.26 6.27).
9+29) (19+39) 010 (+38));
9+59) 005 ( (48+58)).
- 155 -
- 155 -
-
. [18=58] — -
.-
: (17–38) (38–58). -,-
. --
: - —
[18=58], — - [17=18].
-,
—
;
-. ,
.-
| | | | . || | |-----------------------------------------+--------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|N | . | | | .| | . | . | | -| | .|| | | | . | . | | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| = 18 58 25,000 0,000 –0,210 24,895 0,105 2 | | + 18 38 8,000 –0,030 –0,120 7,925 0,045 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,180 2 | | + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | – 38 58 0,110 0,000 0,055 2 | | + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | – 17 38 0,000 –0,150 0,075 1 | | + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 16 57 4 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
(19+59)
[17_18]min=0,18 .
:
1. [18=58]=+(38–58)+(18+38)
2. [17=18]=–(18+38)+(17–38). . 6.28.
:
[17=18]=–8 0 12, +(17–38) 0 15, ; [17_18] =0,18+0,24/2–(+0,075–0,075)=0,3 ;0 03,
0,3=–8+(17–38), (17+38)=8,3 . (17+38)=8,3 0 15, .
. 6.28 . 6.1.11 6.1.12 ( . . 156).
6.1.11
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.
- 156 -
- 156 -
6.1.12
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 18 58 24,800 25,000 24,900 0,100 0,010 0,000 | | + 18 38 8,000 –0,030 –0,120 7,925 0,045 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,180 0,420 0,| + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,| + 38 58 16,920 0,110 0,000 16,| + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | + 17 38 8,300 0,000 –0,150 8,| + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,| # 16 57 29,370 29,930 29,650 0,280 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’. 6.12 ,
. 6.1.10 ( . . 154) 0,6–0,42=0,18 .
[16#57]
: [16#57]=(58+57)+(38+58)+(17+38)+(16+17)=
=0,3 +16,92
300 0,120 0,000 |000 0,150 |975 0,055 |225 0,075 |390 0,090 |
0 18, 0 11, +8,3 +40 15,0 12, =29,52 .
, [17=18] -.
6.1.3.6. —
1
-
.-
005 -, ,
- (57),
(17), -. 6.29. -
- (18+28), (18+38) -
010 . 6.30 -
(18+58) I 11.-
0 150 41,,
( . . 6.13 6.26, . 143 154),
— (18–48),(18–57).
. 6.31 ( . . 157), .6.1.13 ( . . 157).
. 6.29. . 6.30. 005 010
- 157 -
- 157 -
| | | | . || | |-----------------------------------------+--------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|N | . | . | | -| | .| | | . . | | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| = 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 2 | | + 18 58 25,000 –0,080 –0,210 24,885 0,065 | | = 58 57 0,180 2 | | – 18 57 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | | + 57 56 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | – 18 48 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | + 18 38 8,000 0,000 –0,150 7,925 0,075 | | + 17 18 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 17 56 3 | `---------------------------------------------------------------------’---
-. 6.31.
010 -
-
- (49+59)
. -
[48=58]-
.
- (18–48) (
) -
- 005 -
.:
[48=58]=(18+58)–(18–48). w[48_58]= (18_58)+ (18_48).
(49_59)=0,3 . 010
(I 12)
w[48_58]= (18_58)+ (18_48)=0,21+0,21=0,42 .
6.1.13
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.
| | .| | . || | |
. 6.31.
(18+58). - 005 —
(18+28) (18+38).
(18+58) -
:(19_59)=0,21
(18–48),
- 158 -
- 158 -
2=–0,12 .
I 11 - (18+58) (18 58)=0,13
(49_59)–w[48_58]=0,3–(0,13+0,21)=–0,04 .
[48=58] - ( ). -
(18_48)=0,21 -.
. (18–48)
,(18). I 11 ( (18_48)=0,13 ),
2(79+709). . 6.12 ( . . 1
(79_709)=0,125 (I 12).
(18–48) I 11 ( =0,13), 2(78+708) I 12 (2 /2=0,125),
(18_48)=0,13+0,125=0,255 .
(49_59)–w[48_58]=0,3–(0,13+0,255)=–0,085 .
. -
(18_48)=0,13+0,08=0,21 .
(19+59) -
9…11)
0,06 ,
- (18+58) (18–48) 0,01 .
0 09,
(18_48), -
(49_59)–w[48_58]=0,3–0,4
,
43):
2(79+709)=48 ; 2 (79_709)=0,25 ;0,25
I 11 ( =0,16) :
2(78+708)=48 0 16, ; 2(78_708)=0,16 ; (78_708)=0,08 (I 11);
(–0,04 ).
, I 11. 2(78+708) I 10 ( =0,10
(49_59)–w[48_58]=0,3–[0,13+(0,13+0,10/2)]=–0,01 .
:
(18+58)=25 0 21, , =0,12 ( I 11 (18_58)=0,13 );
2(78+708)=48 0 1, , =0,10 ( I 10);
(18–48) 0 12, , =0,12 ( I 11 (18_48)=0,13 ).
, :
(18_48)=0,12+0,10/2=0,17 .
- 159 -
- 159 -
. 6.32,
4 ( . .6.32) ( ). :
005 , --
:
8_48)
005
(18_48) (48) (57)
005, . 6.31 ( . . 157).
5 0,05
(49_59)–w[48_58]= (49_59)–[ (18_58)+ (18_48)]=
=0,3–[0,12+(0,12+0,1/2)]=+0,01 .
(18–48) . (18–48) (18–57),
w[48_57]= (18_57)+ (1 =0,21+0,17=0,38 .
005 . 6.33. ,
(18+28), ( . . 6.29, . 156) (18).
. 6.33. - [48–57] 005
( . . 6.12, 2(68+608)
(18+28) [48=58]. (78+708) [4
,, ,
.
. 6.32. (18–48) 005
. 143). -
8=58] . (18+28) -
-2(88+808)
- 160 -
: 2(89+809)=25 0 21, ; 2 =0,21 (I 12), . . ---
2 (88+808)/2=0,21/2=0,105 .
(19_29)= (49_59)=0,3 .
(88+808) (18+48) 0,105
:
(19_29)–2 (88_808)/2=0,3–0,105=0,
4 I
, 005 (18_28)=0,12+0,105=0,225 -
(19_29)=0,3 .
005 6.34.
. 6.35.
2.
195 .
12 =0,12 .
(18+28) -,
.. 6.1.14.
- 160 -
6.1.14
------------------.| . |---+--------------|-|N | . | -| | .||
. 6.35.
.---------------------------------------------------| | || | |--------------------------------------| | | - | . | .| || | .| | . | . | || | | | . | . | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| = 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 2 | | + 18 58 25,000 –0,090 –0,210 24,850 0,060 | | = 58 57 0,180 2 | | – 18 57 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | 60 0,060 |0,085 1 |000 0,150 |8,000 –0,030 0,120 7,925 0,045 || + 17 18 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 17 56 3 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
. 6.34. 005
| + 57 56 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,0| – 18 48 0,000 –0,1704,000 0,150 –0,150 4,| + 18 28| + 18 38
- 161 -
- 161 -
:
1. [48=58]=+(18+58) 0 21, –(18–0 09,
48) 0 17, ;
2. [58=57]=+(18–57) 0 21,
0 12,
0 09,–(18+58) 0 21, ;
0 18,3. [17#56]=+(57+56) +(18–57) +(17+18) .0 21,
. -.
.
).
1. [48=58]=25
(18+57) -
(
:
0 210 09,,
–(18–
[48_58] =[48_58] –
48) 0 17, ;
w[48_58]=4–[0 09
2
,
4,065=25–(18–48), (18+48)=20,935 .
2. [58=57]=+(18–57)
0 21 0 0 17
2
( , ) ( , )]=4,065 ;
(18+48)=20,93 0 17, .
:
0 210 09,,
–25 0 21, ;
w[58_57]=[58_57] =[58_57]min+w[58_57]/2–
0 0 21
2
0 09 0 09=0,18+0,33/2–[+
2
( , ) , ( ,
,3
)]=0,3 ;
(18+57)=25,3 0 21, .0,3=+(18–57)–25, (18+57)=25,3.
3. [17#56]=4 0 12, +25,3 0 21, +0 0 18, =29,6 0 210 30,,
.
6.1.15
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | -| |
-------|| = 58 57 0,180 0,510 0,345 0,165 0,000 | | + 18 57 25,300 0,000 –0,210 25,195 0,105 | | + 18 48 20,930 0,000 –0,170 20,845 0,085 | | # 17 56 29,390 29,900 29,645 0,255 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
2
. 6.1.15.
|| | | - | . | .| || | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+| = 48 58 3,860 4,150 4,005 0,145 0,010 0,000 |
.
- 162 -
- 162 -
, -. . 6.
=0,2112). -
2(89_809) I 10 (
-
6.1.16
| | || | ---- - --- --------|| | -|| | -|| | | |
9 0,000 –0,150 7,925 0,075|
–0,250 47,875 0,125|+ 79 709 24,000 0,000 0,120 24,927 0,062|
--------’
-, ,
. 6.12 ( . . 143) 1.16. 2(89+809)
(I=0,084 ).
. 6.12 . 6.1.16.
(58) 010.
. 6.12 ( . . 143) .------------------------------------------------------.||--------- ------ -------- -- | - | . | .| |.| | . | . | | | | . | . ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----|| + 19 29 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150| | + 1 39 8,000| + 1 59 25,0009 0,000 –0,210 24,895 0,105|| + 49 59 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150| | + 2(69 609) 60,000 0,000 –0,300 59,850 0,150| | + 69 609 30,000 0,000 –0,150 29,925 0,075| | + 2(79 709) 48,000 0,000|| + 2(89 809) 25,000 0,084 0,000 25,420 0,042| | + 89 809 12,500 0,042 0,000 12,521 0,021| ‘----------------------------------------------. 6.36 6.37.
. 6.1.17 ( . . 162). . 6.38 ( . . 163).
. 6.37. 010 . 6.36. 005
--
, (19+29) (49+59)
.
- 163 -
6.1.17
- 163 -
| = 28 27 | 2 |
0,000 –0,170 0,085 1 ||
-----------------------------------------------------------------’
-18–27),
—
-
[18=
57),
-
6.38 (28_27), [18=28]
.
(19+29) , [48=58], -
[1
005
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | . || | |-----------------------------------------+--------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|N | . | | | .| | . | . | | -| | .|| | | | . | . | | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| = 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 3 | | = 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 2 | | + 18 58 25,000 –0,090 –0,210 24,850 0,060 | | = 58 57 0,180| – 18 57 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | | + 57 56 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | – 18 48| – 18 27 1| + 18 38 8,000 0,000 –0,150 7,925 0,045 | | + 17 18 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 17 56 3 | ‘----
. 6.38 -
. 6.38.
(18+28) (
(19+29) [18=28].
.
- —
— .
28], [48=58] [58=57] : (18–
(18–48) (18–27).
[48=58] [58=57] -
. 6.35 ( . . 160) -
(18–57) (18–48).
.
-
-
8=28]. (28_27) 010 -
- 2(88+808) 2(87–808) ( . . 6.36 6.37, . 162).
- 164 -
- 164 -
. 6.39 ( . . 164) (28) .
8]min:
45 - 005 ( . . 6.36, . 162).
(18 -;
(88_808) 010 ( . . 6.37, . 162).
. 6.39 , (18–27).
2(87–8
. — (18)
005 2(9.
[18=28]max [18=2
–27)
2(88+808)
[18=28] -
08) 005, -010.
. . 6.40 -8–908)
. 6.40. 005
. 6.37 ( .. 162) . 6.40.
005 ( . . 6.40) (18–27) 2(98–908),
,[18=28], , .
. 6.41 ( . . 165) , -, (0).
,, . .
45 :
[98=88]=(98–0)–(88+0)=[18=28].
. 6.39.
- 165 -
. 6.38 ( . . 163)-
- 165 -
- (28+0),
(88+0) (18–0), (98–0).
-
-9 –0) -
035.
- ( . .
--
(28+0) (18–0), -
-
:
1. [18=28]=–(28+0)+(18–0); 2. [48=58]=+(18+58)–(18–48);
3. [58=57]=+(18–57)–(18+58); . [17#56]=+(57+56)+(18+57)+(17+18).
2, 3 4 . . 6.1.15 ( . . 161).
1 ( . .6.1.18, . 166).
2(98–0) (18) 005.
T(19_29)=0,3 . w[18=28] .
w[18=28]= (28_0)+ (18_0).
(28+0)=(88+0)=12,5
( . . 6.42),
(28) (27),
. 6.41.
.
( 8
6.42)
.
- [18=28] -
(0). . 6.42.
4
0 042,.
- 166 -
- 166 -
6.1.18
.-------- -------------| || | |---------------------------------| | | - | . | .|| | .| | . | . || | | | . | . ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+------ - -| = 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,0| = 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,0| + 28 0 12,500 0,042 0,000 12,5| + 18 58 25,000 –0,090 –0,210 24,8| = 58 57 0,180| – 18 0 0,125 0,000| – 18 57 0,000 –0,210| + 57 56 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | | – 18 48 0,000 –0,170| + 18 38 8,000 0,000 –0,150 7,| + 17 18 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 17 56 3 | ‘--------------------------------------------- T(18_0) :
0,3=0,042+ (18 0); (18_0)=0,
30 . IT12 2 =0,25 .
[18=28]=–12,5
-----------------------.| . |--------+--------------|| -|N | . | | -| | .|
------------------------- |
| | | .|--+-----+---- +----- --|00 0,150 3 |00 0,150 2 |21 0,021 |50 0,060 |2 |0,062 1 |0,105 1 |0,085 1 |925 0,045 |
------------------------’
258 .
0 042,+(18–0)
0 125,.
, -. . 6.1.18.
[18_28] =[18_28] – w[18_28]=4–[
, :
0 042 0
2
0 125 0
2
,,]=3,9585 ;
3,9585=–12,5+(18–0), (18+0)=16
(19+29)=0,3; w[18_28]=0,125+0,042=0,167
(18+0)=16,46
,4585 ;
.
0 125,; =32,92
0 25,.2(18+0)
. 6.1.19. 6.1.19
.----------------------------------------------| | || | |---------------------------------| | | - | . | .|| | .| | . | . | ---------|| | | | . | . ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+------| = 18 28 3,918 4,085 4,001 0,083 0,068 0,065 | | = 48 58 3,855 4,145 4,000 0,145 0,005 0,005 | | + 28 0 12,500 0,042 0,000 12,5| + 18 58 25,000 –0,090 –0,210 24,8| = 58 57 0,180 –0,510 0,3| + 18 0 16,460 0,125 0,000 16,522 0,062 | | + 18 57 25,300 0,000 –0,210 25,1| + 57 56 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,0| + 18 48 20,930 0,000 –0,170 20,8150 7,9 075 |0,3 090 |29,6 5 0,255 |‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
-----------------------.| | --------| | | -| | | -|-----| | | |--+-----+------+-------|
21 0,021 |50 0,060 |45 0,165 0,000 |95 0,105 |60 0,060 |45 0,085 |25 0,0 0,| + 18 38 8,000 0,000 –0,| + 17 18 0,300 0,180 0,000| # 17 56 29,390 29,900 94
- 167 -
- 167 -
6.1.3.7.
109)
-
.-
- (17) (47)
035. --
(17–47) -035
. 6.44 --
-
6.46 . 168. , (1
- ( . . 4.2, .
-, -
. 6.43.
1 -
..
040 .
. 6.43.
, — .
030,
( .. 6.45).
035 --
(17) (47)
(17–28)=(38–47).
-=0,4 -
( . - 7, . 401).
040
, . ..
. 6.46 6.47 ( . . 168). . 6.48 ( 030
…6.489+49) (39+49) — (18+48).
. 6.44. . 6.4 030
5. 035
050). . .(19+29)
- 168 -
- 168 -
,
, - (17–28)
--
9)-
8=28]
-
[17=18] [48=47], -
- (18–47)
(17–47), -.
. 6.48 :
1. [18=28]=+(17–28)–(17–47)+(18–47); 2. [38=48]=+(18+48)–(18–47)+(38–47);
3. [48=47]=+(18–47)–(18+48); . [17=18]=–(18–47)+(17–47).
-.
— 0,8min. -
-
, - 030 .
- Rz=20 -
Df, 6.2 ( .
. 400).
-
Zmin=[17=18]=[48=47]=
=Rz+Df=20+20=40 .
, -.
035,
(38–47) ,
(19+2(39+49) —
[1[38=48].
-
4
. 6.46. - . 6.47. - 050
045
. 6.48.
- 169 -
- 169 -
3 :
[48_47] =[48_47]min+w[48_47]/2–
3. [48=47]=(18–47) 0 1, –40 0 16, ;
w[48_47]=
0 0 1
2
0 0 16
2=0,04+(0,1+0,16)/2–[
( , )
0,14=(18–47)–40, (18
(18+47)=40,14 .
[1
4. [17=18]=–40,14
[17_18] =[17_18]min+w
( , )]=0,14 ;
+47)=40,14 .
0 1,
(18+47) 4,7–47]. :
0 1, +(17–47) 0 16, ;
[17_18]/2– w[17_18]=
0 0 1
2
0 0 16
2=0,04+(0,1+0,16)/2–[–
( ,]=0,2 ;
0,2=–40,14+(17–47), (17+47)=40,34 .
(17+47)=40,34 .
. - 1:
1. [18=28]=(17–28)
) ( , )
0 16,
0 4, –40,34 +40,14
[18_8] =0,8+0,66/2–(+0,2+0,08–0,05)=0,9 ;
0,9=(17–28)–40,34+40,14; (17+28)=1,1 .
0 16, 0 1, ;
(17)
(17+28)=1,1 0 4, . 035
(38–47). 2:
2. [38=48]=40 0 16, –40,14 0 1, +(38+47) 0 4, ;
[38_48] =0,8+0,66/2–(–0,08+0,05+0,2)=0,96 ;
8 , (38+47)=1,2 .
(47)
(38+47)=1,2 =1,2…1,6 .(38+47) -
035. ( .
2 -
( . . 6.43, . 167). ,
. 6.48 ( . .168).
0,96=40 ,14+(3,0–40 –47)
0 4,
(17+28). ,
. 6.1.20 . . 170)
:
(19+29)=(39+48)=0,8…1,2= 0,80 4,
; (19_29)= (39_49)=0,4 .
- 170 -
1 . 6.48 ( . . 168) :
;w[18_28]= (17_28)+ (17_47)+ (18_48)=0,4+0,16+0,1=0,66
- 170 -
w[38_48]= (18_48)+ (38_47)=0,16+0,1+0,4=0,66 .
--
.
-----------------------------. | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | | | | .|| | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 18 28 0,800 1,460 1,130 0,330 0,000 |
0,040 0,300 0,170 0,130 0,000 |,140 0,000 –0,100 40,090 0,050 |28 1,100 0,400 0,000 1,300 0,200 |
=0,4 . — =0,1. -
— =0,15 ( . 7, . 401). =0,2 .
, 0,2 ,
w[18_28]=w[38_48]=0,66–0,2=0,46 .
: –w=0,4–0,46=–0,06 . 030 -
I 11. I 9…I 10.
045 (17–48), =0,1 . 10 -.
050 I 11 - I 10. -
: w[18_28]= (17_28)+ (17_47)+ (18_47)=0,2+0,16+0,1=0,46 ;
w[38_48]= (18_48)+ (18_47)+ (38_47)=0,1+0,1+0,2=0,4 .
[18=28] .
( )..
045).
(18_47)+
..
6.1.20
.----------------------------------------| | | |- | . | .| | -| | . | . | | -|--------------|| . | . | | |
| = 38 48 0,800 1,460 1,130 0,330 0,000 | | + 18 48 40,000 0,000 –0,160 39,920 0,080 | | = 48 47 0,040 0,300 0,170 0,130 0,000 | | = 17 18| + 18 47 40| + 17| + 38 47 1,200 0,400 0,000 1,400 0,200 || + 17 47 40,340 0,000 –0,160 40,260 0,080 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
,
. 6.48 ( . . 168) (17–47) (18–47) (17–18),
( . .
- 171 -
- 171 -
2
030 ( . . 6.44, . 167) ;
035 ( . . 6.45, . 167). --
47)-
6.49);
- I 10.
. 6.51. -
1. [18=28]=(
2. [
=(18+48)+(17+18
. — -
- (17+18). -
--
, —
- 3 -
I 10 =0,04.
:
=0,2 ;-
045.
(
-
(17) ( . .
050 ( . 6.50). -. 6.49. - . 6.50. -
045 050
--
. 6.51.
-:
17–28)–(17+18);
38=48]=
)–(17–47)+(38–47).
,
Zmin
( . .6.49).
- 172 -
-:
0 2,1. [18=28]=(17–28) –(17+18) 0 04, ;
2. [38=48]=(18+48) 0 1, +(17+18) 0 04, –(17+47) 0 16, +(38–47) 0 2, .
:
w[18_28]=0,2+0,04=0,24; w[38_48]=0,1+0,04+0,16+0,20=0,5 .
, w[38_48]=0,5 , -
.
- (48+47) 050 -
. 6.52,
.-
- ( . . 6.51, . 171)
, (18+48).
-:
1. [18= 8
[18=28]
(39_49)–w[38_48]=0,4–0,5=–0,1 .
3
[38=48] , - [48=47]
.
. 6.53 ( . 173).
. 6.52. 050
.
(19+49) 050 . 6.53 ,
,
28]=+(17–2 )0 2,
–(17+18) 0 04, ; [38=48]=–(48+47)0 04,
+(38–47) 0 02, ;
- 172 -
3. [18=48]=–(48+47) +(17–47)0 04, –(17+18) 0 04, .0 16,
:
w[18_28] w[38_48] , -
(19_49)–w[18_48]=0,16–0,24=–0,08 .
0,08 -
(19_29)=0,40 , w[18_28]=0,2+0,04=0,24;
(39_49)=0,40 , w[38_48]=0,04+0,2=0,24;
(19_49)=0,16 , w[18_48]=0,04+0,16+0,04=0,24.
(17_47)=0,16, .
.
- 173 -
4
- 173 -
--
, - 0,06
w[18_28].
.. . 168). -
--
-
-
4 )=0,2 .
--
: (18–47) (17–
-
0,1 (I 10). I 9
— 0,1 .
-9…I 1 .
. 6.54…6.57.
-. 6.58 ( . .
174).
6.48 (
:
—(18_48)=0,1 ;
—(17_28)= (38_ 8
w[18_28]
47),
0,06 .(18–47)=
0,062 .(17–47)=0,16 (I 11).
I 10. 6.53.
. 6.54. . 6.55. 030 035
(18–47) I
(18–47)=0,07.
( (17–47)) I 10, I 11.
(17–47)=0,13.
- 174 -
- 174 -
6.1.3.8. -
.6.58.
Zmin=[17=18]=[48=47]
= =Rz+Df=20+20=40
.
-
-
.
. 380 381.
6.1.3.9. -
, -
. 6.56. - . 6.57. -
045 050
.. 6.59 ,
.. 6.1.22 ( . . 174).
. 6.58. . 6.59.
- 175 -
- 175 -
. -60.
, ,, -
, -.
, -
.,
..
. 6.59.-----------------------------------------| | || | |------------------------- -| | | - | . | | | . | | . | .| | | | . | .|---+-----------+--------+--------+-------| + 19 29 0,800 0,000 –0,025 0,7875 0,0125| | + 29 39 1,200 0,060 0,00| + 19 49 2,800 0,000 –0,06| + 19 59 3,400 0,000 –0,04 2| + 2(69 609) 5,200 0,000 –0,03| + 2(79 709) 2,000 0,000 –0,06| + 2(89 809) 1,800 0,000 –0,025 1,7875 0,0125| | + 2(99 909) 1,500 0,000 –0,060 1,4700 0,0300|
- 6
--
-
----
,
. -
005 . 6.
,-
6.1.22( . . 174) -----------------. | --------- -------|.| | - | | | - | | | | -+--------+------|0 1,2300 0,0300|0 2,7700 0,0300|8 3,3760 0,0 40|0 5,1850 0,0150|0 1,9700 0,0300|
| + 2(109 1009) 0,800 +0,040 0,000 0,8200 0,0200| ‘----------------------------------------------------------’
( )
.
.
.
-
.--
,
. 6.60. 005
.
1.
- 176 -
- 176 -
-9
( .).
-
3…5 ; 015 — .
-
,
-
, -. -
-).
-
-
1
. 6.5005 .
6.60--
: 010 — .
5…7 .
.. 6.61
,
.
--. 6.61.
-.
(
. 005 .
,.
:
M=0,003 0 002, ;0 002,
N=0,005 .
. 6.61 :
1. [18=28]=(18+17) 0 002, +(17+16) 0 00, 2 +(16–56) 015 –(36–56) –0, 0 015,
–(26–36)0 02,
+(26+27) 0 002, +(27+28) 0 002, ;
0 002, 0 002,2. [18=48]=(18+17) +(17+16) +(16–56) 0 015, –(46–56) +
+(46+47) 0 002, +(47+48)
0 015,
0 002, ;
3. [18=58]=(18+17) +(17+16) +(16–56) +(56+57)0 002, 0 002,0 015,
0 002, +(57+58)
4. [28=38]=–(27+28)
0 002, ;
0 002, –(26+27) +(26–36)0 002, 0 02, –(37+36)0 002,
–(38+37) 0 002, .
- 177 -
- 177 -
. --
. , -.
3, — 0,111. :
w[18=28]=3 0 111 0 002 0 002 0 015 0 015 0 02 0 002 0 0022 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , , 2 ) =0,0294;
w[18=48]=3 0 111 0 002 0 002 0 015 0 015 0 002 0 0022 2 3, , , ) =0,0216;2 2 2, ( , , ,
w[18=58]=3 0 111 0 002 0 002 0 015 0 002 0 0022 2 2, , ) =0,0152;2 2, ( , , ,
w[28=38]=3 0 111 0 002 0 002 0 02 0 002 0 0022 2, , ) =0,0204 .2 2 2, ( , , ,
, .
(19_29)=0,025 , w[18_28]=0,0294 ,
(19_49)=0,060 , w[18_48]=0,0216 ,
(19_59)=0,048 , w[18_58]=0,0155 ,
(29_39)=0,060 , w[28_38]=0,0204 .
( (19_29)=0,025–0,0294=–0,0044 ).
.
2 [18=28] . -
: (16–56), (36–56) (26–36). . 6.60 ( . . 175) -
.
- (26) (56) -
(26–36) (36–56), -
-
w[18_28].
[18=28]
(26–36) -,
- (56) -
(36–56)
.. 6.61 ( . . 176)
(56–26), -. 6.62.
005
- 178 -
- 178 -
. -
. 6.62 6.63 ( . . 178). .
[18=28] ,:
1. [18=28]=(18+17) 0 002, +(17+16) 0 002, +(16–56) 0 015, –(26–56) +
,
0 015,
002,.
0+(26+27) 2 +(27+28)0 00
w[18=28]=3 0 111 0 002 0 002 0 015 0 015 0 002 0 0022 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , ) =0,0216.
-: 0,025–
0,0216=+0,0034
-
3 -
--
-
+(16–56) +0,003
.
-
--
.
.
-
-,
. 6.63.
(19+59)=3,352…3,400:
[18=58]=0,005 0 002, +0,003 0 002,0 015,
0 002, +0,005 0 002, ;
[18_58] =[18_58] – w[18 58]=
=3 352 3 4, ,
2–(0,001+0,001–0,0075+0,001+0,001)=3,376–(–0,0035)=3,3795 ;
3,3795=0,005+0,003+(16–56)+0,003+0,005; (16+56)=3,3635 .
- 179 -
- 179 -
(19_59)–w[18_58])/2=(0,048–0,0152)/2=0,0164 .
-.
(16+56)=3,36 .
3,3795–0,0035=3,376.
w[18_58] ,
:
[18_58]=
(
0 15,
-
(19_59), , --
.
w[18_58]+w[18_58]/2=–0,0035+0,0155/2=+0,0043 ,
[18_58]= w[18_58]–w[18_58]/2=–0,0035
[18=58]=3,376 3,3647…3
min =[18_58]min–(19_59)min=3,3647–3,3520=+0,0127
max=(19_59)max–[18_58]max=3,400 –3,380
(16+56) (26–56) (46–56).
1. [18=28]=0,005 +0,003 +3,36 –(26–56)
–0,0155/2=–0,0113 .
,3803 .
:
;
0 01130 0043,,
=
0 3=+0,0197 .
- [18=28] -
:
0 002, 0 002,0 015,
0 015, +0,003 0 002, +0,005 0 002, ;
w[18_28]=0,001+0,001–0,0075–0,0075+0,001+0,001=–0,011;
[18_28] =[18_28] – w[18_28]=0 778 8
2
, ,0–(–0,011)=0,7985;
0,7985=0,005+0,003+3,36–(26–56)+0,003+ 0 6+56)=2,5775 .
6+56)=2,578 .
0,7985–0,005=0,798 .
:
[18_28]=
0,0 5; (2
0,0034 ..
(20 015,
w[18_28]+w[18_28]/2=–0,011+0,0216/2=–0,0002 ;
[18_28]= w[18_28]–w[18_28]/2=–0,011–0,0216/2=–0,0218 .
[18=58]=0,7985 =0,7767…0,7983 .0 02180 0002,,
- 180 -
- 180 -
:
min =[18_28]min–(19_59)min=0,7767–0,7750=+0,0017 ;
max=(19_29)max–[18_58]max–0,8000–0,7983=+0,0017 .
[18=48] (46–56)
2. [18=48]=0,0050 002,
+0,003 0 002, +3,36 0 015, –(46–56)0 015,
+
+0,003 0 002, +0,005 0 002, ;
[18_48] =(2,74+2,8)/2=2,77; w[18_48]=–0,0035;
[18_48] =2,77–(–0,0035)=2,7735;
2,7735=0,005+0,003+3,36–(46–56)+0 6+56 0,59855 .
, 4
,003+0,005, (4 )=
(0,06–0,0216)/2=0 038 .
(46+56)=0,60 015,
.
:
2,7735+0,00145=2,77495 .
:
[18_48]= w[18_48]+w[18_48]/2=–0,011+0,0216/2=–0,0002 ;
[18_28]= w[18_28]–w[18_28]/2=–0,011–0,0216/2=–0,0218 .
[18=58]=2,770 0002,
45 0 0218, =2,7527…2,7743 .
:
min =[18_48]min–(19_49)min=2,7527–2,7400=0,0127 ;
(26–36) -
max=(19_49)max–[18_48]max–2,8000–0,7743=0,0257 .
[28=38] :
4. [28=38]=–0,005 0 002, –0,003 +(26–36)0 002, 0 002, 0 002, ;0 02, –0,003 –0,005
[28_38]
01+0,01–0,001–0,001=0,006
=(1,20+1,26)/2=1,23;
, ,0 ,
=–0,005–0,003+(26–36)–0,003–0,005; (26+36)=1,24 .
w[28_38]=–0 001–0
[28_38] =1,23–(0,006)=1,224 ,
1,224
(26+36)=1,240 02,
.
:
[28_38]= w[28_38]+w[28_38]/2=0,006+0,0204/2=+0,0162 ;
[28_38]= w[28_38]–w[28_38]/2=0,006–0,0204/2=–0,0042 .
[28=38].
- 181 -
- 181 -
[28=38]=1,2240 016,,
min =[28_38]min–(29_39)min=1,2203–1,2000=+0,0203 ;
max=(29_39)max–[28_38]max–1,2600–1,2407=+0,0193 .
181). . 6.1.24 ( . . 182) ,
,
,-
--
.
6.1.23
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 18 28 0,776 0,798 0,787 0,011 0,001 0,002| | = 18 48 2,753 2,776 2,764 0,010 0,013 0,025| | = 18 58 3,365 3,380 3,372 0,008 0,013 0,020| | = 28 38 1,220 1,240 1,230 0,010 0,020 0,020| | + 16 56 3,360 0,000 –0,015 3,352 0,007 | | + 26 36 1,240 0,020 0,000 1,250 0,010 | | + 26 56 2,578 0,015 0,000 2,586 0,007 | | + 46 56 0,600 0,015 0,000 0,608 0,007 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
0 00422
=1,2198…1,2402 .
:
. 6.1.23 ( . .
- .
w[18_28] .
-, -
.,
. 6.64. 005
-, -
-,
-
-
.
--
( =0,015…0,020) 7…10
-( =0,002),
- 182 -
- 182 -
( =0,02(19+29)
- .
-.
6.1.24 -.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | - | . | .| | -| | .| | . | . | | -| | | | . | . | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----| = 18 28 0,768 0,806 0,787 0,019| = 18 48 2,746 2,784 2,764 0,019| = 18 58 3,361 3,384 3,372 0,011| = 28 38 1,216 1,244 1,230 0,010| + 16 56 3,360 0,000 –0,015 3,352 0,007| + 26 36 1,240 0,020 0,000 1,250 0,010| + 26 56 2,578 0,015 0,000 2,586 0,007| + 46 56 0,600 0,015 0,000 0,608 0,007‘------------------------------------------------------
3
( ).
( (16)) . 6.65
. , -.
+(17+16) +(16–26) +(26+27)
-,
,--
.-
5)( . . 6.59, . 174).
,-
, -
. 6.65.
| || | |--------------|| | |+------+-------|–0,007 –0,006|0,006 0,016|0,009 0,016|0,016 0,016|||||---------------’
-
. 6.64 ( . . 181). -
:
1. [18=28]=(18+17) 0 002, 0 002,0 015,
0 002, +(27+28) 0 002, ;
- 183 -
- 183 -
2. [18=48]=(18+17) +(17+16) +(16–46) +(26+27)0 002, 0 002,
0 015,0 002, +(27+28)
3. [18=58]=(18+17) +(17+16) +(16–56) +(56+57)
0 002, ;
0 002, 0 002,0 015,
0 002, +(57+58)
4. [28=38]=–(27+28) –(26+27) +(26–36)
0 002, ;
0 002, 0 002, 0 02,–(37+36) 0 002, +(38+37)
. (16+56)
(26+36), - ..
-.
:
(19_29)=0,025 ; w[18_28]=0,002+0,002+0,015+0,002+0,002=0,019 ;
19)/2=0,003 ;
015+0,002+0,002=0,019 ;
(0,060–0,019)/2=0,0205 ;
(19_59)=0,048 ; w[18_58]=0,002+0,002+0
(0,048–0,0
(29_39)=0,06 ; w[18_48]=0,002+0,002+0,
(0,06–0,01
6.1.3.10. -
.
. 381 382.
6.2.
6.2.1. —
6.2.1.1. —
(18+28). . 6.66 ( . . 184).
.
2(37+307)
0 002, .
(0,025–0,0
(19_49)=0,06 ; w[18_48]=0,002+0,002+0,
,015+0,002+0,002=0,019 ;
19)/2=0,0145 ;
015+0,002+0,002=0,019 ;
9)/2=0,0205 .
.
—
-.
0 30 2,,
(
( . 27.3, . 414).
( )=60 .
. 32, . 422).
- 184 -
- 184 -
---
2(38+308),-
2(39+309). --
)--
-
-
--
-
,-
. -
---
(308) -
-
(308+307), . --
.
,.-
.
.
(
( . . 6.67). . 6.66.
005 ( ) (39)
(309).
.
.
.
005
(38).
[37=38].
. 6.67.
( )=0,06. 6.67 :
( )/2=0,06/2=0,03 .
(308+307) 0,03
- 185 -
- 185 -
- 32 ( . . 422). (308+307) -
.: (308+307)=0 .
. 6.67 ( [37=38], . . 184)
0 15,
:
[37=38]=–(38+308) 0 105, –(308+307) 0 015, +(37–307) 0 150 10,,
=
=10 0 105, –0 0 015, +(37–307) 0 150 10,,
.
.6 ( . . 400).
[37=38]min=Rz+Df=(40…80)+(50…100)=180 .
:
[37_38] =[37_38]min+w[3738]/2– w[37_38]=
0 105 0 03 0 25, , , 0 0 105 0 015 0 015 0 1 0 15=0,18+ –[–
2 2 2 2]=
=0,18+0,
( , ) , ( , ) , ( , )
1925–(+0,0275)=0,344 ; 0,344=–10–0+(37–307), (37+307)=10,344 .
: (37+307)=10,344 0 15,0 10,
; 2(37+307)=20,688 0 3, =20,7 0 3,
. 6.67 (308+307)
0 2, 0 2,.
. ,. (308+307)
,.
6.2.1.2. —
.161…166.
. 6.36 6.37 ( . . 162) . 6.68 ( . . 186) -.
. 6.1.16 ( . . 162). 2(68+608) -
, 27.3 ( . . 414), 60 .
(608_607)=0,060/2=0,03, (608+607)=0
-, — .
, , -
,
0 015, .
, ( . . 6.36),
0,015 .
(608+708)=0
-(608+708)
0 006, .
16 ( . . 408) , (608_807)=0,08; (608+807)=0
, -+–0,04 .
- 186 -
- 186 -
010 ( .
(608+808)=0 ( . -
27.3, . 414).
, 0,03 .
. 6.68
0 015, .
, -
-
, ---
[708#808]=(608+808)–(608+708)=0
. 6.37, . 162) 0 015,
( . . 6.12, . 143) --
- (79) (89)
(709+809)=0
( : (68+608), (78+708) (88+808)),
[708_808]=0 0 015, .
-,
.. 6.68.
0 015, –0 0 006, =0 .
. ,, -
#.
w[708_808] -(709_809)
(709_809)–w[708_808]=0,03–0,042=–0,12 .
- 010. . 6.37 ( . . 162) -
(68), (709_809) — (78), -
. - ( .
27.2, . 414) ( . 27.3, . 414), (78).
0 21,
. 6.68
- 187 -
- 187 -
010 -. 6.69 ( . . 188).
,-
. . 6.70 ( . . 188) , -
. 6.36 6.69 ( . . 162 188). - (708+808).
- . :
1. [88=87]=(88+808)–(708+808)–(608+708)+(608+807)–(87–807)=
=12,5
,
0 042,–0 –00 015, 0 006, +0 0 04, –(87–807) 0 105, ;
2. [67=68]=–(68+608)–(608+607)+(67–607)=–30 –00 15, 0 015, +(67–607) .
-. .
. -,
.
:
[88_87] =0,08+0,1345–(–0,0315)=0,246 ;
0,246=12,5–0–0+0–(87–807), (87+807)=12,254 .
(87+807)=12,254 ; 2(87+807)=24,508
0 450 15,,
-
-. . 6.70
[67=68]min=0,18 . 010 , -
Rz=40 Df=40 005 .
[88=87]min=Rz+Df=40+40=80 .
0 105, 0 21, .
2(87+8
:
[67=68] =0,18+0,39–(–0,075)=0,645; 0,645=–30–0+(67–607), (67+607)=30,645 .
: (67+607)=30,645
07)=24,50 21,
.
0 450 15,,
; 2(67+607)=61,29 0 90 3,,
=61,3 .
.
. 6.2.1 ( . . 188) -. 6.70.
0 90 3,,
- 188 -
- 188 -
. 6.70.
6.2.1
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 88 87 0,080 0,349 0,215 0,134 0,000 | | = 67 68 0,180 0,960 0,570 0,390 0,000 | | + 87 807 12,254 0,105 0,000 12,306 0,052 | | + 2(87 807) 24,500 0,210 0,000 24,399 0,105 | | + 67 607 30,645 0,150 –0,450 30,495 0,300 | | + 2(67 607) 61,300 0,300 –0,900 61,000 0,600 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’ 6.2.2. —
6.1.3.7
.
. 6.71 ( . . 189) 0,3min .
- (49) (59) .
(39+49) , (59+69) —.
. 6.69. 010
.
- 189 -
- 189 -
-
2(59+509).--
-
(209), --
— (509).
(509) (209)
.
( 065) - 060, . 6.72. -
-, .
-
065. -=0,2 .
---
070 -. -
-
( ,
-) -
-
( -, -
-).
. 6.73 ( . . 190) .
( 075) .
(59+509).
. 6.71.
. 6.72. 60
- 190 -
- 190 -
. 6.74.
. - – -
.
( -) 060
, 065, 070
075 -. 6.75.
- ( . . 6.75)
,
[38=48] [58=68] - 0,3min .
-
(070 075). , -
--
- 060 Rz=40 .
- Df=40 .
-
.
-
-
[48_47]min=[57_58]min==Rz+Df+ ( )=40+40+50=130 .
. 6.73. 070 . 6.74. 075
.-
.
, -
, -.
- 50 .
-.
. 6.75.
- 191 -
- 191 -
- .. 6.75
:
1. [38=48]=–(48+408) –(408+507)0 0125,
0 025, +(407+507) +
+(47–407) +(38–47)
0 025,
0 0125, 0 2, ;
2. [58=68]=+(58+508) 0 0950 060,,
–(408+508) 0 02, +(408+507) –
–(57–507) +(57–68)
0 025,
0 1190 069,, 0 2, ;
3. [57=58]=–(58+508) 0 0950 060,,
+(408+508) 0 02, –(408+507) 0 025, +(57–507)
4. [48=47]=+(48+408)
0 1190 069,,
;
0 0125,+(408+507) 0 025, –(407+507) 0 025, –(47–407)
. 6.2.2, -. 6.2.3.
6.2.2
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | . || | |-----------------------------------------+--------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|N | . | | | .| | . | . | | -| | .|| | | | . | . | | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|
||
|| + 408 507 0,000 0,025 –0,025 0,000 0,025 | | – 38 47 0,200 0,000 0,100 1 | ||| – 47 407 0,012 0,000 0,006 3 | | + 2(18 108) 90,960 0,000 –0,014 90 890 0,007 | | + 18 108 45,480 0,000 –0,070 45,445 0,035 | | – 108 407 0,000 0,012 –0,012 0,000 0,012 | | + 407 507 0,000 0,025 –0,025 0,000 0,025 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’ 6.2.3
----| | |-----------------------------------------| |
-+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 58 67 0,395 0,770 0,582 0,187 0,095 | | = 57 58 0,130 0,305 0,218 0,087 0,000 | | = 48 47 0,131 0,205 0,143 0,037 0,001 | | + 38 47 0,600 0,200 0,000 0,700 0,100 | | + 57 68 0,700 0,200 0,000 0,800 0,100 | | + 57 507 14,107 –0,069 –0,119 14,013 0,025 | | + 2(57 507) 28,214 –0,138 –0,238 28,026 0,050 | | + 47 407 20,807 0,012 0,000 20,813 0,006 | | + 2(47 407) 41,614 0,025 0,000 41,626 0,012 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
0 0125,.
| = 38 48 0,300 5 | | = 58 68 0,300 5 | | = 57 58 0,130 4| – 2(58 508) 27,746 0 0,035–0,121 –0,191 27,58| + 58 508 13,873 –0,060 –0,095 13,795 0,017 | | + 408 508 0,000 0,020 –0,020 0,000 0,020 | | – 2(48 408) 42,000 0,025 0,000 42,012 0,012 | | + 48 408 21,000 0,012 0,000 21,006 0,006 | | = 48 47 0,013 4
| – 57 68 0,200 0,000 0,100 1| – 57 507 –0,069 –0,119 0,025 3
.----------------------- ------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+-------| = 38 48 0,344 0,669 0,507 0,162 0,044 |
- 192 -
060 0,1 . -
)=(57 8 ,70 2,
.(38+47 +6 )=0
6.3.
. 6.71 ( . . 189) (109_409) (109_209). -
,. -
, .
. -.
. 6.75 w[108_408] :
[108#408]=–(408+507)+(407+507)+(108+407)=–0
.
0 025, +0 0 025, +0 =0
w[108_408]=0,124 ( . . 190).
w[109_209]=w[109_509] :
[108#508]=+(408+508)–(408+507)+(407+507)+(108+407)=
=+0 –0
0 012, 0 062, ;
+0 0 025, +0 0 012, =0 0 082, ; w[108_508]=0,164 .
-
-,,-
.-
. . 6.75), . 6.76.
-
()
-
0 02, 0 025,
,
(
, -
,,
---
.
. 6.76. .
- 192 -
- 193 -
- 193 -
6
6.4.1. . 6.77 .
( ) .--
— , 005 --.
194
.4. , —
. 6.4.1. ( . . 6.78) -
(609+709) (69) (79)
( . . 6.79, . 194). , 010 015 ( . . 6.80 6.81,
195) (68) (78).
. 6.78.
6.4.1
.-----------------------------------| | || | |---------------------- - - || | | - | . | | | .| | . || | | | . ||-----------------------------------|+ 39 49 122,000 0,500 –0|+ 29 49 148,000 0,000 –0|+ 19 49 174,000 0,000 –1|+ 2(59 509) 62,000 0,800 –0|+ 59 509 31,000 0,400 –0|+ 2(69 609) 52,000 0,000 –0|+ 69 609 28,000 0,000 –0|+ 2(79 709) 42,000 0,000 –0|+ 79 709 21,000 0,000 –0|+ 609 709 0,000 0,025 –0|+ 809 909 0,000 0,000 0‘-----------------------------------
.-
( . . 6.82 6.83, . 195). . 6.82 , (39+49) -
.
. 6.77.
. 6.77 -------------------. | --------- -- ------.| | -|. | | -|. | | |-------------------|,500 121,500 0,500|,400 147,800 0,200|,000 173,500 0,500|,400 62,200 0,600|,200 31,100 0,300|,300 55,850 0,150|,150 27,925 0,075|,250 24,875 0,125|,125 12,437 0,062|,025 0,000 0,025|,000 0,000 0,000|-------------------’
.
- 194 -
- 194 -
,(28–38) (28+48) , w[38_48] -
(39_49). :
8+48 –(28–38)
_ = (2 _ ,61
[38=48]=(2 ) 0 4, 0 21, .
w[38 48] 8_48)+ (28 38)=0,4+0,21=0 .
. 6.80. 010
-
-.
6.4.1 -
(809
-
(607+808) (707+908).
):
[808#908]=(707+908)+(607+707)–(607+808).
-, -
.
. 6.79. 005
(39_49)–w[38_48]=1,0–0,61=+0,39 .
. ( . . 6.83, . 195),
[608#708].
. 6.83 ,
( . . 193). (809+909) — (89) (99) ,
+909)=0 0 0, .
, 005 ( . . 6.79) (67) (77).
. 6.83
(88+808) (98+908).
( (808) (908)) (
- 195 -
- 195 -
. 6.82.( )
[808#908] - (808~908), -
-- (808~908) -
"~". . 6.83
(808) (908).
(808~908)=0 .
--
,-
. --
. (608+808) (708+908)
-.
, - (609+709)=0 -
,
[608#708]=–(708+908)+(808~908)+(606+908)=–0
. 6.81. 015
. 6.83.
. -
0 0,
0 025,
0 025, +0 0 0, +0 =0 .0 025, 0 05,
- 196 -
- 196 -
.
,
( )
6.4.2.
I 15. 6.3: L1=5,98 .
0,48.
.,
.
) ---
. -
.-
- 005.
- ( ) -
,--
. . 6.84 -
- 005, -
(18) (48), -
---
.(18) (48)
-
. - [608#708] -
. --
.
-0 24,
--
(
—
(-
. 6.84. (48) 005
), - L1.
- 197 -
- 197 -
--
(
5 -
( . - 29, .
L1
) , L1 ,
. 010 01,
0,015 415).
. 6.85. 010 . 6.86. 015
. 6.87. 010 . 6.88. 015
. 6.85 6.86.
)., - 005 . 6.84 ( . .
196). (118–28) (108–38) .
6.88),L1
(118–28) (108–
.
( -
010 015 - (48) (18) ( . . 6.87
-. 6.84.
38) - L1, -
-
- 198 -
- 198 -
). -. 6.89
, . 6.90 — (- -
[608#708]=0 0 05, (
(609+709)=0 0 025, ).
. [608#708]
. 6.83 ( . . 195) ( . . 6.90)
[608#708]=–(708+908)+(808+908)+(608+808)=–0 0 007, +0 0 0, +0 0 007, =0 0 014, .
..
. 6.82 ( . . 195) (39+49) ----
.
.. 6.89
. 6.90.
. 6.89 , (39+49) -
- 005 (18+48) (18_48)=1,0 , 015 -
w[38_48]= (18_48)+ (18_38)=1,0+0,35=1,35; (38_48)–w[38_48]=1,0–1,35=–0,35 .
. 6.89. ( )
[38=48]=(18+48)–(18–38).
I 12, :
[38=48]=(18+48) 10, –(18–38) 0 35, .
:
- 199 -
- 199 -
–48) -I 12. (18+48) 174 I 12 (18_48)=0,4 . -
–(18–38) ; w[38_48]= (18_48)+ (18_38)=0,4+0,3=0,75 ;
.(18
:
[38=48]=(18+48) 0 35,0 4,
(38_48)–w[38_48]=1,0–0,75=+0,25 ..
. 6.89 6.90 ( . . 198) -:
1. [38=48]=+174 0 4, –(18–38) 0 35, ;
2. [38=37]=–(37–48) +174 0 4, –(18–38) 0 35, ;10,
3. [27=28]=–148 0 4, +(37–48) 10, +(27–37) 0 510,,
;
4. [17=18]=–174 0 4, +(37–48) 10, +(17–37) 0 510,,
;
0 510,,
–(37–48) 10, .5. [48=47 =+(37] –47)
6. [77=78]=–21 5 –0
. 6.89. ( . . 6.90).
0 12, 0 007, +0 0 32, +(77–707)0 4,
;0 2,
7. [67=68]=–26 0 15, –0 0 007, +0 0 4, +(67–607) 0 2, .
2(5 -0 ( . . 6.78, . 193).
[38_37]min=[27_28]min=[17_18]min=[48_47]min=[77_78]min=
f=200+300=500 .
-.
2…7 :
2. w[38_37]= (37_48)+ (18_48)+ (18_38)=1,0+0,4+0,35=1,75 ,
[38_37]max=[38_37]min+w[38_37]=0,5+1,75=2,25 ;
3. w[27_28]= (28_48)+ (37_48)+ (27_37)=0,4+1,0+1,5=2,9 ,
[27_28]max=[27_28]min+w[27_28]=0,5+2,9=3,4 ;
4. w[17_18]= (18_48)+ (37_48)+ (17_37)=0,4+1,0+1,5= 2,9 ,
[17_18]max=[17_18]min+w[17_18]=0,5+2,9=3,4 ;
5. w[48_47]= (37_47)+ (3738
0 4,
( (59) 8+508)) Rz=40 .
Rz=200 Df=30
=[67_68]min=Rz+D
)=1,5+1,0=2,5 ,
[48_47]max=[48_47]min+w[48_47]=0,5+2,5=3,0 ;
- 200 -
- 200 -
=
+0,014+0,64+0,6=1,379 ,
[77_8]max=[77_8]min+w[77_78]=0,5+1,379=1,879 ;
-.
-
2…7 -. 6.89 6.90 ( . . 198) -
| | ----------------------------------------| |
| = 38 48 121,625 122,375 122,000 0,375 0,125 0,125| | + 18 38 51,975 0,000 –0,350 51,800 0,175 | | = 38 37 0,500 2,250 1,375 0,875 0,000 0,000| | = 27 28 0,500 3,400 1,950 1,450 0,000 0,000|
‘--------------------------------------------------------------------–’
L1 005 -
. -197 -
-
6. w[77_78]= (78708)+ (708_908)+ (707_908)+ (77_707)
=0,125
7. w[67_68]= (68_608)+ (608_808)+ (607_808)+(67 607)=
=0,15+0,014+0,8+0,6=1,564 ,
[67_68]max=[67_68]min+w[67_68]=0,5+1,564=2,064 .
,,
,.
,-
. 1 (18–38).
(18+38) 2 (37–48). -.
. 6.4.2. 6.4.2
.--------------------------------------------------------------------–.| | || | |-| | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+--------–+--------+--------+--------+--------+----–+------+------–|
| + 37 48 121,125 0,000 –1,000 120,625 0,500 | | = 17 18 0,500 3,400 1,950 1,450 0,000 0,000| | = 48 47 0,500 3,000 1,750 1,250 0,000 0,000| | + 27 37 28,876 1,000 –0,500 29,126 0,750 | | + 17 37 54,876 1,000 –0,500 55,126 0,750 | | + 37 47 122,125 1,000 –0,500 122,375 0,750 | | = 608 708 0,000 0,140 –0,140 0,000 0,140 0,011 0,011| | = 77 78 0,500 1,879 1,190 0,690 0,000 0,000| | = 67 68 0,500 2,064 1,282 0,728 0,000 0,000| | + 77 707 22,027 0,400 –0,200 22,127 0,300 | | + 2(77 707) 44,054 0,800 –0,400 24,254 0,600 | | + 67 607 27,107 0,400 –0,200 27,207 0,300 | | + 2(67 607) 54,214 0,800 –0,400 54,414 0,600 |
. 6.89 6.90 . 6.78, 6.87 6.88 ( . . 193 197).
( . . 6.84…6.86, . 196 ) ( )
.
- 201 -
- 201 -
-
, (18–38) -
--
. - (16) (46) -
- (17) (47).
--
(18) (48). -
, (Rz=40 ), L1 -
. . 6.91.
:
(28+48) (18–38) -
010 015.
. 6.85 6.86 ( . . 197) ,
[28=48] -
L1=(18+108) --
(108–38). -
—
. 6( ).91.
0 05,1. [38=48]=+174 0 4, –3 –(108–38) 0 3, ; 2. [28=48]=+3 0 05, +(28–118)
3. [38=37]=–(37–48) +174 –3
0 35, ;
0 05, –(108–38) 0 3, ;10, 0 4,
4. [27=28]=–(28–118) 0 35, –3 0 05, +(37–48) 10, +(27–37) 0 510,,
;
5. [17=18]=–174 +(37–48) –(37–47)0 4, 10, 10, +(17–47)
7. [16
0 4, ;
6. [48=47]=+(37–47) 10, –(37–48) 10, ;
=17]=–(17–47) 0 4, +(37–47) 10, +(16–37) 01,
50, ;
8. [47=46]=+(37–46) 0 510,,
–(37–47
- 005 --
.91) -.
8 ( . . 193) -.
( . . 6 -: 4, 6, 7 8.
) 10, .
(18) (48)
, [17=18] [48=47] . ( . . 6
. 6.4.3 (. 202).
. 6.7(17) (47) (16) (46)
.4.2 6.4.3, . 200 202).
- 202 -
- 202 -
6.4.3
.--------------------------------------------------------------------–.| | | | | | | |----------------------------------------–| | | | || | - -|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+--------–+--------+--------+--------+--------+----–+------+------–|| = 38 48 121,625 122,375 122,000 0,375 0,125 0,125| | = 28 48 147,600 148,000 147,800 0,200 0,000 0,000| | + 108 38 48,925 0,000 –0,300 48,775 0,150 | | = 38 37 0,500 2,250 1,375 0,875 0,000 0,000| | = 27 28 0,500 3,400 1,950 1,450 0,000 0,000| | + 28 118 144,950 0,000 –0,350 144,775 0,175 | | + 37 48 121,125 0,000 –1,000 120,625 0,500 | 0,000 0,000|0,000 0,000|| = 16 17 0,500 3,400 1,950 1,450 0,000 0,000| | + 17 47 176,400 0,000 –0,400 176,200 0,200 | | + 37 47 122,125 0,000 –1,000 121,625 0,500 | | = 47 46 0,500 3,000 1,750 1,250 0,000 0,000| | + 37 46 123,125 1,000 –0,500 123,375 0,750 | | + 27 37 28,876 1,000 –0,500 29,126 0,750 | | + 16 37 56,275 1,000 –0,500 56,525 0,750 |
:7),
(27–37) (37–46) -
---
-, -
-.
6.5.
6.5.1. ,
6.5.1.1. 1
. 6.92 .. 6.5.1 ( . . 204).
. -- -
( =3 ).
. 6.93 ( . . 203).
| - | . | .| | -|.| | . | . | | -|------- -----
| = 17 18 0,000 2,800 1,400 1,400| = 48 47 0,000 2,000 1,000 1,000
‘--------------------------------------------------------------------–’
(77–707) (67–607); (16–3
. 6.92.
,
.
: [77=78]7=28], [16=17][67=68]; [2
[47=46]
,
- 203 -
- 203 -
-
- Rz=40
.(79) (99)
--
. 005 -
. 6.94. (89), (29) (39),
(89) ( . . 6.92, . 202) - 010
-.
. 6.95.
. 6.95. . 6.96. 010 015
(19), (49), (59) (69) . . 204).
(59+69) 020 , -.
(57) -.
000). 6.93. (
. 6.94. 005
015 020. . 6.96 6.97 (
- 204 -
- 204 -
6.5.1
. 6.92 ( . . 202) .------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | |----------------------------------------–| | | | -|||--+--------–+--------+--------+--------+--------+----–||+ 19 49 98,000 0,000 –0,870 111,565 0,435| |+ 29 39 32,000 0,000 –0,620 31,690 0,310|
1 ( .6.98),
Y (19+49), (29+39)
; 2 ( . . 6.99),
Y
3 ( . . 6.100), X
(79+99) (89+99) .
| - | . | .|| || | . . | . | | -|| | | . | . | | |
|+ 39 49 24,000 0,260 –0,260 24,000 0,260| |+ 59 69 64,000 0,000 –0,740 63,630 0,370||+ 79 99 44,000 0,000 –0,620 43,690 0,310| |+ 89 99 28,700 0,260 –0,260 28,700 0,260| ‘------------------------------------------------------’.
6.92 :
(39+49) -
(59+69) ;
. 6.97. 020
2 . 6.98. 1 . 6.99.
- 205 -
- 205 -
6.5.1.1.1. 1 ( . . 6.98, . 204)
- (28+38),
-
: (38–47),
- : [17=18], [48=47], [27=28] [38=37].
.
Rz=600
—
[17_18]min=[48_47]min=[27_28]min=[38_37]min=0,6+1,0=1,6
000 — ( . . 6.93, : =3,0 . —
010 ( . . 6.95, . 203). " " (47)
14 .
=0,52.
1
. 6.100. 3
1,(18+48), (38+48)
010 015, : (19+49), (39+49) (29+39).
-(27–37), (37–47) (17–47).
---.-
. -
Df=1000 .=3 ,
.
.
. 203). .
-
(38–47) 24…26 -
, -
:(38 47)=+0,52 .
1. [17=18]=–(18+48)+(38+48)–(38–47)+(17–47)=
=–98 +24 0 26, –(38– 0 52,0 87, 47) +(17–47) 15, ,
w[17_18]=0,87+0,52+0,52+3,0=4,91 ;
2. [48=47]=+(38–47)–(38+48)=+(38–47)0 52,
–24 0 26, ,
w[48_47]=0,52+0,52=1,04 ;
3. [27=28]=–(28+38)–(38–47)+(37–47)+(27–37)=
47 +(37–47))0 52,
1 5, +(27–37) 15, ,=–32 0 62, –(38–
w[27_28]=0,62+0,5 ,0+3,0=7, 42+3 1 ;
. [34 8=37]=–(37–47)+(38–47)=–(37–47) 15, +(38–47)0 52,
,
w[38_37]=3,0+0,52=3,52 .
- 206 -
- 206 -
;
2 8_47 ;
3. [27_28]max=[27_28]min+w[27_28]=1,6+7,14=8,74 ;
4. [38_37]max=[38_37]min+w[38_37]=1,6+3,52=5,12 .
.
,.
12…14 .
14 , — 12. (38–47) ( .
. 6.98, . 204). 14 .
(28+38) (38) ( ) .12 ( =0,25),
015, (18+48) =0,35; (38+48) =0,21 .
-:
1. w[17_18]=0,35+0,21+0,52+3,0=4,08 ; 2. w[48_47]=0,52+0,21=0,73 ;
3. w[27_28]=0,25+0,52+3,0+3,0=6,77 ; 4. w[38_37]=3,0+0,52=3,52 .
:
w[17_18]=4,91; w[48_47]=1,04; w[27_28
- w[27_28] -
. -,
[27=28] .
1 . 6.101, . 6.102 ( . . 207).
,.
. 6.101 :
:
1. [17_18]max=[17_18]min+w[17_18]=1,6+4,91=6,51
. [48_47]max=[4 ]min+w[48_47]=1,6+1,04=2,64
:;
" "
]=7,14; w[38_37]=3,52 .
1. [17=18]=–98 0 35, +24 0 105, –(38–47) 0 52, +(17–47) 15, ;
[17_18]max=1,6+(0,35+0,21+0,52+3,0)=5,68 ,
[17_18]max=6,51 ;
2. [48=47]=+(38–47)0 52,
–24 0 105, , [48_47]max=1,6+(0,52+0,21)=2,33 ,
3. [27=28]=–32 –(38–47) +(27–47)
[48_47]max=2,64 ;
0 25,0 52,
1 5, , [27_28]max=1,6+(0,25+0,52+3,0)=5,37,
[27_28]max=8,74 ;
- 207 -
- 207 -
4. [38=37]=–(37–47) 15, +(38–47)0 52,
,
[38_37]max=1,6+(3,0+0,52)=5,12 ( ).
. 6.102. . 6.101. 1
.
:
[48_47] =[48_47]min+w[4847]/2– w[48_47]=1,6+0,73/2–(0,26–0)=1,705 ;
1,705=+(38–47)–24, (38+47)=25,705. (38+47)=25,7 .
:
0 52,
0 52, +(17–47) 15, ,1. [17=18]=–98 0 35, +24 0 105, –25,7
[17 ;
3 .
_18] =[17_18]min+w[17_18]/2– w[17_18]=1,6+4,08/2–(+0,175+0–0,26+0)=3,725
,725=–98+24–25,7+(17–47), (17+47)=103,425. (17+47)=103,4 15,
: 3. [27=28]=–32 0 25, –25,7 0 52, +(27–47) 15, ,
[27_28] =[27_8]min+w[27_8]/2– w[27_8]=1,6+3,77/2–(+0,125–0,26+0)=3,62 ;
3,62=–32–25,7+(27–47), (27+47)=61,32. (27+47)=61,3 15, .
: 4. [38=37]=–(37–47) 15, +25,7
[38_37] =[38_37]min+w[38_37]/2–
0 52,,
w[38_37]=1,6+3,52/2–(0+0,26)=3,1 ;
3,1=–(37–47)+25,7; (37+47)=22,6. (37+47)=22,6 .
1 ( . . 6.101) -. 6.5.2 ( . . 208).
2
15,
6.5.1.1.2.
2 ( . . 6.99, . 204) , (58+68) .
14 12 : =0,3. : [68=67] —
- 208 -
- 208 -
; ; -, -
. -:
(57_58)min=Rz+Df+ ( )=0,6+1,0+3,0=4,6 ,
( ) — ( . 30, . 416…420).
6.5.2 1 .--------------------------------------------------------------------–.| | | | | | | |----------------------------------------–| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+--------–+--------+--------+--------+--------+----–+------+------–|| = 17 18 1,575 5,755 3,615 2,020 –0,025 | | = 48 47 1,595 2,325 1,960 0,365 –0,005 | | + 38 47 25,700 0,520 0,000 25,440 0,260 | | + 17 47 103,400 1,500 –1,500 103,400 1,500 | | = 27 28 1,580 5,350 3,465 0,885 –0,020 | | = 38 37 1,600 5,120 3,360 1,760 0,000 | | + 37 47 22,600 1,500 –1,500 22,600 1,500 | | + 27 47 61,300 1,500 –1,550 61,300 1,500 | ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------–’
4,6 14 =0,3: (57_58)=+0,3 .
2 ( . . 6.99, . 204) - (58+68) =0,3 -
- (57+58) :
[68=67]=(57–67)–(57+58)–(58+68)=(57–67)
[68_67]min=1,6 ; (57+58) — . -,
15, –4,6 0 3, –64
[68_67] =[68_67]min+w[68_67]/2–
0 3, ,
w[68_67]=1,6+3,6/2–(0–0,15+0,15)=3,4;
3,4=(57–67)–4,6–64; (57+67)=72. (57+67)=72 .
6.5.1.1.3. 3
3 ( . . 6.100, . 205)
— (78+98). -.
(89+99) [88=98],
=0,52 .
1. [88=98]=+(78+98) –(78–88) ; w[88_98]=0,62+0,43=1,05
. 14 -
12 .
1. [88=98]=+(78+98) –(78–88) ; w[88_98]=0,25+0,18=0,43
(89_99)=0,52.-
3.
15,
,-
-
(89_99).:
0 62, 0 43,
(78). : (78_98)=0,25; (78_88)=0,18
0 25, 0 18,
- 209 -
- 209 -
. 6.100 ( . . 205):
2. [88=87]=(78–87) –(78–88) ; 3. [77=78]=–(78–87) +(77–87)0 43, 0 18, 0 43, 1 5, ;
4. [98=97]=(77–97) 15, –(77–87) 15, +(78–87) 0 43, –(78+98) 0 25, .
—
( . . 6.102 . -
1. [88=98]=+64 –(78–88) ; w[88_98]=0,25+0,18=0,43 .
-
:
[88_98] =[88_98] – w[88_98]=28,7–(–0,125+0,09)=28,735 ;
8,735=+44–(78–88), (78+88)=15,2
(89_99)–w[88_98])/2=(0,52–0,43)/2=0,09/2=0,045.
[88 87] =[88_87]min+w[88_87]/2– w[88_87]=1,6+0,61
2,03=+(78–87)–15,3; (78+87)=17,33. (7
:
3. [77=78]=–17,3 +(77–87)
,.
, . 207) 3 . 6.103 ( . . 210).
:
4. [98=97]=(87–97) 15, +(78–87) 0 43, –(78+98) 0 25, .
.
0 25, 0 18,
(89+99).
2 65 .
(78+88)=15,3 0 18, .
–15,3 0 18, ,
/2–(–0,215+0,09)=2,03 ;
8+87)=17,3 0 43, .
: 2. [88=87]=+(78–87) 0 43,
0 43, 1 5, ,
[77_78] =[77_78]min+w[77_78]/2– w[77_78]=1,6+3, 1
3,1=–17,3+(77–87); (77+87)=20,4. (77+87)=20,4
:
4. [98=97]=(87–97)
43/2–(+0,215+0)=3, ;
15, .
15, +17,3 –44
[98_97] =[98_97]min+w[98_97]/2– w[98_97]=1,6+3,68/2–(0–0,215+0,125)=3,53 ;
=30,2 .
2 3 ( . . 6.101 6.103, . 207 210) . 6.5.3 ( . . 210). -
,
.,
-.
0 43, 0 25, .
3,53=(87–97)+17,3–44; (87+97)=30,23. (87+98) 15,
.,
.
- 210 -
- 210 -
6.5.3 2 3 .---------------------------------------------------------------------. | | -------------------------------------| |
-------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 68 67 1,600 5,200 3,400 1,800 0,000 | | + 57 67 72,000 1,500 –1,500 72,000 1,500 | | = 88 98 28,665 0,215 –0,215 28,665 0,215 0,010 0,080| | + 78 88 15,300 0,000 –0,180 15,210 0,090 | | = 88 87 1,570 2,180 1,875 0,305 –0,030 | | + 78 87 17,300 0,000 –0,430 17,085 0,215 | | = 77 78 1,600 5,030 3,315 1,715 0,000 | | = 98 97 1,570 5,250 3,410 1,840 –0,030 | ||‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’ 6.5.1.2. 2
6.5.1.2.1. 1 . 6.104 -
,( . . 6.92, . 202),
- 025
- (79) (99) 030
035 Ra=1,25 .
(79) ;
(99) -.
— .
1,2
030 035 -. 6.105 6.106 ( . .
211). -.-
11 .
030. 15…16 =0,11 .: =–0,11.
| | || | |----| | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+-
| + 17 87 20,400 1,500 –1,500 20,400 1,500| + 27 48 30,200 1,500 –1,500 30,200 1,500
: 1. — (
2 ); 2.
(99) 0,3 3. (79)
.6.102 ( . . 207).
=( =+0,8, =–0,4).
. 6.103. 3
. 6.94…6.97 ( . . 203 204).
(79+99)=44 ; (89+99)=28,7
. 6.104.
0,62 0,26
- 211 -
.
. =0,16 . =–0,16
1
207), 1. -
2 3,
. 6.107. --
. 6.94…6.97 ( . . 203 204). . 6.107 ,
-: -
(78+108), (118+98) - (88+98).
1. [88=98]=44 –(78–88) ; w[88_98]=0,16+0,11=0,27
(89_99) . 1 -
— (78–88). (79) (99) -
. (79_109) (119_99) - w[78_108] w[118_98]
. :
2. [78=108]=+(77–108) –(77–88) +(78–88)
w[78_108]=0,4+0,18+0,11=0,69 ;
3. [118=98]=+ 44 – +(118–97)
- 211 -
. 6.106 035
(78+98) 11 .
035.
. 6.105 030 .
2 2
. 6.107. 3
. 6.99 6.101 ( . . 204
: [78=108], [118=98] [88=98].
(89_99)=0,52 .
w[88_98] :
0 16, 0 11,
0 4,0 18, 0 11, ,
0 25,0 4, ,(78–88) 0 11, +(77–88) 0 18, –(77–97)0 16,
w[118_98]=0,16+0,11+0,18+0,25+0,4=1,1 .
2 3 - (77+108) (118+97) 025.
- 212 -
- 212 -
. -
- ) -.
. 6.107 ( . . 211) - [98=97]:
-
-
6.5.1.2.
6.110 ( . ..
--
.
. 6.110.
.-
- --
,16+0,18+0,11=0,45 ;
2. [88=98]=+(77–98) –(77–88)
w[88_98]=0,16+0,18=0,34 ;
;
w[118_98]=0,16+0,25+0,4=0,81 ;
5. [77=78]=–(78–88) +(77–88) , w[77_78]=0,11+0,18=0,29;
6. [98=97]=+(77–97) –(77–98) , w[98_97]=0,25+0,16=0,41.
, -
2 . -. -
.
, (
[98=97]=+(77–97) –(77–88) +(78–88) –440 25, 0 18, 0 11, 0 16, ,
w[98_97]=0,25+0,18+0,11+0,16=0,7 .
.
[98=97] [118=98] (98) .
2. 2
. 6.108 6.109 , .213)
. 6.108. . 6.109.:
8–88)
030 035
1. [78=98]=+(77–98) 0 16, –(77–88) 0 18, +(7 0 11, ,
(79_99)=0,62 w[78_98]=0
0 18, ,0 16,
(89_99)=0,52
3. [78=108]=+(77–108) 0 4, –(77–88) 0 18, +(78–88) 0 11, ,
w[78_108]=0,4+0,18+0,11=0,69
4. [118=98]=+(77–98) 0 16, –(77–97) 0 25, +(118–97) 0 4, ,
0 11, 0 18,
0 25, 0 16,
- 213 -
- 213 -
2
.-
[118=98] 1,1 0,81 , -
- [98=97] — 0,7 0,41
. 2 , -
( . . 6.108 6.109) -
.
035 -
. -
-,
(78) (98) -.
2 --
. 6.5.1.2.3. 3
, - 035 -
030. 030
( . 2, . 6.108 6.109), - 035 -
-. 6.113.
. 6.110. 3. 2
035 (98).
.. 6.111 6.112,
. 6.111. 030 . 6.112. 035
:
1. [78=108]=+(77–108) 0 4, –(77–98) 0 16, +44 0 16, ,
w[78_108]=0,4+0,16+0,16=0,72 ;
2. [118=98]=+(77–98) –(77–97) +(118–97)
w[118_98]=0,16+0,25+0,4=0,81 ;
0 16, 0 25,0 4, ,
- 214 -
- 214 -
3. [88=98]=+(77–98) –(77–88)
(89_99)=0,52 w[88_98]=0,16+0,18=0,34 ;
+(77–98) ; w[77_78]=0,32 ;
5. [98=97]=+(77–97) –(77–98) ; w[98_79]=0,41 ;
6. [88=87]=+(77–87) –(77–88) ; w[88_87]=0,61 ;
7. [76=77]=–(77–87) +(76–87)
0 16, 0 18, ,
4. [77=78]=–44 0 16, 0 16,
0 25, 0 16,
0 43, 0 18,
0 43, 0 40 8,,
; w[76_77]=1,63 ;
8. [97=96]=+(87–96) 0 40 8,,
+(77–87) –(77–97) ; w[97_96]=1,88 .
--
. --
--
, --
Rz=40 - ( . -
[88_87]min=[97_96]min=[76_77]min=
=0,6+1,0=1,6 .
--
-
-.
0,24=–44+(77–98); (77+98)=44,24. (77+98)=44,24 .
:
[98_97] =[98_97]min+w[98_97]/2– w[98_97]=0,08+0,41/2–(–0,125+0,08)=0,33 ;
0,33=+(77–97)–44,24; (77+97)=44,57. (77+97)=44,57 .
0 43, 0 25,
3
- 1,6 .
,
Df=40 6.1, . 400).
:
[77_78]min=[98_97]min=
=0,04+0,04=0,08 ;
(77–98). . 6.113. . 3
.
:
[77_78] =[77_78]min+w[77_78]/2– w[77_78]=0,08+0,32/2–(+0,08–0,08)=0,24 ;
0 16,
[88_98] =[88 98] – w[88_98]=28,7–(–0,08+0,09)=28,69 ;
28,69=+44,24–(77–88); (77+88)=15,55. (77+88)=15,55 0 18, .
:
0 25,
- 215 -
:
[78_108] =[78_108]min+w[78_108]/2– w[78_108]=
=0,3+0,72/2–(+0,2+0,08–0,08)=0,46;
0,46=+(77–108)–44,24+44; (77+108)=0,7 . (77+108)=0,70 4,
.
:
[118_8] =[118_8]min+w[118_8]/2– w[11898]=0,3+0,81/2–(–0,08+0,125+0,2)=0,46;
0,46=+44,24–44,57+(118–97); (118+97)=0,79. (118+97)=0,8 .
:
[88_87] =[88_87]min+w[88_87]/2– w[88_87]=1,6+0,61/2–(–0,215+0,09)=2,03 ;
2,03=+(77–87)–15,55; (77+87)=17,58. (77+87)=17,6 .
:
[76_77] =[76_77]min+w[76_77]/2–
0 4,
0 43,
w[76_77]=1,6+1,63/2–(+0,215+0,2)=2,0 ;
2,0=+17,6–(76–87); (76+87)=19,6. (76+87)=19,6
:
[97_96] =[97_96]min+w[97_96]/2– w[97_96]=1,6+
2,43=+(87–96)+17,6–44,57; (87+96)=29,4.
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 78 108 0,300 1,020 0,660 0,360 0,000 | | = 118 98 0,310 1,120 0,765 0,405 0,010 | | = 88 98 28,700 0,170 –0,170 28,700 0,170 0,090 0,090| | = 77 78 0,080 0,410 0,250 0,160 0,000 | | + 77 98 44,240 0,000 –0,160 44 ,| = 98 97 0,080 0,500 0| + 77 108 0,700 0,400 0,000 1| + 118 97 0,800 0,400 0,000 1| + 77 88 15,550 0,000 –0,180 15| = 88 87 1,620 2,230 1| + 77 97 44,570 0,000 –0,250 44| = 97 96 1,600 3,480 2| = 76 77 1,600 3,230 2| + 77 87 17,600 0,000 –0,430 17,385 0,215 |
-. -
.. 030 035 -
-.
0 40 8,,
.
1,88/2–(+0,2–0,215+0,125)=2,43;
(87+96)=29,4 0 40 8,,
.
. 6.5.4. 6.5.4
. 3
,170 0 080 |,295 0,205 0,000 |,000 0,200 |,100 0,200 |,460 0,090 |,925 0,305 0,020 |,445 0,125 |,540 0,940, 0,000 |,415 0,815 0,000 || + 76 87 19,600 0,800 –0,400 19,900 0,600 | | = 87 96 29,400 0,800 –0,400 29,700 0,600 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
: (118+97)=0,8…1,2 .
- 215 -
- 216 -
- 216 -
.
-(9 -
- (77)
6.5.1.2.4. 4
030 035
, (77) 7) (98) (77+98).
(98). (78) (78+98).
. 6.114. 030
( )
. 6.114, --
-:
4 ( . .6.115).
--
:
(77+98)=(78+97)=
=44,24 0 16, ,
3 ( . .6.113, . 214);
. 6.115. 3. 4
- 217 -
- 217 -
— 78+98)
4 ( . . 6.115, . 216) .
, [88#98] . ( )
-. -
:(89+99)=28,44…28,96 ; (89_99)=0,52 .
[88#98] 3 4 .6.115:
[88#98]=44 –44,24 +44,57 –15,55 =28,78
[88#98]=28,37…29,12; w[88_98]=0,75 .
w[88_98]=0,75 (89_99)=0,52 .
min=[88_98]min–(89_99)min=28,37–28,44=–0,07 ;
max=(89_99)max–[88_98]max=29,12–28,96=–0,16 .
-. 6.116. -
-
-
-, -
,.
--
- (88+98).
. (89+99)
030, (79+99) — 035. 6.1
-
-
( =44 0 16, .
0 16, 0 16, 0 25, 0 18, 0 410 34,,
,
-.
6.5.1.2.5.
. 6.116.
. 6.117. 030 . 6.118. 035
. 6.117 18.,
,.
- 218 -
- 218 -
,
.. 6.119 ( . . 382).
. 6.5.5 ( . . 383). . 382 383.
6.5.1.3. 3
6
--
2
2 [78=108] [118=98]
3 — .
-
, , -.
. -=0,4 ( . 7, . 401). -
. -
. -.
. 6.113 ( . . 214) (77–88) (118–98) =0,15 =0,1 , w[78_108]
:w[78_108]= (77_108)+ (77_98)+ (78_98)=
=0,15+0,16+0,16=0,47 w[78_108]=0,1+0,16+0,16=0,42 ;
w[118_98]= (118_97)+ (77_97)+ (77 98)=
=0,15+0,25+0,16=0,56 w[118_98]=0,1+0,25+0,16=0,51 ;
[118=98] - [77=78] [98=97] -, . .
.
. 5.
.5.1.3.1. 1
. . 6.104 ( . . 210) . :
. (79) (99) 0,3…0,6 . 58…62 HRC .
(79_109)= (119_99)=0,3 .
( . . 6.5.4, . 215) ,
w[78_108]=0,72; w[118_98]=0,81 .
.
=0,1 , 0,5 . =0,15 . 2,0
[118_98]
,,
= (119_99)–w[118_98]=0,3–0,56(0,51)=–0,26(–0,21) .
-.
[78=108]
- 219 -
- 219 -
- -.
--
Rz=40 —
005;
(97+98) (77+78) : Rz+Df=40+40=80 .
.-
-
--
30% -.
(77_97)=0,25 .
( )=80
(97+98).(97_98)=0,15 ( . 13, . 40
(77) (78) ,
(77+78).
=0,08 ( . 13).
. 6.120 6.121.
030 035 -
:(97+98)=0,160 15,
(77+78)=0,130,08
Df=40 — 005; ( ) — 005.
. 6.120. 030 . 6.121. 035
-
- (77) (97), -
005 -
(77–97).
.030 -
Rz+Df+ ( )=0,04+0,04+0,08=0,16.
-5…406).
035 -
. 6.122. 3. 1
(97_98). 30% ( )=50 -
:
Rz+Df+ ( )=0,4+0,4+0,5=0,13 .
- 220 -
- 220 -
.6.120 6.121. 1 . 6.122 ( . . 219).
(77–108) (118–98) 025
-).
--
(79_109)=0,3 ;
2. w[118_98]= (98_97)+ (118_97)=0,15+0,15=0,3 .
(119_99)=0,3 ;
3. w[78_98]= (98_97)+ (77_97)+ (77_78)=0,15+0,25+0,08=0,48 .
4. w 7)+ (77_88)=0,15+0,25+0,18=0,58 .
(89_99)=0,52 .
= (89_99)–w(88_98)=0,52–0,58=–0,06 .
030 =0,15 . 035 =0,08 .
0,07 , -, 2, -
, .
6.5.1.3.2.
2. .
. . 6.123 6.124 ( . . 384). . 6.125 ( . . 384).
. 6.5.6 ( . . 385).
. . 221) 221) -
-).
. 6.128…6.133 ( . . 222).
(97+98) (77+78)
.
. . 6.110 ( . 213,
.:
1. w[78_108]= (77_108)+ (77_78)=0,15+0,08=0,23 .
(79_99)=0,62 ;
[88_98]= (98_87)+ (77_9
. 384 385.
6.5.2.
6.5.2.1. 1. 1
6.126 ( . , . 6.5.7 ( . ..
— ( . . 6.127, . 221). . 6.5.8 ( . . 222)
31 ( . . 420…422
- 221 -
. 6
.5.7
.--------------------------------------------------------.|-------|- | . | .| | -| | . | . | | -|
.126. . 6.127.
6
. 6.126
| | || | |----------------------------------| | | | | .|| | | | . | . | | ||---+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----|| + 19 59 200,000 0,000 –0,460 199,740 0,230| | + 209 309 86,000 0,175 –0,175 86,000 0 175| | + 309 59 64,000 0,150 –0,150 64,000 0,150| | + 99 109 104,000 0,000 –0,350 103,825 0,175| | + 99 309 56,000 0,150 –0,150 56,000 0,150| | + 2(29 209) 52,000 0,300 0,000 52,150 0,150| | + 29 209 26,000 0,150 0,000 26,075 0,075| | + 2(39 309) 52,000 0,300 0,000 52,150 0,150| | + 39 309 26,000 0,150 0,000 26,075 0,075| | + 2(49 409) 64,000 0,000 –3,000 62,500 1,500| | + 49 409 32,000 0,000 –1,500 31,250 0,750| `--------------------------------------------------------’
- 221 -
- 222 -
. 6.131. . 6.132.. 6.128. 005 020
025
. 6.129. 010
. 6.133. 030
6.5.8 . 6.127 ( . . 221) .--------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | - | . | .| | -|
1,500 –1,500 1,500|| – 408 57 1,500 –1,500 1,500| | – 97 107 0,000 –3,000 1,500| | – 97 408 1,500 –1,500 1,500| | – 2(26 207) 3,000 0,000 1,500| | – 2(36 307) 3,000 0,000 1,500|
-, -
. 6.130. 015
| | .| | . | . | | -|| | | | . | . | | ||---+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----|| – 17 57 0,000 –4,000 2,000| | – 207 408
| – 26 207 1,500 0,000 0,750| | – 36 307 1,500 0,000 0,750| | + 2(48 408) 64,000 0,000 –3,000 62,500 1,500| | + 48 408 32,000 0,000 –1,500 31,250 0,750| ‘--------------------------------------------------------’
. 6.126 ( . . 221) ,.
:
- 222 -
- 223 -
- 223 -
-;
-
6
. 030 ( . ..133 6.134) ( )
[207–307] [307–57] (208+308)
(3 ( ).
----
.
-,
.
-
.
-.
6.134 (409) - 2(49+409) -
(309)
1, Y
2, X .
. 6.127…6.133 .
.5.2.1.1. 1 1 . 6.134.
6(307) (207) . -
(308+58) (208) 08), -
030 ( . .6.134)
.
-.
,
( -) -
[208=207] =[308=307] =0
2(39+309). --
.
( . . 6.126, . 221)-
(309) - (409).
. 6.134. 1. 1
- 224 -
- 224 -
(408_308). [408=308]
:
2. [28=27]=–(27–208)
w[408_308],
1. [408=308]=–(308+58) 0 15, +(17–58) 115, –(17–57) 4 0, +(408–57) 15, ,
w[408_308]=0,3+1,15+4,0+3,0=8,45 .
8,45 , — 2[408=308]=16,9 .
.
0 37,+(28+208) ; 3. [38=37]=–(37–308)0 15, 0 37,
+(38+308) 0 15, ;
4. [17=18]=–(18+58) 0 46, +(17–58) 115, ; 5. [58=57]=+(17–57) 4 0, –(17–58) 115, ;
6. [308=307]=+(308+58) 0 15, –(17–58) 115, +(17–57) 4 0, –(408–57) 15, +(408+307) 0 5, ;
7. [208=207]=+(208+308) 0 175, +(308+58) 0 15, –(17–58) 115, +
+(17–57) 4 0, –(408–57) 15, –(207–408) 15, .
6 7 (408–57) (207–408) (408) (207) . -
(408_308), (408–57) -, 1.
8. [37=36]=–(36–307)1 5,
+(408+307) 0 5, –(408–57) 15, +(17–57) 4 0, –
–(17–58) +(308+58) 0 15, –(37–308)0 37,
;115,
9. [27=26]=–(26–207)15,
–(207–408) 15, –(408–57) 15, +(17–57) 4 0, –
–(17–58) 115, +(308+58) 0 15, +(208+308) 0 175, +(27–208)0 37,
.
6…9 .-
-.
6.5.2.1.2.
( ) .6.134 ( . . 223), .
:
3;
0,111= 1/9.
. 386…388,. 6.5.9 ( . . 226).
-. 6.5.10 ( . . 388).
- 225 -
- 225 -
2
- ( . . 6.131…6.133, . 222).
- 1 ( . . 6.134, . 223) -
7] [308=307]
[27=26] [36=37].
1 2 -
. --
.
7,17 ,--
.
6.5.2.1.3. 2
1 ( . 6.135) -
( . . 6.126, . 221)
[208=20
. 6.135. 2. 1
2:
1. [408=308]=+(98+308) 0 15, –(98–107) +(97–107) –(97–408)0 87, 3 0, 1 5, ,
w[408_308]=0,3+0,87+3,0+3,0=7,17.
— 2[408=308]=14,34 .
:
2. [28=27]=–(27–208)0 37,
+(28+208) 0 15, ; 3. [37=38]=+(308+37)0 15,
–(308–37)
7
0 37, ;
4. [108=107]=+(98–107) –(98+108) ; 5. [97=98]=–(98–107) +(97–107) 3 0, ;0 87, 0 35, 0 87,
6. [208=207]=+(98+208) 0 15, –(98–107) +(97–107) –(97–20 ) 15, ;0 87, 3 0,
7. [308=307]=+(98+308) 0 15, –(98–107) 0 87, +(97–107) 3 0, –
–(97–408) 15, –(408+307) 0 5, .
6 7 (97–408) (97–207) (408) (207) . -
(408_308), (97–408) -, 1.
8. [36=37]=+(308–37) 0 37, +(98+308) 0 15, –(98–107) +(97–107) –0 87, 3 0,
–(97–408) –(408+307)15, 0 5, –(307–36)15,
;
- 226 -
- 226 -
9. [27=26]=–(26–207) +(97–207)15,
1 5, –(97–107) +(98–107) –3 0, 0 87,
0 37,–(98+208) 0 15, +(27–207) .
6.5.9 1. 1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - -| | | . | .| || | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 28 27 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | = 38 37 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | + 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 |
| + 37 308 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 |
| = 37 36 1,631 7,089 4,365 2,729 0,031 |
1,650 3,260 2,455 0,805 0,050 |202,800 0,000 –1,150 202,225 0,575 || = 58 57 1,600 6,750 4,175 2,575 0,000 | | + 26 207 20,250 1,500 0,000 21,000 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 40,500 3,000 0,000 42,000 1,500 | | + 36 307 20,600 1,500 0,000 21,350 0,750 | | + 2(36 307) 41,200 3,000 0,000 42,700 1,500 | | + 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,000 1,500 | | + 408 57 68,200 1,500 –1,500 68,200 1,500 | | + 17 57 208,400 0,000 –4,000 206,400 2,000 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’ 7…9 .
--
.
6.5.2.1.4.
. 6.135 ( . . 225)
:
3; 0
" " 1 -
[27=26] [36=37] 2 ( . . 6.5.11).
| + 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | + 2(37 308) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | = 27 26 1,631 7,789 4,705 3,079 0,031 | | = 208 207 0,000 2,956 –3,006 –0,025 2,981 | | = 308 307 0,000 2,593 –2,643 –0,025 2,618 | | = 17 18| + 17 58
( ) ,- .
,111=1/9.
. 388…390, . . 228).
-. 6.5.12 ( . . 390).
. 6.5.11 (
6.5.2.1.5.
. [27=26] [37=36] , 1 ( . . 6.5.9, . 226)
[27_26] =4,705 . [27_26]max=7,789 .
- 227 -
- 227 -
-
0…396.
2(49+409) 2(39+309) ( . . 6.126, . 221) 1 . -
005 22) 010 . -
:
( -
- ( ).
.
000
. 6.128 ( . . 222). 010
. 6.146 ( . . 228). 015 020
. 6.147 6.148 ( . . 228 230).
----
.-
:
2. [28=27]=–(27–208)+(28+208); 3. [38=37]=–(37–308)+(38+308).
[28_27]min=[38_37]min=0,08 .
. . 6.5.9 ( . . 226).
,[27=26], [37=36] [36=37]
.
. 39
6.5.2.2. 2
( . , . 6.128, . 2
— ,
); — .
" " (26) 2(26–207) — . -
- 1 2.
6.5.2.2.1. 1 1
. 6.145. 1 -
.
. 6.127 ( . . 221). 005
. 6.145 -
.
. 6.145. 1
- 228 -
- 228 -
.----------------------------| | || | |---------------| | | - | | | .| | .| | | | .|--+---------+--------+------| = 28 27 0,8| = 37 38 0,8| + 27 208 25,550 0,3| + 2(27 208) 51,100 0,7| + 308 37 25,550 0,3| + 2(308 37) 51,100 0,7| = 108 107 1,6| = 97 98 1,6| = 27 26 1,5| = 36 37 1,6| + 98 107 106,500 0,0| = 208 207 0,000 3,550 –3,620 –0,035 3,585 | | = 308 307 0,000 2,1| + 26 207 21,050 1,5| + 2(26 207) 42,100 3,000 0,000 43,600 1,500 | | + 307 36 21,050 1,53,00,01,5 || + 97 408 59,500 1,500 –1,500 59,000 1,500 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
6.5.11 2 -----------------------------------------. | | --------------------------| | . | .| | -| | | . | | -|--------------|| . | | | | |--+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|00 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 |00 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 |70 0,000 25,735 0,185 |40 0,000 51,475 0,370 |70 0,000 25,735 0,185 |40 0,000 51,475 0,370 |30 2,850 2,240 0,610 0,030 |00 5,479 3,535 1,935 0,000 |96 6,204 3,900 2,304 –0,004 |12 6,328 3,970 2,358 0,012 |00 –0,870 106,065 0,435 |
92 –2,262 –0,350 2,227 |00 0,000 21,800 0,750 |00 0,000 21,800 0,750 |00 0,000 43,600 1,500 |00 –3,000 109,600 1,500 |00 –1,500 59,500 1,500
| + 2(307 36) 42,100| + 97 107 111,100| + 97 207 59,500
.147. 015
-
. 6. 6.146. 010
:
[27_26]min=[37_36]min=[17_18]min=[58_57]min=1,6 .
5. [58=57]=+(408–57) 15, –(408+308) 0 5, –(3 8+5 15, =0 8
=+(408–57)
) 0
15, –0 0 5, –64 0 15, , [58_57] =1,6+4,3/2–(+0–0–0)=3,75;
3,75=+(408–57)–0–64; (408+57)=67,75. (408+57)=67,8 0 15, .
[58_57]min=1,6+0,05=1,65; [58_57]max=1,65+4,3=5,95.
- 229 -
4. [17=18]=–(18+58) 0 46, +(308+58) 0 15, +(408+308) 0 5, –(408+57) 15, +(17–57) 4 0, =
=–200 0 46, +64 0 15, +0 0 5, –67,8 15, +(17–57) 4 0, ,
0 111 0 46 0 3 10 0 02 2, ( , , , , ) 8;3 42 2 2, =5,12
308
w[17_18]=3
[17_18] =1,6+2,564–(+0,23+0+0–0–2)=5,934 ;
5,934=–200+64+0–67,8+(17–57); (17+57)=209,734. (17+57)=209,8 4 0, .
[17_18]min=1,6+0,066=1,666 ; [17_18]max=1,666+5,128=6,794 .
6. [308#307]=+(408+307) 0 5, –(408+ ) 0 5, =0 0 5, –0 =0
6 . [#].
7. [208=207]=–(207–408) –(408+308)
0 5, 1 0, .
15, 0 5, +(208+308) =
=–(207–408) –0
0 175,
15, 0 5, +86 0 175, ,
w[208 207]=3,0+1,0+0,35=4,35; w[208_207]=–0–0+0=0,
[208_207]= w[208_207]+w[208_207]/2=0+2,175=+2,175 ;
[208_207]= w[208_207]–w[208_207]/2=0–2,175=–2,175 ;
[208_207] =[208_207] – w[208_207]=0–0=0;
0=–(207–408)–0+86; (207+408)=86. [208=207]=0 2 175, , (207+408)=86 15, .
2(26–207) .
- 229 -
8. [3 67=36]=–(3 –307)15,
+(408+307) 0 5, –(408+308) 0 5, +(37+308) 0 37, =
=–(36–307) +01 5,
0 5, –0 0 5, +25,55 0 37, ,
[37_36] =1,6+3,87/2–(–0,75+0–0+0,185)=4,1;
4,1=–(36–307)+0–0+25,55; (36+307)=21,45.
: (36+307)=21,4015,
; 2(36+307)=42,8 3 0, .
[37_36]min=1,6+0,05=1,65, [3736]max=1,65+3,87=5,52.
9. [27=26]=–(26–207)15,
–86 15, –0 0 5, +86 0 175, +25,55 0 37, ,
)37,035,00,10,35,1(111,0 22222 =3,536;w[27_26]=3
[27_26]
3,933=–(26–207)–86–0+86+25,55; (26+207)=21,617.
=1,6+1,768–(–0,75–0–0+0+0,185)=3,933;
: (26+207)=21,615,
; 2(26+207)=43,2 3 0, .
[27_26]min=1,6+0,017=1,617; [37_36]max=1,617+3,536=5,153 .
. 6.5.16 ( . . 230).
.
6.5.2.2.2. 2
2 025, ,
,
- 230 -
- 230 -
. 6.149 025,
. 6.5.16
| = 37 36 1,650 5,520 3,585 1,935 0,050 |
2(26 207) 43,200 3,000 0,000 44,700 1,500 |36 307 21,400 1,500 0,000 22,150 0,750 || + 2(36 307) 42,800 3,000 0,000 44,300 1,500 | | + 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,600 1,500 | | + 408 57 67,800 1,500 –1,500 67,800 1,500 | |
1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 17 18 1,666 6,794 4,230 2,564 0,066 | | = 58 57 1,650 5,950 3,800 2,150 0,050 || = 28 27 0,080 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | = 38 37 0,080 0,600 3,340 0,260 0,000 | | + 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,470 0,370 | | + 37 308 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(37 308) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,470 0,370 | | = 27 26 1,617 5,153 3,385 1,768 0,017 | | = 208 207 0,000 2,175 –2,175 0,000 2,175 | | # 308 307 0,000 1,000 –1,000 0,000 1,000 | | + 26 207 21,600 1,500 0,000 22,350 0,750 | | +| +
| + 17 57 209,800 0,000 –4,000 207,800 2,000‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
(97–107) . ,
,.
2 . 6.5.17 ( . . 231).
. 6.149. 025
2 . 6.150 ( . . 231). 025 (208)
(308) (98+208) (98+308) - [97=98].
. 6.148. 020
- 231 -
- 231 -
6.5.17 2
| . | . | | | | |-----+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 |
1,500 59,800 1,500 |‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
. 6.5.17. ( )
.-
.
7.
-
:-
--
.-
, ---
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | ||--+---------+---| = 28 27| = 37 38 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | + 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | + 308 37 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(308 37) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | = 108 107 1,683 6,067 3,875 2,192 0,083 | | = 97 98 1,650 5,950 3,800 2,150 0,050 | | = 27 26 1,650 4,520 3,085 1,435 0,050 | | = 36 37 1,650 5,520 3,585 1,935 0,050 | | # 308 307 0,000 1,002 –1,000 0,000 1,000 | | + 26 207 21,900 1,500 0,000 22,650 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 43,800 3,000 0,000 45,300 1,500 | | + 307 36 21,400 1,500 0,000 22,150 0,750 | | + 2(307 36) 42,800 3,000 0,000 44,300 1,500 | | + 97 107 113,000 0,000 –3,000 111,500 1,500 | | + 97 207 59,800 1,500 –1,500 59,800 1,500 | | + 97 408 59,800 1,500 –
. 6.150. 2
2
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Visual KursAR 37 ( . .
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7.1.1. ( ) ( -
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7.1.1.1.1. 0
,.
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:
[1#5]=+(3+5)+(1+3)=+95 0 27, +34 0 62, =129 0 89, ;0,27
[1#2]=–(2+3)+(1+3)=–16 0 07, +34 0 62, =18 0 620 07,,
;
[4#5]=+(3+5)–(3+4)=+95 0 27, –56 0 15, =39 0 42, ;
0 340 27,,
; [2#5]=+(3+5)+(2+3)=+95 0 27, +16 =1110 07,
[1#4]=+(3+4)+(1+3)=+56 0 15, +34 =90 0 70 15
;0 62, 7,,
[2#4]=+(3+4)+(2+3)=+56 0 15, +16 0 07, =72 0 220 15,,
.
( ) - "#".
, -
, 0.
0
.
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.. 7.2 ( . . 236)
, :
[1#2]=–(2+3)+(1+3)=–6,6
-.
.
-.
-- -
-
,
0 18, +8 =1,40 36, 0 540 18,,
;
[4#5]=+(1+5)–(1+3)+(2+3)–(2+4)=+60 –8 +6,60 74, 0 36, 0 18, –56 =2,6 .0 46, 0 92100,,
- 236 -
- 236 -
- [1#2] [4#5]
0. -,
. -
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-. . 7.3
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.
- (
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; -; .
. 7.3 -
: [18#38] —
0 .
).
-;
[17#18] — -;
[16#37] — .
- 0, -
,:
1. [18#38]=+(28+38)+(18+28)=+51,8 0 15, +8 0 36, =59,8 0 510 15,,
,
w[18_38]=0,66 , [18_38]min=59,29 , [18_38]max=59,95 ;
2. [17#18]=–(18+28)–(28+38)+(17+38)=–8 –51,836,0 0 15, +61 =1,2 ;
w[17_18]=1,4 ;
3. [16#37]=+(38+37)+(17+38)+(16+17)=+0,5
0 74, 0 890 51,,
, [17_18]min=0,31 , [17_18]max=1,71
0 5, +61 +40 74, 0 15, =65,5 ;
w[16_37]=1,54; [16_37]min=64,61; [16_37]max=66,15 .
. 7.2.
. 7.3.
0 890 65,,
- 237 -
- 237 -
-,
. 7.3 ( . . 236) 8] -
0 :
. [17#2 =
.[17#2
. -,
8]=–(28+38)+(17+38) –51,8 0, 1 0 74, =9,24 15+6 .
- ( ),
0.
7.1.1.1.2.
, 1. -
. . 7.2 ( . . 236) -
. :
(1_2)min=(4_5)min=1; (1_2)max=(4_5)max=2 ; (1_2)= (4_5)=1 ,
- [1#2] [4#5] 1, -.
, --
.
[1#2]=1,4 0,72 .
0,72 1,0 ,. -
[4#5
0 890 15,,
w[17_28]=1,04; [17_28]min=8,31; [17_28]max=9,35 .
1
0 540 18,,
, [1_2]min=0,86; [1_2]max=1,58; w[1_2]=
:
[1_2]min–(1_2)min=0,86–1=–0,14 ; (1_2)max–[1_2]max=2–1,58=+0,42 .
w[1_2]= (1_2)=
.
.
[4#5]:
]=2,6 0 9100,,
; [4_5]min=1,68; [4_5]max=3, ; w[4_5 22 6 ]=1,9 ;
.
--
- , - 1
min: [4_5]min–(4_5)min=1,68–1,0=+0,68 ;
max: (4_5)max–[4_5]max=2,0–3,6=–1,6
,(4_5)=1,0 ,
.
.
- 238 -
- 238 -
. 7.3 ( . . 236) .
]min–(19_39)min=59,29–59,26=+0,03 ;
max: (19_39)max–[18_38]max=60–59,95=+0,05 .
w[18_38]=0,66
.
, -
--
-
--
:
18]max=1,2–1,71=–0,51 .
.
0,15 .
-
, -,
.-
,
[18#38] [17#18] ,
1. (19+39)
[18#28] :
min: [18_38
,(19_39)=0,74 . -
010
005. 0,16 ,
(17_18)min=0,16 . (17 18)max
, , ,.
, (17_18)max=1,2 .-
min: [17_18]min–(17_18)min=0,31–0,16=+0,15 ;
max: (17_18)max–[17_
—
,,
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7.1.1.2. ( )
- ( )
.
, :
- 239 -
- 239 -
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-
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;
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7.1.1.2.1. 2
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( 2). -. 235 -
.. 7.2.
( "=".
:
1. [1=2]=–(2–3) 0 18, +(1+3) 0 36, =–(2–3) 0 18, +8 0 36, ;
2. [4=5]=+(1+5) 0 74, –(1+3) 0 36, +(2–3) 0 18, –(2–4) 0 46, =
=+60 0 74, –8 0 36, +(2–3) 0 18, –(2–4) 0 46, .
[1=2] .
,
(1_2)min=(4_5)min=0,4 . — . -
:
72/2–(–0–0,18)=0,94 ;
7,06 ,
w[1_2]= (2_3)+ (1_3)=0,36+0,36=0,72 ;
[1_2]max=[1_2]min+w[1_2]=0,4+0,72=1,12 ;
[1_2] =[1_2]min+w[1_2]/2– w[1_2] =0,4+0,
0,94=–(2–3)+8; (2+3)=
w[1_2] — .
(2+3)=7,06 0 18, -
. :
- 240 -
w[4_5]= (1_5)+ (1_3)+ (2_3)+ (2_4)=0,74+0,36+0,36+0,46=1,92 ;
[4_5]max=[4_5]min+w[4_5]=0,4+1,92=2,32 ;
[4_5] =[4_5]min+w[4_5]/2– w[4_5]=0,4+1,92/2–(–0,37+0,18+0+0,23)=1,32 ;
1,32=+60–8,0+7,06–(2–4); (2+4)=57,74 .
(2+4)=57,74 .
(1_2)min=(4_5)min=0,4 (1_2)max=(4_5)max=3,0 ,
+0,68 .
---
[1=2] [4=5] 2. -
-.
. 7.3 ( . . 236) ---
. - — . 7.4.
-:
1. [18=38]=+(28–38)+(18+28)=+(28–38)
0 46,
[1=2] [4=5], , . -
: max: (1_2)max–[1_2]max=3,0–1,12=+1,88 ;
(4_5)max–[1_2]max=3,0–2,32=
w[1_2]=0,72 w[4_5]=1,92 (1_2)= (4_5)=2,6 ,
(1_2)min=(4_5)min=0,4 .
- 240 -
-
-
0 15, +8
w[18_38]=0,66; (19_39)min=[18_38]min=59,26, [18_38]max=59,26+0,66=59,92 ,
0 36, ;
max: (19_39)max–[18_38]max=60,0–59,92=0,08 .
(28+38)=51,77 0 15, .
2. [17=18]=–(18+28)–(28+38)+(17–38)=–8 –51,770 36, 0 15, +(17–38)
w[17_18]=1,4; (17_18)min=[17_18]min=0,16; [17_18]max=0,16+1,4=1,56 .
0 74, ;
. 7.4.
- 241 -
- 241 -
(28+38)=60,82 .
-
. -
, -
, -
-
0 74,
, ..-
, - [18=38] [17=18] 2. ( . . 7.4, .
240) : [17#28] - [16#37]. , -
- 0.
. min max., , -
2. 2 -, ( )
.
7.1.1.2.2. 3
() ,
.. 7.2 ( . . 236) -
(1+2) (4+5) 0,4…3,0 ., :
1. [1=2]=–(2–3) 0 18, +(1+3) 0 36, ; w[1_2]=0,72; w[1_2]/2=0,36 ;
[1_2] =[(1_2)min+(1_2)max]/2=(0,4+3,0)/2=1,7 ;
[1=2]=1,7 36,0 , [1_2]min=1,34; [1_2]max=2,06; (1+3)=8 =7,82 0 18, ,0 36,
1,7 36,0 =–(2–3) 0 18, +7,82 0 18, , (2+3)=6,12 0 18, ,
min: [1_2]min–(1_2)min=1,34–0,4=+0,94 ;
+(2–3)
max: (1_2)max–[1_2]max=3,0=2,06=+0,94 .
2. [4=5]=+(1+5) 0 74, –(1+3) 0 36, 0 18, –(2–4) =0 46,
=+60 0 74, –8 0 36, +6,12 0 18, –(2–4) 0 4, 6 ,
5] =[(4_5)min+(4_5)max]/2=(0,4+3,0)/2=1,7;w[4_5]=1,92; w[4_5]/2=0,96; [4_
[4_5]=1,7 96,0 ; [4_5]min=0,74; [4_5]max=2,66; (1+5)=60 0,74=59,63 0 37, ,
1,7 96,0 =+59,63 37,0 –7,82 0 18, +6,12 0 18, –(2–4) 23,0 ,
(2+4)=56,23 23,0 =56,46 0 46, ,
min: [4_5]min–(4_5)min=0,74–0,4=+0,34 ;
max: (1_2)max–[1_2]max=3,0=2,66=+0,34 .
- 242 -
- 242 -
[4=5] 3.
=18] -.
[17=18] —
-
:
( ) -
[1=2]. 7.4 ( . . 240) : [18=38],
[17=18], [17#28] [16#37]. [16#37] [17#28] - ( ) -
. 0.
[17
, 2. ,
, ( ),
3. . 7.4 - [18=38].
, -
1. [18=38]=+(28–38)+(18+28)=+(28–38) 0 15, +8 0 36, ,
w[18_38]=0,66; w[18_38]/2=0,33 ;
(19+39)=60 0 74, =59,63 37,0 , [18=38]=59,63 33,0 ,
[18_38]min=59,30, [18_38]max=59,96 ;
59,63 33,0 =(28–38) 0 15, +7,82 0 18, , (28+38)=51,81 0 15, ,
min: [18_38]min–(18_38)min=59,30–59,26=+0,04 ;
max: (18_38)max–[18_38]max=60,00–59,96=+0,04 .
- (28+38) -
. 7.4. :
( 2) — [17=18]=0,16…1,56;
— (17+38)=60,49 37,0 =60,86 0 74, ;
( 0) — [17#28]=8,16…9,2;
( 0) — [16#37]=64,47…66,01 .
3 -. -
,--
.2 ( . . 236) -
-
, , — ( ).
7.1.1.2.3. 4
-
.
7.. 7.4 ( . . 240).
(1+2)=(4+5)=0,4…3,0.
:
- 243 -
(1+2)max=(4+5)max=[1=2]max=[4=5]max=3,0 .
1. [1=2]=–(2–3) 0 18, +8 0 36, , w[1_2]=0,72; w[1_2]/2=0,36 ;
[1_2]min=[1_2]max–w[1_2]=3,0–0,72=2,28 ;
[1_2] =[1_2]max–w[1_2]/2– w[1_2]=3,0–0,36–(–0–0,18)=2,82 ;
2,82=–(2–3)+8, (2+3)=5,18 0 18, ,
min: [1_2]min–(1_2)min=2,28–0,4=+1,88 ;
max: (1_2)max–[1_2]max=3–3=0.
.
2. [4=5]=60 0 74, –8 0 36, +5,18 0 18, –(2–4) 0 46, ,
w[4_5]=1,92; w[4_5]/2=0,96 ;
[4_5]min=[4_5]max–w[4_5]=3,0–1,92=1,08 ;
[4_5] =[4_5]max–w[4_5]/2– w[4_5]=3,0–0,96–(–0,37+0,18+0+0,23)=1,0 ;
-
-
ax=60 (28–38). -
1,0=60–8+5,18–(2–4); (2+4)=55,18 0 46, ,
min: [4_5]min–(4_5)min=1,08–0,4=+0,68;
]max=3–3=0.max: (4_5)max–[4_5
( ) (4+5), [4=5] .
. 7.4 ( . . 240) —
[18=38]. (19_39)m
:
[18=38]=+(28–38) 0 15, +8 , w[18_38]=0,66 ;0 36,
[18_38]min=[18_38]max–w[18_38]=60–0,66=59,34 ;
[18=38] =[18_38]max–w[18_38]/2– w[18_38]=60–0,33–(0–0,18)=59,85 ;
59,85=+(28–38)+8; (28+38)=51,85 0 15, ;
(28+38) -. 7.4.
:
min:[18_38]min–(19_39)min=59,34–59,26=0,08 ;
max:(19_39)max–[18_38]max=60–60=0 .
( 2) — [17=18]=0,16…1,56;
— (17+38)=60,53 37,0 =60,9 0 74, ;
( 0) — [17#28]=8,16…9,2;
( 0) — [16#37]=64,51…66,05 .
4 .
-,
— ( ).
- 243 -
- 244 -
- 244 -
-, .
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( .7.6).
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.7.7
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-
1. [38=37]=+(27–37)–(27–38);
2. [58=57]=+(17–57)–(17–27)–(27–5
3. [47=48]=+(38+48)+(27–38)+(17–27)–
. 7.6. . 7.7. –(17–57)+(47–57).
- ,, , ,
.. 7.5 .
) (, (17–27), (27–37(17–57) — . ,
, . (17–57) ,
. .
- 245 -
- 245 -
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- ( - ) .).
), . 7.7
-. 7.8. (27~57) (27~47)
.. 7.8
, :
7](17–57) (27~57).
.
{27~57}=+(17–57)–(17–27 [47=48]
: (17–27), (17–57) (47–57( . . 244) (27~47).
:{27~47}=–(47–57)+(17–57)–(17–27).
0 510,,
–(27–38) 0 52, ;1. [38=37]=+(27–37)
2. [58=57]=+(17–57)2 0,
–(17–27)1 0, 0 5,
3. [47=48]=+(38+48)
10,–(27–58) 0 74, ;
0 3, +(27–38) 0 52, +(17–27) 0 510,,
–(17–57) 1 02 0,,
+(47–57) 0 612,,
.
:
w[38_37]=2,02; w[58_57]=5,24; w[47 48]=7,12.
-, :
2. [58=57]'=+(27~57) 1 0, –(27–58) 0 74, ;
3. [47=48]'=+(38+48) 0 3, +(27–38) 0 52, –(27~47)
2 0,
0 612,,
.
[58=5 ]' [47=48]' 7
-
(27~57) (27~47): w[58 57]'=3,74; w[47 48]'=2,62 .
- -- (27~57), (27~47)
"~"
5. --
. --
,
-:
[58_57] =[58_57]min+w[58_57]'/2– w[58 5
. 7.8.
7]';
[47_48] =[47_48]min+w[47_48]'/2– w[47 48]'.
- 246 -
- 246 -
-. -
:
; (27+37)=24,82
,.
0 52, 0 510,,
;(27+38)=22,42 0 52, ; (27+58)=82,16
(17+27)=20,5 0 510,,
; (38+48)=20 0 3, .
- (47_48)min=(58_57)min=1,9 .
- 5 :
2. [58=57]'=+(27~57)–(27+58)=+(27~57) 1 0, –82,16 0 74, ,
w[58_57]'=3,74; w[58_57]'/2=1,87 ;
[58_57]' =[58_57]'min+w[58_57]'/2–
2 0,
w[58_57]'=1,9+1,87–(0,5+0,37)=2,9 ;
2,9=(27~57)–82,16 ; (27~57)=85,06 1 0,2 0,
;
3. [47=57]'=+(38+48)+(27+38)–(27~47)=+20 0 3, +22,42 0 52, –(27~47) 0 6, ,
w[47_48]'=2,62; w[47_48]'/2=1,31 ;
[47_48]' =[47_48]'min+w[47_48]'/2– w[47_48]'=1,9+1,31–(0,15–0,26–0,3)=3,62 ;
12,
3,62=20+22,42–(27~47); (27~47)=38,8 0 6, .
5 1 . 7.5,
12,
.
-, ( ,
-
( ) - 2 . 7.5 ( . .
244).
).
{27~57}=+(17–57)–(17+27), 85,06 1 02 0,,
=+(17–57) 1 02 0,,
–20,5 0 510,,
.
(27~57)=3 ,
~57}= (17_57)+(17_27)=3+1,5=4,5 .
7~57}=87,06 ..
(17–57) 2 . :
5)=85,31 ;
w{27
-:
{27~57}min=84,06 ; {27~57}=85,56 ;
{2
. 7.5, . 244) (
[27_57] =[27_57] – w[27_57]=85,56–(0,5–0,2
85,31=(17–57)+20,5; (17+57)=105,81 1 0, .2 0,
(47–57) 2 :
- 247 -
[27=47]=–(47–57)+(17+57)–(17+27),
38,8
- 247 -
0 6,12,
=–(47–57) 0 6,12,
+105,81 1 0,2 0,
–20,5 0 510,,
,
(27_47)=1,8 ; w[2747]=6,3 ;
[27_47] =[27_47] – w[27_47]=39,1–(–0,3+0,5–0,25)=39,15 ;
39,15=–(47–57)+105,81–20,5; (47+57)=46,16 0 6,12,
.
---
, - 80% . . 7.8 ( . . 245) -
(17–57) (47–57) -, :
60…70%
.
2. [58=57]=+(17–57) 1 02 0,,
–20,5 0 510,,
–82,16 0 74, ,
/2=2,62w[58_57]=5,24; w[57_57] ;
[58_57] =[58_57]min+w[58_57]/2– w[58_57]=1,9+2,62–(0,5–0,25+0,37)=3,9;
3,9=+(17–57)–20,5–82,16; (17+57)=106,56 1 02 0,,
;
3. [47=48]=20 0 3, +22,42 0 52, +20,5 0 510,,
–106,56 1 02 0,,
+(47–57) 0 612,,
,
;
,5+0,3)=5,52 ;
=49,16 .
). " ",
.
— , ,
, , , . ..
7.1.2.
7.1.2.1. ( )
7.1.2.1.1. 6
, -, .
-, .
w[47_48]=7,12; w[47_48]/2=3,56
[47_48] =1,9+3,56–(0,15–0,26+0,25–0
0 612,,
5,52=20+22,42+20,5–106,56+(47–57); (47+57)
( ,
.
- 248 -
- 248 -
. 239.
–4) (
, "–"
-, . 2 -
.
7.1.2.2.
,.,
.
-
-.
, -.
..
-,
7 8.
, .-
6. -
- 6 (2–3) (2. . 240 241).
"–" -. -
"+" , -.
. 7.4 ( . . 240).
(28–38) (17–38) 42 "–".
( ) .
,. -
.
. ,
, ,
-,
. -.
, -. -
( ) . , -.
- 249 -
- 249 -
7.1.2.2.1. 7
7 - . -
--
, -
. 7.3 ( . . 236) 7: (28+38), (16+17), (17+38), (38+37),
-
7. ,-
- --
-8), (38+37),
-
--
. -.
-
8 : (1+3) (1+5). (2–3) (2–4) 6 -
. ( . . 7.3 7.4, . 236) -
, , (18+28), 8 -
. (18+38) 8 ( . . 6.28, . 155) (19+39).
,- ,
,
.
(38+37) — - , (16+17) — -
.
. 7.4 ( . . 240) (28+38) (17+38) .7.3 ,
,
.,
, 7. . 6.61 ( . . 176)
-: (17+16), (26+27), (37+36), (46+47), (56+57) (18+17), (27+2
(47+48), (57+58).
— ,.
-
. 6.68 ( . . 186) — (608+708), (608+808) (608+607) -
7.
7.1.2.2.2. 8
( 8). . 7.2 ( . . 236)
. 8. ( .
. 7.2)
- 250 -
- 250 -
7.2.
« » -
.
, ( ), ,.
, , .
— ,.
7.3.
--
. , (min…max).
-.
,( , ,
).
-
: ( ); - ( ); ( ).
.
1. 59,63 =59,63_+0,37_–0,37=59,63_0,37_–0,37=59,26_60.
2. 22
0 37,0 52,
=22,0_+0,52_0=22_0,52_0=22_22,52.
3. 16,5 16,5_0_–0
.
. 1,
2 , 4 — -
.
- ( 5) ( 6) - ( -
).
5 6: ( ); ( ).
0 43, = ,43=16,07_16,5.
,
2, 3, 4 ( ) 7, 8 ( ).
2 4 -: 2 — , 4 — -
.
- 251 -
- 251 -
7.4.
. 7.9…7.18 ( . . 251…253) ( ). .---------------- ( | .------- ( ) | | .---- ( ) | | | .-.--.---. 0 17 128 0 16 37
. 7.9.
.---------------- ( | .-------- ( ) | | .----- ( ) | | | .-------------- | | | | .----------- | | | | | .------- | | | | | | .-.--.--.---.-.-----. 1: 1 18 38 135 0 –0,63 2: 1 58 68 4 +–0,15 `------’--- 3: 1 58 68 3.85 4,15 `----’`---’-- Max `--------- Min. 7.10.
) | .-------- ( )
`----’`---’-- Max
)
0
)
- ---
1
.---------------- ( | | .----- ( ) | | | .--------------- | | | | .----------- | | | | | .------ .-.--.--.---.----.-----. 1: 2 18 38 1,5 0,15 –0,15 2: 2 18 38 1,5 +–0,15 `------’- 3: 2 18 38 1,35 1,65 `---’`----’-- Max `--------- Min 4: 2 17 18 0,16 `----’------- Min
. 7.11. 2
.---------------- ( ) | .-------- ( ) | | ----- ( ) | | | .--------------- | | | | .------------ | | | | | .--------- .-.--.--.---.-.-----. 1: 3 38 78 135 0 –0,63 2: 3 18 98 12,6 +–0,2 `-----’- 3: 3 18 98 124,2 125 `--------- Min 4: 3 18 98 124,6 `-----’-------------
. 7.12. 3
- 252 -
- 252 -
| .--------- ( )
| | .---------- 1: 4 32 71 135 0 –0,63
`---’`--’----- Max `----------- Min 4: 4 18 98 500 `---’--------- Max
. 7.13. 4
.----------------- ( ) | .--------- ( ) | | .------ ( ) | | | .---------------- | | | | .------------- | | | | | .------ . .-.--.--.---.----.-. 1: 5 10 50 1.3 –0,7 1 2: 5 20 80 +–1,4 2 `-----’ ‘----------
. 7.14. 5
.----------------- ( ) | .--------- ( ) | | .------ ( ) | | | .----------------- | | | | .-------------- | | | | | .-------- . .-.--.--.-.----.-. 1: 6 27 46 0 –0,5 2 2: 6 30 50 +–0,15 3 `------’ ‘---------
-------- Min . 7.16. 7
.----------------- ( ) | | .------ ( ) .---------------- | .------------- | | | | | | | | | .-.--.--.---.-.-----.
2: 4 18 98 494 +–6,0 `-----’--- 3: 4 18 98 488 500
. 7.15. 6
.---------------- ( ) | .--------- ( ) | | .------ ( ) | | | .---------------- | | | | .------------ | | | | | .--------- .---.---.----. .-.--.-- 1: 7 30 70 105 0,7 –0,3 2: 7 37 108 40 +–0,5 `-----’--- 3: 7 37 108 37,5 40,5 `----’`---’-- Max `-
- 253 -
- 253 -
.---------------- ( )----- ( )-- ( )----------------
1: 8 38 78 105 0,7 –0,3 2: 8 38 108 40 +–0,5 `-----’--- 3: 8 38 108 37,5 40,5 `---’`----’-- Max
| | .------ ( ) | | | .---------------- | | | | .------------ | | | | | .--------- .-.--.--.---.---.----. 39 79 105 0,7 –0,3 2: 9 39 109 40 +–0,5 `-----’--- 3: 9 39 109 37,5 40,5 `---’`----’-- Max `---------- Min
9
- --
,.
-, -
. ,,
., -
;
-, —
| .---- | | .---- | | | . | | | | .------------ | | | | | .--------- .-.--.--.---.---.----.
`---------- Min . 7.17. 8
.---------------- ( ) | .--------- ( )
1: 9
. 7.18. 9
7.5.- 6
6 [10].
,
:
,, -
— ,
,
, ;
-, -
- 254 -
- 254 -
, ,.
— , ( -) ( 10…20% -
) , -
. -
-
-- (max-min) .
m "N"
0,27% .
-
, -, .
, -.
i-,
.
, ,-
.
, , , , 5…10% , -
.
.
( ) « » -
6 -, "3", -
.
,,
6 .
« » :
0 — ; 1 — ; 2 — ; 3 — .
7.6.
( ) « »
ax-min ( 5), "N"
. ( 5)
-. 99,73%
. 0,27% 3,0.
.
- 255 -
- 255 -
:
0,111 — (
);
0,333 —
"N". , "N" ,
- , "N" — .
« »
3 — (0,111).
7.7.1. 1
. 7.2 ( . . 236) .
- .
3: 8 2 3 6,6 0,18 –0,18 4: 8 2 4 56 0 –0,46
:
(1_2)min=(4_5)min=1; (1_2)max=(4_5)max=2; (1_2)= (4_5)=1 .
( . . 7.2)
1: 1 1 2 1 2 2: 1 4 5 1 2 5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1 5 60 0 –0,74 7.7.2. 2
. 7.19 ( . . 256) -.
..
( . . 7.19)
5 60 0 –0,74,
.(1_2)min=(4_5)min=0,4 , (1_2)max=(4_5)max=3,0.
);
0,167 — (
( ).
:
1 — (0,333);
2 — (0,167);
7.7.
() . .
( . . 7.2)
1: 0 1 2 2: 0 4 5 5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1 5 60 0 –0,74
3: 8 2 3 6,6 0,18 –0,18 4: 8 2 4 56 0 –0,46
1: 2 1 2 0,4 2: 2 4 5 0,4 3: 6 2 3 0,18 –0,18 4: 6 2 4 0 –0,46
5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1
- 256 -
- 256 -
( . . 7.19)
1: 2 1 2 0,4 3,0 2: 2 4 5 0,4 3,0 3: 6 2 3 0,18 –0,18 4: 6 2 4 0 –0,46 5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1 5 60 0 –0,74
.
( . . 7.19)
1: 3 1 2 0,4 3,0 2: 3 4 5 0,4 3,0 3: 6 2 3 0,18 –0,18 4: 6 2 4 0 –0,46 5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1 5 60 0 –0,74
-,
.
(1_2)min=(4_5)min=0,4 ; (1_2)max=(4_5)max=3,0 .
( . . 7.19)
1: 4 1 2 0,4 3,0 2: 4 4 5 0,4 3,0 3: 6 2 3 0,18 –0,18 4: 6 2 4 0 –0,46 5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1 5 60 0 –0,74
.
( . . 7.19)
1: 4 1 2 3,0 2: 4 4 5 3,0 3: 6 2 3 0,18 –0,18 4: 6 2 4 0 –0,46 5: 8 1 3 8 0 –0,36 6: 8 1 5 60 0 –0,74 7.7.3. 3
. 7.3 , -
, 1.
( . .7.3, . 236) ,
— -.
1. ( . . 7.3)
3: 8 18 28 8 0 –0,36 4: 0 17 28 –0,15 6: 7 16 17 4 0,15 –0,15
7: 7 17 38 61 0 –0,74 8: 7 38 37 0,5 0,5 0
2. ( . . 7.3)
2: 1 17 18 0,16 1,2
. 7.19.
.
1: 0 18 38 2: 0 17 18 5: 7 28 38 51,8 0,15
9: 0 16 37
1: 1 18 38 60 0 –0,74 3: 8 18 28 8 0 –0,36 4: 0 17 28 5: 7 28 38 51,8 0,15 –0,15 6: 7 16 17 4 0,15 –0,15 7: 7 17 38 61 0 –0,74 8: 7 38 37 0,5 0,5 0 9: 0 16 37
- 257 -
- 257 -
. ( )--
) -- .
.-
, 3. - -
— 2. — 0. -
, 6 . .
( . . 7.4)
1: 3 18 38 60 0 –0,74 2: 2 17 18 0,16 3: 8 18 28 8 0 –0,36 4: 0 17 28 5: 6 28 38 0,15 –0,15 2 6: 7 16 17 4 0,15 –0,15 7: 6 17 38 0 –0,74 2 8: 7 38 37 0,5 0,5 0 9: 0 16 37 7.7.5. 5
-. 7.8 ( . . 245) 2.
).
1. ( . . 7.7, . 244)
1: 8 38 48 20 0,3 0 2: 7 27 38 22,42 0 –0,52 3: 2 38 37 1,9 4: 2 47 48 1,9 7: 7 17 27 20,5 1,0 –0,5 8: 6 27 37 1,0 –0,5 1 9: 6 47 57 1,2 –0,6 1 10: 6 17 57 2,0 –1,0 1
. . 258) .,
.. -
. 7.21…7.23 ( . . 258) .
7.7.4. 4
, -.
(
. 7.4 ( . . 240) —
. 7.7 ( . . 244) -.
. - 1.
6 1 ( -
5: 7 27 58 82,16 0 –0,52 6: 2 58 57 1,9
2. ( . . 7.8)
1: 8 38 48 20 0,3 0 2: 7 27 38 22,42 0 –0,523: 2 38 37 1,9 4: 2 47 48 1,95: 7 27 58 82,16 0 –0,52 6: 2 58 57 1,97: 7 17 27 20,5 1,0 –0,5 8: 6 27 37 1,0 –0,5 1
9: 6 47 57 1,2 –0,6 1 10: 6 17 57 2,0 –1,0 1 11: 5 27 57 2,0 –1,0 12: 5 27 47 1,2 –0,5
7.7.6. 6
. 7.20 (
- 258 -
- 258 -
. 7.21 -. -
- ..
. 7.24 ( . . 259) ( ).
7.21. 000 .. 7.20.
. 7.23. 010
. (29+49) (29+59) -
- : [28#48] [28#58]
, - 1 ( 1).
- .,
. 7.22. 005
.
.- ,
- 259 -
- 259 -
, -
0, - 1.
« »-
,--
( 2). -
-
3. -
-
1 -
.
1. ( . . 7.24)
7: 1 17 18 1,9 10 8: 8 18 28 14 +–0,215 9: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,18 10: 1 27 28 1,9 10 11: 7 27 38 18,5 0 –0,43 12: 1 38 37 1,9 10
19: 7 27 47 33,5 1,0 –0,5 20: 7 27 57 58 1,2 –0,6 2.
5: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,43 6: 2 27 28 1,9 7: 7 27 38 18,5 0 –0,43 8: 2 38 37 1,9 9: 7 27 48 36,5 0,52 0 10: 2 47 48 1,9
15: 7 27 47 33,5 1,0 –0,5 16: 7 27 57 58 1,2 –0,6 , . 7.25 ( . . 260),
.
.1
1,9 2, -
- 2 3 -
7.24. ( )
1: 9 29 39 16 0 -0,18 2: 9 29 49 34 -0,31 +0,31 3: 9 29 59 52 0 –0,74 4: 9 19 29 14 +–0,2155: 1 28 48 34 +–0,31 6: 1 28 58 52 0 –0,74
13: 7 27 48 36,5 0,52 0,74 14: 1 47 48 1,9 1015: 7 27 58 54,4 0 –0 16: 1 58 57 1,9 1017: 7 17 27 16 1,0 –0,5 18: 7 27 37 22 1,0 –0,5
1: 3 28 48 34 +–0,31 2: 3 28 58 52 0 –0,743: 2 17 18 1,9 4: 8 18 28 14 +–0,215
11: 7 27 58 54,4 0 –0,74 12: 2 58 57 1,913: 7 17 27 16 1,0 –0,5 14: 7 27 37 22 1,0 –0,5
- 260 -
- 260 -
–0,26–0,063
13: 7 607 907 0 +–0,5 14: 7 67 607 30 0,6 –0,3 15: 7 607 807 0 +–0,25 16: 7 77 707 25 0,5 –0,25
1 19: 7 97 907 16 0,5 –0,25
-
-
- 8.
-
-
.
1 ---
.-
10.
,-
2. -
( .. 7.25)
1: 2 87 88 1,9 2: 8 88 808 18 0 –0,31 3: 7 608 808 0 +–0,02 4: 7 708 808 0 +–0,02 5: 2 67 68 1,9 6: 8 68 608 27 0 –0,37 7: 2 97 98 1,9 8: 8 98 908 13 0 –0,26 9: 7 708 908 0 +–0,02 10: 2 77 78 1,9 11: 8 78 708 22 0 –0,31 12: 7 607 708 0 +–0,063 13: 7 607 907 0 +–0,5 14: 7 67 607 30 0,6 –0,3 15: 7 607 807 0 +–0,25 16: 7 77 707 25 0,5 –0,25 17: 7 707 907 0 +–0,5 18: 7 87 807 21 0,5 –0,25 19: 7 97 907 16 0,5 –0,25
1: 1 87 88 1,9 10 2: 8 88 808 18 0 –0,31 3: 7 608 808 0 +–0,02 4: 8 708 808 0 +–0,02
–0,375: 1 67 68 1,9 10 6: 8 68 608 27 07: 1 97 98 1,9 10 8: 8 98 908 13 0
9: 7 708 908 0 +–0,02 10: 1 77 78 1,9 10 11: 8 78 708 22 0 –0,31 12: 7 607 708 0 +
7: 7 707 907 0 +–0,5 18: 7 87 807 21 0,5 –0,25
-
. 7.25.
-
-
-
-
- 261 -
- 261 -
8.
-:
;;, ;;
( — ).
:
0,31 +0,31–0,215
6: 1 28 58 52 0 –0,74
[58#57]=+(27+57)–(27+58)
(29+49) ).
.,
2, 3, 4 6 , ,
. 6 ( . . 257) .
8.1.
8.1.1. ( . . 7.24, . 259)
« »: . .
: 001 : 13.12.2001 .
1: 9 29 39 16 0 -0,18 2: 9 29 49 34 -3: 9 29 59 52 0 –0,74 4: 9 19 29 14 +5: 1 28 48 34 +–0,317: 1 17 18 1,9 10 8: 8 18 28 14 +–0,2159: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,18 10: 1 27 28 1,9 10
11: 7 27 38 18,5 0 –0,43 12: 1 38 37 1,9 1013: 7 27 48 36,5 0,52 0,74 14: 1 47 48 1,9 1015: 7 27 58 54,4 0 –0 16: 1 58 57 1,9 1017: 7 17 27 16 1,0 –0,5 18: 7 27 37 22 1,0 –0,519: 7 27 47 33,5 1,0 –0,5 20: 7 27 57 58 1,2 –0,6
:
-
[28#48]=+(27+48)–(27+38)+(28+38)[28#58]=+(27+58)–(27+38)+(28+38)[17#18]=–(18+28)–(28+38)+(27+38)+(17+27)[27#28]=–(28+38)+(27+38)[38#37]=+(27+37)–(27+38)
[47#48]=+(27+48)–(27+47)
( . . N . 262) , - [28#48] [28#58]
(29+59) ( . . 7.20 7.24, . 258 259
- 262 -
- 262 -
N …
--------. | | | --------|| |+-------| –0,640| –0,330| 4,105| 7,320| 5,070| 000 4,020 3,010 1,010 0,100 5,980| 0 1,270 1,100 4,460| ------------------------’
.
-
.
].
.
,,
,
.
2 - ( 2, . 259),
, - 1,
.
.
( . . 259.---------------------------------------------------| | | || | |-------------------------------------| | | - | .| .|| | . | | . | . || | | | . | . ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 28 48 33,820 34,950 34,385 0,565 0,130 –0,640| |1# 28 58 50,980 52,330 51,655 0,675 –0,280 –0,330| 5,895 4,625 1,270 1,455 | 2,680 2,375 0,305 0,170 |
.-------------------------------------------------------------------| | | || | |---------------------------------------------|| | | - | .| .| | -|-|-------|| | . | | . | . | | | | | | . | . | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------|1# 28 48 33,820 34,950 34,385 0,565 0,130|1# 28 58 50,980 52,330 51,655 0,675 –0,280 |1# 17 18 3,355 5,895 4,625 1,270 1,455 |1# 27 28 2,070 2,680 2,375 0,305 0,170 000 4,930 3,965 0,965 1,100 |1# 38 37 3,|1# 47 48 2,|1# 58 57 3,000 5,540 4,27‘--------------------------------------------------- w[28_48]=1,13 (29_49)=0,62
[28#58
--
.
1 -,
2 -
8.1.
8.1
)------------------------. | --------| | | -| | | -|---------------|| | | |
|1# 17 18 3,355|1# 27 28 2,070|1# 38 37 3,000 4,930 3,965 0,965 1,100 | |1# 47 48 2,000 4,020 3,010 1,010 0,100 | |1# 58 57 3,000 5,540 4,270 1,270 1,100 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
- 263 -
- 263 -
-
, -
. 7.25
| | | | . | . | | | | ||1# 87 88 2,417 4,143 3,280 0,863 0,517 | |1# 97 98 2,167 4,343 3,255 1,088 0,267 |
(78)
. 7.24 ( . . 259), -
-
8.1.2.
, ,
.
( . . 7.25, . 260) ,
( . 8.2) ., - :
[87#88]=–(88+808)+(708+808)+(607+708)–(607+807)+(87+807);[67#68]=–(68+608)–(608+808)+(708+808)+(607+708)+(67+607);[97#98]=–(98+908)+(708+908)+(607+708)–(607+907)+(97+907);
[77#78]=–(78+708)+(607+708)–(607+907)+(707+907)+(77+707).
8.2
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 67 68 2,597 4,073 3,335 0,738 0,697 | |1# 77 78 1,687 4,873 3,280 1,593 –0,213 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
[87#88], [67#68] [97#98], 1,9 . -
, .
- [77#78] -, -
.
8.2.
8.2.1. 6
-.
( -
).
(28+38)=16 0 18, (12 ),
010, -
. , [28#48] [28#58], .
- 264 -
- 264 -
-
(27)
48), 14 , ---
. (27+38) (27+48) (38~48) - ,
[28#48] — . 12 . {38~48}=(27+48)–(27+38)=18 .
- 12
( =0,21) ( -
).-
— (38~58)=0,25. -
.-
. ( . . 259) -
,-
. 8.1 .. 259).
- .
[28#48]=+(38~48)+(28+38)
- {38~58}=+(27+58)–(27+38) [17#18]=–(18+28)–(28+38)+(27+38)+(17+27) [27#28]=–(28+38)+(27+38) [38#37]=+(27+37)–(27+38) [47#48]=+(27+48)–(27+47) [58#57]=+(27+57)–(27+58)
(27+38)=18,6
005 ( . . 7.22, . 258)
0 43, ,
. 7.21 ( . . 258). 005 (38) (48) -
— . -: (27+38) (27+
( ),. (38–48)
-{38~58}=(27+58)–(27+38)=36 . 12
. -
- --
.
7.24 ( .
. 8.1. -
:-
- {38~48}=+(27+48)–(27+38) [28#58]=+(38~58)+(28+38)
- 265 -
- 265 -
1: 1 28 48 34 +–0,313: 2 17 18 1,95: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,187: 5 38 48 0 0,189: 7 27 38 18,5 0 –0,43
11: 7 27 48 36,5 0,52 013: 7 27 58 54,4 0 –0,7415: 7 17 27 16 1,0 –0,517: 7 27 47 33,5 1,0 –0,5
2: 1 28 58 52 0 –0,744: 8 18 28 14 +–0,2156: 2 27 28 1,98: 5 38 58 0 –0,25
10: 2 38 37 1,912: 2 47 48 1,914: 2 58 57 1,916: 7 27 37 22 1,0 –0,518: 7 27 57 58 1,2 –0,6. 8.3.
. 8.3. 005
- -. -
. -- [17=18].
. | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------|,385 0,195 0,500 –0,270|,655 0,215 0,180 0,130||5~ 38 48 18,370 0,210 0,000 18,475 0,105 | ,125 |,270 –0,545 |70 2,680 2,375 0,305 0,170 |00 4,930 3,965 0,965 1,100 |
.
. 8.3. 000
8.3
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | ||1# 28 48 34,190 34,580 34|1# 28 58 51,440 51,870 51|5~ 38 58 35,870 0,000 –0,250 35,745 0|1# 17 18 1,355 3,895 2,625 1|1# 27 28 2,0|1# 38 37 3,0|1# 47 48 2,000 4,020 3,010 1,010 0,100 | |1# 58 57 3,000 5,540 4,270 1,270 1,100 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
, -. 8.2…8.4 ( . . 265 266).
- 266 -
- 266 -
8.2.1.1.
--
" " 8
-.
: (18+28) (28+38), :2(68+608), 2(78+708), 2(88+808) 2(98+908)
— 2(708+808). - -
- 005 010 ( . . 8.3 8.4).
7 -, -.
-,
-
-
-,
.
---
-
15: 6 27 47 1,0 –0,5 16: 6 27 57 1,2 –0,6
-,
. -
- 6.
. 8.5
.
.
-
1: 3 28 48 34 +–0,31 2: 3 28 58 52 0 –0.74, 3: 2 17 18 1,9 4: 8 18 28 14 +–0,215 5: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,18 6: 2 27 28 1,9 7: 6 27 38 0 –0,43 8: 2 38 37 1,9 9: 6 38 48 0,18 0 10: 2 47 48 1,9 11: 6 38 58 0 –0,25 12: 2 58 57 1,9 13: 6 17 27 1,0 –0,5 14: 6 27 37 1,0 –0,5
(38) (28) (18)
(78)
(708)
(88)
(808)
(68) Rz80
(608)
8 28 38 16 0 -0,188 18 28 14 +-0,125
8 68 608 27 0 -0,378 88 808 18 0 -0,31
8 708 808 0 +-0,027 608 808 0 +-0,02
. 8.4. 010
. 8.5.
- 267 -
.
- 267 -
-
[17=18]=–(18+28)–(28+38)+(27+38)+(17–27)
,. -
., .
[28=48], [28=58] [27=28]. --
.
6 -
. 8.4 , -.
.-
. (
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | || | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | -- --| | | | . ||--+-- ---+--- -- --|3= 0 ,1 |3= 5 ,1 |2= 17 18 1,900 4,440 3,170 1,270 0,000 | |2= 27 28 1,900 2,510 2,205 0,305 0,000 | |6+ 27 38 18,330 0,000 –0,430 18,115 0,215 | 0,965 0,000 | 0,090 | 055 0,000 | 125 | |2= 58 57 1,900 4,380 3,140 1,240 0,000 | |6+ 17 27 14,715 1,000 –0,500 14,965 0,750 |
[28=48]=+(38–48)+(28+38) [28=58]=+(38–58)–(28+38)
[27=28]=–(28+38)+(27–38) [38=37]=+(27–37)–(27+38) [47=48]=+(38+48)+(27+38)–(27–47) [58=57]=+(27–57)+(27+38)–(38+58)
. 8.4 .
. « » 3,
.
6 -. . 8.5, . 268).
8.4
6
| |
. | | -|-- ---- -----| . | | | | |------+---------+------+-- ---+ -----| 4, 0 80--------+--------+------ 28 48 33,82 28 58 51,41 34,180 3 00 0,1 0 30 0,130| 51,845 51,630 0,215 0 55 0,155|
|2= 38 37 1,900 3,830 2,865|6+ 38 48 18,000 0,180 0,000 18,090|2= 47 48 1,900 4,010 2,955 1,|6+ 38 58 35,845 0,000 –0,250 35,720 0,
|6+ 27 37 20,730 1,000 –0,500 20,980 0,750 | |6+ 27 47 33,000 1,000 –0,500 33,250 0,750 | |6+ 27 57 56,675 1,200 –0,600 56,976 0,900 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’- -
- 268 -
- 268 -
6 ----------.
+------+-------+-------|
+ 38 48 18,000 0,180 0,000 18,090 0,090 ||2= 47 48 1,970 4,080 3,025 1,055 0,070 |
27 14,700 1,000 –0,500 14,950 0,750 |37 20,800 0,750 ||6+ 27 47 33,000 1,000 –0,500 33,250 0,750 | |6+ 27 57 56,700 1,200 –0,600 57,000 0,900 |
1: 3 28 48 34 +–0,31 2: 3 28 58 52 0 –0,743: 2 17 18 1,9 4: 8 18 28 14 +–0,2155: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,18 6: 2 27 28 1,97: 6 27 38 0 –0,43 1 8: 2 38 37 1,9
9: 6 38 48 0,18 0 1 10: 2 47 48 1,9 11: 6 38 58 0 –0,25 1 12: 2 58 57 1,9 13: 6 17 27 1,0 –0,5 1 14: 6 27 37 1,0 –0,5 1 15: 6 27 47 1,0 –0,5 1 16: 6 27 57 1,2 –0,6 1
8.5
.-----------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------|3= 28 48 33,820 34,180 34,000 0,180 0,130 0,130| |3= 28 58 51,370 51,800 51,585 0,215 0,110 0,200| |2= 17 18 1,955 4,495 3,225 1,270 0,055 | |2= 27 28 1,970 2,580 2,275 0,305 0,070 | |6+ 27 38 18,400 0,000 –0,430 18,185 0,215 | |2= 38 37 1,900 3,830 2,865 0,965 0,000 | |6|6+ 38 58 35,800 0,000 –0,250 35,675 0,125 | |2= 58 57 1,900 4,380 3,140 1,240 0,000 | |6+ 17|6+ 27 1,000 –0,500 21,050
‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
Zmin=1,9
. 8.6. . 000 . 8.7.
- 269 -
- 269 -
-
--
.8
6, (27–47) (27–57) -
.. . .. .. .. ...... .. . .. .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. .. ......
17: 6 47 57 1,0 –0,5 1 18: 6 17 57 1,2 –0,6 1 :
. 8.6. 8.6
--------------------------------------.
-|
,000 0,900 ||6+ 47 57 23,500 1,000 –0,500 23,750 0,750 | |6+ 27 57 71,700 1,200 –0,600 72,000 0,900 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 8.2.1.2. ( )
. 8.3, 8.4 8.6 ( . . 265 266) . 8.8 ( . .270) ( ) .
:
- -
.
8.2.1.1.1.
( . . 8.2, . 265) (27), (005)
..
. 8.6 ( . . 268). -
. 8.7 ( . . 268).
.7 (17–57) (47–57)
— 5. . 8.7 .
1: 3 28 48 34 +–0,31 2: 3 28 58 52 0 –0,74. . 268 .. . .. .. .. . .....
... . .. .. ... ...... ... . .. .. ... ......15: 5 27 47 1,0 –0,5 1 16: 5 27 57 1,2 –0,6 1
[47=48]=(38+48)+(27+38)–(27~47)
- : {27~47}=–(47–57)+(17+57)–(17+27) [58=57]=(27~57)+(27+38)–(38+58)
- : {27~57}=(17–57)–(17+27)
.--------------------------------------| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+------|3= 28 48 33,820 34,180 34,000 0,180 0,130 0,130| |.. .. .. ...... ...... ....... ...... ..... ..... .....| |.. .. .. ...... . .8.5 . 267 ...... ..... ..... .....| |.. .. .. ...... ...... ....... ...... ..... ..... .....| |5+ 27 47 33,000 1,000 –0,500 33,250 0,750 | |5+ 27 57 56,700 1,200 –0,600 57
- 270 -
- 270 -
1: 2 87 88 1,93: 7 608 808 0 +–0,025: 2 67 68 1,97: 2 97 98 1,99: 7 708 908 0 +–0,02
11: 8 78 708 22 0 –0,3113. 7 607 907 0 +–0,5
15: 7 607 807 0 +–0,25 16: 6 77 707 0,5 –0,25 1 17: 7 707 907 0 +–0,5 18: 6 87 807 0,5 –0,25 1 19: 6 97 907 0,5 –0,25 1
, - :
[87=88]=–(88+808)+(708+808)+(607+708)–(607+807)+(87–807) [67=68]=–(68+608)–(608+808)+(708+808)+(607+708)+(67–607) [97=98]=–(98+908)+(708+908)+(607+708)– 9 [77=78]=–(78+708)+(607+708)–(607+907)+
6.
-
. 8.8 ( . . 271).
,
, -, ,, -
.
2: 8 88 808 18 0 –0,314: 7 708 808 0 +–0,026: 8 68 608 27 0 –0,378: 8 98 908 13 0 –0,26
10: 2 77 78 1,912: 7 607 708 0 +–0,06314: 6 67 607 0,6 –0,3 1
(607+ 07)+(97–907)(707+907)+(77–707)
. 8.7 ( . . 271)
--
--
.----
,-
-( ) -
-.
9.
. 8.8.
,,
- 271 -
- 271 -
.----------------------------------------------| | || | |--------------------------------| | | - | .| .|| | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---|2= 87 88 1,900 3,626|2= 67 68 1,900 3,377|2= 97 98 1,900 4,076|2= 77 78 1,900 5,086|6+ 67 607 29,304 0,600 –0,300|6+ 77 707 25,213 0,500 –0,250|6+ 87 807 20,483 0,500 –0,250|6+ 97 907 15,733 0,500 –0,250 ‘----------------------------------------------
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | || | |--------------------------------| | .|| | . || | | | . | . ||--+----------+-------- ---------+---------+---|2= 87 88 1,917 3,643 |2= 67 3,473|2= 97 4,143|2= 77 5,173|6+ 67 607 29,400 0,600 –0,300|6+ 2(67 607) 58,800 1,200 –0,600|6+ 77 707 25,300 0,500 –0,250|6+ 2(77 707) 50,600 1,000 –0,500|6+ 87 807 20,500 0,500 –0,250|6+ 2(87 807) 41,000 1,000 –0,500|6+ 97 907 15,800 0,500 –0,250|6+ 2(97 907) 51,600 1,000 –0,500 31,850 0,750 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
« » : -; -
2, 3 4 6; , -
, -.
, ., .
9.1.
..
,. -
, -.
.7.9…7.17 ( . . 251 253), -
.
8.7
6
-----------------------------. | | -------------| | | -| | | | |+------ ------+-------+-------| 2,763 0,863 0,000 | 2,639 0,738 0,000 | 2,988 1,088 0,000 | 3,493 1,593 0,000 | 29,454 0,450 | 25,338 0,375 | 20,608 0,375 | 15,858 0,375 | -----------------------------’
8.8
| | -------------| | | -| | | -|---------------|| | | |------+------+-------+-------| 2,780 0,863 0,017 | 2,735 0,738 0,097 | 3,055 1,088 0,067 | 3,580 1,593 0,087 | 29,550 0,450 | 59,100 0,900 | 25,425 0,375 | 50,850 0,750 | 20,625 0,375 | 41,250 0,750 | 15,925 0,375 |
| - | .|. | | . |+
68 1,997 98 1,967 78 1,987
- 272 -
- 272 -
9.2.
. -
: 2,
( . . 271)
9.2.1.
(27–57) 6. 2,
. 8.4 -
-, . -
(27–57).
9.2.2. —
[58=57] 2. :
, (27–57)
, ,-
[58=57].
9.2.3.
2, 3 4 7 8
- [28=48] 3 8. :
: (28_48) (38_48) (28_38)
. 8.5, ,.
[28=48], 8.
-
3 4 = 7 6 = 7
. 8.5 ( . . 266). . 8.4 .
. 8.5 .
:3 4 = 7
6 = 6 8=57], ! [5
,- [58=57]
.
[58=57]
2, 3 4 = 6 6 = 7
6:
(27–57)
.
9.2.3.1.
2, 3 4 = 6 6 = 7
!
- 273 -
- 273 -
-. 9.1.
">" "<" ----
.
6
. --
. 9.2 ( . . 274), -
-. :
:
,
5 6 -. ( ) , .
- (27~47)
6 = 8
(17_27) (27_47) (47_57) (17_57)
. 9.3 ( . . 274). 8.7, -
( ) 6 5 -. 9.4 ( . . 274),
(47–57) 6 5.
. 9.1.
,.
,
2, 3, 4, 7 8 .
9.2.3.2. ( ) - 6
(17–27)
(18–27). --
2, 3 4 = 7 6 = 7
! (18_28) (28_38) (27_38) (18_27)
, ! [17=18]
. 8.5 ( . . 266), .
9.2.3.3. 5 6
-. .
8.7 ( . . 268), - 5 6.
: 2, 3 4 = 7
! .
.
- 274 -
- 274 -
. 9.3.
2, 3 4 = 7
, ! [47=58]
!
, !
, ! {27~57}
, ! {17~57}
[47=48] [58=57] -, - -
- {27~47} {27~57}.
- - 6 — (17–57).
. 9.2.
:
6 = 6
, [58=57]
47}{27~
- --
.. 9.4.
[47=48]=(38+48)+(27+38)–(27~47)
- 275 -
- 275 -
{27~47}=–(47–57)+(17+57)–(17+27)
{27~57}=(17–57)–(17+27)
(17–57) - -
10.
10.1.
- :
[58=57]=(27~57)+(27+38)–(38+58)
- :
. --
.
9.2.3.4. 7 8 6 -
. -,
.
. 10.1 .
. 10.2. ,
-
0 18 58
. 10.1. ,
-- , .
-:
( . . 10.1)
1: 8 18 28 14 +–0,215 2: 8 28 38 16 0 –0,18 3: 8 28 48 34 +–0,31 4: 8 28 58 52 0 –0,74 5: 0 18 38 6: 0 38 48 7: 0 48 58 8: 0 38 58
9: 0 18 48 10:. 10.1 ( . . 276).
- 276 -
- 276 -
10.1
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||0# 18 38 29,605 30,215 29,910 0,305 | ||0,460 |47,475 48,525 48,000 0,525 |66,215 65,630 0,585 |
( . . 10.1). --
8), (28+48) (28+58)) -
. 10.2 -
(28_38)=0,18 . w[28=38] - 10 14 30 ( . 1, . 398),
(28_38)=0,18 > w[28_38]= (18_28)+ (18_38)=0,07+0,084=0,154 .
(18–48)
+(18+28)=34+14=48 .
(1 8)=0,07 .(28_ -
(18 5 . ( . 1) (18_48)=0,39 . -
1
(28_48)=0,62 > w[28_48]; w[28_48]=
:(28+58)+(18+28)=52+14=66 .
(28_5 (18–58) 0,74–0,07=0,64
.
|0# 38 48 17,690 18,490 18,090 0,4000 0,680|0# 48 58 16,950 18,310 17,63|0# 38 58 35,260 36,180 35,720|0# 18 48|0# 18 58 65,045‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’10.2.
,. 10.2,
. 10.1. — (18+28).
- ((28+3 ([28=38], [28=48] [28=58]).
..
(18–38) (18+28)+(28+38)=14+16=30 .
:(28+48)
8_28)=0,43 (18_28)=0,62 .4
–48) 0,62–0,07=0,548
3 .
(18_48)+ (18_28)=0,39+0,07=0,46 .
(18–58)
8)=0,74 ..
66 ( . 1) (18_58)=0,46. - 13 .
(28_48)=0,74 > w[28_58]= (18_58)+ (18_28)=0,46+0,07=0,53 .
- 277 -
- 277 -
. 10.2, . 275)
2: 6 18 38 0 –0,084 2 0 –0,46 2 34 +–0,31
–0,74 – 3
-.
2. . 10.2 10.3.
. . 10.3. . 10.3 ( . . 278).
10.2
6 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| |
| | | |077 0,013 0,013| 230 34,000 0,230 0,080 0,080| 0,265 0,105 0,105| + 0,042 | 0,195 | 0 0,000 –0,460 65,630 0,230 |
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | || | |---------------------------------| | | - | .| .|| | . | | . | . || | | | . | . ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+----|3= 28 38 15,831 15,985 1|3= 28 48 33,765 34,225 3|3= 28 58 51,365 51,895 5|6+ 18 38 29,950 0,000 –0,084 2|6+ 18 48 47,800 0,390 0,000 4|6+ 18 58 65,860 0,000 –0,460 6‘-----------------------------------------------
10.3.
( -
.
-, -
-
( .
1: 8 18 28 14 +–0,035 3: 6 18 48 0.39 0 2 4: 6 18 58 5: 3 28 38 16 0 –0,18 6: 3 28 48 7: 3 28 58 52 0
.
6
6 .
- [28=38] [28=48] - (18+38) (18+48) -
| | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||3= 28 38 15,833 15,987 15,910 0,|3= 28 48 33,770 34,|3= 28 58 51,365 51,895 51,630 |6 18 38 29,952 0,000 –0,084 29,910 05 0,390 0,000 48,000|6+ 18 48 47,8|6+ 18 58 65,86‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 10.3
6
| | ------------| | | -| | | -|---------------|| | | |-----+------+-------+-------|5,908 0,077 0,011 0,015| 3,995 0,230 0,075 0,085| 1,630 0,265 0,105 0,105| 9,908 0,042 | 7,995 0,195 | 5,630 0,230 | ----------------------------’
- ).
,
,.
- 278 -
. 10.4. :, – ; – ;
– ; – .
( ) [4_5]
[4=5] ( . . 10.4):
[4_5]min=1,0; [4_5]max=1,75; [4_5]=0,75 ;
:
(1–2)=(5–6)=5, (2–4)=140, (1–3)=100, (3–6)=50
, ,
, . 6 ,
- 8.
[4=5] 12 -. :
. 10.4
1: 3 4 5 1,0 1,75 2: 8 5 6 5 0 –0,12 3: 8 3 6 50 0,15 –0,15 4: 6 1 3 0.175 –0,175 5: 8 1 2 5 0 –0,12 6: 8 2 4 140 0 –0,4
,, , -
,-
. 10.5 ( . . 279). . . 279),
.
. 10.3.
-
6.
.,
.. 10.4 . 10.6 (
- 278 -
- 279 -
- 279 -
-.
[15=16] . 10.5 .
. ,
[2=3], [6=7], [16=17] [20=21].
[2_3]min=[6_7]min=[16_17]min=[20_21]min=2min.
-
---
[1_2]min=[21_22]min=1min.. 10.7 -
-
-
-
-
279
(7) (8) ( -
-
(7+8)
[15=16]=–(16+18)+(13+18)+(4–13)–(4+7)–(7+8)–(8+15).
.[1=2]
[21=22].
.-
. -
. 10.8 10.9 ( . .280).
( )
(4) (5), (18) (19).
. 10.5. ( )
.
(4), - (18).
(13).. 10.6.
. 10.5 10.7 ( . .280) -
[15=16]
— ). (7+8)=0 0 0, .
(15+16).
.-
:
- 280 -
. 10.8. , ( )
[15=16]:
. 10.7. ( )
1: 3 15 16 1,0 1,75 2: 8 16 18 5 0 –0,12 3: 8 13 18 50 0,15 –0,15 4: 6 4 13 0,175 –0,175 5: 8 4 7 5 0 –0,12 6: 8 7 8 0 +–0,0
7: 8 8 15 140 0 –0,4:
15 4: 6 4 13 0,175 –0,1751,0 1,75
-
..
[2=3], [6=7], (16=17) (20=21) -
.: (2+5)=(19+21)=20
(17–20), (19–20).
+5)=(2+4); (19+21)=(18+21); (19–20)=(18–20).
:
8+21)–(18–20); [16=17]=–(17–20)+(18+20)+(16+18).
[7=8]=–(8+15)–(15+16)+(16+18)–(13+18)–(4–13)–(4+7) ( . . 10.10 10.11, . 282);
1: 8 15 16 0 +–0,0 2: 8 16 18 5 0 –0,12 3: 8 13 18 50 0,15 –0,5: 8 4 7 5 0 –0,12 6: 3 7 8
7: 8 8 15 140 0 –0,4
-
0 26, ,
10.9. (3–4), (3–6) -
:
(2
[2=3]=–(3–4)+(2+4); [6=7]=+(4+7)+(3+4)–(3–6);
[20=21]=+(1
- 280 -
- 281 -
- 281 -
(3–4) (18–20) - 20–1=19 .
18…30
: (3–6) (17–20)
–0,52 10: 8 2 4 20 +–0,26 11: 6 3 6 0 –0,52 12: 2 6 7 2,0 13: 2 16 17 2,0 14: 6 18 20 0 –0,52 15: 2 20 21 1,0 16: 6 17 20 0 –0,52 17: 8 18 21 20 +–0,26
-, [21=22] -
, [1=2] –
[21=22] :
[21=22]=+(8–22)+(7+8)+(4+7)–(4+13)–(13+18)–(18+21).
-:
18: 6 8 22 0 –1,0 19: 2 21 22 1,0 (8_22)=1,0
(8–22)=170 .
-
.
.
(1–8) - 18…30 .
14 (1_8)=0,52 . [1=2] :
[1=2]=–(2+4)–(4+13)–(13+18)+(16+18)+(15+16)+(8+15)+(1–8).
, . 280 ,:
8: 2 1 2 1,0 9: 6 1 8 +–0,26
1 ( . . 398) 14 =0,52 .
(5+20)–(1+2)=22 .
18…30 14 =0,52 .
. 280 :
8: 2 2 3 1,0 9: 6 3 4 0
- [1=2] [21=22].
.
14 -
[1=2], (1)
.
. 10.10 -, . 10.11 ( . . 282)
- 282 -
. 10.11. ( )
-:
1.
1: 3 15 16 1,00 1,75 2: 8 16 18 5 0 –0,12 3: 8 13 18 50 0,15 –0,15 4: 6 4 13 0,175 –0,175 2 5: 8 4 7 5 0 –0,12 6: 8 7 8 0 +–0,0 7: 8 8 15 140 0 –0,4 8: 2 2 3 1,0 9: 6 3 4 0 –0,52 2 10: 8 2 4 20 +–0,26 11: 6 3 6 0 –0,52 2 12: 2 6 7 2,0 13: 2 16 17 2,0 14: 6 18 20 0 –0,52 2 15: 2 20 21 1,0 16: 6 17 20 0 –0,52 2 17: 8 18 21 20 +–0,26 18: 6 8 22 0 –1,0 2 19: 2 21 22 1,0
(1–8) -:
1: 3 15 16 1,0 1,75 1: 8 15 16 0 +–0,0 6: 8 7 8 0 +–0,0 6: 3 7 8 1,0 1,75 18: 6 8 22 0 –1,0 18: 6 1 8 +–0,26 19: 2 21 22 1,0 19: 2 1 2 1,0
2.
6 . 10.4 (
.
[15=16] [21=22] ( (7+8)).
- (4+13) (8+22).
[7=8] , [1=2] — .
(15+16). - 6: (1–8) (4–13).
. 10.10. ( )
. . 283).
- 282 -
- 283 -
- 283 -
10.4
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||3= 15 16 1,053 1,687 1,370 0,317 0,053 0,063| |6+ 4 13 101,050 0,175 –0,175 101,050 0,175 | |2= 2 3 1,000 2,040 1,520 0,520 0,000 | |6+ 3 4 18,740 0,000 –0,520 18,480 0,260 | |6+ 3 6 21,100 0,000 –0,520 20,840 0,260 | |2= 6 7 2,000 3,160 2,580 0,580 0,000 | |2= 16 17 2,000 3,160 2,580 0,580 0,000 | |6+ 18 20 18,740 0,000 –0,520 18,480 0,260 | |2= 20 21 1,000 2,040 1,520 0,520 0,000 | |6+ 17 20 21,100 0,000 –0,520 20,840 0,260 | |6+ 8 22 168,230 0,000 –1,000 167,730 0,500 | |2= 21 22 1,008 2,232 1,620 0,612 0,008 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’-
. 10.5, -
, ( ).
10.5
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||3= 7 8 1,063 1,697 1,380 0,317 0,063 0,053| |6+ 4 13 101,050 0,175 –0,175 101,050 0,175 | |2= 2 3 1,000 2,040 1,520 0,520 0,000 | |6+ 3 4 18,740 0,000 –0,520 18,480 0,260 | |6+ 3 6 21,100 0,000 –0,520 20,840 0,260 | |2= 6 7 2,000 3,160 2,580 0,580 0,000 | |2= 16 17 2,000 3,160 2,580 0,580 0,000 | |6+ 18 20 18,740 0,000 –0,520 18,480 0,260 | |2= 20 21 1,000 2,040 1,520 0,520 0,000 | |6+ 17 20 21,100 0,000 –0,520 20,840 0,260 | |6+ 1 8 27,810 0,260 –0,260 27,810 0,260 | |2= 1 2 1,009 1,971 1,490 0,481 0,009 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ ( ) .
--
.
.
| - | .| .| | -| | | . | . | | | |
6
| | | - | .| .| | -| | | . | . | | | |
,
- ( ) « ».
, ,,
.
- 284 -
- 284 -
11.
11.1.
( . . 282) 6 ,
, -.
:) ( );) ;) ;) ;) , -
. 282 ;
) ;) ;) .
-, :
2. ( )
1: 8 15 16 0 +–0,0 2: 8 16 18 5 0 –0,12 3: 8 13 18 50 0,15 –0,15 4: 6 4 13 0,175 –0,175 2 5: 8 4 7 5 0 –0,12 6: 8 7 8 1,0 1,75 7: 8 8 15 140 0 –0,4 8: 2 2 3 1,0 9: 6 3 4 0 –0,52 2 10: 8 2 4 20 +–0,26 11: 6 3 6 0 –0,52 2 12: 2 6 7 2,0 13: 2 16 17 2,0 14: 6 18 20 0 –0,52 2 15: 2 20 21 1,0 16: 6 17 20 0 –0,52 2 17: 8 18 21 20 +–0,26 18: 6 1 8 +–0,26 19: 2 1 2 1,0 11.1.1.
11.1.1.1. 1
(8–12) ( . . 10.9, . 280).
.. 10.5
( . . 279) 11.1 - (12) -
(13) .
(8–12) 96 .
14 (8 12)=0,87 .
1 ( . . 282) (8–12) [12=13].
[12=13]=+(4+13)–(4+7)–(7+8)–(8–12).
. 11.1. .
- 285 -
- 285 -
:) 1 ;) :
20: 6 8 12 0 –0.87 21: 2 12 13 0 ) ;) ;) .
. 10.4 ( . . 283) .
|--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||6+ 8 12 100,000 0,000 –0,870 99,565|2= 12 13 0,005 1,345 0,675 0,670 0,005 | |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------| 11.1.1.2. 2
(1) ( . . 10.(1+
.-
1 0.
, 0.
[1#2]=–(2+4)–(4+7)+(7+8)+(1+
1 :
22: 8 1 8 27,81 0,26 –0,26 23: 0 1 2
. 10.4 |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+ - -+---------+---------+------+-------+-------|
-
-
(21) --
. 10.10
- (12)
.
6)–(16+18)+(13+18);
, (15+16) — .
. 10.4
0,435 |
7 11.1, . 280 284). 8),
. 10.5 ( . . 283). 1#2).(
8).
-- ---+------ +-------||0# 1 2 2,290 3,450 2,870 0,580 | |--+----------+--------+--------- 11.1.1.3. 3
(22)
( .11.2, . 282).
. 11.2.
(13)( )
:
[13#12]=+(8+12)–(8+15)–(15+1 [21#22]=+(8+22)–(8+15)–(15+16)–(16+18)+(18+21).
max–min.
- 286 -
- 286 -
:
. 10.5 ( . . 283) |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||0# 21 22 1,970 4,040 2,990 1,020 |
4,04 , (12) -
2 ( . . 284)
20: 8 8 12 100 0 –0,87 21: 0 21 22 22: 0 13 12
|0# 13 12 3,980 5,670 4,825 0,845 | |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------| (22)
— 5,67 .
11.1.1.4. 4
. 11.3 11.4 , -, ,
.
. 11.3. . 1
. 11.4. . 2
, ,, -
., -
.. -
(9) --
— (10). ) -
.
(27) 3 .: — (28),
7. 11.5 11.6 ( . . 28. 11.3 11.4.
. 11.3 — .
. 11.4 — .
- 287 -
- 287 -
. 11.6. . 2.
=10] . 11.5 [9=27] . 11.6 :
+
[9=27]=+(26+2 8+15)–(8–9).
(2
(26+27) (27+28)
-
(13+18) - (24+13) — -
(13).
, (8–9) (8–10) . (8–10) ( . . 10.9, . 280) -
( . . 11.5):
1.
24: 8 30 31 5 0 –0,12 25: 8 29 30 0 +–0,0 26: 8 26 29 140 0 –0,4 27: 8 26 27 32 0 –0,62 28: 8 27 28 40 0 –0,62 29: 8 13 31 50 +–0,15 30: 6 8 10 0 –0,74 2 31: 2 28 10 0
. 11.5. . 1.
[28
[28=10]=+(8–10)+(7+8)+(4+7)–(4+13)–(13+31)+(30+31)
+(29+30)+(26+29)–(26+27)–(27+28);
7)+(25+26)+(24+25)–(24+13)–(13+18)+16+18)+(15+16)+(
. 11.7 .23+26), (26+29) (26+32) ( . . 10.9, .80) — (1+8), (8+15) (8+22). -
. (27+28)
(26) — (26+27). ,
[28=10] —.
(24+25) (30+31) (5+7) (16+19). -
.
(25+26) (29+30) — -.
(4+13)
(13+31) — .
(13+14) .
. 11.7.
- 288 -
- 288 -
( . 10.4). . 10.4 ( . . 283) |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 28 10 0,005 1,315 0,660 0,655 0,005 | |6+ 8 10 77,910 0,000 –0,740 77,540 0,370 | |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------|
(8+10) . (8–9) ( . . 10.9)
. 11.6:
2.
23: 8 26 27 32 0 –0,62 24: 8 25 26 0 +–0,0 25: 8 24 25 5 0 –0,12 26: 8 24 13 101,05 +–0,175 27: 6 8 9 0 –0,62 2 28: 2 9 27 0 10
( . 10.5). . 10.5 ( . . 283) |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||6+ 8 9 30,080 0,000 –0,620 29,770 0,310 | |2= 9 27 0,009 1,091 0,550 0,541 0,009 | |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------|
11.1.1.5. 5
: [9#27] . 11.5 [28#10] . 11.6 ( . .287).
:
[9#27]=+(26+27)–(26+29)–(29+30)–(30+31)
[28#10]=+(8+10)–(8+15)–(15+16)–( )+
1.
32: 8 8 9 30,08 0 –0,62
2.
29: 8 8 10 77,91 0 –0,62(
|--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||0# 9 27 6,879 7,‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’( .
|--+----------+--------+---------+------|0# 28 10 6,875 8,185 7,530 0,655 | |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------| 11.1.1.6. 6
:
.
+(13+31)+(4+13)–(4+7)–(7+8)–(8+9);
16+18–(26+27)–(27+28).
(13+18)+(24+13)–(24+25)–(25+26)–
:
33: 0 9 27:
30: 0 28 10. 10.4).
. 10.4 ( . . 283)
961 7,420 0,541 |
10.5).. 10.5 ( . . 283) ---+---------+------+-------+-------|
. 11.8 ( . . 289).
- 289 -
- 289 -
2.
31: 8 23 26 27,81 +–0,26 32: 0 23 22 33: 0 1 22
196,264 197,556 196,910 0,646 ||0# 1 22 194,780 196,556 195,300 0,760 | -----------------------------’
. , — , -
-
-
-,
,
,-
.
[23#22] :
+18)+(13+18)+(24+13)–(24+25)–(25+26)+(23+26);
(1+8).
12.1. 1
( . 10.5). . 10.5 ( . . 283) |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||0# 23 22
‘----------------------------------------------
, ,
.
.,
-
.
,
.
[1#22]. 11.8. [23#22] [1#22]
[23#22]=+(8+22)–(8+15)–(15+16)–(16
[1#22]=+(8+22)+
.
12.
-, ,
.
- 290 -
- 290 -
.
. .-
-
.2.
--.
.7--
--
.
-
. 12.3 ( . . 291).
-
( -) -
.-
— . --
- — -
.
12.1.. 12.1 (
291)
.
. 12
. 12.2 (. 291).
. 12.3…12( . . 290 292)
. 12.3. 005
. 12.1.
. 12.2.
- 291 -
- 291 -
12.1 ( . . 290) --------------.
–0,460 199,770 0,230| | 69 79 10,000 1,000 –1,000 10,000 1,000| | 79 89 20,000 0,000 –0,520 19,740 0,260| | 209 309 86,000 0,175 –0,175 86,000 0 175| | 309 59 64,000 0,150 –0,150 64,000 0,150| | 99 109 104,000 0,000 –0,350 103,825 0,175| | 99 309 56,000 0,150 –0,150 56,000 0,150| | 2(29 209) 52,000 0,300 0,000 52,150 0,150|
.-----------------------------------------------------------.
4,000 208,000 2,000| 1,000 20,000 1,000| |7+ 78 87 23,600 0,000 –2,000 22,600 1,000| |7+ 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,000 1,500| |7+ 408 57 68,000 1,500 –1,500 68,000 1,500| |7+ 97 107 113,000 0,000 –3,000 111,500 1,500| |7+ 97 408 59,800 1,500 –1,500 59,800 1,500| ,500 0,000 21,800 0,750| 3,000 0,000 43,600 1,500| 1,500 0,000 21,800 0,750| |7+ 408 307 0,000 0,500 –0,500 0,000 0,500| |8+ 2(48 408) 64,000 0,000 –3,000 62,500 1,500| |8+ 48 408 32,000 0,000 –1,500 31,250 0,750| ‘-----------------------------------------------------------’
12.3
| ------------------|.| | -| | -|| |-----|0,260| 0,500| 0,175| 0,185| 0,185| 0,075| 26,075 0,075| 64,000 0,150| | 020 8+ 18 58 200,000 0,000 –0,460 199,770 0,230| 0 0,155| ,175|----’
. 12.1-------------------.-----------------------| | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | - | .| .| | -|| . | | . | . | | -|| | | . | . | | ||----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| 19 59 200,000 0,000
| 29 209 26,000 0,150 0,000 26,075 0,075| | 2(39 309) 52,000 0,300 0,000 52,150 0,150| | 39 309 26,000 0,150 0,000 26,075 0,075| | 409 309 0,000 0,500 –0,500 0,000 0,500| | 2(49 409) 64,000 0,000 –3,000 62,500 1,500| | 49 409 32,000 0,000 –1,500 31,250 0,750| ‘--------------------------------------------------------’ 12.2
. 12.2 ( . . 290)
| | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | - | .| .| | -|| | . | | . | . | | -|| | | | . | . | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------||7+ 17 57 210,000 0,000 –|8+ 68 78 10,000 1,000 –
|7+ 2(26 207) 42,100 3,000 0,000 43,600 1,500| |7+ 26 207 21,000 1|7+ 2(36 307) 42,100|7+ 36 307 21,000
.-------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | || - | | |---------------------------| , -| | | - | .|| ,| | . | | . | . || | | | | . | . ||-------+--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+- 19,740| 005 8+ 78 88 20,000 0,000 –0,520| 010 8+ 408 308 0,000 0,500 –0,500 0,000| 010 8+ 208 308 86,000 0,175 –0,175 86,000 25,735| 010,1 7+ 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000| 010,1 7+ 37 308 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 26,075| 010,2 8+ 28 208 26,000 0,150 0,000| 010,2 8+ 38 308 26,000 0,150 0,000| 015 8+ 308 58 64,000 0,150 –0,150| 025 8+ 98 308 56,000 0,150 –0,150 56,00| 025 8+ 98 108 104,000 0,000 –0,350 103,825 0‘---------------------------------------------------------------
- 292 -
. 12.5. 015 . 12.4. 010
. 12.7. 025
1
--
40.
. 12.6. 020
2.1.1. 1
1 . 12.8 ( . . 293). 010 .
, (
), Rz=40 , Df=
:
[28_27]min=[38_37]min=0,04+0,04=0,08.
- 292 -
- 293 -
- 293 -
( .
[27_26]min=[37_36]min=
=[17_18]min=[58_57] min =
=0,6+1,0=1,6 .
-
3;
-1.
-
,15 0 6: 8 38 308 26 0,15 0
20: 7 408 307 0 0,5 –0,5
(38+308)(408+307)–(408+308)+(37+308)
. 12.2, . 290)
:
-:
0,11
. 12.8. 1 :
( . 1, . 12.8)
1: 2 17 18 1,6 2: 8 18 58 200 0 –0,463: 8 308 58 64 0,15 –0,15 4: 2 58 57 1,65: 8 28 208 26 0
7: 2 28 27 0,08 8: 2 38 37 0,08 9: 7 27 208 25,55 0,37 0 10: 7 37 308 25,55 0,37 0 11: 2 27 26 1,6 12: 2 37 36 1,6 13: 3 208 207 0 14: 3 308 307 0 15: 8 208 308 86 0,175 –0,175 16: 8 408 308 0 0,5 –0,5 17: 7 26 207 21 1,5 0 18: 7 36 307 21 1,5 0
19: 8 48 408 32 0 –1,5 21: 7 207 408 86 1,5 –1,5 22: 7 408 57 68 1,5 –1,5 23: 7 17 57 210 0 –4,0
-
[58#57]=+(408+57)–(408+308)–(308+58) [28#27]=–(27+208)+(28+208)
[38#37]=–(37+308)+ [37#36]=–(36+307)+ [208#207]=–(207+408)–(408+308)+(208+308) [308#307]=+(408+307)–(408+308)
- 294 -
- 294 -
[27#26]=–(26+207)–(207+408)–(408+308)+(208+308
. 2 3.
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 17 18 1,666 6,794|1# 58 57 1,850 6,150|1# 28 27 0,080 0,600 0, 0|1# 38 37 0,080 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | |1# 27 26 2,217 5,753|1# 37 36 2,050 5,920 1,9|1# 208 207 0,000 2,175 –2,175 7|1# 308 307 0,000 1,000 –1,000‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.1.2. 2
2 . 12.9 ( . . 296). ,
. 12.1 ( . . 290). (99+309) -
(99+209) (99) 2(29+209).
, -.
. 12.9 - (99) 2(29+209) 2(309+309).
025 ( . . 12.7, . 292). <>6 (98+308)
(98+108). (99+209) .
. 12.2 ( . . 290) (97+408).
- ( ) . 12.5 ( . . 295).
1: 3 98 208 56 +–0,15 2: 8 98 108 104 0 –0,35 3: 2 108 107 1,6 4: 8 98 308 56 +–0,15 5: 2 97 98 1,6 6: 8 28 208 26 0,15 0 7: 8 308 38 26 0,15 0 8: 2 28 27 0,08 9: 2 37 38 0,08 10: 7 27 208 25,55 0,37 0 11: 7 308 37 25,55 0,37 0 12: 7 97 208 60 0 +–0,37 13: 8 408 308 0 +–0,5 14: 2 27 26 1,6 15: 2 36 37 1,6 16: 3 208 207 0 17: 3 308 307 0 18: 7 26 207 21 1,5 0
[17#18]=–(18+58)+(308+58)+(408+308)–(408+57)+(17+57))+(27+208)
-. 12.4. ( )
12.4 1
4,230 2,564 0,066 | 4,000 2,150 0,250 | 0,340 260 0,00 | 1,73,985 68 0,617 | 3,985 35 0,450 | 0,000 2,1 5 | 0,000 1,000 |
(97+207),.
:
( . 2, . 12.9)
- 295 -
- 295 -
21: 7 97 207 60 +–1,5 22: 7 97 408 60 +–1,5 23: 7 97 107 111 0 –3 24: 8 408 48 32 0 –1,5
[98#208]=+(97+208)–(97+408)–(408 [97#98]=–(98+308)+(408+308)+(97+ [28#27]=–(27+208)+(28+208) [37#38]=+(308+38)–(308+37) [27#26]=–(26+207)+(97+207)–(97+2 [36#37]=+(308+37)+(408+308)–(408+307)–(307+36) [208#207]=+(97+207)–(97+208) [308#307] = +(408+307) – (408+308
[108#107]=+(97+107)–(97+408)–(40
.---- ------| | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | |+-------| –2,370| | |1# 28 27 0,080 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | |1# 37 38 0,080 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | |1# 27 26 1,180 6,790 3,985 2,805 –0,420 | |1# 36 37 2,050 5,920 3,985 1,935 0,450 | |1# 208 207 0,000 1,870 –1,870 0,000 1,870 | |1# 308 307 0,000 1,000 –1,000 0,000 1,000 | |1# 108 107 –0,517 3,867 1,675 2,192 –2,117 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.1.3.
-
(68+78), (77
-
12.1.4.
. --
-. 12.5, .
-
19: 7 307 36 21 1,5 0 20: 7 408 307 0 +–0,5
-+308)+(98+308)408)
08)+(27+208)
)
8+308)+(98+308)–(98+108) 12.5
2 -------------------------------------------. | | ---------------------- |
|--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------|1# 98 208 53,480 58,520 56,000 2,520 –2,370 |1# 97 98 1,850 6,150 4,000 2,150 0,250
3
3 , (78+88) 005 . 12.3, [77#78]
+78) . 12.2 ( . . 290).
3 .
1 2 1 ( . . 12.8, . 293) . 12.4 ( . . 294)
[17#18] [58#57]
. [27#26] [37#36] 1
[27#26] [36#37] 2 ( . . 12.9 296). , —
2(27+208) .
[27#26]. [108#107].
, [98#208]
(99+209).
- 296 -
. 12.10. 025
-
.
-
---
--
08)
( ).
- (98+308).
2(28+208)( ).
--
(98+208), -
.
(99_209)=0,3 . w[98_208]=4,74 .
[98#208] .
. 12.9. 2
. 12.11. 1 2
— (99+209)
( . . 12.10), ,
025.
.
2(38+3
- 296 -
- 297 -
- 297 -
2 ,, .
[108#107] 2
5 ( ).
025, 2.
12.1.5. 1. 2
1 2 . 12.11 ( . . 296). ( <>5 <>6 ( . . 12.10,
. 296)), (98+208) (98+308), -
. (99) (991) (992),
(991+309) (992+209). 025 (981+308)
(982+208) [971=981] [972=982], -.
:
( . 2, 1 . 12.9, . 296)
1: 8 981 108 104 0 –0,35 2: 2 108 107 1,6 3: 2 972 982 1,6 4: 8 982 208 56 +–0,15 5: 2 971 981 1,6 6: 8 981 308 56 +–0,15 7: 8 28 208 26 0,15 0 8: 8 308 38 26 0,15 0 9: 2 28 27 0,08 10: 2 37 38 0,08 11: 6 27 208 0,37 0 2 12: 6 308 37 0,37 0 2 13: 6 972 208 +–0,37 2 14: 8 408 308 0 +–0,5 15: 2 27 26 1,6 16: 2 36 37 1,6 17: 3 208 207 0 18: 3 308 307 0 19: 6 26 207 1,5 0 1 20: 6 307 36 1,5 0 1 21: 6 972 207 +–1,5 1 22: 8 408 48 32 0 –1,5 23: 6 971 408 +–1,5 1 24: 7 408 307 0 +–0,5 25: 6 971 107 0 –3 1
-
[972=982]=–(982+208)+(972–208) [971=981]=–(981+308)+(408+308)+(971–408) [28=27]=–(27–208)+(28+208) [37=38]=+(308+38)–(308–37) [27=26]=–(26–207)+(972+207)–(972+208)+(27+208) [36=37]=+(308+37)+(408+308)–(408+307)–(307–36) [208=207]=+(972–207)–(972+208) [308#307]=+(408+307)–(408+308)
[108=107]=+(971–107)–(971+408)–(408+308)+(981+308)–(981+108)
. 12.6 ( . . 298) 2, , - [27=26].
. .
,
--
- 298 -
- 298 -
.------- -------------| | || | |----------------------------------| | | - | . | .|| | .| | . | . || | | | . | . ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------|2= 108 107 1,683 6,067 3,87|2= 972 982 1,600 2,650 2,13|2= 971 981 1,650 5,950 3,80|2= 28 27 0,080 0,600 0,34|2= 37 38 0,080 0,600 0,34|6+ 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,73|6+ 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | |6+ 308 37 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,73|6+ 2(308 37) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,47|6+ 972 208 58,120 0,373 –0,370 58,12|2= 27 26 1,650 7,270 4,46|2= 36 37 1,650 5,520 3,58|3= 208 207 0,000 1,840 –1,900 –0,03|3= 308 307 0,000 1,002 –1,000 0,00|6+ 26 207 20,500 1,500 0,000 21,25|6+ 2(26 207) 41,000 3,000 0,000 42,500 1,500 | |6+ 307 36 21,400 1,500 0,000 22,15|6+ 2(307 36) 42,800 3,000 0,000 44,30|6+ 972 207 58,100 1,500 –1,500 58,10|6+ 971 107 113,800 0,000 –3,000 111,50‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
12.1.6. 2. 2
010 . 12.4 ( . . 292) -, . 12.12, -
2(27–208) .
12.6 2. 1 ----------------------.| | -------| || -| || -|--------------|| | | |-+-----+------+-------|5 2,192 0,083 |0 0,520 0,000 |0 2,150 0,050 |5 0,260 0,000 |5 0,260 0,000 |5 0,185 |
---------------------------
5 0,185 |5 0,370 |0 0,370 |5 2,805 0,050 |5 1,935 0,050 |0 1,870 |0 1,000 |0 0,750 |0 0,750 |0 1,500 |0 1,500 |0 1,500 |
. 12.12 . 12.13. 2. 2 . 010
- 299 -
- 299 -
2 2 - (408~107)
: (971–408), (408~108) (971–107). 6 (972–207),
7 (208+207) — -
2, 1, -
8).
1,650 4,520 3,085 1,435 0,050 |
------------------------------------------------’
;
-
-
. 12.13 ( . . 298) .
5,
[208=207].
2 .
-
[972=982]=–(982+208)–(208+207)+(972–207) [27=26]=–(26–207)+(208+207)+(27+208) [108=107]=+(408~107)–(408+308)+(981+308)–(981+108) {408~107}=+(971–107)–(971+408)
. 12.7 , . 12.6 ( . 29
- (971+107) .
- ( )
2 2 1, -.
12.7 2. 2 .---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------||2= 108 107 1,650 6,300 3,975 2,325 0,050 | |2= 972 982 1,650 5,950 3,800 2,150 0,050 | |2= 27 26|6+ 26 207 21,900 1,500 0,000 22,650 0,750 | |6+ 2(26 207) 43,800 3,000 0,000 45,300 1,500 | |6+ 972 207 59,800 1,500 –1,500 59,800 1,500 | |6+ 971 107 112,600 0,000 –3,000 111,100 1,500 | |5~ 408 107 51,800 1,500 –1,500 51,100 1,500 | ‘---------------------
12.1.7. . 1
1 :
000 ( . . 12.2, . 290);
010 ( . . 12.12, . 298);
015 ( . . 12.5, . 292) 020 ( . . 12.6, . 292).
1 . 12.8 ( . . 293) . 12.14 ( . . 300).
. 12.14 .
. 12.8 ( . . 301).
- 300 -
:
( . 1, . 12.14)
- 300 -
58 200 0 –0,46
0 236 1,6
7 0
7]=–(37–308)+(38+308)
8)+(208+308)
7)–
[17=18]=–(18+58)+(308+58)+ 8)+(17~408)
{17~408}=–(408+57)+(17–57)
--
:
[27=26]=–(26–207)–(207+408)– –(408+308)+(208+308)+ +(27+208).
--
( )
1: 2 17 18 1,6 2: 8 18 3: 8 308 58 64 0,15 –0,15 4: 2 58 57 1,6
,15 05: 8 28 208 26 0,15 0 6: 8 38 308 26 07: 2 28 27 0,08 8: 2 38 37 0,08
307 0,379: 6 27 208 0,37 0 2 10: 6 3711: 2 27 26 1,6 12: 2 3713: 3 208 207 0 14: 3 308 3015: 8 208 308 86 0,175 –0,175 16: 8 408 308 0 0,5 –0,517: 6 26 207 1,5 0 1 18: 6 36 307 1,5 0 119: 8 48 408 32 0 –1,5 20: 7 408 307 0 0,5 –0,521: 6 207 408 1,5 –1,5 1 22: 6 408 57 1,5 –1,5 123: 6 17 57 0 –4,0 1 24: 5 17 408 1,5 –1,5
- :
[58=57]=+(408–57)–(408+308)– –(308+58)
[28=27]=–(27–208)+(28+208)
[38=3
[37=36]=–(36–307)+(408+307)– –(408+308)+(37+308)
[208=207]=–(207–408)– –(408+30
[308#307]=+(408+30 –(408+308)
+(408+30
.12.8 ( . . 301).
:
(26+207)=21,415,
; 2(26+207)=42,8 3 0, .
. 12.14. 1
- 301 -
- 301 -
12.8 1
--------------| | . | .| | -| | | . | | -|--------------|| . | | | | |----+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|,650 6,410 4,030 2,380 0,050 |1,650 5,950 3,800 2,150 0,050 |340 0,260 0,000 |340 0,260 0,000 ||6+ 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | |||6+ 2(37 308) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,470 0,370 | 85 1,768 0,017 |,935 0,050 |,175 |
87 88 1,6 2: 8 88 78 20 0 –0,52 3: 6 87 78 0 –2 1 4: 8 78 68 10 1 –1
9
12.9
-----. | | | ------|| |-------|||-------’
-, -
.-
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------| | | - || | .| | ..| | | ||--+---------+--------+----1|2= 17 18|2= 58 57|2= 28 27 0,080 0,600 0,|2= 38 37 0,080 0,600 3,|6+ 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,470 0,370|6+ 37 308 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185|2= 27 26 1,617 5,153 3,3|2= 37 36 1,650 5,520 3,585 1|2= 208 207 0,000 2,175 –2,175 0,000 2|1# 308 307 0,000 1,000 –1,000 0,000 1,000 | |6+ 26 207 21,600 1,500 0,000 22,350 0,750 | |6+ 2(26 207) 43,200 3,000 0,000 44,700 1,500 | |6+ 36 307 21,400 1,500 0,000 22,150 0,750 | |6+ 2(36 307) 42,800 3,000 0,000 44,300 1,500 | |6+ 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,600 1,500 | |6+ 408 57 67,800 1,500 –1,500 67,800 1,500 | |6+ 17 57 207,800 0,000 –4,000 207,800 2,000 | |5~ 17 408 139,800 1,500 –1,500 139,800 1,500 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
12.1.8. . 3
. 12.15 3.
:
1: 2
:
[87=87]=–(88+78)+(87–78).
. 12.. 12.15.
3 .----------------------------------------------------------------| | | |---|| | |--------------------------------------| | | - | . | .| | -| ----| | .| | . | . | | -|----| | | | . | . | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+|2= 87 88 1,600 4,120 2,860 1,260 0,000|6+ 87 78 23,600 0,000 –2,000 22,600 1,000‘-------------------------------------------------------------- 12.1.9.
- 302 -
- 302 -
. -:
-
.
-.
-
-
2
;
,
12.2. 2
. 12.16. . 12.10 ( . . 304) .
. 12.17…12.20 ( . . 303) .
. 12.11( . . 304).
— ( . -
32, . 422). -
( .. 12.16) -
- ( .. 12.17 12.18):
005 -. — -
; 010 -
. — -. 12.16. .
. 12.17. 005 . 12.18. 010
- 303 -
. 12.20. 020
015 ( . . 12.19) -
( . 7, . 401)
. 12.19. 015 ( )
.
020 ( . .12.20)
. 025 ( . .
12.21) -.
35( . 12.22 12.23) -
- 030 -
.
.
- 303 -
030 0
.
. 12.22. 030 . 12.23. 035
. 12.21. 025
- 304 -
- 304 -
. | . | | -|. | . | | ||----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| 19 29 0 30| 79 89 0,30| 129 139 0,300 | | 19 39 4,000 0,500 –0,500 4,000 0,500| | 69 89 4,000 0,500 –0,500 4,000 0 500| | 19 49 8,000 0,000 –0,036 7,720 0,180| | 49 59 3,500 0,600 0,000 3,800 0,300| | 19 89 60,000 0,000 –0,190 59,905 0,095| | 2(99 909) 56,000 0,000 –0,300 55,850 0,150| | 99 909 28,000 0,000 –0,150 27,925 0,075| |2(109 1009) 40,000 0,000 –0,100 39,950 0,050| | 109 1009 20,000 0,000 –0,050 19,975 0,025| |2(119 1109) 38,000 0,000 –0,520 37,740 0,260| | 119 1109 19,000 0,000 –0,260 18,870 0,130| |2(139 1309) 30,000 0,100 0,000 30,050 0,050| | 139 1309 15,000 0,050 0,000 15,025 0,025| | 1009 1309 0,000 0,025 –0,025 0,000 0,025| ‘--------------------------------------------------------’
12.11
.--------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | - | | |---------------------------------------------| | | -|| | -|| | | | | . | . | | ||-------+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| |7+ 2(97 907) 58,000 0,400 –1,000 57,700 0,700| | 000 |7+ 97 907 29,000 0,200 –0,500 28,850 0,350| |-------+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| |7+ 15 16 4,000 0,200 –0,200 4,000 0,200|
0 ,230 0,370| | |8+ 2(98 908) 56,000 0,000 –0,300 55,850 0,150| ,925 0,075| | 25|| |7+ 107 1007 20,250 0,000 –0,125 20,187 0,062| | |8+ 2(118 1108) 38,000 0,000 –0,520 37,740 0,260| | |8+ 118 1108 19,000 0,000 –0,260 18,870 0,130| | |7+ 2(137 1307) 29,500 0,210 0,000 29,605 0,105| | |7+ 137 1307 14,750 0,105 0,000 14,802 0,052| | |7+ 907 1007 0,000 0,050 –0,050 0,000 0,050| | |7+ 908 1007 0,000 0,005 –0,005 0,000 0,005| | |7+ 1007 1107 0,000 0,005 –0,005 0,000 0,005| | |7+ 1007 1307 0,000 0,005 –0,005 0,000 0,005| |-------+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| |7+ 17 47 8,600 0,000 –0,150 8,525 0,075| | 010 |7+ 17 37 4,200 0,125 –0,125 4,200 0,125| | |1# 16 17 0,160 | |-------+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| |7+ 17 28 0,800 1,200 1,000 0,200| | 015 |7+ 78 87 0,800 1,200 1,000 0,200| | |7+ 128 137 0,800 1,200 1,000 0,200| |-------+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| |8+ 2(138 1308) 30,000 0,100 0,000 30,050 0,050| | |8+ 138 1308 15,000 0,050 0,000 15,025 0,025| | 020 |1# 138 137 0,080 | |-------+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|
12.10
. 12.16 ( . . 302)
.--------------------------------------------------------.| | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | - | .| .| | -|| . | || | |, 0 | 0 |
| , -| | | - | .| .| ,| | . | | . | .
| |7+ 47 58 3,300 0,300 0,000 3,450 0,150| | |7+ 67 87 4,500 0,125 –0,125 4,500 0,125| | |7+ 16 47 9,400 0,000 –0,360 9,120 0,180| | |7+ 87 86 0,500 ,500 0,000 0,750 0,250| | |7+ 16 86 61,600 0,000 –0,740 61 27| |8+ 98 908 28,000 0,000 –0,150| 005 |1# 97 98 0,200| |7+ 2(107 1007) 40,500 0,000 –0,250 40,375 0,1
- 305 -
- 305 -
.-------------------------------------| | | || - | | |--------------| , -| | | - || ,| | . | | .| | | | | .|-------+--+-----------+--------+-----| |7+ 1007 1308 0,000 0| |8+ 2(108 1008) 40,000 0| |8+ 108 1008 20,000 0| |1# 107 108 0| 025 |8+ 1008 1308 0,000 0| |7+ 17 48 8,300 0| |1# 48 47 0|-------+--+-----------+--------+-----| |8+ 18 48 8,000 0| 030 |7+ 17 18 0|-------+--+-----------+--------+-----| |7+ 18 88 60,000 0| 035 |1# 88 87 0‘--------------------------------------------------------------------’
5.0 ( .
,
.
-
- (137+1307),
.-
-.
020 1 -
[38#37] - 90 .
. 12.11 -------------------------------. | -------------------------------|.| .| | -|| . | | -|| . | | |----+---------+---------+------|,020 0,020 0,000 0,020|,000 –0,100 39,950 0,050|,000 –0,050 19,975 0,025|,080 |,010 –0,010 0,000 0,010|,000 –0,100 8,250 0,050|,080 |----+---------+---------+------|,000 –0,360 7,720 0,180|,080 |----+---------+---------+------|,000 –0,190 59,905 0,095|,080 |
12.2.1. 1
. 12.24
,
020 0202
. 12.20 12.24, . 303)-
2(138+1308)
45 010
38+1308)(1
005
45
. 12.24. 1
,
- 306 -
- 306 -
--
, --
(38+158)=(138+1308) - (38)
(158). -
( )(37+158)=(137+1307).
-
(
18 28 0,3 2: 2 78 88 0,3
22: 7 17 47 8,6 0 –0,1524: 7 47 58 3,3 0,3 0
25: 7 16 47 9,4 0 –0,36 26: 7 67 87 4,5 +–0,125 27: 7 16 87 61,6 0 –0,74 28: 7 87 86 0,5 0,5 0 29: 0 15 86
[67#68],
2(108+1008) - 025.
,1,
:
(68+148)=(108+1008);(67+148)=(107+1007).
1
.. 12.25. 2 , -
, -,
.. 12.11
. . 304 305) ,, .
1 :
( . . 12.24, . 305)
1: 2 3: 3 18 38 4 +–0,5 4: 3 68 88 4 +–0,5 5: 3 48 58 3,5 0,6 0 6: 8 18 88 60 0 –0,19 7: 2 88 87 0,08 8: 2 17 18 0,08 9: 8 18 48 8 0 –0,36 10: 7 17 48 8,3 0 –0,1 11: 2 48 47 0,08 12: 8 68 148 20 0 –0,05 13: 7 67 148 20,25 0 –0,125 14: 0 67 68 15: 0 38 37 16: 8 38 158 15 0,05 0 17: 7 37 158 14,75 0,105 0 18: 7 17 28 0,8 1,2 19: 7 78 87 0,8 1,2 20: 7 17 37 4,2 +–0,125
21: 2 16 17 0,1623: 7 15 16 4 +–0,2
- 307 -
- 307 -
- [18#28]=+(17+28)–(17+48)+(18+48) [48#58]=+(47+58)+(17+47)–(17+48) [17#18]=–(18+48)+(17+48) [48#47]=+(17+47)–(17+48) [67#68]=–(68+148)+(67+148) [38#37]=–(37+158)+(38+158) [16#17]=–(17+47)+(16+47) [15#86]=+(87+86)+(16+87)+(15+16)
[18#38]=–(38+158)+(37+158)+(17+37)–(17+48)+(18+48)
+47)+(16+47)–(16+87)+(67+87)–
.| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 18 28 0,140 1,000 0,570 0,430 –0,160 | |1# 78 88 0,292 1,309 0,800 0,509 –0,008 | |1# 18 38 4,000 –0,220 –0,684 3,548 0,232 –0,184 0,721| |1# 68 88 4,000 0,576 –0,401 4,088 0,489 0,099 –0,076| |1# 48 58 3,500 0,500 –0,050 3,725 0,275 –0,050 0,100| |1# 17 18 0,200 0,660 0,430 0,230 0,120 | |1# 88 87 –0,268 0|0# 67 68 0,125 0|0# 38 37 0,145 0|1# 16 17 0,440 0,950 0,695 0,255 0,280 | |0# 15 86 65,160 66,800 65,980 0,820 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.2.2. 2
(. 12.25 ( . . 306).
,.
-
[128#138] ,- , (128_137)
-. 2 :
1: 2 128 138 0,3 2: 2 107 108 0,08 3: 8 108 1008 20 0 –0,05 4: 8 1008 1308 0 +–0,01 5: 8 138 1308 15 0,05 0 6: 7 1007 1308 0 +–0,02 7: 2 138 137 0,08 8: 7 128 137 0,8 1,2 9: 7 908 1007 0 +–0,005 10: 2 97 98 0,2 11: 8 98 908 28 0 –0,15 12: 7 107 1007 20,25 0 –0,125 13: 8 118 1108 19 0 –0,26 14: 7 137 1307 14,75 0,105 0
[88#87]=+(16+87)–(16+47)+(17+47)–(17+48)+(18+48)– (18+88) [78#88]=+(18+88)–(18+48)+(17+48)–(17+47)+(16+47)–(16+87)+(78+87) [68#88]=+(18+88)–(18+48)+(17+48)–(17 –(67+148)+(68+148)
1 .12.12
12.12 1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .|
,668 0,200 0,468 –0,347 | ,300 0,213 0,870 | ,300 0,223 0,077 |
) -
(129+139), [128#138].
.
- 308 -
- 308 -
15: 7 1007 1108 0 +–0,005 16: 7
- [128#138]=–(138+1308)+(1007+1308)–(1007+1307)+( [107#108]=–(108+1008)–(1008+1308)+(1007+1308)+( [138#137]=–(137+1307)+(1007+1307)–(1007+1308)+( [97#98]=–(98+908)–(908+1007)+(907+1007)+(97+907
. 1
.------------------------------------------------| | || | |----------------------------------| | | - | .| .|| | . | | . | . || | | | . | . | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 128 138 0,475 1,080 0,778 0,320 0,175 | |1# 107 108 0,095 0,330 0,213 0,117 0,015 | |1# 138 137 0,120 0,325 0,223 0,102 0,040 | |1# 97 98 0,445 1,405 0,925 0,480 0,245 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 13.2.3. 1 2
2 ( . . 12.13) -, -
.
.[88 87] = 0,936 (
:
[88_87]max=[88_87]min+ [88_87]=0,08+0,936=1,016
, ( 035)
1,016 . , -, . -
-. -
.
[78=88],, .
.
12.2.4. 1
--
. - 1 2 ,
. 12.24 12.25 ( . . 305 306). - 1 - , -
2.
1007 1307 0 +–0,00597 907 29 0,2 –0,5
137+1307)+(128+137)107+1007)138+1308))
2.13.
17: 7 907 1007 0 +–0,05 18: 7
12.13 2 ---------------------------.| | -----------| | | -| | | -|---------------|| | |
1 . 12.12 ( . . 307) .
0,468). , -
.
[18=38] -
.
- 309 -
- 309 -
12.2.4.1. 2
-
(1007+1308)+(107–1007)
. 12.14.
12.14
---. |
. | | | | |+-------+-------| 0,015 | ,005 | ,005 | 00 | | | |6+ 137 1307 14,790 0,105 0,000 14,842 0,058 | |6+ 97 907 28,800 0,200 –0,500 28,650 0,350 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
15: 0 38 37 16: 8 38 158 15 0,05 0 17: 7 37 158 14,79 0,105 0 18: 6 17 28 0,4 0 1
[18=28]=+(17–28)–(17+48)+(18+48) (17+47)–(17+48)
( . 307 308):
8: 6 128 137 0,4 0 1 12: 6 107 1007 0 –0,125 2 14: 6 137 1307 0,105 0 2 18: 6 97 907 0,2 –0,5 1
- [128=138]=–(138+1308)+(1007+1308)–(1007+1307)+(137+1307)+(128–137)
108+1008)–(1008+1308)+ [107=108]=–( [138=137]=–(137–1307)+(1007+1307)–(1007+1308)+(138+1308) [97=98]=–(98+908)–(908+1007)+(907+1007)+(97–907)
2. 1 .------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | || | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | . |||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|2= 128 138 0,315 0,920 0,617 0,303|2= 107 108 0,085 0,320 0,202 0,117 003 0|2= 138 137 0,080 0,285 0,183 0,1|6+ 128 137 0,600 0,400 0,000 0,800 0,2|2= 97 98 0,245 1,205 0,725 0,480 0,045|6+ 107 1007 20,240 0,000 –0,125 20,177 0,062
2 -.
12.2.4.2. 1
1 . 12.24 :
1: 2 18 28 0,3 2: 2 78 88 0,3 3: 3 18 38 4 +–0,5 4: 3 68 88 4 +–0,5 5: 3 48 58 3,5 0,6 0 6: 8 18 88 60 0 –0,19 7: 2 88 87 0,08 8: 2 17 18 0,08 9: 8 18 48 8 0 –0,36 10: 6 17 48 0 –0,1 2 11: 2 48 47 0,08 12: 8 68 148 20 0 –0,05 13: 7 67 148 20,24 0 –0,125 14: 0 67 68
19: 6 78 87 0,4 0 1 20: 6 17 37 +–0,125 1 21: 2 16 17 0,16 22: 6 17 47 0 –0,15 1 23: 7 15 16 4 +–0,2 24: 6 47 58 0,3 0 2 25: 6 16 47 0 –0,36 1 26: 6 67 87 +–0,125 1 27: 6 16 87 0 –0,74 2 28: 7 87 86 0,5 0,5 0 29: 0 15 86
-
[48=58]=+(47–58)+
- 310 -
- 310 -
)
(15+16)
(17–37)–(17+48)+(18+48)+47)–(17+48)+(18+48)–(18+88)
(17+48)–(17+47)+(16+47)–(16+87)+(78–87)(17+47)+(16+47)–(16+87)+(67–87)–
12.15 1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | || | |--------------------------------- || | | - | .| .|| | . | | . | . || | | | . | . ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---- -|2= 18 28 0,350 1,210|2= 78 88 0,361 1,379|3= 18 38 4,000 0,230 –0,235 3,997 0,232 0,265 0,270| |3= 68 88 4,000 0,456 –0,521|3= 48 58 3,500 0,570 0,020|2= 17 18 0,090 0,550|2= 88 87 0,162 1,098|6+ 17 48 8,190 0,000 –0,100|2= 48 47 0,080 0,330|0# 67 68 0,115 0,290|0# 38 37 0,105 0,260|6+ 17 28 0,900 0,400 0,000|6+ 78 87 1,300 0,400 0,000|6+ 17 37 4,500 0,125 –0,125|2= 16 17 0,220 0,730|6+ 17 47 8,420 0,000 –0,150|6+ 47 58 3,440 0,300 0,000|6+ 16 47 9,000 0,000 –0,360|6+ 67 87 4,800 0,125 –0,125|6+ 16 87 61,700 0,000 –0,740 6|0# 15 86 65,260 66,900 6 0‘-----------------------------------------------
12.2.4.3.
1
, 0,5
0,8…1 035.
[88=87] [88_87]max=1,098 . ,, -
-
-
[17=18]=–(18+48)+(17–48) [48=47]=+(17–47)–(17+48) [67#68]=–(68+148)+(67+148) [38#37]=–(37+158)+(38+158 [16=17]=–(17+47)+(16–47) [15#86]=+(87+86)+(16+87)+
[18=38]=–(38+158)+(37+158)+ [88=87]=+(16–87)–(16+47)+(17 [78=88]=+(18+88)–(18+48)+ [68=88]=+(18+88)–(18+48)+(17+48)– –(67+148)+(68+148)
1 1 . 12.15.
1.
| | ------------| | -| | | -|---------------|| | | |-----+------+---- --+-------| 0,780 0,430 0,050 | 0,870 0,509 0,061 | ,3,967 0 489 –0,021 0,040| 3,795 0,275 0,020 0,030| 0,320 0,230 0,010 | 0,630 0,468 0,082 | 8,140 0,050 | 0,205 0,125 0,000 | 0,202 0,087 | 0,183 0,077 | 1,100 0,200 | 1,500 0,200 | 4,500 0,125 | 0,475 0,255 0,060 | 8,345 0,075 | 3,590 0,150 | 8,820 0,180 | 4,800 0,125 | 1,330 0,370 | 6,08 0,820 | ----------------------------’
015
-. -
1,3…1,7 .,2
.
- .
- 311 -
- 311 -
(18+48)
(18_48) =8 (18_48)=0,09 . -
— -
. - [88=87] -
. --
015. . 12.26 -,-
.
[88=87] .
(18_48)=0,36(19_49) (19+49).
10…11 . 11
0,25 (0,36–0,09=0,25) --
035.
. 12.27.
035 -
----
.
- [88=87]
- (18–87)
. 12.27. 30
. 12.28 ( . . 311). , - [18=48].
12.26.
(
). (18+48)
. 12.28. 030 . 12.29. 010
0
(18+48)
- 312 -
- 312 -
[17=18] - 010 (17+47) -
(17–87), . 12.29 ( . . 311) . 12.30. 005
(16+87). . 12.30 - [16=17].
. 12.31. 1
(87),
[48=47]. . 12.31 -
(19+49) =0,36 , ,, w[18_48] -
(19_49).
w[18=48]= (18_87)+ (48_87)=0,19+0,19=0,38 .
. .
. 12.30.
.12.27 ( . . 311)
. 12.30 -
-
-
-.
-. 12.32. 005 . 12.33. 025
005 , - 025 — . 12.32 12.33.
. 12.31 .
- 313 -
- 313 -
w[18_48]=0,38 (19_49)=0,36 .
(18–87).
8…1 -
(4(
(88) 035 -
9…10
--
. 12.34 1
.. 12.24 ( . . 305).
:
1: 2 18 28 0,3 2: 2 78 88 0,3 3: 35: 3
0 –0,05 15: 0 38 37 16: 8 38 158 15 0,05 0
17: 7 37 158 14,79 0,105 0 18: 6 17 28 0,4 0 2 19: 6 78 87 0,4 0 2 20: 6 17 37 +–0,125 1
23: 7 25: 6 47 87 0,19 0 2 26: 6 67 87 +–0,125 1
27: 629: 0
[18=28]=+(17–28)–(17+87)+(18+87)
(48–87).
-1
-. (87)
- Rz40 . -
- 10…11 . 11 (18–87)
8–87) 0,02…0,03 10 =0,12 ),
w[18=48]= (18_87)+ (48_87)=
=0,17+0,17=0,34 .
(18)
.(18_88)=0,19 =0,12
.
12.2.5. 2. 1
. 12.34. 2 2 1
2 1 . 12.34
18 38 4 +–0,5 4: 3 68 88 4 +–0,548 58 3,5 0,6 0 6: 8 18 88 60 0 –0,12
7: 2 88 87 0,08 8: 2 17 18 0,08 9: 3 18 48 8 0 –0,36 10: 6 48 87 0,17 0 2
11: 2 48 47 0,08 12: 8 68 148 20 13: 7 67 148 20,24 0 –0,125 14: 0 67 68
21: 2 16 17 0,16 22: 6 17 87 0 –0,19 2 15 16 4 +–0,2 24: 6 47 58 0,12 0 216 87 0 –0,3 2 28: 7 87 86 0,5 0,5 015 86 30: 6 18 87 0 –0,17 2
-
- 314 -
- 314 -
[78=88]=+(18+88)–(18+87)+(78–87) [18=48]= [48=58]= [17=18]= [48=47]=–(47–87)+(48+87) [67#68]=–(68+148)+(67+148) [38#37]= [16=17]=–(17+87)+(16–87) [88=87]=+(18–87)–(18+88) [15#86]=
[18=38]=
1. 2
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 18 28 0,310 1,070 0,690 0,380 0,010 | |2= 78 88 0,300 0,990 0,645 0,345 0,000 | |3= 18 38 4,000 0,235 –0,140 4,047 0,188 0,360 0,265| |3= 68 88 4,000 0,139 –0,214 3,963 0,176 0,286 0,361| |3= 18 48 8,000 –0,010 –0,350 7,820 0,170 0,010 0,010| |3= 48 58 3,500 0,540 0,060 3,800 0,240 0,060 0,060| |2= 17 18 0,090 0,450 0,270 0,180 0,010 | |2= 88 87 0,090 0,380 0,235 0,145 0,010 | |6+ 18 87 60,260 0,000 –0,170 60,175 0,085 | |6+ 48 87 52,270 0,170 0,000 52,355 0,085 | |2= 48 47 0,080 0,440 0,260 0,180 0,000 | |6+ 17 28 0,760 0,400|6+ 78 87 0,680 0,400|6+ 17 37 4,500 0,125 –0,125 4,500 0,125 | |2= 16 17 0,170 0,660 0,415 0,245 0,010 | |6+ 47 87 52,000 0,190 0,000 52,095 0,095 | |6+ 47 58 3,480 0,120 0,000 3,540 0,060 | |6+ 17 87 60,540 0,000 –0,190 60,445 0,095 | |6+ 67 87 4,400 0,125 –0,125 4,400 0,125 | |6+ 16 87 61,010 0,000 –0,300 60,860 0,150 | |0# 15 86 65,010 66,210 65,610 0,600 | ‘------------------------------------ -
1 2, -:
([17_18]max=0,45) ( . .12.16) [88_87]max=1,098 ( . . 12.15, . 310);
((17+28)=0,76…1,16) ( .-
(17+28)=(78+87)=0,8…1,2 ;
[15#86] =65,98( . . 12.12, . 307), 2 — [15#86] =65,61 ( . .12.16). 12.2.5.1.
, 2 (18) (88)
–(48–87)+(18+87)+(47–58)–(47+87)+(48+87)–(18+87)+(17–87)
–(37+158)+(38+158)
+(87+86)+(16+87)+(15+16)
–(38+158)+(37+158)+(17–37)–(17+87)+(18+87) [68=88]=+(18+88)–(18+87)+(67–87)–(67+148)+(68+148)
. 12.16. 12.16
0,000 0,960 0,200 | 0,000 0,880 0,200 |
------------------------------------- -’
. 12.16) (78+87)=1,3…1,7 ( . . 12.15),
- 315 -
- 315 -
(48). (1008) (1308) (18) (88). ,
(48) (18) - 025 030. 025 -
(48) 2(138+1308)030 — -
--
-
( . . 12.35), 030 035. 030.
(18+87)=(17+88), - — (18+88).
, -
2. 2.1 . 12.36,
[18#48]. .
2(108+1008), (87)
(18).
. -
. 12.36. 2.1 1
2,
[18#48]=–52,27
. 12.35. 030 035
0 17, +60,54 –60,26 +60 =8,01
[18#48]=7,53…8,17 . (19+49)=7,64…8,00 .
0 19, 0 17, 0 12, 0 480 17,,
.
–0,11 –0,18 .
- 316 -
- 316 -
2 -
--
.
-
,
. — -
--
.,---
030 035. -
3 1 -
, . 12.31
12.2.6. 3. 1
020 ( -. 302
303) - ( . 12.37):
-
2(138+1308) - (17) (18).
025 ( . . 12.38). --
2(108+1008) (47), (87) (48), (88). (48+88) -
. . 12.38 (18+48) (18+88)
(48–88).
,-
. 12.37. 020 . 12.38. 025
. 12.39. 3 1
( . . 312).
- 317 -
- 317 -
-
020 025 ( . . 12.25, . 306).
1.
. 12.39 ( . 316) 3 1.
(18+48) " " (18) 10 .
10 (48–88).
(19+89)
w[18_88]= (18_48)+ (48_88)=0,06+0,12=0,18 .
( (19_89)=0,19 ).
.
2 1,
6: 8 18 88 60 0 –0,12 6: 3 18 88 60 0 –0,19; 8: 3 18 48 8 0 –0,36 8: 8 18 48 8 –0,15 –0,21; 9: 6 48 87 0,12 0 2 9: 6 48 88 0,12 0 2.
3 . 12.17
12.17 1. 3 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - -| | | | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 18 28 0,300 1,060 0,680 0,380 0,000 | |2= 78 88 0,310 1,060 0,685 0,375 0,010 | |3= 18 38 4,000 0,235 –0,140 4,048 0,188 0,360 0,265| |3= 68 88 4,000 0,221 –0,136 4,042 0,179 0,364 0,279| |3= 18 88 60,000 0,000 –0,180 59,910 0,090 0,010 0,000| |3= 48 58 3,500 0,570 0,030 3,800 0,270 0,030 0,030| |2= 17 18 0,090 0,450 0,270 0,180 0,010 | |2= 88 87 0,080 0,430 0,225 0,175 0,000 | |6+ 18 87 60,250 0,000 –0,170 60,165 0,085 | |6+ 48 88 52,030 0,120 0,000 52,090 0,060 | |2= 48 47 0,080 0,500 0,290 0,210 0,000 | |6+ 17 28 0,750 0,400 0,000 0,950 0,200 | |6+ 78 87 0,740 0,400 0,000 0,940 0,200 | |6+ 17 37 4,500 0,125 –0,125 4,500 0,125 | |2= 16 17 0,170 0,660 0,415 0,245 0,010 | |6+ 47 87 51,960 0,190 0,000 52,055 0,095 | |6+ 47 58 3,450 0,120 0,000 3,510 0,060 | |6+ 17 87 60,530 0,000 –0,190 60,435 0,095 | |6+ 67 87 4,500 0,125 –0,125 4,500 0,125 | |6+ 16 87 61,000 0,000 –0,300 60,850 0,150 | |0# 15 86 65,000 66,200 65,600 0,600 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
.
| .| .| | . | | | .
- 318 -
- 318 -
-
[78=88]=+(48+88)+(18+48)–(18–87)+(78–87) [18=88]=+(48–88)+(18+48)
–(47+87)+(18+87)–(18+48) [17=18]=–(18+87)+(17–87) [48=47]=–(47–87)+(18+87)–(18+48)
[88=87]=+(18–87)–(18+48)–(48+88) [15#86]=+(87+86)+(16+87)+(15+16)
[18=38]=–(38+158)+(37+158)+(17–37)–(17+87)+(18+87) [68=88]=+(48+88)+(18+48)–(18+87)+(67–87)–(67+148)+(68+148)
12.2.7. 4. 1
-
020-
.
- (18), -
025 . 12.38,
030 - (17) (18).
- ( . . 302) -
1 4 --
.-
--
.
[18=28]=+(17–28)–(17+87)+(18+87)
[48=58]=+(47–58)
[67#68]=–(68+148)+(67+148) [38#37]=–(37+158)+(38+158) [16=17]=–(17+87)+(16–87)
2 ( . . 311).
. 12.40. 4 1 4
1 ( . . 12.40).
005 . 12.41 ( . . 319). 010 - ( . . 12.18, . 302). 020 ( . . 12.20, . 303). 025 ( . . 12.42, . 319). 030 ( . . 12.22, . 303).
- 319 -
- 319 -
-. -
(48+ -
--
(47)
07)-
--
1. -
3
-
4.
[1 [78=88]=+(48+88)+(48+47)–(47+87)+(78–87)
[1 [48=58]=+(47–58)+(48+47)
[1[6
[38#37]=–(37+158)+(38+158) [16=17]=–(17+47)+(16–47)
[88=87]=+(47–87)+(48+47)–(48+88)
025
" " (47).
47) ().
005,.
.
(98+908) (107–10 8 .
(47)
0,02 ,
(48+47)=0,08+0,02=0,
11 =0,06 .
. 12.41. 005 . 12.42. 025
(48+47)
3, 2 3.
:
10: 2 48 47 0,08 10: 7 48 47 0,1 0,06 0; 21: 6 17 87 0 –0,19 2 21: 6 17 47 0 –0,15 2; 26: 6 16 87 0 –0,3 2 26: 6 16 47 0 –0,3 2; 30: 6 18 87 0 –0,17 2.
-
8=28]=+(17–28)–(17+47)+(48+47)+(18+48)
8=88]=+(48–88)+(18+48)
7=18]=–(18+48)–(48+47)+(17–47)7#68]=–(68+148)+(67+148)
[15#86]=+(87+86)+(47+87)+(16+47)+(15+16)
- 320 -
- 320 -
+47)+(48+47)+(18+48)
. 12.18.
. -.
,
4 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | ----|||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 18 28 0,350 1,020 0,685 0,335 0,050 | |2= 78 88 0,370 1,140 0,755 0,385 0,070 | |3= 18 38 4,000 0,166 –0,160 4,003 0,163 0,340 0,335| |3= 68 88 4,000 0,137 –0,231 3,853 0,184 0,269 0,364| |3= 18 88 60,000 0,010 –0,190 59,900 0,090 0,000 0,010| |3= 48 58 3,500 0,380 0,200 3,790 0,200 0,200 0,220| |2= 17 18 0,080 0,350 0,215 0,135 0,000 | |2= 88 87 0,160 0,530 0,345 0,185 0,080 | |6+ 48 88 52,020 0,120 0,000 52,080 0,060 | |6+ 17 28 0,700 0,400 0,000 0,900 0,200 | |6+ 78 87 0,900 0,400 0,000 1,100 0,200 | |6+ 17 37 4,400 0,125 –0,125 4,400 0,125 | |2= 16 17 0,160 0,610 0,385 0,225 0,000 | |6+ 47 87 52,200 0,190 0,000 52,295 0,095 | |6+ 47 58 3,600 0,120 0,000 3,660 0,060 | |6+ 17 47 8,240 0,000 –0,150 8,165 0,075 | |6+ 67 87 4,500 0,125 –0,125 4,500 0,125 | |6+ 16 47 8,700 0,000 –0,300 8,550 0,150 | |0# 15 86 64,900 66,290 65,593 0,696 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
12.3. 3
005 . 12.17 ( . . 302), , .
-,
., -
--
. 3 -
. -. 12.43 ( . . 321)
, .. 12.19.1 ,
.
[18=38]=–(38+158)+(37+158)+(17–37)–(17 [68=88]=+(48+88)–(48+47)–(47+87)+(67–87)–(67+148)+(68+148)
, , ,,
, .
12.18
1.
| | . | | . | . | | -|-----------| | | | . | . | | | |
- 321 -
- 321 -
. 12.44.
12.19.1 . 12.43 ---------------. | ---------------| | -|| -|| |107,565 0,435|43,690 0,310|79,000 1,000|
.-----------------------------------------| || |------------------------------| | - | .| .|| . | | . | . || | | . | . ||----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| 19 89 108,000 0,000 –0,870| 19 39 44,000 0,000 –0,620| 29 89 78,000 2,000 0,000| 49 89 48,000 0,500 –0,500 48,000 0,500| | 49 59 10,000 0,900 0,000| 59 69 16,000 0,550 –0,550| 79 89 15,000 0,215 –0,215| 2(99 909) 53,800 0,074 0,000| 99 909 26,900 0,037 0,000|2(109 1009) 148,500 0,530 0,000| 109 1009 74,250 0,265 0,000|2(119 1109) 153,000 0,000 0,000| 119 1109 76,500 0,000 0,000|2(149 1409) 51,960 0,055 0,030| 149 1409 25,980 0,027 0,015 26,001 0,006| 0
–0,040 0,000 0,040|--------------------------------------’
, . 12.19.2 ( . . 322)
.
. 12.43.
10,450 0,450|16,000 0 550|15,000 0,215|53,837 0,037|26,918 0,018|148,765 0,265|74,382 0,132|153,000 0,000|76,500 0,000|52,002 0,012||2(129 1209) 205,000 0,230 0,140 205,185 0,045|| 129 1209 102,500 0,115 0,070 1 2,592 0,022||2(139 1309) 237,000 0,000 –1,150 236,425 0,575| | 139 1309 118,500 0,000 –0,575 118,212 0,287| |2(909 1109) 0,000 0,100 –0,100 0,000 0,100| | 909 1109 0,000 0,050 –0,050 0,000 0,050| |2(909 1209) 0,000 0,040| 909 1209 0,000 0,020 –0,020 0,000 0,020| ‘------------------
. 12.44 .
- 322 -
- 322 -
. 12.44 ( . . 321)
| |---------------------------------------------|
| | | . | . | | ||----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| 10 80 114,000 0,000 –3,000 112,500 1,500| | 10 30 51,000 0,000 –3,000 49,500 1,500| | 20 80 78,000 1,500 –1,500 78,000 1,500| | 40 80 46,000 1,000 –1,000 46,000 1,000| | 40 60 26,000 1,000 –1,000 26,000 1,000| | 70 80 14,000 1,000 –1,000 14,000 1,000| | 2(90 900) 45,000 2,000 0,000 46,000 1,000| | 90 900 22,500 1,000 0,000 23,000 0,500| ,750 1,000|8,000 2,000|4,000 1,000||||200|200|---’
, --
7
(51+61),
12.19.2
.--------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | - | .| .| | -|| . | | . | . | | -|
|2(100 1000) 143,500 4,000 0,000 145,500 2,000| | 100 1000 71,750 2,000 0,000 72|2(120 1200) 210,000 0,000 –4,000 20| 120 1200 105,000 0,000 –2,000 10|2(130 1300) 242,000 0,000 –4,000 240,000 2,0000 1,000000| 130 1300 121,000 0,000 –2,000 120,00| 1300 900 0,000 1,000 –1,000 0,000 1,| 1300 1000 0,000 0,200 –0,200 0,000 0,0 0,| 1300 1200 0,000 0,200 –0,200 0,00‘-----------------------------------------------------. 12.45 (51+61),
(61) 2 (42+51) (51)
. 12.51 ( . . 324). (61),
7.
. 12.46. 005. 2
-
90 . 1 — . 2 ( . . 12.46):
1. - (41) (61).
. 12.45. 005
005. 8 . 1283. . 12.45.
- 323 -
- 323 -
(10
(41) (61). (41) 7
0) (101) 2(101+1001). 2 . 12.46 ( . . 322)
(42–51) , -
. (61) ( ).
- 2.
. 12.48. 005. 4 . 12.47. 005. 3
. 12.50. 005. 6
(20)
. 12.49. 005. 5
3 ( . . 12.47):
01); 1. (120) (121) 2(121+12
2. (21).
- 324 -
- 324 -
(21) -, -
3 6.
-
--
6, -
-.
(21+82) -
.
(72) 4 , -
6 ( . . 12.50, . 323). 1. (21) -
(21+82).
7 ( . . 12.51). 1. , (42+82) (42+51).
8 ( ). 1. .
1 .
2 ( . . 12.53, . 325): 1. (130) (131) .
3 ( . . 12.5 1. (10)
4 ( . . 12.55, . 325): 1. (11) (12) .
3 ,
(21+82) 5 (82).
(21+82) 5 6
. 12.51. 005. 7
-
4 ( . . 12.48, . 323).
1. (31), (72) (81).
(72).
(31) (81) - (10+81) (31+81).
- (82) 5,
(72+82).
5.
5 ( . . 12.49, . 323). 1. (31) (81) (32) (82) (10+82) (32+82).
010 8 .
1282.. 12.52 ( . . 325).
90 .
4, . 325): (11) .
- 325 -
- 325 -
2.53.. 1 010. 2 . 12.52. 010
. 12.55. 010. 4 . 12.54. 010. 3
010. 6 . 12.57. . 12.56. 010. 5
- 326 -
- 326 -
. 12.59. 010. 8 . 12.58. 010. 7
. 12.61. 020
5 ( . . 12.56, . 325): 1. (90) (91) 2(91+901).
).
7 ( . . 12.58):
8 ( . . 12.59): 1. 2(93+901).
7 8 .
5 010 , , -.
015 90 .
5 14.1), 2(111+1101),
-
. 12.60. 015
6 ( . . 12.57, . 325): 1. (91) (92) 2(92+901
1. (131) (132) .
00
. 12.60. —
1. (112(141+1401)
2(93+903).
- 327 -
- 327 -
. . 326). 2 710.
(122), (122) -
:
;
–1,150 206,425 0,575| | | |7+ 1201 1001 0,000 0,020 –0,020 0,000 0,020| | | |1# 120 121 0,600 | | |3|7+ 71 | | | |8+ 21 82 78,000 1,900 0,000 78,950 0,950| | | |1# 21 20 0,600 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |8+ 72 82 15,000 0,215 –0,215 15,000 0,215| | | |1# 72 70 0,600 | | 005 | |7+ 10 81 113,000 0,000 –0,870 112,565 0,435| | |4|1# 81 80 0,600 | | | |7+ 31 81 65,000 0,000 –0,500 64,750 0,250| | | |1# 31 30 0,600 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |7+ 10 82 112,000 0,000 –1,400 111,300 0,700| | | |1# 82 81 0,160 | | |5|7+ 32 82 64,000 0,200 0,000 64,100 0,100| | | |1# 32 31 0,160 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |8+ 21 78 78,000 1,900 0,000 78,950 0,950| | |6|1# 21 20 0,600 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |8+ 42 51 10,000 0,900 0,000 10,450 0,450| | |7|8+ 42 82 48,000 0,500 –0,500 48,000 0,500| | | |1# 42 41 0,160 | |-----+-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| | |7+ 2(131 1301) 238,500 0,000 –1,150 237,925 0,575| | | |7+ 131 1301 119,250 0,000 –0,575 118,962 0,287| | 010 |2|7+ 1301 1201 0,000 0,025 –0,025 0,000 0,025| | | |1# 130 131 0,600 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|
020 . 12.61 (
— - 1. (121) 2(122+1202)
2(93+903).
. ;
;;
. (122); .
. 12.20. 12.20
.--------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | |-------| | |---------------------------------------------| | - | | | | - | .| .| | -|| - | | | . | | . | . | | -|| | | | | | . | . | | ||-----+-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| | |8+ 2(101 1001) 148,500 0,530 0,000 148,765 0,265| | | |8+ 101 1001 74,250 0,265 0,000 74,382 0,132| | | |1# 101 100 0,600 | | | |7+ 1300 1001 0,000 0,100 –0,100 0,000 0,100| | 005 |2|1# 41 40 0,600 | | | |7+ 41 | | | |8+ 51 61 16,000 0,500 –0,500 16,000 0,500| | | |1# 61 60 0,600 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | |3|7+ 2(121 1201) 207,000 0,000 | | |7+ 121 1201 103,500 0,000 –0,575 103,212 0,287|
- 328 -
- 328 -
. 12.20 .--------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | |-------| | |---------------------------------------------| | - | | | | - | .|| - | | | . | | . | .| | | | | | . | .|-----+-+--+-----------+--------+---------+------| | |7+ 11 82 109,000 0,000 –0,| |3|1# 10 11 0,600| |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+------| | |8+ 12 82 108,000 0,000 –0,| |4|1# 11 12 0,160| |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |7+ 2(91 901) 51,000 0,740 0,000 51,370 0,370| | | |7+ 91 901 25,500 0,370 0,000 25,685 0,185| | 010 |5|7+ 1201 901 0,000 0,025 –0,025| | |1# 91 90 0,600| |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |7+ 2(92 901) 53,400 0,200 0,000 53,500 0,100| | |6|7+ 92 901 26,700 0,100 0,000 26,750 0,050| | | |1# 92 91 0,160 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |8+ 2(132 1301) 237,000 0,000 –1,150 236,425 0,575| | |7|8+ 132 1301 118,500 0,000 –0,575 118,212 0,287| | | |1# 131 132 0,160 | | |-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------| | | |8+ 2(93 901) 53.800 0.074 0,000 53,837 0,037| | |8|8+ 93 901 26,900 0,037 0,000 26,918 0,018| | | |1# 93 92 0,040 | |-----+-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| | |8+2(1101 901) 0,000 0,100 –0,100 0,000 0,100| | | |8+ 1101 901 0,000 0,050 –0,050 0,000 0,050| | 015 | |8+ 2(111 1101) 153,000 0,000 0,000 153,000 0,000| | | |8+ 111 1101 76,000 0,000 0,000 76,000 0,000| | | |8+ 2(141 1401) 51,960 0,055 0,030 52,002 0,012| | | |8+ 141 1401 25,980 0,027 0,015 26,001 0,006| |-----+-+--+-----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| | |8+ 2(122 1202) 205,000 0,230 0,140 205,185 0,045| | | |8+ 122 1202 102,500 0,115 0,070 102,592 0,022| | 020 | |1# 121 122 0,040 | | | |8+2(1202 901) 0,000 0,040 –0,040 0,000 0,040| | | |8+ 1202 901 0,000 0,020 –0,020 0,000 0,020| ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------’
12.3.1.
:
9;
, - 8;
- (19, 18, 17, 16 . .);
- 9, -
— ).-
,, .
, .
.| | -|| | -|| | |---+---------+------|870 108,565 0,435| | ---+---------+------|870 107,565 0,435| |
0,000 0,025| |
-.
8 (
- 329 -
- 329 -
-
( .. 12.43, . 321). -
--
( . . 12.44, . 321).
-
-,
---
80, 81, 82). --
— -----
----,,
, -
-,
1
1 . 12.62. .
. 12.21 ( . . 331).
-.
3 -
9. —
0.
(20, 21
,
1, 2, 3…8.
3.
. 12.62. 1
, .
.,
.
12.3.1.1.
[10#12] [82#80],
- 330 -
- 330 -
(19+39) -
[12#32].
(19_39)=0,62 -.
,.
--
.
:
( . . 12.62, . 329)
[82#81]=+(10+81)–(10+82)
.
[12#32].
,
w[12_32]=1,07 –0,45
, 0,6 ,
1
1: 3 12 32 44 0 –0,62 2: 8 12 82 108 0 –0,87 3: 2 11 12 0,16 4: 2 10 11 0,6 5: 7 11 82 109 0 –0,87 6: 8 42 51 10 0,9 0
7: 8 42 82 48 +–0,5 8: 2 42 40 0,69: 2 21 20 0,6 10: 8 21 82 78 1,9 0
11: 7 32 82 64 0,2 0 12: 2 32 31 0,1613: 7 10 82 112 0 –1,4 14: 2 82 81 0,1615: 7 31 81 65 0 –0,5 16: 2 31 30 0,617: 7 10 81 113 0 –0,87 18: 2 81 80 0,619: 8 72 82 15 +–0,215 20: 2 72 70 0,621: 8 51 61 16 +–0,5 22: 2 61 60 0,623: 7 70 80 14 +–1 24: 7 40 60 26 +–125: 7 10 30 51 0 –3 26: 7 40 80 46 +–127: 7 20 80 78 +–1,5 28: 7 10 80 114 0 –329: 0 10 12 30: 0 82 80
-[12#32]=–(32+82)+(12+82)[11#12]=–(12+82)+(11+82)[10#11]=–(11+82)+(10+82)[10#12]=–(12+82)+(10+82)[42#40]=–(40+80)+(10+80)–(10+82)+(42+82)[21#20]=–(20+80)+(10+80)–(10+82)+(21+82)[32#31]=–(31+81)+(10+81)–(10+82)+(32+82)
[31#30]=+(10+30)–(10+81)+(31+81)[72#70]=–(70+80)+(10+80)–(10+82)+(72+82)[81#80]=+(10+80)–(10+81)[82#80]=+(10+80)–(10+82)
[61#60]=+(40+60)–(40+80)+(10+80)–(10+82)+(42+82)–(42+51)–(51+61)
,.
, [12#32].
- 331 -
- 331 -
12.21 1
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 12 32 44,000 0,000 –1,070 43,465 0,535 –0,450 0,000| |1# 11 12 0,130 1,870 1,000 0,870 –0,030 | |1# 10 11 1,600 3,870 2,735 1,135 1,000 | |0# 10 12 2,600 4,870 3,735 1,135 | |1# 42 40 –0,500 6,900 3,200 3,700 –1,100 | |1# 21 20 –2,500 6,800 2,150 4,650 –3,100 | |1# 32 31 –0,870 2,100 0,615 1,485 –1,030 | |1# 82 81 0,130 2,400 1,265 1,135 –0,030 | |1# 81 80 –2,000 1,870 –0,065 1,935 –2,600 | |0# 82 80 –1,000 3,400 1,200 2,200 | |1# 31 30 –0,500 3,870 1,685 2,185 –1,100 | |1# 72 70 –0,215 6,615 2,200 3,415 –1,815 | |1# 61 60 0,417 5,083 2,750 2,333 –0,183 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.3.1.2. 2
. 12.63 ( . . 333).
-.
2(119+1109) . -, 015 -
.. 12.22 ( . . 332).
2 :
2: 8 122 1202 102,5 0,115 0,074: 8 1101 901 0 +–0,05
27 0,015 6: 8 93 901 26,9 0,037 0
1201 901 0 +–0,025131 1301 119,25 0 –0,575
00 105 0 –2 26: 7 100 1000 71,5 2 0 27: 7 90 900 22,5 1 0 28: 7 1300 1200 0 +–0,2 29: 7 1300 1000 0 +0,2 30: 7 1300 900 0 +–1 31: 0 130 132 32: 0 92 90
(1101). 2(141+1401).
. (1109) -
(1409) . 015 (141+1101) (1101).
( . . 12.63)
1: 2 121 122 0,043: 8 1202 901 0 +–0,025: 8 141 1101 25,98 0,0
7: 2 93 92 0,04 8: 2 131 132 0,16 9: 8 132 1301 118,5 0 –0,575 10: 7 92 901 26,7 0,1 0 11: 2 92 91 0,16 12: 7 91 901 25,5 0,37 0
13: 2 91 90 0,6 14: 715: 2 130 131 0,6 16: 7
17: 7 1301 1201 0 +–0,025 18: 2 120 121 0,6 19: 7 121 1201 103,5 0 –0,575 20: 7 1201 1001 0 +–0,02
21: 2 101 100 0,6 22: 8 101 1001 74,25 0,265 0 23: 7 1300 1001 0 +–0,1 24: 7 130 1300 121 0 –2
25: 7 120 12
- 332 -
(19+39)=44 0 62, .
- 332 -
-
[93#92]=–(92+901)+(93+901)
[91#90]=–(90+900)+(1300+900)–(1300+1001)+(1201+1001)–(1201+901)+(91+901)30+1300)
[120#121]=–(121+1201)–(1201+1001)+(1300+1001)–(1300+1200)+(120+1200)
[130#132]=–(132+1301)–(1301+1201)–(1201+1001)+(1300+1001)+(130+1300)901)
12.22
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | -|---------------|| | |----+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------|0,265 1,975 0,620 0,355 0,225 |,168 0,069 0,060 |575 0,015 |235 0,670 ||1# 91 90 0,855 4,515 2,685 1,830 0,255 | 2,470 1,037 1,432 –0,995 |2,395 0,787 1,607 –1,420 |,450 3,315 1,882 1,432 –0,150 |||-----’
-
, , -. -
[121#122]=–(122+1202)–(1202+901)+(1201+901)+(121+1201)
[131#132]=–(132+1301)+(131+1301) [92#91]=–(91+901)+(92+901)
[130#131]=–(131+1301)–(1301+1201)–(1201+1001)+(1300+1001)+(1
[101#100]=–(100+1000)+(1300+1000)–(1300+1001)+(101+1001)
[92#90]=–(90+900)+(1300+900)–(1300+1001)+(1201+1001)–(1201+901)+(92+
- 2
| | . | | . | . | || | | | . | . | ||--+----------+----|1# 121 122|1# 93 92 0,100 0,237 0|1# 131 132 0,175 1,325 0,750 0,|0# 92 91 0,830 1,300 0,065 0,|1# 130 131 –0,395|1# 120 121 –0,820|1# 101 100 0|0# 130 132 0,355 3,220 1,787 1,432|0# 92 90 2,055 5,445 3,750 1,695‘----------------------------------------------------------------------
12.3.1.3. 1
.
-
. -, -
, -?
, - [12#32] (19+39).
(12+82). (12_32)=0,35 (12
). 4 010 11…12 .
[12#32] :
[12#32]=–64 0 2, +108 =44 .0 35, 0 55,
- 333 -
- 333 -
-
-
90 -
,
(60+80) (70+80) --
. (10+30) (10+80)
,-
.
- [21#20], [42#40], [61#60] [72#70] -
-. (10+80)
, --
,
--
. (10+80)
-: (10~20), (10~40), (10~60)
(10~70). -.
-
.
, -
. 12.63. 2
.-
.
. 12.64 ( . . 334) -,
.
(20+80), (40+80),
. 334, . 12.65 .
31: 5 10 20 0 –3 32: 5 10 40 0 –3 33: 5 10 60 0 –3 34: 5 10 70 0 –3
- 334 -
. 12.64.
),
--
(61), 7.
(51+61) - 11…12 .
, 1 -
2 . 12.66 ( . . 335), -:
35: 5 61 82 0,21 ( 12 22 ).
1. .
(10+82). =1,4 4 005.
. 12.65. 1
. 12.62 ( . . 329) (.
-
(51+61), 005 2, (51),
2 (61~82)
,.
- 334 -
- 335 -
. 12.66. 1
-
{10~40}=–(40+80)+(10+80) [21#20]=+(10~20)–(10+82)+(21+82) {10~20}=–(20+80)+(10+80) [82#81]=+(10+81)–(10+82) [31#30]=+(10+30)–(10+81)+(31+81) [72#70]=+(10~70)–(10+82)+(72+82) {10~70}=–(70+80)+(10+80) [61#60]=+(10~60)–(10+82)+(61~82) {10~60}=+(40+60)–(40+80)+(10+80) {61~82}=+(42+82)–(42+51)–(51+61)
. 12.23.
12.23
- ( . . 336) .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 10 11 1,600 3,340 2,470 0,870 1,000 | |0# 10 12 2,600 4,340 3,470 0,870 | |1# 42 40 1,030 5,900 3,465 2,435 0,430 | |1# 21 20 –0,470 5,300 2,415 2,885 –1,070 | |1# 32 31 –0,340 2,100 0,880 1,220 –0,500 | |1# 82 81 0,660 2,400 1,530 0,870 0,500 | |1# 72 70 0,315 4,615 2,465 2,150 –0,285 | |1# 61 60 0,975 5,055 3,015 2,040 0,375 | |0# 82 80 –0,470 3,400 1,465 | |5# 10 20 36,000 0,000 –3,000 34,500 | |5# 10 40 68,000 0,000 –3,000 66,500 | |5# 10 60 94,000 0,000 –3,000 92,500 | |5# 10 70 100,000 0,000 –3,000 98,500 | |5# 61 82 21,445 0,210 0,000 21,550 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
005 (80) .
4 (10+81) - 14 ( =0,87), (10+82) -
5 15 ( =1,4).
2
[42#40]=+(10~40)–(10+82)+(42+82)
- 335 -
- 336 -
- 336 -
-
.
,,-.
, --
13: 7 10 82 112 0 –1,4
13: 10 82 111,47 0 –0,87.
. 12.23 ( . .335) -
,
. 12.21 ( . . 331).
-. 12.21
12.23, ---
[21#20] [72#70].
[42#40] [61#60] -
.
,. 12.23, -
--
.
12.3.2.
12.3.2.1. 1
-
- ,.
. 12.67. 1
7
- 337 -
- 337 -
. -.
,
.. 12.67 ( . . 336) 1, -
. 12.62 ( . . 329) -.
-.
. 12.67 -.
[12=32], [42=82] [51=61] (19+39), (49+8
:
(19_39)=0,62; (49_89)=1,0; (
w[12_32]= (12_82)+ (32_82)=0,3
w[42_82]= (42_51)+ (51_82)=0,1
w[51_61]= (51_82)+ (61_82)=0,25+0,21=0,46 .
.
-
1
( . . 12.67)
1: 3 12 32 44 0 –0,62 2: 33: 3 51 61 16 +–0,55 4: 85: 2 11 12 0,16 6: 27: 6 11 82 0 –0,87 2 8: 89: 6 51 82 0,25 2 10: 2
11: 2 21 20 0,6 12: 8 13: 6 32 82 0,2 0 2 14: 2 32 31 0,16 15: 6 10 82 0 –0,87 2 16: 2 82 81 0,16 17: 6 31 81 0 –0,5 2 18: 2 31 30 0,6 17: 6 10 81 0 –0,87 2 20: 2 81 80 0,6
21: 8 72 82 15 +–0,215 22: 223: 6 61 82 0,21 0 2 24: 225: 6 70 80 +–1 1 26: 6
27: 6 10 30 0 –3 1 28: 6 40 80 +–1 1 29: 6 20 80 +–1,5 1 30: 6 10 80 0 –3 2 33: 0 10 12 34: 0 82 80
)+(51+82)
9) (59+69).
59 69)=1,1 .
5+0,20=0,55 ;
8+0,25=0,43 ;
1.
:
42 82 48 +–0,512 82 108 0 –0,3510 11 0,642 51 10 0,18 042 40 0,621 82 78 0,74 0
72 70 0,661 60 0,640 60 +–1 1
35: 5 10 20 0 –3 1 36: 5 10 40 0 –3 1 37: 5 10 60 0 –3 1 38: 5 10 70 0 –3 1
-
[12=32]=–(32–82)+(12+82) [42=82]=+(51–82)+(42+51)
[51=61]=–(61–82
- 338 -
- 338 -
(11–82) [10=11]=–(11+82)+(10–82) [82=81]=+(10–81)–(10+82) [32=31]=–(31–81)+(10+81)–(10+82)+(32+82)
(31+81)
(51+82)+(42+51) {10~40}=–(40–80)+(10+80) [21=20]=+(10~20)–(10+82)+(21+82) {10~20}=–(20–80)+(10+80)
{10~70}=–(70–80)+(10+80)
[10#12]= [82#80]=+(10+80)–(10+82)
{10~40}=–(40–80)+(10+80)
12.24
| | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||3= 12 32 43,450 44,000 43,725 0,275 0,070 0,000| |3= 42 82 47,800 48,230 48,015 0,215 0,300 0,270| | |
|6+ 51 82 37,800 0,250 0,000 37,925 0,125 | |2= 42 40 0,600 4,900 2,750 2,150 0,000 | |2= 21 20 0,600 5,210 2,905 2,305 0,000 | |6+ 32 82 64,000 0,200 0,000 64,100 0,100 | |2= 32 31 0,230 2,670 1,450 1,220 0,070 | |6+ 10 82 110,600 0,000 –0,870 110,165 0,435 | |2= 82 81 0,230 1,970 1,100 0,870 0,070 | |6+ 31 81 64,000 0,000 –0,500 63,750 0,250 | |2= 31 30 0,600 4,970 2,785 2,185 0,000 | |6+ 10 81 111,700 0,000 –0,870 111,265 0,435 | |2= 81 80 0,600 4,470 2,535 1,935 0,000 | |2= 72 70 0,685 4,985 2,835 2,150 0,085 | |6+ 61 82 21,800 0,210 0,000 21,905 0,105 | |2= 61 60 0,600 4,680 2,640 2,040 0,000 | |6+ 70 80 15,800 1,000 –1,000 15,800 1,000 | |6+ 40 60 26,000 1,000 –1,000 26,000 1,000 | |6+ 10 30 51,800 0,000 –3,000 50,300 1,500 | |6+ 40 80 48,900 1,000 –1,000 48,900 1,000 | |6+ 20 80 79,100 1,500 –1,500 79,100 1,500 | |6+ 10 80 115,300 0,000 –3,000 113,800 1,500 | |0# 10 12 1,730 2,950 2,340 0,610 | |0# 82 80 1,700 5,570 3,635 1,935 |
------------------------------------------------------------’
[11=12]=–(12+82)+
[31=30]=+(10–30)–(10+81)+ [81=80]=+(10–80)–(10+81) [42=40]=+(10~40)–(10+82)+
[72=70]=+(10~70)–(10+82)+(72+82)
[61=60]=+(10~60)–(10+82)+(61+82) {10~60}=+(40–60)–(40+80)+(10+80)
–(12+82)+(10+82)
[42=40]=+(10~40)–(10+82)+(51+82)+(42+51)
, . 12.24, -.
1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | |
|3= 51 61 15,790 16,250 16,020 0,230 0,340 0,300| |2= 11 12 0,230 1,450 0,840 0,610 0,070|2= 10 11 0,630 2,370 1,500 0,870 0,030|6+ 11 82 109,100 0,000 –0,870 108,665 0,435 |
|5~ 10 20 36,200 0,000 –3,000 34,700 1,500 | |5~ 10 40 66,400 0,000 –3,000 64,930 1,500 | |5~ 10 60 92,400 0,000 –3,000 90,900 1,500 | |5~ 10 70 99,500 0,000 –3,000 98,000 1,500 | ‘---------------
- 339 -
- 339 -
. 12.69. 7 005
. 12.44 ( . . 321).
005 . 12
, (61), (51) , (61) (61+82) -
(82).
, -, , ,
.
(82) -.
12.3.2.2. 2
2 . 12.63 ( . . 333), . 12.70 ( . . 340)
.
. 341.
2 .12.25 ( . . 341).
- 6 -.
. 12.24 ( . . 338) 12.25 1 2 --
.
. 12.68. 005
.45. 12.68.
. 12.51 7 ( . . 324).
. 12.69.
2 005 - ( . . 12.46, . 322), -
- 340 -
- 340 -
. 12.70. 2
- 341 -
- 341 -
2 :
( . . 12.70, . 340)
1: 2 121 122 0,04 2: 8 122 1202 102,5 0,115 0,07 3: 8 1202 901 0 +–0,02 4: 8 1101 901 0 +–0,05 5: 8 141 1101 25,98 0,027 0,015 6: 8 93 901 26,9 0,037 0 7: 2 93 92 0,04 8: 2 131 132 0,16 9: 8 132 1301 118,5 0 –0,575 10: 6 92 901 0,1 0 2 11: 2 92 91 0,16 12: 6 91 901 0,37 0 1 13: 2 91 90 0,6 14: 7 1201 901 0 +–0,025 15: 2 130 131 0,6 16: 6 131 1301 0 –0,575 1 17: 7 1301 1201 0 0 +–0,025 18: 2 120 121 0,6 19: 6 121 1201 0 –0,575 1 20: 7 1201 1001 0 +–0,02 21: 2 101 100 0,6 22: 8 101 1001 74,25 0,265 0 23: 7 1300 1001 0 +–0,1 24: 6 130 1300 0 –2 1 25: 6 120 1200 0 –2 1 26: 6 100 1000 2 0 1 27: 6 90 900 1 0 1 28: 7 1300 1200 0 +–0,2 29: 7 1300 1000 0 +0,2 30: 7 1300 900 0 +–1 31: 0 130 132 32: 0 92 90
- [121=122]=–(122+1202)–(1202+901)+(1201+901)+(121–1201) [93=92]=–(92–901)+(93+901) [131=132]=–(132+1301)+(131–1301) [92=91]=–(91–901)+(92+901) [91=90]=–(90–900)+(1300+900)–(1300+1001)+(1201+1001)–(1201+901)+(91+901) [130=131]=–(131+1301)–(1301+1201)–(1201+1001)+(1300+1001)+(130–1300) [120=121]=–(121+1201)–(1201+1001)+(1300+1001)–(1300+1200)+(120–1200) [101#100]=–(100–1000)+(1300+1000)–(1300+1001)+(101+1001) [130#132]=–(132+1301)–(1301+1201)–(1201+1001)+(1300+1001)+(130+1300) [92#90]=–(90+900)+(1300+900)–(1300+1001)+(1201+1001)–(1201+901)+(92+901)
12.25 1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 121 122 0,065 0,775 0,420 0,355 0,025 | |2= 93 92 0,040 0,177 0,108 0,069 0,000 | |3= 131 132 0,225 1,375 0,800 0,575 0,065 | |6+ 92 901 26,760 0,100 0,000 26,810 0,050 | |6+ 2(92 901) 53,520 0,200 0,000 53,620 0,100 | |2= 92 91 0,190 0,660 0,425 0,235 0,030 | |6+ 91 901 26,200 0,370 0,000 26,385 0,185 | |6+ 2(91 901) 52,400 0,740 0,230 52,770 0,370 | |2= 91 90 0,655 4,315 2,485 1,830 0,055 | |2= 130 131 0,655 3,520 2,087 1,433 0,055 | |6+ 131 1301 119,300 0,000 –0,575 119,013 0,287 | |6+2(131 1301) 238,600 0,000 –1,150 238,026 0,575 | |3= 120 121 0,680 3,895 2,287 1,608 0,080 | |6+ 121 1201 103,300 0,000 –0,575 103,013 0,287 | |6+ 2(92 901) 206,600 0,400 0,000 206,026 0,575 | |2= 101 100 0,665 3,515 2,082 1,432 0,050 | |6+ 130 1300 122,100 0,000 –2,000 121,100 1,000 | |6+2(130 1300) 244,200 0,000 –4,000 242,200 2,000 | |6+ 120 1200 106,300 0,000 –2,000 105,300 1,000 | |6+2(120 1200) 212,600 0,000 –4,000 210,600 2,000 | |--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------|
- 342 -
- 342 -
. 12.25 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||6+ 90 900 23,400 1,000 0,000 23,900 0,500 | |6+ 2(90 900) 46,800 2,000 0,000 47,800 1,000 | |6+ 100 1000 71,300 2,000 0,000 72,300 1,000 | |6+2(100 1000) 142,300 4,000 0,000 144,600 2,000 | |0# 130 132 1,455 4,320 2,887 1,432 | |0# 92 90 1,215 4,605 2,910 1,695 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.4. 4
( . . 12.71) .. 12.26 ( . . 343).
1,35 .
. 12.71. . 12.72.
- ( . . 12.72) 65 137 . -
. 12.27 ( . . 343). 1,2 .
3,2 .
- 343 -
- 343 -
005 -. -
-. . -
. 2 2,
4, 6 8 . 12.73…12.76 ( . . 343 344). 1 -
3, 5 7 . 12.77…12.80 ( . . 344 345).
12.26
. 12.71 ( . . 342) .--------------------------------------------------------.| | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | - | .| .| | -|| . | | . | . | | -|| | | . | . | | ||----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| 39 49 6,500 1,300 –0,500 6,900 0,900| | 49 69 2,000 0,125 –0,125 2,000 0,125| | 29 69 10,000 0,000 –0,240 9,880 0,120| | 59 69 1,000 0,125 –0,125 1,000 0,125| | 19 69 20,000 0,000 –0,280 19,860 0,140| | 2(79 709) 177,940 0,000 –0,260 177,810 0,130| | 79 709 88,970 0,000 –0,130 88,905 0,065| | 2(99 909) 80,562 –0,137 –0,212 80,387 0,037| | 99 909 40,281 –0,068 –0,106 40,193 0,018| |2(109 1009) 48,000 0,027 0,000 48,013 0,013| | 109 1009 24,000 0,013 0,000 24,006 0,006| ‘--------------------------------------------------------’ 12.27
. 12.72 ( . . 342) .--------------------------------------------------------.| | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | - | .| .| | -|| . | | . | . | | -|| | | . | . | | ||----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------|| 30 40 6,500 1,300 –0,500 6,900 0,900| | 30 60 10,000 1,700 –0,500 10,600 1,100| | 20 60 13,500 1,700 –0,500 14,100 1,100| | 10 60 23,000 1,700 –0,500 23,600 1,100| | 2(70 700) 181,000 2,100 –1,200 181,450 1,650| | 70 700 90,500 1,050 –0,600 90,725 0,825| |2(100 1000) 44,000 0,900 –1,800 43,550 1,350| | 100 1000 22,000 0,450 –0,900 21,775 0,675| ‘--------------------------------------------------------’
. 12.73. 005. 2
- 344 -
- 344 -
. 12.74. 005. 4
. 12.75. 005. 6
(22+51)=9,5 0,5
. 12.76. 005. 8
. 12.77. 005. 1
- 345 -
- 345 -
. 12.78. 005. 3
. 12.79. 005. 5
. 12.80. 005. 7
010 ( . . 12.81, . 346).
: - - ..
015 ( . . 12.82, . 346).
: - ..
- 346 -
- 346 -
035 ( . . 12.83, . 346). : .
.
040. : .
. 2(92+902)=80,562 0 2120 137,,
.
. 12.81. 010 . 12.82. 015
. 12.83. 035
- 347 -
- 347 -
--
, , -, ( -
) .
.
12.4.1.
12.4.1.1. 1
--
1 . 12.84, -
. 005 4
5 --
.. 12.84.
- 010
. - 45 ,
-
010 - 005 ( -
6). -
1 -.
1 :
( . . 12.84)
1: 1 40 63 2 +–0,125 2: 1 52 63 1 +–0,125 3: 2 22 23 0,08 4: 8 23 63 10 0 –0,24 5: 8 12 63 20 0 –0,28 6: 2 63 62 0,08 7: 7 118 52 24 0,013 0 8: 7 118 51 23,75 0,125 0 9: 7 12 62 20,6 0 –0,28 10: 2 62 60 0,6 11: 7 22 51 9,5 0 –0,5 12: 2 20 22 0,6 13: 7 22 60 13,4 0 –0,43 14: 2 10 12 0,6 15: 7 12 60 22,3 0 –0,52 16: 7 30 40 6,5 1,3 –0,5 17: 7 30 60 10 1,7 –0,5 18: 7 20 60 13,5 1,7 –0,5 19: 7 10 60 23 1,7 –0,5 20: 0 12 22 21: 0 22 62
. 12.84. 1
- 348 -
- 348 -
- [40#63]=+(12+63)–(12+60)+(30+60)–(30+40) [22#23]=–(23+63)+(12+63)–(12+60)–(22+60) [63#62]=+(12+62)–(12+63) [62#60]=+(12+60)–(12+62) [20#22]=–(22+60)–(20+60) [10#12]=–(12+60)+(10+60) [12#22]=–(22+60)+(12+60) [22#62]=+(12+62)–(12+60)+(22+60)
[52#63]=+(12+63)–(12+60)+(22+60)–(22+51)+(118+51)–(118+52) 1 . 12.28.
12.28 1
( ).---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 40 63 2,000 1,920 –2,880 1,520 2,400 –2,755 –1,795| |1# 52 63 1,000 1,008 0,114 1,561 0,447 0,239 –0,883| |1# 22 23 0,390 1,860 1,125 0,735 0,310 | |1# 63 62 0,320 0,880 0,600 0,280 0,240 | |1# 62 60 1,180 1,980 1,580 0,400 0,580 | |1# 20 22 –0,400 2,230 0,915 1,315 –1,000 | |1# 10 12 0,200 2,920 1,560 1,360 –0,400 | |0# 12 22 8,380 9,330 8,555 0,475 | |0# 22 62 10,990 12,220 11,605 0,615 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.4.1.1.1. 1
005 . 1 ( . . 12.85) 2, 4, 6 8.
( . 12.86, . 349) 1, 3, 5 7.
. 12.85. 005. 1
005 ( . . 12.87, . 349), , , -
.
- 349 -
- 349 -
(60) (61) - (62) (22+60),
(22–62). ,.
. 12.87, , .
. 12.86. 005. 2
. 12.87. 005
4 005 (10) (20) - (12) (22).
.. ,
4 (12–22), -.
,.
(12–22) 10 . 14 =0,36 .
, -- [52=63].
w[52_63]=0,894 .(59_69)=0,25 .
.
- 350 -
1.
.
2 .
010.
[40#63]. w[40_63]=4,8 . -(49_69)=0,25 . -
(48+68) ,.
— (49+69) = 2min.
12.4.1.2. 2
2 2 3.
. 12.88 ( . . 351). .
0,3…0,4 . 2,5.
(91+92)=0,5 . 2 :
( . . 12.88)
,1061: 2 91 92 0,5 2: 8 92 902 40,281 –0,068 –03: 8 902 1002 0 +–0,008 4: 7 91 901 40,344 0 –0,055: 7 901 1002 0 +–0,008 6: 8 103 1002 24 0,013 0
7: 2 103 102 0,08 8: 8 701 1002 0 +–0,02 139: 2 70 72 0,6 10: 8 72 701 88,97 0 –0,
11: 7 701 1001 0 +–0,01 12: 2 102 100 0,6 13: 7 102 1001 23,75 0,125 0 14: 7 700 1001 0 +–0,08
0,6 16: 7 100 1000 22 0,45 –0,915: 7 70 700 90,5 1,05 –0 +–0,317: 7 700 1000
-
- 350 -
1002) [91#92]=–(92+902)–(902+1002)+(901+1002)+(91+901) [103#102]=–(102+1001)+(701+1001)–(701+1002)+(103+ [70#72]=–(72+701)–(701+1001)+(700+1001)+(70+700) [102#100]=–(100+1000)+(700+1000)–(700+1001)+(102+1001)
2 . 12.29.
12.29 2 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||1# 91 92 0,065 0,185 0,125 0,060 –0,435 | |1# 103 102 0,095 0,294 0,194 0,099 0,015 | |1# 70 72 0,840 2,800 1,820 0,980 0,240 ||1# 102 100 0,920 3,155 2,037 1,118 0,320 |‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
- 351 -
- 351 -
-
.
-
-
1 -
:
.
12.4.1.2.1. 2
2 -
.
[91#92]
12.4.2.
1 --
(49+69) (59+69)
.
(49+69)
- (49) -
(69). --
2 . ---
14 ( =0,25 ).
--
(49+69) -
(2min ).
(59+69), -,
.
w[52_62]=0,894
(59_69)=0,25(
. 12.88. 2
).
1
- 352 -
- 352 -
(59_69)=0,6 .
. 12.89 1 1.
2
3 1min .
12.4.2.1. 1. 1
. 12.89. 1 1
. 12.90. 010
-1 -
,
010. -
.
- 353 -
. - (52)
[53_52]min=0.
,.
2. .
. 12.90 ( . . 352) 010 1, 005 4 . 12.91.
. 12.91. 005. 4
.4).
4: 8 53 63 1 +–0,1257 118 52 24 0,013 00 51 52
0 –0,28 10: 2 63 62 0,0861 0,660 0
6: 2 21 22 0,618: 2 11 12 0,620: 2 20 21 022: 2 10 11 024: 8 30 40 6,5 1,3 –0,526: 6 20 60 1,7 –0,5 1
.
1 . 12.30 ( . . 35 1 :
( . . 12.89, . 352)
1: 2 40 63 23: 8 23 63 10 0 –0,24
2: 2 22 23 0,085: 2 53 52 0 6:7: 7 118 51 23,75 0,125 0 8:9: 8 12 63 20
11: 6 12 62 0 –0,28 1 12: 2 62: 2 6113: 6 12 61 0 –0,52 1 14
115: 6 22 51 0 –0,5 117: 6 12 22 0,36 0 219: 6 12 60 0 –0,52 121: 6 11 21 0,36 0 123: 6 11 60 0 –0,52 125: 6 30 60 1,7 –0,5 1
27: 6 10 60 1,7 –0,5 1
- [40=63]=+(12+63)–(12+60)+(30–60)–(30+40) [22=23]=–(23+63)+(12+63)–(12–22)
[51#52]=+(118+52)–(118+51)[63=62]=+(12–62)–(12+63)[62=61]=+(12–61)–(12+62)[61=60]=+(12–60)–(12+61)
- 353 -
- 354 -
- 354 -
,600 0,520 0,080 |,650 0,250 |
0,680 1,720 1,200 0,520 0,080 |,260 |,540 0,100 |
---------------------------------------’
-
, - [52=63],
005 8 (12–51)
:
. . 355 356).
(12_63)+ (118_52)=0,21+0,21+ .
[21=22]=+(12+22)–(12+60)+(11+60)–(11–21)[20=21]=–(11+21)–(11+60)+(20–60)[11=12]=–(12+60)+(11–60)[10=11]=–(11+60)+(10–60)
[53=52]=+(118+52)–(118+51)+(22–51)+(12+22)–(12+63)+(53+63)
12.30 1 1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 40 63 2,020 6,820 4,420 2,400 0,020 | |2= 22 23 0,080 0,960 0,520 0,440 0,000 | |2= 53 52 0,078 0,810 0,444 0,366 0,078 | |0# 51 52 0,125 0,263 0,194 0,069 | |2= 63 62 0,120 0,680 0,400 0,280 0,040 | |6+ 12 62 20,400 0,000 –0,280 20,260 0,140 | |2= 62 61 0,680 1,480 1,080 0,400 0,080 | |6+ 12 61 21,600 0,000 –0,520 21,340 0,260 | |2= 61 60 0,080 1,120 0|6+ 22 51 9,900 0,000 –0,500 9|2= 21 22 0,700 2,460 1,580 0,880 0,100 | |6+ 12 22 9,280 0,360 0,000 9,460 0,180 | |2= 11 12|6+ 12 60 22,200 0,000 –0,520 21,940 0|2= 20 21 0,100 3,180 1,640 1|6+ 11 21 8,900 0,360 0,000 9,080 0,180 | |2= 10 11 0,100 2,820 1,460 1,360 0,100 | |6+ 11 60 23,400 0,000 –0,520 23,140 0,260 | |6+ 30 60 12,800 1,700 –0,500 13,400 1,100 | |6+ 20 60 15,100 1,700 –0,500 15,700 1,100 | |6+ 10 60 24,000 1,700 –0,500 24,600 1,100 | ‘------------------------------------
12.4.2.2. 2. 1
w[52_63]=0,894 .
(59_69)=0,6 .
, -
(12).
[52=63] -,
[52=63]=(12+63)–(12–51)+(118+51)–(118+52).
. 12.92 1, . 12.93 — 005 8 2 (
.
[52=63] :
w[52_63]= (12_51)+ (118_51)+ 0,125+0,013=0,558
- 355 -
- 355 -
(12+63) (12–51) -.
, -
52 63 1 +–0,3;
w[52 63] (59_69)=0,6 .
:
8 53 63 1 +–0,125; 8 12 63 20 0 –0,21; 8 12 63 20 0 –0,28
2 53 52 0 3–0,5 1 6 12 51 0 –0,21 1. 6 22 51 0
. 12.92. 2 1
- 356 -
- 356 -
- [40=63]=+(12+63)–(12+60)+(30–60)–(30+40) [22=23]=–(23+63)+(12+63)–(12–22) [52=63]=+(12+63)–(12–51)+(118+51)–(118+52) [63=62]=+(12–62)–(12+63) [62=61]=+(12–61)–(12+62) [61=60]=+(12–60)–(12+61) [21=22]=+(12+22)–(12+60)+(11+60)–(11–21) [20=21]=–(11+21)–(11+60)+(20–60) [11=12]=–(12+60)+(11–60) [10=11]=–(11+60)+(10–60)
. 12.31.
(12+51)=18,8
. 12.93. 005.
1
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | || | |------------------------------------| | | - | .| .|| | . | | . | . | -|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+-------|2= 40 63 2,090 6,820 4,4|2= 22 23 0,080 0,890 0 4|3= 52 63 1,000 0,285 –0,273 1,006 0,279 0,027 0,015| |2= 63 62 0,120 0,610 0,365 0,245 0,040 | |6+ 12 62 20,400 0,000 –0,280 20,260 0,140 | + ,340 0,260 |0,080 ||||||40 0,100 |80 |60 0,100 |60 |00 |,100 ||
-------’
0,21
8
12.31
2
| ---------| | | -| || -|----------------+------+-------+-------|55 2,365 0,090 |85 0,405 0,000 |,
|2= 62 61 0,680 1,480 1,080 0,400 0,080 | |6 12 61 21,600 0,000 –0,520 21|2= 61 60 0,080 1,120 0,600 0,520,105|6+ 12 51 18,800 0,000 –0,210 18,695 0|2= 21 22 0,670 2,430 1,550 0,880 0,070|6+ 12 22 9,350 0,360 0,000 9,530 0,1800 0,080|2= 11 12 0,680 1,720 1,200 0,5260|6+ 12 60 22,200 0,000 –0,520 21,940 0,2,5|2= 20 21 0,100 3,180 1,640 1|6+ 11 21 9,000 0,360 0,000 9,180 0,1|2= 10 11 0,100 2,820 1,460 1,3|6+ 11 60 23,400 0,000 –0,520 23,140 0,2,1|6+ 30 60 12,800 1,700 –0,500 13,400 1|6+ 20 60 15,000 1,700 –0,500 15,600 1|6+ 10 60 24,000 1,700 –0,500 24,600 1,100‘----------------------------------------------------------------
- 357 -
- 357 -
12.4.2.3. 3.
1
-,
(49+69) (59+69)
:
9+69)=2
(49+69)=2min;
2: 2 22 23 0,083,75 0,125 0
,3 –0,5
(4 0 125,
(59+69)=1 0 125,
(59+69)=1min.
-
005 4.
3 1
. 12.94.
-.
. 12.32 ( . . 358).
1
. 12.94. 3 1 :
( . . 12.94)
1: 2 40 63 23: 8 23 63 10 0 –0,24 4: 2 52 63 1
18 51 25: 7 118 52 24 0,013 0 6: 7 1 7: 8 12 63 20 0 –0,28 8: 2 63 62 0,08 9: 6 12 62 0 –0,28 1 10: 2 62 61 0,6 11: 6 12 61 0 –0,52 1 12: 2 61 60 0 13: 6 22 51 0 –0,5 1 14: 2 21 22 0,6 15: 6 12 22 0,36 0 2 16: 2 11 12 0,6 17: 6 12 60 0 –0,52 1 18: 2 20 21 0 19: 6 11 21 0,36 0 1 20: 2 10 11 0
121: 6 11 60 0 –0,52 1 22: 8 30 40 6,523: 6 30 60 1,7 –0,5 1 24: 6 20 60 1,7 –0,5 1
25: 6 10 60 1,7 –0,5 1
- 358 -
- 358 -
- [40=63]=+(12+63)–(12+60)+(30–60)–(30+40) [22=23]=–(23+63)+(12+63)–(12–22) [63=62]=+(12–62)–(12+63) [62=61]=+(12–61)–(12+62) [61=60]=+(12–60)–(12+61) [21=22]=+(12+22)–(12+60)+(11+60)–(11–21) [20=21]=+(11+21)–(11+60)+(20–60) [11=12]=–(12+60)+(11–60) [10=11]=–(11+60)+(10–60)
[52=63]=+(12+63)–(12+22)–(22–51)+(118+51)–(118+52) 12.32
1 3 .---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |---------------------------------------------| | | | | - | .| .| | -| | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 40 63 2,020 6,820 4,420 2,400 0,020 | |2= 22 23 0,080 0,960 0,520 0,440 0,000 | |3= 52 63 1,000 0,700 0,120 1,356 0,344 0,012 | |2= 63 62 0,120 0,680 0,400 0,280 0,040 | |6+ 12 62 20,400 0,000 –0,280 20,260 0,140 | |2= 62 61 0,680 1,480 1,080 0,400 0,080 | |6+ 12 61 21,600 0,000 –0,520 21,340 0,260 | |2= 61 60 0,080 1,120 0,600 0,520 0,080 | |6+ 22 51 9,100 0,000 –0,500 8,850 0,250 | |2= 21 22 0,700 2,460 1,580 0,880 0,100 | |6+ 12 22 9,280 0,360 0,000 9,460 0,180 | |2= 11 12 0,680 1,720 1,200 0,520 0,080 | |6+ 12 60 22,200 0,000 –0,520 21,940 0,260 | |2= 20 21 0,100 3,180 1,640 1,540 0,100 | |6+ 11 21 8,900 0,360 0,000 9,080 0,180 | |2= 10 11 0,100 2,820 1,460 1,360 0,100 | |6+ 11 60 23,400 0,000 –0,520 23,140 0,260 | |6+ 30 60 12,800 1,700 –0,500 13,400 1,100 | |6+ 20 60 15,100 1,700 –0,500 15,700 1,100 | |6+ 10 60 24,000 1,700 –0,500 24,600 1,100 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’ 12.4.2.4. . 2
( ). 12.95 ( . . 359). 1 -
2. 2 :
( . . 12.95) 1: 2 91 92 0,5 2: 8 92 902 40,281 –0,068 –0,106 3: 8 902 10 5: 7 901 10 0
,08 8: 8 701 1002 0 +–0,02 0 –0,5 2 1 0,16
18: 7 700 1001 0 +–0,08 00 0,45 –0,9 2
02 0 +–0,008 4: 6 91 901 0 –0,05 02 0 +–0,008 6: 8 103 1002 24 0,013
7: 2 103 102 0 9: 2 71 72 0,16 10: 8 72 701 88,97 0 –0,13 11: 2 70 71 0,6 12: 6 71 701 13: 7 701 1001 0 +–0,01 14: 2 102 10 15: 6 102 1001 0,125 0 2 16: 2 101 100 0,6 17: 6 101 1001 0,31 0 2 19: 6 70 700 1,05 –0,6 2 20: 6 100 10 21: 7 700 1000 0 +–0,3
- 359 -
. 12.95. 2
- [91=92]=–(92+902)–(902+1002)+(901+1002)+(91–901) [103=102]=–(102–1001)+(701+1001)–(701+1002)+(103+1002) [71=72]=–(72+701)–(71–701)
71+701)–(701+1001)+(700+1001)+(70–700) [70=71]=–( [102=101]=–(101–1001)+(102+1001) [101=100]=–(100–1000)+(700+1000)–(700+1001)+(101+1001)
- 359 -
- 360 -
- 360 -
. 12.33.
2 ---------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | | | . | | . | . | | -|---------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+----------+--------+---------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------||2= 91 92 0,500 0,620 0,560 0,060 0,000 | |6+ 91 901 40,779 0,000 –0,050 40,754 0,025 | |6+ 2(91 901) 81 558 0,000 –0,100 81,508 0,050 | |2= 103 102 0,085 0,283 0,184 0,099 0,005 | |2= 71 72 0,170 0,800 0,485 0,315 0,010 | |2= 70 71 0,670 3,000 1,835 1,165 0,070 | |6+ 71 701 89,640 0,000 –0,500 89,390 0,250 | |6+ 2(71 701) 179 280 0,000 –1,000 178,780 0,500 | |2= 102 101 0,160 0,595 0,378 0,218 0,000 | |6+ 102 1001 23,760 0,125 0,000 23,823 0,062 | |6+2(102 1001) 47,520 0,250 0,000 47,646 0,125 | |2= 101 100 0,660 3,080 1,870 1,210 0,060 | |60|6+ 2(70 700) 182 000 2,100 –1,200 182,450 1,650 | |6+ 100 1000 21,800 0,450 –0,900 21,575 0,675 | 0 |- -’
1.5.1 c : 3
12.33
.------------------------| | |---------------------------------------------|| | | - | .| .| | -|
|6+ 101 1001 23,290 0,310 0,000 23,445 0,155|6+2(101 1001) 46,580 0, 20 0,000 46,890 0,310 ||6+ 70 700 91,000 1, 50 –0,600 91,225 0,825 |
|6+2(100 1000) 43,600 0,9 0 –1,800 43,150 1,350‘------------------------------ -------------------------------------------
; 3 ; 5 6; ; 7 ; ; .
3 =+ 2+ 1; 3 =+ 2+ 1; (1.1.1) (1.2.1)
5 =– 2– 1+ 4; 6 =– 2– 1+ 3; (1.3.1) (1.4.1)
7 =– 3+ 4; =– – – 3+ 4; (1.5.1) (1.6.1)
=–D1+ 1; =+ 2– 2. (1.7.1) (1.8.1)
1.5.2
. 1.22…1.27 ( . . 360 361)
.
.
. 1.22
, . 1 23..
=– – – 3+ 4 =– 1+ 1, =+ 2– 1+ 1– 2.
3.. 1.22. . 1.2
- 361 -
- 361 -
( -
( ) . 1.25.
) . 1.24.
. 1.24. . 1.25.
, ,
( ) . 1.26.
( ) . 1.27.
. 1.26. . 1.27.
, ,
. 1.26:
M =– – 2– – 2+ 4
. 1.27:
=– – – 3– 4; =– 1;1+ =+ 2– 1+ 1– 2;
=– 2+ 3– – 2– ( — ); M =– – 2– – 2+ 3 ( — ).
.
- 362 -
- 362 -
1.5.3.1
. 1.39…1.51 ( . . 362 364).
=– – – 3+ 4 =– 1– 1+ 2; =+ 1+ 1– 2
. 1.39. . 1.40. ,
=– 2– 2+ 3=– 2+ 3– 2 =– 1+ 2+ 1+ 1– 2
. 1.41. . 1.42.
- 363 -
- 363 -
-. 1.45
=– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1– 2– 3
. 1.43.
., M -
. --
. 1.46
,
.
():
. 1.44.
). 1.45. (
=– 1+ 3– 2+ 1+ 1– 2 =– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1+ 2– 3– 3
. 1.46. . 1.47.
- 364 -
- 364 -
. 1.48 1.49.
=– 1+ 3– 2+ 1+ 1– 2 =– 1+ 2+ 1+ 1– 2
. 1.48. . 1.49.
. 1.50 1.51.
=– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1+ 2– 3– 3 =– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1– 2– 3
. 1.50. . 1.51.
1.5.3.2
. 1.53…1.63 ( . . 364 366).
=– 2– 2– 1+ 5=– 2– 1+ 5– 2 =– 5+ 4+ 2+ 2+ 1+ 1– 2
. 1.53. . 1.54.
- 365 -
- 365 -
. 1.57
. -,,
M -
..
. 1.58
( -).
. 1.56. ( )
. 1.57 )
=– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1– 2– 2– 4
. 1.55.
(
- 366 -
=– 5+ 4+ 2– 1+ 5– 2+ 1+ 1– 2 =– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1+ 2– 5+ 1– 2– 4
. 1.58. . 1.59.
. 1.59
( ):
. 1.60 1.61 .
=– 5+ 4+ 2– 1+ 5– 2+ 1+ 1– 2 =– 5+ 4+ 2+ 2+ 1+ 1– 2
. 1.60. . 1.61.
( ) ( )
. 1.62 1.63 .
=– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1+ 2– 5+ 1– 2– 4 =– 1+ 2+ 3– 1– 1– 2– 2– 4
. 1.62. . 1.63.
- 366 -
- 367 -
- 367 -
. . 367 369). 1.5.4
. 1.70…1.76 (
=– – – – – – – 3+ 5; =– 4+ + + + +
. 1.70. ,
=+ – 4=– 2+
. 1.71.
=– + 5– – – –
. 1.72.
- 368 -
=– 2+ 3+ + + + – 5– 1
. 1.73.
( )
. 1.74.
. 1.75.
- 368 -
- 369 -
=– 2+ 3– – 1
. 1.76.
. 1.77 1.78.
=– 2+ 3– – 1
. 1.77.
= 2+ 3+ + + 5– 1– + –
. 1.78.
2.9.1 ( . . 2.15, . 54):
(1_2)=52 0 15, ; (2_3)=38 ; (1_4)=160 .
,3 12; 1
[3_4] . 2.17, . 370) (3_4) 8, . 370), -
w(1_4) (1_4).
0 062, 0 4,
:
(1_2)=0 — (1_4)=0,4 — 2;(2_3)=0,062 — 9.
( . ( . . 2.1
(1_4) [1_4],
- 369 -
- 370 -
. 2.17. . 2.18.
[3 4]
= –––––> I( ) ––––>\ /––––– I( )–>
= I( ) – \ I( ) .
= –––––> I( I( )) ––––>/ \––––––>
:
- 370 -
[3_4]=160 0 4, –52 0 15, –38 0 062, =70 0 650, .0 212,
( ) ( . . 398, 1) 14 15 .
(3_4) ) [1_4],
[1_4]
(1_2) (3_4)
0,4=w(1_2)+0,062+w(3_4); w(1_2)+w(3_4)=0,4–0,062=0,338 .
. - (3 4) [3_4]=70 .
:; 12 — 0,19 . 0,12+0,19=0,31
)=70 12 -, -
((1_4)=0,4.
(1_4)=0,4=w[1_4]=w(1_2)+w(2_3)+w(3_4).
(2_3) [ (2_3)=0,062 ( 9)],
(1_2)=52
(50…80) . 11 — 0,12
0,338 . (3_4, (1_2)=52 — 11.
w(1_2)=0,12 w(3_4)=0,19 .
: (1_2) 0 06, ; (3_4) 0 095, .
(1_2)
)– 2)=0 = .
, -:
[1_4]=[1_4]min+w[1_4]/2– w[1_4]; [1_4]=[1_4]max–w[1_4]/2– w[1_4];
= (1_2 w(1_ ,3–0,12 +0,18
[1_4]=[1_4] – w[1_4].
.:
(1_2)=52 0 15, ; (1_4)=160 0 4, ;
- 371 -
- 371 -
— (1_2)max =52,15 ;
-
,
— (1_2)min =51,85 , — (1_2) =52,00 ,
— (1_4)min =159,6 , — (1_4) =160,0 ,
— (1_4)max =160,0 .
2.9.1.1. 1
(1_2) w(1_2)=0,12 .,
(1_2)=52 0 150 03,,
=51,91 0 06, .
[160 ]=51,91 +38 +(3_4)0 4, 0 06, 0 062, 0 095, .
w[1_4]=w(1_2)+ (2_3)+w(3_4)=0,12+0,062+0,19=0,372 .
w[1_4]= w(1_2)+ w(2_3)+ w(3_4)=
=0 06 0 06
2
0 0 062
2
0 095 0 095
2
, ( , ) ( , ) , ( , )=–0,031 .
, -
1_4]=[1_4 ,031)= 59,817 .
159 8+(3 .
—-
.
69,90 . (3_4)=69,91
]min+w[1+4]/2– w[1_4]=159,6+0,372/2–(–0 1[
:
,817=51,91+3 _4); (3_4)=159,817–51,91–38=69,907
. (3_4).
.
(1_4)–w[1_4]=0,4–0,372=+0,0287 0,003
0 095, .
(
+38 +69,91
) :
0 06, 0 062, 0 095, =159,82 .
. 2.19 ( . . 372).
0 2170 155,,
[1_4]=(1_2)+(2_3)+(3_4)=51,91
:
min=[1_4]min–(1_4)min=159,603–159,6=+0,003 ;
max=(1_4)max–[1_4]min=160,0–159,975=+0,025 .
(1_4) [1_4]
- 372 -
. (1_4)=160 0,4
[1_4]=159,82 0 217,0 155,
. 2.19.
.2.20. 1 . 2.21.
(2_3)=38 0,62 ; (1_4)=160 0,4 ; (1_2)=52 0 15,
. 2.20.
(1_2)=51,91 0 06, =52 0,150,03
; (2_3)=38 0,062 ; (3_4)=69,91 0 095,
. 2.21.
2.9.1.2. 2
[1_4]=(1_2) +(2_3) +(3 4)
.:
0 06, 0 062, 0 095, ;
[160 0 4, ]=52 0 06, +38 0 062, +(3_4) 0 095, ; [1_4]=[1_4] – w[1_4].
( . . 371).
:
59,831 ;
159,83 1 .
w[1_4]=–0,031 .
[1_4]=159,8–(–0,031)=1
1=52+38+(3_4); (3_4)=159,831–52–38=69,83
- 372 -
- 373 -
- 373 -
w[1_4] -
+0,028
,(3_4)
(1_4). (1_4)–w[1_4]=0,4–0,372=
(3_4) (3_4)=69,831 0,028/2=0,014
. 0,001 =69,83 .
(3_4)=69,83 0 095, .
:
[1_4]=(1_2)+(2_3)+(3_4)=52 0 06, +38 0 062, +69,83 0 095, =159,83 0 217, .0 155,
:
min =[1_4]min–(1_4)min=159,613–159,6=+0,013 ;
max=(1_4)max–[1_4]min=160,0–159,985=+0,015 .
(1_4) [1_4] . 2.22.
0 2170 155,,
[1_4]=159,82
. 2.22.
2 . 2.23.
(1_2)=52 0 06, ; (2_3)=38 ; (3_4)=69,830 062, 0 095,
: (1_2)=52
. 2.23.
2.9.1.3. 3
0 15, : (1_4)=160 .0 4,
- 374 -
: (1_2)=52,15; (1_4)=160 .
- 374 -
1_2)=0,12 .
,
(1_2) w(
,
(1_2)=52,15 0 12, =52 0 030 15,,
=52,09 0 06, .
:
[1_4]=(1_2) 0 06, +(2_3) 0 062, +(3_4) 0 095, ;
[160 0 4, ]=52,09 0 06, +38 0 062, +(3_4) 0,095 .
, -
159,845 .
.
. _-
-
-.
[1_4]=[1_4]max–w[1_4]/2– w[1_4]=160–0,372/2–(–0,031)=
(3_4)
159,845=52,09+38+(3 4); (3_4)=159,845–52,09–38=69,755
(3 4) —.
.
. ( (1_4)–w[1_4]=0,4–0,372=+0,028 )
69,755 0,005 (3_4)=69,75 0 09, 5 .
) : (
[1_4]=(1_2)+(2_3)+(3_4)=52,09 0 06, +38 0 062, +69,75 0 095, =159,84 0 2170 155,,
.
:
min =[1_4]min–(1_4)min=159,623–159,6=+0,023 ;
5 .
(1_4)
max=(1_4)max–[1_4]min=160,0–159,955=+0,00
[1_4] . 2.24.
(1_4)=160 0,4 .
[1_4]=158,84 0 2170 155,,
. 2.24.
- 375 -
(1_2)=52,09
3:
0 06, ; (2_3)=38 ; (3_4)=69,750 062, 0 095 .,
.
(1_2)=52 ; (2_3)=38 ; (3_4)=69,91
1.
0 150 03,,
0 062, 0 095, : [1_4] .
2.
(1_2)=52 ; (2_3)=38 ; (3_4)=69,83
=160 3970 025,,
0
- 375 -
0 06, 0 062, 0 095, : [1_4]
3.
(1_2)=52 ; (2_3)=38 ; (3_4)=69,75
=160 0 3870 015,,
.
0 030 15,,
0 062, 0 095, : [1_4]
2.9.2
(1_2), (2_3) (2_5) ,. (4_5) -
( ). [4_5]min=4 ( . . 2.27).
=160 0 3770 005,,
.
--
[4_5]
(2_3)=35 , (2_5)=140
. 2.27.
, (3_4):
[4_5]=(2_5)–(2_3)–(3_4);
(3_4)=(2_5)–(2_3) .
01 - 80…120 . ( . . 2.26,
. 55 .
0,16 0,4
[4_5]
–(4_5)=140–35–4=101
(3_4)=1
) — 11. 101 11 0,22 w(3_4).
(3_4) . :
[4_5]=140 0 4, –35 0 16, –(3_4) 0 11, .
--
.-
, ,
(4_5) , .
[4_5]=[4_5]min+w[4_5]/2– w[4_5]=
=4+(0,4+0,16+0,22)/2–[(–0,4/2)–(–0,16/2)–0]=4+0,39+0,12=4,51 .
- 376 -
- 376 -
-
(3_4) :
4,51=140–35–(3_4); (3_4)=140–35–4,51=100,49 .
: , — . (3_4)=100,4 .
.
[4_5]=140 0 4, –35 0 16, –100,4 0 11, =4,6 0 51, .0 27,
3
: min=[4_5]min–(4_5)min=4,09–4,0=+0,09 .
.3.1
.
[17_30]=[17_30]min+w[17_30]/2– w[17_30]=
=1,5+0 394 0 0 13 0 0 11 0 0 07 0 0 084,
[( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
]2 2 2 2 2
=1,74 .
1,74=(29_30)+12–14–25, (29_30)=28,74 .
1=(29_30)=28,74 0 13, .
( . . 3.34, . 82) [17_30] 2,2 .
.:
0 13,[17_30]=28,74 0 13, +12 0 11, +18,35 –3,2 0 1, –15 0 12, –14 0 07, –25 0 084, .
[17_30]
0 111 0 13 0 11 0 13 0 1 0 12 0 07 0 084, ( , , , , , , , ) =0,286 .2 2 2 2 2 2 2w[17_30]=3
.
[17_30]=
w[17_30]=+(–0,065)+(–0,055)+(+0,065)–(–0,05)–(–0,06)–(–0,035)–(–0,042)=+0,132
:
w[17_30]+w[17_30]/2=+0,132+0,286/2=+0,275 ;
[17_30]= w[17_30]–w[17_30]/2=+0,132–0,143=–0,011 .
[17_30]=+28,74+12+18,35–3,2–15–14–25=1,89 .
[17_30]=1,89 0 011, .
[17_30]max=2,165 .
0 275,
:
3.3.2
.
m =2,2–2,165=+0,035 .
[1_2]=0,76–0,14=0,62
[1_2] =(0,76+0,14)/2=0,45 .
- 377 -
[1_2]=–(2_3)–(3_4)–(4_5)+(1_5); [1_2]=–2,5 0 06, –140 0 4, –2,5 0 06, +(1_5).
- 377 -
0,45=–2,5–140–2,5+(1_5); (1_5)=145,45 .
0,62=0,06+0,4+0,06+ .
120…180 =0,1 9 ..
.
w[1_2]=–
(1_5); (1_5)=0,1
(1_5) [1_2]
, -:
0 0 06
2 2
0 0 4 0 0 06
2
0 05 0 05
2
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) , ( , )=
:
145,19 .
=–(–0,03)–(–0,2)–(–0,03)+0=+0,26 .
:
[1_2]=w[1_2]=0,06+0,4+0,06+0,1=0,62 .
[1_2]=[1_2] – w[1_2]=0,45–(+0,26)=0,19 ;
0,19=–2,5–140–2,5+(1_5), (1_5)=
, -.
:
0 05, =0,1957,
.[1_2]=–2,5 0 06, –140 –2,5 +145,190 4, 0 06, 0 050,
.
(1_5)=145,19
:
0 05, ;
(4_5)=2,5 .
(3_4)=140 0 4, ;
(2_3)= 0 06,
3.7.1
( . . 3.39, . 94):
[4_5]min=1,0; [4_5]max=1,75; [4_5]=0,75 ;
[4_5] =(1,0+1,75)/2=1,375 .
( . . 3.39) :0 095, +(1_3) 0 11, –5 –140 0 16, .[4_5]=–5 +500 075, 0 075,
[4_5]=[4_5] – w[4_5]=1,375–(0,0375+0+0+0,0375+0,08)=1,22 .
1,22=–5+50+(1_3)–5–140, (1_3)=101,22 .
- 378 -
- 378 -
0,03/2=0,015 -
3
w[4_5]=0,075+0,19+0,22+0,075+0,16=0,72 .
: =0,75–0,72=+0,03 .
, (1_3)=101,22 .
.7.2
( . . 3.39, . 94):
[4_5]min=1,0 ; [4_5]max=1,75 ; [4_5]=0,75 ;
[4_5] =(1,0+1,75)/2=1,375 .
( . . 3.39) :
[4_5]=–5 0 12, +50 0 125, +(1_3) 0 27, –5 0 12, –140 0 4, .
[4_5]=[4_5] – w[4_5]=1,375–(0,06+0+0+0,06+0,2)=1,055 .
. . 97), (0,75–,736 -
.-
-8),
--
-
(19+39) (19+59).
----
[38=37] -. 6.1.5,
.6.1.6 ( . . 379).
1,055=–5+50+(1_3)–5–140; (1_3)=101,055 .
(0 8)/2=0,0132/2=0,066 ,
. (1_3)=101,05 0 27, .
6.1.3.3
. 6.23. ()
. 6.23 . 6.18 ( .
146)
(18+38) (18+5
I 11
- 379 -
- 379 -
:
1. [17=18]=–25 0 2, 10 08,
+(1
2. [38=37]=–(37–58)
7–58) 0 21, ;
0 11, +25 0 210 08,,
–8 0150,06
.
. . 379). [38_37]=0,04 . 6.1.7 6.1.8 (
.----------------------------------------| | || | |---------------------------| | | - | . | .|| | .| | . | . | || | | | . | . ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+| + 18 38 8,000 –0,060 –0,150| = 38 37 –0,150| + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,180| + 18 58 25,000 –0,080 –0,210| + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150| – 37 58 0,110 0,000| + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000| – 17 58 0,000 –0,210 0,105 1 | | + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000| # 16 57
6.1.6
---------------------.
.| | -| | . | | -|--------------|| | | | | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| + 18 38 8,000 –0,060 –0,150 7,895 0,045 | | = 38 37 –0,060 0,270 0,105 0,165 0,090 | | + 18 28 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | = 17 18 0,270 0,610 0,440 0,170 0,090 | | + 18 58 25,000 –0,080 –0,210 24,855 0,065 | | + 48 58 4,000 0,150 –0,150 4,000 0,150 | | + 37 58 16,600 0,110 0,000 16,855 0,055 | | + 16 17 4,000 0,120 0,000 4,060 0,060 | || + 58 57 0,300 0,180 0,000 0,390 0,090 | | # 16 57 29,490 30,000 29,745 0,255 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
6.1.7
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | . || | ---------|| | | . | | | .| -| | .|| | | | | .||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+-----+--------|| = 38 37 0,040 3 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
6.1.5
-----------------------------. | . |--------------+--------------|| -|N | . | -| | .|| | | .|--------+-----+-----+--------|7,895 0,045 |3 |2 |24,855 0,065 |4,000 0,150 |0,055 1 |4,060 0,060 |
0,390 0,090 |3 |‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
.------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . || | .| | . || . .
+ 17 58 25,400 0,000 –0,210 25,295 0,105 |
| ||-----------------------------------------+-----| - | . | .| | -|N | . | . | || . | . | |
- 380 -
- 380 -
.8
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | | | | --- --|| | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 38 37 0,140 0,470 0,305 0,165 0,100 | | + 37 58 16,600 0,110 0,000 16,655 0,055 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’6.1
. 6.48 ( . . 168) :
- 3
6.1
- | . | .| | -|.| | . | . | | -|---- ----- | | . | . | | |
.3.8
1. [18=28]=+(17–28)–(17–47)+(18+47);
2. [38=48]=+(18+48)–(18–47)+(38–47);
3. [48=47]=+(18–47)–(18+48); 4. [17=18]=–(18–47)+(17–47).
,.
:
4. [48=47]=(18–47) 0 07, –40 0 1, ;
[48_47] =[48_47]min+w[48_47]/2– w[48_47]=
=0,04+(0,07+0,1)/2–[0 0 07 0 0 1
2 2
( , ) ( , )]=0,11 ;
0,11=(18–47)–40; (18+47)=40,11 .
–
(18+47)=40,11 0 07, .
(18+47) 4, [17–47]. :
3. [17=18]=–40,11 0 07, +(17–47) 0 13, ;
[17_18] =[17_18]min+w[17_18]/2 w[17_18]=
=0,04+(0,07+0,13)/2–[–0 0 07
2 2
0 0 13( , ) ( , )]=0,17 ;
-
0,17=–40,11+(17–47); (17+47)=40,28 .
(17+47)=40,3 0 13, .
. 1:
1. [18=28]=(17–28) 0 2, –40,3 +40,11 ;0 13, 0 07,
[18_28] =0,8+0,4/2–(+0,1+0,065–0,035)=0,87 ;
0,87=(17–28)–40,3+40,11; (17+28)=1,06 .
. . (17)
:
(17+28)=1,06 0 2, .
- 381 -
- 381 -
035 (38–47).
2 -:
2. [38=48]=40 –40,11 +(38+47)0 1, 0 07,0 2, ;
w[38_48]=0,1+0,07+0,2=0,37 ; [38 48] =[38_48] – w[38_48],
[38_48] =0 8 12
2
, ,–(–0,05+0,035+0,1)=0,915 ;
0,915=40–40,11+(38–47); (38+47)=1,025 .
(47)
(38+47)=1,02 . (17)
(38+47). (17+28)=1,06…1,26 - 035 .
. 6.1.21.
6.1.21
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | | | | .| | -|--------------|| | | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 18 28 0,800 1,200 1,000 0,200 0,000 0,000 | | = 38 48 0,810 1,180 0,995 0,185 0,010 0,020 | | + 18 48 40,000 0,000 –0,100 39,950 0,050 |
020 0,200 0,000 1,120 0,100 || + 17 47 40,300 0,000 –0,130 40,235 0,065 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
----| | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - -| | | | .| -|--------------|| | |----+------+-------|| = 18 48 2,761 2,784 2,773 0,011 0,021 0,016|
| + 16 56 3,360 0,000 –0,015 3,352 0,007 | | + 26 36 1,240 0,020 0,000 1,250 0,010 | | + 16 46 2,760 0,000 –0,015 2,753 0,007 | | + 16 26 0,775 0,000 –0,015 0,767 0,007 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’. 6 ) -
0 2,
- | . | .| | -| | . | . || . | . |
| = 48 47 0,040 0,210 0,125 0,085 0,000 | | = 17 18 0,060 0,260 0,160 0,100 0,020 | | + 18 47 40,110 0,000 –0,070 40,075 0,035 | | + 17 28 1,060 0,200 0,000 1,160 0,10 || + 38 47 1,0
6.1.3.10
. 6.1.25. 6.1.25
-.-------------------------------------------------------------- ---. || . | .| | | . | . | || | | | . | . | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-| = 18 28 0,776 0,799 0,787 0,011 0,001 0,001|
| = 18 58 3,361 3,384 3,372 0,011 0,009 0,016| | = 28 38 1,216 1,244 1,230 0,014 0,016 0,016|
.1.26 ( . . 382.
- 382 -
- 382 -
.26
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | | | | | | ---| +--------+--------+-----+------+-------|0,795 0,787 0,007 0,005 0,005|| = 18 48 2,765 2,780 2,773 0,007 0,025 0,020| | = 18 58 3,365 3,380 3,372 0,007 0,013 0,020|
6
—
.--
005 — ( .
; ( .
. 6.95, . 203). - — 12
.-
30, . 416…420).
18, . 217).
,
6.1
|-----------------------------------------|| - | . | .| | -| | .| | . | . | | -|-------- ---|| | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------| = 18 28 0,780
| = 28 38 1,220 1,240 1,230 0,010 0,020 0,020| | + 16 56 3,360 0,000 –0,015 3,352 0,007 | | + 26 36 1,240 0,020 0,000 1,250 0,010 | | + 16 46 2,760 0,000 –0,015 2,753 0,007 | | + 16 26 0,775 0,000 –0,015 0,767 0,007 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’.5.1.2.5
5 :
000 —( . . 6.102, . 207).
. 5
, 1,2
;
. 6.94, . 203). -. -
1
14 ( =0,43 ).
12 ( =0,25)
010 —
( =0,18 ); 025 —
( .=0,4 ;
030 035 — ( . . 6.117 6.1 5 . 6.119.
.
1. [77=78]=–44 0 62, +28,7 0 26, +(77–88) 0 18, ,
0,52 .
. 6.119. 3. 5
[77_78] =0,08+(0,62+0,52+0,18)/2–(+0,31+0–0,09)=0,52 ;
=–44+28,7+(77–88); (77+88)=15,82. (77+88)=15,82 0 18,
- 383 -
2. [98=97]=+(77–97) 0 25, –15,82 0 18, –28,7 0 26, ,
[98_97] =0,0 ;
0,59=+(77–97)–1 45,11 .
8+(0,25+0,18+0,52)/2–(–0,125+0,09–0)=0,59
0,255,82–28,7; (77+97)=45,11. (77+97)=
3. [78=108]=+(77–108) 0 4, –15,82 0 18, –28,7 0 26, +44 0 62, ,
[77108] =0,3+1,72/2–(+0,2+0,09–0–0,31)=1,18 ;
1,18=+(77–108)–15,82–28,7+44; (77+108)=1,7. (77+108)=1,70 4,
.
4. 9 28 ,
=0,3+1,35/2–(+0,2+0,125–0,09+0)=0,
0,74=+(118–97)–45,11+15,82+28,7; (118+97)=1,33 .
[118=98]=+(118– 7) 0 4, –45,11 0 25, +15,82 0 18, ,7 ,+ 0 26
[118_98] 74 ;
0 4, (118+97)=1,4 .
5. [88=87]=(77–87) 0 43, –15,82 0 18, ,
[88_87] =1,6+0,61/2–(–0,215+0,09)=2,03 ;
2,03=+(77–87)–15,82; (77+87)=17,85. .
7
- 383 -
(77+87)=17,9 0 43,
) 06. [76=77]=–17,9 0 43, +(76–8 4, ,0 8,
[76_77] 1,63 0 )=2,0 ;
2,0=–17,9+(76–87); (76+87)=19,9. .
7.
]
2,43 .
6.5.5
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| || --- - --- - ---| | | - | | -| | | | .| | | -|--------------|| | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 78 108 0,300 2,020 1,160 0,860 0,000 | | = 118 98 0,370 1,720 1,045 0,675 0,070 | | = 77 78 0,080 1,400 0,740 0,660 0,000 | | = 98 97 0,080 1,030 0,560 0,475 0,000 | | + 77 108 1,700 0,400 0,000 1,900 0,200 | | + 118 97 1,400 0,400 0,000 1,600 0,200 | | + 77 88 15,820 0,000 –0,180 15,710 0,090 | | = 88 87 1,650 2,260 1,955 0,305 0,050 | | + 77 97 45,110 0,000 –0,250 44,985 0,125 | | = 97 96 1,660 3,540 2,600 0,940, 0,060 | | = 76 77 1,600 3,230 2,415 0,815 0,000 | | + 77 87 17,900 0,000 –0,430 17,685 0,215 | | + 76 87 19,900 0,800 –0,400 20,100 0,600 | | = 87 96 29,700 0,800 –0,400 29,900 0,600 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
=1,6+ /2–(+0,215+ ,2
0 40 8,,
(76+87)=19,9
0 8,[97=96]=(87–96) 0 4, +17,9 0 43, –45,11 0 25, ,
[97_96 =1,6+1,88/2–(+0,2–0,215+0,125)=2,43 ;
=+0 8,
(87–96)+17,9–45,11; (87+96)=29,64. (87+96)=29,7 0 4,
. 6.5.5.
. 5
| | | | |------- -- ------ ------ ------- --| | . | .|. | . || . | . | | |
- 384 -
- 384 -
6.5.1.3.2
. 6.123 6.124. . 6.125.
(77+78) = 0,160,15
(98+97) = 0,130,08
. 6.123. 030 . 6.124. 035
. 6.125.
1.0 15, 0 15, ,[78=108]=+(77–108) –(77+78)
w[78_108] =w[78_108] – w[78_108]=(0,3+0,6)/2–(0,075–0,075)=0,45 ;
.0,45=+(77–108) 0,610 15,
–0,16; (77+108)=0,61. (77+108)=
(77+108) .
. 6.125. 3. 2
2. [118=98]=–(98+97)0 08,
+(118–97) 0 15, ,
w[118_98] =w[118_98] – w[118_98]=(0,3+0,6)/2–(–0,04+0,075)=0,415;
0,415=–0,13+(118–97); (118+97)=0,545 .
(118+97)=(77+108)=0,610 15,
.
025 - (77+108), 1 -
[78=108].
- 385 -
3. [78=98]=–0,13 0 08, +(77–97) 0 25, –0,16 0 15, ,
w[78_98]=0,08+0,25+0,15=0,48 .
: (79_99)–w[78_98]=0,62–0,48=0,14 ,
w[78_98 ,93 ;
43,93=–0,13+(7 4,22 .
] =[78_98] – w[78 98]=43,69–(–0,04–0,125–0,075)=43
7–97)–0,16; (77+97)=44,22. (77+97)=4 0 25,
4. [88=98]=–0,13 0 08, +44,22 0 25, –(77–88) 0 18, ,
w[88_98]=0,08+0,25+0,18=0,51 .
: (89_99)–w[88_98]=0,52–0,51=0,1 ,
w[88_98] =[88_98] – w[88_98]=28,7–(–0,04–0,125+0,09)=28,775 ;
28,775 =–0,13+44,2 )=15,32 .
,
2,03=+( .
0 18,2–(77–88); (77+88)=15,315. (77+88
5. [88=87]=(77–87) 0 43, –15,32 0 18, ,
[88_87] =1,6+0,61/2–(–0,215+0,09)=2,03
77–87)–15,32; (77+87)=17,35. (77+87)=17,4 0 43,
6. [76=77]=–17,4 0 43, +(76–87) 0 40 8,,
,
[76_77] =1,6+1,63/2–(+0,215+0,2)=2,0 ;
2,
2,43=+(87–96)+17,4–44,22; (87 9 .
6.5.6
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | | | | | -------|| | | . | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 78 108 0,300 0,600 0,450 0,150 0,000 0,000| | = 118 98 0,300 0,530 0,415 0,115 0,035 0,035| | = 88 98 28,700 0,250 –0,260 28,695 0,255 0,000 0,010| | = 78 98 44,000 –0,070 –0,550 43,690 0,240 0,070 0,070| | + 77 108 0,610 0,150 0,000 0,685 0,075 | | + 118 97 0,550 0,150 0,000 0,625 0,075 | | + 77 88 15,320 0,000 –0,180 15,230 0,090 | | = 88 87 1,650 2,260 1,955 0,305 0,050 | | + 77 97 44,220 0,000 –0,250 44,095 0,125 | | = 97 96 1,650 3,530 2,590 0,940, 0,050 | | = 76 77 1,600 3,230 2,415 0,815 0,000 | | + 77 87 17,400 0,000 –0,430 17,185 0,215 | | + 76 87 19,400 0,800 –0,400 29,700 0,600 | | = 87 96 29,300 0,800 –0,400 29,500 0,600 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
0=–17,4+(76–87); (76+87)=19,4. (76+87)=19,4 0 4,0 8,
.
7. [97=96]=(87–96) 0 40 8,,
+17,4 –44,22 ,0 43, 0 25,
[97_96] =1,6+1,88/2–(+0,2–0,215+0,125)=2,43 ;
0 40 8,,
+96)=2 ,25. (87+96)=29,3
. 6.5.6.
. 2
| | |-----------------------------------------| | - | . | .| | -|.| | . | . | | -|-------| | . | | |
- 385 -
- 386 -
- 386 -
6.5.---
), Rz
( . . 6.134, .
2.1.2 030 .
, (
40, Df=40 .
[28_27]min=[38_37]min=0,08 .
223)
[27_26]min=[37_36]min=[17_18]min=[58_57]min=1,6 .
2. [28=27]=–(27–208)0 37,
+26 0 15, ,
w[28_27]=0,37+0,15=0,52, w[28_27]/2=0,26 ;
[28_27] =[28_27]min+w[28_27]/2– w[28 27]=0,08+0,26–(–0,185+0,075)=0,45 ;
0,45=–(27–208)+26; (27+208)=25,55 .
(27+208)=25,550 37,
, 2(27+208)=51,10 74,
.
.
(37+308)=25,55 , 2(37+308)=51,1 .0 37, 0 74,
4. [17=18]=–200 0 46, +(17–58) 115, ,
w[17_18]=0,46+1,15=1,61; w[17_18]/2=0,805 ;
[17_18] =[17_18]min+w[17_18]/2– w[17_18]=1,6+0,805–(+0,23–0,575)=2,75 ;
2,75=–200+(17–58); (17+58)=202,75. (17+58)=202,8 115, .
05.
[58_57] =[58_57]min+w[58_57]/2–
(17+58) 0,.
5. [58=57]=+(17–57) 4 0, –202,8 115, ,
w[58_57]=4,0+1,15=5,15; w[58_57]/2=2,575 ;
w[58_57]=1,6+2,575–(–2,0+0,575)=5,6 ;
5,6=+(17–57)–202,8; (17+57)=208,4. (17+57)=208,4 .
.
6. [308=307]=+64
4 0,
0 15, –202,8 +208,4 –(408–57)115, 4 0, 1 5, +0
w[308 307]=3
0 5, ,
0 111 0 3 115 4 0 3 0 102 2 2 2, ( , , , , , 2 ) =5,236 ;
w[308_307]=0+0,575–2,0–0+0=–1,425;
[308 307]= w[308_307]+w[308_307]/2=–1,425+2,618=+1,193 ;
[308 307]= w[308_307]–w[308_307]/2=–1,425–2,618=–4,043 ;
[308_307] =[308_307] – w[308_307]=0,0–(–1,425)=1,425 ;
1,425=+64–202,8+208,4–(408–57)+0, (408+57)=68,175 .
[308=307]=1,425 =04 0431193,,
2 618, , (408+57)=68,175 15, .
(408+57)=68,2 . [308=307]=1,415, 4 0431193,,
=–0,025 .2 618,
- 387 -
- 387 -
7. [208=207]=+86 0 175, +64 0 15, –202,8 +208,4 –
–68,2
115, 4 0,
1 5, –(207–408) 15, ,
w[208_207]=3 0 111 0, ( ,35 02 3 115 4 0 3 0 3 02 2 2 2 2, , , , , ) =5,962 ;
w[208_207]=0+0+0,575–2,0–0–0=–1,425 ;
[208_207]= w[208_207]+w
[208_207]=
[208_207]/2=–1,425+2,981=+1,556 ;
w[208_207]–w
[208_207] =[208_207] –
[208_207]/2=–1,425–2,618=–4,406 ;
w[208_207]=0,0–(–1,425)=1,425 ;
8,2–(207–408), (207+408)=85,975 .
2 981, , (207+408)=85,975
1,425=+86+64–202,8+208,4–6
[208=207]=1,425 =04 4061 556,,
1 5, .
[208=207]=1,4 4 4061 556,,
=–0,025 2 981, .. (207+408)=86 15,
8. [37=36]=–(36–307)15,
+0 0 5, –68,2
w[37_36]=3
15, +208,4 4 0, –202,8 115, +64 0 15, +25,550 37,
,
0 111 15 10 3 0 4 0 115 0 3 0 372 2 2 2 2, , , , ) =5,458 ;
–2,0+0,575+0+0,185=–1,99 ;
2 2, ( , , ,
w[37_36]=–0,75+0–0
[37_36]= w[37_36]+w
[37_36]=
[37_36]/2=–1,99+2,729=+0,739 ;
w[37_36]–w[3736]/2=–1,99–2,729=–4,719 ;
[37_36] =[37_36]min+w[37_36]/2– w[37_36]==1,6+2,729–(–1,99)=6,319 ;
6,319=–(36–307)+0–68,2+208,4–202,8+64+25,55; (36+307)=20,631 .
: (36+307)=20,615,
; 2(36+3 0,
307)=41,2 .
[37_36]min=1,6+0,031=1,631; [37_36]max=1,631+5,458=7,089 .
9. [27=26]=–(26–207)1 5,
–86 15, –68,2 15, +208,4 4 0, –202,8 115, +
+64 +860 15, 0 175, +25,550 37,
,
0 111 15 3 3 4 15 0 3 0 352 3 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , )w[27_26]=3 1 0 372 , , =6,158 ;
w[27_26]= +0+0 85=–1,99 ;
[27_
–0,75–0–0–2,0+0,575+0 ,1
26]= w[27_ w[27_26]/2=–1,99+3 9=+ ,026]+ ,07 1 89 ;
[27_26]= w[27_26]–w[27_26]/2=–1,99–3,079=–5,069 ;
[27_26] =[27_26]min+w[27_26]/2– w[27_26]=1,6+3,079–(–1,99)=6,669 ;
6,669 – .=–(26–207)–86 68,2+208,4–202,8+64+86+25,55; (26+207)=20,281
: (26+207)=20,2515,
; 2(26+207)=40,53 0,
.
[27_26]min=1,6+0,031=1,631; [37_36]max=1,631+6,158=7,789 .
. . 226).
, [27=26] [37=36] () -
. 6.5.9 (
030 ( . . 134, . 223) :
w[27_26]=6,158; w[37_36]=5,458 ,
- 388 -
- 388 -
[27_26]min=[37_36]min=1,631
w
(), -
. 6.5.10
6.5.10
.---------------------------------------------------------------------. | | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | . |---- - -|| | . | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 28 27 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | = 38 37 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | + 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | + 37 308 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(37 308) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | = 27 26 1,600 15,270 8,435 6,835 0,000 | | = 37 36 1,600 12,920 7,265 5,660 0,000 | | = 208 207 0,000 5,900 –5,900 0,000 5,900 | | = 308 307 0,000 4,725 –4,725 0,000 4,725 | | = 17 18 1,600 3,210 2,405 0,805 0,000 | | + 17 58 202,750 0,000 –1,150 202,175 0,575 | | = 58 57 1,600 6,750 4,175 2,575 0,000 | | + 26 207 16,550 1,500 0,000 17,300 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 33,100 3,000 0,000 34,600 1,500 | | + 36 307 17,725 1,500 0,000 18,475 0,750 | | + 2(36 307) 35,450 3,000 0,000 36,950 1,500 | | + 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,000 1,500 | | + 408 57 68,175 1,500 –1,500 68,175 1,500 | | + 17 57 208,350 0,000 –4,000 206,350 2,000 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’ 6.5.2.1.4
- [28_27]min=[37_38]min=0,08
[28=27] [37=38] . 386.
. 6.135, .
7
:
[27_26]max=7,789; w[37_36]max=7,089 .
..
- .
1 -. 1
| | | || | |-----------------------------------------|| .| | . | | - ------ --| | | . | | |
., . 386.
( .225) :
[27_26]min=[36_37]min=[97_98]min=[108_107min]=1,6 .
4. [108=107]=+(98–10 0 87, –104 0 35, ,)
w[108_107]=0,87+0,35=1,22, w[28_27]/2=0,61 ;
[108_107] =[108_107]min+w[108_107]/2– w[108_107]=
2,47=+(98–10 6,5 .
.
=1,6+0,61–(–0,435+0,175)=2,47 ;
7)–104; (98+107)=106,47. (98+107)=10 0 87,
(98+107) 0,03 .
- 389 -
5. [97=98]=–106,5 +(97–107) ,0 87, 3 0,
w[97_98]=0,87+3,0=3,87; w[28_27]/2=1,935 ;
[97_98] =[97_98]min+w[97_98]/2– w[97_98]=1,6+1,935–(+0,435–1,5)=4,6 ;
4,6=+106,5–(97–107); (97+107)=111,1. (97+107)=111,1 3 0, .
6. [208=207]=+56 0 15, –106,5 +111,1 3 0, –(97–207) 15, ,0 87,
w[208_207]=0,3+0,87+3,0+3,0=7,17; w[208_207]/2=3,585 ;
w[208_207]=0+0,435–1,5–0=–1,065 ;
[208_207]= w[208_207]+w[208_207]/2=–1,065+3,585=+2,520 ;
[208_207]= w[208_207]–w[208_207]/2=–1,065–3,585=–4,650 ;
[208_207] =[208_207] – w[208_207]=0,0–(–1,065)=1,065 ;
1,065=+56–106,5+111,1–(97–207); (97+207)=59,535 .
[208=207]=1,0652 52,
=0 3 585, , (97+207)=59,535 15, .
1,03
4 65,
- 389 -
(97+207)=59,5 15, . [208=207]= 4 65, =–0,035 .2 52,
3 585,
7. [308=307]=+56 0 15, –106,5 0 87, +111,1 3 0, –(97–408) 15, –0 0 5, ,
w[308_307]=3 0 1, 11 0 3 3 0 3 0 102 2 2 2( , , , , ) =4,454 ;
w[308_307]=0+0,435–1,5–0+0=–1,065 ;
[308_307]= w[308_307]+w[308_307]/2=–1,065+2,227=+1,162 ;
[308_307]= w[308_307]–w[308_307]/2=–1,065–2,227=–3,292 ;
[308_307] =[308_307] – w[308_307]=0,0–(–1,065)=1,065 ;
.1162,
1,065=+56–106,5+111,1–(97–408)+0; (97+408)=59,535
[308=307]=1,065 3 292, =0 2 227, , (97+408)=59,535 15, .
(97+408)=59,5 . [308=307]=1,0315, 3 29, 211
=–0,035 .
8. [36=37]=+
62,2 227,
25,55 +560 37, 15,
,0 15, – 0 87, +111,1 3 0, –9106,5 5,5 15, –0 0 5, –(307–36)
0 111 0 37 0 3 0 87 3 3 0 102 2 2 2 3 2, ( , , , , , ) =4,716w[36_37]=3 0 152, , ;
+0,435–1,5–0–0–0,75=–1,63
[36_37] =[36_37]min+w[36_37]/2–
w[36_37]=+0,185+0 ;
w[36 37]=1,6 58_ +2,3 –(–1,63)=5,588 ;
5,588=+25,55+56–106,5+111,1–59,5–0–(307–36); (307+36)=21,062 .
: (36+307)=20,0515,
; 2 3 0,(36+307)=40,1 .
9. [27=26]=–(26–207)15,
+59,5 –111,1 +106,5 –5615, 3 0, 0 87, 0 15, +25,55
w[27_26]=3
0 37,,
0 111 15 3 0 3 0 0 87 0 3 0 372 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , ) =4,608 ;
w[27_26]=–0,75+0+1,5–0,435–0+0,185=+0,5 ;
[27_26] =[27_26]min+w[27_26]/2– w[27_26]=1,6+2,304–(+0,5)=3,404 ;
- 390 -
- 390 -
3,404=–(26–207)+59,5–111,1+106,5–56+25,55; (26+207)=21,046 .
+207)=21,0515,
; 2(26+207)=42,1 3 0,: (26 .
. 6.5.11 ( . . 228). . 6.5.12 -
- .
6.5.12 2 -
. 1 .---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -| | | | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 28 27 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | = 37 38 0,800 0,600 0,340 0,260 0,000 | | + 27 208 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(27 208) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | + 308 37 25,550 0,370 0,000 25,735 0,185 | | + 2(308 37) 51,100 0,740 0,000 51,475 0,370 | | = 108 107 1,630 2,850 2,240 0,610 0,030 | | = 97 98 1,600 5,479 3,535 1,935 0,000 | | = 27 26 1,600 10,640 6,120 4,520 0,000 | | = 36 37 1,600 11,640 6,620 5,020 0,000 | | + 98 107 106,470 0,000 –0,870 106,035 0,435 | | = 208 207 0,000 3,585 –3,585 0,000 3,585 | | = 308 307 0,000 4,085 –4,085 0,000 4,085 | | + 26 207 18,865 1,500 0,000 19,115 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 37,720 3,000 0,| + 307 36 18,865 1,500 0,000 19,115 0,750 | | + 2(307 36) 37,720 3,000 0,000 38,230 1,500 | | + 97 107 111,070 0,000 –3,000 109,570 1,500 | | + 97 207 59,535 1,500 –1,500 59,535 1,500 | | + 97 408 59,535 1,500 –1,500 59,537 1,500 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
3)
-
-.
--.-
010 015. - 1
. 6.134 . 6.129 6.130 ( . .222), . 6.136 6.137 -
2 -. 1 2 -
. 6.138, . 6.127 ( . . 221) 030 . 6.133.
000 38,230 1,500 |
6.5.2.1.5 6.5.2.1.5.1. 1. 2
. 6.134 ( . . 22 [308=307] ,
[37=36] [27=26].
(17–57) (408–57) 4 3
. 6.136. 010 ,
w[308_307]
. 6.137. 015
,
- 391 -
- 391 -
. 6.138 2…5 .
(27+208), (37+308), (18+57)=(17+58)
.
. 6.134
(17+57) . 6.5.9 ( . . 226).
6 9
. 6.138. 1. 2
:
6. [308=307]=+(308+58) 0 15, –(18+58 +(18+57) –) 0 46, 115,
–(408–57) 15, +(408+307) 0 5, =
=+64 0 15, –200 0 46, +202,8 115, –(408–57) 15, +0 0 5, ,
0 111 0 3 0 46 115 3 0 102 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , ) =3,41 ;w[308_307]=3
w[308_307]=0+0,23–0,575–0+0=–0,345 ;
[308_307]= w[308_307]+w[308_307]/2=–0,345+1,705=+1,36 ;
[308_307]= w[308_307]–w[308_307]/2=–0,345–1,705=–2,05 ;
- 392 -
- 392 -
[308_307] =[308_307] – w[308_307]=0,0–(–0,345)=0,345 ;
0,345=+64–200+202,8–(408–57)+0; (408+57)=66,455 .
[308=307]=0,345 =02 05136,,
1 705, , (408+57)=66,455 15, .
(408+57)=66,5 15, . [308=307]=0,3 2 05136,,
=–0,045 .
7. [208=207]=+86 +64 –200 +202,8 –66,5
1 705,
0 175, 0 15, 0 46, 115, 1 5, –(207–408)
w[208_207]=3
15, ,
0 111 0 35 0 3 0 46 115 3 0 3 02 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , ) =4,444 ;
w[208_207]=0+0+0,23–0,575–0–0=–0,345 ;
[208_207]= w[208_207]+w[208_207]/2=–0,345+2,222=+1,877 ;
[208_207]= w[208_207]–w[208_207]/2=–0,345–2,222=–2,567 ;
[208_207] =[208_207] – w[208_207]=0,0–(–0,345)=0,345 ;
0,345=+86+64–200+202,8–66,5–(2 85,955 .
[208=207]=0,345 =0 ,
07–408); (207+408)=
2 5671877,,
2 222 , (207+408)=85,955 15, .
[208=207]=0,3 2 5671877,,
=–0,045 2 222, . (207+408)=86 .15,
8. [37=36]=–(36–307)
.
15,+0 –66,5 + +64 +25,55
w[37_36]=3
0 5, 15, 202,8 –2000 37,
0 15, ,115, 0 46,
0 111 15 10 3 0 115 0 46 0 3 0 372 2 2 2, , , , ) =3,744 ;2 2 2, ( , , ,
w[37_36]=–0,75+0–0–0,5
[37_36]=
75+0,23+0+0,185=–0,91 ;
w[37_36]+w[37_
[37_36]=
36]/2=–0,91+1,872=+0,962 ;
w[37_36]–w[37_36]/2=–0,91–1,872=–2,782
[37_36] =[37_36]min+w[37_36]/2–
;
w[37_36]=1,6+1,872–(–0,91)=4,382 ;
4,382=–(36–307)+0–66,5+202,8–20
: (36+307)=21,45
0+64+25,55; (36+307)=21,468 .
15,; 2(36+307)=42,9 3 0, .
[37_36]min=1,6+0,018=1,618;[37_36]max=1,618+3,744=5,362 ;
[37_36] =(1,618+5,362)/2=3,49 .
9. [27=26]=–(26–207) 15, –86 15, –66,5 15, +202,8 –200 +115, 0 46,
+64 15, +86 0 175, +25,550 37,
,
0 111 15 3 3 115 0 46 0 3 0 35 0 372 2 2 2 2 2 2 2, ( , , , , , , ) =4,704 ;w[27_26]=3
w[27_26]=–0,75–0–0–0,575+0,23+0+0+0,185=–0,91 ;
[27_26]= w[27_26]+w[27_26]/2=–0,91+2,352=+1,442 ;
- 393 -
[27_26]= w[27_26]–w[27_26]/2=–0,91–2,352=–3,262 ;
[27_26] =[27_26]min+w[27_26]/2– w[27_26]=1,6+2,352–(–0,91)=4,862 ;
4,862=–(26–207)–86–66,5+202,8–200+64+86+25,55; (26+207)=20,988 .
15, 3 0,: (26+207)=21 ; 2(26+207)=42 .
[27_26]min=1,6–0,012=1,588; [27_26]max=1,588+4,704=6,292 .
1 2 . 6.5.13.
6.5.13
-------------------------------.
|
---+--------+-----+------+-------|
2,177 –2,267 –0,045 2,222 || = 308 307 0,000 1,660 –1,750 –0,045 1,705 | | + 26 207 21,000 1,500 0,000 21,750 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 42,000 3,000 0,000 43,500 1,500 | | + 36 307 21,450 1,500 0,000 22,200 0,750 | | + 2(36 307) 43,900 3,000 0,000 44,400 1,500 | | + 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,000 1,500 | | + 408 57 66,500 1,500 –1,500 66,500 1,500 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’6.5.2.1.5.2. 1. 3
. 6.134 6.138 ( . 223 391) [308=307] -.
.. 221) , -
[308
--
)
6. [308=307]=+(308+58) –(17+58) +(17–408)
1. 2 .--------------------------------------| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | - | . | .| | -|| | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+-----| = 27 26 1,588 6,292 3,820 2,352 –0,012 | | = 37 36 1,618 5,362 3,490 1,872 0,018 || = 208 207 0,000
. 6.127 (. 6.139 ( . . 394), =307] .
3 1 . 6.139 . 6.140 ( . . 394).
(409+309) , [408=308]
:
[408=308]=+(308+58) 0 15, –(17–58) 115, +(17–408) 115, ;
w[408_308]=0,3+1,15+3=4,45 .
. 6.140 2…5 . 6.134.
(27+208), (37+308),(17+58) (17+57. 6.5.9 ( . . 226).
6 9 .
:
15, 115, 1 5, +(408+307) =0 5,
=+64 0 15, –202,8 +(17–408) 15, +0 0 5, ;115,
- 393 -
- 394 -
7. [208=207]=86 0 175, +64 0 15, –202,8 +(17–408) 15, –(207–408) 15, ;115,
1 5,+0 0 5, +(17–408) 15, –202,8 115, +64 0 15, +25,55 ;
0 37,8. [37=36]=–(36–307)
9. [27=26]=–(26–207)15,
–(207–408) 15, +(17–408) 15, –
0 37,–202,8 115, +64 0 15, +86 0 175, +25,55 .
. 6.5.14.
. 6.139. . 6.140. 1. 3
6.5.14
1.
3 ( )
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | |-----------------------------------------| | | | | | - | . | .| | -|| | .| | . | . | | -|--------------|| | | | . | . | | | | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 27 26 1,600 6,282 3,941 2,341 0,000 | | = 37 36 1,600 5,315 3,457 1,857 0,000 | | = 208 207 0,000 2,210 –2,210 0,000 2,210 | | = 308 307 0,000 2,725 –2,725 0,000 2,725 | | + 26 207 21,044 1,500 0,000 21,794 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 42,088 3,000 0,000 43,588 1,500 | | + 36 307 21,528 1,500 0,000 22,278 0,750 | | + 2(36 307) 43,056 3,000 0,000 44,556 1,500 | | + 207 408 86,000 1,500 –1,500 86,000 1,500 | | + 17 408 138,175 1,500 –1,500 138,175 1,500 | - 394 -
‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
- 395 -
- 395 -
--
. . 6.131
.6.141 6.142,
6.5.15
.---------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | | | | | ------|| | ||--+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+------+-------|| = 27 26 1,600 5,115 3,358 1,758 0,000 |
-
--
-
6.5.2.1.5.3. 2.
2
1 2 ( .. 6.138, . 391),
010 015,
. 6.141. . 6.142. 02 020 025 (0 025
6.132, . 222).
. 6.143 ( . . 396).
. 6.5.15.
2 . 2
| | |-----------------------------------------| | - | . | .| | -|.| | . | . | | -|-------- | | . | . | | | |
| = 36 37 1,600 5,255 3,427 1,827 0,000 | | = 208 207 0,000 2,260 –2,260 0,000 2,260 | | = 308 307 0,000 1,656 –1,656 0,000 1,656 | | + 26 207 21,627 1,500 0,000 22,377 0,750 | | + 2(26 207) 43,254 3,000 0,000 44,754 1,500 | | + 307 36 21,558 1,500 0,000 22,308 0,750 | | + 2(307 36) 43,116 3,000 0,000 44,616 1,500 | | + 97 207 58,210 1,500 –1,500 58,210 1,500 | | + 97 408 58,210 1,500 –1,500 59,210 1,500 | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------’
6.5.2.1.5.4. ,
1 3, ( . . 6.139, . 394),
2 3.
. 6.135 ( . . 225), (97–207) (97–408)
(207–107) (408–107) . 6.139.
2 3 . 6.144 ( . . 396).
,- [27=26] [36=37].
2(49+409) 2(39=309).
(409_309)=1 ,.
- 396 -
- 396 -
. 6.144. 2. 3 . 6.143. 2. 2
- 397 -
- 397 -
,19
-
-
,19
-
,19
,19
-
/ -
-
,.
,9
,19
,
,. -
.-
-tio
1. . . . — .:69. — 560 . 2. . .. — .: , 1984. — 272 ., .
3. . . . — .:, 1950. — 560 .
4. . ., . . . — .:81. — 192 . 5. . .
. — .: , 1975. — 221 . 6. . . . — .:53. — 207 . 7. . . . — .:73. . 1. — 114 . . 2. — 121 . 8. . . .
/ . . , . . , . . . — :- , 1979. — 111 .
9. . . .. . , . . , . . , . . .
. — 1984. — N5. — . 44—47. 10. . .
. — .: , 1958. — 196 . 11. / . . , . .
. . — .: , 1982. — 264 . 12. . .
: . — : -1 81. — 80 .
13. . ., . .—4: / . . . . — : -
84. — 52 . 14.
. . "", " " / . .
. , . . , . . ; . . . . . — .:, 1988. — 352 .: .
15. . ., . .. — .: , 1980. — 110 .
16. - . 2 / . . .. . — .: , 1985. — .1. — 656 .
17. . . ,. — .: , 1979. — 344 .
18. Thomas J. Drosda. "Pre-prove" your process? Test it with a tolerance chart. Producn on January 1978, p. 70…74.
- 398 -
- 398 -
.--------------------------------------------------------------------------.||||-------------+---+--+---+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----|||-------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------|||-------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------|| 250... 315 | 23 32 52 81 |0,130 0,21 0,32 0,52 0,80 1,30 2,1 3,2 5,2 | | 315... 400 | 25 36 57 89 |0,140 0,23 0,36 0,57 0,90 1,40 2,3 3,6 5,7 | | 400... 500 | 27 40 63 97 |0,155 0,25 0,40 0,63 0,97 1,55 2,5 4,0 6,3 | | 500... 630 | 30 44 70 110 |0,175 0,28 0,44 0,70 1,10 1,75 2,8 4,4 7,0 | | 630... 800 | 35 50 80 125 |0,200 0,32 0,50 0,80 1,25 2,00 3,2 5,0 8,0 | | 800...1000 | 40 56 90 140 |0,230 0,36 0,56 0,90 1,40 2,30 3,6 5,6 9,0 | | 1000...1250 | 46 66 105 165 |0,260 0,42 0,66 1,05 1,65 2,60 4,2 6,6 10,5 | | 1250...1600 | 54 78 125 195 |0,310 0,50 0,78 1,25 1,95 3,10 5,0 7,8 12,5 | | 1600...2000 | 65 92 150 230 |0,370 0,60 0,92 1,50 3,30 3,70 6,0 9,2 15,0 | ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------------’
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.||| | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |------------+----+---+---+----+-----+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+----|| ||------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------|| | |------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------------||2000... 2500| 77 110 175 280 | 0,44 0,70 1,10 1,75 2,8 4,4 7,0 11,0 17,5| |2500... 3150| 93 135 210 330 | 0,54 0,86 1,35 2,10 3,3 5,4 8,6 13,5 21,0| |3150... 4000| 115 165 260 410 | 0,66 1,05 1,65 2,60 4,1 6,6 10,5 16,5 26,0| |4000... 5000| 140 200 320 500 | 0,80 1,30 2,00 3,20 5,0 8,0 13,0 20,0 32,0| |5000... 6300| 170 250 400 620 | 0,98 1,55 2,50 4,00 6,2 9,8 15,5 25,0 40,0| |6300... 8000| 215 310 490 760 | 1,20 1,95 3,10 4,00 7,6 12,0 19,5 31,0 49,0| |8000...10000| 270 380 600 940 | 1,50 2,40 3,80 6,00 9,4 15,0 24,0 38,0 60,0| ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
1 " " " "
1.1. 250
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | .|09 |1 |2 | 2 | - | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | | |----+---+--+--+---+------+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----|| | | 1 |2 |2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |-----------+---+--+--+---+------+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----|| | 5 |6 |7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------|| ., | , | , | |-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------|| 3 | 4 6 10 14 | 0,025 0,040 0,06 0,10 0,14 0,25 0,40 0,60 1,0 | | 3... 6 | 5 8 12 18 | 0,030 0,048 0,07 0,12 0,18 0,30 0,48 0,75 1,2 | | 6... 10 | 6 9 15 22 | 0,036 0,058 0,09 0,15 0,22 0,36 0,58 0,90 1,5 | | 10... 18 | 8 11 18 27 | 0,043 0,070 0,11 0,18 0,27 0,43 0,70 1,10 1,8 | | 18... 30 | 9 13 21 33 | 0,052 0,084 0,13 0,21 0,33 0,52 0,84 1,30 2,1 | | 30... 50 | 11 16 25 39 | 0,062 0,100 0,16 0,25 0,39 0,62 1,00 1,60 2,5 | | 50... 80 | 13 19 30 46 | 0,074 0,120 0,19 0,30 0,46 0,74 1,20 1,90 3,0 | | 80...120 | 15 22 35 54 | 0,087 0,140 0,22 0,35 0,54 0,87 1,40 2,20 3.5 | | 120...180 | 18 25 40 63 | 0,100 0,160 0,25 0,40 0,63 1,00 1,60 2,50 4,0 | | 180...250 | 20 29 46 72 | 0,115 0,185 0,29 0,46 0,72 1,15 1,85 2,90 4,6 | ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------------’
1.2. 2000
| . |09 |1 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |------+---+--+---+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+---+---+-----| | | 1 |2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | | 5 |6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |15 |16 | 17 |
, | , | , |
1.3. 10000
| . | 09 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 ||------+----+---+---+----+-----+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+----|
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 , | , | ,
- 399 -
- 399 -
.-----------------------. .-----------------------. .-----------------------. |RA5|RA10|RA20|RA40|RA80| |RA5|RA10|RA20|RA40|RA80| |RA5|RA10|RA20|RA40|RA80| |---+----+----+----+----| |---+----+----+----+----| |---+----+----+----+----| |1,0 1,0 1,0 1,00 | | 2,2 | | 4,8 4,9| | 1,05 | | 2,4 | | 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,2| | 1,1 1,10 | |2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 | | 5,3 5,5| | 1,15 1,25| | 2,6 2,7| | 5,6 5,6 5,8| | 1,2 1,2 1,20 1,35| | 2,6 2,7| | 6,0 6,2| | 1,30 1,45| | 2,8 2,8 2,9| |6,3 6,3 6,3 6,3 6,5| | 1,4 1,40 1,55| | 3,0 3,1| | 6,7 6,7| | 1,50 1,62| | 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,3| | 7,1 7,1 7,3| |1,6 1,6 1,6 1,60 1,75| | 3,4 3,5| | 7,5 7,8| | 1,70 1,85| | 3,6 3,6 3,7| | 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,2| | 1,8 1,80 1,95| | 3,8 3,9| | 8,5 8,8| | 1,90 2,05| |4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,1| | 9,0 9,0 9,0| | 2,0 2,0 2,00 2,15| | 4,2 4,4| | 9,5 9,8| | 2,10 2,30| | 4,5 4,5 4,6| | 10 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,2| |---+-----+---+----+----| |---+----+----+----+----| ‘-----------------------’
.-----------------------------------. .-----------------------------------. ||-----------+-----------+-----------| |-----------+-----------+-----------| ||-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| | 0 | 00 | 0 | 00 | 0 | 15 | | 30 | 00 | 30 | 00 | 35 | 00 | | | | 0 | 30 | 0 | 45 | | | | 40 | 00 | 50 | 00 | | | | 1 | 00 | 1 | 30 | | 45 | 00 | 45 | 00 | 55 | 00 | | | | 2 | 00 | 2 | 30 | | | | | | 65 | 00 | | | | 3 | 00 | | | | 60 | 00 | 60 | 00 | 70 | 00 | | | | 4 | 00 | | | | | | 75 | 00 | 80 | 00 | | | | 2 | 00 | | | | | | | | 85 | 00 | | 5 | 00 | 5 | 00 | | | | 90 | 00 | 90 | 00 | 100 | 00 | | | | 6 | 00 | | | | | | | | 110 | 00 | | | | 7 | 00 | | | | 120 | 00 | 120 | 00 | 135 | 00 | | | | 8 | 00 | 9 | 00 | | | | | | 150 | 00 | | | | 10 | 00 | 12 | 00 | | | | | | 165 | 00 | | 15 | 00 | 15 | 00 | 18 | 00 | | | | | | 180 | 00 | | 20 | 00 | 20 | 00 | 22 | 00 | | | | | | 270 | 00 | | | | | | 25 | 00 | | | | | | 360 | 00 | |-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| ‘-----------------------------------’
2 6636-69 ( 514-77). ,
R 5 — ; RA80 — .
10, 100 . .
3 8908-81.
1 | 2 | 3 | | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
— ; — . 1 2, 2 — 3.
4 8908-81. .---------------------------------------------------.| | | | |.----------------------..-------------.| | || | | || || |-----------||------+------+--------||-------------||| 1 : 500 || 0 | 06 | 52,5 || 0,0020000 || |-----------||------+------+--------||-------------||| 1 : 200 || 0 | 17 | 11,3 || 0,0050000 || |-----------||------+------+--------||-------------||| 1 : 100 || 0 | 34 | 22,6 || 0,0100000 || |-----------||------+------+--------||-------------||| 1 : 55 || 1 | 08 | 44,7 || 0,0199971 || |-----------||------+------+--------||-------------||| 1 : 20 || 2 | 51 | 44,7 || 0,0499585 || |-----------||------+------+--------||-------------||| 1 : 10 || 2 | 42 | 38,1 || 0,0996685 || ‘---------------------------------------------------’
— ; — ; — ; —
- 400 -
- 400 -
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ., |Rz, || | | | | | | | | | | |
.------------------------------------. .------------------------------------. | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | |----------------+---------+---------| |----------------+---------+---------| | || | | 00|| 00||||||||||----------------+---------+---------| ‘------------------------------------’
.-------------------------------------. .-----------------------------------. | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | |-----------------+---------+---------| |-----------------+---------+-------| ||||||||||| | 15...30 | 25...50 | | . |0,8...3,2| 3...5 | | .: | 30...50 | 40...50 | | . |0,05..0,4| 3...5 | | ||-----------------+---------+---------| ‘-----------------------------------’
5
2789-73 —
.-- -.--------------------. .----------------------. .---------------------|Ra, |Rz, | | ., |Ra, |Rz, | | ., |Ra,
|--------+------+------| |--------+------+------| |--------+------+------| | 1 | 80,0 | 320,0| | 5 | 3,2 *|12,5 *| | 10 |0,125 |0,5 | | | 63,0 | 250,0| | 6 | 2,5 |10,0 | | |0,100*|0,4 *| | | 50,0*| 200 *| | | 2,0 | 8,0 | | 11 |0,080 |0,32 | | 2 | 40,0 | 160,0| | | 1,6 *| 6,3 *| | |0,063 |0,25 | | | 32,0 | 125,0| | 7 | 1,25 | 5,0 | | |0,050*|0,20 *| | | 25,0*| 100 *| | | 1,00 | 4,0 | | 12 |0,040 |0,16 | | 3 | 20,0 | 80,0| | | 0,80*| 3,2 *| | |0,032 |0,125 | | | 16,0 | 63,0| | 8 | 0,63 | 2,2 | | |0,025*|0,100*| | | 12,5*| 50 *| | | 0,50 | 2,0 | | 13 |0,020 |0,080 | | 4 | 10,0 | 40,0| | | 0,40*| 1,6 *| | |0,016 |0,063 | | | 8,0 | 32,0| | 9 | 0,32 | 1,25 | | |0,012*|0,050*| | | 6,3*| 25 *| | | 0,25 | 1,00 | | 14 |0,010 |0,040 | | 5 | 5,0 | 20,0| | | 0,20*| 0,80*| | |0,008 |0,032 | | | 4,0 | 16,0| | 10 | 0,16 | 0,63 | | | |0,025*| |--------+------+------| |--------+------+------| ‘----------------------’ * — . ., —
6
Rz Df 6.1.
. | Rz, | Df, | | . | Rz, | Df, |
: | | | | |300...500|400...600 | 40...100|100...200| | : | || | | | . |100...250|200...4.3| 10...40 | 80...150| | . | 80...200|150..: | | | | : | | | | 20...80 |150...250| | : | | | |100...200|100...300| | . | 80...150|100...150| | 10...40 | 80...150| | . | 50...100| 80...150|-| | | | | 40...80 | 50...100|| | | | |100...300|100...150| |100...500|200...600| | |100...300|100...150| | 80...300|150...400| | . | 80...160|100...150|
6.2.
| Rz, | Df, | | | Rz, |Df, |
: | 80...160| 50...100| | .: .| 10...20 |15...25|| 30...50 | 40...60 | | | 6...10 | 5...10|| 15...25 | 20...30 | | . |3,2...6,3| 4...10| | 6...10 | 10...20 | | .: | 20...50 |40...60|.: .| 80...150|100...150| | |3,2...6,3|10...30|.| 15...25 | 20...30 | | .: | 20...40 |30...50|.: .| 80...150| 80...100| | | 5...10 |15...25|| 20...50 | 40...60 | | |1,3...3,5| 5...10| |3,2...6,3| 10...30 | | | 1...3 | 3...6 |.: | 80...150| 50...100| | .|0,2...0,8| 3...5 |
| 20...30 | 35...40 | | |0,05..0,4| 2...3
- 401 -
- 401 -
| | |.| Rz | Ra | )| 80 |.260|.500| 500|
| | | | | | | | | | | ||| || - | | | |
7
,.-----------------------------------------------------------------.| | , | | | |-----------------| , | | | .| .| | |-----------------------------------+--------+--------+-----------|| | 0,20 | 2,50 | 0,400 | | | 0,10 | 0,50 | 0,100 | | | 0,20 | 2,00 | 0,150 | | | 0,20 | 1,50 | 0,100 | | | 0,10 | 0,50 | 0,050 | | | 0,01 | 0,07 | 0,020 | | | 0,04 | 0,20 | 0,050 | | | 0,03 | 0,15 | 0,020 | | | 0,10 | 0,60 | 0,030 | | | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0,010 | | | 0,02 | 0,06 | 0,015 | | | 0,02 | 0,07 | 0,005 | | | 0,02 | 0,05 | 0,005 | ‘-----------------------------------------------------------------’
8
10% .------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | - | | | - | | | ,|---------------------------|| | | | | -| , | | | | |---------| |-------------------|| | | | | |( - | |80..|260.| .||----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| - | | | | | | | | | | | - | |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,30|0,40|0,50|0,70| | | - | | | | | | | | | | | |2| 10 |2,5 | 10 |0,12|0,20|0,25|0,30| |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| - | | | | | | | | | | | | |1| 40 | 10 | 8...9 |0,08|0,10|0,12|0,15| | | - | | | | | | | | | | | |2| 5 |1,25| 6...7 |0,04|0,06|0,08|0,10| |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| - | |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,25|0,30|0,35|0,45| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2| 10 |2,5 | 8...9 |0,07|0,10|0,12|0,18| |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| | - |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,25|0,30|0,35|0,40| | | |2| 10 |2,5 | 10 |0,15|0,17|0,30|0,25| | - |---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----| | - | , |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,30|0,35|0,40|0,45| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2| 10 |2,5 | 11 |0,20|0,25|0,30|0,35| | |---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----| | | , |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,12|0,17|0,20|0,25| | | | | | | | | | | | | | . |2| 10 |2,5 | 10 |0,08|0,10|0,12|0,15| |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| | | | | | | | | | | | | |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,25|0,30|0,35|0,40|
- | |2| 10 |2,5 | 11 |0,12|0,17|0,20|0,25| |---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|, |1| 80 | 20 |12...13|0,15|0,20|0,25|0,30| - | | | | | || | |2| 10 |2,5 | 10 |0,08|0,10|0,12|0,15| | |---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|
- 402 -
- 402 -
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |2| 10 |2,5 | 10 |0,15|0,20|0,25| - | |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| ,40|| ,25||----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| ,30|| 10|0,12||----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| | | - | | | | - | |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| - | | | | - | | |---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----| | | | - | | --|| | | - | | | | |---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----| | | | - | | | |----------+---------------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| - | | | | - | | --|| - | | | | - | | --|
8
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.------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | --|| | | --|| | | | | |( - | |80..|260.| .|| | |.| Rz | Ra | )| 80 |.260|.500| 500| |------------------+-------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| ,40|| | | ,25|| 2|0,15||------------------+-------------+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| | | | | | | | | | | | 40|| | | 25|| 12|| | | | | | | | | | | |------------------+------------—+-+----+----+-------+----+----+----+----|| | | | | | | | | | | | 40|| 25|| --|| 20|| | |2| 10 |2,5 | 10 |0,08|0,10|0,12|0,15| | | | | | | | | | | | ‘------------------------------------------------------------------------’
10
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10%
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- 406 -
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13
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21
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,.--------------------------------------------------------------.| -| -| - | , | | -| -| |-----------------------------------| | .| | | 10 | 10...50 | 50...160 | |-----------+---+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| | | | 2,5...6,0 | 4...10 | 6...16 | | | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | .| 4...10 | 8...20 | 16...30 | | - | 1 |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | , | | .| 1,6...4,0 | 2,5...8,0 | 5...12 | | - | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | , | | | 20...30 | 25...30 | 40...60 | | - |---+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | | 1...4 | 2,5...8,0 | 6...12 | | | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | .| 1,6...4,0 | 2,5...6,0 | 4...10 | | | 2 |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | .| 0,8...2,5 | 1,6...4,0 | 2,5...5,0 | | | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | | 8...12 | 6...16 | 12...20 | |-----------+---+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| | | .| 2,5...6,0 | 4...10 | 6...12 | |- -| 1 |----------+-----------------------------------| | | | | + (2...4) | |-----------+---+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| | | | , | | | | |-----------------------------------| | | | |160...300 |300...600 | . 500 | |-----------+---+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| - | | | 10...25 | 20...40 | 20...100 | | , | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | - | | .| 20...50 | 30...60 | 50...160 | | , | 1 |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | - | | .| 8...16 | 10...20 | 16...40 | | | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | | 50...80 | 60...100 | 80...200 | |-----------+---+----------+-----------------------------------|| - | | | 10...20 | 16...25 | 20...60 | | , | |----------|-----------+-----------+-----------| | - | | .| 8...16 | 10...25 | 20...100 | | , | 2 |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | - | | .| 4...6 | 5...8 | 6...16 | | | |----------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | | 16...30 | 20...40 | 30...120 | |-----------+---+----------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| | | .| 10...20 | 16...40 | 30...50 | |- -| 1 |----------+-----------------------------------| | | | | + (2...4) | ‘-------------------------------------------------------
,,.----------------------------------------------------------------.| -| -| - | , | | -| -| |-----------------------------------| | .| | | 10 | 10...50 | 50...160 | |-----------+---+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| | | .| 0,6...1,6 | 1,2...4,0 | 2,6...6,0 | | - | |------------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | 1 | | 0,5...1,2 | 1,0...2,5 | 1,6...3,0 | | | |------------+-----------------------------------| | | | | | |-----------+---+------------------------------------------------|
- 411 -
- 411 -
) | |------------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | . | 1,6...2,5 | 2...3 | - | | | |------------+-----------------------------------|
| | | | | | | 4...16 | | | |
| || || | 50 |...120|...260|...500| 10 |...30|...50| 50 | |---------------------+------+------+------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| || ||---------------------+------+------+------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| ||---------------------+------+------+------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| , -| | | | |4...| 3...| 2...|1,5..| | || |‘------------------------------------------------------------------------’
22
.----------------------------------------------------------------.| -| -| - | , | | -| -| |-----------------------------------| | .| | |160...300 |300...600 | . 500 | |-----------+---+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|| - | | | | - | - | | | | | | |-----------+---+------------------------------------------------|| | | - | | | | | | | , - | 0,2...0,6 | 0,4...1,2 | 1,0...2,5 | | | - | | | | | |( ) | |------------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | . | 0,3...0,8 | 0,5...1,6 | 0,8...2,0 | | | |------------+-----------------------------------| | | | | | |-----------+---+------------+-----------------------------------|| | | .| 4...8 | 6...10 | 8...30 | | - | |------------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | 1 | | 2,5...5,0 | 3...6 | - | | | |------------+-----------------------------------| | | | | | |-----------+---+------------------------------------------------|| - | | | | - | - | | | | | | |-----------+---+------------------------------------------------|| | | - | | | | | | | , - | 1,6...4,0 | 2,5...6,0 | 4...16 | | | - | | | | | |(
| | | | | |-----------+---+------------+-----------------------------------| | - | | | , - | 1,6...4,0 | 2,5...6,0 - | | | | |( ) | |------------+-----------+-----------+-----------| | | | . | 1,6...2,5 | 2...3 | - | | | |------------+-----------------------------------| | | | | | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------’
23
,
.------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | . -|| | | - | | | , | , / | | | |----------------------| | | | | |---------------------------+---------------------- | | 50...|120...|260...| |10...|30...| .
| | | | | - |20...|15...|10... |+–1,00|+–1,50|+–2,00|+–2,50| - |...10|..5.0| ...3 |+–0,30|+–0,50|+–0,75|+–1,00| - | - | - | -
, |+–0,15|+–0,20|+–0,25|+–0,35|...2|..1,5| ...1|..0,7 | | | | | | | |
- 412 -
- 412 -
4
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| .|
-----|| | +–1,50 | +–2,00 | +–2,50 | +–3,00 | |---------------------------------+--------+--------+----------+----------|
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.|||||||||---------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|.|8||---------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| ..|1... | | || ||---------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| || || ||---------------------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| || |+–0,035|+–0,04 |+–0,05 |+–0,06|.0,5|..0,3|..0,2|..0,1| ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------------—’-
-
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| || || || || || || || | | 50 |...120 |...260 |...500| 10 |...30|...50| 50 | |------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| || || |--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|
2
,
| | |---------------------------------------| | | 50 |50...120| 120...260| 260...500| |---------------------------------+--------+--------+----------+-----
| | +–0,50 | +–0,70 | +–1,00 | +–1,50 | |---------------------------------+--------+--------+----------+----------|| | +–0,30 | +–0,50 | +–0,75 | +–1,00 | ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------------’
25
,,
| | . -| | | - | | | , / | | , |----------------------| | | | - |------------------------------+----------------------| | | 50... |120... |260...| |10...|30...| . | | 50 |...120 |...260 |...500| 10 |...30|...50| 50 | | | | | | |4...| 3...| 2...|1,5.| |+–0,50 |+–0,70 |+–0,80 |+–1,00|...2|..1,5| ...1|..0,
| | | | |2...|1.8..|1.5 |+–0,10 |+–0,15 |+–0,20 |+–0,25|.1,5|..1,6|..0,7|..0,5 | | | | | | | |- | | | | |1...|0,8..|0,6..|0,5.. |+–0,035|+–0,04 |+–0,05 |+–0,06|.0,7|..0,5|..0,4|..0,3 | | | | | | | | | | | | |0,8.|0,6..|0,4..|0,3..
.
18…30 .
:
, . . . . . 10…18 18…30 30…50 . 50
. . . . . . . . . . . . 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,6
26
,,
| | | . - | | | -- | | | , / | -| , |---------------------- | | |- | -|------------------------------+---------------------- | | | 50... | 120...|260...| |10...|30...| .
| - | | | | |3...| 2...| 1...|0,5.. | |+–0,40 |+–0,60 |+–0,70 |+–0,80|...2| ...1|..0,8|..0,3
- 413 -
- 413 -
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.| || || || || || || || | | 50 |...120 |...260 |...500| 10 |...30|...50| 50 | |------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|| | | | | | | | | | | | || || || || || |--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----| | || || || | | | | | | | | | | |------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----|
| | | | | | | | -| | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | ‘---------------------------------------------------------------------------’
-
-
60|..500|| || ||||||‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
26
| | | . - | | | -- | | | , / | -| , |---------------------- | | |- | -|------------------------------+---------------------- | | | 50... | 120...|260...| |10...|30...| .
| -|+–0,15 |+–0,20 |+–0,30 |+–0,40| - | - | - | -| | | | | | | | |-|--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+------ | | | | | | | | | | |+–0,05 |+–0,07 |+–0,10 |+–0,12| - | - | - | - | - | | | | | | | | | |+–0,03 |+–0,04 |+–0,05 |+–0,06| - | - | - | - | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | |+–0,02 |+–0,025|+–0,03 |+–0,04| - | - | - | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -|+–0,02 |+–0,03 |+–0,04 |+–0,05| - | - | - | - | | | | | || -|--------+-------+-------+-------+------+----+-----+-----+-----| |+–0,005|+–0,01 |+–0,015|+–0,02| - | - | - | - | | | | | | | | |
.
18…30 .
:
, . . . . . 10…18 18…30 30…50 . 50
. . . . . . . . . . 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,6
27
,
27.1. ( , )
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | |-----------------------------------------------| | | , | | |-----------------------------------------------| | | |50...|120..|260..| |50...|120..|260..| | | 50 |..120|..260|..500| 50 |..120|..2|----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|: . .| 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 100 | 120 | 150 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 150 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 50 | 80 | 100 | 120 | . . . | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 100 | 120 | 150 | 200 | | 200 | 300 | 440 | 500 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 150 | : | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 50 | 90 | 100 | 120 | | 50 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 30 | 50 | 80 | 100 |
- 414 -
- 414 -
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.|||
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|| : . .| 250 | 320 | 400 | 500 | 80 | 90 | 120 | 150 |
|----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|||----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|||----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|||‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.|||
| 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | -----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|| | | | | | | | | | | 0 | 80 | |----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|||‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.|||||-------------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+------+------|| - | | | | | | | | | | - | | 0,70 | 0,85 | 1,00 | 1,25 | 1,45 | | -+------|||||-------------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+------+------|||||||||
-
27.2. ( , )
| | | |-----------------------------------------------| | , | | |-----------------------------------------------| | | |50...|120..|260..| |50...|120..|260..| | | 50 |..120|..260|..500| 50 |..120|..260|..500| |----------------------+-----+| | 160 | 250 | 320 | 400 | 65 | 75 | 100 | 120 | | | 80 | 120 | 160 | 200 | 40 | 65 | 80 | 100 |
. . . | 250 | 320 | 400 | 500 | 80 | 90 | 120 | 150 | | 160 | 250 | 320 | 400 | 65 | 75 | 100 | 120 |
: | 80 | 120 | 160 | 200 | 40 | 65 | 80 | 100 | | 40 | 65 | 80 | 100 | 25 | 40 | 65 | 80 |
27.3. ( )
| | | |-----------------------------------------------| | , | | |-----------------------------------------------| | |10...|18...|30...|50...|10...|18...|30...|50...| | |...18|...30|...50|...80|...18|...30|...50|...80| |----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|| | | | | | | | | | ||----------- | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 50 | 60 | 7
| | | | | | | | | | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 |
28
(,
),
- | - | -| , | | | -|----------------------------------| | - | -| | 30...| 50...| 80...| . | | | | 30 | ...50| ...80| ..120| 120 |
,| |-----------+------+------+------+-----| | | 0,52 | 0,62 | 0,75 | 1,10 | 1,40 | | |-----------+------+------+------+------+------| | | | 0,34 | 0,40 | 0,42 | 0,45 | 0,50 | | | | | | | | | - | - | | 0,52 | 0,65 | 0,80 | 0,95 | 1,00 | - | - |-----------+------+------+------+------+------| | | | 0,40 | 0,45 | 0,55 | 0,85 | 0,90 | - | |-----------+------+------+------+------+------| , | | | 0,26 | 0,30 | 0,35 | 0,40 | 0,45 | - |---------+-----------+------+------+------+------+------| | | | | | | | | | - | | | 0,45 | 0,50 | 0,62 | 0,75 | 0,90 | | | |-----------+------+------+------+------+------| | |( ) | | 0,32 | 0,36 | 0,45 | 0,66 | 0,85 | | | |-----------+----- +------+------+------+------|
- 415 -
- 415 -
28
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.|||||-------------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+------+------|||-------------+---------+-----------+------+------+------+------+------|||||| | |-----------+------+------+------+------+------| |‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’-
0,35…0,5 .
||----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 120...180 | 0,025 | 0,030 | 0,030 | 0,030 | | 180...260 | 0,030 | 0,035 | 0,035 | 0,050 | | | | | | | |----------------------------------------------------------------------|| | |----------------------------------------------------------------------|| | | 18....50 | 0,007 | 0,008 | 0,010 | 0,015 | | 50....80 | 0,009 | 0,010 | 0,012 | 0,017 | | 80...120 | 0,011 | 0,012 | 0,014 | 0,019 | | 120...180 | 0,013 | 0,014 | 0,016 | 0,021 | | 180...260 | 0,015 | 0,016 | 0,018 | 0,023 | | | | | | | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
- | - | -| , | | | -|----------------------------------| | - | -| | 30...| 50...| 80...| . | | | | 30 | ...50| ...80| ..120| 120 | | | | 0,20 | 0,22 | 0,25 | 0,27 | 0,30 | | | | | | | | | | - | | 0,35 | 0,42 | 0,52 | 0,62 | 0,73 | | |-----------+------+------+------+------+------| | | | 0,26 | 0,31 | 0,38 | 0,56 | 0,69 | | | | 0,17 | 0,19 | 0,21 | 0,22 | 0,25 |
.
29
( ),
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| | , | | |------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | | 120 | 120...260 | 260...500 | 500...1200 | | | | | | | |----------------------------------------------------------------------| || 18 | 0,030 | 0,035 | - | - | | 18....50 | 0,045 | 0,050 | 0,060 | 0,080 | | 50....80 | 0,060 | 0,065 | 0,080 | 0,110 | | 80...120 | 0,070 | 0,075 | 0,090 | 0,130 | | 120...180 | 0,085 | 0,090 | 0,105 | 0,145 | | 180...260 | 0,100 | 0,110 | 0,120 | 0,160 | | | | | | | |----------------------------------------------------------------------|| | |----------------------------------------------------------------------|| 18 | 0,010 | 0,010 | - | - | | 18....50 | 0,012 | 0,015 | 0,020 | 0,025 | | 50....80 | 0,020 | 0,020 | 0,025 | 0,035 | | 80...120 | 0,020 | 0,025 | 0,025 | 0,040 |
18 | 0,005 | 0,006 | - | -
., — , —
.
- 416 -
- 416 -
30
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------|| | | | | |------------------+----| |--------+---| |-----------+---| |----------+---| | 0 | | . | | . 2 | | . | | . 4 | | . | | . 6 | | . | | . 8 | | . | ‘-----------------------’ ‘------------’ ‘---------------’ ‘--------------’ .------------------------------------------------------------------.|||-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------||||‘------------------------------------------------------------------’
.------------------------------------------------------------------.| || ||-------------+----------------------------------------------------|||||‘------------------------------------------------------------------’-
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | ---|| | | | | | | | 5 | | | | | | | | |-------------------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|| | | | | + | + | | + | | + | | | | + | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ‘------------------------------------------------------------------------—’
7505-89.
30.1.
= G + + + , | | | | | | | | | | G | | | | | | | | | 0,5| 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | 0,5 1,0| 2 | | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 0 | | | 1,0 1,8| 3 | | | | | | | | 2 | 1,8 3,2| 4 | | | | | 2 | 1 | | | 3,2 5,6| 5 | | 2 | 1 | | | | | 3 | 5,6 10,0| 6 | | | | | 3 | 2 | | | 10,0 20,0| 7 | | | | | | | | 4 | 20,0 50,0| 8 | | 3 | 3 | | 4 | 3 | | | 50,0 125,0| 9 | | | | | | | | 5 |125,0 250,0| 10 | | | | | | | | |
| , | | | % | , % |1 | 0,35 | 2,0 |2 | 0,35 0,65 | 2,0 5,0 |3 | . 0,65 | . 5,0 |
| | | | G /G | |1 | . 0,32 | 2 |2 | 0,32 0,63 | 3 |3 | 0,16 0,32 | 4 |4 | 0,16 | . 4 |
: G — ; G — ,; 4
| |-------------------------- | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
- | | | | + |, | | | | + |: | | | | |; | | | | + |; | | | + | + | | | + | + | | | | + | + | | ( , ) | + | + | | | ( , )| + | | | | | + | | | |
. 2… 4
- 417 -
- 417 -
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | |-----------------------------------------------------------------| | - | | | | -|| - | | -|| .|| | 40 |...100|...160|...250|...400|...630|...1000|...1600|...2500| |----+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------|| 1 | +0,2 | +0,3 | +0,3 | +0,4 | +0,5 | – | – | – | – |
4 | | | –0,4 | –0,5 | –0,5 | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | | 10 | +0,9 | +1,1 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | | | –0,5 | –0,5 | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | | 11 | +1,1 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | | | –0,5 | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 |
30.2. ,
| | | 40...| 63...|100...|160...|-| 40 | ...63|...100|...160|...250| . 250 |---------------------------------------------------------------- | , , ,|---------------------------------------------------------------- | | 40...|100...|160...|250...|400...| 630...|1000...|1600..
| | –0,1 | –0,1 | –0,2 | –0,2 | –0,2 | – | – | – | – | | 2 | +0,3 | +0,3 | +0,4 | +0,5 | +0,5 | +0,6 | – | – | – | | | –0,1 | –0,2 | –0,2 | –0,2 | –0,3 | –0,3 | – | – | – | | 3 | +0,3 | +0,4 | +0,5 | +0,5 | +0,6 | +0,7 | +0,8 | – | – | | | –0,2 | –0,2 | –0,2 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,5 | – | – | | 4 | +0,4 | +0,5 | +0,5 | +0,6 | +0,7 | +0,8 | +0,9 | – | – | | | –0,2 | –0,2 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,4 | –0,5 | – | – | | 5 | +0,5 | +0,5 | +0,6 | +0,7 | +0,8 | +0,9 | +1,1 | +1,3 | – | | | –0,2 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,4 | –0,5 | –0,5 | –0,7 | – | | 6 | +0,5 | +0,6 | +0,7 | +0,8 | +0,9 | +1,1 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | | | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,4 | –0,5 | –0,5 | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | | 7 | +0,6 | +0,7 | +0,8 | +0,9 | +1,1 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | | | –0,3 | –0,3 | –0,4 | –0,5 | –0,5 | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | | 8 | +0,7 | +0,8 | +0,9 | +1,1 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,2 | | | –0,3 | –0,4 | –0,5 | –0,5 | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | | 9 | +0,8 | +0,9 | +1,1 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,
| 12 | +1,3 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | | | –0,7 | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | | 13 | +1,4 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | | | –0,8 | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | | 14 | +1,6 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | | | –0,9 | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | | 15 | +1,8 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | | | –1,0 | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | | 16 | +2,1 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | | | –1,1 | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | | 17 | +2,4 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | | | –1,2 | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | | 18 | +2,7 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | +6,7 | | | –1,3 | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | –3,3 | | 19 | +3,0 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | +6,7 | +7,4 | | | –1,5 | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | –3,3 | –3,6 | | 20 | +3,3 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | +6,7 | +7,4 | +8,0 | | | –1,7 | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | –3,3 | –3,6 | –4,0 | | 21 | +3,7 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | +6,7 | +7,4 | +8,0 | +8,6 | | | –1,9 | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | –3,3 | –3,6 | –4,0 | –4,4 | | 22 | +4,2 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | +6,7 | +7,4 | +8,0 | +8,6 | +9,2 | | | –2,1 | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | –3,3 | –3,6 | –4,0 | –4,4 | –4,8 | | 23 | +4,7 | +5,3 | +6,0 | +6,7 | +7,4 | +8,0 | +8,6 | +9,2 | +10,0 | | | –2,4 | –2,7 | –3,0 | –3,3 | –3,6 | –4,0 | –4,4 | –4,8 | –6,0 | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’. -
; ,, 0,5 ; -
, ,- ; , -
, 1,5 .
- 418 -
- 418 -
---------------------------------|
-
,
30.3. ,,
.-------------------------------------------------------------------.| | " " | | , +-----------------------------------------| | , . | 0.5 | . 0,5 | |-------------------------+--------------------+--------------------|| 2,5 | 0,32 | 0,26 | | . 2,5 6,3 | 0,36 | 0,32 | | . 6,3 10,0 | 0,40 | 0,36 | | . 10,0 16,0 | 0,44 | 0,40 | | . 16,0 25,0 | 0,50 | 0,44 | | . 25,0 40,0 | 0,60 | 0,50 | | . 40,0 80,0 | 0,80 | 0,60 | ‘------------------------------------------------------------------—’: 1. " " -
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.--------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | |----------------------------------------| | , | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |---------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------|| 100 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,8 | | . 100 160 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | | . 160 250 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | | . 250 400 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,6 | 1,6 | | . 400 630 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 2,0 | | . 630 1000 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 2,0 | 2,5 | | . 1000 1600 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,2 | | . 1600 2500 | 1,6 | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,2 | 4,0 | ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------’: 1. ,
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.-------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | |--------------------------------------------| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |----------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------|| 60 | +–0,10 | +–0,15 | +–0,20 | +–0,25 | +–0,30 | | . 60 100 | +–0,15 | +–0,20 | +–0,25 | +–0,30 | +–0,50 | | . 100 160 | +–0,20 | +–0,25 | +–0,30 | +–0,50 | +–0,80 | | . 160 250 | +–0,25 | +–0,30 | +–0,50 | +–0,80 | +–1,20 | | . 250 400 | +–0,30 | +–0,50 | +–0,80 | +–1,20 | +–1,60 | | . 400 630 | +–0,50 | +–0,80 | +–1,20 | +–1,60 | +–2,00 | | . 630 1000 | +–0,80 | +–1,20 | +–1,60 | +–2,00 | +–3,00 | | . 1000 1600 | +–1,20 | +–1,60 | +–2,00 | +–3,00 | +–4,50 | | . 1600 2500 | +–1,60 | +–2,00 | +–3,00 | +–4,50 | +–7,00 | ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------’
30.7.
.--------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | , |-------------------------------------------------| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------|| 25 | +–0 10 | +–0 15 | +–0 20 | +–0 25 | +–0 30 | | . 25 60 | +–0 15 | +–0 20 | +–0 25 | +–0 30 | +–0 50 | | . 60 100 | +–0 20 | +–0 25 | +–0 30 | +–0 50 | +–0 80 | | . 100 160 | +–0 25 | +–0 30 | +–0 50 | +–0 80 | +–1 20 | | . 160 | +–0 30 | +–0 50 | +–0 80 | +–1 20 | +–1 60 | ‘--------------------------------------------------------------------’: 1. — , — ; 2. ,
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.-------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | , |---------------------------------------| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |---------------------------|-------+-------+-------+-------+-------|| 4 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 2,0 | | . 4 6 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 3,0 | | . 6 10 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 5,0 | | . 10 16 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 5,0 | 8,0 | | . 16 25 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 5,0 | 8,0 | 12,0 | | . 25 40 | 3,0 | 5,0 | 8,0 | 12,0 | 20,0 | | . 40 60 | 5,0 | 8,0 | 12,0 | 20,0 | 30,0 | | . 60 100 | 8,0 | 12,0 | 20,0 | 30,0 | 50,0 | ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------’
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.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| | | | | | | | |-------------------------------------+----------------+---------------|| , | | | | | 7 | 10 | |-------------------------------------+----------------+---------------|| , | 5 | 7 | |-------------------------------------+----------------+---------------|| | 1 |‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
- 420 -
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| 4... 6 | 0,07 | 0,09 | 0,11 | 0,14 | 0,18 | 0,22 | 0,28 | | 0,14 | 0,18 | 0,22 | 0,28 | 0,36 |
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.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| | , | | |---------------------------------------------------| | | 20 | 20...50 | 50...100 | 100...200 | 300..500 | |------------------+-------+---------+----------+-----------+----------|| | | | | | | | | 2,00 | 2,50 | 4,00 | 6.00 | 8,50 | | | | | | | | |------------------+-------+---------+----------+-----------+----------|| | | | | | | | | 0,65 | 1,15 | 1,50 | 3,75 | 6,50 | | | | | | | | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’
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26645-85 ( 8062-84) 1855-55, 2009-55.
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31 .--------------------------------------------------------------.| | , | | | , | | |------------------------------------------------| | | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | | |------------------------------------------------| | , | | | | 25346-89 | | |------------------------------------------------| | | | 14 | | 15 | | 16 | | |-------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------||| 4 | 0,32 | 0,40 | 0,50 | 0,64 | 0,80 | 1,00 | 1,20 | 4... 6 | 0,36 | 0,44 | 0,56 | 0,70 | 0,90 | 1,10 | 1,40 | | 6... 10 | 0,40 | 0,50 | 0,64 | 0,80 | 1,00 | 1,20 | 1,60 | | 10... 16 | 0,44 | 0,56 | 0,70 | 0,90 | 1,10 | 1,40 | 1,80 | | 16... 25 | 0,50 | 0,64 | 0,80 | 1,00 | 1,20 | 1,60 | 2,00 | | 25... 40 | 0,56 | 0,70 | 0,90 | 1,10 | 1,40 | 1,80 | 2,20 | | 63... 100 | 0,70 | 0,90 | 1,10 | 1,40 | 1,80 | 2,20 | 2,80 | | 100... 160 | 0,80 | 1,00 | 1,20 | 1,60 | 2,00 | 2,40 | 3,20 | | 160... 250 | 0,90 | 1,10 | 1,40 | 1,80 | 2,20 | 2,80 | 3,60 | | 250... 400 | 1,00 | 1,20 | 1,60 | 2,00 | 2,40 | 3,20 | 4,00 | | 400... 630 | 1,10 | 1,40 | 1,80 | 2,20 | 2,80 | 3,60 | 4,40 | | 630...1000 | 1,20 | 1,60 | 2,00 | 2,40 | 3,20 | 4,00 | 5,00 |
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31
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33
( 2591-71)
| ---------| | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 5...9 | +0,1 –0,2 | +0,2 –0,5 | +0,3 –0,5 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 10...19 | +0,1 –0,3 | +0,2 –0,5 | +0,3 –0,5 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 20...25 | +0,2 –0,3 | +0,2 –0,5 | +0,4 –0,5 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 26...48 ( 43; 44; 47) | +0,2 –0,5 | +0,2 –0,7 | +0,4 –0,7 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 50; 52; 55; 58 | +0,2 –0,8 | +0,2 –1,0 | +0,4 –1,0 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 80; 85; 90; 93; 95 | +0,3 –1,1 | +0,3 –1,3 | +0,5 –1,3 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 100; 105; 110; 115 | - - | +0,4 –1,7 | +0,6 –1,7 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 120; 125; 130; 135 | - - | +0,6 –2,0 | +0,8 –2,0 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 140; 145; 150 | - - | +0,6 –2,0 | +0,8 –2,0 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 160; 170; 180; 190; 200 | - - | - - | +0,9 –2,5 | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’.
30 .
-----------------------------------.| | ( ) | | | | | , |-----------------------------------------| | | | | | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 8; 9 | - - | +0,1 –0,3 | +0,3 –0,5 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 10...19 ( 1 ) | - - | +0,2 –0,3 | +0,3 –0,5 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 20; 21; 22; 24; 25 | - - | +0,2 –0,4 | +0,4 –0,5 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 26; 28; 30; 32; 34; 36 | - - | +0,2 –0,6 | +0,4 –0,7 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 38; 40; 45; 48 | - - | +0,2 –0,6 | +0,4 –0,7 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 50; 52; 55 | - - | +0,2 –0,9 | +0,4 –1,0 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 60; 63; 65; 70; 75 | - - | +0,3 –1,0 | +0,5 –1,1 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 80; 85; 90; 95 | - - | +0,4 –1,2 | +0,5 –1,3 | |----------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|| 100 | - - | +0,5 –1,5 | +0,6 –1,7 | ‘----------------------------------------------------------------------’: 1. -
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2,5...3,0 | 3,0...3,5 | 3,5...4,0 | 4,0...4,5 | ||
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35
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36
,.----------------------------------------------------------------------.| | , | | | ( (+-)) | | |-----------------------------------------------| | , | 300 | 300...600 | 600.-|-----------------------------------------------------------------| 25 | 0,8 | 0,8...1,0 | 1,0...1,5 | 1,5...2,0 | | 25....40 | 0,8...1,0 | 1,0...1,5 | 1,5...2,0 | 2,0...2,5 | | 40....70 | 1,0...1,5 | 1,5...2,0 | 2,0...2,5 | 2,5...3,0 | | 70...100 | 1,5...2,0 | 2,0...2,5 | 2,5...3,0 | 3,0...3,5 | | 100...150 | 2,0...2,5 | 2,5...3,0 | 3,0...3,5 | 3,5...4,0 | | 150...200 | |----------------------------------------------------------------------||----------------------------------------------------------------------|| 10 | 0,5...0,6 | 0,6...0,7 | 0,7...0,8 | 0,8...0,9 | | 10....20 | 0| 20....30 | 0,7...0,8 | 0,8...0,9 | 0,9| 30....40 | 0,8...0,9 | 0,9...1,0 | 1,0|--------| ,--------------------------------------------------------------|--------|| 50....70 | 0.8...1,0 | 1,0...1,3 | 1,4...1,5 | 1,5...1,0...100 | 1.0...1,3 | 1,3...1,5 | 1,5...1,8 | 1,8...2,| 7| 100...130 | 1.2...1,4 | 1,4...1,6 | 1,6...1,8 | 1,9...2,1| 130...160 | 1.3...1,5 | 1,5...1,8 | 1,8...2,0 | 2,0...2,5
- 425 -
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37. «Visual KursAR» . . . . . . . . . 427 37.1. 1. . . . 427 37.2. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 37.3. 3. 454 37.4. 4. -
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