-Warburton

University of Reading

1.

, ,

. ,

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.

,

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,

.

.

.

: ,

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2.

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,

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. , Bybee, Perkins Pagliuca (1994:176)

, ,

(. Bybee, 1985:

191-6).

, - .

. .

:

,

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,

.

: (epistemic) (deontic) (. Lyons, 1977

Palmer, 1986).

. ,

,

,

(possibility), (probability),

(inferred certainty) (counterfactual) (

).

,

,

. Bybee (1985) Bybee, Perkins

Pagliuca (1994) :1 ,

(agent oriented modalities)

(obligation), (necessity),

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(speaker oriented

modalities) (command), (prohibition),

, (exhortation) (permission).

.

, ,

- ,

.

.

.

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.

(Whaley,

1997:220-3):

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1 ,

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.

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2001).

3.

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.

.2

,

:

/lyeis/ /lye:is/ /lyois/

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/lelykas/ /lelyke:is/

/lelykois/

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/elelykeis/

1. .

2

, . -Warburton , 2000, Philippaki-

Warburton & Spyropoulos, 2004. , .

Jannaris (1897), Browning (19832), Horrocks (1997).

, .3

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,

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: lyseis

lysis

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Teodorsson, 1977 1978 Browning, 19832 Horrocks, 1997 , 2001 ,

2001.

> () , () .

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+ +

, ( =

+ = + ).

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6 .). , +

.

,

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) ,

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Tsangalidis, 1999 Roberts & Roussou, 2003).

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,

.

3.2.

(perfective) (imperfective) .4

: , ,

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).

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1 2

4 aspect.

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, 1999 Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton, 1999)

(1988) (. Mackridge, 1990). ,

, (

, 1999) () (, 1988

Mackridge, 1990). 5

: : -, -, -, -, -, - : -, -, -, -, -

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.

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, . Warburton, 1970 , 1972 Mackridge, 1990

, 1990 , 1999).

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Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton, 1999 ,

1999].

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, 1941 Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton, 1999 , 1999

6

:

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7

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6 . 7 60 357-361 . 364 [ ]

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1970 Joseph & Philippaki-Warburton, 1987.

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Warburton, 1994 1998 Philippaki-Warburton & Spyropoulos, 1999 Rivero,

1994 Rivero & Terzi, 1995 Drachman, 1994 Roussou, 2000). ,

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) , Holton,

Mackridge -Warburton (1999) .

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14 (2002 2002),

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16 . Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton, 1999 ,

2002 2002 .

,

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17 .

Hesse, 2003.

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) (35) , (

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9. .

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2001). Holton, Mackridge

-Warburton (1997),

+

, .

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):

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18 . , 1946 Hesse, 2003.

(47) ! .

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,

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) (73):

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19

.

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4.3.3.

.

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),

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80).

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20

20 .

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. (87)

(88) .

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88), .

(88).

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, .

(87) i proi/* j .

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21 pro (pronoun),

, .

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.

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.

.

(

),

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5.

.

.

,

.

,

.22

.

,

(. Cinque, 2001).

5.1.

.

,

.

/

.

, .

,

(.

13 ).

5.2. (Conditional)

-(y) -sA,23

.

.

(91) oku-yor-sa-m

---1

22 . Underhill (1976) Lewis (20002),

Kornfilt (1997). . Sezer, 2001.

. 23

.

( )

(91) oku-r-sa-m

---1

()

(91) oku-du-y-sa-m

----1

(91) oku-mu-sa-m

---1

(91) oku-yacak-sa-m

---1

-sA.

(definite past) -(y) -dI, -(y) -mI

(inferential) .

(92) bu kitab- oku-sa-n

- --2

) ...

) !

(93) bu kitab- oku-sa-y-d-n

- ----2

) ...

) .

(94) bu kitab- oku-sa-y-mu

- ---

)

) .

,

( 92)

. ( 93)

, ( 94)

,

.

.

5.3.

,

10.

, .

1 gel (-) gelin (-In)

geliniz (-InIz) gelme (-mA) gelmeyin (-mAyIn)

gelmeyiniz (-mAyInIz) 2 gelsin (-sIn) gelsinler (-sInlAr) gelmesin (-mAsIn) gelmesinler (-mAsInlAr)

10. gelmek(= ).

, . (

) , , , ,

, , , .

5.4. (Optative)

11. (subjunctive) (. Lewis,

20002). , ,

-dI- o -mI-.

+ -Ay-dI-

+ -Ay-mI-

1 geleyin (-(y)-AyIn) geleydim geleymiim 2 gelesin (-(y)-AsIn) geleydin geleymisin 3 gele (-(y)-A) geleydi geleymi 1 gelelim (-(y)-AlIm) geleydik geleymiiz 2 gelesiniz (-(y)-

AsInIz) geleydiniz geleymisiniz

3 geleler (-(y)-AlAlAr) geleydiler geleymiler 11. gelmek (= ).

,

, , , , , ,

.

, , , ,

, ,

.

.

, ,

.

:

(95) oku-ya-y-d-m

----1

) !

) / ...

(96) oku-ya-y-d-nz

----2

!

.

,

.

(97) oku-ya-y-m

---

/ .

5.5. / (Debitive/Necessitative)24

/ mAlI.

.

-dI-,

-sA- -mI-,

:

(98) oku-mal-y-iz

---1

(99) oku-mal-y-d-k

----1

(100) oku-mal-y-sa-k

----1

...

24 Underhill (1976) Lewis (20002)

(necessitative), (debitive)

Kornfilt (1997).

(101) oku-mal-y-m-iz

----1

.

: ,

, .

(102) oku-mal-y-im

---1EN

(103) Ahmet hafta-ya evlen- mi ol-mal

- - -

.

(104) Hasan rada ol-mal

-

.

5.6. (Potential/Abilitative)25

-(y)-Abil,

bil -A-.

, : ,

-i- , ,

:

(105) oku-yabil-ir-im

---1

25 potential Kornfilt (1997), abilitative Underhill

(1976). potential /

.

/

, (. 5.7).

26

(106) oku-yabil-iyor-um

---1

(107) oku-yabil-ece-im

---1

(108) oku-yabil-di-m

---1

(109) oku-yabil-mi-im

---1

.

:

.

-(y)-A-mA-.

(110) oku-ya+ma-m

-+-1

, .

26 ,

.

5.7.

-(y)-Abil

,

-ir-. ,

105 , 105, 111

, .

(111) oku-yabil-ir-im

---1

-(y)-Abil .

113,

.

(112) oku-ma-yabil-ir-im

---1

(113) oku-ya+ma-yabil-ir-im

-IKAN+--1

5.8. (Inferential)

-mI.

,

:

(114) asan dn akam sinema-ya git-mi

- -

, , .

(115) Hasan u an-da sinema-ya gid-iyor-mu

- - --

, , .

(116) asan her akam sinema-ya gid-er-mi

- --

, , .

(117) asan yarn akam sinema-ya gid-ecek-mi

- --

, , .

,

(. Cinque, 2001).

, :

(118) Rejim yap-m-m

--

.

,

,

.

6.

.

: , , ,

. ,

.

6.1.

, .

, ,

. 12

.

,

.

-Iyor ( )

-Ir ( ) -dI -Iyordu ( )

-IrdI ( ) -dI -mItI

12.

. ,

4.2.1,

. 13

.

-yor ol-acak - - -yor-dur27 --.

-AcAk -

27 -yor

DIr.

-Ir - -AcAk -

/

-mI ol-acak - - -mI ol-mal - -

, ,

-Ir-dI

-- -AcAk-tI ( )

-- -mAlI -

-mI ol-mal

- - -mI-tIr

--. .

-Ir-dI

-- -AcAk-tI ( )

-- -mI ol-mal-y-d

- --- 13.

,

,

. :

, , , , , ,

, ,

-sA-y-dI --- -(y) A-y-dI ---

-Ir-sA --

14.

6.3.

. 4.2.2 4.3.2

. ,

. ,

,

. : ,

, ,

,

-mAk,

-dIk-/-AcAk-28 -mA-. Kornfilt (1997: 366)

-dIk-/-AcAk- -mAk -mA-

.

:

-dIk-/-AcAk- ,

-mAk mA-.

.

,

.29

-dIk-/-AcAk- .

30 .

-mA- .

.

28 . -

dIk- , -AcAk- . 29 , . Kornfilt, 1997 2001 Ay-

gen, 2002. 30 .

.

.

,

, .

-mA-

.

.

.

.

7.

.

( ) .

.

,

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, : ,

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, 2001).

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[:

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.

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(-, 1994).

() ,

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4,

.

,32 33 .

31 . -Warburton, 1999. 32 . 4. 33 . 7, 8 9 4.

.

,

, .

(. ,

1999),

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.

/

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,

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,

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,

, 4.3.3. ,

.

, : ,

, , (.

-, 1994 Georgalidou, Spyropoulos & Kaili, 2004).

: ,

, ,

.

. ,

.

,

,

.

, . (1934). ;. 15: 445-450

( . . 88

. , 1976, 44-51).

Aygen, N. G. (2002). Finiteness, Case and Clausal Architecture. , Harvard

University.

, . . -Warburton (1983). .

4: 151-168.

Browning, R. (19832). Medieval and Modern Greek ( . 1969). Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

Bybee, J. L. (1985). Morphology: A study of the Relation between Meaning and Form. Amsterdam:

John Benjamins.

Bybee, J. L., R. Perkins & W. Pagliuca (1994). The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and

Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Cinque, G. (2001). A Note on Mood, Modality, Tense and Aspect Affixes in Turkish. E.

Erguvanl Taylan (.), The Verb in Turkish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 47-60.

Drachman, G. (1994). Verb Movement and Minimal Clauses. I. Philippaki-Warburton, K.

Nikolaidis & M. Sifianou (.), Themes in Greek Linguistics: Papers from the First

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