: . . . .
conceptual and theoretical backgrounds . .
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1 1319 1344.
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. ([1]) .
(A. H. Marshall) . ([2]) ([3]) Paradigm .
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2 .
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(1.1) .
Centralization ( ...) . ([6])
.
(1.1)
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Concentration . ( ) concentration - De . ([7]) Decentralization
.
([8]) Federal System . .
: ([9]) : (Functional) ( ) . .
(Geographical Territory) . .
. ( ) . .
([10]) Local Administration Local Government .
(1.2) ([11]) () ( ) () ( ).
( 1.2)
"" ""
.
. .
Continuum (1.3) .
( 1.3 ) " "
/
(1.3) . ([12]) (1.3) Degree Kind . ( ) ( ) .
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( ) .
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([14]) Wraith Pickering ([15]) .
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1249/1833 1289/1872 ([28]).
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1325/1907 1331 / 1920 . 1351 ([31]).
. ([32]) ([33]). ([34]).
923 1334/ 1915 1343 ([35]).
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(2.1).
(2.1) *
1 13191319
144
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2 133113314
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4 13431344 18
* : 166 167 :
K.S. Twitchell, Saudi Arabia (New Jersey: Princeton, University
Press), 1997, PP. 112 116. " ".([43]) ([44]). ([45]) .
1319 1351 ([46]) ([47]) ([48]) : " " ([49]) .
: ([50]) (2.2) .
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2 1352([56]).
3 " "([57]) 1357 ([58]). 1397([59]) .
4 1359([60]) " " ([61]) ([62]) ([63]). ([64]) ([65]). " "
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5 1365 / 1945 .
6 ([67]) .
7 1370 1370 1373 ([68]) " " ([69]).
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([70]) 1373/1953 " "([71]) () ([72]) .
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2 1382 ([73]).
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4 1376 / 1957 1380 /1960 1380/1960 1383/1963.
5 .
6 1383([74]) " " ([75]).
" " ([76]).
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:
1 1390 /1970 .
2 .
3 1395 1395 " " ([77]) Mckinsey Internation " (5) (96) (43) (6)
(6) " ([78]) .
4 1397 " " ([79]).
: (1412 1419):
/92 1412 ([80]).
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(2.3) .
2.3*
1383 1412
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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: " ." ([99]) " ".([100]) ([101]) .
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.
([1])U. N Seminar on Central Services to Local Authorities,
(st/TAO/M/E/CN. 11/669/Rev.1) 1964, p 12.
([2])A. H. Marshall : Local government in the Modern World ,
University of London , The Athlon press 1965, p 9.
([3])W. J. McKenzie: Theories Of Local Government , Greater
London : London School of Economics & Political Science , 1961
, papers No. 2, p 5
([4]) " : " 1986 901 .
([5]) : 1411 / 1991 205206 .
([6]) : : 1980 13 15 . : 1964 455 .
([7]) : 14 15. : 1959 1960 11 : 1973 344 347 .
([8]) : 1981 16 17 .
([9]) 17 18 .
([10]) : 1403 / 1983 15 16 .
([11]) : : 1398 / 1978 79 .
([12])United Nation , Department of Economic and Social Affairs:
A Handbook of PublicAdministration 12 New York, 1961, Paras,
193,209,pp.63,66
([13]) 905 .
([14]) : : 1385 / 1965 : 1403 / 1983 : 1411 / 1991 : 1981 : :
1410 / 1989 : ( ) 1415 / 1994 : 1414 /1993 .
([15])R.E. Wraith and A.k. Pickering : Current Trends in Local
Government : paper for Comparative Local Government Seminar (
I.L.G.S. April 29, 1968).
([16]) : 1985 1/ 102 .
([17]) : 1997 39.
([18]) : 1414/1993 69 .
([19])George A. Lipsky, Saudi Arabia: Its People, its Society,
its Culture. New York: Hraf Press , 1959, PP. 106 108.
([20])Tarik Sultan ELErris. Saudi Arabia, A Study in Nation
Building. the American University, Ph. D. _5 1965, P. 55.
([21]) : 1406/1986 13 .
([22]): 18 19.
([23]) 68.
([24])H. St. John. B. Philpy , The Heart of Arabia, London:
Constable, 1922, p. 3.
([25]) 69.
([26]) : 85.
([27]) 73.
([28]) : 1398 103 120.
([29]) 119.
([30]) 134.
([31]) : 1986 2/ 539.
([32]) : 10.
([33]) 109.
([34]) 109 110.
([35]) : 1401 / 1981 57 58 .
([36]) 26.
([37]) : 1385 / 1965 199.
([38]) : 1344 / 1925 3.
([39]) : 4.
([40]) : 2/ 97.
([41]) : 2/ 101.
([42]) : 63.
([43]) " : " 1986 102.
([44]) : 1385 1965 23.
([45]) 24.
([46]) (2).
([47]) 24 : : 381.
([48]) : "... ". : 3 29/5/1343 : 1960 207.
([49]) 3 29 / 5/ 1343.
([50]) 118.
([51]) : : 3 1985 2/ 650 . : 1319 1373 . : 104 105. 55
30/6/1344. 121 6/10/1345.
([52]) 121 6/10/1345.
([53]) 2716 17/5/1351.
([54]) : : 2/ 561 564. 405 406 407 (15 2229) 5/1351 .
([55]) : 1412 / 1991 66.
([56]) 440 24/1/1352.
([57]) " " 1357. : : 1415 / 1994 84.
([58]) 84 87.
([59]) : : 1410 / 1989 32 .
([60])" "13/1/1359 1939 (50 ). : : " : " 1022 1023. : 187.
([61]) " " : 1415 121.
([62]) 27 1359 10/3/1351 .
([63]) : 12781354 100 102.
([64]) 41/1/1/ 15/1/1359.
([65]) : " " 1401 19 20.
([66]) : 1411 / 1991 74.
([67])Lipsky. op, Cit, P. 46.
([68]) 52.
([69]) 162.
([70]) 5/19/1/4288 1/2/1373 10/10/1953. 1485 8/2/1373
16/10/1953.
([71]) 76.
([72]) 76 77.
([73]) 34 35.
([74]) 12 21/5/1383 1963 .
([75]) : " : " 1025.
([76]) 1026. : " " 23.
([77]) 36.
([78]) 36 41.
([79]) 1027.
([80]) : 1413/ 1993 314. " " 135 140 .
([81]) 907 .
([82]) : 371 . 3 4 872 873 .
([83]) (1).
([84]) 3 29/5/1343.
([85]) 73 16/11/1344 (1).
([86]) 21/2/1345 90 25/2/1345 3/9/1926 91 3/ 3 /1345 10/9/1926
.
([87]) 13/1/1359 1 27 .
([88]) (1) .
([89]) 27 29 . 7 28/6/ 1343 10 19/7/1343 13 9/1/1344 32
16/1/1344 .
([90]) 1 15/5/1343 . 266.
([91]) : 1418 /1997 24 26 .
([92]) : 1411/ 1990 57 .
([93]) 295 7/3/1349 / 1930 .
([94]) 56 57 .
([95]) 135 15/1/1346 .
([96]) : 1986 67
([97]) : 1988 53 .
([98]) 14.
([99]) : 202 20 1988 .
([100]) " : " 354 9 / 1412 (1986) 11 .
([101]) 936.
([102]) : (1) : 1418 189 190 .
([103])Summer Scott Huyette : Political Adaptation in Saudi
Arabia : a Study of the Council of Ministers, Boulder, Colorado;
Westview Press, Inc., U. S. A., 1995, P. 58.
([104]) 232 29/12/1347 1418 27/9/1371.
400402 .
([105]) 136 22/1/1346 .
([106]) : 1411 /1991 209 .
([107]) 209 .
([108])Stewart: ManagementLocal Environment Urban Government A
Few Worlds Considered. I. L. G. S. : University of Birmingham,
1973.
([109]) 194.
([110]) 171 15/11/1362.
([111]) 195.
([112]) 67.
([113]) 67.
([114]) 18.
:
:
: 13431373 / 1924 1953 : 1414 / 1993.
: 1401 /1981 .
: " : " " " 1406 /1986 .
: 1981 .
: 1986 .
: 1410 /1990 .
: 1973 .
: 1278 1354 .
: 3 1985.
: 23 1402 .
: 1411 1990.
: 1980 .
: .
: 1997.
: 1406 /1986 .
: 1983.
: 1411 /1991 .
: 1403 /1983 .
: 1411 /1990 .
: 1412/ 1991 .
: 1418 /1997 .
:" " : 1988 .
: 1983 .
: 1385 /1965 .
: 1416/ 1995 .
: 1964 .
: : 1 1393 .
: 1404 /1983 .
: " : " : 1406 /1986 .
: : 1418 .
: 1413 /1993 .
: 1415 /1994 .
:
" : " (354) 9 / 1412 / 3 /1992 .
(1) 15 / 5 / 1343 .
(3) 29 / 5 / 1343 .
(4) 7 / 6 / 1343 .
(7) 28 / 6 / 1343 .
(10) 19 / 7 / 1343 .
(31) 9 /1/ 1344 .
(32) 16 / 1 / 1344 .
(55) 30 / 6 / 1344 .
(71) 2 / 11 / 1344 .
(73) 16 / 11 / 1344 .
(86) 27 / 1 / 1345 .
(90) 25 / 5 / 1345 .
(91) 3 / 3 / 1345 .
(149) 23 /4 / 1346 .
(186) 25 / 1 / 1347 .
(195) 7 / 4 / 1347 .
(210) 23 / 7 / 1347 .
(347) 23 / 3 / 1350 .
(387) 14 / 1 / 1351 .
(406) 22 / 5 / 1351 .
( ) :
1346 .
1347 .
1350.
1357.
1953.
1372 .
13 /1/ 1359 .
1373 .
1377 .
1412 .
1412 .
1414 .
:
Alderfer, H.F., Local Government in Developing Countries New
York: McGraw Hill, 1964.
AlTweam, Nasser I. Attitudes of Saudi Public Bureaucrats: A
Study in Administrative Responsibility and Control of the
Bureaucracy. Ph.D. diseertation, Oxford Mississippi: Mississippi
Graduate School, 1995.
Arab News, No., 20 January, 1981.
ElErris, T.S. Saudi Arabia; A study in Nation Building. Ph.D.,
Thc American University, 1965.
Huyette, Summer S. Adaptation in Saudi Arabia. Boulder, CO.:
Westview Press, 1985.
Lipsky, George A. Saudi Arabia: Its People, Its Society, Its
Culture. New Haven, CT.: Hraf Press, 1959.
Mackenize, W.J. Theories of Local Government. Creater London:
London School of Economics and Political Science, 1961, Papers No.
2.
Marshal, A.H. Local Government in the Modern World. University
of London, The Athlone Press, 1965.
Philpy, H. St. J.B. Thc Heart of Arabia, London: Constable,
1922.
Rawaf, Othman The Structure of the Saudi Government. Middle East
Insight 3 (1983): 2832.
Stewart, J.P. Management Local Environment Urban Government A
few Words Considered. I.L.G.S. : University of Birmingham,
1973.
Stewart, J.P, ManagementLocalEnvironment Urban. (I.L.G.S.,
1973).
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affaris: A
Handbook of Public Administration. New York, 1961, Paras 193,
209.
U.N.: Seminar on Central Services to Local Authorities. ( St /
TAO / M/ E / CN. 11/669/Rev.1), 1964
Warith, R.E., and Pickering, A.K. Current Trends in Local
Government. Paper for comparative Local Government Seminar
(I.L.G.S., April 29, 1968).
(1)
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8 1344
(2)
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( ) .
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