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2-19

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2-20

V = (V+ + V) / 2 V+ , V .

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() = 20 log , () :

V 20 log V V+ + V = V

, . (referenced single-ended RSE) , AIGND, . .

2-21

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2-22

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2-25

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2-26

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2-27

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2-28

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2-29

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. . , , . DAQ , DAQ , .

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NI NI-DAQ , , .

: NI-DAQ DAQ . (Measurement & Automation

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2-30

H. NI-DAQ

NI-DAQ 7.0 NI-DAQ NI-DAQmx, (API), . NI-DAQ DAQ National Instruments, / , SCXI . NI-DAQmx.

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: LabVIEW Measurement Studio Microsoft Visual C/C++ Microsoft .NET Languages Visual Basic ANSI C

NI-DAQ NI-DAQ 7.0 Readme. NI-DAQ

NI-DAQ NI-DAQ 6.9.x, NI-DAQ. NI-DAQ , NI-DAQ 6.9.x. NI-DAQ NI-DAQmx , NI-DAQmx NI-DAQ 6.9.x. NI-DAQmx

NI-DAQmx NI-DAQ, , . NI-DAQmx DAQ . NI-DAQmx : DAQ Assistant ( )

, NI-DAQmx LabVIEW 7.0 .. DAQ Assistant NI-DAQmx NI-DAQmx . DAQ Assistant

2-31

LabVIEW MAX. ,

/ . (API) DAQ

, NI-DAQ.

LabVIEW, (Property Nodes) /.

ANSI C, LabWindows/CVI, Measurement Studio, .NET C++.

NI-DAQ NI-DAQmx

. NI-DAQ 7.0 Readme (DAQ Quick Start Guide).

2-32

I.

(Measurement & Automation Explorer MAX) , Windows, NI-DAQ. MAX NI, , . NI-DAQ MAX . Measurement & Automation Windows. MAX : (Data Neighborhood) (Devices and Interfaces) IVI (Scales) (Historical Data) (Software) (VI Logger Tasks)

(Data Neighborhood) , . , , . . .

(DAQ Assistant) . NI-DAQmx ,

, . . LabVIEW . , , , ( ), , .

, ,

. .

2-33

/, / . ( ) (0) .

NI-DAQmx

. , . , , ( ) ( ). , , , .

(Devices and Interfaces) NI. , .

Self-Test () , , .

Test Panel ( ) /, / . NI-DAQmx. , LabVIEW. LabVIEW, .

Reset ( ) DAQ , .

Properties RTSI

, DAQ-. , , , Attributes () MAX.

2-34

Self-Calibrate ()

. Scales () . DAQ Assistant .

DAQ Assistant ( ) , . , . : Linear () , y = mx + b. Map Ranges ( ) ,

. Polynomial () ,

y = a0 + (a1 * x) + (a2 * x2) + + (an* xn). Table () ,

.

(Software) NI. . Software Update Agent ( ). National Instruments. , Web ni.com . Windows

NI-DAQmx nidaq32.dll DAQ . , nidaq32.dll, , . MAX LabVIEW NI-DAQmx. MAX . MAX , , . MAX Windows.

2-35

2-3 Measurement & Automation Explorer : . 1. 1 . 2. 0 2.

. . , , , .

3. MAX StartProgramsNational InstrumentsMeasurement & Automation Explorer. 4. Devices and Interfaces. MAX . 5. NI-DAQmx Devices. DAQ , , . "Dev1". , ViewRefresh (). 6. DAQ Self-Test. , . OK, .

. DAQ , .

7. DAQ Properties (). Device Properties ( ).

RTSI Configuration ( RTSI) , RTSI . RTSI .

Accessory ( ) , DAQ . , SCB-68 DAQ , . , , . , . None. ,

2-36

. OK Device Properties. 8. DAQ Test Panels. Test Panels. Analog Input ( ) .

Channel Name Dev X/ai0, X DAQ . 0 . Start (). 0.2 0.3 , .

9. , . Stop.

. , , LabVIEW. , LabVIEW , . , .

10. Analog Input Dev X/ai1, X DAQ . ,

2-37

1 . Start. . Stop.

Acquisition Mode ( ) . On Demand ( ) Finite ()

Continuous ()

. Finite Continuous (). , . 11. .

. frequency range ( ) 100 10 Frequency Adjust ( ) Low. . Acquisition Mode Finite Continuous Rate, 5,000, 10,000 15,000, .

12. Analog Output. . .

. , 0 2 . . DC Voltage ( ) Output Mode. . 5 V / (Output Voltage/Amplitude) Update ().

13. Analog Input.

. 2 Acquisition Mode On Demand. . Start. 5 . . Stop.

14. Digital I/O ( /) DAQ . .

. SCXI, 4, 2, 1 0 .

. . . Logic Level

2-38

( ). . . , Logic Level , . , , .

15. Counter I/O (/ ). /:

. DevX/Ctr0. Edge Source ( ) /Dev X/20MHzTimeBase, X DAQ . 20 . . Start. Counter Value . . Stop .

16. Stop. 17. MAX. 2-3

2-39

2-4 : NI-DAQmx , DAQ Assistant, NI-DAQmx . . 1. . 1. 1, 2. 2. MAX , , . 3. Data Neighborhood Create New ( ). . 4. NI-DAQmx Global Channel ( NI-DAQmx) Next. 5. Analog Input ( ) . 6. Voltage (). , Temperature . , . 7. . DevX, X DAQ , ai0 Next. 8. Temperature Sensor. Finish. MAX .

2-40

9. Test . Start , 0.2 0.3 . OK . NI-DAQmx MAX , . 10. 3 8 :

Measurement Type: Analog Input Sensor Type: Voltage Physical Channel: ai1 : Sine Wave

2

. , NI-DAQmx Task (NI-DAQmx ). . 1. Data Neighborhood Create New. 2. NI-DAQmx Task Next. 3. Analog Input . 4. Voltage.

2-41

5. . , . , Add Existing DAQmx Global Channels ( DAQmx ). 6. .

7. Next. 8. MyVoltageTask Finish. 9. Voltage Input Setup. Temperature Sensor , , . 10. Add -> Voltage Create New Local Channels ( ). ai2 .

2-42

11. , Voltage, OK. Rename . Square Wave.

12. OK . , . , , MyVoltageTask. 13. Test, Start .

2-43

14. OK . 15. Save Task ( ) MAX. 3

, , 0.2 0.3 . , 100, . , . 1. Data Neighborhood NI-DAQmx Global Channels Temperature Sensor. 2 Voltage Input Setup Custom Scaling ( ) Create New . 3. : Scale Type: Linear ( : ) Name: Temperature Scale (: Temperature Scale) 4. Finish. . . 5. 1 100, 100 slope (). , y-intercept (, y ) 0. 6. Deg C (Scaled Units) Volts (Pre-Scaled Units).

2-44

7. OK. 8. , 40 0 . 0 40 . 9. , Save Channel. 10. Test Start . , . 11. OK . 12. MAX. 2-4

2-45

J. NI-DAQmx

, , , DAQ MAX, , LabVIEW . NI-DAQmx LabVIEW , DAQ LabVIEW. DAQmx

DAQmx ControlsAll Controls I/ODAQmx Name Controls.

DAQmx Name Controls , , , , , (). , LabVIEW, MAX, Task Name ( ) Channel Name ( ). , , MAX . (menu rings) DAQmx Task Name DAQmx Channel Name. DAQmx

, NI-DAQ NI-SWITCH NI-DAQmx, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx - Data Acquisition. , NI-DAQmx, DAQ Quick Start Guide for NI-DAQ 7.0 NI-DAQ 7.0 Readme.

2-46

DAQmx - Data Acquisition , (), : DAQmx Task Name Constant ( DAQmx)

, , DAQ Assistant. I/O Name Filtering ( /). .

DAQmx Global Channel Constant ( DAQmx)

, , . Browse () . I/O Name Filtering ( /). .

DAQmx Create Virtual Channel VI ( DAQmx)

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MAX . , , , . DAQ , , .

DAQmx Read VI ( DAQmx ) ,

. , : , .

2-47

DAQmx Write VI ( DAQmx )

. , , .

DAQmx Wait Until Done VI ( DAQmx )

. .

DAQmx Timing VI ( DAQmx )

, . , .

DAQmx Trigger VI ( DAQmx ) .

. DAQmx Start Task VI ( DAQmx )

. .

DAQmx Stop Task VI ( DAQmx )

, DAQmx Start Task DAQmx Write autostart () TRUE ().

DAQmx Clear Task VI ( DAQmx ) .

, , , . , , .

NI-DAQmx

NI-DAQmx. DAQmx Channel Property Node ( DAQmx )

DAQmx . Select Filter ( ), , , , , .

DAQmx Timing Property Node ( DAQmx )

DAQmx . Select Filter, , , , , .

DAQmx Trigger Property Node ( DAQmx )

DAQmx . Select Filter, ,

2-48

, , , .

DAQmx Read Property Node ( DAQmx )

DAQmx. Select Filter, , , , , .

DAQmx Write Property Node ( DAQmx )

DAQmx. Select Filter, , , , , .

DAQ Assistant Express VI (- ) ,

, NI-DAQmx. DAQ Quick Start Guide for NI-DAQ 7.0 , NI-DAQmx.

, DAQmx Device

Configuration (DAQmx ), .

, DAQmx Advanced Task

Options ( DAQmx), .

, DAQmx Advanced (DAQmx

), NI-DAQmx.

2-49

K. NI-DAQmx:

NI-DAQmx . DAQmx Start, DAQmx Stop DAQmx Control Task . . , . , DAQmx Control Task, NI-DAQmx . : Unverified ()

. , .

Verified ()

NI-DAQ , . , DAQmx Control Task action () (verify). /, NI-DAQmx /, NI-DAQmx , / . NI-DAQmx / . NI-DAQmx , . .

Reserved () ,

, , . , PXI . , , . , DAQmx Control Task action () (reserve). , - . , , . .

Committed () , NI-DAQmx

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2-50

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Running () ,

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2-51

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2-52

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2-53

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DAQ Assistant, MAX LabVIEW,

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2-54

3

. : A. B. C. DAQ Assistant

3-1

A. , , .

, . , , . , , . , , .

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3-2

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, , level (threshold level), , . , , level hysteresis.

2.7 .

(analog window trigger) ,

, . , (window top/bottom value). , , .

3-3

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TTL ,

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(Advance Trigger) .

(Pause Trigger) .

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(Reference Trigger) . , ,

3-4

(pretrigger samples). , , (posttrigger).

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(Start Trigger) .

, .

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3-5

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: LabVIEW

. 1.

1 2. 2. LabVIEW . 3. DAQmx Task Name,

ControlsAll ControlsI/ODAQmx Name Controls . New Task (DAQ Assistant) ( ).

4. (DAQ Assistant)

:

Measurement Type: Analog Input Sensor Type: Voltage Channels: Create New Local Channels,

ai0 ai1 DAQ , . Name: Trigger Task

5. Finish.

. 1. Task Triggering. Start

Trigger Type ( ) Digital Edge. 2. Source () PFI0,

Edge () Rising (). PFI0/TRIG1.

3-6

3. Test. 4. ,

PFI0. , .

5. Y, 0.2 0.3.

Voltage 0 . . OK, .

6. Voltage0 0 1. 7. 0 1,

. . ai0 NI-DAQmx, , Trigger Task .

. 8 12 . , .

8. Task Triggering.

Start Analog Edge Trigger Type. 9. Voltage0 Source Rising

Slope. Level , , , 5.

3-7

10. Test. 11. ,

. Level, .

. , Voltage0, . .

12. , Stop OK

. (Reference Triggers) . 1. 1

. 2. . 3. Task Timing. :

Acquire N Samples ( N ) Samples to Read ( ): 5000 Rate (Hz) ( ()): 1000 Advanced Clock Settings - Clock Type (

): Internal () 4. Task Triggering. Start

Trigger Type none. 5. Reference Trigger Type Digital Edge

Source PFI0. Pretrigger Samples ( ) ,

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3-8

Task Timing) Pretrigger Samples.

Pretrigger Samples 3000.

5000 1000 , .

6. Test. 7. ,

. , , .

, . 5 .

8. OK . 9. OK .

3-9

NI-DAQmx NI-DAQmx

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3-11

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4-1

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: x[i] = x(it), i = 0, 1, 2,

4-2

N x(t),

: X = {x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], , x[N1] }

x(t). , X = {x[i]} i - . , X, , ().

, . NI-DAQmx , - - . , , . 1000 1000 , 10 10 /.

, (aliasing), . , , . , .

- .

4-3

, , . , . . , , , . , , .

, , fs 100 . , : 25 , 70 , 160 510 , .

(fs/2 = 50 ) . . . , F1 (25 ) , F2 (70 ), F3 (160 ) F4 (510 ) 30 , 40 10 , .

4-4

:

= ( , ,

,

F2 = |100 70| = 30

F3 = |(2)100 160| = 40

F4 = |(5)100 510| = 10

,

, )

. , . .

4-5

: f

fs. , . 2fs, ( ), , , . fs, . 4fs/3. fs, (4fs /3 x 1)/2 = 2fs /3), .

. , . , , , . , . , , , 5-10 .

.

4-6

B.

, , , . , . , ? , , ( ) , . , , , .

, , ( , ). , , ( ). . .

( f1) ( f1). . , b . < f1 > f2. f1 f2 , . , , < f1, . , . , (f1).

4-7

4-1 (). : . 1. 0 1 . 2. Sampling Rate Example, C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. .

, DAQ , . 3. : : . : 500 : 1500 4. . , , , DAQ . , (fn) fn = fs. 1500 750 . ,

4-8

750 . 500 , DAQ . 5. . Zoom x.

. , , . , (frequency-domain data) . 6. . 5000 . (time domain) . . , 5 10 . 7. 1000 . 2fn. . , , . 1000 , , . , 2fn . 8. 750 . fn 375 , . , , , . , , : = | ( , , ) | , | 750 500 | = 250 , , . , - 0 375 . , 500 - 250 .

4-9

9. . .

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4-1

4-10

C. DAQmx Read

DAQmx Read (DAQmx ), DAQmx - Data Acquisition, . , , . , .

: (Analog) (Digital) (Counter) ( ) (More (Raw Data))

: (single channel), (multiple channels) (unscaled). : (single sample) (multiple samples). : (waveform) (DBL). .

, , . , . (I/O Name Filtering) / NI-DAQmx Allow Multiple Names ( ). . .

4-11

, : Y ,

, . (DBL).

t0 , Y

. (timestamp).

t ,

Y. Attributes () ,

, . . t0 ,

. t0.

. LabVIEW (x0) (x) ( Y). , , .

. LabVIEW x0, x Y , . , 1D

4-12

. , 1D , .

4-13

4-2. : , .

, , . , , . 1. .

0.0 0.4. 10.0 0.4. , . - 2. -.

. DAQmx Create Virtual Channel, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. , . AI Voltage .

b. DAQmx Start Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

4-14

. (While Loop), FunctionsAll FunctionsStructures, -. , , , .

d. DAQmx Read, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. , . : AnalogSingle ChannelSingle SampleDBL. .

e. Wait Until Next ms Multiple ( , ), FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. 100 .

f. DAQmx Stop Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

g. Simple Error Handler, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. .

3. Voltmeter.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 4. Dev X/ai0, X DAQ MAX. 5. . . , . 6. . 7. DAQmx Global Channel, ControlsAll ControlsI/ODAQmx Name Controls, . 8. -, DAQmx Create Virtual Channel . 9. DAQmx Global Channel task/channels in DAQmx Start Task. 10. Temperature Sensor. . . 100 , NI-DAQmx , 100. , . 11. . 4-2.

4-15

D.

. . DAQ- National Instruments . .

(), . . , - -. . PCI-611X. , . , , . (Sample Clock) , . , () , . (AI Convert Clock) () , . (Sample Duration) , . : = (# 1)

4-16

: , . .

(interval sampling) . - -. (multiplexer MUX) . , , . , , . , . , . , . () , , . , . . , .

, 5 ( ). , , , DAQ-.

(round-robin sampling)

4-17

. , (scan clock) . (channel clock) . .

. . , , . , . , . , 0.5 5 .

. . , , , . .

, , . , .

4-18

(simultaneous sampling) , . , , , . , .

, , 50 200 . , 15 0 3. 270 . , 5 . 15 . , 0.054 . , , , . PCI/PXI-611X (S-).

4-19

4-3. . : . 1. :

a. 1 2 . b. Frequency Adjust. , Frequency Range 100 Hz 10 k.

2. Interval vs. Round-Robin Sampling Example, C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. .

. 3. : DAQmx: Dev X/ai1, Dev X/ai2, X DAQ

MAX. : 5000 : Round-Robin 4. . , , . : .

. , . , ,

4-20

.

. , DAQ , 10 700 , 70 .

5. Interval Sampling . , , . , . . . , . 6. . . 4-3

4-21

E. ()

, DAQmx Read, (Multiple Samples). DAQmx Read DAQmx Timing, DAQmx Start Task DAQmx Stop Task. (Hardware-Timed) ,

, , . , . , . , , . , , .

. LabVIEW, .

DAQmx Timing

DAQmx Timing ( DAQmx ) , . , . : Sample Clock ( ), Handshaking (), Implicit () Use Waveform ( ).

, Sample Clock . : sample mode ( ) ,

. samples per channel ( )

, sample mode Finite Samples ( - ). , DAQ LabVIEW.

rate ()

. , .

source () .

,

4-22

DAQ . active edge ( ) ,

. (rising) (falling) .

task/channels in ( /)

, . NI-DAQmx .

Handshaking () DAQmx Timing

() DAQ . DAQmx Timing , /.

(Implicit) - . , , , / .

Use Waveform ( ) DAQmx Timing dt , waveform. dt , . sample mode Finite Samples, NI-DAQmx , . . , DAQmx Write. DAQmx Timing , . -

- . . DAQmx Timing. DAQmx Start Task. , DAQmx Read , , . DAQmx Stop Task , . Error Handler , .

4-23

. DAQmx Timing /, ( ). , DAQmx Start Task . DAQmx Read, . , DAQmx Read , DAQmx Stop Task , Simple Error Handler .

(number of samples per channel) DAQmx Read , NI-DAQmx , DAQmx Timing. NI-DAQmx number of samples per channel 1. DAQmx Read 2D , . , .

. error in DAQmx Start Task, DAQmx Read

4-24

DAQmx Stop Task , error out . , , DAQmx Start Timing. DAQmx Start Task. . , Error Handler . ?

, , , .

, , . , . FIFO ( First In First Out ) , , , . (Direct Memory Access DMA) (Interrupt Request IRQ).

, . number of samples per channel DAQmx Timing ( buffer size DAQmx Configure Input Buffer) , , DAQmx Read . DAQmx Read LabVIEW, . LabVIEW , DAQmx Read

4-25

DAQmx Read.

LabVIEW . number of samples per channel DAQmx Timing . , DAQmx Start Task. , . , DAQmx Timing. DAQmx Read LabVIEW. DAQmx Read .

4-26

4-4. : , .

LabVIEW , . DAQ . DAQ . , , , . 1. .

-, CreateControl ( ).

. 1000 # ( ) 10000. DAQmx Sine Wave. 2. CH1 . - 3. -.

4-27

a. DAQmx Timing, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx - Data Acquisition, -. ( ) . DAQ Sample Clock .

b. DAQmx Start Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx - Data Acquisition, -. .

c. DAQmx Read, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx - Data Acquisition, -. , . AnalogSingle ChannelMultiple Samples1D DBL, .

d. DAQmx Stop Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx - Data Acquisition, -. .

4. Buffered Acquisition.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 5. . . 6. . 4-4.

4-28

4-5. . : , , .

. , . 1. 4-4 Buffered Acquisition, C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 2. File Save As Buffered Acquisition (min max).vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 3. DAQmx , ReplaceI/ODAQmx Name ControlsDAQmx Task Name. 4. -, .

a. Index Waveform Array, FunctionsAll FunctionsWaveformWaveform Operations, -. .

b. - Amplitude and Level Measurements, FunctionsSignal Analysis, -. . Configure Amplitude and Level

Measurements ( ) Maximum peak Minimum peak.

OK .

4-29

5. - Amplitude and Level Measurements CreateNumeric Indicator ( ). 6. : DAQmx: My Voltage Task # : 1000 : 10000 7. CH1, CH2 . 8. . , 2.

. , , 0, 1 2.

9. - Amplitude and Level Measurements . . 10. . 4-5.

4-30

F. -

, . . . - .

- - . DAQ DAQmx Timing, DAQmx Start Task DAQmx Read. , . DAQmx Read . , , . DAQmx Read . , DAQmx Stop Task . Simple Error Handler , .

- :

4-31

DAQmx Read (While). .

NI-DAQmx . 1, NI-DAQmx , .

, (backlog).

Timing, , () . DAQmx Start . DAQmx Read, , .

(number of samples per channel to read) . number of samples per channel to read . LabVIEW , , , .

(backlog) , , . , DAQmx Read, , , DAQmx Read, . DAQmx Stop Task , Simple Error Handler .

, , , . , . .

4-32

, , . samples per channel (# ) DAQmx Timing. DAQmx Start Task , . .

, (number of samples per channel to read) . , DAQmx Read LabVIEW. DAQmx Read (), , , .

, . , DAQmx Read LabVIEW. , . (backlog). LabVIEW , , . , , LabVIEW .

, ,

4-33

(overwrite error). , , . , LabVIEW . , , , , . ( ) DAQmx Timing.

, . : . , .

,

(number of samples per channel to read). , DAQmx Read , . , , .

DAQmx Timing.

, . , .

-

.

, , FIFO DAQ . , , . , FIFO . FIFO DMA IRQ, , FIFO , . , , DMA , DMA

. (DMA) , (IRQ), . DMA NI-DAQmx Help DAQmx (DAQmx Channel Property Node) ( Data Transfer Mechanism ( )).

DAQmx Timing. FIFO .

. ,

FIFO . , . FIFO .

4-34

4-6. . : DAQ .

, . 1. .

a. -, DAQmx CreateControl. b. (Properties). (Format and Precision). . c. (Scales). Autoscale Y y 2 2, . , 0.00 0.05, .

2. : DAQmx : Sine Wave : 10000 # : 3000 3. ch1 .

4-35

- 4. -.

a. DAQmx Read Property Node, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx - Data Acquisition, -. . PropertiesStatusAvailable Samples per Channel. .

b. (Unbundle by Name), FunctionsAll FunctionsCluster, -. status .

c. Simple Error Handler, FunctionsAll Functions Time & Dialog, -. , .

5. Continuous Acquire.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 6. . . , . , , . 7. , . , , . , . (backlog) , , , , . , DAQmx Read .

4-36

, . 8. FileSave As Continuous Acquire with File IO.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 9. -, .

a. Merge Errors, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. .

b. - Write LabVIEW Measurement File, FunctionsOutput, -. - .

Configure Write LabVIEW Measurement File

:

4-37

10. OK . 11. . 12. - , LabVIEW.

a. - Read LabVIEW Measurement File, FunctionsInput, -. - LabVIEW .

Configure Read LabVIEW Measurement File :

4-38

13. OK . 14. - - Read LabVIEW Measurement File . 15. File Name Description CreateIndicator . Signals Create Graph Indicator . 16. . , , . 17. Read Data File.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 18. . 4-6

4-39

4-7. . : - Write LabVIEW Measurement File .

, , , . - Write LabVIEW Measurement File. . 1. Continuous Acquire with File IO.vi, C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 2. - Write LabVIEW Measurement File Configure Write LabVIEW Measurement File.

a. Action Save to series of files (multiple files). b. Settings Configure Multi-file Settings. c. Configure Multi-file Settings .

d. OK Configure Multi-file Settings. e. OK Configure Write LabVIEW Measurement File.

3. .

4-40

4. Read Data File, C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ -. 5. - Read LabVIEW Measurement File, Configure Read LabVIEW Measurement File. a. Action Ask User to choose file. b. OK . 6. . , . C:\ . 7. OK. 8. . 9. . 4-7

4-41

4-8. , . : .

, . 1. Continuous Acquire, C:\Exercises\ LabVIEW DAQ. 2. FileSave As Trigger Continuous Acquire.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 3. CH1 . -

4. - DAQmx Trigger, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition. . edge source CreateControl, .

5. : DAQmx : Sine Wave # : 1000 : 5000 : /DevX/PFI0, X DAQ MAX. : Rising 6. . 7. . , . . 8. . 4-8

4-42

4-9. NI-DAQmx : NI-DAQmx , . NI-DAQmx . , , , . 1. DAQmx Task Name, ControlsAll ControlsI/ODAQmx Name Controls, . 2. Edit Task . 3. (DAQ Assistant) , . Task Timing Acquire Continuously. . 4. OK . 5. Generate CodeConfiguration and Example. : Example ,

. Configuration

DAQmx Create Virtual Channel. Configuration and Example

. 6. - . , the DAQmx Task Name . 7. -. , HelpShow Context Help. , . 8. . . 4-9

4-43

. DAQ

. ,

. , -

.

.

.

. DAQ , .

. NI-DAQmx

.

4-44

5 () , . , . : A. B. C. D.

5-1

.

, ( ), , . , . , . . , , . .

, () . , , , , , . , , Signal Conditioning eXtensions for Instrumentation (SCXI) Signal Conditioning Components (SCC). , - ().

(), , , DAQ National Instruments. , , .

5-2

B.

SCXI , . .

(terminal block). (SCXI Chassis) SCXI, SCXIbus. SCXI, , , .

SCXI.

5-3

, SCXI, . SCXI SCXIbus. .

SCXI- . , . , SCXI . () , SCXI .

SCXI . ( ) . SCXI. / , EXTSTROBE SCXI . , SCXI.

SCXI , , .

(digital pattern) (SCXI Slot 0), SCXI, , SCXI . , , ,

5-4

(analog bus) SCXI. , . 0. . - , NI-DAQ.

SCXI, . , . . SCANCLK, , SCXI , - . SCXI Slot 0 . , , . NI-DAQ , .

SCXI . 1. , . 2. . 3. , . 4. SCXI.

. SCXI . , , .

5-5

5-1. SCXI : MAX .

. SCXI . , , .

1. SCXI. 2. 4- SCXI-1000, . , ( ) ( ). , . 1SCXI-1520 8-

2SCXI-1180

SCXI-1180 SCXI.

SCXI-1302

3SCXI-1125 8-

SCXI-1327 4SCXI-1141 8-

SCXI-1304 (signal ground referencing) 3. SCXI-1000. SCXI-1349 -. , SCXI-1349 68- 50- . 68- , . 50- . 4. SCXI-1180 ( 2) , , , SCXI-1349, . 5. , . a. , ,

5-6

. b. , SCXI-1349 SCXI-1520 1 . c. DAQ 68- SCXI-1349. 6. . 7. MAX . Devices and Interfaces Create New . 8. Devices and InterfacesNI-DAQmx DeviceNI-DAQmx SCXI ChassisSCXI-1000 Finish.

9. SCXI, . , SCXI-1520, SCXI-1349, , . 1 Communicating SCXI Module Slot. 10. Create New SCXI Chassis, Chassis Address 0. Auto-Detect Modules in Chassis Save.

5-7

11. SCXI Chassis Configuration, .

. SCXI-1180 , . SCXI Chassis Configuration .

a. SCXI-1125 SCXI-1327 Accessory. b. SCXI-1141, SCXI-1304 Accessory. c. OK .

12. Devices and Interfaces, NI-DAQmx Devices, SCXI-1000: SC1. SCXI-1000: SC1, . 13. SCXI-1000: SC1 Test . OK. , . 14. Attributes, , SCXI Chassis Configuration. 15. MAX. 5-1

5-8

C.

, .

, . , . , , , .

. (), . , , . - . , . , J , 50 /C.

, , , 10 . 200 , 4 C - . . 500 , 25 /C. 10 , 200 , 0.03 C.

5-9

5-2. : () 0 1 SCXI-1125 LabVIEW.

. SCXI . , , .

1. MAX Devices and InterfacesNI-DAQmx DevicesSCXI-1000: SC1. 2. 3: SCXI-1125: SC1Mod3 Properties . Configure. Gain Configuration 0 1 : Channel: 0 Attenuation: 1.00 Channel: 1 Attenuation: 1.00 3. OK Details: SCXI-1125 SC1Mod3. 0 1 SCXI-1327

. , SCXI-1327 SCXI-1125. , , SCXI-1327, , SCXI-1125.

4. SCXI-1327. SCXI-1327.

5-10

5. , CH 0 (S1 S2) CH 1 (S3 S4). , 1:1, .

6. , , .

. , , . , . .

5-11

a. CH 0+, CH 0. b. , , CH 0 :

(+) CH 0 . , . () CH 0 . , .

c. CH 1+. d. CH 1. e. SCXI-1327 , . f. SCXI-1327 SCXI-1125, . g. .

7. MAX NI-DAQmx Global Channels Data Neighborhood. Create New NI-DAQmx Channel . : Measurement Type: Analog Input Sensor Type: Voltage.

, . .

Physical Channel: SC1Mod3/ai0

5-12

Name: Temperature1 : Measurement Type: Analog Input Sensor Type: Voltage Physical Channel: SC1Mod3/ai1 Name: Temperature2 8. Data Neighborhood Create NewNI-DAQmx Task. : Measurement Type: Analog Input Sensor Type: Voltage Channels: Add Existing DAQmx Global Channels

Temperature1 Temperature2. Name: SmallVoltageTask 9. Analog Input Voltage Task Configuration . 10. Start. 11. . , . 12. Stop. 13. OK . 14. Save Task. 15. MAX. NI-DAQmx. LabVIEW

, , SCXI-1125/SCXI-1327. , ( ) LabVIEW. , , , . 1. LabVIEW SCXI-1125 Gain vs No Gain,

5-13

C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. .

2. - .

a. DAQmx Channel Property Node, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. / , DAQmx , ActiveChans. .

b. DAQmx Timing, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data

5-14

Acquisition, -. (rate) (sample mode). sample mode CreateConstant .

c. Merge Errors, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. .

d. DAQmx Start Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

e. DAQmx Read, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. . AnalogMultiple ChannelsMultiple Samples1D Waveform.

f. DAQmx Stop Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

g. Simple Error Handler, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. .

h. Wait until Next ms Multiple, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. , , , . 100.

i. Or, FunctionsArithmetic & ComparisonExpress Boolean, -.

j. Unbundle by Name, FunctionsAll FunctionsCluster, -. status. .

3. . 4. : : 1000 # (): 1000 : 1:

: 0.00200

5-15

: 0.00200 2:

: 5.00000 : 5.00000

5. . 6. . . .

7. . 2 1.00000, 2 1.00000. . 8. CH 1. . .

5-16

- , . 2 (1.00 1.00 ) (5.00) (212), 0.097 . 9. 2. , , , . 10. . 5-2

5-17

D.

. 50 , . (), 50 . , SCXI-1125 4 , 50 (- 90 ).

: , , , . ( ) , . National Instruments , .

(), . , . . , , . , . .

, ( ) , , .

5-18

, - (), . . , . . - . .

, . , , , , , . , , .

, . , , .

5-19

. , . , , .

. , , .

, . , , , . : , , . , - () , , . , , , , . DAQ . , , .

, National Instruments. .

5-20

, , . - . , 16- 10 . , / 10 . , , SCXI-1141, , 16 10 . 15 80 . , 15 , 30000 . 16 , , 480000 .

DAQ . , , 10 , 80 30 . , , 60000 , 960000 / . ( ) . , , .

,

5-21

. , , .

, , - .

, . . , . , , , . , , , .

. . NI , , , ( ), . NI ,

5-22

( ) , .

, .

. , .

. , .

5-23

5-3. : . SCXI-1141 LabVIEW .

. SCXI . , , .

1. SCXI-1302 SCXI-1304. 2. , , SCXI-1302 SCXI-1304 , .

a. SCXI-1304 / [S1/S2 IN (0) S4/S5 IN (1)] , , . b. SCXI-1304 / [S3 IN (0) S6 IN (1)] , , . c. 20 SCXI-1302 ( 22 DAC0OUT ) IN +(0) SCXI-1304. d. IN +(0) IN +(1) SCXI-1304.

5-24

e. 23 c SCXI-1302 ( 55 AOGND ) IN (0) SCXI-1304. f. IN (0) IN (1) SCXI-1304.

3. . 4. SCXI-1302 SCXI-1180. 5. SCXI-1304 SCXI-1141. 6. . 7. MAX. NI-DAQmx Devices Test Panels. 8. Analog Output : Channel Name: Dev X/ao0 Output Mode: Sine Generation Update Rate: 1000.0 Transfer Mechanism: DMA Output Voltage/Amplitude: 5.00 Start. 9. Analog Input : Channel Name: SC1Mod4/ai0 Acquisition Mode: Continuous Max Input Limit: 5.00 Min Input Limit: -5.00 10. Start. . 11. Channel Name 1 SCXI-1141. , 0. MAX 1. NI-DAQmx SCXI-1141. FilterChannel1 FilterChannel2. Device Lowpass Filter Enable,

5-25

, 10000. 2. FilterChannel1 FilterChannel2 FilterTask. 3. . SCXI LabVIEW , , SCXI-1141. SCXI-1141 . 1. LabVIEW SCXI-1141 Hardware Filtering, C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. .

2. - .

5-26

a. DAQmx Timing, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. (rate) (sample mode). sample mode CreateConstant . b. DAQmx Channel Property Node, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

c. DAQmx Start Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

d. DAQmx Read, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. . AnalogMultiple ChannelsMultiple Samples1D Waveform.

e. - Spectral Measurements, FunctionsSignal Analysis palette, -. - . Configure Spectral Measurements : (1) Spectral Measurement Power

Spectrum, Result Linear. (2) Hanning Window

Averaging. (3) . (4) OK . Power Spectrum Power Spectrum Graph .

f. DAQmx Stop Task,

5-27

FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

g. Wait until Next ms Multiple, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. . 100.

h. Simple Error Handler, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. .

i. Unbundle by Name, FunctionsAll FunctionsCluster, -. status. .

j. Compound Arithmetic, FunctionsArithmetic & ComparisonExpress Numeric, -. , , . . Change ModeOR. , .

3. . 4. : # : 100 : 10000.00 FC1: 500 FC2: 0 ( 0

SCXI-1141.) 5. HelpFind Examples, NI Example Finder. Hardware Input and OutputDAQmxAnalog GenerationVoltage Cont Gen Voltage Wfm-Int Clk-Variable Rate. 100 . 6. SCXI-1141 Hardware Filtering. 7. Analog Output Frequency 100 5000 SCXI-1141 Hardware Filtering. 0 500 . 1 .

5-28

8. FC1 2500.00 . 7.

. , , . . , . ( SCXI-1141) , , . , , , . , .

9. 0 1 SCXI-1141. 10. . 5-3

5-29

E.

, . . , , . , , .

, , , . 50 , - . . . , 12 , , . , , 50 .

. (number) , . / , , . , (Underwriters Laboratories UL) (International Electrotechnical Commission IEC) . , , ( , ) .

, . . ( ) , . , , , .

5-30

, , , ( ) . , , .

, .

. , . , , . , . , . . . IV .

, , . III . ,

, .

5-31

II , . , , , .

I ,

. I , , .

. , , .

SCXI National Instruments 250 Vrms. , 2300 , . SCXI IEC-1010 . . IEC 664-1

. IEC 1010-1

, .

5-32

F.

() , , , , , , . .

5-33

G.

(thermocouple). , . , , , . , (Thomas Seebeck), 1821 . . , :

V S T V , S , T . S , . , (ANSI). , J- ( ) . , . .

, , .

, 5-1, J- , . .

5-1. J-

, J1, J2 J3. J1 ,

5-34

. J2 J3 , . J1 J2 J3 - . J2 J3 .

. (cold junction) 0 C . (NIST) , 5-2.

5-2. , 0 C

5-2 T1 Tref. Tref 0 C. , , , , . , , .

0 C . 0 C, . , .

, . , . (). ,

5-35

.

, , , , 5-1, , . J2 J3.

, 5-3, , .

5-3.

, 5-4. 5-1 , J3, , . , J3 J4 , , , , 5-4 5-1. , , 5-4, 5-1.

5-4.

5-4 J2 J4 (-). , J2 J4 .

5-36

, , . J1 J3 (-) , . , J1 J3. VJx(Ty) , Jx Ty, :

1 3( ) ( )MEAS J TC J refV V T V T= + (5-1) VMEAS , , TTC J1, Tref .

, 5-1 VJx(Ty) , Ty . VJ1 VJ3 , 5-1 . , , NIST 0 C.

J3 , J1, , VJ3(Tref) = VJ1(Tref). VJ1 , , VTC. , 5-1 :

( ) ( )MEAS TC TC TC refV V T V T= + (5-2)

, VMEAS Tref - , .

, , , - . , . , . , SCXI , , .

. NI-DAQ, NI LabVIEW Measurement Studio , .

. . . :

20 1 2 ...

nnT a a v a v a v= + + + + (5-3)

5-37

v , T , a0 an , . NI . 5-1. ()

+

(C)

()

(/C)

E -270 1000 9.835 76.358 58.70 0 C

J -210 1200 8.096 69.536 50.37 0 C

K -270 1372 6.548 54.874 39.48 0 C

T -270 400 6.258 20.869 38.74 0 C

S - 10% -50 1768 0.236 18.698 10.19 600 C

R - 13% -50 1768 0.226 21.108 10.35 600 C

5-38

5-4. : .

, SCXI-1125 LabVIEW. SCXI-1125 MAX 1. NI-DAQmx . : Measurement Type: Analog Input Sensor Type: Temperature Temperature Type: Thermocouple Physical Channel: SC1Mod3/ai0 Name: ThermoTemp 2. Analog Input Thermocouple Channel Settings. 0 100 C. Thermocouple Type J. CJC Source Built In.

. Built-In , MAX NI-DAQ , SCXI-1327.

3. Device Lowpass Filter Cutoff Frequency 4 . 4. Test . 5. . , . , OK MAX. 6. Yes . LabVIEW

, SCXI-1125/SCXI-1327. , , , , . 1. SCXI-1125 Temperature Reader,

5-39

C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. .

2. -.

a. DAQmx Timing, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. (rate) (sample mode). sample mode CreateConstant .

b. DAQmx Start Task, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. .

c. DAQmx Read, FunctionsAll FunctionsNI MeasurementsDAQmx Data Acquisition, -. . AnalogMultiple ChannelsMultiple Samples1D Waveform.

d. Bundle by Name,

5-40

FunctionsAll FunctionsCluster, -.

e. Simple Error Handler, FunctionsAll FunctionsTime & Dialog, -. .

f. Or, FunctionsArithmetic & ComparisonExpress Boolean, -.

g. Unbundle by Name, FunctionsAll FunctionsCluster, -. status. .

3. . 4. : DAQmx : ThermoTemp ( .) # : 100 : 60.00 : 30 5. . 6. , . . 7. . 8. . 5-4

5-41

H.

() .

LL

= , , .

() (). , , /. , . (), 10-6.

, , , , D . () . ( ) ( ), = /. , , 0.25 0.3.

5-42

I.

, , , . , , . .

, , , . , , . . , . , , , , . . 30 3000 , 120, 350 1000 .

, . , .

, (gauge factor). () , ():

5-43

R RR R LL

= =

2.

. , , . , , , . , . , , , 23 ppm/C. 1000 11.5 /C. , .

, . . , , 500 . 2, 2 (500 106) = 0.1%. 120 0.12 .

, , . (Wheatstone bridge), , , VEX.

VO

3 2

3 4 1 2O E

R RV VR R R R

= + + X

, R1/R2 = R3/R4, VO .

5-44

, . . , R4 , , . RG, R - R = RG . , R1 = R2 R3 = RG, , VO/VEX . 1/(1 + /2), .

14 1

2

O

EX

V V

= +

, .

, , (RG + R), . , (dummy gauge). . , VO , .

, , . , , (RG + R), (RG R). 5-45

, , , .

2O

EX

V KTV

=

, , . .

, , , , . , , , . . -, () , . , . , , , . , .

(lead wires) . , . , , . ,

5-46

, , 15 1 . 2 . , . , (1 + RL/RG). , RL . , . , , . , . RL1 RL3 . - . RL2 . , , , .

5-47

J.

. , , , .

, . , . R1 R2. , , . VEX/2 .

. , 3 10 . , - . , . , , , / .

, , , . / (remote sensing) .

5-48

/. , , . .

, . , . .

. , 10 / (10 1 ). , -. , SCXI , 2000. ,

, . , . , .

. , , . , . . , , .

. , 5-5 , SCXI-1321. (RPOT), . RNULL , .

5-49

5-5. SCXI-1321

, , . . , SC-2043-SG . SC-2043-SG , 50 , 10. , 5 .

. . , R. , , , .

5-50

K.

. ( ) NI-DAQ. Strain_Convert Strain_Buf_Convert. LabVIEW Convert Strain Gauge Reading, FunctionsNI MeasurementsData AcquisitionSignal Conditioning. Vr,

( ) ( )O O r

EX

V VV

V=

VO() , VO( ) , . VEX .

(+) () , , . () , , - , . , , : RG = GF = RL =

5-51

5-5. :

, SCXI-1520 . SCXI-1314

. SCXI . , , .

1. . 2. SCXI-1314. 3. SCXI-1314 QTR0, .

, I . 120 , . , . SCXI-1314 , ,

5-53

120 .

. 120 . , , , .

4. CH0 SCXI-1314, .

a. :

S+ S . RS+ RS (

) P+ P . SCA . SCB (

). b. P+ CH0. c. QTR CH0. d. QTR S+. e. S+ SCA. f. P SCA.

.

5-54

5. SCXI-1314 . 6. SCXI-1314 SCXI-1520. 7. . MAX 1. MAX NI-DAQmx (Analog Input Strain Channel). Strain. 2. .

3. Device. Calibration

5-55

Strain Gage Calibration.

4. Next. 5. . Err % Offset Adjustment Gain Adjustment (with shunt). 6. Calibrate. . 7. Finish. 8. MAX. Strain. , , 1. LabVIEW HelpFind Examples NI Example Finder. Hardware Input and OutputDAQmxAnalog MeasurementsStrain Acq Strain Samples (with Calibration). 2. -. DAQmx Channel Property Node. 3. . Physical Channels: SC1Mod1/ai0 Input Limits: High: 0.01, Low: -0.01 Filter Enabled?: TRUE (

Data OperationsChange Value to True.)

5-56

Gauge Factor: . Nominal Gage Resistance: 120 Strain Configuration: Quarter Bridge I (

, .) Excitation Voltage: 2.500 Do Strain Null?: TRUE Do Shunt Cal?: TRUE Shunt Location: R3 Shunt Resistance: 100000 Measure Actual Excitation?: TRUE 4. . 5. . 6. . , , , . 7. . . 5-5

5-57

5-6. : .

. SCXI . , , .

1. . 2. SCXI-1304, SCXI-1327, SCXI-1314 SCXI-1302 . 3. . 4. . 5. 68- . 6. MAX. Devices and InterfacesNI-DAQmx Devices. 7. SCXI-1000 MAX. 5-6

5-58

, SCXI SCC. . , ,

.. ,

. ,

.

5-59

6

. : A. () () B. C. D. , E.

6-1

A. () ()

, DAQ , (time-domain). , . , . (frequency-domain). , .

, , (discrete Fourier transform DFT). . . , , , , , .

N DAQ N , N , .

fs , ( ) t,

1

s

tf

= x[i], 0 I N 1( N ). ,

21

0

j ikNN

k ii

X x e

== , k = 0, 1, 2, , N 1, (6-1)

( j ) N , (X[k], 0 k N 1) x[i] . , 6-2

N . , t,

1sffN N t

= = X. f . ( f), N fs, fs N.

, X[0] ( ) . 6-1, +1 . .

+1, x[0] = x[1] = x[2] = x[3] = 1 6-1 , exp ( ) cos( ) sin( )j j = :

2 01

0[0] [0] [1] [3] 4

j iNN

ii

X x e x x x

== = + + =

( ) ( )( )[1] [0] [1] cos sin [2] cos sin2 2

3 3[3] cos sin (1 1 ) 02 2

X x x j x j

x j j j

= + + = + =

+

6-3

[2] [0] [1](cos( ) sin( )) [2](cos(2 ) sin(2 ))

[3](cos(3 ) sin(3 )) (1 1 1 1) 0X x x j x jx j

= + + = + =

+

( ) ( )( )3 3[3] [0] [1] cos sin [2] cos 3 sin 32 2

9 9[3] cos sin (1 1 ) 02 2

X x x j x j

x j j j

= + + + = + =

, X[0], , .

, X[0] N ( ). N = 4, X[0] = 4. N = 10, X[0] = 10. X[.] N . N .

, N N . . 6-1 , x[i] , X[k] , . , . (x[i] ), , , DAQ , N/2 :

[ ] [ ]X k X N k= ( [ ])X k = ( )[ ]X N k X[k] , (X[k]) . , , . .

, N . - . .

. , , .

6-4

B. /

t , , (k = 0) 0 , k- (k > 0, k )

kt . , f, sffN

= , , k- kf . . . N, - , k- .

, N 2Np = .

, X. X[0] X[1] f X[2] 2f X[3] 3f . . .

.

.

. X[p2] (p2)f X[p1] (p1)f X[p] pf ( ) X[p+1] (p1)f X[p+2] (p2)f . . .

.

.

. X[N3] 3f X[N2] 2f X[N1] f p- X[p] . , , . , N = 8, p = N/2 = 4, X[0]DC X[1] f X[2]2f X[3]3f X[4]4f ( ) X[5]3f

6-5

X[6]2f X[7] f X[1] X[7], X[2] X[6], X[3] X[5] . , X[1], X[2] X[3] , X[5], X[6] X[7] . , X[4] . N = 8.

, , , .

, N . p = (N 1)/2. , X. X[0] X[1] f X[2] 2f X[3] 3f . . .

.

.

. X[p1] (p1)f X[p] pf X[p+1] pf X[p+2] (p1)f . . .

.

.

.

6-6

X[N3] 3f X[N2] 2f X[N1] f N , N/2 . , . N = 7, p = (N1)/2 = (71)/2 = 3, X[0]DC X[1] f X[2]2f X[3]3f X[4]3f X[5]2f X[6] f X[1] X[6], X[2] X[5], X[3] X[4] . X[1], X[2] X[3] , X[4], X[5] X[6] - . N , .

N = 7.

, .

6-1 N N2 , , . 2 N = 2m m = 1, 2, 3, , , N log2 (N) . .

6-7

(). , (N) 2.

, . 2 - . , , .

, 2 . , , 2 . , 10 . , 16 (= 24, ). .

, 2, , (, f = fs/N), N. C.

, . , . , k- (k- /) |X[k]|2. , , . / , kf kf, .

2[0]X 2

2NX .

6-8

/, , . , /, . , , , . , .

f = fs/N.

x[n] Sxx. N , 2Np = .

Sxx, . Sxx[0] Sxx[1] = Sxx[N1] f Sxx[2] = Sxx[N2] 2f Sxx[3] = Sxx[N3] 3f . . .

.

.

. Sxx[p2] = Sxx[N(p2)] (p2)f Sxx[p1] = Sxx[N(p1)] (p1)f Sxx[p]

2 Vpeak (Vpk) N = 8.

6-9

( ).

2 Vpk,

2rmsV

2 22rms

V = = , .

, , .

2 2rmsV =

N , p = (N 1)/2. Sxx, . Sxx[0] Sxx[1] = Sxx[N1] f Sxx[2] = Sxx[N2] 2f Sxx[3] = Sxx[N3] 3f . . .

.

.

. Sxx[p2] = Sxx[N(p2)] (p2)f Sxx[p1] = Sxx[N(p1)] (p1)f Sxx[p] pf N = 7.

- - Spectral Measurements ( ), Signal Analysis, . .

6-10

(peak), (RMS), (power spectrum) (power spectral density) . , . .

6-11

6-1. : .

, , , , . . 1. . 2. -.

- 3. -.

6-12

a. - Simulate Signal, FunctionsSignal Analysis, -. . Configure Simulate Signals , .

(1) OK . (2) - Simulate Signals error out. (3) Frequency

6-13

CreateControl . (4) Amplitude CreateControl .

b. - Spectral Measurements, FunctionsSignal Analysis, -. . Configure Spectral Measurements , .

(1) OK . (2) - Spectral Measurements error out. (3) Power Spectrum CreateGraph Indicator .

c. Or (), FunctionsArithmetic&ComparisonExpress Boolean, -.

d. Unbundle by Name, FunctionsAll FunctionsCluster, -. (error status). .

4. Power Spectrum Express.vi

6-14

C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 5. . 6. , - Simulate Signal. . 7. . 6-1

6-15

D.

. / , . . , . , , .

- , . , . , , , - 0 fs/2. , /, , , . .

6-1 . . , . 1 2. 3. 2 , . , 2 , , ( ) .

6-16

6-1. .

6-2 , 1.25. 1.25 . , , , . 3, . . .

6-2. .

. , - +, . ,

6-17

, (windowing).

. , , . , . , . 6-3, (Hamming window). . . , , .

6-3. ,

, 6-1, ,

6-18

, . .

: , .

6-19

E.

. , . , .

. - Spectral Measurements, : rectangular ( ), Hanning, Hamming, Blackman-Harris, Exact Blackman, Blackman, Flat Top, 4 Term B-Harris, 7 Term B-Harris Low Sidelobe. AnalyzeSignal ProcessingWindows : Exponential, General Cosine, Cosine Tapered, Force, Kaiser-Bessel Triangle. Rectangular ()

, , . w[n] = 1.0 n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 N . , . . 6-4 N = 32.

6-4. .

, . , . , . Hanning (Hanning) , . : w[n] = 0.5 0.5 cos(2n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-20

6-5 N = 32.

6-5. , , . Hamming

(Hamming) . : w[n] = 0.54 0.46 cos(2n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-6 N = 32.

6-6.

. , . BlackmanHarris

- (Blackman-Harris), , , .

- . : w[n] = 0.422323 0.49755 cos(2n/N) + 0.07922 cos(4n/N)

6-21

n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-7 - N = 32.

6-7. - Exact Blackman

Exact Blackman -, . : w[n] = [a0 a1 cos(2n/N) + a2 cos(4n/N)] n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 a0 = 7938/18608 a1 = 9240/18608 a2 = 1430/18608 6-8 Exact Blackman N = 32.

6-8. Exact Blackman Blackman

Blackman , .

6-22

: w[n] = 0.42 0.5 cos(2n/N) + 0.08 cos(4n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-9 Blackman N = 32.

6-9. Blackman Flat Top

(Flat Top) , , . .

: w[n] = 0.21557895 0.41663158 cos(2n/N) + 0.277263158 cos(4n/N) 0.083578947 cos (6n/N) + 0.006947368 cos (8n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-10 N = 32.

6-10. . 4 Term B-Harris

4 Term B-Harris -, .

6-23

: w[n] = 0.35875 0.48829 cos(2n/N) + 0.14128 cos(4n/N) 0.01168 cos(6n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-11 4 Term B-Harris N = 32.

6-11. 4 Term B-Harris 7 Term B-Harris

7 Term B- -, . : w[n] = 0.27105 0.43329 cos(2n/N) + 0.21812 cos(4n/N) 0.06593 cos(6n/N) + 0.01081 cos(8n/N) 7.7658E-4 cos(10n/N) + 1.3887E 5 cos(12n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1. 6-12 7 Term B-Harris N = 32.

6-12. 7 Term B-Harris Low Sidelobe

Low Sidelobe .

6-24

: w[n] = 0.323215218 0.471492057 cos(2n/N) + 0.17553428 cos(4n/N) 0.028497078 cos(6n/N) + 0.001261367 cos(8n/N) n = 0, 1, 2, ..., N 1 6-13 Low Sidelobe N = 32.

6-13. Low Sidelobe

6-25

F.

, . . , . ,

,

( )

( ), ( )

,

Kaiser-Bessel

,

. w[n] = 1.0

, , , ,

w[n] = 0.5 0.5 cos(2n/N)

, , , ,

w[n] = 0.54 0.46 cos(2n/N)

- w[n] = 0.422323 0.49755 cos(2n/N) + 0.07922 cos(4n/N)

Blackman

Exact Blackman w[n] = 7938/18608 9240/18608 cos(2n/N) + 1430/18608 cos(4n/N)

Blackman

6-26

Blackman 0.42 0.5 cos(2n/N) + 0.08 cos(4n/N)

, ,

w[n] = 0.21557895 0.41663158 cos(2n/N) + 0.277263158 cos(4n/N) 0.083578947 cos(6n/N) + 0.006947368 cos (8n/N)

4 Term B-Harris w[n] = 0.35875 0.48829 cos(2n/N) + 0.14128 cos(4n/N) 0.01168 cos(6n/N)

Blackman

7 Term B-Harris w[n] = 0.27105 0.43329 cos(2n/N) + 0.21812 cos(4n/N) 0.06593 cos(6n/N) + 0.01081 cos(8n/N) 7.7658E-4 cos(10n/N) + 1.3887E 5 cos(12n/N)

Blackman

Low Sidelobe w[n] = 0.323215218 0.471492057 cos(2n/N) + 0.17553428 cos(4n/N) 0.028497078 cos(6n/N) + 0.001261367 cos(8n/N)

6-27

6-2. : , , .

. , . . , , . , . 1. .

- 2. -.

6-28

a. - Simulate Signal, FunctionsSignal Analysis, -. - , . Configure Simulate Signals Samples per Second (Hz) 1000, Automatic 1000 Number of Samples. . OK .

b. - Spectral Measurements, FunctionsSignal Analysis, -. . Configure Spectral Measurements Power Spectrum, Result dB, None Window () Averaging (). OK .

3. Window Comparison.vi C:\Exercises\LabVIEW DAQ. 4. . , 0.001, 1.000. , 70, 60. , . 5. , ( 1) ( 2) , . , . . 6. -. - Spectral Measurements .

6-29

7. . 8. , - Spectral Measurements. ? 9. . 6-2

6-30

G.

, . . , . , . , . , , ( ).

6-31

H.

. , , : ( ) (lowpass) . ( ) (highpass) . () (bandpass) . (bandstop) . .

fc, fc. fc1 fc2, fc1 fc2. fc, fc1 fc2 . .

, , (). (0 ) , . () , (). .

, , .

6-32

, 10 , 30 50 , , , . 20 , 20 40 . .

6-33

I. ()

(0 ) (- ) . . . () (0 ) (- ) .

(0 ) (- ) . . . () (0 ) (- ) . , () . , 0 -3 . -3 , (0.5 , 1 ).

, . , . () , ,

6-34

. :

10 20log [ ( ) / ( )]o iA f A f=

log10 10, ) A0(f) f .

( fAi

, 0.02 ,

9977,010)(/)(

)](/)([log2002,0001,0

0

010

===

fAfAfAfA

i

i

, . 60 , :

001,010)(/)(

)](/)([log20603

0

010

===

fAfAfAfA

i

i

, 1/1000 . , , .

. , .

6-35

J.

, . x(t), y(t) , t . 50 . , , . , , .

, . , , . : , ,

. / ,

, . (

) .

. /. .

6-36

K.

. (x[0] =1 x[i] = 0, i 0), . . , . , . , , , , .

, (). , (). , , .

, - , - , .

. x[k] k , , 1 < k < N, N . . y[k] k-

y[k] =

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