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Η ιστορία και η φιλοσοφία της επιστήμης χαρακτηρίζονται τόσο από λόγο όσο και από αντίλογο: στη θέση ότι υπάρχουν διυποκειμενικά και διαχρονικά κριτήρια/αξίες που διέπουν την επιστημονική δραστηριότητα, αντιπαρατίθεται η αντίθετη θέση, η οποία υποστηρίζει, τη συγχρονική, τοπική και υποκειμενική έκφανση αυτών των κριτηρίων. Στην ορθολογικότητα της επιστημονικής σκέψης που δικαιώνει τη συνεχή διεύρυνση της εξηγηματικής ισχύος της επιστήμης, την επιστημονική εξέλιξη δηλαδή, αντιπαρατίθεται το μη ορθολογικό και ενδεχομενικό στοιχείο που υποστηρίζει την ασυνέχεια της επιστημονικής εξέλιξης.(Θετικισμός, Popper, Lakatos, Laudan, Kuhn, Feyerabend, Ενόραση ή ορθολογισμός)
Citation preview
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- 2014
Popper
Lakatos
Laudan
Kuhn
Feyerabend
07.
7:
: anoixti-skepsi.tumblr.com
open-thought-blog.tumblr.com
, 2014
- , 2008-2014. . , - , , , .
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1
3
Popper23
- Lakatos34
Laudan38
H (Kuhn & Feyerabend) 42
Kuhn 43
Feyerabend53
: 56
67
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Logical Positivism
Knowledge Empricism Verifiability Theory of Meaning
Logical positivism is a combination of empiricism and rational thought that is not as strict as empiricism. There are two key concepts within this discipline. These are Knowledge Empiricism and Verifiabiliry of Meaning.
Pro-science
Pro-reason
Pro-logic
Anti-spiritual
Anti-mysticism
Anti-romanticism
Anti-nationalist
Concerned with distinguishing science from non-science
1920. :
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24
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Imre Lakatos ( ) Karl Popper. Popper - . Popper Lakatos Kuhn - . Lakatos Popper, . , Lakatos, Duhem-Quine , . , Popper, Lakatos Kuhn, . Lakatos, , , - -
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39
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41
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42
H (Kuhn Feyerabend)
The Kuhn Cycle
NormalScience
Prescience
ModelDrift
ModelCrisis
ModelRevolution
ParadigmChange
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43
Kuhn
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53
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54
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55
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56
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59
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65
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66
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