, 20

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- , () - () , - 2013.

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, 31 2014

: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

.3. - , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 .2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 .2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 .2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 .2.3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 .2.3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 .2.4. (invasive alien species) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 B.2.5. (Soil biodiversity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 .2.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 .2.6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 .2.6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 .2.6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 .2.6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 .2.6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 .2.6.6 ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 .2.6.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 .2.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

.3. . . . . . 52 .3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 .3.2. ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 .4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 .4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

9

10 , &

.4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 .4.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

: , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 .2.1. 1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 .2.2. 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 .2.3. 3: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 .2.4. 4: - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 .2.5. 5: - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 .2.6. 6: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 .2.7. 7: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 .2.8. 8: (INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 .2.9. 9: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 .2.10. 10: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 .2.11. 11: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 .2.12. 12: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 .2.13. 13: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

: 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

1

2

- 2020

2050 , , , , , - , . 2050,

- - -

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

,

, ,

3

. , . - , - , . - , 1992, , , , - .

, 1 , , . , , 1994, (. 2204/ 59).

6 , , , -

- , , , - , ,

, , , - .

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2010 - , (CoP10) - (CBD), 2010, , , 2011-2020. (vision) -

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: , - , , , , . (mission), , , 2020, - , , . 5 (strategic goals), 20 (headline targets), Aichi (Aichi Targets) .

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, , , , - - , .

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(ABS) . 7536/2010. , 16.3.2010.3. COM (2011) 244 : , ,

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-, . , . -, , . - :

. ,

. - , - - - ,

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. , - , , - .

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.1.

: , , , . , .

, , : ( ), . -

19

.

:

(biological diversity) , , , - , . - , .

(genetic material) , , .

(genetic resource) .

(country providing genetic resources) (in-situ), - , (ex-situ) .

(protected area) -, .

(sustainable use) -, - , .

4

20 , &

(ecosystem) - , . - .

(habitat) - ( ) , - . , . - . - .

(direct threats) - , , - - .

(underlying or root causes) -, , , - .

(invasive alien species) - () , - , , - .

(endemic) - .

(red list) (IUCN) , . IUCN, .

(geotopes) - , , .

21

.2.

, , . , , , . , - . , - , , , , .

- , (ecosystem services) . - - .

. -6, : (supporting)

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/ (non-use values), , , - (.. - ).

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75% ), 201014 0,08 - , 2020 0,4 - . 2,8 - , -. , , - 60% . , - . , .

. , - . .

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- , , 100 1000 , 15, . , - 16 - : ,

(, , -), , , ,

, - , ,

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, 132.000 km2 10.500.000 , - . (29 , Thornwaite), , . , , , . , 2/3 1500 m. - ( 16.300 ) .

(, ), ( , - - - - - , -, , , , ..), , , . , ( ) (, ) - (entisols, inceptisols, alfisols, vertisols). .

.2.

.2.1.

, - , , .

29

30 , &

, , 575218,19 1893 - , 6600 taxa 1072 185 . , , , 1278 (22.2% ) 452 , 1461 taxa (22.1% taxa). 20 , 23.130 , 3.956 21, 3.500 .

(.. ) . , . , -22 60 , 48 , 12 , 62 , 49 , 63 , 85 . , . , , -, , - , . , , - () , , , , (- -) .

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, : . , , , 28 (Monera), (Protista), (Fungi), (Plantae) (Animalia). 29, : -, . , , . , , , .

.2.3.1.

, , . , , , , . , , , . 30 ( ), - .

.2.3.2.

.2.3.2.1.

, , - . - (, , , , ..) (.. , , ..) . - .

, - . , , , M , , ..,

28. Whittaker R. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms. Science163 : 150160.

29. Woese C.R., Kandler O., WheelisM.L.. 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 87:4576-4579.

30. (. .2.3.2.1 .2.3.2.2) .

33

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-. . , - 100.000 .

, , . 1973, - , 1950 - 31. , - , , . - 11.000 . , 3.000. . , - 150 taxa32, 2000 33.

31. . 1973. . . , .32. (.. , ).33. Diamandis S. 2000. List of threatened Macrofungi in Greece. ECCF Newsletter 10: 12.

6

34 , &

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. . - . , 503 taxa, 313 , 103 87 34.

. ( ). , - 35 750 taxa. 39% taxa : 4 taxa (Anthoceratophyta) 155 taxa (Marchantiophyta) 590 taxa (Bryophyta)

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, 253 37 ( 18% - ) , : , IUCN38, 2 . , 15, - 40, 41. 460 , 8% . , , 2007, 58 , -

34. Haritonidis S., Orfanidis S., Lazaridou Th. 1992. Preliminary results of a checklist of the benthic marine algae of the Greek coasts (Aegean and Ionian Seas). CIESM 33:5.

35. T . 2009. : - ( ). . , , , , . 356.

36. Dimopoulos P., Raus Th., Bergmeier E., Constantinidis Th., Iatrou G., Kokkini S., Strid A. &Tzanoudakis D. 2013. Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. Englera 31: 1-372.

Strid A, Tan K. 1997. Flora Hellenica 1.Knigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Strid A, Tan K. 2002. Flora Hellenica 2. Ruggell: Koeltz Scientific Books. Tan K, Iatrou G. 2001. Endemic plants of Greece, the Peloponnese. Copenhagen: Gads Publishers. 37. Georgiou, K. & P. Delipetrou. 2010. Patterns and traits of the endemic plants of Greece. Botanical Journal of the Linnean

Society 162:130422.38. , , -

(International Union for the Conservation of Nature, IUCN) http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/resources/technical_documents/ ( 3.1).

35

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40. Fauna Europaea Web Service. http://www.faunaeur.org41. ., - .., ., . 2010. .

, , , , . 220.

38 , &

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, - :

. - (), . ( 9 / 34 ), ELNAIS (Ellenic Network on Aquatic Invasive Species). - SEBI 2010 (Streamlining European Biodiversity Indicators, 2010).

. , 21 DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe). , . , ( -) . Hatzilacou & Arianoutsou (2010)43, 2008, 60% , 38% 2% .

Arianoutsou et al. (2010), 343 taxa. Dimopoulos et al. (2013) 250 (alien) taxa,

43. Hatzilacou, D. & Arianoutsou, M. 2010. Fact sheet for EEA. Theme: Nature Protection and Biodiversity Driver: Invasive (terrestrial) alien species in Greece (GR- SEBI2010- 010) 19.2.2010.

40 , &

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41

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47

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50 , &

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55. Tsikliras A.C., Dinouli A., Stergiou K.I. (2010) Exploitation pattern of the Mediterranean fisheries. Rapport du 39e Congrs de la Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifique de la Mer Mditerrane 39: 683.

56. Pancucci-Papadopoulou M.A, Zenetos A., Corsini-Foka M., Politou Ch, 2005. Update of marine alien species in Hellenic waters. Mediterranean Marine Science 6: 1-11.

57. Streftaris N.,Zenetos A.2006. Alien Marine Species in the Mediterranean - the 100 Worst Invasives andtheirImpact.MediterraneanMarineScience 7: 87-118.

51

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60. Phitos et al. (eds.) 1995: The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece, WWF. 263.

61. : - . & , 2009. 201.

62. : . & . (. .). 2009. . , , . 528. 11 , 17 , 61 - 45 .

63. , 2006. Report of Greece on ICZM. :http://www.minenv.gr/4/42/00/094%20GR%20Report%20CZM-full%20version-4-final.pdf

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111 15 (Saturnia pyri)

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113 17 Quercus robur subsp. pedunculiflora

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116 19

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120 22

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121 25

121 26

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122 28

122 29 (Icthyosaura alpestris)

122 30 (Ophrys mammosa)

123 31

123 32 (Globularia stygia)

123 33 (Bufo bufo)

124 34 (Cupressus sempervirens) ,

124 35

124 36 , (Zamenis situla)

125 37 , ,

125 38 (. 2.497),

125 39

127 40

127 41 (Parnasius apollo)

127 42

128 43 Phoenix theophrasti ( )

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